DESCRIPTION:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is widely used as an oxidizing agent.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid.
Usually potassium peroxymonosulfate refers to the triple salt known as oxone.

CAS Number: 70693-62-8
Formula : HKO5S • 0.5HKO4S • 0.5K2O4S
Molecular weight : 307,38 g/mol
IUPAC name: Potassium peroxysulfate


The standard electrode potential for potassium peroxymonosulfate is +1.81 V with a half reaction generating the hydrogen sulfate (pH = 0):
HSO5− + 2 H+ + 2 e− → HSO4− + H2O

Potassium peroxymonosulfate per se is a relatively obscure salt, but its derivative called oxone is of commercial value.
Oxone refers to the triple salt 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4.

Oxone has a longer shelf life than does potassium peroxymonosulfate.
A white, water-soluble solid, oxone loses <1% of its oxidizing power per month.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is a liquid oxidizing disinfectant that is often used in wastewater treatment plants.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate has been shown to be effective in the reduction of bacteria and viruses, such as E. coli and H1N1 flu virus, when used in concentrations of 50-100 mg/L.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate may also be used as an alternative to benzalkonium chloride for the decontamination of surfaces.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate can also be used as a chemiluminescent probe to detect nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, in a process called polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

A model system was developed using sodium citrate and anhydrous sodium peroxide to simulate the chemistry of the reaction between Potassium peroxymonosulfate and malonic acid.
This system showed that Potassium peroxymonosulfate reacted with malonic acid to form hydrogen peroxide, which then reacted with other molecules present to produce chemiluminescence.
The untreated group did not show any chem.

The active ingredient of potassium peroxymonosulfate, KHSO5 (CAS 10058-23-8), commonly known as potassium monopersulfate,which is present as a component of a triple salt with the formula 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4 potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate sulfate (5:3:2:2), [CAS 70693-62-8]).
The oxidizing power of Oxone is derived from its peracid chemistry; it is the first neutralization salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid H2SO5 (also known as Caro’s acid).

Potassium peroxymonosulfate, is a non-chlorinated oxidizer that is excellent for use in a wide variety of applications including pool and spa, cleaning products, paper production, water treatment, oil and gas, and denture cleaning applications.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is present as a component of a triple salt including potassium monopersulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium bisulfate with the formula 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4.
The oxidation potential of Potassium peroxymonosulfate is derived from its peracid chemistry.

PRODUCTION OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is produced from peroxysulfuric acid, which is generated in situ by combining oleum and hydrogen peroxide.
Careful neutralization of this solution with potassium hydroxide allows the crystallization of the triple salt.

USES OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a white, granular, freeflowing peroxygen that provides powerful non-chlorine oxidation for a wide variety of industrial and consumer uses.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate can be used in swimming pools to keep the water clear, thus allowing chlorine in pools to work to sanitize the water rather than clarify the water, resulting in less chlorine needed to keep pools clean.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate provides powerful non-chlorine oxidation for a wide variety of industrial and consumer uses.
It’s applications may be found in oral hygiene formulations, pool and spa shock and disinfections, paper recycling, printed circuit board etching, wool shrink proofing, precious metal extraction process.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate, also known as MPS, KMPS, potassium monopersulfate, and potassium caroate is a white powder and non-chlorine oxidizer, whose chemical formula is KHSO5.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a strong oxidant with an oxidation potential of similar magnitude to that of chlorine.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is widely used in swimming pools to keep the water clear, thus allowing chlorine in pools to work to sanitize the water rather than clarify the water, resulting in less chlorine needed to keep pools clean.

Cleaning:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used widely for cleaning.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate whitens dentures, disinfects swimming pools, and cleans chips for the manufacture of microelectronics.

Organic chemistry:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a versatile oxidant in organic synthesis.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids; in the presence of alcoholic solvents, the esters may be obtained.

Internal alkenes may be cleaved to two carboxylic acids (see below), while terminal alkenes may be epoxidized.
Sulfides give sulfones, tertiary amines give amine oxides, and phosphines give phosphine oxides.

Further illustrative of the oxidative power of this salt is the conversion of an acridine derivative to the corresponding acridine-N-oxide
Potassium peroxymonosulfate oxidizes sulfides to sulfoxides and then to sulfones.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate converts ketones to dioxiranes.
The synthesis of dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) from acetone is representative.
Dioxiranes are versatile oxidising agents and may be used for the epoxidation of olefins.
In particular, if the starting ketone is chiral then the epoxide may be generated enantioselectively, which forms the basis of the Shi epoxidation.

APPLICATIONS OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Swimming pool shock oxidizer
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Printed wiring board microetchant

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Repulping aid for wet-strength-resin destruction
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Odor control agent in wastewater treatment

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Bleach component in denture cleanser and laundry formulations
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Activator in antimicrobial compositions
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as powerful oxidation and relative safe handling properties are of value.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Disinfectants: in the pool, spa field recycled water disinfectants
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in Metal processing: printed circuit board cleaning and etching
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in Paper Regeneration: as wet strength paper re-pulping and recycled fiber additives

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used in Textiles: can be used as an oxidizing agent, dyeing wool shrink-proof fabric bleach pretreatment
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is used as Denture cleaners, plaster additives, organic synthesis adjuvants, colorants carpet, water purifying agent

Pharmaceutical/chemical synthesis is the basic raw material for the preparation of Dioxirasnes series catalysts such as DMD and TFD, with its mild reaction conditions, efficient oxidation activity and excellent selectivity, peroxyketone has opened up a new path for asymmetric reaction and natural drug synthesis.
In the design of the olefin asymmetric reaction catalyst, the chiral amine, the chiral imine salt polymerization initiator, the polymerization of vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile, the polymerization of vinyl monomer, the binder and the blending agent can be in situ oxidized.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Chemical formula: KHSO5
Molar mass: 152.2 g/mol (614.76 g/mol as triple salt)
Appearance: Off-white powder
Solubility in water: Decomposes
Physical state: granular
Color: white
Odor: none
Melting point/range: Decomposes before melting.
Flammability (solid, gas):
The product itself does not burn, but it is slightly oxidizing (active oxygen content ca. 2%).
pH: 2,1 at 30 g/l at 77 °C
Water solubility 357 g/l at 22 °C - soluble
Vapor pressure: < 0,0000017 hPa
Density: 1,100 - 1,400 g/cm3
Relative density: 2,35 at 20 °C
Compound Formula K3H3O18S4
Molecular Weight 307.37
Appearance White Solid
Melting Point 1,069° C (1,956° F)
Boiling Point 1,689° C (3,072° F)
Density 2.66 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O Insoluble; decomposes
Exact Mass 173.879 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 173.879135 Da
Linear Formula 2KHSO5•KHSO4•K2SO4
MDL Number MFCD00011388
EC No. 274-778-7
Beilstein/Reaxys No. N/A
Pubchem CID 21612111
IUPAC Name potassium; oxidooxy hydrogen sulfate
SMILES OS(=O)(=O)OO[O-].[K+]
InchI Identifier InChI=1S/K.H2O6S/c;1-5-6-7(2,3)4/h;1H,(H,2,3,4)/q+1;/p-
InchI Key HVAHYVDBVDILBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Density: 1.15
storage temp.: Store at <= 20°C.
solubility: 250-300g/l soluble
form: solid
Specific Gravity: 1.12-1.20
Color: white
PH: 2-3 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: Soluble in water (100 mg/ml).
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Oxidizer. Incompatible with combustible materials, bases.
InChIKey: HVAHYVDBVDILBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: -3.9 at 25℃


STABILITY OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a very stable peroxygen in the solid state and loses less than 0.5% (relative) of its activity per month when stored under recommended conditions.
However, like all other peroxygens, Potassium peroxymonosulfate undergoes very slow disproportionation with the liberation of heat and oxygen gas.
If a decomposition is associated with high temperature, decomposition of the constituent salts of Potassium peroxymonosulfate may generate sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, or sulfur trioxide.

The stability is reduced by the presence of small amounts of moisture, alkaline chemicals, chemicals that contain water of hydration, transition metals in any form, and/or any material with which Potassium peroxymonosulfate can react.
Since the decomposition of Potassium peroxymonosulfate is exothermic, the decomposition can self-accelerate if storage conditions allow the product temperature to rise.
Aqueous solutions of Potassium peroxymonosulfate are relatively stable when made up at the unmodified pH of the product.

The stability is adversely affected by higher pH, especially above pH 7.
A point of minimum stability exists at about pH 9, at which the concentration of the mono-anion HSO5 - is equal to that of the di-anion SO5.
Cobalt, nickel, and manganese are particularly strong catalysts for the decomposition of Potassium peroxymonosulfate in solution; the degree to which catalysis occurs is dependent onthe concentrations of Potassium peroxymonosulfate and of the metal ion.

SOLUBILITY OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is highly and readily soluble in water.
At 20°C (68°F), the solubility of Potassium peroxymonosulfate in water is >250 g/L.
At concentrations above saturation, potassium sulfate will precipitate, but additional active component, potassium peroxymonosulfate, will remain in solution.


STERILIZATION PRINCIPLE OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is very similar to peracetic acid, and peroxygen bond is connected with sulfur atom and carbon atom respectively, potassium persulfate is an inorganic substance, and disinfection of its active ingredient is monopersulfate ion, which oxidizes the proteins of microorganisms, leading to the death of microorganisms.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is a neutral salt, and the acidity of its aqueous solution is caused by the dissolution of potassium hydrogen sulfate in the complex salt to produce hydrogen ions.

However, the stability of potassium hydrogen sulfate in acidic conditions is much better than that in neutral conditions, and it will decompose rapidly under alkaline conditions.
The compound potassium persulfate compound salt is a potassium monopersulfate compound salt disinfectant made of sodium chloride, organic acid and potassium monopersulfate.

In aqueous solution, the chain reaction occurs in water by using the special oxidation ability of potassium monopersulfate, continuously produce new ecological oxygen, hypochlorous acid, free hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide.
Through the new ecological oxygen and free hydroxyl oxidation can change the permeability of the cell membrane to break, so that the normal protective layer, to kill bacteria, fungi, protozoa, Virus of the purpose.



REACTIONS OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is Reagent for the catalytic asymmetric Shi epoxidation.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is Reagent for the synthesis of nitro heteroaromatics in water.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is Reagent for the syntheses of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles using aryl iodides via C-H functionalization and C-O/S bond formation.

Potassium peroxymonosulfate is Reagent used for bromolactonization in the asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-Dubiusamine C.
Potassium peroxymonosulfate is Reagent for the benzofuran oxidative dearomatization cascade in the total synthesis of Integrastatin B.






SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.




OTHER NAMES:
Caroat
Oxone
potassium monopersulfate
MPS
KMPS
potassium monopersulfate
potassium caroate
Caroat
Oxone
non-chlorine shock

SYNONYMS OF POTASSIUM PEROXYMONOSULFATE:
Oxone
Potassium Monopersulfate
Potassium peroxymonosulfate
Oxone , potassium monopersulfate
PotassiuM 3-sulfotrioxidan-1-ide
potassium 3-sulfotrioxidan-1-ide
Potassium hydrogen monopersulfate
PotassiuM Monopersulfate coMpound
Potassium peroxymonosulfate joyce
Potassiumhydrogenperoxymonosulfate
Potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate
OXONE, MONOPERSULFATE COMPOUNDOXONE, MONOPERSULFATE COMPOUNDOXONE, MONOPERSULFATE COMPOUND
Potassium peroxymonosulfate
(Hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxydanide de potassium
10058-23-8
233-187-4
Caroat
Kalium-(hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxidanid
Kaliumsulfodioxidanid
Monopotassium peroxymonosulfate
Oxone
Potassium (hydroperoxysulfonyl)oxidanide
Potassium hydrogen dioxidan-2-idesulfonate (1:1:1)
POTASSIUM PEROXOSULFATE
Potassium sulfodioxidanide
Sulfodioxidanide de potassium
KHSO5
MFCD01941542
Peroxymonosulfuric acid, monopotassium salt
Peroxymonosulfuricacid, monopotassium salt
POTASSIUM HYDROGEN PERSULFATE
Potassium hydrogenperoxomonosulphate
potassium hydroxy sulfate