2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer was a Trademark name by The Lubrizol Corporation.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.

CAS: 15214-89-8
MF: C7H13NO4S
MW: 207.25
EINECS: 239-268-0

Synonyms
1-Propanesulfonicacid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane;2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-;2-ACRYLAMIDE-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULPHONIC ACID

Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.
Lubrizol discontinued the production of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer in 2017 due to copy-cat production from China and India destroying the profitability of this product.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer Chemical Properties
Melting point: 195 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Density: 1.45
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: 1.6370 (estimate)
Fp: 160 °C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: >500g/l soluble
pka: 1.67±0.50(Predicted)
Form: solution
Color: White
Water Solubility: 1500 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1946464
Stability: Light Sensitive
InChIKey: HNKOEEKIRDEWRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.7 at 20℃ and pH1-7
Surface tension: 70.5mN/m at 1g/L and 20℃
Dissociation constant: 2.4 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference:15214-89-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer (15214-89-8)

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer is a sulfonic acid acrylic monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer is reactive and hydrophilic.
The sulfonate group gives 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at a wide pH range.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer absorbs water readily and imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer changes the chemical properties of a wide variety of anionic polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer is a white crystals.
The melting point is 195°C (decomposition).
Soluble in water, the solution is acidic.
Soluble in dimethylformamide, partially soluble in methanol, ethanol, insoluble in acetone. Slightly sour.

Application
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer is an important monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer's copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weight can be widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dying, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of its unique formular structure—containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.

Uses:
1. Water treatment applications.
The cation stability of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer-containing polymers is very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights can inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers and help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.

2. Oil field applications.
Polymers in oil field applications must stand in hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and resistance to hard water-containing metal ions.
For example, in drilling operations where high salinity, high temperature, and high pressure are present, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers, and water-control polymers and in polymer flooding applications.

3. Construction applications.
Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
The benefits of these additives include improved strength, workability, and durability of cement mixtures.
In addition, re-dispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer is introduced in cement mixtures, controls air pore content and prevents agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from powder manufacturing and storage.

Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from forming as lime on the concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of the coating.

4. Medical hydrogel applications.
High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when introducing 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.
In addition, Hydrogel with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used for electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.

In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
Finally, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbent, e. g. for baby diapers.

5. Personal care products.
Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.

6. Coating and adhesive.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer's sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide pH range.
Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and reduce surfactants leaching out of paint film.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer improves adhesive thermal and mechanical properties and increases pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations’ adhesive strength.

7. Detergents.
Enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) has a polymerizable vinyl group and a hydrophilic sulfonic acid group in the molecule, which can be used with acrylonitrile, acrylamide and other water-soluble monomers , Styrene, vinyl chloride and other water-insoluble monomer copolymerization.
Introduce hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups into polymers to make fibers, films, etc. have hygroscopic water permeability and conductivity.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer can be used in paper industry and wastewater treatment.
Used as paint modifier, fiber modifier and medical polymer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer can be homopolymerized or copolymerized.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer has an average heat of polymerization of 22 kcal / coulamide in water and can be used as the polymerization medium.
Generally, water-soluble ammonium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide are used as initiators.
Commonly used monomers with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid are acrylonitrile.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer can be used in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.

Ammonium polyphosphate is an organic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia.
As a chemical, Ammonium polyphosphate is non-toxic, environmentally friendly and halogen-free.
It is most commonly used as a flame retardant, selection of the specific grade of ammonium polyphosphate can be determined by the solubility, Phosphorus content, chain length and polymerization degree.

CAS: 68333-79-9
MF: H12N3O4P
MW: 149.086741
EINECS: 269-789-9

The chain length (n) of this polymeric compound can be linear or branched.
Depending on the polymerization degree, there are two main families of ammonium polyphosphate: Crystal phase I APP (or APP I), and Crystal phase II APP (or APP II).
Ammonium polyphosphate phase I has a short and linear chain (n < 100), it is more water sensitive (hydrolysis) and less thermally stable; actually it begins to decompose at temperatures above 150 °C.
The second family of Ammonium polyphosphate is the APP Phase II; which has an high polymerization degree, with n>1000, its structure is cross linked (branched), and Ammonium polyphosphate is an high-quality non-halogenated flame retardant.
APP phase II, Ammonium polyphosphate, has an higher thermal stability (the decomposition starts at approximately 300°C) and lower water solubility than APP I.

Ammonium polyphosphates are liquid fertilizers with compositions up to 11-37-0, manufactured by the reaction of anhydrous ammonia with superphosphoric acid.
Superphosphoric acid is made by the concentration of regular wet-process acid up to P2O5 concentrations of 78%.
Granular polyphosphates suitable for bulk blending are made by reacting ammonia with regular wet process acid of 52% P2O5 content and using the heat of reaction to drive off water to produce a phosphate melt of 10-43-0, with about 40% of the phosphorus in the polyphosphate form.

Ammonium polyphosphate is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching.
Ammonium polyphosphate's chemical formula is H(NH4PO3)nOH showing that each monomer consists of an orthophosphate radical of a phosphorus atom with three oxygens and one negative charge neutralized by an ammonium cation leaving two bonds free to polymerize.
In the branched cases some monomers are missing the ammonium anion and instead link to three other monomers.

Ammonium Polyphosphate is a stable and non-volatile compound.
Ammonium polyphosphate comes under the category of halogen free flame retardants and works as a smoke suppressant too.
Ammonium Polyphosphate is very cost effective when compared to other halogen free systems.
Lower loading into polymers ensures good retention of mechanical and electrical properties and excellent flow.
Allowing plastics to exhibit excellent processability, Ammonium Polyphosphate is used as an efficient flame retardant in the furniture industry and for interior fabrics for the automotive industry.

The properties of ammonium polyphosphate depend on the number of monomers in each molecule and to a degree on how often it branches.
Shorter chains (n < 100) are more water sensitive and less thermally stable than longer chains (n > 1000), but short polymer chains (e.g. pyro-, tripoly-, and tetrapoly-) are more soluble and show increasing solubility with increasing chain length.

Ammonium polyphosphate can be prepared by reacting concentrated phosphoric acid with ammonia. However, iron and aluminum impurities, soluble in concentrated phosphoric acid, form gelatinous precipitates or "sludges" in ammonium polyphosphate at pH between 5 and 7.
Other metal impurities such as copper, chromium, magnesium, and zinc form granular precipitates.
However, depending on the degree of polymerization, ammonium polyphosphate can act as a chelating agent to keep certain metal ions dissolved in solution.
Ammonium polyphosphate is used as a food additive, emulsifier, (E number: E545) and as a fertilizer.

Ammonium polyphosphate is also used as a flame retardant in many applications such as paints and coatings, and in a variety of polymers: the most important ones are polyolefins, and particularly polypropylene, where APP is part of intumescent systems.
Compounding with APP-based flame retardants in polypropylene is described in.
Further applications are thermosets, where Ammonium polyphosphate is used in unsaturated polyesters and gel coats (APP blends with synergists), epoxies and polyurethane castings (intumescent systems).
Ammonium polyphosphate is also applied to flame retard polyurethane foams.

Ammonium polyphosphates used as flame retardants in polymers have long chains and a specific crystallinity (Form II).
They start to decompose at 240 °C to form ammonia and phosphoric acid.
The phosphoric acid acts as an acid catalyst in the dehydration of carbon-based poly-alcohols, such as cellulose in wood.
The phosphoric acid reacts with alcohol groups to form heat-unstable phosphate esters.
The esters decompose to release carbon dioxide and regenerate the phosphoric acid catalyst.
In the gas phase, the release of non-flammable carbon dioxide helps to dilute the oxygen of the air and flammable decomposition products of the material that is burning.
In the condensed phase, the resultant carbonaceous char helps to shield the underlying polymer from attack by oxygen and radiant heat.
Use as an intumescent is achieved when combined with starch-based materials such as pentaerythritol and melamine as expanding agents.
The mechanisms of intumescence and the mode of action of Ammonium polyphosphate are described in a series of publications.

Ammonium polyphosphate is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching.
The properties of ammonium polyphosphate depend on the number of monomers in each molecule and to a degree on how often it branches.
Shorter chains (n < 100) are more water sensitive and less thermally stable than longer chains (n > 1000).
Consequently, short polymer chains and oligomers (e.g. pyro-, tripoly-, and tetrapoly-) are more soluble and show decreasing solubility with increasing chain length.

Ammonium polyphosphate is used as a flame retardant in many applications such as paints and coatings, and in a variety of polymers: the most important ones are polyolefins, and particularly polypropylene, where Ammonium polyphosphate is part of intumescent systems.
Compounding with APP-based flame retardants in polypropylene is described in.
Further applications are thermosets, where Ammonium polyphosphate is used in unsaturated polyesters and gel coats (APP blends with synergists), epoxies and polyurethane castings (intumescent systems).

Ammonium polyphosphates as used as flame retardants in polymers have long chains and a specific crystallinity (Form II).
They start to decompose at 240 °C to form ammonia and polyphosphoric acid.
The phosphoric acid acts as a catalyst in the dehydration of carbon-based poly-alcohols, such as cellulose in wood.
The phosphoric acid reacts with alcohol groups to form heat-unstable phosphate esters.
The esters decompose to release carbon dioxide and regenerate the phosphoric acid catalyst.
In the gas phase, the release of non-flammable carbon dioxide helps to dilute the oxygen of the air and flammable decomposition products of the material that is burning.

In the condensed phase, the resultant carbonaceous char helps to shield the underlying polymer from attack by oxygen and radiant heat therefore preventing the pyrolysis of the substrate.
Use as an intumescent is achieved when combined with polyalcohols such as pentaerythritol and melamine as expanding agent.
The mechanisms of intumescence and the mode of action of Ammonium polyphosphate are described in a series of publications.
Due to its uncritical toxicological and environmental profile, ammonium polyphosphate has the potential to widely substitute halogen-containing flame retardants in a series of applications like flexible and rigid PUR-foam and thermoplastics.

Ammonium polyphosphate Chemical Properties
Density: 1.74[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 0.076Pa at 20℃
Storage temp.: −20°C
Solubility: Aqueous Acid (Slightly)
Form: Solid
Color: White to Off-White
LogP: -2.148 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 68333-79-9
EPA Substance Registry System: Ammonium polyphosphates (68333-79-9)

Uses
Ammonium polyphosphate is a specialty chemical that finds many different uses in key industries.
Ammonium Polyphosphate, is an environment-friendly and halogen-free flame retardant.
Ammonium polyphosphate is the main constituent of many intumescent flame retardant systems: coatings, paints and engineering plastics.
Ammonium polyphosphate is used to prepare 20% Phosphorous/Nitrogen containing flame retardants, it can be used solely or in conjunction with other materials in the flameproof treatment for textiles, papers, fibers and woods.
Special treatment can be used to prepare 50% high concentration flameproof formulations required for special applications.

The most common ammonium polyphosphate fertilizers have a N-P2O5-K2O (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) composition of 10-34-0 or 11-37-0.
Polyphosphate fertilizers offer the advantage of a high nutrient content in a clear, crystal-free fluid that remains stable within a wide temperature range and stores well for long periods.
A variety of other nutrients mix well with polyphosphate fertilizers, making them excellent carriers of micronutrients typically needed by plants.

Ammonium polyphosphate is a crystalline compound that contains phosphorus pentoxide and diammonium.
Ammonium polyphosphate is used for wastewater treatment, as an additive to plastics, and in the production of paper.
Ammonium polyphosphate can be synthesized from sodium citrate and crystalline cellulose.
The synthesis process involves heating the mixture at temperatures between 300°C and 400°C.
This process will produce a solid product with the desired reactants in the correct stoichiometric ratio.
Ammonium polyphosphate has been found to have synergistic effects when combined with other chemicals, such as enzymes or water-soluble phosphates.
Studies have shown that ammonium polyphosphate improves the ability of enzymes to break down organic matter in biological systems; this may be due to its high water permeability properties.

Synonyms
10361-65-6
Phosphoric acid, ammonium salt (1:3)
68333-79-9
Ammonium phosphate, tribasic
Triammonium orthophosphate
triazanium;phosphate
Phosphoric acid, triammonium salt
UNII-2ZJF06M0I9
2ZJF06M0I9
EINECS 233-793-9
EINECS 270-200-2
68412-62-4
(NH4)3PO4
triazanium phosphate
APP (fireproofing agent)
Ammonium phosphate tribasic
DTXSID8052778
EXO 462
H3N.1/3H3O4P
ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
EINECS 269-789-9
H3-N.1/3H3-O4-P
Ammonium orthophosphate, superphosphate
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE ((NH4)3PO4)
LS-192343
FT-0698825
EC 269-789-9
Ammonium Phosphate GFAA Matrix Modifier: 10% NH4H2PO4 in 2% HNO3
Pre-Mixed GFAA Matrix Modifier 3: 10 mg/mL NH4H2PO4 & 600 microg/mL Mg(NO3)2 in 2% HNO3

PEG-4 is a plasticizer.
PEG-4 possesses lubricity and humectant properties.
PEG-4 maintains wet-tack strength.

CAS: 25322-68-3
MF: N/A
MW: 0
EINECS: 500-038-2

PEG-4 is used in pressure sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
PEG-4 is a family of linear polymers formed by a base-catalyzed condensation reaction with repeating ethylene oxide units being added to ethylene.
The molecular formula is (C2H4O)multH2O where mult denotes the average number of oxyethylene groups.
The molecular weight can range from 200 to several million corresponding to the number of oxyethylene groups.
The higher-molecular-weight materials (100 000 to 5 000 000) are also referred to as polyethylene oxides.

The average molecular weight of any specific PEG-4 product falls within quite narrow limits (°5%).
The number of ethylene oxide units or their approximate molecular weight (e.g., PEG-4 or PEG-200) commonly designates the nomenclature of specific PEG-4.
PEG-4 with amolecular weight less than 600 are liquid, whereas those of molecular weight 1000 and above are solid.
These materials are nonvolatile, water-soluble, tasteless, and odorless.
They are miscible with water, alcohols, esters, ketones, aromatic solvents, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, but immiscible with alkanes, paraffins, waxes, and ethers.

PEG-4 is the product of the catalysed reaction between ethylene oxide and
water.
The polymerisation reaction is controlled so that the average molecular weight is in the range 190 – 210.
PEG-4, at room temperature, is a clear, hygroscopic liquid, which possesses a
characteristic low vapour pressure and excellent lubricity.
PEG-4 is totally soluble in water and in most organic solvents except aliphatic hydrocarbons.
At high temperatures and in the presence of air PEG-4 will undergo decomposition.
However, improved stability can be gained by the use of antioxidants.
As PEG-4 contains two terminal hydroxyl groups it can be used in polyurethane and esterification reactions.

PEG-4 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 64-66 °C
Boiling point: >250°C
Density: 1.27 g/mL at 25 °C
Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: n20/D 1.469
Fp: 270 °C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
Form: waxy solid
Color: White to very pale yellow
Specific Gravity: 1.128
PH: 5.5-7.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.6
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.3
Merck: 14,7568
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: -0.698 at 25℃
NIST Chemistry Reference: PEG-4 (25322-68-3)
EPA Substance Registry System: PEG-4 (25322-68-3)

PEG-4 is a polymer which is hydrolyzed by ethylene oxide.
PEG-4 has no toxicity and irritation.
PEG-4 is widely used in various pharmaceutical preparations.
The toxicity of low molecular weight PEG-4 is relatively large.
In general, the toxicity of diols is very low.

Topical application of PEG-4, especially mucosal drug, can cause irritant pain.
In topical lotion, PEG-4 can increase the flexibility of the skin, and has a similar moisturizing effect with glycerin.
PEG-4 can occur in large doses of oral administration.
In injection, the maximum PEG-4 concentration is about 30% (V/V).
Hemolysis could occur when the concentration is more than 40% (V/V).

Uses
PEG-4 molecules of approximately 2000 monomers.
PEG-4 is used in various applications from industrial chemistry to biological chemistry.
Recent research has shown PEG-4 maintains the ability to aid the spinal cord injury recovery process, helping the nerve impulse conduction process in animals.
In rats, PEG-4 has been shown to aid in the repair of severed sciatic axons, helping with nerve damage recovery.
PEG-4 is industrially produced as a lubricating substance for various surfaces to reduce friction.

PEG-4 is also used in the preparation of vesicle transport systems in with application towards diagnostic procedures or drug delivery methods.
PEG-4 can be used in many applications including printing inks, ceramic and glass
production, the treatment of paper, lubricant base, fatty acid ester manufacture, textile conditioner, as a formulation aid in the detergent industry and in the production of polyurethane prepolymers.

Manufacturing Process
PEG-4 was obtained by polymerization of ethylene oxide in an autoclave at 80-100°C using as a catalyst dipotassium alcogolate of polyethylene glycol 400.
Dipotassium alcogolate of PEG-4 was synthesized by a heating of the dry mixture of PEG-4 and potassium hydroxide.
The molecular weight of polymer was regulated by the ratio of monomer:catalyst.

Biochem/physiol Actions
PEG-4 helps in the purification and crystal growth of proteins and nucleic acids.
PEG-4 also interacts with cell membrane, thereby allowing cell fusion.

Toxicity evaluation
Many years of human experience in the workplace and in the use of consumer products containing PEG-4 have not shown any adverse health effects, except in situations where very high doses are administered to hypersusceptible individuals or persons with underlying diseases.

Synonyms
1,2-ethanediol,homopolymer
2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-Poly(oxy-1)
Alcox E 160
Alcox E 30
alcoxe30
Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 600,000
Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 200,000
Poly(ethylene oxide),approx. M.W. 900,000

Tylose H 20 P2, another nonproteinaceous colloid, is a complex mixture of ethoxylated amylopectins ranging in molecular weight from 10 to 1,000 kDa (average molecular weight, ~450 kDa).
When infused as a 6% solution, Tylose H 20 P2 approximates the activity of human albumin.
The larger molecular weights, however, increase Tylose H 20 P2's intravascular residence time as well as its plasma expansion effects relative to albumin.

CAS: 9004-62-0
MF: C29H52O21
EINECS: 618-387-5

Tylose H 20 P2 acts as a thickening and stabilizing agent.
Tylose H 20 P2 is a nonionic cellulose ether with delayed solubility to ensure a lump free solution in aqueous systems.
Tylose H 20 P2 exhibits high compatibility with other raw materials such as surfactant.
Tylose H 20 P2 is used in hair colorants, body lotion, liquid foundation and sun care products.
Tylose H 20 P2 is synthetically produced, so it is degraded more slowly and is less antigenic than other colloids.
Despite these advantages, Tylose H 20 P2 is quite expensive and also has no oxygen-carrying capacity.
A starch derivative containing 90% amylopectin.
Non-ionic water soluble polymer.
Aqueous solutions are pseudoplastic.
Readily disperses without lumping.

Tylose H 20 P2 is primarily used in ophthalmic and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Tylose H 20 P2 is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material.
Acute and subacute oral toxicity studies in rats have shown no toxic effects attributable to Tylose H 20 P2 consumption, the hydroxyethyl cellulose being neither absorbed nor hydrolyzed in the rat gastrointestinal tract.
However, although used in oral pharmaceutical formulations, Tylose H 20 P2 has not been approved for direct use in food products.

Tylose H 20 P2 is not recommended for use in oral pharmaceutical formulations or topical preparations that may be used on mucous membranes.
Tylose H 20 P2 is also not recommended for use in parenteral products.
Tylose H 20 P2 powder is a stable though hygroscopic material.
Aqueous solutions of Tylose H 20 P2 are relatively stable at pH 2–12 with the viscosity of solutions being largely unaffected.
However, solutions are less stable below pH 5 owing to hydrolysis.
At high pH, oxidation may occur.
Increasing the temperature reduces the viscosity of aqueous Tylose H 20 P2 solutions. However, on cooling, the original viscosity is restored.

Solutions may be subjected to freeze–thawing, high-temperature storage, or boiling without precipitation or gelation occurring.
Tylose H 20 P2 is subject to enzymatic degradation, with consequent loss in viscosity of its solutions.
Enzymes that catalyze this degradation are produced by many bacteria and fungi present in the environment.
For prolonged storage, an antimicrobial preservative should therefore be added to aqueous solutions.
Aqueous solutions of Tylose H 20 P2 may also be sterilized by autoclaving.
Tylose H 20 P2 powder should be stored in a well-closed container, in a cool, dry place.

Tylose H 20 P2 is insoluble in most organic solvents.
Tylose H 20 P2 is incompatible with zein and partially compatible with the following water-soluble compounds: casein; gelatin; methylcellulose; polyvinyl alcohol, and starch.
Tylose H 20 P2 can be used with a wide variety of watersoluble antimicrobial preservatives.
However, sodium pentachlorophenate produces an immediate increase in viscosity when added to Tylose H 20 P2 solutions.
Tylose H 20 P2 has good tolerance for dissolved electrolytes, although it may be salted out of solution when mixed with certain salt solutions.
For example, the following salt solutions will precipitate a 10% w/v solution of Cellosize WP-09 and a 2% w/v solution of Cellosize WP-4400: sodium carbonate 50% and saturated solutions of aluminum sulfate; ammonium sulfate; chromic sulfate; disodium phosphate; magnesium sulfate; potassium ferrocyanide; sodium sulfate; sodium sulfite; sodium thiosulfate; and zinc sulfate.

Tylose H 20 P2 is generally more tolerant of dissolved salts than is Natrosol 250.
Tylose H 20 P2 is also incompatible with certain fluorescent dyes or optical brighteners, and certain quaternary disinfectants which will increase the viscosity of aqueous solutions.

Tylose H 20 P2 is a gelling and thickening agent derived from cellulose.
Tylose H 20 P2 is widely used in cosmetics, cleaning solutions, and other household products.
Tylose H 20 P2 and methyl cellulose are frequently used with hydrophobic drugs in capsule formulations, to improve the drugs' dissolution in the gastrointestinal fluids.
This process is known as hydrophilization.
Tylose H 20 P2 is also used extensively in the oil and gas industry as a drilling mud additive under the name Tylose H 20 P2 as well in industrial applications, paint and coatings, ceramics, adhesives, emulsion polymerization, inks, construction, welding rods, pencils and joint fillers.

Tylose H 20 P2 can be one of the main ingredients in water-based personal lubricants.
Tylose H 20 P2 is also a key ingredient in the formation of large bubbles as it possesses the ability to dissolve in water but also provide structural strength to the soap bubble.
Among other similar chemicals, Tylose H 20 P2 is often used as slime (and gunge, in the UK).
Tylose H 20 P2 is a commonly used thickener in paint&coating formulations.
Tylose H 20 P2 is used in paint&coating formulations to increase the viscosity of the paint and to improve its flow and leveling properties.

Tylose H 20 P2 is a remarkably efficient gelling agent and is useful for adding viscosity to a wide range of skincare products.
Tylose H 20 P2 is stable across a wide pH range – typically between 3 and 10 though some loss of viscosity can occur below pH 3 and above pH 10 which may require increasing the amount of Tylose H 20 P2 slightly to compensate.
Add Tylose H 20 P2 at 0.3% 0.4% to your heated water phase before combining with the oil phase to increase the viscosity of your emulsions and to aid the stability of the emulsion.
According to the manufacturer of this product, Tylose H 20 P2 is a co-emulsifier so certainly will strengthen the stability of your emulsion.
Tylose H 20 P2 creates crystal clear gels with good suspension properties so can be used as the base for serums (works well with pretty much every water soluble active ingredient – including the sometimes difficult to work with aloe vera, alpha hydroxy acids etc).
Tylose H 20 P2 gels can be used as the basis for salt and sugar scrubs (keep below 20% salt crystals (it may be necessary to increase the concentration of HEC).

Tylose H 20 P2 is a non-ionic, water-soluble cellulose derivative produced by introduction of ethylene oxide groups to the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose backbone.
Tylose H 20 P2 is useful as a water thickener, rheological control additive, protective colloid, binder, stabilizer, suspending agent and film former.
Tylose H 20 P2 is used in many industrial applications including latex paints, emulsion polymerization, petroleum, paper, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and many other applications.

Tylose H 20 P2 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 288-290 °C (dec.)
Density: 0.75 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility H2O: ≤5 wt. % at 20 °C
Form: powder
Color: Light brown powder
Odor: Odorless
PH: pH(20g/l,25℃) : 5.0～8.0
Water Solubility: almost transparency
Merck: 14,4673
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides
InChI: InChI=1S/C29H52O21/c1-10-15(34)16(35)24(13(8-33)45-10)49-28-20(39)18(37)25(50-29-26(43-5-4-30)21(40)23(42-3)12(7-32)47-29)14(48-28)9-44-27-19(38)17(36)22(41-2)11(6-31)46-27/h10-40H,4-9H2,1-3H3
InChIKey: CWSZBVAUYPTXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 9004-62-0 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tylose H 20 P2 (9004-62-0)

Tylose H 20 P2 is white to yellowish fibrous or powdery solid, non-toxic, tasteless and soluble in water.
Insoluble in common organic solvents.
Having properties such as thickening, suspending, adhesive, emulsifying, dispersing, water holding.
Different viscosity range of solution can be prepared.
Having exceptionally good salt solubility to electrolyte.
Tylose H 20 P2 occurs as a white, yellowish-white or grayish-white, odorless and tasteless, hygroscopic powder.
Tylose H 20 P2 is soluble in hot or cold water, and does not precipitate at high temperature or boiling, so it has a wide range of solubility and viscosity characteristics, as well as non-thermal gelling properties.

Tylose H 20 P2 is a non-ionic polymer material , can coexist with a wide range of other water-soluble polymers, surfactants, and salts, and is an excellent colloidal thickener for high-concentration dielectric solutions.
The water retention capacity of Tylose H 20 P2 is twice that of methyl cellulose, and it has better flow regulation; the dispersing ability of Tylose H 20 P2 is comparable to that of methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
The specific dispersing ability is the worst, but the protective colloid ability is the strongest.

Tylose H 20 P2 is a water soluble, white powder often used as a stabiliser and thickener in products like creams, lotions and shampoos.
Tylose H 20 P2 is produced from natural cellulose which is sourced from cotton.
Tylose H 20 P2 doesn’t have any direct skin benefits but it helps the product work more effectively.
Because Tylose H 20 P2 is a stabiliser, it helps hold emulsions together.
Tylose H 20 P2 is also used as a thickening agent to create the desired texture and consistency for creams or lotions.
Tylose H 20 P2 also creates a film over the skin, which allows the product to create a smooth and continuous layer across the skin.
This leaves the skin feeling silkier and softer.

Thickeners and Binders
Tylose H 20 P2 is a commonly used cellulose ethers organic water-based ink thickening agent, belongs to a water-soluble non-ionic compound, with good water thickening ability, degraded by oxygen, acid and enzyme, under alkaline conditions can be crosslinked by Cu2+.
Has thermal stability, when heated, does not appear gelation, does not occur precipitation under acidic conditions, the film-forming property is good, the aqueous solution can be made of a transparent film, can be derived from the reaction of alkali cellulose with ethylene oxide, having properties such as thickening, emulsifying, adhesive, suspension, film-forming, maintaining moisture and protectiving colloid.
The role of thickener in the aqueous ink is thickened.

The viscosity of the ink added a thickening agent increases, can improve the physical and chemical stability of the ink; due to the increased viscosity, rheology of the ink can be controlled at the time of printing; the pigment and filler in ink is not easy to precipitate, increasing the storage stability of the water-based ink.
Thickening agent is a cellulose-based material and (or) polyvinyl alcohol substances. Cellulose substances may be methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, Hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose; polyvinyl alcohol material may be an or several species of polyethylene 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1600, 2000, 4000, 6000.

Uses
1. Tylose H 20 P2 is used for cracking method to extract polymerized dispersing agents such as oil water base gel fracturing fluid, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride.
Also for latex thickening agent in paint industry, hygristor in electronics industry, cement anti-coagulant agent and water retention agent in construction industry.
Glazing in ceramic industry and toothpaste binder.
Also widely used in many aspects such as printing and dyeing, textile, paper, pharmaceutical, health, food, cigarettes, pesticides and fire extinguishing agent.

2. Tylose H 20 P2 used as a water-based drilling fluids, and thickening agent and filtrate reducer of completion fluids, thickening agent has obvious effect on brine drilling fluid.
Also can be used for filtrate reducer of oil well cement.
Cross-linking with the polyvalent metal ions into a gel.

3. As surfactants, protective colloids, emulsion stabilizers in combination with emulsion such as vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate emulsion, and a tackifier, dispersant, dispersion stabilizer of emulsion.
Widely used in many aspects such as coatings, fibers, dyeing, paper, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides.
There are many uses in oil exploitation and machinery industry.

4. As surfactants, latex thickening agent, protective colloid, oil exploitation fracturing fluid and polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride dispersing agents, etc.
Thickener, protective colloid, binder, stabilizer and suspending agent.
Tylose H 20 P2 is a thickener, protective colloid, binder, stabilizer, and suspending agent.
May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial Review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience.
Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require Tylose H 20 P2 or chemical cotton by treatment with an alkali.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Tylose H 20 P2 is a nonionic, water-soluble polymer widely used in pharmaceutical formulations.
Tylose H 20 P2 is primarily used as a thickening agent in ophthalmic and topical formulations, although it is also used as a binder and film-coating agent for tablets.
Tylose H 20 P2 is present in lubricant preparations for dry eye, contact lens care, and dry mouth.
The concentration of Tylose H 20 P2 used in a formulation is dependent upon the solvent and the molecular weight of the grade.
Tylose H 20 P2 is also widely used in cosmetics.

Production Methods
1. Alkali cellulose is a natural polymer, each of a fiber-based ring contains three hydroxyl groups, the most active hydroxyl reaction to give Tylose H 20 P2.
The raw material cotton linter or refined pulp meal were immersed in 30% liquid caustic soda, took out to squeeze after half an hour.
Squeezed water containing soda to 1: 2.8, pulverized.
Pulverized alkali cellulose was added into the reaction kettle, sealed, vacuumized, nitrogen charge, repeated to vacuumize and nitrogen charge to replace atmosphere in the reaction kettle.

Precooled the liquid ethylene oxide was pressed into, cooling water was pumped in jacket of reaction kettle, controlled at about 25 ℃ and reacted for 2 h, crude product of Tylose H 20 P2 was obtained.
The crude product was washed with alcohol, added acetic acid to adjust pH value to 4-6, added glyoxal to crosslink and aging.
Then washed with water, centrifugal dewatering, dryed, milled to obtain Tylose H 20 P2.
Raw material consumption (kg/t) linter or low pulp meal 730-780 liquid caustic soda (30%) 2400 ethylene oxide 900 alcohol (95%) 4500 acetic acid 240 Glyoxal (40%) 100-300.

2. The raw material cotton linter or refined pulp meal were immersed in 30% liquid caustic soda, after half an hour took out to squeeze.
Squeezed water containing soda to 1: 2.8, pulverized alkali cellulose was added into the reaction kettle, sealed and vacuumized, nitrogen charge, used nitrogen to replace all atmosphere in the reaction kettle,Precooled the liquid ethylene oxide was pressed into.
In the cooling, controlled at 25 ℃ and reacted for 2 h, to give the crude product of crude Tylose H 20 P2.
The crude product was washed with ethanol and acetic acid was added to adjust the pH value to 4-6. added glyoxal to crosslink and aging, washed with water fast, finally centrifugal dehydration, dried, milled, obtained low salt Hydroxyethyl cellulose.

A purified form of cellulose is reacted with sodium hydroxide to produce a swollen alkali cellulose, which is chemically more reactive than untreated cellulose.
The alkali cellulose is then reacted with ethylene oxide to produce a series of Tylose H 20 P2 ethers.
The manner in which ethylene oxide is added to cellulose can be described by two terms, the degree of substitution (DS) and the molar substitution (MS).
The DS designates the average number of hydroxyl positions on the anhydroglucose unit that have been reacted with ethylene oxide.
Since each anhydroglucose unit of the cellulose molecule has three hydroxyl groups, the maximum value for DS is 3. MS is defined as the average number of ethylene oxide molecules that have reacted with each anhydroglucose unit.
Once a hydroxyethyl group is attached to each unit, it can further react with additional groups in an end-to-end formation.
This reaction can continue and there is no theoretical limit for MS.

Preparation
Tylose H 20 P2 is prepared from alkali cellulose and ethylene oxide.
Tylose H 20 P2 may be noted that the hydroxyethyl group itself can react with ethylene oxide so that side-chains of varying length may be present in the product.
Commercial materials generally contain between 1.4 and 2.0 ethylene oxide residues per glucose residue and have a degree of substitution of about 0.8-1.0.

Toxicology
Considered to be non toxic.
Use as a food additive indicates good tolerance of small amounts, but excessive amounts or overuse may bring irritant and /or harmful effects.
Polysaccharides are not substantially absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but may produce a laxative effect.

Synonyms
Hydroxyethyl cellulose
9004-62-0
Cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl ether
5-[6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[4-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyloxane-3,4-diol
2-Hydroxyethyl cellulose
Hydroxyethyl-cellulose
SCHEMBL23306563
DTXSID60873934
FT-0627136
H11622
2-Hydroxyethyl cellulose; Cellulose hydroxyethyl ether
2-O-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-4-O-methylhexopyranosyl-(1->4)-[4-O-methylhexopyranosyl-(1->6)]hexopyranosyl-(1->5)-2,6-anhydro-1-deoxyheptitol
2-hydroxyethylcelluloseether
ah15
aw15(polysaccharide)
aw15[polysaccharide]
bl15;cellosize
The blood coHydroxyethyl cellulose etherngeals the appearance board
5-[6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[4-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyloxane-3,4-diol

​​​Polymaleic acid is a maleic acid homo polymer, with obvious threshold inhibition and crystal modification, and average molecular weight around 1000.
​Polymaleic acid is a polycarboxylic acid type organic compound, which is resistant to high temperature and can chelate calcium, magnesium, iron, etc. in water.
Good thermal stability, use PH range, wide water hardness, is an excellent scale inhibitor.

CAS Number: 26099-09-2
EC Number: 607-861-7
Molecular Formula: C4H4O4;HOOCCH=CHCOOH;C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07g/mol

Polymaleic acid is the homopolymer of Maleic acid.
​​Polymaleic acid is a very efficient calcium carbonate antiscalant showing excellent performance in high temperature as well as high alkaline cooling water systems.

​​Polymaleic acid is stable in presence of chlorine or other oxidizing biocides.
Due to ​​Polymaleic acid good scale inhibition and high temperature tolerance properties, ​Polymaleic acid is used in water desalination plants.
​​Polymaleic acid does also perform as corrosion inhibitor when being combined with zinc salts.

​Polymaleic acid is a maleic acid homo polymer, with obvious threshold inhibition and crystal modification, and average molecular weight around 1000.
​​Polymaleic acid is the superior calcium carbonate inhibitor in high hardness, high alkalinity, and high temperature severe water conditions and a multifunctional formulation support agent in industrial water systems and other related applications.

​Polymaleic acid is widely used in desalination plant of flash vaporization equipment, low pressure boiler, steam locomotive, crude oil evaporation, petroleum pipeline, and industrial circulating cool water systems.

​Polymaleic acid has better performance when combined with phosphonates than when phosphonates used alone.
​Polymaleic acid is compatible with quaternary ammonium compounds, while not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides under normal use conditions.

​Polymaleic acid is a polycarboxylic acid type organic compound, which is resistant to high temperature and can chelate calcium, magnesium, iron, etc. in water.
Good thermal stability, use PH range, wide water hardness, is an excellent scale inhibitor.

​Polymaleic acid, as a low-cost and excellent green water treatment agent, has become an important member of high-efficiency water-soluble scale inhibitor and dispersant.
Especially under harsh environmental conditions such as high temperature, high pH value, high alkalinity, high hardness, etc., ​Polymaleic acid has a significant scale inhibition effect on calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, etc., which is not general polypropylene acids and other organic copolymerization The dispersant can reach.
At the same time, ​Polymaleic acid has low toxicity, no carcinogenic and teratogenic effects, and is often used as a water treatment agent for circulating cooling water, low-pressure boiler water, and anti-scaling treatment for oilfield water injection, crude oil dehydration and other systems.

​Polymaleic acid is a polyelectrolyte, also known as anti-scale agent H-1, ​Polymaleic acid, which is produced by maleic anhydride Polyhydrolysis or hydrolysis polymerization.
​​Polymaleic acid is a brown-red viscous liquid at room temperature.

Easily soluble in water, each carbon atom on the polymer chain has a high potential charge.
Therefore, ​​Polymaleic acid polyelectrolyte properties are different from polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid.

When dropping with LiOH, NaOH, KOH or (CH3)4NOH, only half of the carboxyl group of the total acid is neutralized, and the properties are different from polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid.
When LiOH, NaOH, KOH or (CH3)4NOH curve is used, there is only one jump at the half-sum point.

Therefore, in terms of potentiometric titration, ​Polymaleic acid is often regarded as a unit acid.
​Polymaleic acid and maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymers can be used to treat calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate powders.

The surface modification of calcium carbonate can improve the stability of calcium carbonate in organic or inorganic phase (system), improve the dispersibility of these powders in solution, and prevent the agglomeration of particles.
​​Polymaleic acid is prepared by polymerization and hydrolysis of maleic anhydride under the action of a catalyst.
​​Polymaleic acid is mainly used for scale and corrosion inhibition of steam locomotive boilers, industrial low-pressure boilers, internal combustion engine cooling water systems, seawater desalination, seawater potassium extraction, heat exchange systems, oil field oil pipelines and tank return systems.

​Polymaleic acid is a drug that inhibits the activity of maleate, hydrogen tartrate, and benzalkonium chloride.
​​Polymaleic acid is used as an active inhibitor in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria.

​Polymaleic acid has been shown to be effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
The long-term toxicity studies on rats have shown no evidence of carcinogenicity or other adverse effects.
​Polymaleic acid has also been shown to bind to the rate constant for polymerase chain reactions, which may result in inhibition of bacterial growth.

​Polymaleic acid is the homopolymer of maleic acid.
​​Polymaleic acid is very stable in presence of chlorine and other oxidizing biocides.

​​Polymaleic acid has good scale inhibition and high temperature resistance properties.
Therefore, ​​Polymaleic acid can be used in the water desalination plants.

​​Polymaleic acid is also an excellent calcium carbonate antiscalant upon high temperature and in the high alkaline cooling water systems.
In addition, ​​Polymaleic acid can be used in combination with zinc salts as a corrosion inhibitor.

​​Polymaleic acid can also be used as concrete additive and for crude oil evaporation.
​​Polymaleic acid can be manufactured through the polymerization of maleic anhydride I an aromatic hydrocarbon upon 60° to 200° C.

A relatively homogenous and easily synthesized polymer, ​Polymaleic acid, was studied to ascertain ​​Polymaleic acid suitability as a model compound for humic substances.
Physical and chemical properties of ​Polymaleic acid were measured by UV/VIS, Fourier-transform infrared, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, high pressure size exclusion chromatography, and elemental analyses to elucidate the structural characteristics of ​Polymaleic acid and aquatic humic substances.

In terms of size, polydispersity, elemental composition, and infrared spectra, ​Polymaleic acid most closely resembles fulvic acids derived primarily from terrestrial sources.
Molar absorptivity (measured at 280 nm) and 13C NMR spectroscopic data, however, show that ​Polymaleic acid exhibits significantly less aromaticity than fulvic materials of similar size.

In general, terrestrially derived aquatic fulvic acids possess larger percentages of aromatic carbons than either ​Polymaleic acid or the lacustrine and subsurface fulvic acids.
13C NMR spectra also show that aliphatic II and acetal carbons, present in several aquatic fulvic acids, are absent in ​Polymaleic acid.

Furthermore, the carboxyl carbon content of ​Polymaleic acid is significantly higher than that of all the humic materials used in this study.
Based on these results, ​Polymaleic acid does not resemble a unique humic substance, but rather appears to possess chemical properties common to humic materials from diverse sources.

Applications of Polymaleic acid:
Cooling water systems / industrial water treatment
Concrete additive
Water desalination
Crude oil evaporation

Uses of Polymaleic acid:
​​Polymaleic acid has high chemical stability and temperature resistance, and has obvious solubility limit effect when pH value is 8.3.
​​Polymaleic acid can chelate calcium and magnesium plasma in water and has lattice distortion ability, which can improve the fluidity of sludge.

​​Polymaleic acid is especially suitable for scale inhibition in high-temperature water systems such as boiler water.
​​Polymaleic acid can be used as oil field water pipeline, circulating cooling water system and flash seawater desalination and other sediment inhibitors, scale inhibitors, etc., can also be used as a basic industrial detergent

​​Polymaleic acid is efficient scale inhibitor.
​​Polymaleic acid is mainly used in low-pressure boilers, industrial circulating cooling water systems, oil pipeline, crude oil dehydration and flash seawater desalination and other aspects of the scale inhibitor, and can be used as the main component of advanced cleaning agents, but also can be used as textile rinsing agent, reduces the ash content of textiles.

​Polymaleic acid still has good scale inhibition and dispersion effect on carbonate below 300 ℃, and the scale inhibition time can reach COOH.
Due to the excellent scale inhibition performance and high temperature resistance of ​Polymaleic acid, ​​Polymaleic acid is widely used in the flash unit of seawater desalination and in the low pressure boiler, steam locomotive, crude oil dehydration, water transfer pipeline and industrial circulating cooling water.

In addition, ​Polymaleic acid has a certain corrosion inhibition effect, and the effect of compound with zinc salt is better, which can effectively prevent the corrosion of carbon steel.
​Polymaleic acid is usually (1~15)× 10-6 and organic phosphate compound, for circulating cooling water, oil field water injection, crude oil dehydration treatment and low pressure boiler furnace treatment, ​​Polymaleic acid has a good effect of inhibiting scale formation and stripping old scale, and the scale inhibition rate can reach 98%.

​Polymaleic acid has better performance when combined with phosphonates than when phosphonates used alone.
​Polymaleic acid is compatible with quaternary ammonium compounds, while not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides under normal use conditions.

​Polymaleic acid cocoa is used for scale inhibition of industrial circulating cooling water, oil field water pipelines and boiler water.
Desalination and scale prevention of seawater by flash evaporation.
And used as an ingredient in advanced cleaning agents.

The general dosage is 1-5PPM.
​​Polymaleic acid can be used for oil field water pipelines, steam locomotive boilers, medium and low pressure boilers, seawater desalination, circulating cooling water, and scale inhibitor and dispersant.

​​Polymaleic acid can also be used as a textile cleaning agent.
General dosage 2 × 10-6~10-5.

​​Polymaleic acid is used as scale inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor in steam locomotive, industrial boiler water, cold water, and oil field water injection treatment.
​​Polymaleic acid is a high-efficiency scale inhibitor, mainly used in low-pressure boilers, industrial circulating cooling water systems, oil field water pipelines, crude oil dehydration, etc.

​​Polymaleic acid has high chemical stability and temperature resistance, and has obvious pH value when 8.3.
The solubility limit effect can chelate with calcium and magnesium plasma in water and have lattice distortion ability, which can improve the fluidity of sludge.

​​Polymaleic acid is especially suitable for scale inhibition of high warm water systems such as boiler water.
​​Polymaleic acid can be used as a sediment inhibitor, scale inhibitor, etc. for oilfield water pipelines, circulating cooling water systems, and flash evaporation seawater desalination.
​​Polymaleic acid can also be used as an alkaline industrial cleaner with.

Properties of Polymaleic acid:
​Polymaleic acid is a solvent-based maleic acid hopolymer, with obvious threshold inhibition and crystal modification, and average molecular weight around 1000.
​​Polymaleic acid is the superior calcium carbonate inhibitor in high hardness, high alkalinity, and high temperature severe water conditions and a multifunctional formulation support agent in industrial water systems and other related applications.

​Polymaleic acid is widely used in desalination plant of flash vaporization equipment, low pressure boiler, steam locomotive, crude oil evaporation, petroleum pipeline, and industrial circulating cool water systems.

Nature of Polymaleic acid:
​​Polymaleic acid is transparent liquid.
​​Polymaleic acid is soluble in water, chemical stability and high thermal stability, decomposition temperature of 330.

50% of the aqueous solution is light yellow viscous liquid, density is greater than or equal to 1.
2g/cm3,pH value is 1~2.
​Polymaleic acid is a low molecular weight polyelectrolyte, non-toxic, soluble in water, high chemical and thermal stability, decomposition temperature above 330 ℃.

Preparation Method of Polymaleic acid:
The polymerization was initiated in the presence of benzoyl peroxide with maleic anhydride as a raw material and toluene as a solvent.

Synthesis Method of Polymaleic acid:
Add a certain amount of maleic anhydride and water to a 1000m four-mouth flask equipped with thermometer, stirrer, reflux condenser and constant pressure drop funnel, and raise the temperature to 60 ℃.
After the maleic anhydride is completely dissolved, add an appropriate amount of catalyst and self-made auxiliary AXL, start the stirrer and raise the temperature to the set temperature at the same time, control a certain reaction temperature, and add the initiator within a certain period of time through a constant pressure drop funnel.
After dropping, continue the heat preservation reaction for 2h to obtain ​Polymaleic acid products.

Production Method of Polymaleic acid:
200 parts maleic anhydride, 80 parts water and one part catalyst are added into the kettle.
After heating and reflux, 100 parts of hydrogen peroxide are added dropwise at 100~120 ℃.

After the reaction, heat and reflux for 30 min to obtain a clear and transparent brown-yellow hydrolyzed product.
Using water as solvent and maleic acid rod as monomer in the presence of initiator for polymerization.
See hydrolyzed ​Polymaleic acid rod for details.

Handling and storage of Polymaleic acid:

Precautions for safe handling:
Ensure good ventilation of the work station. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Wear personal protective equipment.

Hygiene measures:
Do not eat, drink or smoke when using ​​Polymaleic acid.
Always wash hands after handling ​​Polymaleic acid.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 °C/ 122 °F.
Protect from sunlight.

Store in original container or corrosive resistant and/or lined container.
Store in corrosive resistant container with a resistant inner liner.

Keep only in original container.
Store in a well-ventilated place.
Keep cool.

Incompatible materials:
Metals.

Shelf Life of Polymaleic acid:
Under proper storage conditions, the shelf life is 12 months

Stability and reactivity of Polymaleic acid:

Reactivity:
​​Polymaleic acid is non-reactive under normal conditions of use, storage and transport.

Chemical stability:
Stable under normal conditions.

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No dangerous reactions known under normal conditions of use.

Conditions to avoid:
None under recommended storage and handling conditions.

Incompatible materials:
Strong bases.
Oxidizing agent.
May be corrosive to metals. metals.

Hazardous decomposition products:
Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous decomposition products should not be produced.

First Aid Measures of Polymaleic acid:

After inhalation:
Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

After skin contact:
Wash skin with plenty of water.

After eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.

If eye irritation persists:
Get medical advice/attention.

After ingestion:
Call a poison center/doctor/physician if you feel unwell.

Most important symptoms and effects (acute and delayed):

Symptoms/effects after eye contact:
Eye irritation.

Immediate medical attention and special treatment, if necessary:
Treat symptomatically.

Fire-fighting Measures of Polymaleic acid:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water spray.
Dry powder.

Foam.
Carbon dioxide.

Specific hazards arising from the chemical:

Reactivity:
​​Polymaleic acid is non-reactive under normal conditions of use, storage and transport.

Special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighters:

Protection during firefighting:
Do not attempt to take action without suitable protective equipment.
Self-contained breathing apparatus.
Complete protective clothing.

Accidental release measures of Polymaleic acid:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Emergency procedures:
Ventilate spillage area.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

Protective equipment:
Do not attempt to take action without suitable protective equipment.

Environmental precautions
Avoid release to the environment.

Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:

Methods for cleaning up:
Take up liquid spill into absorbent material.

Other information:
Dispose of materials or solid residues at an authorized site.

Identifiers of Polymaleic acid:
CAS No.:26099-09-2
Chemical Name: ​Polymaleic acid
CBNumber: CB5491823
Molecular Formula: C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07
MDL Number: MFCD00284278

Formula: (C4H4O4)n
CAS No.: 26099-09-2
EC No.: n/a

CAS No: [26099-09-2]
Product Code: FP45020
MDL No: MFCD00284278
Chemical Formula: (C4H4O4)n
Smiles: C(=C\C(=O)O)\C(=O)O
Density: 1.23 g/cm3
Flash Point: 100 °C
Storage: store at 10°C - 25°C, close container well
UN Number: UN3265
Pack Group: II
Class: 8

EC / List no.: 607-861-7
CAS no.: 26099-09-2

Properties of Polymaleic acid:
Density: 1.18 (48% aq.)
Flash point: 95 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C

Molecular Formula: C4H4O4;HOOCCH=CHCOOH;C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07g/mol
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 116.010959g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 116.010959g/mol
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 119
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Color/Form: Monoclinic prisms from water; White crystals from water, alcohol and benzene; Colorless crystals
Odor: Faint acidulous odor
Boiling Point: 275 °F at 760 mm Hg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)

Molecular Formula: C4H4O4
Molar Mass: 116.07
Density: 1.18 (48% aq.)
Flash Point: 95 °C
Storage Condition: 2-8°C

Specifications of Polymaleic acid:
Appearance: Amber liquid
Solid content %: 48-52
pH (as it): 2.0 max
Density (20℃, g/cm3 ): 1.16-1.22

Related Products of Polymaleic acid:
Dimethyl 2-Hydroxyisophthalate
2,6-Dimethyl-4-hydroxypyridine
1-(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-methanediamine
(contains Tris(dimethylamino) Methane and N,N- Dimethylformamide Di-tert-butyl Acetal) (Technical Grade)
(E)-6,6-Dimethylhept-2-en-4-yn-1-ol
Dimethyl Chlorothiophosphate

Names of Polymaleic acid:

Regulatory process names:
2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, homopolymer

IUPAC names:
(2R,3R)-2,3-dimethylbutanedioic acid
2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, homopolymer
2‐Butenedioic acid (2Z)‐, homopolymer
ACIDO POLIMALEICO
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride
POLY(MALEIC ACID)
Poly(maleic acid)
poly(maleic acid)
​Polymaleic acid
​Polymaleic acid
​Polymaleic acid

Other names:
HPMA
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride (HPMA)
MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHITE

Other identifier:
26099-09-2

Synonyms of Polymaleic acid:
2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, homopolymer
2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, homopolymer
Accent T 1107
Acumer 4200
Aron A 6510
Bel 200 premix
Belclene 200
Belclene 200LA
Belclene 710
Dequest P 9000
Dp 3328
Hpma
Hydrolized polymaleic anhydride
Hydrolysed Polymaleic Anhydride
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride
Maleic acid homopolymer
Maleic acid polymer
Maleic acid, polymers
Nonpol PMA 50W
Nonpol PWA 50W
​Polymaleic acid
PolymaleicacidAq
Sh 150
HPMA
​Polymaleic acid
PolymaleicacidAq
Poly(maleic acid)
POLY(MALEIC ACID)
MALEIC ACID POLYMER
Maleic Acdi ( homopolymer )
Hydrolysed Polymaleic Anhydride
Hydrolized polymaleic anhydride
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride
hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride
(z)-2-butenedioic acid homopolymer

DESCRIPTION:
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL (DEEA) is a tertiary alkanolamine multi-component aqueous solvent.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL has a high chemical stability and resistance against degradation.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is used to prepare quaternary ammonium salts.
These salts are widely used as phase transfer catalysts to promote reactions between immiscible phases.

CAS Number: 100-37-8
EC Number: 202-845-2
Linear Formula:(C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH

SYNONYM(S) OF (DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL:
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL, DEAE, DEEA (DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine,(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine,2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol,2-Hydroxytriethylamine,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,2-HYDROXYTRIETHYLAMINE,BETA-DIETHYLAMINOETHYL ALCOHOL,DIETHYL ETHANOLAMINE,DIETHYLAMINO-2 ETHANOL,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE,DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE (DEEA),(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,N,N-DIETHYL-2-AMINOETHANOL,N,N-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,2-(dimethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride,2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL hydrochloride,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL hydrochloride, 14C-labeled,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL sulfate (2:1),(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL tartrate,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL, sodium salt,DEAE,deanol hydrochloride,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,diethylethanolamine,ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-, hydrochloride (1:1),ethanol, 2-dimethylamino-, hydrochloride,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,100-37-8,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,Diethylethanolamine,DEAE,(Diethylamino)ethanol,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol,(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine,Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine,2-(Diethylamino)Ethan-1-Ol,Diethylmonoethanolamine,2-Hydroxytriethylamine,Pennad 150,Diaethylaminoaethanol,2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol,N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine,N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine,beta-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,beta-Hydroxytriethylamine,2-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol,Diethylamino ethanol,N-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,2-N-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,diethyl ethanolamine,DEEA,beta-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol,2-diethylamino-ethanol,N-(Diethylamino)ethanol,N,N-Diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine,NSC 8759,N,N-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL,2-(diethylamino)-ethanol,2-N-(Diethylamino)ethanol,.beta.-(Diethylamino)ethanol,ETHANOL,2-DIETHYLAMINO,S6DL4M053U,beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol,DTXSID5021837,CHEBI:52153,.beta.-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
NSC-8759,N,N-Diethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)amine,DTXCID401837,ethane, 1-diethylamino-2-hydroxy-,CAS-100-37-8,Diaethylaminoaethanol [German],CCRIS 4793,HSDB 329,EINECS 202-845-2,UN2686,UNII-S6DL4M053U,-diethylamino,AI3-16309,2-Diethylamino,Diathylaminoathanol,Diethylamlnoethanol,MFCD00002850,N, N-Diethylethanolamine,beta-(Diethylamino)ethanol,N,N-diethyl ethanol amine,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL [UN2686] [Corrosive],.beta.-Hydroxytriethylamine,EC 202-845-2,SCHEMBL3114,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL, 9CI,CHEMBL1183,Diaethylaminoaethanol(german),2-(diethylamino)-1-ethanol,MLS002174251,2-(N,N-diethylamino)-ethanol,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL, 99%,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL [HSDB],N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)diethylamine,NSC8759,HMS3039I08,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL, >=99%,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL [MART.],WLN: Q2N2 & 2,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL [WHO-DD],N-(hydroxyethyl)-N,N-diethyl amine,Tox21_201463,Tox21_300037,BBL012211,STL163552,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL [MI],(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL, >=99.5%,AKOS000119883,UN 2686,NCGC00090925-01,NCGC00090925-02,NCGC00090925-03,NCGC00253920-01,NCGC00259014-01,A 22,BP-20552,SMR001261425,VS-03234,DB-012722,D0465,NS00006343,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL [UN2686] [Corrosive],D88192,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL, purum, >=99.0% (GC),Q209373,(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile,J-520312,Diethyl ethanolamine (DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL 2-Hydroxytriethylamine,InChI=1/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H


(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL appears as a colorless liquid.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL has Flash point 103-140 °F.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is Less dense than water.

Vapors of (DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is heavier than air.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL Causes burns to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is a member of ethanolamines, a tertiary amino compound and a primary alcohol.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is functionally related to an ethanolamine.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL derives from a hydride of a triethylamine.


Diethylethanolamine (DEAE) is the organic compound with the molecular formula (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH.
A colorless liquid, is used as a precursor in the production of a variety of chemical commodities such as the local anesthetic procaine.


APPLICATIONS OF (DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL:
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL (DEEA) can be used as a co-solvent with methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and sulfolane to investigate the CO2 absorption and desorption behavior in aqueous solutions.
Additionally, DEAE is used to prepare N-substituted glycine derivatives and these compounds are used in the synthesis of peptides and proteins.

(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL reacts with 4-aminobenzoic acid to make procaine.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is a precursor for DEAE-cellulose resin, which is commonly used in ion exchange chromatography.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL can decrease the surface tension of water when the temperature is increased.[3]
Solutions of (DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL absorb carbon dioxide (CO2).

(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL can be used as a precursor chemical to procaine.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is used for the synthesis of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry and as a catalyst for the synthesis of polymers in the chemical industry.
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is also used as a pH stabilizer.



USE AND EMISSION SOURCES 1 2 3 4:
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of emulsifying agents, specialty soaps and other chemicals for applications in:
Pharmaceutical industry
pesticides
the paper
leather products
plastics
anti-rust products
the paintings
the textile
cosmetics
surface coatings...


PREPARATION OF (DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL:
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is prepared commercially by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene oxide.[4]
(C2H5)2NH + cyclo(CH2CH2)O → (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH
(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL is also possible to prepare it by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene chlorohydrin.[5


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF (DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL:
vapor density
4.04 (vs air)
Quality Level
100
vapor pressure
1 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Assay
≥99.5%
expl. lim.
11.7 %
refractive index
n20/D 1.441 (lit.)
bp
161 °C (lit.)
density
0.884 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
CCN(CC)CCO
InChI
1S/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H3
InChI key
BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight:
117.19
Beilstein:
741863
Chemical formula C6H15NO
Molar mass 117.192 g•mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor Ammoniacal
Density 884 mg mL−1
Melting point −70 °C; −94 °F; 203 K[1]
Boiling point 161.1 °C; 321.9 °F; 434.2 K
Solubility in water miscible[1]
log P 0.769
Vapor pressure 100 Pa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD) 1.441–1.442
CAS number 100-37-8
CE index number 603-048-00-6
CE number 202-845-2
Hill formula C₆H₁₅NO
Chemical formula (C₂H₅)₂NCH₂CH₂OH
Molar Mass 117.19 g/mol
Code SH 2922 19 52
Boiling point 163 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 0.88 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit 0.7%(V)
Flash point 50 °C
Ignition temperature 270 °C
Fusion point -68 °C
pH value 11.5 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 1 hPa (20 °C)
Assay (GC, area%) ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 0.883 - 0.885
Water (K. F.) ≤ 0.30 %
Identity (IR) passes test
Molecular Weight
117.19 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3-AA
0.3
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
2
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
4
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
117.115364102 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
117.115364102 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
23.5Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
8
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
43.8
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
vapor pressure
1.9 hPa ( 20 °C)
Quality Level
200
Assay
≥99.0% (GC)
form
liquid
autoignition temp.
270 °C
potency
1300 mg/kg LD50, oral (Rat)
1109 mg/kg LD50, skin (Rabbit)

expl. lim.
0.7 % (v/v)
pH
11.5 (20 °C, 100 g/L in H2O)
bp
163 °C/1013 hPa
mp
-68 °C
transition temp
flash point 51 °C
density
0.88 g/cm3 at 20 °C
storage temp.
2-30°C
InChI
1S/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H3
InChI key
BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Storage Temperature
RT
European Com.#
202-845-2
Hazmat Ship
Check subsku for hazmat
Purity
>99%
Appearance color
Clear, colorless
Appearance form
Liquid
Molecular Formula
C6H15NO
Molecular Weight
117.19
Density
0.884 g/mL at 25°C
Melting point
-70°C
Boiling point
161°C
Solubility (@ RT)
Solubility in water: Soluble
Solubility in other solvents: Soluble in alcohol, ether and benzene
Melting Point -70°C
Density 0.883
pH 11.5
Boiling Point 161°C to 163°C
Flash Point 52°C (125°F)
Odor Amine-like
Linear Formula (CH3CH2)2NCH2CH2OH
Refractive Index 1.4415
Quantity 1000 mL
UN Number UN2686
Beilstein 741863
Sensitivity Air and light sensitive; Hygroscopic
Merck Index 14,3112
Solubility Information It is miscible in water.
Molecular Weight (g/mol) 117.192
Formula Weight 117.19
Percent Purity 99%
Chemical Name or Material (DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT (DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether's molecular formula is C10H22O3.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a colorless liquid.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether has an odor of ether.


CAS Number: 29911-28-2
EC Number: 249-951-5
Chemical Composition: Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether
Structural Formula: C4H9O[CH2CH(CH3)O]2H
Linear Formula: C10H22O3



SYNONYMS:
DPNB, Dipropylene Glycol n-Butyl Ether, Dipropylene Glycol (Mono) Methyl Ether, 1-(2-Butoxy-1-methylethoxy)propan-2-ol, Dipropylene,
glycol butyl ether, Dipropylene glycol monobutyl, ether, Glycol ether dpnb, Propanol, 1(or2)-(2-butoxymethylethoxy)-, (Butoxypropoxy)propanol, Acrosolv DpnB, Arcosolv DPNB, Butyl Dipropasol, Dalpad D, Dipropylene glycolmonobutyl ether, Dipropyleneglycol butyl ether, Dowanol DPnB, Dovanol DPnB, Dipropylene glycol n-Butyl ether, Dipropylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, DPNB, dipropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, 1-(2-Butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-2-propanol, DOWANOL(TM) DPNB, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)-propan-2-ol, dowanol54b, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, ARCOSOLV(R) DPNB, butyldipropasolsolvent, dipropylene glycol N-butyl ether, di(propylene, Solvenon DPnB, BUTYL PROPASOL, dowanol dpnb, 1-(2-Butoxy-1-methyl-aethoxy)-propan-2-ol, DOWANOL(R) DPnB, 1-(2-Butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-2-propanol, Dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, Dipropylenglykolmonobutylether, Dowanol DPnB, Solvenon® DPnB, Di (Propylene Glycol) Butylether, DPNB Glycol Ether, SOLVENON DPNB, SOLVENON PNB, Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether 98.5%, Nonionic surfactant, polypropylene glycol, Butoxypolypropylene glycol, Butoxy polypropylenglycol, Ucon Lubricant LB-385, Butyl dipropasol solvent, Dipropylene glycol butoxy ether, Dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, Dowanol 54B, 1-(2-Butoxy-1-methylethoxy)propan-2-ol, 2-Propanol, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-, 1-(1-Methyl-2-butoxy-ethoxy)-2-propanol, n-Butoxy-methylethoxy-propanol, n-Butoxy-propoxy-propanol, DPGnBE, Dipropylene glycol-n-butyl ether, Dowanol DPnB, DPnB, DPGBE, Dipropylene glycol (mono) n-butyl ether, DOWANOL DPNB glycol ether, 2-Propanol, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methoxy)-, Dipropylene glycol, butyl ether, Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, Dowanol DPnB, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)propan-2-ol, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-2-propanol, ARCOSOLV(R) DPNB, BUTYL PROPASOL, DI(PROPYLENE GLYCOL) BUTYL ETHER, DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER, Dipropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL NORMAL BUTYL ETHER, DOWANOL(TM) DPNB, DPNB, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-2-propano, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-2-Propanol, butyldipropasolsolvent, di(propylene, dipropyleneglycolbutoxyether, dowanol54b, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)propan-2-ol, DI(PROPYLENE GLYCOL) BUTYL ETHER, 99%, M IXTURE OF ISOMERS, DI(PROPYLENE GLYCOL) BUTYL ETHER, 98.5+% , MIXTURE OF ISOMERS (DOWANOL DPNB), 2-Propanol,1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-, BUTYL PROPYLENE DIGLYCOL, 2-Propanol, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methoxy)-, Dipropylene glycol, butyl ether, Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, Dowanol DPnB, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)propan-2-ol, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-2-propanol



(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a slow evaporating hydrophobic glycol ether with surface tension reducing and coalescing properties.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a relatively slow-evaporating solvent that is one of the most effective coalescents in water-based latex systems.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor, slow evaporation rate.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is insoluble in water.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether helps to condense well, is an ideal solvent for removing oil and grease stains.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether evaporates slowly and does not mix well with water.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a propylene oxide-based, or P-series glycol ether, which appears as a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether's molecular formula is C10H22O3.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a colorless liquid.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether has an odor of ether.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a clear, colorless having a mild characteristic odor.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a slow evaporating glycol ether solvent from Dow Chemicals.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is based on dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether and provides an excellent balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a fast-evaporating, hydrophobic glycol ether with high solubility and excellent binding ability.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether acts as an active solvent for solvent-based coatings, effective coalescent for lowering minimum forming film temperature in water-borne latex coatings.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether possesses good coupling ability.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether offers very good solvency and good oil solubility.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether exhibits good evaporation rate control and low viscosity.



USES and APPLICATIONS of (DOWANOL DPnB) DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL n-BUTYL ETHER:
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is for specific use only in certain applications.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is not for use in cosmetics applied to the skin.
Coating: (Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether can be used as a coagulant for acrylic resin, styrene acrylic resin, vinyl polyacetate, and is one of the most effective film forming additives for many water-based coatings.


Other applications: (Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used Agricultural products, cosmetics, electronic inks, textiles.
As it is insoluble in water, (Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used in cleaning products.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used in perfumery in various essential oils.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used consumer use, Paint, Automotive Care, Metal processing, Detergentt.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used effective coalescent for lowering minimum film formation temperature MFFT) in water-borne latex coatings.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used active solvent for solvent-based coatings.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used chemical intermediate for the production of epoxides, acid ester derivatives, solvents, and plasticizers.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used effective solvent for water-reducible coatings.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used coupling agent and solvent in household and industrial cleaners, grease and paint removers, metal cleaners, and hard surface cleaners.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used effective coalescent for lowering minimum film formation temperature MFFT) in water-borne latex coatings.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used active solvent for solvent-based coatings.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used chemical intermediate for the production of epoxides, acid ester derivatives, solvents, and plasticizers.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used effective solvent for water-reducible coatings.


The principal end uses of (Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether are industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, printing inks, paints and coatings.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used coupling agent and solvent in household and industrial cleaners, grease and paint removers, metal cleaners, and hard surface cleaners.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used effective coupling agent and efficient solvent for water-reducible coatings.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used effective coalescent in water-borne latex coatings.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used active solvent for solvent-based coatings.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used chemical intermediate for the production of epoxides, acid ester derivatives, solvents, and plasticizers.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used Water Treatment Chemicals; Textile Auxiliary Agents; Coating Auxiliary Agents; Plastic Auxiliary Agents; Petroleum Additives; Surfactants; Rubber Auxiliary Agents; Electronics Chemicals; Paper Chemicals; Leather Auxiliary Agents.


Used alone in cold metal cleaning, (Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a good solvent for removing oils and greases.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used in surface coatings, leather, pesticides, electrical, industrial cleaners, resins, and printing inks.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used as a coupling agent (degreasers, paint removers, metal cleaners, and hard surface cleaners), coalescent (latex coatings), solvent (water-reducible coatings), and chemical intermediate (epoxides, acid ester derivatives, solvents, and plasticizers)
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used household and industrial cleaners, grease and paint removers, metal cleaners, and hard surface cleaners.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used Adhesives & Sealants, Coupling agent, Household, Industrial & Institutional Chemicals, Inks & Digital Inks, Organic Intermediates, Personal Care & Cosmetics, Plastic, Resin & Rubber, Solvents & Degreasers, Surface Coatings, Textile Auxiliaries, Coatings, Polymers, Solvents


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used water and solvent-based coatings.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used epoxides, acid ester derivatives, solvents, and plasticizers.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used in the following products: coating products, anti-freeze products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), lubricants and greases, polishes and waxes and washing & cleaning products.


Other release to the environment of (Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used in the following products: fuels and coating products.


Other release to the environment of (Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use as processing aid.
Release to the environment of (Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ethercan occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used in the following products: coating products, metals, plant protection products, polishes and waxes, adhesives and sealants, metal working fluids and washing & cleaning products.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used in the following areas: offshore mining.


(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, food products, fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of (Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and manufacturing of the substance.


Release to the environment of (Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and in processing aids at industrial sites.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is used in latex coatings.


-Cleaning agents uses of (Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether:
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is suitable for cleaning agents, especially in systems requiring very low volatilization rates, such as wax removers and floor cleaners.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a good coupling agent for grease and grease, and can be used as paint remover and animal fat remover.


-(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a fast evaporating type of glycol.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is suitable for formulas that need to dry quickly, such as nail polish that is free of acetone.



PROPERTIES OF (DOWANOL DPnB) DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL n-BUTYL ETHER:
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a slow-evaporating, hydrophobic glycol ether with excellent surface tension-lowering ability and coalescing properties.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is a relatively slow-evaporating solvent which is one of our most efficient coalescents in water-borne latex systems.

(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether combines a number of properties that contribute to very high latex film quality:
1) high polymer plasticizing efficiency,
2) large molecular size and therefore greater polymer mobility contribution,
3) strong partitioning to the polymer phase, and
4) relatively slow evaporation rate.

(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether is compatible with many different resin types.
(Dowanol DPnB) Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether also provides excellent surface tension lowering ability, and is useful in cleaning products by itself or when blended with other products such as (Dowanol DPnB) DPM glycol ether.



INDUSTRIES OF (DOWANOL DPnB) DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL n-BUTYL ETHER:
*Adhesives
*Agriculture
*Building & Construction
*Care Chemicals
*Coatings
*Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul
*Metal Processing & Fabrication



TYPE OF (DOWANOL DPnB) DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL n-BUTYL ETHER:
*Crosslinking / Coupling / Curing Agents
*Film Forming / Coalescing Agents
*Solvents > Glycols & Glycol Ethers > Propylene Glycols



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of (DOWANOL DPnB) DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL n-BUTYL ETHER:
IUPAC Name: 1-(1-butoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol
Molecular Weight: 190.28 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C10H22O3
Canonical SMILES: CCCCOCC(C)OCC(C)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H22O3/c1-4-5-6-12-8-10(3)13-7-9(2)11/h9-11H,4-8H2,1-3H3
InChI Key: CUVLMZNMSPJDON-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: >200 °C; 230 °C
Melting Point: None; turns to glass at -43 °C
Flash Point: APPROX 425 DEG (Open Cup); 111 °C c.c.
Density: 0.973-0.990; Relative density (water = 1): 0.91
Solubility: 0.24 M; In water, 1X10+3 mg/L at 30 °C; Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 5
Autoignition Temperature: 194 °C
Color/Form: Colorless liquid

Complexity: 106
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Decomposition: When heated to decomp it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
EC Number: 249-951-5; 500-003-1
Exact Mass: 190.156895 g/mol
Formal Charge: 0
H-Bond Acceptor: 3
H-Bond Donor: 1
Heavy Atom Count: 13
ICSC Number: 1617
LogP: 1.5
Monoisotopic Mass: 190.156895 g/mol
Refractive Index: Index of refraction: 1.4400 at 20 °C/D
Rotatable Bond Count: 8

RTECS Number: UA8200000
Vapor Density: Relative vapor density (air = 1): 6.6
Vapor Pressure: 0.001 mm Hg at 30 °C; Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 6
Viscosity: 20 cSt at 20 °C /340 approximate molecular weight/
XLogP3: 1.4
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 222 - 232 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 96 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 0.913 g/cm³ at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Weight 190.3 g/mol
Empirical Formula C10H22O3

Appearance: Colorless
Freezing Point <-75°C (<-103°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup 100°C (212°F)
Boiling Point @ 760mmHg 230°C (446°F)
Autoignition Temperature 189°C (372°F)
Density @ 20°C 0.91 kg/l 7.59 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure @ 20°C Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1) 0.006
Solubility @ 20°C (in Water) 4.5 wt%
Refractive Index @ 25°C 42
Viscosity @ 25°C 4.9 cP
Surface Tension @ 25°C 28.4 mN/m
Lower Flammability in Air 0.6% v/v
Upper Flammability in Air 20% v/v
Specific Heat @ 25°C 1.79 J/g/°C

Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point 252 J/g
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C 30.8 kJ/g
Boiling Point @ 760 mmHg, 1.01 ar
Flash Point (Setaflash Closed Cup Freezing Point
Vapor pressure @ 20°C — extrapolated
Specific gravity (25/25°C)
Liquid Density @ 20°C @ 25°C
Vapor Density (air = 1)
Viscosity (mm2/s @ 25°C)
Surface tension (dynes/cm or mN/m @ 20°C)
Specific heat (J/g/°C @ 25°C)
Appearance colorless liquid
Boiling point, °C At 760 mm Hg. Art. 230
Flash point, °C 100.4

Specific gravity, at 25 °C 0.910
Viscosity, MPa-s at 25 °C 4.9
Surface tension, dynes/cm at 25 °C 28.4
Auto-ignition temperature, °C 194
Vapor pressure, mmHg Art. at 20 °C 0.04
Evaporation rate (n-BuAc=100) 0.6
Molecular weight, g/mol 190.3
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.91300 @ 25.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 261.65 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.002000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 205.00 °F. TCC ( 96.11 °C. )
logP (o/w): 1.306 (est)
Soluble in: water, 1.727e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)



FIRST AID MEASURES of (DOWANOL DPnB) DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL n-BUTYL ETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of (DOWANOL DPnB) DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL n-BUTYL ETHER:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of (DOWANOL DPnB) DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL n-BUTYL ETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of (DOWANOL DPnB) DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL n-BUTYL ETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
not required
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of (DOWANOL DPnB) DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL n-BUTYL ETHER:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of (DOWANOL DPnB) DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL n-BUTYL ETHER:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

DESCRIPTION:

(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate (also known as glycol methacrylate) is the organic compound with the chemical formula H2C\dC(CH3)CO2CH2CH2OH.
(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate is a colorless viscous liquid that readily polymerizes.
(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate is a monomer that is used to make various polymers.

CAS Number: 868-77-9
EC Number 212-782-2
Molecular Weight: 130.14
Linear Formula: CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CH2OH


SYNONYM(S) OF (HYDROXYETHYL)METHACRYLATE:
1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methylpropenoate), Glycol methacrylate, HEMA,HEMA; hydroxyethylmethacrylate; glycol methacrylate; glycol monomethacrylate; hydroxyethyl methacrylate; ethylene glycol methacrylate; 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanol,2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate,glycol methacrylate,HEMA,Historesin,hydroxyethyl methacrylate,2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE,868-77-9,Glycol methacrylate,Hydroxyethyl methacrylate,HEMA,Glycol monomethacrylate,Ethylene glycol methacrylate,2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate,2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethanol,2-hydroxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate,Mhoromer,Methacrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester,Monomer MG-1,Ethylene glycol monomethacrylate,(hydroxyethyl)methacrylate,beta-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate,NSC 24180,2-Hydroxyethyl methylacrylate,2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-hydroxyethyl ester,PHEMA,CCRIS 6879,CHEBI:34288,Ethylene glycol, monomethacrylate,HSDB 5442,12676-48-1,EINECS 212-782-2,UNII-6E1I4IV47V,BRN 1071583,Monomethacrylic ether of ethylene glycol,6E1I4IV47V,DTXSID7022128,PEG-MA,1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methyl)-2-propenoate,NSC-24180,2-hydroxyethylmethylacrylate,ethyleneglycol monomethacrylate,DTXCID202128,.beta.-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate,2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (hema),EC 212-782-2,4-02-00-01530 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),NSC24180,2-(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate,MFCD00002863,MFCD00081879,2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (stabilized with MEHQ),Bisomer HEMA,2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate,ophthalmic grade,hydroxyethylmethacrylate,1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methylpropenoate),hydroxyehtyl methacrylate,hydroxylethyl methacrylate,2-hydroxyetyl methacrylate,2-HEMA,Epitope ID:117123,2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate,2-hydroxyethyl(methacrylate),SCHEMBL14886,WLN: Q2OVY1&U1,2-methacryloyloxyethyl alcohol,BIDD:ER0648,CHEMBL1730239,CHEBI:53709,2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 98%,2-Hydroxyethyl 2-methylacrylate #,Tox21_200415,AKOS015899920,Methacrylic,Acid 2-Hydroxyethyl Ester,CS-W013439,DS-9647,HY-W012723,NCGC00166101-01,NCGC00166101-02,NCGC00257969-01,CAS-868-77-9,PD167321,SY279104,2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE [HSDB],2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate,low acid grade,1,2-Ethanediol, mono(2-methyl)-2-propenyl,2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE [WHO-DD],M0085,NS00008941,EN300-98188,D70640,2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(hema),technical grade,2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester,Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(5.9cp(30 degrees c)),2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-,2-hydroxiethyl ester,A904584,Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(>200cp(25 degrees c)),Q424799,2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, (stabilized with MEHQ),J-509674,2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, Stabilized with 250 ppm MEHQ,2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, embedding medium (for microscopy),InChI=1/C6H10O3/c1-5(2)6(8)9-4-3-7/h7H,1,3-4H2,2H,2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, >=99%, contains <=50 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor,2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, contains <=250 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor, 97%


(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate, Normal Grade, in the form of a colorless, clear liquid, is an industrial solvent that can be used in automotive coatings and primers.
Because of its vinyl double bond, this product can copolymerize with other monomers to produce copolymers with hydroxy groups.


(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate is an enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.
(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate has a role as a polymerisation monomer and an allergen.
(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate is functionally related to an ethylene glycol and a methacrylic acid.


(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate is a hydroxyester compound and a resin monomer used in desensitizing dentin.
By applying 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate locally to sensitive teeth, sensitive areas in the teeth get sealed and block the dentinal tubules at the dentin surface from stimuli that cause pain.
This prevents excitation of the tooth nerve and relieves pain caused by tooth hypersensitivity.




(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate is an ester of Methacrylic acid and is used as a raw material component in the synthesis of polymers.
(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate forms a homopolymer and copolymers.
Copolymers of (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate can be prepared with (meth)acrylic acid and its salts, amides, and esters, as well as (meth)acrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, and other monomers.

(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate, easily entering into the reaction of accession with a wide range of organic and inorganic substances, is used for the synthesis of organic low molecular weight substances.



Clear colorless, easily flowable liquid monomer with a pungent, sweet odor.
(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate comprises of a polymerizable methacrylate functional group in one end and a reactive hydroxyl group at the other end.
(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate easily dissolves in water and has relatively low volatility.

(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate copolymerizes readily with a wide variety of monomers, and the added hydroxyl groups improve adhesion to surfaces, incorporate cross-link sites, and impart corrosion, fogging, and abrasion resistance as well as contribute to low odor, color, and volatility.





SYNTHESIS OF (HYDROXYETHYL)METHACRYLATE:
Hydroxyethylmethacrylate was first synthesized around 1925.
Common methods of synthesis are:[5]
reaction of methacrylic acid with ethylene oxide;
esterification of methacrylic acid with a large excess of ethylene glycol.

Both these methods give also some amount of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
During polymerization of hydroxyethylmethacrylate, it works as crosslinking agent.[5]


PROPERTIES OF (HYDROXYETHYL)METHACRYLATE:
Hydroxyethylmethacrylate is completely miscible with water and ethanol, but its polymer is practically insoluble in common solvents.
Its viscosity is 0.0701 Pa⋅s at 20°C[6] and 0.005 Pa⋅s at 30°C.[3]
During polymerization, it shrinks by approximately 6%.[6]


APPLICATIONS OF (HYDROXYETHYL)METHACRYLATE:
Contact lenses[edit]
In 1960, O. Wichterle and D. Lím[7] described its use in synthesis of hydrophilic crosslinked networks, and these results had great importance for manufacture of soft contact lenses.

Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate is hydrophilic: it is capable of absorbing from 10 to 600% water relative to the dry weight.
Because of this property, it was one of the first materials to be used in the manufacture of soft contact lenses.

Use in 3D printing
Hydroxyethylmethacrylate lends itself well to applications in 3D printing as it cures quickly at room temperature when exposed to UV light in the presence of photoinitiators.
It may be used as a monomeric matrix in which 40nm silica particles are suspended for 3D glass printing.[9]
When combined with a suitable blowing agent such as BOC anhydride it forms a foaming resin which expands when heated.[10]

Other
In electron microscopy, later in light microscopy, hydroxyethylmethacrylate serves as an embedding medium.
When treated with polyisocyanates, polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate makes a crosslinked polymer, an acrylic resin, that is a useful component in some paints.


FEATURES & BENEFITS OF (HYDROXYETHYL)METHACRYLATE
Chemical resistance
Hydraulic stability
Flexibility
Impact resistance
Adhesion
Weatherability


APPLICATIONS AREAS:
(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate is used in the preparation of solid polymers, acrylic dispersions, and polymer solutions, which are used in various industries.

(Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate is applied in the production of:
Coating Resins
Automotive coatings
Architectural coatings
Paper coatings
Industrial coatings
Plastics
Hygiene products
Adhesives & Sealants
Textile finishes
Printing inks
Contact lens
Modifiers
Photosensitive materials
Additives for oil production and transportation








CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF (HYDROXYETHYL)METHACRYLATE:
Chemical formula C6H10O3
Molar mass 130.143 g•mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Density 1.07 g/cm3
Melting point −99 °C (−146 °F; 174 K)[2]
Boiling point 213 °C (415 °F; 486 K)[2]
Solubility in water miscible
log P 0.50[1]
Vapor pressure 0.08 hPa
Molecular Weight
130.14 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3
0.5
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
3
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
4
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
130.062994177 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
130.062994177 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
46.5Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
9
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
118
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
CAS number 868-77-9
EC index number 607-124-00-X
EC number 212-782-2
Hill Formula C₆H₁₀O₃
Chemical formula CH₂=C(CH₃)COOCH₂CH₂OH
Molar Mass 130.14 g/mol
HS Code 2916 14 00
Assay (GC, area%) ≥ 97.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 1.069 - 1.072
Identity (IR) passes test
Molecular Weight 130
Appearance Colorless transparent liquid
Odor Aromatic odor
Refractive Index (25℃) 1.451
Boiling Point (℃ 760mmHg) 205
Freezing Point (℃ 760mmHg) -12
Flash Point (℃) 107 (Cleveland open-cup flash test)
Viscosity (CP 25℃) 6.1
Solubility Readily soluble in water
Stability&
Reactivity Polymerize under sunlight and heat
Chemical Properties:
Purity
min. 98.0 %
Acid Value
max. 1.0 %
Water content
max. 0.3 %
Color APHA
max. 30
Physical Properties:
Appearance
colorless
Physical form
Liquid
Odor
Aromatic
Molecular weight
130.14 g/mol
Polymer Tg
Tg 25 °C
Tg
- 6 °C
Density
1.073 g/mL at 25°C
Boiling Point
211 °C
Freezing Point
- 12 °C
Flash point
96 °C
Melting Point
- 60 °C
Viscosity
6.8 (mPa.s) at 20 °C
Vapor Point
0.065 hPa
pH
4 (500 g/l in water)
Alternative names:
1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methylpropenoate); Glycol methacrylate; HEMA
Application:
2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate is wide applications for drug delivery
CAS number :
868-77-9
Purity :
97%
Molecular weight :
130.14
Molecular Formula :
C 6 H 10 O 3


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT (HYDROXYETHYL)METHACRYLATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is nearly odorless (sometimes a faint, acrid odor) with a tart, acidic taste.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is nonpungent.
May be prepared by hydration of (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid); by fermentation from sugars.

CAS: 97-67-6
MF: C4H6O5
MW: 134.09
EINECS: 202-601-5

Synonyms
L-(-)-Malic acid, CP;Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-;pinguosuan;Butanedioicacid,hydroxy-,(S)-;hydroxy-,(S)-Butanedioicacid;l-(ii)-malicacid;L-Gydroxybutanedioicacid;L-Mailcacid;97-67-6;L-Malic acid;L-(-)-Malic acid;(S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid;(2S)-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid;(S)-Malic acid;L(-)-Malic acid;(-)-Malic acid;L-Apple acid;L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid;Apple acid;(-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid;L-malate;S-(-)-Malic acid;S-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid;Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, (2S)-;Malic acid, L-;L-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid;CHEBI:30797;(-)-L-Malic acid;(S)-malate;MFCD00064213;Malic acid L-(-)-form;Hydroxysuccinnic acid (-);L-Hydroxysuccinic acid;J3TZF807X5;(S)-(-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid;CHEMBL1234046;NSC9232;(S)-(-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid;NSC-9232;NSC 9232;Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-;(S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid;(-)-(S)-Malic acid;Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (-)-;UNII-J3TZF807X5;malic-acid;Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (S)-;2yfa;4elc;4ipi;4ipj;L-Hydroxysuccinate;2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (S)-;(2s)-malic acid;EINECS 202-601-5;L-Hydroxybutanedioate;nchembio867-comp7;L-(-) malic acid;(-)-Hydroxysuccinate;L-(-)-Apple Acid;S-(-)-Malate;(S)-Hydroxybutanedioate;S-2-Hydroxybutanedioate;(-)-(S)-Malate;(S)-(-)-malic acid;(S)-hydroxy-Butanedioate;(S)-Hydroxysuccinic acid;L(-)MALIC ACID;(S)-2-hydroxysuccinicacid;bmse000238;MALIC ACID [HSDB];MALIC ACID, (L);(S)-(-)-Hydroxysuccinate;L-MALIC ACID [FHFI];(S)-hydroxy-Butanedioic acid;SCHEMBL256122;L-MALIC ACID [WHO-DD];MALIC ACID, L- [II];(-)-(s)-hydroxybutanedioic acid;DTXSID30273987;(2S)-(-)-hydroxybutanedioic acid;AMY40197;HY-Y1069;BDBM50510127;s6292;AKOS006346693;CS-W020132;MALIC ACID L-(-)-FORM [MI];L-(-)-Malic acid, BioXtra, >=95%;AS-18628;L-(-)-Malic acid, >=95% (titration);(S)-E 296
;(-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid;M0022;NS00068391;EN300-93424;C00149;L-(-)-Malic acid, purum, >=99.0% (T);L-(-)-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%;M-0850;35F9ECA9-BBE6-463D-BF3F-275FACC5D14E;L-(-)-Malic acid, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%;L-(-)-Malic acid, Vetec(TM)reagent grade, 97%;Q27104150;Z1201618618;(S)-(-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid, L-Hydroxybutanedioic acid;L-(-)-Malic acid, 97%, optical purity ee: 99% (GLC);L-(-)-Malic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R);L-(-)-Malic acid, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture;26999-59-7

An optically active form of (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) having (S)-configuration.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is an organic acid that is commonly found in wine.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) plays an important role in wine microbiological stability.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is an organic compound with the molecular formula HO2CCH(OH)CH2CO2H.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally.
The salts and esters of (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) are known as malates.
The malate anion is a metabolic intermediate in the citric acid cycle.

Biochemistry
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is the naturally occurring form, whereas a mixture of L- and D-malic acid is produced synthetically.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) plays an important role in biochemistry.
In the C4 carbon fixation process, malate is a source of CO2 in the Calvin cycle.
In the citric acid cycle, (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is an intermediate, formed by the addition of an -OH group on the si face of fumarate.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) can also be formed from pyruvate via anaplerotic reactions.

(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is also synthesized by the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate in the guard cells of plant leaves.
Malate, as a double anion, often accompanies potassium cations during the uptake of solutes into the guard cells in order to maintain electrical balance in the cell.
The accumulation of these solutes within the guard cell decreases the solute potential, allowing water to enter the cell and promote aperture of the stomata.

(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 101-103 °C (lit.)
Alpha: -2 º (c=8.5, H2O)
Boiling point: 167.16°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.60
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
FEMA: 2655 | L-MALIC ACID
Refractive index: -6.5 ° (C=10, Acetone)
Fp: 220 °C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility H2O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Form: Powder
Color: White
Specific Gravity: 1.595 (20/4℃)
Odor: odorless
PH: 2.2 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
pka: (1) 3.46, (2) 5.10(at 25℃)
Odor Type: odorless
Optical activity: [α]20/D 30±2°, c = 5.5% in pyridine
Water Solubility: soluble
Merck: 14,5707
JECFA Number: 619
BRN: 1723541
InChIKey: BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N
LogP: -1.68
CAS DataBase Reference: 97-67-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) (97-67-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid)(97-67-6)

(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is nearly odorless (sometimes a faint, acrid odor).
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) has a tart, acidic, nonpungent taste.

Uses
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is used as a food additive, Selective α-amino protecting reagent for amino acid derivatives.
Versatile synthon for the preparation of chiral compounds including κ-opioid receptor agonists, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogue, and phoslactomycin B.
The naturally occuring isomer is the L-form which has been found in apples and many other fruits and plants.
Selective α-amino protecting reagent for amino acid derivatives.
Versatile synthon for the preparation of chiral compounds including κ-opioid rece
Intermediate in chemical synthesis.
Chelating and buffering agent.
Flavoring agent, flavor enhancer and acidulant in foods.

(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) contains natural emollient ingredients, which can remove wrinkles on the skin surface, make the skin become tender and white, smooth and elastic, so in the cosmetic formula favored; L-malic acid can be formulated a variety of flavors, spices, for a variety of daily chemical products, such as toothpaste, shampoo, etc; (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is used abroad to replace citric acid as a new type of detergent additive for the synthesis of high-grade special detergents.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) can be used in pharmaceutical preparations, tablets, syrup, can also be mixed into the amino acid solution, can significantly improve the absorption rate of amino acids; (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) can be used for the treatment of liver disease, anemia, low immunity, uremia, hypertension, liver failure and other diseases, and can reduce the toxic effect of anticancer drugs on normal cells; Can also be used for the preparation and synthesis of insect repellents, anti-Tartar agents.
In addition, (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) can also be used as industrial cleaning agent, resin curing agent, synthetic material plasticizer, feed additive, etc.

In food
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) was first isolated from apple juice by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1785.
Antoine Lavoisier in 1787 proposed the name acide malique, which is derived from the Latin word for apple, mālum—as is its genus name Malus.
In German (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is named Äpfelsäure (or Apfelsäure) after plural or singular of a sour thing from the apple fruit, but the salt(s) are called Malat(e).
Malic acid is the main acid in many fruits, including apricots, blackberries, blueberries, cherries, grapes, mirabelles, peaches, pears, plums, and quince,and is present in lower concentrations in other fruits, such as citrus.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) contributes to the sourness of unripe apples.
Sour apples contain high proportions of the acid.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is present in grapes and in most wines with concentrations sometimes as high as 5 g/L.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) confers a tart taste to wine; the amount decreases with increasing fruit ripeness.
The taste of (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is very clear and pure in rhubarb, a plant for which it is the primary flavor.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is also the compound responsible for the tart flavor of sumac spice.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is also a component of some artificial vinegar flavors, such as "salt and vinegar" flavored potato chips.

The process of malolactic fermentation converts malic acid to much milder lactic acid.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) occurs naturally in all fruits and many vegetables, and is generated in fruit metabolism.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid), when added to food products, is denoted by E number E296.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is sometimes used with or in place of the less sour citric acid in sour sweets.
These sweets are sometimes labeled with a warning stating that excessive consumption can cause irritation of the mouth.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, US and Australia and New Zealand(where it is listed by its INS number 296).
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) contains 10 kJ (2.39 kilocalories) of energy per gram.

Production and main reactions
Racemic (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is produced industrially by the double hydration of maleic anhydride.
In 2000, American production capacity was 5,000 tons per year.
The enantiomers may be separated by chiral resolution of the racemic mixture.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is obtained by fermentation of fumaric acid.
Self-condensation of malic acid in the presence of fuming sulfuric acid gives the pyrone coumalic acid:

2 HO2CCH(OH)CH2CO2H → HO2CC4H3O2 + 2 CO + 4 H2O
Carbon monoxide and water are liberated during this reaction.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) was important in the discovery of the Walden inversion and the Walden cycle, in which (−)-malic acid first is converted into (+)-chlorosuccinic acid by action of phosphorus pentachloride.
Wet silver oxide then converts the chlorine compound to (+)-malic acid, which then reacts with PCl5 to the (−)-chlorosuccinic acid.
The cycle is completed when silver oxide takes this compound back to (−)-malic acid.
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is used to resolve α-phenylethylamine, a versatile resolving agent in its own right.

Preparation
(1) a mixed solution of L-malate and fumarate was prepared according to the cell transformation method of the prior art (DE3310849).
The aspergilus wentii strain isolated from soil was treated with sugar 30g/L, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 3G/L, ammonium sulfate 2G/L, potassium chloride 2G/L, magnesium sulfate 1g/L, the cells were cultured in a culture medium containing 5g/L of sodium fumarate for 48 hours and separated by filtration.
Prepare 2% carrageenan solution at 60-70 ℃, and add the separated cells at 10%(w/w) when cooling to 50 ℃, stir evenly and then pour into a plate to solidify, 5mm X 5mm X 5mm immobilized cells were prepared.
A glass column of 8cm x 60cm was then loaded.

A 1.4m sodium fumarate solution was passed through the immobilized cell column at a rate of 1000mL/h to obtain a mixed solution of L-malate and fumarate.
(2) take 1000ml of the mixture obtained in step (1), which contains 186g of sodium L-malate and 56g of sodium fumarate.
The solution was heated to 60 °c, and G (molar ratio 1.05: 1) of fumaric acid was added with stirring.
The reaction was stirred for 3.5 hours, PH = 3.2, cooled to 15~20 °c, filtered, the filter cake was washed with a small amount of water and then neutralized with NaOH to PH = 7-8 for cell transformation.

The resulting filtrate was 980ML and contained 40g of monosodium fumarate.
Heat to 85 °c, pass through ml 001x7 strong acid cation exchange column (diameter 6cm, height 60cm), collect the eluent and concentrate (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) under reduced pressure, when L-malic acid concentration is increased to 40%, after cooling to 10-15 °c, fumaric acid was recovered by filtration.
The filtrate is further concentrated under reduced pressure to a (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) concentration of 80-82%, cooled to 15 ° C.
To crystallize 91gL-malic acid.
The mother liquor contains 46gL-malic acid, and the mother liquor can be recycled.
The yield of (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) corresponds to 97%.

Purification Methods
Crystallise (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) from ethyl acetate/pet ether (b 55-56o), keeping the temperature below 65o.
Or dissolve it by refluxing in fifteen parts of anhydrous diethyl ether, decant, concentrate to one-third volume and crystallise (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) at 0o, repeatedly to constant melting point.

Triethyl(amine) (formula: C6H15N), also known as N, N-diethylethanamine, is the most simple tri-substituted uniformly tertiary amine, having typical properties of tertiary amines, including salifying, oxidation, Hing Myers test (Hisberg reaction) for triethylamine does not respond.
Triethyl(amine) is colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid, with a strong smell of ammonia, slightly fuming in the air.
Boiling point: 89.5 ℃, relative density (water = 1): 0.70, the relative density (Air = 1): 3.48, slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether.

CAS: 121-44-8
MF: C6H15N
MW: 101.19
EINECS: 204-469-4

Synonyms
(C2H5)3N;(Diethylamino)ethane;ai3-15425;Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-;ethanamine,n,n-diethyl-;N,N,N-Triethylamine;N,N-Diethylethanamin;AKOS BBS-00004381;TRIETHYLAMINE;N,N-Diethylethanamine;121-44-8;(Diethylamino)ethane;Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-;triethyl amine;Triaethylamin;Triethylamin;Trietilamina;N,N,N-Triethylamine;NEt3;trietylamine;tri-ethyl amine;(C2H5)3N;MFCD00009051;N,N-diethyl-ethanamine;VOU728O6AY;DTXSID3024366;CHEBI:35026;Diethylaminoethane;Triethylamine, >=99.5%;Triaethylamin [German];Trietilamina [Italian];CCRIS 4881;HSDB 896;Et3N;TEN [Base];EINECS 204-469-4;UN1296;UNII-VOU728O6AY;N, N-diethylethanamine;N,N,N-Triethylamine #;triethylamine, 99.5%;Triethylamine, >=99%;Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid];TRIETHYLAMINE [MI];EC 204-469-4;N(Et)3;NCIOpen2_006503;TRIETHYLAMINE [FHFI];TRIETHYLAMINE [HSDB];TRIETHYLAMINE [INCI];BIDD:ER0331;Triethylamine, LR, >=99%;TRIETHYLAMINE [USP-RS];(CH3CH2)3N;CHEMBL284057;DTXCID204366;N(CH2CH3)3;FEMA NO. 4246;Triethylamine, HPLC, 99.6%;Triethylamine, p.a., 99.0%;Triethylamine, analytical standard;BCP07310;N(C2H5)3;Triethylamine, for synthesis, 99%;Tox21_200873;Triethylamine, 99.7%, extra pure;AKOS000119998;Triethylamine, purum, >=99% (GC);Triethylamine, ZerO2(TM), >=99%;UN 1296;NCGC00248857-01;NCGC00258427-01;CAS-121-44-8;Triethylamine, BioUltra, >=99.5% (GC);Triethylamine, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%;FT-0688146;T0424;Triethylamine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile;EN300-35419;Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid];Triethylamine, trace metals grade, 99.99%;Triethylamine, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%;Triethylamine, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC);Q139199;J-004499;J-525077;F0001-0344;Triethylamine, for amino acid analysis, >=99.5% (GC);InChI=1/C6H15N/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H;Triethylamine, for protein sequence analysis, ampule, >=99.5% (GC);Triethylamine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

Aqueous solution is alkaline, flammable.
Vapor and air can form explosive mixtures, the explosion limit is 1.2% to 8.0%.
Triethyl(amine) is toxic, with a strong irritant.
Triethyl(amine) is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an ethyl group.
Triethyl(amine) appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor. Flash point 20°F.
Vapors irritate the eyes and mucous membranes.
Less dense (6.1 lb / gal) than water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned.

Triethyl(amine) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -115 °C
Boiling point: 90 °C
Density: 0.728
Vapor density: 3.5 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 51.75 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.401(lit.)
FEMA: 4246 | TRIETHYLAMINE
Fp: 20 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility water: soluble112g/L at 20°C
pka: 10.75(at 25℃)
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.725 (20/4℃)
Color: Clear
PH: 12.7 (100g/l, H2O, 15℃)(IUCLID)
Relative polarity: 1.8
Odor: Strong ammonia-like odor
Odor Type: fishy
Odor Threshold: 0.0054ppm
Explosive limit: 1.2-9.3%(V)
Water Solubility: 133 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,9666
JECFA Number: 1611
BRN: 1843166
Henry's Law Constant: 1.79 at 25 °C (Christie and Crisp, 1967)
Exposure limits NIOSH REL: IDLH 200 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 25 ppm (100 mg/m3); ACGIH TLV: TWA 1 ppm, STEL 3 ppm (adopted).
Dielectric constant: 5.0（Ambient）
Stability: Stable. Extremely flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air.
Note low flash point.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, ketones, aldehydes, halogenated hydrocarbons.
InChIKey: ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.65
CAS DataBase Reference: 121-44-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Triethyl(amine) (121-44-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Triethyl(amine) (121-44-8)

Triethyl(amine) is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor.
Triethyl(amine) is a base commonly used in organic chemistry to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Like other tertiary amines, Triethyl(amine) catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.

Physical properties
Clear, colorless to light yellow flammable liquid with a strong, penetrating, ammonia-like odor.
Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were An odor threshold concentration of 0.032 ppbv was determined by a triangular odor bag method.

Uses
Triethyl(amine) is a clear, colorless liquid with an Ammonia or fish-like odor.
Triethyl(amine) is used in making waterproofing agents, and as a catalyst, corrosion inhibitor and propellant.
Triethyl(amine) is mainly used as base, catalyst, solvent and raw material in organic synthesis and is generally abbreviated as Et3N, NEt3 or TEA.
Triethyl(amine) can be used to prepare phosgene polycarbonate catalyst, polymerization inhibitor of tetrafluoroethylene, rubber vulcanization accelerator, special solvent in paint remover, enamel anti-hardener, surfactant, antiseptic, wetting agent, bactericides, ion exchange resins, dyes, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, high-energy fuels, and liquid rocket propellants, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.

Triethyl(amine) is a base used to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides as well as in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Triethyl(amine) acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, dehydrohalogeantion reactions, acid neutralizers for condensation reactions and Swern oxidations.
Triethyl(amine) finds application in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.
Triethyl(amine) is also used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.
Furthermore, Triethyl(amine) is used in the automotive casting industry and the textile industry.

Triethyl(amine) is an aliphatic amine.
Triethyl(amine) is used to catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis; accelerator activators for rubber; wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium types; curing and hardening of polymers (e.g., corebinding resins); corrosion inhibitor; propellant.
Triethylamine has been used during the synthesis of:
Triethyl(amine) may be used as a homogeneous catalyst for the preparation of glycerol dicarbonate, via transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC).

Industrial Uses
Triethyl(amine) is used as an anti-livering agent for urea- and melamine-based enamels and in the recovery of gelled paint vehicles.
Triethyl(amine) is also used as a catalyst for polyurethane foams, a flux for copper soldering, and as a catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis.
Triethyl(amine) is used in accelerating activators for rubber; as a corrosion inhibitor for polymers; a propellant; wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agent of quaternary ammonium compounds; in curing and hardening of polymers (i.e. core-binding resins); and as a catalyst for epoxy resins.

Production
Triethyl(amine) is produced by ethanol and ammonia in the presence of hydrogen, in containing Cu-Ni-clay catalyst reactor under heating conditions (190 ± 2 ℃ and 165 ± 2 ℃) reaction.
The reaction also produces ethylamine and diethylamine, products were condensed and then absorption by ethanol spray to obtain crude triethylamine, through the final separation, dehydration and fractionation, pure triethylamine is obtained.

Triethyl(amine) is prepared by a vapor phase reaction of ammonia with ethanol or reaction of N,N-diethylacetamide with lithium aluminum hydride.
Triethyl(amine) may also be produced from ethyl chloride and ammonia under heat and pressure or by vapor phase alkylation of ammonia with ethanol.
U.S. production is estimated at greater than 22,000 tons in 1972.

Health Effects
Triethyl(amine) is a flammable liquid and a dangerous fire hazard.
Triethyl(amine) can affect you when inhaled and by passing through the skin.
Contact can severely irritate and bum the skin and eyes with possible eye damage.
Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose and throat.
Inhaling can irritate the lungs.
Higher exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical mergency.
Triethyl(amine) may cause a skin allergy and affect the liver and kidneys.

Reactivity Profile
Triethyl(amine) reacts violently with oxidizing agents.
Reacts with Al and Zn. Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Purification Methods
Dry Triethyl(amine) with CaSO4, LiAlH4, Linde type 4A molecular sieves, CaH2, KOH, or K2CO3, then distil it, either alone or from BaO, sodium, P2O5 or CaH2.
Triethyl(amine) has also been distilled from zinc dust, under nitrogen.
To remove traces of primary and secondary amines, Triethyl(amine) has been refluxed with acetic anhydride, benzoic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, then distilled, refluxed with CaH2 (ammonia-free) or KOH (or dried with activated alumina), and again distilled.
Another purification method involved refluxing for 2hours with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, then distilling.

Grovenstein and Williams treated Triethyl(amine) (500mL) with benzoyl chloride (30mL), filtered off the precipitate, and refluxed the liquid for 1hour with a further 30mL of benzoyl chloride.
After cooling, the liquid was filtered, distilled, and allowed to stand for several hours with KOH pellets.
Triethyl(amine) was then refluxed with, and distilled from, stirred molten potassium.
Triethyl(amine) has been converted to its hydrochloride (see brlow), crystallised from EtOH (to m 254o), then liberated with aqueous NaOH, dried with solid KOH and distilled from sodium under N2.

(Triethyl)amine is the chemical compound with the formula N(CH2CH3)3, commonly abbreviated Et3N.
Furthermore, (Triethyl)amine is also abbreviated TEA, yet this abbreviation must be used carefully to avoid confusion with triethanolamine or tetraethylammonium, for which TEA is also a common abbreviation.


CAS Number: 121-44-8
EC Number: 204-469-4
Chemical formula: C6H15N
Molar mass: 101.193 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid



APPLICATIONS


(Triethyl)amine is commonly employed in organic synthesis as a base.
For example, (Triethyl)amine is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Such reactions lead to the production of hydrogen chloride which combines with (Triethyl)amine to form the salt (Triethyl)amine hydrochloride, commonly called triethylammonium chloride.

Hydrogen chloride may then evaporate from the reaction mixture, which drives the reaction. (R, R' = alkyl, aryl):

R2NH + R'C(O)Cl + Et3N → R'C(O)NR2 + Et3NH+Cl−

Like other tertiary amines, (Triethyl)amine catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.
(Triethyl)amine is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations.

(Triethyl)amine is readily alkylated to give the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt:

RI + Et3N → Et3NR+I−

(Triethyl)amine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes.
Moreover, (Triethyl)amine is also a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.

(Triethyl)amine salts, like any other tertiary ammonium salts, are used as an ion-interaction reagent in ion interaction chromatography, due to their amphiphilic properties.
Unlike quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary ammonium salts are much more volatile, therefore mass spectrometry can be used while performing analysis.


Niche uses of (Triethyl)amine:

(Triethyl)amine is used to give salts of various carboxylic acid-containing pesticides, e.g. Triclopyr and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

Besides, (Triethyl)amine is the active ingredient in FlyNap, a product for anesthetizing Drosophila melanogaster.
(Triethyl)amine is used in mosquito and vector control labs to anesthetize mosquitoes.
This is done to preserve any viral material that might be present during species identification.

The bicarbonate salt of (Triethyl)amine (often abbreviated TEAB, triethylammonium bicarbonate) is useful in reverse phase chromatography, often in a gradient to purify nucleotides and other biomolecules.
(Triethyl)amine was found during the early 1940s to be hypergolic in combination with nitric acid, and was considered a possible propellant for early hypergolic rocket engines.
The Soviet "Scud" Missile used TG-02 ("Tonka-250"), a mixture of 50% xylidine and 50% triethlyamine as a starting fluid to ignite its rocket engine.


Natural occurrence of (Triethyl)amine:

Hawthorn flowers have a heavy, complicated scent, the distinctive part of which is (Triethyl)amine, which is also one of the first chemicals produced by a dead human body when it begins to decay.
Due to the scent , (Triethyl)amine is considered unlucky to bring hawthorn into a house.
Gangrene and semen are also said to possess a similar odour.


(Triethyl)amine has been used during the synthesis of:

5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine
3′-(2-cyanoethyl)diisopropylphosphoramidite-5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine
polyethylenimine600-β-cyclodextrin (PEI600-β-CyD)

(Triethyl)amine may be used as a homogeneous catalyst for the preparation of glycerol dicarbonate, via transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate.


Identified uses of (Triethyl)amine:

Laboratory chemicals
Manufacture of substances


(Triethyl)amine is used as a catalytic solvent in chemical syntheses; as an accelerator activator for rubber; as a corrosion inhibitor; as a curing and hardening agent for polymers; as a propellant; in the manufacture of wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium compounds; and for the desalination of seawater.


Some uses of (Triethyl)amine:

Products used to polish metal surfaces
Biocide
Emulsion stabilising
Flavouring
Adhesive and adhesive remover related products which do not fit into a more refined category
General purpose repair adhesives including all purpose glues, super glue, and epoxies; not including wood glues
Paint or stain related products that do not fit into a more refined category
Home improvement paints, excluding or not specified as oil-, solvent-, or water-based paints
Products used on wooden surfaces, including decks, to impart transparent or semitransparent color
Products for coating and protecting household surfaces other than glass, stone, or grout
Products used to control or kill unwanted plants


(Triethyl)amine is used as a catalyst for polyurethane foams, an accelerator for rubber, and a curing agent for amino and epoxy resins.
In addition, (Triethyl)amine is used as an accelerator in photography development.
(Triethyl)amine is used to make quaternary ammonium compounds and as a catalyst to make sand-based cores and molds.

(Triethyl)amine is a catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis; accelerator activators for rubber; wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium types; curing and hardening of polymers (e.g., core-binding resins); corrosion inhibitor; propellant.

More to that, (Triethyl)amine is catalyst for epoxy resins.
(Triethyl)amine is used in manufacture of dyestuffs.


Industry Uses of (Triethyl)amine:

Cleaning agent
Dispersing agent
Finishing agents
Intermediates
Pigment
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
pH regulating agent


(Triethyl)amine is used as a competing base for the separation of acidic basic and neutral drugs by reverse-phased high-performance liquid chromatography.
Further to that, (Triethyl)amine induces visual disturbances (such as foggy vision) in humans, and is also used in industry as a quenching agent in the ozonolysis of alkenes (e.g. (E)-2-Pentene [P227315]).

(Triethyl)amine is used in the purification of drugs which are pharmacologically or chemically similar through separation in reverse-phase HPLC.
Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency.

(Triethyl)amine is not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package.
Additionally, (Triethyl)amine is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.

(Triethyl)amine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes.
Furthermore, (Triethyl)amine acts as a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.

(Triethyl)amine is a base used to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides as well as in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Moreover, (Triethyl)amine acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, dehydrohalogeantion reactions, acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and Swern oxidations.

(Triethyl)amine finds application in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.
Besides, (Triethyl)amine is also used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.
Furthermore, (Triethyl)amine is used in automotive casting industry and textile industry.

(Triethyl)amine is used as a catalytic solvent in chemical syntheses; as an accelerator activator for rubber; as a corrosion inhibitor; as a curing and hardening agent for polymers; as a propellant; in the manufacture of wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium compounds; and for the desalination of seawater.


Applications of (Triethyl)amine:

Ag chem solvents
Agriculture intermediates
Aluminum production
Chemicals & petrochemicals
Electronic chemicals
Insecticides int
Intermediates
Mining
Pharmaceutical chemicals
Resins


(Triethyl)amine (TEA) belongs to the trialkylamine class.
In addition, (Triethyl)amine finds widespread use in chemical industry.


Use of (Triethyl)amine in Coatings:

(Triethyl)amine (TEA) is used as a neutralization agent for anionic stabilized waterborne resins (polyesters, alkyds, acrylic resins and polyurethanes containing carboxyl or other acidic groups).
More to that, (Triethyl)amine is also utilized as a catalyst in the curing of epoxy and polyurethane systems.


Other uses of (Triethyl)amine:

In synthesis, (Triethyl)amine is primarily used as a proton scavenger; however, it is also used in the production of Diethylhydroxylamine and other organic compounds.



DESCRIPTION


(Triethyl)amine is a base used to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides as well as in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Further to that, (Triethyl)amine acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, dehydrohalogeantion reactions, acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and Swern oxidations.
(Triethyl)amine finds application in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.

(Triethyl)amine is also used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.
Furthermore, (Triethyl)amine is used in automotive casting industry and textile industry.

(Triethyl)amine is a colourless volatile liquid with a strong fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia. Like diisopropylethylamine (Hünig's base), (Triethyl)amine is commonly employed in organic synthesis, usually as a base.


Synthesis and properties of (Triethyl)amine:

(Triethyl)amine is prepared by the alkylation of ammonia with ethanol:
NH3 + 3 C2H5OH → N(C2H5)3 + 3 H2O

The pKa of protonated (Triethyl)amine is 10.75, and it can be used to prepare buffer solutions at that pH.
The hydrochloride salt, (Triethyl)amine hydrochloride (triethylammonium chloride), is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic powder, which decomposes when heated to 261 °C.

(Triethyl)amine is soluble in water to the extent of 112.4 g/L at 20 °C.
Additionally, (Triethyl)amine is also miscible in common organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether.

Laboratory samples of (Triethyl)amine can be purified by distilling from calcium hydride.
In alkane solvents (Triethyl)amine is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids, such as I2 and phenols.
Owing to its steric bulk, (Triethyl)amine forms complexes with transition metals reluctantly.

(Triethyl)amine (TEA, Et3N) is an aliphatic amine.
Its addition to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices affords transparent liquid matrices with enhanced ability for spatial resolution during MALDI mass spectrometric (MS) imaging.

A head-space gas chromatography (GC) procedure for the determination of (Triethyl)amine in active pharmaceutical ingredients has been reported.
The viscosity coefficient of (Triethyl)amine vapor over a range of density and temperature has been measured.

(Triethyl)amine appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor.
Flash point of (Triethyl)amine is 20 °F.
Vapors of (Triethyl)amine irritate the eyes and mucous membranes.

(Triethyl)amine is less dense (6.1 lb / gal) than water.
Vapors of (Triethyl)amine are heavier than air.
(Triethyl)amine produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned.

(Triethyl)amine is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an ethyl group.
Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to (Triethyl)amine vapor causes eye irritation, corneal swelling, and halo vision.

(Triethyl)amine is a collorless liquid with a strong, ammonia-like odor.



PROPERTIES


vapor density: 3.5 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 51.75 mmHg ( 20 °C)
assay: ≥99.5%
form: liquid
autoignition temp.: 593 °F
expl. lim.: 8 %
impurities: ≤0.1% (Karl Fischer)
refractive index: n20/D 1.401 (lit.)
pH: 12.7 (15 °C, 100 g/L)
bp: 88.8 °C (lit.)
mp: −115 °C (lit.)
solubility: water: soluble 112 g/L at 20 °C
density: 0.726 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: room temp
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: amine-like
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point/range: -115 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 88,8 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 9,3 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,2 %(V)
Flash point: -11 °C - c.c.
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 12,7 at 100 g/l at 15 °C
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 0,36 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: 112,4 g/l at 20 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water
log Pow: 1,45 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 72 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,726 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Molecular Weight: 101.19
XLogP3: 1.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 101.120449483
Monoisotopic Mass: 101.120449483
Topological Polar Surface Area: 3.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 25.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID


Description of first-aid measures:
General advice:

First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.


After inhalation:

Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
If breathing stops: immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.


In case of skin contact:

Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.


In case of eye contact:

Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.


If swallowed:

Make victim drink water (two glasses at most), avoid vomiting (risk of perforation).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.


Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:

The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Precautions for safe handling:

Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.


Advice on protection against fire and explosion:

Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.


Hygiene measures:

Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.


Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.


Storage class:

Storage class (TRGS 510): 3: Flammable liquids


Specific end use(s):

Apart from the uses mentioned above, no other specific uses are stipulated.

Keep in a cool place.
Keep away from sources of ignition – No smoking.
In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

Do not empty into drains.
Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible).



SYNONYMS


(Triethyl)amine
N,N-Diethylethanamine
121-44-8
(Diethylamino)ethane
Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-
Triethylamin
triethyl amine
Triaethylamin
Trietilamina
N,N,N-(Triethyl)amine
NEt3
trietylamine
tri-ethyl amine
(C2H5)3N
MFCD00009051
N,N-diethyl-ethanamine
VOU728O6AY
CHEBI:35026
Diethylaminoethane
(Triethyl)amine, >=99.5%
Triaethylamin [German]
Trietilamina [Italian]
CCRIS 4881
HSDB 896
Et3N
TEN [Base]
EINECS 204-469-4
UN1296
UNII-VOU728O6AY
triehtylamine
triehylamine
trieihylamine
triethlyamine
triethyamine
(Triethyl)amine 100ML
triethylamme
triethylarnine
Thethylamine
Triethlamine
triethyIamine
Triethylannine
tri-ethylamine
triehyl amine
triethyl amin
triethylam ine
triethylami-ne
(Triethyl)amine-
trietyl amine
tri ethyl amine
triethyl- amine
AI3-15425
Green Tea 95%
N, N-diethylethanamine
Green Tea PE 50%
Green Tea PE 90%
N,N,N-(Triethyl)amine #
(Triethyl)amine, 99.5%
(Triethyl)amine, >=99%
(Triethyl)amine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid]
DSSTox_CID_4366
(Triethyl)amine [MI]
EC 204-469-4
N(Et)3
DSSTox_RID_77381
NCIOpen2_006503
(Triethyl)amine [FHFI]
(Triethyl)amine [HSDB]
(Triethyl)amine [INCI]
DSSTox_GSID_24366
BIDD:ER0331
(Triethyl)amine (Reagent Grade)
(Triethyl)amine, LR, >=99%
(Triethyl)amine [USP-RS]
(CH3CH2)3N
CHEMBL284057
N(CH2CH3)3
Green Tea Extract (50/30)
Green Tea Extract (90/40)
DTXSID3024366
FEMA NO. 4246
(Triethyl)amine, HPLC, 99.6%
(Triethyl)amine, p.a., 99.0%
Green Tea Extract 50% Material
(Triethyl)amine, analytical standard
ADAL1185352
BCP07310
N(C2H5)3
(Triethyl)amine, for synthesis, 99%
ZINC1242720
Tox21_200873
(Triethyl)amine, 99.7%, extra pure
GREEN TEA Powder & Powder Extract
STL282722
AKOS000119998
(Triethyl)amine, purum, >=99% (GC)
(Triethyl)amine, ZerO2(TM), >=99%
ZINC112977393
UN 1296
NCGC00248857-01
NCGC00258427-01
CAS-121-44-8
(Triethyl)amine, BioUltra, >=99.5% (GC)
(Triethyl)amine, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
FT-0688146
T0424
(Triethyl)amine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
EN300-35419
(Triethyl)amine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid]
(Triethyl)amine, trace metals grade, 99.99%
(Triethyl)amine, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%
(Triethyl)amine, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC)
Q139199
J-004499
J-525077
F0001-0344
(Triethyl)amine, for amino acid analysis, >=99.5% (GC)
(Triethyl)amine, for protein sequence analysis, ampule, >=99.5% (GC)
(Triethyl)amine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is also known as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA)
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a colorless liquid
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol has a mild odor.


CAS NUMBER: 20324-32-7

EC NUMBER: 243-733-3

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C7H16O3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 148.20 g/mol

IUPAC NAME: 1-(1-methoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol



1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is widely used in the electronics industry
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used as a solvent for photoresists

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used as a solvent, dispersant or diluent used in coating, ink, printing and dyeing, pesticide, cellulose, acrylate and other industries.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol can also be used as a fuel antifreeze, a cleaning agent, an extractant, a non-ferrous metal ore dressing agent, etc.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol can also be used as a raw material for organic synthesis.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol can be used in cleansing, smudge removal and masking.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is also used in the agricultural, cosmetic, and printing industries as a retarder for printing on textiles and polymer products with alcohol-soluble inks.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used Agro-chemicals

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used Printing Chemicals and Inks
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used as a solvent in paints, inks, nail polish removers, and cleaning agents.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol can be used as well as in the production of coatings
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol also used in inks, and adhesives.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is an organic solvent with a variety of industrial and commercial uses.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol finds use as a less volatile alternative to propylene glycol methyl ether and other glycol ethers.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol also finds use as an industrial and commercial paint stripper.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used as an antifreeze in diesel engines.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in manufacturing of cleaners
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is completely water-soluble and is also compatible with many resins, greases, oils and waxes.

The commercial product is typically a mixture of four isomers.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used as a solvent for paints

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a colorless liquid with a mild and pleasant odor.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a solvent used in paints

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is an organic solvent with a wide variety of industrial and commercial uses.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a hydrophilic glycol ether with a fast evaporation rate and excellent coupling abilities including high water solubility and active solvency.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a colorless liquid
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol has a sweet ether-like odor and bitter taste.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is soluble in water, ether, acetone, and benzene.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is primarily used in the manufacture of lacquers and paints

Synthesis Method:
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is synthesized by the reaction of 2-Propanol, 1-(2-methoxy-1-methylethoxy)- oxide with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst, followed by esterification with acetic acid.
The purity of 1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol can be improved by distillation or molecular sieves.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol mixes with water
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a medium molecular weight glycol ether frother.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a strong frother giving high recovery and medium selectivity.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a clear, colorless, combustible liquid with a slight ether odor.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is completely soluble in water, and has moderate volatility.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used as a reagent in the synthesis of metolachlor.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol acts as a good biological indicator.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a colorless
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is flammable, and liquid organic compound

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a propylene oxide-based, or P-series, glycol ether.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used as a solvent for paints, lacquers, resins, dyes, oil/greases, cleaners and cellulose and as a heat-transfer agent.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used as a solvent material in paint and coating processes, inks, cosmetics and cleaning agents used in industrial and domestic applications.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used as a solvent and as an antifreeze agent.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a propylene oxide-based/P series glycol ether
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol has the formula C7H16O3.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a clear, colourless
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a viscous liquid which has a slight ether odour.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in coating products
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in washing & cleaning products

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in plant protection products
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in adhesives and sealants
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a colourless
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is hygroscopic solvent with a volatility, viscosity and solvent power similar to those of ethylene oxide-based glycol ethers.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used as an ink thinner:
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol provides good solubility for a wide range of resins including acrylic, epoxy, alkyd, polyester, nitrocellulose and polyurethane.


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 148.20 g/mol

-XLogP3: -0.1

-Exact Mass: 148.109944368 g/mol

-Monoisotopic Mass: 148.109944368 g/mol

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 38.7Ų

-Physical Description: Colorless to amber odorless liquid

-Color: Colorless to amber

-Form: Liquid

-Odour: Odorless

-Vapor Pressure: 0.0001 mmHg

-Boiling Point: 190 °C

-Melting Point: -80 °C

-Flash Point: 85 °C

-Solubility: Miscible

-Density: 0.95

Autoignition Temperature: 270 °C


1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is completely soluble in water and is miscible with a number of organic solvents, for example ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, petroleum ether and monochlorobenzene.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is also practically non- toxic and hygroscopic, and thus lends itself well to commercial and industrial use.

How is 1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol produced?
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is produced by the reaction of propylene oxide with methanol using a catalyst.


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3

-Rotatable Bond Count: 5

-Heavy Atom Count: 10

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 75.3

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Chemical Classes: Other Classes -> Other Organic Compounds


1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used as an anti-freeze in industrial engines
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used as a tailing agent for inks used on very high-speed presses
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol can be used as a coupling agent for resins and dyes in waterbased inks
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol also used as a solvent for celluloses, acrylics, dyes, inks, and stains.

How is 1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol stored and distributed?
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is stored in mild steel and /or stainless steel tanks and/or drums and can be transported by bulk vessels or tank trucks.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol should be stored away from heat and sources of ignition in a cool and well-ventilated area.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol has a specific gravity of 0.95 and a flashpoint of 75°C (closed cup) and is not regulated for any form of transport.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol belongs to the family of glycol ethers.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is also known as propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) and has the chemical formula C4H10O2.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is widely used as a solvent
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol has a high boiling point

What is 1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol Used For?
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a very useful industrial and commercial chemical.
One of its main commercial uses is as a solvent for paints, varnishes, inks, strippers, and degreasers.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is also utilised as a coalescing agent for water-based paints and inks where it promotes polymer fusing during the drying process.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is also a component of wood and coil coatings, as well as coatings used in the automotive industry, industrial maintainence, and metal finishing.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is also a component of hydraulic fluids and industrial degreasers and is a chemical additive in the oil production and drilling industry.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is the methyl ether of propylene glycol and has a slightly lower boiling point and higher evaporation rate than its Ethyl Proxitol counterpart.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is completely water soluble and also compatible with many resins, greases, oils and waxes.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is soluble in water
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol has a high boiling point and low vapor pressure
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a stable compound
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol does not react with most common chemicals.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is completely water-soluble and is also compatible with many greases, oils and waxes, which makes PM an excellent coupling agent.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in cleaning applications.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a very useful chemical building block in the manufacture of many products.
This is due to its reaction with acids, forming esters and oxidising agents which produce aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alkali metals therefore creating alcoholates and acetals.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is this flexibility that supports the use of DPM across a range of industries and therefore makes it a component of many household items that people use every day.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is found in ceiling and wall paints and in many common cleaners including glass and surface cleaners, paint-brush cleaners, all-purpose cleaners, carpet cleaners and disinfectant cleaners.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is also found in cosmetics where it provides emollient properties and product stabilisation as well as floor and aluminium polish, leather and textile dyes, rust removers and pesticides where it acts as a stabiliser.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is also a chemical intermediate in the production of Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate or DPMA.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is soluble in water
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is highly flammable.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is a methoxy alcohol derivative
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is chemical formula is C7H16O3.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in the following products:
-coating products
-anti-freeze products
-lubricants and greases
-biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products)
-inks
-toners

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol can be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in the following products
-fuels
-laboratory chemicals
-coating products
-plant protection products

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is also used as a reagent in the synthesis of metolachlor.
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol acts as a good biological indicator.
Further, 1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used as a solvent and an antifreeze agent.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in the following areas:
-building & construction work
-printing
-recorded media reproduction
-agriculture
-forestry
-fishing

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used for the manufacture of:
-machinery and vehicles
-plastic products
-mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and furniture

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is also used as fuel antifreeze, extractant
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in reformulation to compensate for the absence of aromatics to control viscosity and their ability to "double" aqueous and organic phases.

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol can be used in automotive industry
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol also used in paints

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in the following products:
-air care products
-plant protection products
-coating products
-washing & cleaning products
-biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products)
-fillers
-putties
-plasters
-modelling clay
-lubricants and greases
-perfumes and fragrances
-polishes
-waxes
-cosmetics
-personal care products

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in coating products
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in inks and toners

1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used in lubricants and greases
1-(2-Methoxy-1- Methylethoxy)-2- Propanol is used for the manufacture of chemicals


SYNONYM:

2-Propanol, 1-(2-methoxy-1-methylethoxy)-
20324-32-7
1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol
1-(2-Methoxy-1-methylethoxy)propan-2-ol
Dowfroth 250
1-(2-METHOXY-1-METHYLETHOXY)-2-PROPANOL
PPG-2 methyl ether
Slovasol 2430
1-(1-methoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol
Jeffox OL 2700
Adeka Carpal ML 250
EINECS 243-733-3
RQ1X8FMQ9N
Ucon LB-1715
HSDB 5160
Propanol, 1(or 2)-(2-methoxymethylethoxy)-
1-[(1-METHOXYPROPAN-2-YL)OXY]PROPAN-2-OL
Forguard M
Methyl Dipropasol
HISOLVE DPM
PGM (CHRIS Code)
1-(2-methoxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)propan-2-ol
UNII-RQ1X8FMQ9N
SCHEMBL16072
DTXSID5027809
(C3-H6-O)mult-C-H4-O
METHOXY DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL
5-Methyl-4,7-dioxaoctane-2-ol
WGYZMNBUZFHYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PPG-2 METHYL ETHER [INCI]
AKOS013135992
BS-43827
METHYL ETHER OF DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL
(2-methoxymethylethoxy) propanol [DPGME]
LS-118206
LS-179106
1-(2-methoxy ,1-methylethoxy)-propan-2-ol
EC 252-104-2
F71205
DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER
Q26840877
37286-64-9
1-(2- methoxy-1-methylethoxy)propan-2-ol
1-(1- methoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol
2-propanol, 1-(2-methoxy-1-methylethoxy)-
1-Propanol, 2-(2-methoxy-1-methylethoxy)-
2-(2-METHOXY-1-METHYLETHOXY)-1-PROPANOL
2-[(1-Methoxy-2-propanyl)oxy]-1-propanol
2-[(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy]propan-1-ol
2-(1-methoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-1-ol
55956-21-3
Arcosolv DPM (Salt/Mix)
Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (Salt/Mix)
DPGME (Salt/Mix)
MFCD18973002
propan-1-ol, 2-(2-methoxy-1-methylethoxy)-
propanol, 2-(methoxymethylethoxy)-
(2-Methoxymethylethoxy) Propanol
(2-methoxymethylethoxy) propanol
(2-methoxymethylethoxy)propan-1-ol
(2-Methoxymethylethoxy)propanol
(2-methoxymethylethoxy)propanol
(2-Methoxymethylethoxy)propanol
(2-methoxymethylethoxy)propanol
1-(2-methoxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)propan-2-ol;2-(2-methoxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)propan-1-ol;1-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-2-ol;2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol
1-(2-methoxy-1-methylethoxy)propan-2-ol
1-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-2-ol
1-(3-Methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol
1-(3-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol
2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol
2-(Methoxymethylethoxy)-propanol
2-[(-methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy]propan-1-ol
2-[(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy]propan-1-ol
2-methoxymethylethoxy propanol
2-methoxymethylethoxy)propanol
2-METHOXYMETHYLETHOXYPROPANOL
2-Methoxymethylethoxypropanol
DIPROPYLENE GLYCO MONOMETHYL ETHER
DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether
Dipropylene glycol methyl ether
Methoxypropoxypropanol
Methyl diproxitol
mixure of isomers: 1-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-2-ol and 1-(2-methoxy-1-methylethoxy)propan-2-ol
propanol
Propanol, (2-methoxymethylethoxy)-
Propanol, 1(*o*r 2)-(2-methoxymethylethoxy)-
Propanol, 1(or 2)-(2-methoxymethylethoxy)-
propylen glycol monomethylether

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is a family of organic compounds with a chemical formula of HOOC(CH2)10COOH.
The esters of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid are used as low-temperature plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride.
Moreover, esters of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid are used as lubricants which are used at a wide range of temperatures and are extensively utilized to manufacture synthetic musk.

CAS Number: 505-52-2
EC number: 208-011-4
Chemical formula: C₁₃H₂₄O₄
Molar mass: 244.167±0 dalton

Synonyms: TRIDECANEDIOIC ACID, 505-52-2, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, Brassylic acid, Brassilic acid, 1,13-Tridecanedioic acid, UNII-PL3IQ40C34, PL3IQ40C34, CHEBI:73718, Undecane-1,11-dicarboxylic acid, NSC9498, DSSTox_CID_1683, DSSTox_RID_76281, DSSTox_GSID_21683, Brassylate, CAS-505-52-2, tridecanedioate, Brassilate, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylicacid, NSC 9498, EINECS 208-011-4, 1,13-Tridecanedioate, 1,13-Brassylic Acid, AI3-18168, EC 208-011-4, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylate, SCHEMBL20802, Undecane-1,11-dicarboxylate, CHEMBL3187746, DTXSID9021683, 1, 11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, NSC-9498, ZINC1700020, Tox21_201301, Tox21_302982, LMFA01170014, MFCD00002740, s6063, STK033041, AKOS005381208, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, 94%, MCULE-8192564811, NCGC00249020-01, NCGC00249020-02, NCGC00256463-01, NCGC00258853-01, AS-14882, M986, DB-121159, HY-128421, CS-0099256, FT-0606050, T0021, AB01332661-02, 505T522, Q2099072, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, 208-011-4, 505-52-2, Acide tridécanedioïque, Brassylic acid, MFCD00002740, Tridecandisäure, Tridecanedioic acid, Undecane-1,11-dicarboxylic acid, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylate, 1,13-Tridecanedioate, Brassilate, Brassylate, Tridecanedioate, Undecane-1,11-dicarboxylate, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylicacid, 1 11-undecanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,11-undecanedicarboxylic acid 98%, 1,11-undecanedicarboxylicacid, 1,13-Tridecanedioic acid, 638-53-9, Brassilic acid, EINECS 208-011-4, QA-7398, STK033041, tridecanedioic acid, ??? 95.0%, Tridecanedioicacid, Tridecanoic acid, undecane-1,11-dicarboxylic acid, 95%

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is a chemical compound used in a wide range of applications through different industries.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, when found in the form of a flake or white powder, comes from the family of organic compounds called as dibasic acids.

Another name for dibasic acids is long-chain dicarboxylic acids.
The chemical formula of long-chain dicarboxylic acids is HOOC(CH2)11COOH.

Application of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids has been recommended by experts in the field of chemistry, for use in hot melt adhesives, high-performance nylon, high-performance polyamides, and many other applications.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is primarily used for the synthesis of fragrances and is a potential alternative for polycyclic acid as 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is an easily degradable chemical compound.
To overcome these challenges, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is used for the synthesis of macrocyclic musk i.e. fragrances.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid comes from the family of long-chain dicarboxylic acids.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is naturally occurring in animal tissues and plants.

When13 carbon molecules, 24 hydrogen molecules and 4 oxygen molecules come together, they form 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids chemical formula is C13H24O4.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid like most other Dicarboxyl acids can produce two kinds of salts because 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid contains two carboxylic groups.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is a white crystalline substance, slightly soluble in water, and has a melting point of 130 ° C.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is used in polymers, biological solvents, lubricants, and perfumeries plasticizer production.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is used to manufacture plastics such as nylon-1313 as an intermediate.

Multi-pound production of nylon-1313 demonstrates that there are no serious obstacles to commercial production of this long-chain polyamide.
The synthesis of nylon-1313 is remarkably simple and straightforward when compared to the reactions required to produce nylon-11 and -12.

In many ways nylon-1313 is comparable to these other nylons, but 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is lower melting, slightly less dense, and more hydrophobic than either of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids counterparts.
This engineering resin can be produced economically using 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid derived from crambe or other high-erucic acid oils.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is a family of organic compounds with a chemical formula of HOOC(CH2)10COOH.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is a versatile chemical intermediate.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids were first created in the nineteenth century by oxidative ozonolysis of erucic acid.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is a dibasic acid, which is available in the market in the form of flakes, powder or in diluted form.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid belongs to the family of organic compounds called long-chain dicarboxylic acid.

The esters of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid are used as low-temperature plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride.
Moreover, esters of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid are used as lubricants which are used at a wide range of temperatures and are extensively utilized to manufacture synthetic musk.
Commercially, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid serves as a monomer of dicarboxylic acid for the production of polyamides such as nylon 613 and nylon 1313.

The demand for 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is expected to increase over the forecast period, owing to rising applications of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid in various end-use industries such as fragrances & perfumes, lubricants, and adhesives coupled with important use in the formation of polyurethanes, alkyd resins, and polyamides.
Moreover, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is used as monomers for certain co-polymers such as nylon 13,13.

Various diesters of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid are incorporated into PVC and are used as plasticizers.
These derivatives of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid possess property to remain stable at low temperature conditions.

Moreover, nylon that is manufactured with 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid have low moisture absorption capability, which are suitable for applications that require toughness, retention of strength, abrasion resistance and electrical properties under changing climatic conditions.
Furthermore, the properties of nylon 1313 which is manufactured using 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is similar to that of the commercially produced polyamides such as nylon 11, 12, 610, and 612.
These factors are expected to drive demand for 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid over the forecast period.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is majorly used in fragrance industry for synthesis of macrocyclic musk, however, other musk compounds such as nitro musk and polycyclic musk compounds are readily available in the market.
Moreover, direct contact with 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid can cause skin & eye irritation and is expected to cause respiratory problems.
Availability of substitutes and 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids potential to cause health problems are expected to hamper growth of the market over the forecast period.

Polymeric composition comprising a polyolefin and a diacid-diol aliphatic-aromatic copolyester with aromatic part consisting mainly of terephthalic acid or 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids derivatives, aliphatic part consisting of azelaic acid, sebacic acid and 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid and diol c2-c13.
The present invention relates to aliphatic-aromatic polyesters comprising: i) 40 to 60 mol %, based on components i to ii, of one or more dicarboxylic acid derivatives selected from the group consisting of: sebacic acid, azelaic acid and 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, when found in the form of a flake or white powder, comes from the family of organic compounds called as dibasic acids.
Another name for dibasic acids is long-chain dicarboxylic acids.

There are almost infinite esters obtained from carboxylic acids.
Esters are formed by removal of water from an acid and an alcohol.
Carboxylic acid esters are used as in a variety of direct and indirect applications.

Lower chain esters are used as flavouring base materials, plasticizers, solvent carriers and coupling agents.
Higher chain compounds are used as components in metalworking fluids, surfactants, lubricants, detergents, oiling agents, emulsifiers, wetting agents textile treatments and emollients.

They are also used as intermediates for the manufacture of a variety of target compounds.
The almost infinite esters provide a wide range of viscosity, specific gravity, vapor pressure, boiling point, and other physical and chemical properties for the proper application selections.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is mainly used in top-grade essence, perfume and artificial musk-T, packing materials for foodstuff, also is the important materials for nylon 1313, Polycyclic Synthetic Musks, Polyamide Resin, and Hot Melt Adhesive.
In addition, the important characteristics of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid like high solubility in water, strength, high resistance, etc. are also expected to boost the market growth by 2030.

Shifting preferences from polycyclic acid to 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid for perfume manufacturing is the major factor predicted to create abundant growth opportunities for the global 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid market during the forecast period.
Moreover, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is also used as lubricants and adhesives for machine joints for smooth functioning.

And with the growing expansion of the automobile industry, the global 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid market is also projected to witness immense growth opportunities by 2030.
Sky-rocketing cost of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is the prime factor anticipated to hinder the market growth.

The growth and development of the perfume and fragrance industry, emerging market of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid along with 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids applications like PVC and plasticizers clubbed with the use of the regenerating feedstocks, is expected to increase market growth in 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid significantly.
Advanced technical applications of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid are expected to create lucrative opportunities in the lubricant industry, adhesive industry, and plastics industry.
That being said, the adverse effects of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid and the substitutes available in the market for consumers are likely to hinder the exponential rise of the 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid market.

The global production of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid for perfumes is currently higher than any other acid and is expected to be the same for the coming years.
Nevertheless, other forms of musk compounds are available for use in the market, including nitro musk compounds and polycyclic musk compounds.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is predicted that this competition will be the central issue that will restrain market growth.
Because of the increased availability of sources of renewable raw materials like vegetable oil, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid consumption is the highest in Europe.

According to a report by Research Dive, Europe is currently the highest contributor to cash flow among all the regions studied and is anticipated to keep up 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids dominance and lead over the projected timeline, accompanied by the Asia Pacific and North America.

Uses of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is used in the production of high-grade flavors, fragrances and artificial musk-T, hot melt adhesives and engineering plastics, high-grade food packaging materials, and the main raw material of high-grade nylon 1313
Material of high-level essence, perfume and synthetic musk T; high grade food packing material; main material of high grade nylon 1313

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with 13 carbon atoms, occurring in plant and animal tissues.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid exhibits typical carboxyl group chemistry useful in a variety of industrial applications.

Dicarboxylic acid can yield two kinds of salts, as they contain two carboxyl groups in 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids molecules.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is a white crystalline; melting point at 130 C, slightly soluble in water.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is used in manufacturing plasticizer for polymers, biodegradable solvents, lubricants and perfumeries.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is used as an intermediates to produce engineering plastics such as nylon-1313

Dicarboxylic acid is a compound containing two carboxylic acid, -COOH, groups.
Straight chain examples are shown in table.
The general formula is HOOC(CH2)nCOOH, where oxalic acid's n is 0, n=1 for malonic acid, n=2 for succinic acid, n=3 for glutaric acid, and etc.

In substitutive nomenclature, their names are formed by adding -dioic' as a suffix to the name of the parent compound.
They can yield two kinds of salts, as they contain two carboxyl groups in 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids molecules.
The range of carbon chain lengths is from 2, but the longer than C 24 is very rare.

The term long chain refers to C 12 up to C 24 commonly.
Carboxylic acids have industrial application directly or indirectly through acid halides, esters, salts, and anhydride forms, polymerization, and etc.

Dicarboxylic acids can yield two kinds of salts or esters, as they contain two carboxyl groups in one molecule.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is useful in a variety of industrial applications include;

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is used in the synthesis of polycyclic synthetic musk, polyamide resins, hot melt adhesive.

Uses include:
Flexibilizer for nylon engineering plastics and fibers,
polyester films and adhesives,
urethane elastomers and elastomeric fibers,
lubricant basestocks and greases,
polyester and polyamide fibers,
wire-coating,
molding resins,
polyamide hot melts

Other Uses:
Plasticizer for polymers
Biodegradable solvents and lubricants
Engineering plastics
Epoxy curing agent
Adhesive and powder coating
Corrosion inhibitor
Perfumery and pharmaceutical
Electrolyte

Applications of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is very useful in a wide variety of industrial applications, some of the uses of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid are listed below:
Plasticizer for polymers
Engineering plastics
Adhesive and powder coating
Perfumery and pharmaceutical
Biodegradable solvents and lubricants
Epoxy curing agent
Corrosion inhibitor
Electrolyte

Occurrence of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid was first obtained by oxidation of castor oil (ricinoleic acid) with nitric acid.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is now produced industrially by oxidation of cyclohexanol or cyclohexane, mainly for the production of Nylon 6-6.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid has several other industrial uses in the production of adhesives, plasticizers, gelatinizing agents, hydraulic fluids, lubricants, emollients, polyurethane foams, leather tanning, urethane and also as an acidulant in foods.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid was detected among products of rancid fats.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids origin explains for 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids presence in poorly preserved samples of linseed oil and in specimens of ointment removed from Egyptian tombs 5000 years old.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid displays bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties against a variety of aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms present on acne-bearing skin.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is produced industrially by alkali fission of castor oil.
Sebacic acid and 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids derivatives have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, diffusion pump oils, cosmetics, candles, etc.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is also used in the synthesis of polyamide, as nylon, and of alkyd resins.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid can be produced from erucic acid by ozonolysis, but also by microorganisms (Candida sp.) from tridecane.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is now produced by fermentation of long-chain alkanes with a specific strain of Candida tropicalis.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid was shown that hyperthermophilic microorganisms specifically contained a large variety of dicarboxylic acids.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid was discovered that these compounds appeared in urine after administration of tricaprin and triundecylin.
Although the significance of their biosynthesis remains poorly understood, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid was demonstrated that ω-oxidation occurs in rat liver but at a low rate, needs oxygen, NADPH and cytochrome P450.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid was later shown that this reaction is more important in starving or diabetic animals where 15% of palmitic acid is subjected to ω-oxidation and then tob-oxidation, this generates malonyl-coA which is further used in saturated fatty acid synthesis.

Copolyamides derived from 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:
Polyamides were prepared from C6 to C12 diamines with 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, a linear C13 dicarboxylic acid, derived from Crambe seed oil.
One distinct characteristic of these polymers is their low moisture adsorption as compared to nylon 66 and nylon 6.

To modify the properties of these nylons, multi-component copolyamides were prepared from hexamethylene diamine and mixtures of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid with adipic, terephthalic, or isophthalic acids.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid was found that the melting points of the co-polyamides were changed by the choice and the levels of the diacids used.

The melting point-composition curves all show a eutectic minimum.
They will be commercially viable when 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid becomes available on a large scale and is competitively priced.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid with the molecular formula - HOOC(CH2)11COOH - is a fatty acid which can be technically extracted from erucic acid together with pelargonic acid.
The compounds of the 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids are used in the food and cosmetic industry.

This refers e.g. to ethylene brassylate, an ethylene glycol diester of brassy acid.
The dimethyl ester of brassyl acid(dimethyl brassylate) is used in cosmetic formulations as skin care products and emollients.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is detected as an excessive fatty acid in addition to phytic acid (Zellweger syndrome) and cerotic acid (adrenoleukodystrophy) as pathological excretion products in the urine of children with congenital adrenoleukodystrophy or Zellweger syndrome.

Estimation of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry:
The main focus of this work is to estimate 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid (BA) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is a product obtained from the oxidative cleavage of Erucic Acid (EA).
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid has various applications for making nylons and high performance polymers.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is a 13 carbon compound with two carboxylic acid functional groups at the terminal end.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid has a long hydrocarbon chain that makes the molecule less sensitive to some of the characterization techniques.

1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is chemical formed from processing erucic oils.
Chemical processing method is often used because of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids low cost and easy to follow for the production of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid.

The increase in the use of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid in the manufacture of perfumes, combined with an rise in the use of renewable sources, such as low-priced and readily available vegetable oil, is expected to drive the growth of the 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid industry.
The rise the use of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid in the manufacture of perfumes is related to 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acids desirable attributes, including such diffusivity, and beneficial content, thus driving market growth.

However, the negative impacts of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid and the accessibility of alternatives are anticipated to hamper the growth of the global market for 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid.
Based on product type, the market for global 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is further segmented into paraffin oil and vegetable oil.

Based on process, the market for global 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is further segmented into chemical, and fermentation.
Based on application, the market for global 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is further segmented fragrances, adhesives, plastics, lubricants, and other.

In terms of Geography, the global 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid market has been segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa.
The Asia-Pacific region dominates the global market for 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid.
As a result of rapid urbanization and an increase in disposable income along with change in people's lifestyle, the use of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid in industrial businesses, such as perfume production, has increased.

North America has a large market share.
1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid holds one of the world 's strong pharma bases.

Improved investment in the phrmaceutical industry and growing people's spending power have contributed to a boom in the North American market for 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid.
Countries such as France, Italy and Spain are the center of the fragrance industry and have the best perfumes produced in the world.

Such a strong manufacturing base and sustainability in Europe has caused a spike in the demand for perfumes due to the evolving lifestyle of the peiople and has caused an increase in the market for 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid.
The Middle East and Africa are expected to face substantial growth.

Due to the fact that the processing of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid is less tedious compared to fermentation, many producers in the region have experienced an increase in market growth.
Latin America is experiencing relatively slow growth due to the limited number of manufacturers and the availability of substitutes.

Manufacturing Methods of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:
The U.S. Emery Company used special rapeseed oil to extract erucic acid, which was then decomposed by ozone oxidation.
Japanese mining companies use self-produced straight-chain alkanes as raw materials for fermentation production.
In addition, in addition to linear alkanes, the raw materials can also be synthesized from linear alkenes, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, hexadecanoates and the like.

Handling and Storage of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:

Storage:
Keep container closed when not in use.
Store in a tightly closed container.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

Store the container tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place.
Store apart from foodstuff containers or incompatible materials.

Suggested storage:
Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompat.

Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

Minimize dust generation and accumulation.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.

Keep container tightly closed.
Avoid ingestion and inhalation.

Use with adequate ventilation.
Handling in a well ventilated place.

Wear suitable protective clothing.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

Avoid formation of dust and aerosols.
Use non-sparking tools.
Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.

First Aid Measures of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:

Ingestion:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Get medical aid.

Do NOT induce vomiting.
If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.

Inhalation:
Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

Get medical aid.
DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration.
If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask.

Skin:
Get medical aid.
Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash clothing before reuse.

Eyes:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids.
Get medical aid.

Fire Fighting Measures of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:
Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear.
During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.

Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
To extinguish fire, use water, dry chemical, chemical foam, or alcohol-resistant foam.
Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire.

Identifiers of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:
InChI: InChI=1S/C13H24O4/c14-12(15)10-8-6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9-11-13(16)17/h1-11H2,(H,14,15)(H,16,17)
InChIKey
DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 505-52-2
Reaxys registry number: 1786404
ChEBI ID: 73718
mapping relation type: exact match
ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL3187746
SPLASH: splash10-0089-4980000000-e0f9e32666a9f5b5a8fa
splash10-0006-0090000000-38331eb24eac374bd304
ZVG number: 104435
DSSTox substance ID: DTXSID9021683
DSSTOX compound identifier: DTXCID901683
NSC number: 9498
EC number: 208-011-4
UNII: PL3IQ40C34
LIPID MAPS ID: LMFA01170014

instance of: chemical compound
dicarboxylic acid
fatty acid
chemical structure
mass: 244.167±0 dalton
chemical formula: C₁₃H₂₄O₄
canonical SMILES: C(CCCCCC(=O)O)CCCCCC(=O)O
found in taxon: Trypanosoma brucei

Properties of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:
PSA:74.6
XLogP3:3.7
Appearance:Solid
Density:1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Melting Point:111 °C
Boiling Point:215-217 °C @ Press: 2 Torr
Flash Point:223.5±17.7 °C
Refractive Index:1.475
Water Solubility:H2O: Insoluble
Storage Conditions:Store below +30°C.

Chemical and Physical Properties of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:
Molecular Weight: 244.33
XLogP3: 3.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 12
Exact Mass: 244.16745924
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.16745924
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Complexity: 192
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 244.33
EINECS: 208-011-4
SMILES: C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O)(O)=O

INCHI: 1S/C13H24O4/c14-12(15)10-8-6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9-11-13(16)17/h1-11H2,(H,14,15)(H,16,17)
INCHIKEY: DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
WATER SOLUBILITY: 1500 mg/L
MELTING POINT: 111 ° C
ATMOSPHERIC OH RATE CONSTANT: 1.55E-11 cm3/molecule-sec
LOG P (OCTANOL-WATER): 3.670
MELTING POINT: 112-114 °C
WATER SOLUBILITY: Insoluble

Keywords of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:
Carbon Compounds
Carboxylic Acids
Chains
Cleavage
Functionals
Hydrocarbons
Nonanoic Acid
Performance
Polymers
Spectroscopy
Synthesis

Related Products of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:
Diethyl (Acetylamino)(2-phenylethyl)malonate
4'-Deoxy Vincristine Sulfate (>75%)
1-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2(1H)-isoquinolinepropanoic Acid
1-(((2,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)methyl)cyclopropane-1-carbaldehyde
1-(((4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)cyclopropane-1-carbaldehyde

MeSH of 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid:
Brassylic acid
Undecanedicarboxylic acid
tridecanedioic acid
tridecanedioic acid, disodium salt
tridecanedioic acid, monosodium salt

1,2 Pentanediol is a specific raw material used by manufacturers of green cosmetic products.
1,2 Pentanediol is a synthetic compound in the chemical group called 1,2 glycol.
1,2 Pentanediol is a clear, slightly viscous, colorless, odorless liquid and soluble in water.

CAS Number: 5343-92-0
EC Number: 226-285-3
Molecular Formula (1,2 Pentanediol): C5H12O2
Molecular Weight: 104.15 g/mol

Synonyms: 1,2-Pentanediol, Pentane-1,2-diol, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane, 5343-92-0, Pylethylene Glycol, glycol, Glycol, Green Protector, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane, MFCD00010736, 1,a2-aPentanediol, EINECS 226-285-3, BRN 1719151, AI3-03317, NSC 513, 108340-61-0, ACMC-20mbh5, ACMC-1AXDB, EC 226-285-3, 1,2-Pentanediol, 96%, SCHEMBL62155, 3-01-00-02191 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 1,2-Pentanediol, (2R)-, NSC513, WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-, DTXSID10863522, NSC-513, AKOS009156977, AS-40006, SY032914, CS-0017222, FT-0606477, FT-0690841, P1178, 3-(2-NITRO-PHENYL)-ISOXAZOL-5-YLAMINE, 98484-EP2372017A1, A829586, Q3374899

1,2 Pentanediol is a synthetic compound that belongs to the chemical group called 1,2 glycol.
1,2 Pentanediol is a transparent liquid, slightly viscous, colorless, odorless and soluble in water as well as oil.

1,2 Pentanediol is naturally derived from sugar cane.
1,2 Pentanediol is used in many cosmetic products.
1,2 Pentanediol is also referred to by the names 1,2- dihydroxypentane, Pylene glycol, and pentane-1,2-diol.

1,2 Pentanediol is a natural polyhydric alcohol and therefore has the ability to bind water.
This property can be used to moisturize the skin.

Skin is better hydrated, looks significantly brighter and feels better.
At the same time, 1,2 Pentanediol naturally helps inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the skin and can therefore be used as an alternative preservative.

1,2 Pentanediol is soluble in water, acts as an extractant and solvent, is biodegradable, can be used in the pH range of 3-10, and is colorless and odorless.
1,2 Pentanediol is made from natural sugar cane bagasse and is therefore ideal for natural cosmetics.

1,2 Pentanediol is a specific raw material used by manufacturers of green cosmetic products.
The most important feature of this preservative is that 1,2 Pentanediol is obtained from agricultural products. For example, corn and sugar cane.
1,2 Pentanediol is also commonly called Pentylene glycol.

1,2 Pentanediol is a synthetic compound in the chemical group called 1,2 glycol.
There are two alcohol groups attached to the 1st and 2nd carbon.

1,2 Pentanediol is a clear, slightly viscous, colorless, odorless liquid and soluble in water.
1,2 Pentanediol is also obtained naturally from sugar cane.
1,2 Pentanediol is also fat-soluble and used in many cosmetic products.

1,2 Pentanediol is a natural diol derived from sugar cane bagasse's remaining waste, but a cheap synthetic analog also available in the market.
This multifunctional ingredient is a colorless, odorless, slightly viscous liquid that serves as a moisturizer, solubilizer, preservative, emulsion stabilizer, etc.

1,2 Pentanediol is a well-known moisturizer due to the humectant properties of the molecule, proven scientifically by in-vivo studies.
Also, 1,2 Pentanediol is an excellent solubilizer, as 1,2 Pentanediol helps to solubilize many challenging ingredients, including fragrances.
1,2 Pentanediol can also increase the clarity of translucent formulations like aqueous gels and toners.

1,2 Pentanediol protects products from harmful bacteria and improves shelf-life, working synergistically with many preservatives, boosting their efficacy and thus helping to reduce their dose.
In addition, Pentane-1,2-diol stabilizes formulations, especially oil-in-water emulsions (as a co-emulsifier with an HLB value of 8.4), which helps reduce the particle size of emulsions, thus providing less coalescence and better stability.

This diol enhances the bioavailability of other ingredients (proven by ex-vivo study), boosting the activity of both lipophilic and hydrophilic actives.
Furthermore, 1,2 Pentanediol improves pigment distribution, makes whiter and shinier emulsions, promotes penetration into the skin, and improves the efficiency of cooling agents.

Incorporated in sun care applications, 1,2 Pentanediol enhances water resistance and the entire safety of the formula used even in SPF 50+ products.
1,2 Pentanediol also can control the viscosity and texture of the final product.
In skin and hair care products and decorative cosmetics, 1,2 Pentanediol concentration can reach up to 5%.

1,2 Pentanediol is used in formulations as an emulsion stabilizer, solvent and a broad spectrum antimicrobial.
1,2 Pentanediol also helps moisturize and has a light, elegant feel to it.

1,2 Pentanediol will leave the skin soft and smooth.
1,2 Pentanediol can help to solubilize and stabilize lipophilic ingredients in aqueous solutions.

1,2 Pentanediol shows a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against yeasts, moulds, and bacteria.
1,2 Pentanediol disturbs the integrity of microbial cell membranes, a mechanism of action that is unlikely to be affected by resistance.

Being a non-ionic ingredient, the anti-microbial effect of 1,2 Pentanediol is largely pH-independent.
1,2 Pentanediol can act as a standalone antimicrobial protection agent.

In addition, 1,2 Pentanediol can be easily combined with other classical or non-classical antimicrobial agents, to boost their preservation effects.
1,2 Pentanediol a synthetic, low molecular weight solvent and skin-conditioning agent.

1,2 Pentanediol is commonly used as a skin conditioning agent, due to 1,2 Pentanediol’s ability to help the skin attract and retain moisture.
As such, 1,2 Pentanediol falls into a category of skin care ingredients called humectants.

1,2 Pentanediol is synthetic humectant used in cosmetics and beauty products that is also secondarily used as a solvent and preservative.
1,2 Pentanediol is both water and oil-soluble and 1,2 Pentanediol can have moisture-binding and 1,2 Pentanediol can have antimicrobial properties.

1,2 Pentanediol also has some anti microbial properties, which can make 1,2 Pentanediol a valuable addition to products that are susceptible to contamination of microorganisms.
1,2 Pentanediol is used as a solvent in chemicals produced to soften and smooth the skin in the cosmetic industry.

1,2 Pentanediol is used in sunscreens.
1,2 Pentanediol is a skin moisturizer.

1,2 Pentanediol preserves moisture in the skin, helps to preserve elasticity and moisture of the skin.
1,2 Pentanediol has an antimicrobial effect.
1,2 Pentanediol Lipid and dissolved lipophilic actives can be used in penetration enhancing creams and lotions.

1,2 Pentanediol Hydrogenated phosphotidylcholine is a high viscosity base composed of protected lipids and glycerol.
1,2 Pentanediol is an antimicrobial, chemically produced emulsifier.

Pentilen Glycol has been included in the German Pharmaceutical Codex since 2009.
However, 1,2 Pentanediol is not only approved in Germany, but 1,2 Pentanediol is also approved as a cosmetic active ingredient worldwide.

1,2 Pentanediol is initially based on the immature juice of sugar beets, while synthetic production is standard.
1,2 Pentanediol is used in day and night creams.

1,2 Pentanediol is a complex system for paraben esters-free cosmetic and personal care products.
1,2 Pentanediol is a multifunctional agent that has excellent efficacy as a biostatic and fungistatic agent.
1,2 Pentanediol can reduce irritation and sensitivity and has a wide broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect.

1,2 Pentanediol is an ingredient which is found naturally in some plants (such as sugar beets and corn cobs) but is most frequently lab-derived when used in cosmetics.
1,2 Pentanediol is a humectant, meaning it binds well to water, making 1,2 Pentanediol a good hydrating agent and solvent to aid penetration of other ingredients.
1,2 Pentanediol also helps improve the texture of skin care formulas and has mild preservative properties when used in amounts between 1-5%.

There have been some reports that 1,2 Pentanediol (along with other glycols) is a skin sensitizer; however, as with many ingredients, the amount and how it’s used are key.

1,2 Pentanediol is a chemical compound commonly used in the cosmetics and personal care industry as a skincare and beauty product ingredient.
1,2 Pentanediol is also known by its chemical formula C5H12O2.
1,2 Pentanediol is a type of glycol, which is a class of organic compounds that contain multiple hydroxyl (OH) groups.

1,2 Pentanediol proves multifunctional in skincare and cosmetic formulations, offering a spectrum of benefits.
With its hydrating properties, 1,2 Pentanediol serves as an effective moisturizer, aiding in maintaining skin moisture levels, particularly beneficial for individuals with dry or dehydrated skin.

Acting as a solvent, 1,2 Pentanediol ensures a consistent and uniform texture in products by dissolving other ingredients.
1,2 Pentanediol antimicrobial properties contribute to its role as a preservative, preventing the growth of bacteria and fungi and enhancing 1,2 Pentanediol's longevity.

Recognized for 1,2 Pentanediol mild and non-irritating nature, 1,2 Pentanediol is considered suitable for sensitive skin.
Additionally, 1,2 Pentanediol facilitates the penetration of active ingredients, amplifying the efficacy of skincare formulations.
Overall, 1,2 Pentanediol is a versatile ingredient, addressing various aspects of skincare, from hydration and preservation to compatibility with different skin types.

1,2 Pentanediol is generally recognized as safe for use in cosmetics and skincare products when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines.
However, as with any ingredient, individual reactions or sensitivities may vary, so it's essential to check 1,2 Pentanediol's ingredients list and perform a patch test if you have sensitive skin or allergies.

Uses of 1,2 Pentanediol:
1,2 Pentanediol is used as an emulsion stabilizer, humectant, solvent and a broad-spectrum antimicrobial.
1,2 Pentanediol improves texture of the product.

1,2 Pentanediol has all the characteristics of a solvent.
1,2 Pentanediol is not reactive and can dissolve many other compounds.

1,2 Pentanediol is also known to have antimicrobial properties.

1,2 Pentanediol offers a double advantage:
1,2 Pentanediol protects the skin from harmful bacteria, which could otherwise cause body odor and acne problems on the skin.
Secondly, 1,2 Pentanediol protects the product from any microbial growth, so 1,2 Pentanediol can show the same quality during its use and shelf life.

Skin care:
Due to the two -OH groups, 1,2 Pentanediol has a natural tendency to attract water.
1,2 Pentanediol also retains water, which is especially helpful for dry skin.

1,2 Pentanediol is used as a humectant and skin conditioning agent, for 1,2 Pentanediol ability to retain moisture.
1,2 Pentanediol is used in moisturizer, baby sunscreen, around-eye cream, antiperspirant/deodorant, serums & essences, hand cream, anti-aging, facial moisturizer/treatment, detanning products, bath oil/salts/soak, body oil, body firming lotion, cuticle treatment, body wash/cleanser, tanning oil, recreational sunscreen

Hair care:
1,2 Pentanediol is used in various hair care products such as hair treatment/serum, hair spray, hair styling aide, shampoo, detangler, beard care, shaving cream, beard oil, conditioner, hair color and bleaching, styling gel/lotion, mask, setting powder/spray

Decorative cosmetics:
1,2 Pentanediol is used in cosmetics such as lipstick, concealer, eye shadow, foundation, CC cream, blush, lip balm, facial powder, bronzer/highlighter, lip gloss, BB cream, makeup primer, brow liner, lip liner, eye liner, lip plumper, lip balm, makeup remover

Uses Area of 1,2 Pentanediol:
1,2 Pentanediol is used as a solvent in chemicals produced in the cosmetic industry to soften and smooth the skin.
1,2 Pentanediol has a softening and smoothing effect in this area of use.

1,2 Pentanediol is used together with steroidal hormones in the manufacture of dermatological products.
In these applications, 1,3-butylene glycol and Mono Pentylene glycol are also used as solvents.

This is because 1,3-butylene glycol and Mono Pentylene glycol do not have completely toxic effects.
1,2 Pentanediol is used by combining anti-inflammatory hydrocortisone with Pentylene glycol to relieve minor skin irritation, temporary itching and inflammation.

1,2 Pentanediol is used in the production of allergy medications.
1,2 Pentanediol has antimicrobial properties because 1,2 Pentanediol is Dihydric Alcohol.

1,2 Pentanediol helps prevent unwanted microorganisms due to 1,2 Pentanediol antimicrobial effect.
1,2 Pentanediol is preferred in the production of quality cosmetic products because 1,2 Pentanediol allergic effects are very low.

1,2 Pentanediol is used in the manufacture of daily skin care products due to 1,2 Pentanediol moisturizing effect on the skin.
By retaining water on the skin, 1,2 Pentanediol makes the skin more vibrant, smooth and plump.

1,2 Pentanediol is used as a solvent in chemicals produced to soften and smooth the skin in the cosmetics industry.
1,2 Pentanediol has a softening and smoothing effect in this area of ​​use.

1,2 Pentanediol is used together with steroidal hormones in the manufacture of dermatological products.
In these applications, 1,2 Pentanediol and Mono Pentylene glycol are also used as solvents.

This is because 1,2 Pentanediol and Mono Pentylene glycol do not have exactly the toxic effects.
1,2 Pentanediol is used to relieve minor skin irritation, temporary itching and inflammation, by combining the anti-inflammatory hydrocortisone with pylenylene glycol.

1,2 Pentanediol is used in the production of allergy medicines.
1,2 Pentanediol has antimicrobial properties due to being dihydric alcohol.
Due to 1,2 Pentanediol antimicrobial effect, 1,2 Pentanediol helps to prevent unwanted microorganisms.

1,2 Pentanediol is preferred in the manufacture of quality cosmetic products because of 1,2 Pentanediol very low allergic effects.
1,2 Pentanediol is used in the manufacture of daily skin care products due to its moisturizing effect on the skin.
By keeping the water on the skin, 1,2 Pentanediol makes the skin more lively, smooth and full.

Applications of 1,2 Pentanediol:
1,2 Pentanediol has a wide range of applications.
Intermediate finds applications in Initial product for chemical syntheses, Inks and coatings, Plasticizers and Solvent, Industrial chemicals.

1,2 Pentanediol is used as a plasticizer in cellulose products and adhesives.
1,2 Pentanediol is used as a brake fluid additive.

1,2 Pentanediol reacts with 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran to get 5-tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy-pentan-1-ol.
1,2 Pentanediol is also used to prepare polyesters for emulsifying agents and resin intermediates.

1,2 Pentanediol is used in ink, toner and colorant products.
In addition to this, 1,2 Pentanediol is used in brake fluid compositions.

1,2 Pentanediol is used to produce materials made of polyester or polyurethane, for the manufacturing of monomers, for the manufacture of polyester polyols, polycarbonatedioles and acrylic monomers, for the production of delta valerolactone and for molecules that act as reactive diluents, for the production of halogenated substances and for the production of adhesives, putties and sealing compounds, cleaners and auxiliary agents.
1,2 Pentanediol is used in the processes to produce hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate and peroxyacetic acid and as an intermediate for pharmaceutical products.
1,2 Pentanediol is used as an ingredient for the production of polymeric thickeners, plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride, sizing agents, surfactants, for starches and chemically modified starch for application in the paper, textile and food industry, for personal hygiene products like shampoo, creams, and for paints.

Benefits of 1,2 Pentanediol:
1,2 Pentanediol naturally tends to attract water because 1,2 Pentanediol has two -OH groups.
1,2 Pentanediol also retains water, which is especially beneficial for dry skin.

1,2 Pentanediol is used as a humidifier due to its moisture retention capacity.
1,2 Pentanediol has all the properties of a solvent.

1,2 Pentanediol is non-reactive and can dissolve many other compounds.
As mentioned before, due to 1,2 Pentanediol ability to naturally retain moisture in the skin, 1,2 Pentanediol also nourishes the skin and hair.

1,2 Pentanediol is also known to have antimicrobial properties.
1,2 Pentanediol offers a double advantage – 1,2 Pentanediol protects the skin from harmful bacteria that can otherwise cause body odor and acne problems on the skin.

Secondly, 1,2 Pentanediol protects the product from microbial growth, so that 1,2 Pentanediol can maintain the same quality throughout its use and shelf life.
1,2 Pentanediol is used in the formulations of creams, lotions, moisturizers, cleansers and other skin care products.

1,2 Pentanediol offers several benefits when used in skincare and cosmetic products:

Moisturization:
1,2 Pentanediol helps to hydrate the skin by retaining moisture, making 1,2 Pentanediol beneficial for individuals with dry or dehydrated skin.

Solvent:
1,2 Pentanediol serves as a solvent for various cosmetic ingredients, ensuring that the product has a uniform texture and consistency.

Preservation:
1,2 Pentanediol has antimicrobial properties, which help prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms like bacteria and fungi in cosmetic products, extending their shelf life.

Skin-Friendly:
1,2 Pentanediol is known for being mild and non-irritating, making 1,2 Pentanediol suitable for sensitive skin types and reducing the risk of skin irritation or allergic reactions.

Enhanced Ingredient Penetration:
1,2 Pentanediol can improve the absorption of other active ingredients into the skin, increasing the effectiveness of skincare formulations.

Peoduction of 1,2 Pentanediol:
1,2 Pentanediol is produced synthetically from corn and sugar cane.

Origin of 1,2 Pentanediol:
1,2 Pentanediol is based on by-products from manufacturing processes based on sugarcane residues and corn spindles.
However, 1,2 Pentanediol is manufactured in the lab as the consumption is relatively high.

Effect of 1,2 Pentanediol in the formulation:
antimicrobial
Emulsion stabilization
Moisturizer
Solvent

Physical And Chemical Properties of 1,2 Pentanediol:
1,2 Pentanediol is a physically colorless oil-free liquid.
The density of 1,2 Pentanediol is 0.994 g/mol.

The melting point of 1,2 Pentanediol is -18 °C.
1,2 Pentanediol is a stable chemical.

1,2 Pentanediol should be stored at room temperature.
1,2 Pentanediol is soluble in water.

Safety profile of 1,2 Pentanediol:
1,2 Pentanediol does not have any evidence to suggest hazardous to health, toxicity, or carcinogenicity.
1,2 Pentanediol has been found to cause mild irritation to the eyes and skin in skin types that are already sensitized or prone to irritation.

Health Effect of 1,2 Pentanediol:
1,2 Pentanediol is a semi-synthetic component.
The starting raw materials are of natural origin, but are transformed into a different form than their original state using various processes under laboratory conditions.
These are raw materials obtained without using animal sources (propolis, honey, beeswax, lanolin, collagen, snail extract, milk, etc.).

1,2 Pentanediol is a criterion that should be taken into consideration for those who want to use vegan products.
Studies have concluded that different effects can be seen on each skin type.

For this reason, the allergy/irritation effect may vary from person to person.
However, 1,2 Pentanediol may cause reactions such as stinging, tingling, itching, redness, irritation, skin flaking and swelling, especially in people with sensitive skin types.

Identifiers of 1,2 Pentanediol:
CAS Number: 5343-92-0
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-heptanoyloxypentyl heptanoate
EINECS/ELINCS No: 226-285-3
COSING REF No: 58983

Molecular Formula (1,2 Pentanediol): C5H12O2
Molecular Weight: 104.15 g/mol
Chemical Name: Pylene glycol
CAS Number: 5343-92-0

Properties of 1,2 Pentanediol:
form: solution
mol wt: Mr ~1500
packaging: pkg of 10 × 4 mL
manufacturer/tradename: Roche
shipped in: wet ice
storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: C(CO)O
InChI: 1S/C2H6O2/c3-1-2-4/h3-4H,1-2H2
InChI key: LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Other Names of 1,2 Pentanediol:

IUPAC Names:
1,5-Pentanediol
1,5-pentanediol
Pentamethylene glycol
pentane,-1,5-diol
Pentane-1,5-diol
pentane-1,5-diol
Pentane-1,5-diol
pentane-1,5-diol
Pentanediol

1,2,3,4-tetrahidroquinolina; 1,2,3,4-tétrahydroquinoléine; 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrochinolin; Kusol; Tetrahydroquinoline; 1-Azatetralin CAS NO:635-46-1

4-Cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride; 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydrophthalic anhydride; 3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione; THPA CAS NO: 85-43-8

SYNONYMS Azimidobenzene, Cobratec 99; 1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole; 2,3-Diazaindole; 1,2-Aminozophenylene; 1,2,3-Benztriazole; 1,2,3-Benzotriazole; 1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene; 1,2,3-Triazaindene; Benzene Azimide; Benzene azimide; Benzisotriazole; CAS No. 95-14-7

1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is readily soluble in most organic solvents and soluble in hot water.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is present in can-end cements.
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one belongs to the family of Benzothiazoles.


CAS Number: 2634-33-5
EC Number: 220-120-9
MDL Number: MFCD00127753
Chemical formula: C7H5NOS


These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a thiazole ring (a five-member ring with four carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom).
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, also known as benzisothiazolone or BIT, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzothiazoles. These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a thiazole ring (a five-membered ring with four carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom).


Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT).
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzothiazoles.
These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a thiazole ring (a five-membered ring with four carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom).


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) biocide is a broad spectrum microbicide for the preservation of industrial water-based products against the attack of microorganisms.
The Composition of BIT-20 is 20% solution of 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one in dipropylene glycol and water.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is an organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) has a role as a disinfectant, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, a drug allergen and a sensitiser.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound and an organic heterobicyclic compound.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4SN(H)CO.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is a white solid, it is structurally related to isothiazole, and is part of a class of molecules called isothiazolinones.
Industrial biocide 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is present in can-end cements 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one belongs to the family of Benzothiazoles.
These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a thiazole ring (a five-member ring with four carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom).


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is yellow Powder.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is an organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) has a role as a disinfectant, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, a drug allergen and a sensitiser.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound and an organic heterobicyclic compound.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is the main industrial sterilization, anti-corrosion, anti-enzyme agent.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is the main industrial sterilization, anti-corrosion, anti-enzyme agent.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) has outstanding inhibition of mold (fungi, bacteria), algae and other microorganisms in the role of the breeding of organic media, to solve the microbial breeding of organic products caused by mold, fermentation, deterioration, demulsification, and a series of questions.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is a simple isothiazolinone derivative.
Because of its good thermal stability (thermal decomposition temperature above 300 ℃), 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is beneficial to corrosion prevention.
Moreover, due to its advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity and easy degradation, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) has attracted extensive attention from experts in biology, medicine and chemistry.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is an aqueous/glycolic preparation of the biocidal active ingredient benzisothiazolinone, and has a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria, mold fungi and yeasts.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is supplied in pale yellow to yellow form and is especially suitable where there is no risk of discoloration.


The good water solubility of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) makes it easy to add at high concentrations.
Aqueous, alkaline solution of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT).
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is VOC- and solvent-free.


In the form supplied, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) has a light-yellow to yellow color, which is particularly advantageous for applications in which the risk of discoloration must be ruled out.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is an antimicrobial agent and a pharmaceutical intermediate.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) has low volatility, good thermal stability, flexible use.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is a preparation solution of water and alcohol whose active ingredient is benzisothiazolinone, and has a broad-spectrum effect on bacteria, molds and yeasts.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is sustained release agent Diuron, aqueous dispersion of IPBC and propiconazole.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is in-can preservative based on benzisothiazolinone.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is Soluble in dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4SN(H)CO.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is a combination Min. 19 % aqueous-glycolic solution of 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT).
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT), known as Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one, is an organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) possesses low volatility and good thermal stability.
The shelf life of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is 2 years.
A white solid, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is structurally related to isothiazole, and is part of a class of molecules called isothiazolinones.


The good water solubility of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) enables simple and problem-free incorporation in the concentration ranges recommended for preservation.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is VOC-, AOX-, formaldehyde- & solvent-free, in-can preservative based on benzisothiazolinone.
The shelf life of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is one year.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) has a broad spectrum of activity.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is mainly used in packaging, adhesives, detergents, disinfectants, sunscreen lotions, paints and lubricants.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) does not appear to have been extensively studied and hence little data is available.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is an organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound and an organic heterobicyclic compound.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is a commonly used biocide in industrial and consumer products, which possesses antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Data suggests 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) has a low aqueous solubility and is rapidly broken down in the environment.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is aqueous-glycolic solution of 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT).



USES and APPLICATIONS of 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is used in personal care products and cosmetics.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) acts as a disinfectant and can be used as a preservative.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is used as preservatives for latex emulsions, emulsion paints, metal-working fluids, etc.


1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one is used in personal care products and cosmetics.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) acts as a disinfectant and can be used as a preservative.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) has been used in CSG, Hydraulic Fracturing Operations (Fracking) as Industrial biocide.


Cosmetic Uses: antimicrobial agents
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is the main industrial sterilization, anti-corrosion, and anti-enzyme agent.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) has a prominent inhibition of mold, algae and other microorganisms in organic media.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) can solve organic products caused by microbial growth.
A series of problems such as mildew, fermentation, deterioration, demulsification, and odor are widely used in sterilization, marine antifouling and other fields.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is widely used in latex products, water-soluble resins, coatings (latex paint), acrylic acid and polymers in developed countries.


Polyurethane products, photographic lotion, papermaking, ink, leather, lubricating oil and other products.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is the main industrial sterilization, anti-corrosion and anti-enzyme agent.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is used as antimicrobial agent.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is widely used in industry as a preservative in water-based solutions, such as pastes, paints and cutting oils.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) exists at different concentrations in the different Proxel AB, GXL, CRL, XL2, XL, HL, TN, and in Mergal K-10.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) has been widely used in high concentrations for microbial growth control in many domestic and industrial processes, its potential eco-risk should be assessed.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is widely used as a preservative and antimicrobial.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) has a microbicide and a fungicide mode of action.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is widely used as a preservative, for example in: 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is used emulsion paints, caulks, varnishes, adhesives, inks, and photographic processing solutions, home cleaning and car care products, laundry detergents, stain removers and fabric softeners.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is used industrial settings, for example in textile spin-finish solutions, leather processing solutions, preservation of fresh animal hides and skins
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is used agriculture in pesticide formulations.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is used gas and oil drilling in muds and packer fluids preservation.


In paints, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is commonly used alone or as a mixture with methylisothiazolinone.
Typical concentrations in products are 200–400 ppm depending on the application area and the combination with other biocides.
According to a study in Switzerland, 19% of the paints, varnishes and coatings contained 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) in 2000.


The fraction in adhesives, sealants, plasters and fillers was shown at that time as 25%.
A later study in 2014 shows a dramatic rise in usage, to 95.8% of house paints.
Home cleaning and other care products that are high in water are easily contaminated by microorganisms, so isothiazolinones are often used as a preservatives in these products because they are good at combatting a broad array of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is an irritant and also a skin sensitizer.
Occupational allergie contact dermatitis has been reported mainly related to the use of cutting oils and greases in paint manufacturers, pottery mouldmakers, acrylic emulsion manufacturers, plumbers, printers and lithoprinters, paper makers, an analyticallaboratory, a rubber factory, and in employees manufacturing air fresheners.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is a commonly used biocide in industrial and consumer products, which possesses antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is mainly used in packaging, adhesives, detergents, disinfectants, sunscreen lotions, paints and lubricants.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is used as antimicrobial agent.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is specifically recommended for the preservation of polymer emulsions, paints and coatings, adhesives, and printing inks.
Therefore, developed countries will be widely used for 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) latex products, water-soluble resin, paint (latex paint), acrylic acid, polymer.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is used as Linings, photographic lotions, paper, ink, leather, lubricants and other products.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is used as a preservative in manufacturing, metalworking fluids, pottery molding, plumbing, printing, and laboratory analysis.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is used as a preservative in vinyl gloves.
In many cases 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) can be used as the only preservative.
Depending on the conditions and applications 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) can be useful to combine it with other biocides to enhance the fungicidal efficacy.


1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is highly suitable for the preservation of a wide variety of aqueous products due to their good properties:
- Good stability at high pH (3-13)
- Good stability at high temperatures
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is widely used in paint industry, cutting oils, water systems, cosmetics, household goods.


Most common applications include the preservation of polymer latexes and emulsion systems, water-based paints, coatings, adhesives, oil-in-water emulsions, textile spin-finish solutions, fountain solutions, and for bacterial control in the paper-making process.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is an effective preservative in most aqueous compositions.


For protection against bacterial contamination, a concentration of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) 20% ranging from 0.05 to 0.4% is generally adequate.
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is a preservative that belongs to the group of isothiazolinones.
The preservative is added to aqueous products to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi.


-Common sources and uses of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT):
*Paint and varnish
*Water-based colorless wood primers
*Basic cleaning agents
*Wallpaper adhesive, tissue adhesive
*Glue
*Polish
*Hardener's
*Coolant cutting fluid
*Impregnation
*Disinfection and cleaning agents
*Wet-wipes (wet wipes)
*Paint
*Cleaning products



TYPES OF 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
*Preservatives for products during storage
*Slimicides
*Working or cutting fluid preservatives



PRODUCTION OF 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is prepared from dithiosalicylic acid after cleavage with thionyl chloride/sulfuryl chloride, reaction with ammonia and sodium hydroxide solution and then treatment with hydrochloric acid.



BENEFITS OF 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
*Broad spectrum activity in high pH systems, controlling bacteria, fungi and yeasts.
*Stable in the presence of amines.
*Non specific mode of action, resulting in reduced microbial resistance potential.
*Ease of handling due to its liquid form and good compatibility in most aqueous compositions.
*Excellent performance with co-biocides like CMI/MI, bronopol or formaldehyde releasers, which allow performance enhancements and cost reduction.
*The active ingredient is non-volatile and has a comparatively high heat stability which allows the incorporation in fluids which are still hot.
*High purity active ingredient, made evident by its clear light colour.



WHERE IS 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT) FOUND?
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is most frequently found in paints and industrial products
1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) can be found in some types of vinyl gloves and neoprene gloves



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
*Benzenoids
*Thiazoles
*Heteroaromatic compounds
*Azacyclic compounds
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Organooxygen compounds
*Organonitrogen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
*1,2-benzothiazole
*Benzenoid
*Heteroaromatic compound
*Thiazole
*Azole
*Azacycle
*Organic nitrogen compound
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organopnictogen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Organonitrogen compound
*Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound



BASIC PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS of 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
*broad-spectrum and fast-acting protection
*excellent efficiency at low concentration
*free of VOCs and solvents



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
Melting Point: 154-158ºC
Boiling Point: 204.5ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 77.5ºC
Molecular Formula: C7H5NOS
Molecular Weight: 151.18600
Density: 1.367g/cm3
Molecular Weight: 151.19
XLogP3-AA: 1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 151.00918496
Monoisotopic Mass: 151.00918496
Topological Polar Surface Area: 54.4 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 160
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Chemical formula: C7H5NOS
Molar mass: 151.18 g·mol−1
Appearance: white powder
Melting point: 158 °C (316 °F; 431 K)[1]
Solubility in water: 1 g/L
Appearance: white powder (est)
Assay: 97.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 154.00 to 158.00 °C. @ 0.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 204.00 to 205.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.183000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 172.00 °F. TCC ( 77.50 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.953 (est)
Soluble in: water, 2.143e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Melting point: 154-158 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 360°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.2170 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5500 (estimate)
storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: Soluble in dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol.
form: neat
pka: 10.19±0.20(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Water Solubility: 1.288g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: DMSMPAJRVJJAGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.7 at 20℃

Physical state: crystalline
Color: light yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 154 - 158 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 328,7 °C at ca.1.013,25 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: 400 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 1.153 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 0,63 - 0,76 at 20 °C Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: < 0,0001 hPa at 25 °C
Density: No data available
Relative density: 1,48 at 20 °C
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Surface tension 72,6 mN/m at 20 °C
Molecular Formula: C7H5NOS
Molar Mass: 151.18
Density: 1.367g/cm3
Melting Point: 154-158℃
Boling Point: 204.5°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 77.5°C

Vapor Presure: 0.183mmHg at 25°C
Appearance: Yellow powder
Storage Condition: 2-8℃
Refractive Index: 1.66
MDL: MFCD00127753
Melting point: 154-158°C
Water Solubility: 3.21 g/L
logP: 1.24
logP: 1.36
logS: -1.7
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 9.48
pKa (Strongest Basic): -8.5
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 29.1 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Refractivity: 39.51 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 14.49 ų
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No



FIRST AID MEASURES of 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
-Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE (BIT):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Proxel XL
2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazole
Benzocil
Proxan
1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
proxel
Proxel AB;proxelpl
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-One
PROXELHL
proxil
1,2-benzoisothiazolin-3-one
BIOCIDE--BIT
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
2634-33-5
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one
1,2-benzothiazol-3-one
benzisothiazolone
Benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one
Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one
1,2-Benzisothiazoline-3-one
Proxel
Proxel PL
benzoisothiazol-3-one
1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE
Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-ol
2,3-dihydro-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one
Benzisothiazolin-3-one
1,2-benzoisothiazolin-3-one
Nipacide BIT
Proxel AB
3-Hydroxy-1,2-benzisothiazole
C7H5NOS
Proxel XL 2
1,2-Benzisothiazolone
1,2-benzisothiazolinone
1,2-Benzoisothiazol-3-one
IPX
CHEBI:167099
HRA0F1A4R3
1,2-Benzoisothiazoline-3-one
DTXSID5032523
2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazole
MLS-0254244.0001
Benzo(d)isothiazol-3(2H)-one
Caswell No. 079A
Caswell No. 513A
Benzocil
Acticide BIT
Canguard BIT
Denicide BIT
Proxel BD
Proxel CF
Proxel TN
Proxel XL
Proxel BDN
Proxel GXL
Proxel Ultra 5
San-aibac AP
Proxel LV-S
Proxel Press Paste
Apizas AP-DS
Acticide BW 20
Bestcide 200K
Nipacide BIT 20
Parmetol B 70
Parmetol D 11
Proxel GXL(S)
Proxel HL 2
Nuosept 485
Nuosept 491
Nuosept 495
Topcide 600
XBINX
CCRIS 6369
Denicide BIT 20N
Koralone B 119
Nipacide BIT 10W
Preventol BIT 20D
Proxel BD 20
Proxel Press Paste D
Troysan 1050
Bioban BIT 20DPG
benzisothiazoline-3-one
Canguard BIT 20DPG
EINECS 220-120-9
SD 202 (bactericide)
UNII-HRA0F1A4R3
Canguard Ultra BIT 20LE
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 098901
BIT 10W
BIT 20
2-Thiobenzimide
2,3-Dihydrobenzisothiazol-3-one
SD 202
ORISTAR BIT
1,2-BENZISOTHAZOL-3(2H)-ONE
1,2-Benzothiazolinone
Benzisothiazolone (BIT)
Epitope ID:115004
Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
Benzo(D) Isothiazol-3-one
SCHEMBL26078
40991-37-5
cid_17520
MLS000771034
REGID_for_CID_17520
CHEMBL297304
SCHEMBL5586024
DTXCID3012523
BDBM46658
HSDB 8271
BENZISOTHIAZOLINONE [INCI]
HMS1755P21
HMS2706H20
ZINC2581983
Tox21_300489
MFCD00044001
1, 2-BENZISOTHIAZOLIN-3-ONE
AKOS001062434
AKOS030227972
AC-2653
CS-W018117
FS-3163
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 97%
NCGC00164206-01
NCGC00248077-01
NCGC00254467-01
SMR000344133
US9011882, Table 1, Compound 20
CAS-2634-33-5
BENZISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE, 1,2-
DB-027306
AM20060449
B2430
FT-0606282
EN300-17679
A818398
AE-562/40151878
Q411746
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, analytical standard
W-107178
Z56983154
F0288-0100
1,2-Benzothiazol-3(2H)-one
Benzisothiazolinone
Benzisothiazolin-3-one, Benzisothiazolone
BIT
1,2-BENZISOTHIAZOLIN-3-ONE
BENZISOTHIAZOLINONE
BIT-85
Benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one
BENZISOTHIAZOLONE
proxel
1,2-Benzisothiazolin
Benzisothiazolin-3-on (BIT)
1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one
1,2-Benzisothiazoline-3-one
1,2-Benzisothiazolinone
2-Thiobenzimide
Benzisothiazolone
Benzo[D]isothiazol-3-one
C7H5NOS
IPX
Proxan
Proxel
Proxel PL
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
3-Hydroxy-1,2-benzisothiazole
Acticide BIT
Apizas AP-DS
BIT
Benzisothiazolone
Benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one
Benzocil
Bestcide 200K
Bioban BIT 20DPG
Canguard BIT
Canguard BIT 20DPG
Proxel BD
Topcide 600
Canguard BIT 20DPG
Proxel BD 20
Proxel XL
Proxel BD
Canguard BIT 20AS-E
Proxel AQ
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-one
BIT 20, GXL
Parmetol B 70
Denicide BIT
Proxel Ultra 5
1,2-Benzisothiazolone
Koralone B 119, BIT 10W
Benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one
1,2-Benzoisothiazol-3-one
Nuosept 491
Proxel Press Paste D
Nuosept 485
Acticide BW 20
Proxel GXL
3-Hydroxy-1,2-benzisothiazole
Benzisothiazolone
AQ
Benzisothiazolin-3-one
Denicide BIT 20N
Mergal 753
Nipacide BIT 20
Proxel BDN
Proxel HL 2
Parmetol D 11
Benzisothiazolinone
Apizas AP-DS, SD 202
Proxel PL
Acticide BIT
AQ (antibacterial)
Benzoisothiazol-3-one
2,3-Dihydrobenzisothiazol-3-one
Acticide B 20N
Bioban BIT 20DPG
Rocima 640
Nipacide BIT
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
Nuosept 495
Proxel LV-S
Proxel LV
Troysan 1050
Canguard BIT
Benzocil
Canguard Ultra BIT 20LE
Proxel CF
Nipacide BIT 10W
Proxel TN
Topcide 600
San-aibac AP
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (6CI,7CI,8CI)
Preventol BIT 20D
BIT
Proxel GXL(S),1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one
1,2-Benzisothiazoline-3-one
1,2-Benzisothiazolinone HMDB
2,3-Dihydro-3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazole
2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1,2-Benzisothiazole
2-Thiobenzimide
Benzisothiazolinone
Benzisothiazolone
benzo[D]Isothiazol-3-one
BIT
Proxan
proxel
proxelpl
Proxel XL
Benzisothiazolinone
Benzisothiazolin-3-one
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-One
1,2-benzothiazol-3(2H)-one
1.2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one
1,2-BENZISOTHAZOL-3(2H)-One
1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-One
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-One (BIT)
1,2-Benzisothiazoline-3(2H)-one
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-One HYDRATE
1,2-phenylpropylisothiazoline-3-ketone
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
Benzisothiazolin-3-one
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-One
1,2-BIT
benzisothiazolone
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one
1,2-Benzisothiazoline-3-one
2,3-Dihydro-3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazole
Benzisothiazolone
BI
BIT
IPX
Proxel
Benzisothiazolinone
1,2-Benzisothiazolinone
2-Thiobenzimide
benzo[D]Isothiazol-3-one
C7H5NOS
Proxan
Proxel PL
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
Canguard BIT 20DPG
Proxel BD 20
Proxel XL
Proxel BD
Canguard BIT 20AS-E
Proxel AQ
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-one
BIT 20, GXL
Parmetol B 70
Denicide BIT
Proxel Ultra 5
1,2-Benzisothiazolone
Koralone B 119
BIT 10W
Benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one
1,2-Benzoisothiazol-3-one
Nuosept 491
Proxel Press Paste D
Nuosept 485
Acticide BW 20
Proxel GXL
3-Hydroxy-1,2-benzisothiazole
Benzisothiazolone
AQ
Benzisothiazolin-3-one
Denicide BIT 20N
Mergal 753
Nipacide BIT 20
Proxel BDN
Proxel HL 2
Parmetol D 11
Benzisothiazolinone
Apizas AP-DS
SD 202
Proxel PL
Acticide BIT
AQ (antibacterial)
Benzoisothiazol-3-one
2,3-Dihydrobenzisothiazol-3-one
Acticide B 20N
Bioban BIT 20DPG
Rocima 640
Nipacide BIT
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
Nuosept 495
Proxel LV-S
Proxel LV
Troysan 1050
Canguard BIT
Benzocil
Canguard Ultra BIT 20LE
Proxel CF
Nipacide BIT 10W
Proxel TN
Topcide 600
San-aibac AP
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (6CI,7CI,8CI)
Preventol BIT 20D
BIT
Proxel GXL(S)
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one
1,2-Benzisothiazolone
3-Hydroxy-1,2-benzisothiazole
Proxel PL
Proxel Press Paste
Proxel XL 2
Proxel AB
Proxel GXL
Topcide 600
San-aibac AP
Proxel BDN
Proxel BD 20
1,2-Benzoisothiazol-3-one
XBINX
Proxel BD
Benzisothiazolone
Proxel CF
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-one
Proxel TN
Bestcide 200K
Parmetol B 70
BIT
Proxel LV-S
Proxel Press Paste D
Apizas AP-DS
Proxel HL 2
Benzocil
Denicide BIT
SD 202
Nuosept 495
Nipacide BIT 20
Nuosept 491
Nipacide BIT
Canguard BIT
Nuosept 485
SD 202 (bactericide)
Benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one
Denicide BIT 20N
Acticide BIT
Benzoisothiazol-3-one
Bioban BIT 20DPG
Canguard BIT 20DPG
Proxel Ultra 5
Parmetol D 11
Canguard Ultra BIT 20LE
Koralone B 119
2,3-Dihydrobenzisothiazol-3-one
Benzisothiazolin-3-one
GXL
Preventol BIT 20D
Troysan 1050
Acticide BW 20
BIT 20
Nipacide BIT 10W
BIT 10W
Proxel XL
AQ
AQ (antibacterial)
Proxel GXL(S)
Canguard BIT 20AS-E
Acticide B 20N
Bioban Ultra Bit
Rocima 640
Proxel LV
Proxel AQ
Benzisothiazolinone
Mergal 753
Cation BIT 20
1,2-benzothiazoline-3-one
1,2-benzothiazolin-3-one
Acticide B 20
B 20
Bioban Ultra BIT 20
Microcave BIT
Nuosept BIT Technical
Promex 20D
Colipa P 96
BIT 20LE
Proxel K
2,3-Dihydro-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one
Proxel XL-II
Proxel XL 11
Biox P 520W
Nuosept 498G
P 520W
BIT 521
BIT 665
XL 2
Acticide BIT 20N
Preventol BIT 20N
AZVIII 40A
Nipacide BIT 40
Lamfix SK
40991-37-5
54392-14-2
75037-67-1
101964-01-6
552320-00-0
919284-21-2
934197-15-6
1094749-54-8
1148150-72-4
1376937-61-9
1399460-92-4
1623463-70-6
1813531-93-9
2376801-76-0

1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one; BIT; Proxel; 2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one; Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one; Benzisothiazolin-3-one CAS NO:2634-33-5

1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester; Diisononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate cas no:474919-59-0

1,2-Dibromoethane, also known as ethylene dibromide (EDB), is an organobromine compound with the chemical formula C2H4Br2.
Although trace amounts occur naturally in the ocean, where 1,2-Dibromoethane is formed probably by algae and kelp, 1,2-Dibromoethane is mainly synthetic.
1,2-Dibromoethane appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sweetish odor.

CAS Number: 106-93-4
EC Number: 203-444-5
Chemical Formula: CH2BrCH2Br
Molar Mass: 187.87 g/mol

1,2-Dibromoethane is a dense colorless liquid with a faint, sweet odor, detectable at 10 ppm, and is a widely used and sometimes-controversial fumigant.
The combustion of 1,2-dibromoethane produces hydrogen bromide gas that is significantly corrosive.

1,2-Dibromoethane is density 18.1 lb /gal.
1,2-Dibromoethane is slightly soluble in water.

1,2-Dibromoethane is soluble in most organic solvents and thinners.
1,2-Dibromoethane is noncombustible.

1,2-Dibromoethane is very toxic by inhalation, skin absorption or ingestion.
1,2-Dibromoethane is used as a solvent, scavenger for lead in gasoline, grain fumigant and in the manufacture of other chemicals.

1,2-Dibromoethane is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
1,2-Dibromoethane is used in articles, in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

1,2-dibromoethane can effect the brain, damage skin, damage sperm in men, and cause death at very high exposures.
Breathing 1,2-dibromoethane can irritate the lungs causing coughing or shortness of breath.

Breathing higher levels of 1,2-dibromoethane can cause a build up of fluids in the lungs (pulmonary oedema).
High exposures can cause dizziness, drowsiness, headache, vomiting and unconsciousness.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies 1,2-dibromoethane as a 'probable human carcinogen'.
Worksafe Australia categorises 1,2-dibromoethane as a 'Probable human carcinogen'.
Other long-term effects of exposure to 1,2-dibromoethane are damage to the liver and kidneys and bronchitis.

1,2-dibromoethane is widely used as a bromine source in organic synthesis.
1,2-Dibromoethane is utilized as a fumigant for treatment of logs for termites and beetles, for control of moths in beehives.

1,2-Dibromoethane finds the application to make vinyl bromide, a precursor to some fire retardants.
1,2-Dibromoethane is used as an intermediate in the preparation of dyes and pharmaceuticals.
1,2-Dibromoethane is also used as a lead scavenger in antiknock mixtures added to gasolines.

1,2-Dibromoethane, primarily a scavenger of lead compounds in gasoline, has also been used extensively as a fumigant for 1,2-Dibromoethane chemical and biocidal properties as a soil sterilant and a spot fumigant or control agent in grain milling machinery, grain, and in fruit and vegetable infestations.
In addition to 1,2-Dibromoethane tumor-causing capabilities in rats and mice; 1,2-Dibromoethane has been documented to cause changes in sperm morphology in bulls.

Spermatids appear to be the target for this compound and 1,2-Dibromoethane has been shown to affect spermatogenesis in rat, bulls and rams and to affect fertility in fowl.
Human studies indicate that 1,2-Dibromoethane may harm sperm and decrease fertility.
While 1,2-Dibromoethane is a reproductive toxin, 1,2-Dibromoethane does not appear to be teratogenic.

1,2-Dibromoethane is a manufactured chemical.
1,2-Dibromoethane also occurs naturally in small amounts in the ocean where 1,2-Dibromoethane is formed, probably by algae and kelp.

1,2-Dibromoethane is a colorless liquid with a mild, sweet odor.
Other names for 1,2-dibromoethane are ethylene dibromide, EDB, and glycol bromide.
Trade names include Bromofume and Dowfume.

1,2-Dibromoethane has been used as a pesticide in soil, and on citrus, vegetable, and grain crops.
Most of these uses have been stopped by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) since 1984.

Another major use was as an additive in leaded gasoline.
However, since leaded gasoline is now banned, 1,2-Dibromoethane is no longer used for this purpose.
1,2-Dibromoethane is uses today include treatment of logs for termites and beetles, control of moths in beehives, and as a preparation for dyes and waxes.

1,2-Dibromoethane is a colorless liquid with a strong odor that was once used as a pesticide.
In addition to being used to kill insects and other pests, 1,2-Dibromoethane was also added to gasoline.

1,2-Dibromoethane is mostly manmade but may be found naturally in the ocean in very small amounts.
1,2-Dibromoethane vaporizes and easily and will mix easily with water.

Small amounts of 1,2-Dibromoethane can be found in soil near hazardous waste sites.
1,2-Dibromoethane can also be found on agricultural fields or in areas once used for farming.

While 1,2-Dibromoethane remains in groundwater and soil for a long time, 1,2-Dibromoethane breaks down quickly in the air.
Generally, environmental levels are very low.

In the 1970s and early 1980s, 1,2-Dibromoethane was used to kill insects and worms on fruits, vegetables and grain crops.
1,2-Dibromoethane was also used to protect grass on golf courses and as an additive in leaded gasoline.
Most of these uses stopped in 1984.

1,2-dibromoethane is a largely obsolete insecticide.
1,2-Dibromoethane is not approved for use in many countries.
1,2-Dibromoethane is highly soluble in water and volatile, classified as a POP.

1,2-Dibromoethane can be very persistent in soil systems depending on soil type and environmental conditions.
1,2-Dibromoethane also has the potential to leach to groundwater.

1,2-bromoethane tends to have a low to medium toxicity to most biodiversity although there are gaps in data.
1,2-Dibromoethane has a moderate level of oral toxicity to humans, is a probable carcinogen and may also affect human fertility/reproduction.

1,2-Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide) is commonly used as an ‘entrainment reagent’ to chemically activate magnesium in Grignard reagents.
1,2-Dibromoethane reacts with magnesium to expose a clean, reactive surface capable of converting otherwise unreactive halides into Grignard reagents.

1,2-Dibromoethane has many advantages over other entrainment agents.
1,2-Dibromoethane reacts with magnesium to give MgBr2 and ethylene as byproducts and hence does not introduce a second Grignard reagent to the system.

1,2-Dibromoethane is also a useful reagent for activating zinc.
1,2-Dibromoethane can be used as a source of electrophilic bromine for bromination of carbanions and also acts as an alkylating agent with many enolates.

1,2-Dibromoethane is a precursor to numerous 1,2-disubstituted ethane derivatives, for example 1,2-ethanedithiol.
In addition, 1,2-Dibromoethane acts as a sacrificial reductant in the conversion of thiocarbonyl compounds to carbonyl compounds and as an excellent oxidizer in domino carbopalladation–cyclization processes.

1,2-Dibromoethane was used as a scavenger of lead antiknock agents in gasoline and as a soil fumigant for fumigation of grains and fruits until the early 1980s.
1,2-Dibromoethane is a useful intermediate in the synthesis of dyes and pharmaceuticals.

Applications of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-dibromoethane is widely used as a bromine source in organic synthesis.
1,2-Dibromoethane is utilized as a fumigant for treatment of logs for termites and beetles, for control of moths in beehives.

1,2-Dibromoethane finds the application to make vinyl bromide, a precursor to some fire retardants.
1,2-Dibromoethane is used as an intermediate in the preparation of dyes and pharmaceuticals.
1,2-Dibromoethane is also used as a lead scavenger in antiknock mixtures added to gasolines.

1,2-Dibromoethane can be used:
To prepare functionalized styrenes by reacting with arylboronic acids via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction.
Along with potassium iodide(KI) for α-acyloxylation of ketones with carboxylic acids without the use of transition metals and strong oxidants.

In the synthesis of 5-aryl/alkyl-2-vinyl-2H-tetrazoles through one-pot regioselective vinylation of 5-tetrazoles without a metal catalyst or organocatalyst.
In the preparation of aryltriethoxysilane using aryl bromide, Mg powder and tetraethyl orthosilicate through sonochemical Barbier-type reaction.
As a reoxidizing reagent along with a silver catalyst in the regioselective carbomagnesiation of terminal alkynes with alkyl Grignard reagents.

Uses of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane is used as an ethylation reagent and solvent; Used as a nematicide and a synthetic plant growth regulator in agriculture.
1,2-Dibromoethane is used as an intermediate for synthesizing diethylbromophenylacetonitrile in medicine.

1,2-Dibromoethane is used as a flame retardant for bromoethylene and vinylidene dibromobenzene.
1,2-Dibromoethane is also used as the elimination agent of lead in gasoline anti-seismic liquid, metal surface treatment agent and fire extinguishing agent.

1,2-Dibromoethane was used in the past as an additive to leaded gasoline.
However, since leaded gasoline is now banned, 1,2-Dibromoethane is no longer used for this purpose.
1,2-Dibromoethane is currently used in the treatment of felled logs for bark beetles and termites, and control of wax moths in beehives.

1,2-Dibromoethane is used as a fumigant, a solvent, a scavenger for lead in leaded gasoline, and an intermediate in organic synthesis.
No longer used in the United States as a soil or grain fumigant.

Restricted Notes:
1,2-Dibromoethane is use as fumigant suspended by EPA due to toxicity and ground water contamination.

1,2-Dibromoethane is used in soil and grain fumigant.
1,2-Dibromoethane is used as lead scavenger in anti-knock gasolines.

1,2-Dibromoethane is a versatile reagent in organic synthesis.
Major uses in this category are as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals (tetramisole, theodrenaline), herbicides (diquat dibromide), and dyes (Vat Blue 16), where 1,2-Dibromoethane provides an ''ethylene bridge'' in the molecular structure.

1,2-Dibromoethane is used as a nonflammable solvent for resins, gums, and waxes.
Additionally, EDB can be used as a raw material in the synthesis of chemicals such as vinyl bromide (a precursor of flame-retardants) and styrenic block copolymers.

1,2-Dibromoethane was once widely used as an additive in leaded gasoline and a pesticide, however, today 1,2-Dibromoethane's use is restricted to only certain pesticides (treatment of logs for termites and beetles, control of moths in beehives) and dye preparations.

Uses at industrial sites of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane is used in the following products: fuels, laboratory chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pH regulators and water treatment products, photo-chemicals and polymers.
1,2-Dibromoethane has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

1,2-Dibromoethane is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
1,2-Dibromoethane is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.

Release to the environment of 1,2-Dibromoethane can occur from industrial use: of substances in closed systems with minimal release, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), manufacturing of 1,2-Dibromoethane, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and formulation of mixtures.
Other release to the environment of 1,2-Dibromoethane is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Industry Uses of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Fuel agents

Consumer Uses of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Fuel agents

Preparation and Use of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane is produced by the reaction of ethylene gas with bromine, in a classic halogen addition reaction:
CH2=CH2 + Br2 → BrCH2–CH2Br

Historically, 1,2-dibromoethane was used as a component in anti-knock additives in leaded fuels.
1,2-Dibromoethane reacts with lead residues to generate volatile lead bromides, thereby preventing fouling of the engine with lead deposits.

Pesticide:
1,2-Dibromoethane has been used as a pesticide in soil and on various crops.
The applications were initiated after the forced retirement of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP).

Most of these uses have been stopped in the U.S.
1,2-Dibromoethane continues to be used as a fumigant for treatment of logs for termites and beetles, for control of moths in beehives.

Reagent:
1,2-Dibromoethane has wider applications in the preparation of other organic compounds including those carrying modified diazocine rings and vinyl bromide that is a precursor to some fire retardants.

In organic synthesis, 1,2-dibromoethane is used as a source of bromine to brominate carbanions and to activate magnesium for certain Grignard reagents.
In the latter process, 1,2-dibromoethane reacts with magnesium, producing ethene and magnesium bromide, and exposes a freshly etched portion of magnesium to the substrate.

Methods of Manufacturing of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane is made from ethylene and bromine.
1,2-Dibromoethane is also made from acetylene and hydrobromic acid.

1,2-Dibromoethane is manufactured via uncatalyzed, liquid-phase bromination of ethylene.
Gaseous ethylene is brought into contact with bromine by various methods, allowing for dissipation of the heat of the reaction.

The commercial manufacturing process is carried out in a glass column reactor consisting of a lower packed section and an unpacked upper section containing a number of superimposed, high-capacity, coil heat exchangers.
Liquid bromine is continuously added above the packed section while a slight excess of ethylene is continuously fed countercurrently from the bottom of the packed section.

The exothermic reaction between ethylene and bromine occurs in the liquid phase on the surfaces of the cooling coils, and heat is removed at a rate sufficient to maintain a maximum temperature of 100 °C and the section of the column.
Some reaction also occurs in the gas phase above the bromine feed where product is condensed and separated from the vent gas (ethylene, hydrogen bromide, and interact material).

As the crude liquid product passes downward through the packed section, 1,2-Dibromoethane provides a contacting surface for rising ethylene to convert any residual dissolved bromine.
Ethylene dibromide is continuously withdrawn from the reactor into a hold-up tank where 1,2-Dibromoethane is irradiated with ultraviolet light to eliminate minor amounts of unconverted starting materials.

Nature of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
At room temperature and atmospheric pressure for a volatile colorless liquid, there are special sweet.

Boiling point 131.4 °c.
Melting point 9.9 °c. Freezing point -8.3 °c.
Refractive index 5380.
Viscosity (20 C) 11 727mPa.s.
Surface tension (20 °c) 38.91mN/m.
The relative density was 2.1792.
Vapor pressure (20 °c) 1-133kPa.

Relatively stable at room temperature, but in light can slowly decompose into toxic substances.
Soluble in about 250 times of water, and ethanol, ether, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, gasoline and other organic solvents miscible, and the formation of azeotrope.

Properties of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane is a colorless, heavy (d = 2.18 g·cm–3) liquid with a mild, chloroform-like sweaty odor (mp 9–10 °C; bp 131.4 °C).
1,2-Dibromoethane is miscible with all common organic solvents and itself a good solvent for resins, gums, and waxes.

In the Cristol procedure for bromination of bridgehead acids, 1,2-dibromoethane is used as a solvent instead of CCl4 to avoid the formation of chloride byproduct.
Tests on animals indicated that over-exposure to this reagent may cause reproductive disorders.
For humans 1,2-Dibromoethane can cause damages to liver, kidneys, and lungs.

Health effects of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane causes changes in the metabolism and severe destruction of living tissues.
The known empirical LD50 values for 1,2-dibromoethane are 140 mg kg−1 (oral, rat), and 300.0 mg kg−1 (dermal, rabbit).
1,2-Dibromoethane is a known carcinogen, with pre-1977 exposure levels ranking 1,2-Dibromoethane as the most carcinogenic substance on the HERP Index.

The effects on people of breathing high levels are not known, but animal studies with short-term exposures to high levels caused depression and collapse, indicating effects on the brain.
Changes in the brain and behavior were also seen in young rats whose male parents had breathed 1,2-dibromoethane, and birth defects were observed in the young of animals that were exposed while pregnant.

1,2-Dibromoethane is not known to cause birth defects in humans.
Swallowing has caused death at 40ml doses.

Safety of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
vapor toxic, high concentration can cause anesthesia, general anesthesia can cause pulmonary edema death.
The lowest poisoning concentration in the air 25*10-6.

Inhalation lethal concentration was 1000 × 10-6.
1,2-Dibromoethane is carcinogenic to rodents.

The maximum allowable concentration in air is 130 × 10 -9.
The vapor irritates the respiratory tract, damages the liver and kidneys.

Liquid contact with the skin can cause ulceration.
When contaminated, should immediately take off the coat, dry the skin.
Production sites should be well ventilated, equipped with gas masks and protective clothing.

Storage and transportation conditions and protection requirements are the same as (a) methyl bromide, and avoid contact with aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, or contact with strong alkali and chlorine-rich substances.
The Joint International Air Transport Code is article 727 poison B.

First Aid Measures of 1,2-Dibromoethane:

Eyes:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Skin:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

Inhalation:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area.
Take deep breaths of fresh air.

IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.

Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used.
If not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

Ingestion:
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.
Generally, the induction of vomiting is NOT recommended outside of a physician's care due to the risk of aspirating the chemical into the victim's lungs.

However, if the victim is conscious and not convulsing and if medical help is not readily available, consider the risk of inducing vomiting because of the high toxicity of the chemical ingested.
Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used in such an emergency.

IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Other:
Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring.
Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, 1,2-Dibromoethane chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure.

Fire Fighting of 1,2-Dibromoethane:

Smaşş Fire:
Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire:
Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
If 1,2-Dibromoethane can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involing Tanks or Car/Trailer Loads:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.

Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

Accidental Release Measures of 1,2-Dibromoethane:

Immediate Precautionary Measure:
Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Fire:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of 1,2-Dibromoethane:

Personal protection:
Filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of 1,2-Dibromoethane.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.
Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Accidental Release Measures:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Wear respiratory protection.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Ventilate area of spill or leak.
If in liq form, collect for reclamation or absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material.
If in solid form, collect in most convenient and safe manner for reclamation.

Precautions For "Carcinogens":
A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms.
Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially.

Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal.
The plastic bag should be sealed immediately.
The sealed bag should be labelled properly.

Waste liquids should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal.
The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled.

Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface is not contaminated.
The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled.
Broken glassware should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators.

Identifiers of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
CAS: 106-93-4
EC Number: 203-444-5
Molar Mass: 187.87 g/mol
Chemical Formula: CH₂BrCH₂Br
Hill Formula: C₂H₄Br₂

CAS number: 106-93-4
EC index number: 602-010-00-6
EC number: 203-444-5
Hill Formula: C₂H₄Br₂
Chemical formula: CH₂BrCH₂Br
Molar Mass: 187.87 g/mol
HS Code: 2903 62 00

CAS Number: 106-93-4
Abbreviations: EDB
Beilstein Reference: 605266
ChEBI: : CHEBI:28534
ChEMBL: ChEMBL452370
ChemSpider: 7551
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.132
EC Number: 203-444-5
KEGG: C11088
MeSH: Ethylene+Dibromide
PubChem CID: 7839
RTECS number: KH9275000
UNII: 1N41638RNO
UN number: 1605
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3020415
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4Br2/c3-1-2-4/h1-2H2
Key: PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: BrCCBr

CAS: 106-93-4
Molecular Formula: C2H4Br2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 187.862
MDL Number: MFCD00000233
InChI Key: PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 7839
ChEBI: CHEBI:28534
IUPAC Name: 1,2-dibromoethane
SMILES: C(CBr)Br

Typical Properties of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Chemical formula: C2H4Br2
Molar mass: 187.862 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: faintly sweet
Density: 2.18 g mL−1
Melting point: 9.4 to 10.2 °C; 48.8 to 50.3 °F; 282.5 to 283.3 K
Boiling point: 129 to 133 °C; 264 to 271 °F; 402 to 406 K
Solubility in water: 0.4% (20 °C)
log P: 2.024
Vapor pressure: 1.56 kPa
Henry's law constant (kH): 14 μmol Pa kg−1
Refractive index (nD): 1.539

Boiling point: 132 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 2.18 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Ignition temperature: 490 °C
Melting Point: 10 °C
Vapor pressure: 72 hPa (55.0 °C)
Solubility: 4.04 g/l

Vapor density: ~6.5 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
Vapor pressure: 11.7 mmHg ( 25 °C)
Assay: 98%
Form: liquid
Refractive index: n20/D 1.539 (lit.)
bp: 131-132 °C (lit.)
mp: 8-11 °C (lit.)
Density: 2.18 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: BrCCBr
InChI: 1S/C2H4Br2/c3-1-2-4/h1-2H2
InChI key: PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 187.86
XLogP3: 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 187.86593
Monoisotopic Mass: 185.86798
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 2.175 - 2.180
Water (K. F.): ≤ 0.10 %

Melting Point: 9°C to 10°C
Density: 2.179
Boiling Point: 132°C
Flash Point: None
Linear Formula: BrCH2CH2Br
UN Number: UN1605
Merck Index: 14,3796
Refractive Index: 1.5385
Quantity: 1000 g
Solubility Information: Miscible with alcohol,acetone,benzene,diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. Slightly miscible with water.
Sensitivity: Light sensitive
Formula Weight: 187.87
Percent Purity: 99%
Chemical Name or Material: 1,2-Dibromoethane

Thermochemistry of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
Heat capacity (C): 134.7 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 223.30 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −1.2419–−1.2387 MJ mol−1

Related compounds of 1,2-Dibromoethane:

Related alkanes:
Dibromomethane
Bromoform
Tetrabromomethane
1,1-Dibromoethane
Tetrabromoethane
1,2-Dibromopropane
1,3-Dibromopropane
1,2,3-Tribromopropane

Names of 1,2-Dibromoethane:

Preferred IUPAC name:
1,2-Dibromoethane

Regulatory process names:
1,2-Dibrom-ethan
1,2-dibrom-ethan
1,2-Dibromethan
1,2-dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
1,2-dibromoethane
1,2-dibromoethane (EDB)
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
Ethylene dibromide

Translated names:
1,2-dibrometan (no)
1,2-dibrometan (ro)
1,2-dibrometan (sv)
1,2-dibrometanas (lt)
1,2-dibromethan (cs)
1,2-dibromethan (da)
1,2-Dibromethan (de)
1,2-dibrometāns (lv)
1,2-dibromoetaan (et)
1,2-dibromoetan (hr)
1,2-dibromoetan (pl)
1,2-dibromoetan (sl)
1,2-dibromoetano (es)
1,2-dibromoetano (it)
1,2-dibromoetano (pt)
1,2-dibromoéthane (fr)
1,2-dibroomethaan (nl)
1,2-dibrómetán (hu)
1,2-dibrómetán (sk)
1,2-etyleenidibromidi (fi)
1,2-etylendibromid (no)
1,2-etylendibromid (sv)
1,2-διβρωμοαιθάνιο (el)
1,2-дибромоетан (bg)
bromek etylenu (pl)
dibromek etylenu (pl)
Ethylendibromid (de)

CAS name:
Ethane, 1,2-dibromo-

IUPAC name:
1,2-Dibromethan
1,2-DIBROMOETHANE
1,2-Dibromoethane
1,2-dibromoethane
1,2-dibromoethane
Dibromoethane
Ethylene dibromide

Other names:
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene bromide
Glycol bromide

Other identifier:
106-93-4

Synonyms of 1,2-Dibromoethane:
1,2-Dibromoethane
106-93-4
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
Ethylene bromide
sym-Dibromoethane
Ethane, 1,2-dibromo-
alpha,beta-Dibromoethane
Bromuro di etile
1,2-Dibromaethan
1,2-Dibroomethaan
1,2-Ethylene dibromide
Aadibroom
Bromofume
Sanhyuum
Soilbrom
Soilfume
Celmide
Edabrom
Kopfume
Unifume
Nefis
Dibromure D'ethylene
Fumo-gas
Glycol Dibromide
Iscobrome D
Dowfume EDB
Soilbrom-90ec
alpha,omega-Dibromoethane
Soilbrom-40
Soilbrom-85
Soilbrom-90
Dowfume 40
Dowfume W-8
Pestmaster edb-85
Soilbrom-100
Aethylenbromid
Dwubromoetan
Dowfume W-90
Dowfume W-100
E-D-Bee
Rcra waste number U067
1,2-Dibromoetano
EDB-85
NCI-C00522
ENT 15,349
UN 1605
1,2-dibromo-ethane
EDB
.alpha.,.beta.-Dibromoethane
CHEBI:28534
1N41638RNO
1,2,Dibromoethane
MFCD00000233
DBE
1,2-Dibromomethane
Dowfume W-85
Caswell No. 439
Dwubromoetan [Polish]
Aethylenbromid [German]
Bromuro di etile [Italian]
1,2-Dibromaethan [German]
1,2-Dibroomethaan [Dutch]
CAS-106-93-4
1,2 Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoetano [Italian]
CCRIS 295
Dowfume W85
Dibromure d'ethylene [French]
Ethylene dibromide [BSI:ISO]
HSDB 536
Dibromure d'ethylene [ISO-French]
EINECS 203-444-5
UN1605
RCRA waste no. U067
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 042002
BRN 0605266
ethylenebromide
UNII-1N41638RNO
ethylenedibromide
AI3-15349
1,2dibromoethane
1,2-dibromethane
Soilbrome-85
1.2-dibromoethane
1,2,-dibromethane
1, 2-dibromoethane
1,2 dibromo ethane
1,2-dibromo ethane
BrCH2CH2Br
CH2BrCH2Br
1,2,-dibromo ethane
Br(CH2)2Br
EC 203-444-5
SCHEMBL1698
1,2-Dibromoethane, 98%
4-01-00-00158 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BIDD:ER0281
.alpha.,.omega.-Dibromoethane
CHEMBL452370
1,2-Dibromoethane, >=99%
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE [MI]
DTXSID3020415
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE [ISO]
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE [HSDB]
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE [IARC]
AMY25519
BCP27504
ZINC8234381
Tox21_201427
Tox21_302879
STL163551
AKOS000118755
NCGC00091279-01
NCGC00091279-02
NCGC00091279-03
NCGC00256607-01
NCGC00258978-01
BP-13439
Ethylene dibromide [UN1605] [Poison]
DB-002363
D0180
FT-0606341
FT-0694297
1,2-Dibromoethane 100 microg/mL in Methanol
1,2-Dibromoethane, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
EN300-19277
1,2-Dibromoethane 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
1,2-Dibromoethane 5000 microg/mL in Methanol
Q161471
J-503807
1,2-Dibromoethane, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
F0001-0129
DIBROMOETHANE
DOWFUME W-85(R)
1,2-Dibromethan
1.2-Dibromethane
1,2-Dibromaethan
1,2-Dibromoetano
ETHYLENE BROMIDE
1,2-dibromethane
GLYCOL DIBROMIDE
1,2-DIBROMOETANE
1,2-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibroomethaan
1,2-DIBROMOETHANE
AKOS BBS-00004248
1,2-dibromo-ethan
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
Ethylene dibromide
1,2-dibromoethane (EDB)
1,2-dibromoethane,glycoldibromide
Androst-5-ene-3B,17B-diol-17a-ethinyl

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a specific raw material used by manufacturers of green cosmetic products.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a synthetic compound in the chemical group called 1,2 glycol.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a clear, slightly viscous, colorless, odorless liquid and soluble in water.

CAS Number: 5343-92-0
EC Number: 226-285-3
Molecular Formula (1,2-Dihydroxypentane): C5H12O2
Molecular Weight: 104.15 g/mol

Synonyms: 1,2-Pentanediol, Pentane-1,2-diol, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane, 5343-92-0, Pylethylene Glycol, glycol, Glycol, Green Protector, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane, MFCD00010736, 1,a2-aPentanediol, EINECS 226-285-3, BRN 1719151, AI3-03317, NSC 513, 108340-61-0, ACMC-20mbh5, ACMC-1AXDB, EC 226-285-3, 1,2-Pentanediol, 96%, SCHEMBL62155, 3-01-00-02191 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 1,2-Pentanediol, (2R)-, NSC513, WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-, DTXSID10863522, NSC-513, AKOS009156977, AS-40006, SY032914, CS-0017222, FT-0606477, FT-0690841, P1178, 3-(2-NITRO-PHENYL)-ISOXAZOL-5-YLAMINE, 98484-EP2372017A1, A829586, Q3374899

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a synthetic compound that belongs to the chemical group called 1,2 glycol.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a transparent liquid, slightly viscous, colorless, odorless and soluble in water as well as oil.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is naturally derived from sugar cane.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in many cosmetic products.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is also referred to by the names 1,2- dihydroxypentane, 1,2-pentanediol, and pentane-1,2-diol.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a natural polyhydric alcohol and therefore has the ability to bind water.
This property can be used to moisturize the skin.

Skin is better hydrated, looks significantly brighter and feels better.
At the same time, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane naturally helps inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the skin and can therefore be used as an alternative preservative.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is soluble in water, acts as an extractant and solvent, is biodegradable, can be used in the pH range of 3-10, and is colorless and odorless.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is made from natural sugar cane bagasse and is therefore ideal for natural cosmetics.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a specific raw material used by manufacturers of green cosmetic products.
The most important feature of this preservative is that 1,2-Dihydroxypentane is obtained from agricultural products. For example, corn and sugar cane.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is also commonly called pylene glycol.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a synthetic compound in the chemical group called 1,2 glycol.
There are two alcohol groups attached to the 1st and 2nd carbon.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a clear, slightly viscous, colorless, odorless liquid and soluble in water.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is also obtained naturally from sugar cane.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is also fat-soluble and used in many cosmetic products.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a natural diol derived from sugar cane bagasse's remaining waste, but a cheap synthetic analog also available in the market.
This multifunctional ingredient is a colorless, odorless, slightly viscous liquid that serves as a moisturizer, solubilizer, preservative, emulsion stabilizer, etc.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a well-known moisturizer due to the humectant properties of the molecule, proven scientifically by in-vivo studies.
Also, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane is an excellent solubilizer, as 1,2-Dihydroxypentane helps to solubilize many challenging ingredients, including fragrances.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane can also increase the clarity of translucent formulations like aqueous gels and toners.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane protects products from harmful bacteria and improves shelf-life, working synergistically with many preservatives, boosting their efficacy and thus helping to reduce their dose.
In addition, Pentane-1,2-diol stabilizes formulations, especially oil-in-water emulsions (as a co-emulsifier with an HLB value of 8.4), which helps reduce the particle size of emulsions, thus providing less coalescence and better stability.

This diol enhances the bioavailability of other ingredients (proven by ex-vivo study), boosting the activity of both lipophilic and hydrophilic actives.
Furthermore, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane improves pigment distribution, makes whiter and shinier emulsions, promotes penetration into the skin, and improves the efficiency of cooling agents.

Incorporated in sun care applications, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane enhances water resistance and the entire safety of the formula used even in SPF 50+ products.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane also can control the viscosity and texture of the final product.
In skin and hair care products and decorative cosmetics, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane concentration can reach up to 5%.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in formulations as an emulsion stabilizer, solvent and a broad spectrum antimicrobial.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane also helps moisturize and has a light, elegant feel to it.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane will leave the skin soft and smooth.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane can help to solubilize and stabilize lipophilic ingredients in aqueous solutions.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane shows a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against yeasts, moulds, and bacteria.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane disturbs the integrity of microbial cell membranes, a mechanism of action that is unlikely to be affected by resistance.

Being a non-ionic ingredient, the anti-microbial effect of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane is largely pH-independent.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane can act as a standalone antimicrobial protection agent.

In addition, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane can be easily combined with other classical or non-classical antimicrobial agents, to boost their preservation effects.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane a synthetic, low molecular weight solvent and skin-conditioning agent.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is commonly used as a skin conditioning agent, due to 1,2-Dihydroxypentane (1,2 pentanediol)’s ability to help the skin attract and retain moisture.
As such, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane falls into a category of skin care ingredients called humectants.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is synthetic humectant used in cosmetics and beauty products that is also secondarily used as a solvent and preservative.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is both water and oil-soluble and 1,2-Dihydroxypentane can have moisture-binding and 1,2-Dihydroxypentane can have antimicrobial properties.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane also has some anti microbial properties, which can make 1,2-Dihydroxypentane a valuable addition to products that are susceptible to contamination of microorganisms.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used as a solvent in chemicals produced to soften and smooth the skin in the cosmetic industry.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in sunscreens.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a skin moisturizer.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane preserves moisture in the skin, helps to preserve elasticity and moisture of the skin.
Pethylene glycol has an antimicrobial effect.
Pethylene glycol Lipid and dissolved lipophilic actives can be used in penetration enhancing creams and lotions.

Pethylene glycol Hydrogenated phosphotidylcholine is a high viscosity base composed of protected lipids and glycerol.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is an antimicrobial, chemically produced emulsifier.

Pentilen Glycol has been included in the German Pharmaceutical Codex since 2009.
However, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane is not only approved in Germany, but 1,2-Dihydroxypentane is also approved as a cosmetic active ingredient worldwide.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is initially based on the immature juice of sugar beets, while synthetic production is standard.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in day and night creams.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a complex system for paraben esters-free cosmetic and personal care products.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a multifunctional agent that has excellent efficacy as a biostatic and fungistatic agent.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane can reduce irritation and sensitivity and has a wide broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is an ingredient which is found naturally in some plants (such as sugar beets and corn cobs) but is most frequently lab-derived when used in cosmetics.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a humectant, meaning it binds well to water, making 1,2-Dihydroxypentane a good hydrating agent and solvent to aid penetration of other ingredients.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane also helps improve the texture of skin care formulas and has mild preservative properties when used in amounts between 1-5%.

There have been some reports that 1,2-Dihydroxypentane (along with other glycols) is a skin sensitizer; however, as with many ingredients, the amount and how it’s used are key.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a chemical compound commonly used in the cosmetics and personal care industry as a skincare and beauty product ingredient.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is also known by its chemical formula C5H12O2.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a type of glycol, which is a class of organic compounds that contain multiple hydroxyl (OH) groups.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane proves multifunctional in skincare and cosmetic formulations, offering a spectrum of benefits.
With its hydrating properties, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane serves as an effective moisturizer, aiding in maintaining skin moisture levels, particularly beneficial for individuals with dry or dehydrated skin.

Acting as a solvent, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane ensures a consistent and uniform texture in products by dissolving other ingredients.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane antimicrobial properties contribute to its role as a preservative, preventing the growth of bacteria and fungi and enhancing 1,2-Dihydroxypentane's longevity.

Recognized for 1,2-Dihydroxypentane mild and non-irritating nature, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane is considered suitable for sensitive skin.
Additionally, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane facilitates the penetration of active ingredients, amplifying the efficacy of skincare formulations.
Overall, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a versatile ingredient, addressing various aspects of skincare, from hydration and preservation to compatibility with different skin types.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is generally recognized as safe for use in cosmetics and skincare products when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines.
However, as with any ingredient, individual reactions or sensitivities may vary, so it's essential to check 1,2-Dihydroxypentane's ingredients list and perform a patch test if you have sensitive skin or allergies.

Uses of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used as an emulsion stabilizer, humectant, solvent and a broad-spectrum antimicrobial.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane improves texture of the product.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane has all the characteristics of a solvent.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is not reactive and can dissolve many other compounds.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is also known to have antimicrobial properties.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane offers a double advantage:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane protects the skin from harmful bacteria, which could otherwise cause body odor and acne problems on the skin.
Secondly, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane protects the product from any microbial growth, so 1,2-Dihydroxypentane can show the same quality during its use and shelf life.

Skin care:
Due to the two -OH groups, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane has a natural tendency to attract water.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane also retains water, which is especially helpful for dry skin.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used as a humectant and skin conditioning agent, for 1,2-Dihydroxypentane ability to retain moisture.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in moisturizer, baby sunscreen, around-eye cream, antiperspirant/deodorant, serums & essences, hand cream, anti-aging, facial moisturizer/treatment, detanning products, bath oil/salts/soak, body oil, body firming lotion, cuticle treatment, body wash/cleanser, tanning oil, recreational sunscreen

Hair care:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in various hair care products such as hair treatment/serum, hair spray, hair styling aide, shampoo, detangler, beard care, shaving cream, beard oil, conditioner, hair color and bleaching, styling gel/lotion, mask, setting powder/spray

Decorative cosmetics:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in cosmetics such as lipstick, concealer, eye shadow, foundation, CC cream, blush, lip balm, facial powder, bronzer/highlighter, lip gloss, BB cream, makeup primer, brow liner, lip liner, eye liner, lip plumper, lip balm, makeup remover

Uses Area of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used as a solvent in chemicals produced in the cosmetic industry to soften and smooth the skin.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane has a softening and smoothing effect in this area of use.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used together with steroidal hormones in the manufacture of dermatological products.
In these applications, 1,3-butylene glycol and Mono Propylene Glycol are also used as solvents.

This is because 1,3-butylene glycol and Mono Propylene Glycol do not have completely toxic effects.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used by combining anti-inflammatory hydrocortisone with pylene glycol to relieve minor skin irritation, temporary itching and inflammation.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in the production of allergy medications.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane has antimicrobial properties because 1,2-Dihydroxypentane is Dihydric Alcohol.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane helps prevent unwanted microorganisms due to 1,2-Dihydroxypentane antimicrobial effect.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is preferred in the production of quality cosmetic products because 1,2-Dihydroxypentane allergic effects are very low.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in the manufacture of daily skin care products due to 1,2-Dihydroxypentane moisturizing effect on the skin.
By retaining water on the skin, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane makes the skin more vibrant, smooth and plump.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used as a solvent in chemicals produced to soften and smooth the skin in the cosmetics industry.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane has a softening and smoothing effect in this area of ​​use.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used together with steroidal hormones in the manufacture of dermatological products.
In these applications, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane and Mono Propylene Glycol are also used as solvents.

This is because 1,2-Dihydroxypentane and Mono Propylene Glycol do not have exactly the toxic effects.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used to relieve minor skin irritation, temporary itching and inflammation, by combining the anti-inflammatory hydrocortisone with pylenylene glycol.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in the production of allergy medicines.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane has antimicrobial properties due to being dihydric alcohol.
Due to 1,2-Dihydroxypentane antimicrobial effect, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane helps to prevent unwanted microorganisms.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is preferred in the manufacture of quality cosmetic products because of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane very low allergic effects.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in the manufacture of daily skin care products due to its moisturizing effect on the skin.
By keeping the water on the skin, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane makes the skin more lively, smooth and full.

Applications of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane has a wide range of applications.
Intermediate finds applications in Initial product for chemical syntheses, Inks and coatings, Plasticizers and Solvent, Industrial chemicals.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used as a plasticizer in cellulose products and adhesives.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used as a brake fluid additive.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane reacts with 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran to get 5-tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy-pentan-1-ol.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is also used to prepare polyesters for emulsifying agents and resin intermediates.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in ink, toner and colorant products.
In addition to this, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in brake fluid compositions.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used to produce materials made of polyester or polyurethane, for the manufacturing of monomers, for the manufacture of polyester polyols, polycarbonatedioles and acrylic monomers, for the production of delta valerolactone and for molecules that act as reactive diluents, for the production of halogenated substances and for the production of adhesives, putties and sealing compounds, cleaners and auxiliary agents.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in the processes to produce hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate and peroxyacetic acid and as an intermediate for pharmaceutical products.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used as an ingredient for the production of polymeric thickeners, plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride, sizing agents, surfactants, for starches and chemically modified starch for application in the paper, textile and food industry, for personal hygiene products like shampoo, creams, and for paints.

Benefits of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane naturally tends to attract water because 1,2-Dihydroxypentane has two -OH groups.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane also retains water, which is especially beneficial for dry skin.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used as a humidifier due to its moisture retention capacity.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane has all the properties of a solvent.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is non-reactive and can dissolve many other compounds.
As mentioned before, due to 1,2-Dihydroxypentane ability to naturally retain moisture in the skin, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane also nourishes the skin and hair.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is also known to have antimicrobial properties.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane offers a double advantage – 1,2-Dihydroxypentane protects the skin from harmful bacteria that can otherwise cause body odor and acne problems on the skin.

Secondly, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane protects the product from microbial growth, so that 1,2-Dihydroxypentane can maintain the same quality throughout its use and shelf life.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is used in the formulations of creams, lotions, moisturizers, cleansers and other skin care products.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane offers several benefits when used in skincare and cosmetic products:

Moisturization:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane helps to hydrate the skin by retaining moisture, making 1,2-Dihydroxypentane beneficial for individuals with dry or dehydrated skin.

Solvent:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane serves as a solvent for various cosmetic ingredients, ensuring that the product has a uniform texture and consistency.

Preservation:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane has antimicrobial properties, which help prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms like bacteria and fungi in cosmetic products, extending their shelf life.

Skin-Friendly:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is known for being mild and non-irritating, making 1,2-Dihydroxypentane suitable for sensitive skin types and reducing the risk of skin irritation or allergic reactions.

Enhanced Ingredient Penetration:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane can improve the absorption of other active ingredients into the skin, increasing the effectiveness of skincare formulations.

Peoduction of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is produced synthetically from corn and sugar cane.

Origin of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is based on by-products from manufacturing processes based on sugarcane residues and corn spindles.
However, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane is manufactured in the lab as the consumption is relatively high.

Effect of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane in the formulation:
antimicrobial
Emulsion stabilization
Moisturizer
Solvent

Physical And Chemical Properties of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a physically colorless oil-free liquid.
The density of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane is 0.994 g/mol.

The melting point of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane is -18 °C.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a stable chemical.

1,2-Dihydroxypentane should be stored at room temperature.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is soluble in water.

Safety profile of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane does not have any evidence to suggest hazardous to health, toxicity, or carcinogenicity.
1,2-Dihydroxypentane has been found to cause mild irritation to the eyes and skin in skin types that are already sensitized or prone to irritation.

Health Effect of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane:
1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a semi-synthetic component.
The starting raw materials are of natural origin, but are transformed into a different form than their original state using various processes under laboratory conditions.
These are raw materials obtained without using animal sources (propolis, honey, beeswax, lanolin, collagen, snail extract, milk, etc.).

1,2-Dihydroxypentane is a criterion that should be taken into consideration for those who want to use vegan products.
Studies have concluded that different effects can be seen on each skin type.

For this reason, the allergy/irritation effect may vary from person to person.
However, 1,2-Dihydroxypentane may cause reactions such as stinging, tingling, itching, redness, irritation, skin flaking and swelling, especially in people with sensitive skin types.

Identifiers of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane:
CAS Number: 5343-92-0
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-heptanoyloxypentyl heptanoate
EINECS/ELINCS No: 226-285-3
COSING REF No: 58983

Molecular Formula (1,2-Dihydroxypentane): C5H12O2
Molecular Weight: 104.15 g/mol
Chemical Name: 1,2-Pentanediol
CAS Number: 5343-92-0

Properties of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane:
form: solution
mol wt: Mr ~1500
packaging: pkg of 10 × 4 mL
manufacturer/tradename: Roche
shipped in: wet ice
storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: C(CO)O
InChI: 1S/C2H6O2/c3-1-2-4/h3-4H,1-2H2
InChI key: LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Other Names of 1,2-Dihydroxypentane:

IUPAC Names:
1,5-Pentanediol
1,5-pentanediol
Pentamethylene glycol
pentane,-1,5-diol
Pentane-1,5-diol
pentane-1,5-diol
Pentane-1,5-diol
pentane-1,5-diol
Pentanediol

o-Chlorobenzene; 1,2-Dichlorobenzene; o-Dichlorobenzol; ODCB; Chloroden; 1,2-Dichloorbenzeen (Dutch); 1,2-Dichlor-benzol (German); 1,2-Diclorobenzene (Italian); o-Phenylenedichloride; Dilantin DB; Dowtherm E; Dizene; DCB CAS NO: 95-50-1

1,2-DIHYDROXYHEXANE 1,2-HEXANEDIOL 1,2-HEXYLENE GLYCOL DL-1,2-HEXANEDIOL dl-hexane-1,2-diol HDO DL-1,2-Hexanediol, 98+% 1,2-HEXANEDIOL, 98.5% DL-Hexan-1,2-diol hexane-1,2-diol DL-1,2-Hexanediol, GC 98% 5,6-Dihydroxyhexane (2R)-1,2-Hexanediol CAS: 6920-22-5

1,2-DIACETOXYPROPANE 1,2-PROPANEDIOL DIACETATE 1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL DIACETATE DOWANOL (TM) PGDA PGDA PROPYLENE DIACETATE PROPYLENE GLYCOL DIACETATE TIMTEC-BB SBB008331 1,2-Propylene diacetate 1,2-propylenediacetate 2-(Acetyloxy)-1-methylethyl acetate alpha-Propylene glycol diacetate alpha-propyleneglycoldiacetate diacetatedepropyleneglycol Methylethylene acetate Methylethylene diacetate methylethyleneacetate methylethylenediacetate propane-1,2-diol diacetate Propane-1,2-dioldiethanoate cas :623-84-7

1,3-Butanediol is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH.
With two alcohol functional groups, 1,3 butanediol is classified as a diol.
1,3 butanediol is also chiral, but most studies do not distinguish the enantiomers.


CAS Number: 107-88-0
6290-03-5 (R)
24621-61-2 (S)
EC Number: 203-529-7
MDL number: MFCD00004554
Chemical formula: C4H10O2
Linear Formula: CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH


1,3 butanediol is used in flavoring.
1,3 butanediol is a butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.
1,3 butanediol is a butanediol and a glycol.


1,3 butanediol is found in pepper (c. annuum).
1,3 butanediol is a solvent for flavouring agents.
1,3 butanediol is an organic chemical, an alcohol.


1,3 butanediol is commonly used as a solvent for food flavouring agents and is a co-monomer used in certain polyurethane and polyester resins.
1,3 butanediol is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
1,3 butanediol belongs to the family of Secondary Alcohols.


These are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
1,3 butanediol is miscible with water.
1,3 butanediol is a chiral compound that belongs to the group of organic compounds called diols.


1,3 butanediol, an ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition.
1,3 butanediol is converted in the body to β-hydroxybutyrate and has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect.
1,3 butanediol is a building block for proteomics research.


1,3-Butanediol is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH.
With two alcohol functional groups, 1,3 butanediol is classified as a diol.
1,3 butanediol is also chiral, but most studies do not distinguish the enantiomers.


1,3 butanediol is a colorless, bittersweet, water-soluble liquid.
1,3 butanediol is one of four common structural isomers of butanediol.
1,3 butanediol is found in pepper (c. annuum).


1,3 butanediol is a solvent for flavouring agents it is an organic chemical, an alcohol.
1,3 butanediol is commonly used as a solvent for food flavouring agents and is a co-monomer used in certain polyurethane and polyester resins.
1,3 butanediol is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.


In biology, 1,3 butanediol is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.
1,3 butanediol belongs to the family of Secondary Alcohols.
These are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).


1,3 butanediol is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH.
With two alcohol functional groups, 1,3 butanediol is classified as a diol.
1,3 butanediol is also chiral, but most studies do not distinguish the enantiomers.


1,3 butanediol is a colorless, bittersweet, water-soluble liquid.
1,3 butanediol is one of four common structural isomers of butanediol.
1,3 butanediol is an organic alcohol with antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of pathogens.


1,3 butanediol is an organic chemical which belongs to the family of secondary alcohols.
1,3 butanediol, also known as b-butylene glycol or BD, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols.
Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).


1,3 butanediol is a bitter and odorless tasting compound.
1,3 butanediol has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (c. annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.


This could make 1,3 butanediol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.
1,3 butanediol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols.


Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
1,3 butanediol, an ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition.
1,3 butanediol is converted in the body to β-hydroxybutyrate and has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect.
1,3 butanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid, water miscible.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 1,3 BUTANEDIOL:
1,3 butanediol is used in the fermentation of Candida parapsilosis and other yeast species to produce enantiomerically pure (S)-(-)-1,3-butanediol.
The racemate can be converted into the two enantiomers by chemical means or by enzymatic resolution.
The process for large-scale production is similar to that for ethanol fermentation, but with 2-propanol as substrate instead of glucose.


The fermentor has been shown to be effective at producing large quantities of 1,3 butanediol in a short time period.
1,3 butanediol acts as a co-monomer in the production of polyurethane and polyester resins.
1,3 butanediol is used as a humectant (to prevent loss of moisture) in cosmetics, especially in hair sprays and setting lotions.


1,3 butanediol is used in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavorings.
1,3 butanediol is involved in the synthesis of dual peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma and delta agonists acting as euglycemic agents, which is used in the treatment of diabetes.


In biology, 1,3 butanediol is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.
1,3 butanediol is used Solvent, monomer used in polyurethane and polyester resins, analytical reagent, and substrate for organic syntheses.
1,3 butanediol is used to regulate the metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid.


1,3 butanediol acts as a co-monomer in the production of polyurethane and polyester resins.
1,3 butanediol is used as a humectant (to prevent loss of moisture) in cosmetics, especially in hair sprays and setting lotions.
1,3 butanediol is used in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavorings.


1,3 butanediol is involved in the synthesis of dual peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma and delta agonists acting as euglycemic agents, which is used in the treatment of diabetes.
1,3 butanediol is used in flavoring.


1,3 butanediol is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.
1,3 butanediol may be used as a reference standard in the determination of (±)-1,3-butanediol in biological samples using wide-bore column gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector.


1,3 butanediol has been detected in green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (Capsicum annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
1,3 butanediol, also referred to as 1,3-Butylene glycol, maintains FDA GRAS status as a flavor molecule.
1,3 butanediol can also serve as a humectant to prevent loss of moisture in cosmetics, particularly in hair sprays and setting lotions.


Besides, 1,3 butanediol is pharmaceutically involved in the production of colchicine derivatives as a anticancer agent and in the synthesis of dual peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma and delta agonists acting as a hypoglycaemic agent.
At present, 1,3 butanediol is used mainly in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavoring agents and serves as a co-monomer in manufacturing certain polyurethane and polyester resins.



PRODUCTION AND USES OF 1,3 BUTANEDIOL
Hydrogenation of 3-hydroxybutanal gives 1,3 butanedioll:
CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO + H2 → CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH
Dehydration of 1,3 butanediol gives 1,3-butadiene:
CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH → CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2 H2O



WHAT ARE THE USES AND BENEFITS OF 1,3 BUTANEDIOL?
1,3 butanediol is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slightly sweet and bitter taste.
1,3 butanediol has strong hygroscopic properties and can dissolve in water, ethanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, castor oil,..



HOW IS 1,3 BUTANEDIOL PREPARED AND APPLIED?
Background and overview 1,3 butanediol is mainly used as a moisturizer in cosmetics and has good antibacterial effects.
1,3 butanediol can be used in the production of various lotions, ointments and toothpaste..



COMPOUND TYPE 1,3 BUTANEDIOL:
*Flavouring Agent
*Food Toxin
*Household Toxin
*Industrial/Workplace Toxin
*Metabolite
*Natural Compound
*Organic Compound
*Plant Toxin
*Solvent



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF 1,3 BUTANEDIOL:
*Primary alcohols
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF 1,3 BUTANEDIOL:
*Secondary alcohol
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Primary alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



RELATED COMPOUNDS OF 1,3 BUTANEDIOL:
-Related butanediol
*1,2-Butanediol
*1,4-Butanediol
*2,3-Butanediol
-Related compounds
*2-Methylpentane



OCCURRENCE OF 1,3 BUTANEDIOL:
1,3 butanediol is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.
1,3 butanediol has been detected in green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (Capsicum annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
1,3 Butanediol, also referred to as 1,3-Butylene glycol, maintains FDA GRAS status as a flavor molecule.



WHAT IS THE MECHANISM AND HOW TO DRAW 1,3 BUTANEDIOL'S ENERGY PROFILE?
Step 1:
Loss of Br- from C3 (Carbocation intermediate has max energy)
Step 2: Add H2O to form protonated alcohol (Lower energy than start)
Step 3: Loss of proton to get alcohol (Endothermic)



WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES, PREPARATION METHODS, AND USES OF 1,3 BUTANEDIOL?
1,3 butanediol is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 207°C, a density of 1, and a flash point of 121°C.
1,3 butanediol is soluble in water and alcohol.
1,3 butanediol has low irritability and can be used as a moistur..



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 1,3 BUTANEDIOL:
Chemical formula: C4H10O2
Molar mass: 90.122 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Density: 1.0053 g cm−3
Melting point: −50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K)
Boiling point: 204 to 210 °C; 399 to 410 °F; 477 to 483 K
Solubility in water: 1 kg dm−3
log P: −0.74
Vapor pressure: 8 Pa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.44
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 227.2 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −501 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −2.5022 MJ mol−1
Molecular Weight: 90.12 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 90.068079557 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 90.068079557 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 28.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 107-88-0
EC number: 203-529-7
Hill Formula: C₄H₁₀O₂
Chemical formula: CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CH₂OH
Molar Mass: 90.12 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 39 20
Density: 1.00 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.9 - 12.6 %(V)
Flash point: 108 °C
Ignition temperature: 410 °C DIN 51794
pH value: 6.0 - 7.0 (H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.08 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: >500 g/l miscible
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless, clear

Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/freezing point: -57 °C - ISO 3016
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 203 - 204 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 12,6 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,9 %(V)
Flash point 108 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 410 °C at 1.019 hPa - DIN 51794
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 6,0 - 7,0 at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 131,83 mPa.s at 20 °C - ASTM D 445
Water solubility 500 g/l at 20 °C - miscible
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -0,9 at 25 °C - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,08 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,005 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available

Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Surface tension: 72,6 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C
Dissociation constant: 15,5 at 25 °C
Relative vapor density: 3,11 - (Air = 1.0)
Melting Point: -50°C
Density: 1.005
Boiling Point: 203°C to 204°C
Flash Point: 109°C (249°F)
Odor: Mild
Refractive Index: 1.44
Beilstein: 1731276
Sensitivity: Hygroscopic
Merck Index: 14,1567
Solubility Information: Miscible with water.
Formula Weight: 90.12
Percent Purity: 99%
Chemical Name or Material: (±)-1,3-Butanediol
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C4H10O2 = 90.12
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Hygroscopic

CAS RN: 107-88-0
Reaxys Registry Number: 1718945
PubChem Substance ID: 87563682
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 509
Merck Index (14): 1567
MDL Number: MFCD00004554
Molecular Weight: 90.12
Appearance: Liquid
Formula: C4H10O2
CAS No.: 107-88-0
SMILES: CC(O)CCO
Shipping: Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage:
Pure form: -20°C 3 years, 4°C 2 years
In solvent: -80°C 6 months, -20°C 1 month
Molecular Weight: 90.12g/mol
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
XLogP3-AA: -0.4
Exact Mass: 90.068079557
Monoisotopic Mass: 90.068079557
Complexity: 28.7
Rotatable Bond Count: 2

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Chemical Formula: C4H10O2
Average Molecular Weight: 90.121
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 90.068079564
IUPAC Name: butane-1,3-diol
Traditional Name: 1,3-butanediol
CAS Registry Number: 107-88-0
SMILES: CC(O)CCO
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C4H10O2/c1-4(6)2-3-5/h4-6H,2-3H2,1H3
InChI Key: PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Physical State : Liquid
Solubility : Soluble in water, alcohol and ketones. Insoluble in hydrocarbons.
Storage : Store at room temperature
Melting Point : -57° C
Boiling Point :203-204° C (lit.)
Density : 1.55 g/mL at 25° C (lit.)
Refractive Index : n20D 1.44 (lit.)



FIRST AID MEASURES of 1,3 BUTANEDIOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 1,3 BUTANEDIOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 1,3 BUTANEDIOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 1,3 BUTANEDIOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 1,3 BUTANEDIOL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
hygroscopic



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 1,3 BUTANEDIOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Butane-1,3-diol
1,3-butylene glycol
butane-1,3-diol
1,3-dihydroxybutane
1,3-BUTANEDIOL
Butane-1,3-diol
107-88-0
1,3-Butylene glycol
Butylene glycol
1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Methyltrimethylene glycol
1,3 Butylene glycol
1,3-Butandiol
beta-Butylene glycol
(RS)-1,3-Butandiol
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol
1-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
1,3-Butylenglykol
Caswell No. 128GG
1,3-Butanodiol
HSDB 153
.beta.-Butylene glycol
NSC 402145
NSC-402145
(R)-1,3-butanediol
UNII-3XUS85K0RA
BD
EINECS 203-529-7
3XUS85K0RA
BRN 1731276
DTXSID8026773
CHEBI:52683
AI3-11077
BUTANEDIOL,1,3-
DTXCID306773
NSC6966
EC 203-529-7
0-01-00-00477 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
NSC402145
BUTYLENE GLYCOL (II)
BUTYLENE GLYCOL [II]
BUTANE-1,3-DIOL (USP-RS)
BUTANE-1,3-DIOL [USP-RS]
1,3-butane diol
CAS-107-88-0
1,3-Butanediol, (R)-
1,3-Butanediol, (S)-
MFCD00064277
MFCD00064278
b-Butylene glycol
Herbal Moxibustion
1.3-butanediol
1,3 -butanediol
MFCD00004554
DL-1,3-butanediol
Chinese medicine patch
Butylene glycol (NF)
(S)-(+)-butanediol
racemic 1,3-butanediol
BUTANEDIOL,3-
1,3-butanediol, DL-
(RS)-1,3-Butanediol
Natural Oriental Herb Care
(+/-) 1,3 butandiol
(+/-)-1,3-butandiol
BUTYLENE GLYCOL [INCI]
(.+/-.)-1,3-Butanediol
CHEMBL3186475
WLN: QY1 & 2Q
1,3-BUTANEDIOL [HSDB]
acmeros Lubricant X0026F3541
1,3-BUTANDIOL [WHO-DD]
ShiZhenTaiYiTang Moxibustion Patch
LingLongJiuHuo Linglong Moxibustion
QIZHOUGUAI Chinese medicine patch
1,3-Butanediol, (.+/-.)-
1,3-BUTYLENE GLYCOL [MI]
NSC-6966
1,3-BUTYLENE GLYCOL [FCC]
Tox21_202408
Tox21_300085
1,3 BUTYLENE GLYCOL [FHFI]
BBL037424
Butylene Glycol (Butane-1,3-diol)
HY-77490A
STL483070
AKOS000119043
DB14110
SB44648
SB44659
SB83779
1,3 BUTYLENE GLYCOL, (+/-)
NCGC00247900-01
NCGC00247900-02
NCGC00253944-01
NCGC00259957-01
SY049450
SY051259
1,3 BUTYLENE GLYCOL, (+/-)-
3CE SUPER SLIM PEN EYE LINER BLACK
3CE SUPER SLIM PEN EYE LINER BROWN
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol, analytical standard
B0679
B3770
CS-0115644
FT-0605126
FT-0605294
FT-0606593
EN300-19320
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol, anhydrous, >=99%
1,3-Butanediol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
C20335
D10695
F82621
3CE SUPER SLIM PEN EYE LINER LIGHT BROWN
Q161496
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), 99.5%
3CE SUPER SLIM PEN EYE LINER BURGUNDY BROWN
J-002028
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
F8880-3340
LingLongJiuHuo Linglong Moxibustion Wormwood Moxibustion Patch
Butane-1,3-diol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
55251-78-0
β-Butylene glycol
Methyltrimethylene glycol
1-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
1,3-Butylene glycol
1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Butane-1,3-diol
BD
1,3-Butandiol
1,3-Butylenglykol
1,3-Butanodiol
Butanediol,1,3-
(RS)-1,3-Butanediol
Butylene glycol
NSC 402145
1,3-Butanediol
(RS)-1,3-Butanediol
1,3-Butylene glycol
1,3-Dihydroxybutane
1-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
13BGK
3-Hydroxy-1-butanol
Butylene glycol
DL-1,3-Butanediol
Jeechem Bugl
Methyltrimethylene glycol
NSC 402145
Niax DP 1022, (+/-)-Butane-1,3-diol
beta-Butylene glycol
(RS)-1,3-Butandiol
1,3 Butylene glycol
1,3-Butandiol
1,3-Butylene glycol
1,3-Butylenglykol
1,3-Dihydroxybutane
1-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
beta-Butylene glycol
Methyltrimethylene glycol
b-Butylene glycol
Β-butylene glycol
1,3-Butylene glycol, (14)C-labeled
1,3-Butylene glycol, (DL)-isomer
1,3-Butylene glycol, (R)-isomer
1,3-Butylene glycol, (S)-isomer
Butylene glycol HMDB
(+/-)-1,3-butanediol
(.+/-.)-1,3-butanediol
(R)-(-)-Butane-1,3-diol
(R)-1,3-Butanediol
(S)-(+)-1,3-Butanediol
(S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol
(S)-1,3-Butanediol
1,3-Butanodiol
BD
Butane-1,3-diol
DL-1,3-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is also used as a fertilizer and a stabilizer in the production of resins and polymers.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is considered to be relatively safe for use in consumer products, as it has low toxicity and is not known to accumulate in the environment.
However, like all chemicals, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) should be handled and used in accordance with appropriate safety precautions.

CAS Number: 20208-95-1
EC Number: 243-601-5
Molecular Formula: C3H9N6O4P
Molecular Weight: 224.12



APPLICATIONS


1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is primarily used as a flame retardant in various materials, including plastics, textiles, and coatings.
When added to these materials, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) releases nitrogen gas when exposed to heat or flame, which dilutes the combustible gases and reduces the risk of ignition and flame spread.


Here are some specific applications of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate):


Plastics:

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is commonly used as a flame retardant in plastics, including polyamides, polyesters, and thermoplastic elastomers.
These plastics are often used in the automotive, construction, and electronics industries.


Textiles:

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used as a flame retardant in textiles, including carpets, curtains, and upholstery.
This helps to reduce the risk of fires caused by accidental ignition or exposure to heat sources.


Coatings:

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is added to paints, varnishes, and other coatings to improve their fire resistance.
This is especially important in buildings and other structures where fire safety is a major concern.


Fertilizers:

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) has a high nitrogen content and can be used as a slow-release fertilizer for plants.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) provides a source of nitrogen for plants over an extended period, which can improve plant growth and yield.


Stabilizers:

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used as a stabilizer in the production of resins and polymers.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) helps to improve the heat resistance and mechanical properties of these materials.


Overall, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications in various industries.
Its ability to reduce the flammability of materials while being cost-effective and relatively safe makes 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) an important component in many products.


1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for electrical equipment, such as transformers and generators.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of polyurethane foams, such as those used in furniture cushions and mattresses.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for pipes and tubing used in industrial applications.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of automotive parts, such as engine covers and air intake systems.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for construction materials, such as concrete and masonry.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of electrical wiring and connectors.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for aerospace components, such as fuel tanks and fuselage panels.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of synthetic turf used in sports fields and playgrounds.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for military vehicles and equipment.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of medical devices, such as surgical instruments and equipment.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for laboratory equipment and supplies.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of personal protective equipment, such as helmets and body armor.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for fuel cells used in energy storage and transportation.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of filtration media used in air and water purification systems.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for building materials used in historic preservation and restoration.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of composites used in the marine industry, such as boat hulls and decks.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for agricultural equipment, such as tractors and combines.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of roofing membranes used in green roofs and living walls.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for mining vehicles and equipment.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of automotive textiles, such as seat covers and carpets.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for fuel storage tanks and pipelines.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of foam insulation used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for elevator and escalator components.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of personal care products, such as hair sprays and cosmetics.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for outdoor furniture and recreational equipment.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant adhesives for various applications.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of rubber products, such as tires and conveyor belts.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant fabrics and textiles for industrial and consumer applications.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of paper products, such as magazines and books.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant insulation for boilers and steam pipes.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of synthetic roofing materials.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for steel structures, such as bridges and high-rise buildings.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of thermoplastics, such as PVC and PTFE.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant materials for the automotive industry, such as dashboards and seats.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of cable and wire coatings.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for marine applications, such as boats and oil rigs.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of acoustic materials, such as soundproofing foams.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for railway components, such as tracks and trains.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of thermoset plastics, such as epoxy and phenolic resins.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for electronic components, such as circuit boards and batteries.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of insulation for aircraft components, such as engines and wings.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for textiles used in the military and emergency services.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of synthetic building materials, such as siding and gutters.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for mining equipment, such as conveyor belts and drills.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of flooring materials, such as vinyl and laminate.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for furniture and other household items.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of insulation for HVAC systems.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for commercial kitchen equipment, such as grills and ovens.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of plastic films used in packaging and labeling.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for power plant components, such as turbines and boilers.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant paints for ships and offshore structures.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of synthetic fibers, such as polyester and nylon.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of insulation for high-temperature applications, such as furnace linings.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of polyurethane foam insulation for refrigeration systems.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant curtains and drapes for homes and commercial buildings.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of molded plastic products, such as toys and sporting goods.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for concrete and masonry surfaces.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of foam padding for furniture and mattresses.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant wallboard and ceiling tiles for commercial buildings.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of electrical insulation for high-voltage equipment.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant carpeting for homes and commercial buildings.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of polyethylene foam insulation for piping systems.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant gaskets for industrial equipment.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of packaging materials, such as cardboard boxes and shipping crates.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for aerospace components.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of thermoplastic elastomers, such as TPE-E and TPE-O.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant glass for architectural applications.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is commonly used as a flame retardant in plastics, such as polyamides, polyesters, and thermoplastic elastomers.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in various textiles, including curtains, carpets, and upholstery.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is often added to paints and coatings to improve their fire resistance and prevent the spread of flames.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a slow-release fertilizer, providing a source of nitrogen for plants over an extended period.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is often used in combination with other flame retardants to improve their effectiveness.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is an effective stabilizer in the production of resins and polymers, helping to improve their heat resistance and mechanical properties.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in electronic components, such as circuit boards.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is often used in the construction industry, particularly in building materials such as insulation and wallboards.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of adhesives and sealants, helping to improve their resistance to fire and heat.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is also used in the manufacturing of composite materials, such as fiberglass and carbon fiber.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in foam materials, such as polyurethane foam.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of automotive components, such as dashboards and interior trim.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of wires and cables, helping to prevent the spread of fire.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-retardant coatings for wood and other porous materials.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in paper products, such as packaging materials and wallpaper.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant insulation materials, such as mineral wool.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in building materials such as roofing membranes and floor coverings.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of molded products, such as electrical enclosures and switchgear.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in thermosetting plastics, such as phenolic resins.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of printing inks, helping to improve their fire resistance.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used in the production of fire-retardant foam insulation for HVAC systems.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of decorative laminates, such as countertops and furniture surfaces.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in rubber products, such as hoses and gaskets.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for structural steel.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in various other products, including mattresses, toys, and consumer electronics.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of electrical wire insulation and jacketing.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for military vehicles and equipment.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of foam insulation for building ductwork.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for conveyor belts in industrial applications.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of plastics used in medical devices.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for oil and gas pipelines.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) can be used as a flame retardant in the production of synthetic leather materials.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant coatings for electrical transformers and other equipment.



DESCRIPTION


1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate, also known as melamine phosphate, is a white crystalline compound that is derived from melamine and phosphoric acid.
Melamine phosphate is commonly used as a flame retardant in a variety of materials, including plastics, textiles, and coatings.
When exposed to heat or flame, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) releases nitrogen, which dilutes the combustible gases and prevents the spread of fire.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is also used as a fertilizer and a stabilizer in the production of resins and polymers.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is considered to be relatively safe for use in consumer products, as it has low toxicity and is not known to accumulate in the environment.
However, like all chemicals, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) should be handled and used in accordance with appropriate safety precautions.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is a white crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is often used in the production of plastics, textiles, and coatings.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) releases nitrogen when exposed to heat or flame, which helps to prevent the spread of fire.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) has a high nitrogen content, making it an effective fertilizer.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is stable under normal conditions and is not known to react with other chemicals.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) has a low toxicity and is not considered to be harmful to humans or the environment.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is often used in combination with other flame retardants to enhance its effectiveness.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is an effective stabilizer in the production of resins and polymers.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) has a molecular weight of 218.09 g/mol.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) has a melting point of approximately 345 °C.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) has a pH value of around 5-6 in aqueous solution.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is highly reactive with strong acids and bases.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is classified as a Class B flame retardant according to the UL 94 standard.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) has good thermal stability, making it suitable for use in high-temperature applications.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is often used as a replacement for halogenated flame retardants, which are known to be harmful to the environment.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is highly effective at reducing the flammability of materials while also being cost-effective.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is used in a wide range of industries, including electronics, construction, and transportation.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) has a high phosphorus content, which makes it an effective flame retardant.

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is stable at room temperature and does not decompose easily.
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate) is easy to handle and transport due to its low toxicity and stability.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: C3H9N6O4P
Molar mass: 224.1 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Melting point: 345-360 °C (653-680 °F; 618-633 K)
Solubility: Insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether. Soluble in concentrated acids.
Density: 2.38 g/cm³
pH: 4-6 (1% solution)
Stability: Stable under normal conditions. Decomposes at high temperatures, releasing toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and phosphorus oxides.
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: Not applicable
Explosive limits: Not applicable
Vapor pressure: Negligible
Viscosity: Not applicable
Refractive index: Not applicable
Boiling point: Decomposes at high temperatures
Heat of combustion: Not applicable
Heat of fusion: Not applicable
Heat of vaporization: Not applicable
Critical temperature: Not applicable
Critical pressure: Not applicable
Specific heat capacity: Not applicable
Thermal conductivity: Not applicable
Electrical conductivity: Not applicable
Magnetic properties: Not applicable
Radioactivity: Not applicable



FIRST AID


In case of exposure to 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate (melamine phosphate), the following first aid measures can be taken:

Skin contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and wash affected areas with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist.


Eye contact:

Rinse eyes with plenty of water, holding the eyelids open, for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention immediately.


Inhalation:

Move to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Seek medical attention if symptoms like coughing, shortness of breath, or chest pain persist.


Ingestion:

Rinse mouth thoroughly with water and drink plenty of water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention immediately.


Note:

In case of any exposure or symptoms, always seek medical attention and provide the medical personnel with the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or the product label.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Wear suitable personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, goggles, and a protective clothing, when handling or working with the chemical.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of dust or fumes.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, or clothing.

In case of contact, follow the first aid measures and clean contaminated areas with water and soap.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the chemical.
Handle the chemical with care to prevent spills or leaks.


Storage:

Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from heat, sources of ignition, and incompatible substances.
Keep containers tightly closed and properly labeled to avoid accidental exposure.
Store away from food, feed, or drinking water.

Store the chemical separately from oxidizers, acids, and alkalis to avoid potential reactions or hazards.
Follow local regulations and guidelines for the safe storage and disposal of the chemical.



SYNONYMS


1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate
Melamine orthophosphate
2,4,6-Triamin-1,3,5-triazinphosphat (German)
Fyrol MP
Melaphos
Melaphos MP
Melaphos ST
Melapur 200
Melapur 400
Melapur FRA
Melapur MP
Melapur ST
Melaphos MKP
N-melamine phosphate
Phosphoric acid, compound with 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine (1:1)
Phosmel
Cyanurotriamide phosphate
Cyanuramide phosphate
Cyanuric acid, compound with melamine (1:1), phosphate (1:1)
Melamine polyphosphate
Phosphomelamine
Triaminotrinitrophenylphosphorus
Tris(melamine) phosphate
2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine phosphate
Fyrolflex MP
Melapur CPA
Melapur FR
Melapur STP
Melaphos FR
Melaphos STP
Melapur 300
Melapur 700
Melaphos FR MKP
Melaphos STP MKP
Melaflame 10
Melaflame 30
Melaflame 40
Triamino-1,3,5-triazine phosphate
Melapur STP DAB
Melapur 2000
Melamine phosphate
20208-95-1
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate
41583-09-9
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate
Triazinetriaminephosphate
melamine monophosphate
INTUMESCENTCOMPOUNDKE8000
phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
DOS5Q2BU94
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:1)
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:?)
218768-84-4
Melapur M 200
EINECS 255-449-7
hate
Melamine Polyphosp
EINECS 243-601-5
EINECS 260-493-5
UNII-DOS5Q2BU94
EC 255-449-7
SCHEMBL73239
DTXSID80872787
MELAMINE, PHOSPHATE (1:1)
MFCD00060248
AKOS028108538
AS-15268
CS-0449429
FT-0628188
FT-0742330
F71215
Di(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine) phosphate
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (2:1)

1,3-Butanediol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols.
1,3-Butanediol, an ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition.
1,3-Butanediol has a sweet flavor with bitter aftertaste and is odorless when pure.


CAS Number: 107-88-0
6290-03-5 (R)
24621-61-2 (S)
EC Number: 203-529-7
MDL number: MFCD00004554
Linear Formula: CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH
Chemical formula: C4H10O2


1,3-Butanediol, also known as b-butylene glycol or BD, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols.
Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
1,3-Butanediol is a bitter and odorless tasting compound.


1,3-Butanediol has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (c. annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
This could make 1,3-butanediol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.


1,3-Butanediol is a colorless, slightly bitter-sweet viscous liquid.
1,3-Butanediol is soluble in water, acetone, methyl-ethyl (methyl) ketone, ethanol, dibutyl phthalate, castor oil, almost insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol Amine, mineral oil, linseed oil.


Heat can dissolve nylon, and also partially dissolve shellac and rosin.
Due to the high boiling point, atmospheric pressure distillation is susceptible to air oxidation,
1,3-Butanediol is desirable to distillation under reduced pressure.


1,3-Butanediol has a sweet flavor with bitter aftertaste and is odorless when pure.
1,3-Butanediol is colourless liquid.
1,3-Butanediol occurs as a clear, colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet flavor and bitter aftertaste.


A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.
1,3-Butanediol is an organic chemical which belongs to the family of secondary alcohols.
1,3-Butanediol is a colorless, odorless liquid, water miscible.


1,3-Butanediol, an ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition.
1,3-Butanediol is converted in the body to β-hydroxybutyrate and has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect.
1,3-Butanediol is found in pepper (c. annuum).


1,3-Butanediol is a solvent for flavouring agent.
1,3-Butanediol is an organic chemical, an alcohol.
1,3-Butanediol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as secondary alcohols.


Secondary alcohols are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
1,3-Butanediol is soluble in water, acetone, methyl ethyl (methyl) ketone, ethanol, dibutyl phthalate, castor oil, almost insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, etholamine, mineral oil, linseed oil.


1,3-Butanediol can dissolve nylon when hot, and can also partially dissolve shellac and turpentine.
Due to the high boiling point,1,3-Butanediol is susceptible to air oxidation during distillation under normal pressure, so it is advisable to distillation under reduced pressure.


1,3-Butanediol is odorless, slightly bitter, and sweet.
1,3-Butanediol has strong hygroscopicity and can absorb water equivalent to 12.5% of its own weight (when the relative humidity is 50%) or even 38.5% water (when the relative humidity is 80%).


1,3-Butanediol is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
1,3-Butanediol belongs to the family of Secondary Alcohols.
These are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).


1,3-Butanediol is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH.
With two alcohol functional groups, the molecule of 1,3-Butanediol is classified as a diol. 1,3-Butanediol is also chiral, but most studies do not distinguish the enantiomers.


1,3-Butanediol is a colorless, bittersweet, water-soluble liquid.
1,3-Butanediol is one of four common structural isomers of butanediol.
1,3-Butanediol is a butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.


1,3-Butanediol is a butanediol and a glycol.
1,3-Butanediol is found in pepper (c. annuum). 1,3-Butanediol is a solvent for flavouring agents.
1,3-Butanediol is an organic chemical, an alcohol.


1,3-Butanediol belongs to the family of Secondary Alcohols.
These are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R') (R,R'=alkyl, aryl).
1,3-Butanediol is a chiral compound that belongs to the group of organic compounds called diols.


1,3-Butanediol, an ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition.
1,3-Butanediol is converted in the body to β-hydroxybutyrate and has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect.
1,3-Butanediol can also react with carboxylic acids to form the corresponding chlorohydrin esters in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane.


1,3-Butanediol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
1,3-Butanediol has strong hygroscopicity.
A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
1,3-Butanediol is used as a soft emollient and also used in organic synthesis.
Application of 1,3-Butanediol: Solvent, monomer used in polyurethane and polyester resins, analytical reagent, substrate for organic syntheses.
1,3-Butanediol is used Solvent, monomer used in polyurethane and polyester resins, analytical reagent, substrate for organic syntheses


1,3-Butanediol is used for the production of plasticizers, unsaturated polyester resin.
1,3-Butanediol can also be used as an antibacterial agent for cheese or meat, an end-Group agent for oil-free alkyd resin, and a de-icing agent, a moisturizing agent and a coupling agent in the aviation industry.


At present, 1,3-butanediol is used mainly in surfactants, inks, solvents for natural and synthetic flavoring agents.
1,3-Butanediol is commonly used as a solvent for food flavouring agents and is a co-monomer used in certain polyurethane and polyester resins.
In biology, 1,3-butanediol is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.


1,3-Butanediol is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
1,3-Butanediol is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, perfumes and fragrances, washing & cleaning products and pharmaceuticals.


Other release to the environment of 1,3-Butanediol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.
The fermentor has been shown to be effective at producing large quantities of 1,3-Butanediol in a short time period.


Cosmetic Uses of 1,3-Butanediol: fragrance, humectants, skin conditioning, solvents, and viscosity controlling agents
Other release to the environment of 1,3-Butanediol is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


1,3-Butanediol can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).
1,3-Butanediol is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, laboratory chemicals, metal surface treatment products, adhesives and sealants, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, non-metal-surface treatment products and lubricants and greases.


1,3-Butanediol is used in the following areas: health services, scientific research and development and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Other release to the environment of 1,3-Butanediol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.


1,3-Butanediol is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, pharmaceuticals, textile treatment products and dyes, washing & cleaning products, metal surface treatment products, adhesives and sealants, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and non-metal-surface treatment products.


Release to the environment of 1,3-Butanediol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
1,3-Butanediol is used in the following products: polymers, pharmaceuticals, laboratory chemicals, non-metal-surface treatment products and paper chemicals and dyes.


1,3-Butanediol has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
1,3-Butanediol is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
1,3-Butanediol is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products and machinery and vehicles.


Release to the environment of 1,3-Butanediol can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture, as processing aid, in the production of articles and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Release to the environment of 1,3-Butanediol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


1,3-Butanediol is used in the synthesis of colchicine derivatives as anticancer agents.
1,3-Butanediol is also used in the synthesis of dual peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma and delta agonists acting as euglycemic agents in the treatment of diabetes.


1,3-Butanediol is used in flavoring.
1,3-Butanediol is commonly used as a solvent for food flavouring agents and is a co-monomer used in certain polyurethane and polyester resins.
1,3-Butanediol is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.


In biology, 1,3-butanediol is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.
1,3-Butanediol is used in the fermentation of Candida parapsilosis and other yeast species to produce enantiomerically pure (S)-(-)-1,3-butanediol.
The racemate can be converted into the two enantiomers by chemical means or by enzymatic resolution.


1,3-Butanediol is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of polyester plasticizers; as a humectant for cellophane and tobacco; in polyurethanes and special polyester resins; in surface active agents; as a coupling agent; as a solvent; as a food additive and flavoring; in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries as a glycerin substitute; for deicing of aircraft.


1,3-Butanediol may be used as a solvent in the preparation of 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone via condensation reaction between 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyJarnmonium chloride and urea.
The process for large-scale production is similar to that for ethanol fermentation, but with 2-propanol as substrate instead of glucose.



PRODUCTION AND USES OF 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
Hydrogenation of 3-hydroxybutanal gives 1,3-butanediol:
CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO + H2 → CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH
Dehydration of 1,3-butanediol gives 1,3-butadiene:
CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH → CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2 H2O



OCCURRENCE OF 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
1,3-Butanediol is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.
1,3-Butanediol has been detected in green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (Capsicum annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
1,3-Butanediol, also referred to as 1,3-Butylene glycol, maintains FDA GRAS status as a flavor molecule.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
Transparent colorless hygroscopic viscous liquid, with weak special taste.
Almost no odor.
Boiling point 207.5 °c, relative density (4:1.0059, refractive index (nD20)1.4401, freezing point 1,3-Butanediol has a certain antibacterial effect.
1,3-Butanediol is miscible in water, acetone, soluble in ether.



PREPARATION METHOD OF 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
using acetaldehyde as a raw material, 3-hydroxybutyraldehyde is produced by self-condensation in an alkali solution and then hydrogenated to Form 1,3-butanediol.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
*Primary alcohols
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
*Secondary alcohol
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Primary alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



COMPOUND TYPE OF 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
*Flavouring Agent
*Food Toxin
*Household Toxin
*Industrial/Workplace Toxin
*Metabolite
*Natural Compound
*Organic Compound
*Plant Toxin
*Solvent



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
Chemical formula: C4H10O2
Molar mass: 90.122 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Density: 1.0053 g cm−3
Melting point: −50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K)
Boiling point: 204 to 210 °C; 399 to 410 °F; 477 to 483 K
Solubility in water: 1 kg dm−3
log P: −0.74
Vapor pressure: 8 Pa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.44
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 227.2 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −501 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −2.5022
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless, clear
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/freezing point: -57 °C - ISO 3016
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 203 - 204 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 12,6 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,9 %(V)

Flash point: 108 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 410 °C at 1.019 hPa - DIN 51794
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 6,0 - 7,0 at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 131,83 mPa.s at 20 °C - ASTM D 445
Water solubility 500 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: -0,9 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: 0,08 hPa at 20 °C
Density. 1,005 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Surface tension: 72,6 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C
Dissociation constant: 15,5 at 25 °C
Relative vapor density: 3,11 - (Air = 1.0)
CAS number: 107-88-0
EC number: 203-529-7
Hill Formula: C₄H₁₀O₂

Chemical formula: CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CH₂OH
Molar Mass: 90.12 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 39 20
Density: 1.00 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.9 - 12.6 %(V)
Flash point: 108 °C
Ignition temperature: 410 °C DIN 51794
pH value: 6.0 - 7.0 (H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.08 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: >500 g/l miscible
Molecular Weight: 90.12 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 90.068079557 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 90.068079557 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 28.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C4H10O2 = 90.12
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Hygroscopic
CAS RN: 107-88-0
Reaxys Registry Number: 1718945
PubChem Substance ID: 87563682
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 509
Merck Index (14): 1567
MDL Number: MFCD00004554
Molecular Weight: 90.12
Appearance: Liquid
Formula: C4H10O2
CAS No.: 107-88-0

SMILES: CC(O)CCO
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00 sum of isomers
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.00400 to 1.00700 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.364 to 8.389
Refractive Index: 1.43900 to 1.44100 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -50.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 207.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.020100 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 3.2 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 228.00 °F. TCC ( 108.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): -0.290
Soluble in: acetone, alcohol, water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: ether
XLogP3: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 90.068079557 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 90.068079557 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 28.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Storage: Store at RT
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.44 (lit.)
Stability: Stable.
LogP: log Kow = -0.29 (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.02 [mmHg]
Henry's Law Constant: 2.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
Dissociation Constants: pKa = 15.1 at 25 °C
Odor: Practically odorless
IUPAC Name: butane-1,3-diol
Canonical SMILES: CC(CCO)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H10O2/c1-4(6)2-3-5/h4-6H,2-3H2,1H3
InChI Key: PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 207.0±0.0°C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: -54 °C
Flash Point: 226.4 °F - closed cup
Purity: 99.5%
Density: 1.005±0.1 g/cm3
Solubility: Soluble in Chloroform (Sparingly), DMSO (Slightly), Methanol
Appearance: colourless liquid
Chemical Formula: C4H10O2

Average Molecular Weight: 90.121
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 90.068079564
IUPAC Name: butane-1,3-diol
Traditional Name: 1,3-butanediol
CAS Registry Number: 107-88-0
SMILES: CC(O)CCO
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C4H10O2/c1-4(6)2-3-5/h4-6H,2-3H2,1H3
InChI Key: PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C4H10O2
Molar Mass: 90.12
Density: 1.005g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
Melting Point: -54 °C
Boling Point: 203-204°C(lit.)
Flash Point: 250°F
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Solubility: It is miscible in water, acetone, and soluble in ether.
Vapor Presure: 0.06 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Vapor Density: 3.1 (20 °C, vs air)
Appearance: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.004 – 1.007
Color: Clear colorless to yellow, may discolor to brown on storage
Merck: 14,1567
BRN: 1731276
pKa: 14.83±0.20(Predicted)
PH: 6.1 (500g/l, H2O, 20℃)

Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Stability: Stable.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Explosive Limit: 1.9-12.6%(V)
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.44(lit.)
MDL: MFCD00004554
Molecular Weight： 90.122
Exact Mass： 90.12
EC Number： 203-529-7
ICSC Number： 1182
NSC Number： 402145|6966
DSSTox ID： DTXSID8026773
Color/Form： Viscous liquid|Pure compound is colorless
HScode： 29053920
PSA： 40.5
XLogP3： -0.29 (est)
Appearance： Liquid
Density： 1.0059 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point： Boiling Point： 207.5 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

Flash Point： 121°C
Refractive Index： n 20/D 1.44(lit.)
Water Solubility： Solubility in water: good
Storage Conditions： 2-8ºC
Vapor Pressure： Vapour pressure, Pa at 20°C: 8
Vapor Density： Relative vapour density (air = 1): 3.2
Explosive limit： 1.9-12.6%(V)
Odor： Practically odorless
Taste： Sweet flavor with bitter aftertaste
Henrys Law Constant： Henry's Law constant = 2.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
Dissociation Constants： pKa = 15.1 at 25 °C
Solubility: (20 °C) soluble
Molar Mass: 90.12 g/mol
Boiling Point: 207.5 °C (1.013 hPa)
Vapor Pressure: 0.08 hPa (20 °C)
Flash Point: 121 °C
Refractive Index: 1.4395 (20 °C, 589 nm)
Explosion Limit: 1.8 - 9.4 %(V)
Density: 1.00 g/cm3 (20 °C)
pH: 6 - 7 (1 g/l, H2O)
Ignition Point: 440 °C DIN 51794



FIRST AID MEASURES of 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
hygroscopic



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 1,3-BUTANEDIOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Butane-1,3-diol
1,3-butylene glycol
butane-1,3-diol
1,3-dihydroxybutane
1,3-Butylene glycol
1,3-BUTANEDIOL
Butane-1,3-diol
107-88-0
1,3-Butylene glycol
Butylene glycol
1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Methyltrimethylene glycol
1,3 Butylene glycol
1,3-Butandiol
beta-Butylene glycol
1-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol
(RS)-1,3-Butandiol
1,3-Butylenglykol
1,3-Butanodiol
.beta.-Butylene glycol
Caswell No. 128GG
NSC 402145
NSC-402145
HSDB 153
EINECS 203-529-7
BUTANEDIOL,1,3-
UNII-3XUS85K0RA
BRN 1731276
3XUS85K0RA
(R)-1,3-butanediol
AI3-11077
DTXSID8026773
CHEBI:52683
NSC6966
EC 203-529-7
0-01-00-00477 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID306773
1,3-butane diol
CAS-107-88-0
1,3-Butanediol, (R)-
1,3-Butanediol, (S)-
Jeechem Bugl
MFCD00064277
b-Butylene glycol
1.3-butanediol
1,3 -butanediol
1,3-butilenglicol
MFCD00004554
1 3-Dihydroxybutane
1,3-Dihidroxibutano
3-hydroxy-1-butanol
Butanediol, 1,3-
DL-1,3-butanediol
DL-1 3-Butanediol
1 3-Butylene glycol
Butylene glycol (NF)
(RS)-13-Butanediol
(S)-(+)-butanediol
racemic 1,3-butanediol
BUTANEDIOL,3-
(RS)-1,3-butanodiol
1,3-butanediol, DL-
(RS)-1 3-Butanediol
(RS)-1,3-Butanediol
Butane- 1, 3- diol
1-metil-1,3-propanodiol
butane - 1,3 - diol
Niax DP 1022
(+-)-Butane-13-diol
Butylene glycol (1,3-)
1-Methyl-1 3-propanediol
(+-)-butano-1,3-diol
(+/-) 1,3 butandiol
(+/-)-1,3-butandiol
13BGK
C(CO)C(C)O
BUTYLENE GLYCOL [II]
BUTYLENE GLYCOL [INCI]
(.+/-.)-1,3-Butanediol
CHEMBL3186475
WLN: QY1 & 2Q
1,3-BUTANEDIOL [HSDB]
1,3-BUTANDIOL [WHO-DD]
1,3-Butanediol, (.+/-.)-
1,3-BUTYLENE GLYCOL [MI]
NSC-6966
1,3-BUTYLENE GLYCOL [FCC]
Tox21_202408
Tox21_300085
1,3 BUTYLENE GLYCOL [FHFI]
BBL037424
BUTANE-1,3-DIOL [USP-RS]
Butylene Glycol (Butane-1,3-diol)
HY-77490A
NSC402145
STL483070
AKOS000119043
DB14110
LS-2597
SB44648
SB44659
SB83779
NCGC00247900-01
NCGC00247900-02
NCGC00253944-01
NCGC00259957-01
SY049450
1,3 BUTYLENE GLYCOL, (+/-)-
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol, analytical standard
B0679
B3770
CS-0115644
FT-0605126
FT-0605294
FT-0606593
EN300-19320
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol, anhydrous, >=99%
1,3-Butanediol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
C20335
D10695
F82621
Q161496
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), 99.5%
J-002028
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
F8880-3340
Butane-1,3-diol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
55251-78-0
β-Butylene glycol
Methyltrimethylene glycol
1-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
1,3-Butylene glycol
1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Butane-1,3-diol
BD; 1,3-Butandiol
1,3-Butylenglykol
1,3-Butanodiol
Butanediol,1,3-
(RS)-1,3-Butanediol
Butylene glycol
NSC 402145
Butylene Glycol
1,3-Butandiol
1,3-Butanodiol
1,3-butylene
1,3-Butylenglykol
1,3-Dihydroxybotane
1-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
1,3-butylene glycol
β-butylene glycol
methyltrimethylene glycol
(±)-Butane-1,3-diol
NSC 402145
(RS)-1,3-Butanediol
(±)-Butane-1,3-diol
1,3-Butylene Glycol
1,3-Dihydroxybutane
1-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
13BGK
3-Hydroxy-1-butanol
Butylene Glycol
DL-1,3-Butanediol
Jeechem Bugl
Methyltrimethylene Glycol
NSC 402145
Niax DP 1022
β-Butylene Glycol
(RS)-1,3-Butandiol
1,3 Butylene glycol
1,3-Butandiol
1,3-Butylene glycol
1,3-Butylenglykol
1,3-Dihydroxybutane
1-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
beta-Butylene glycol
Methyltrimethylene glycol
b-Butylene glycol
Β-butylene glycol
1,3-Butylene glycol, (14)C-labeled
1,3-Butylene glycol, (DL)-isomer
1,3-Butylene glycol, (R)-isomer
1,3-Butylene glycol, (S)-isomer
Butylene glycol
(+/-)-1,3-butanediol
(.+/-.)-1,3-butanediol
(R)-(-)-Butane-1,3-diol
(R)-1,3-Butanediol
(S)-(+)-1,3-Butanediol
(S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol
(S)-1,3-Butanediol
1,3-Butanodiol
BD
Butane-1,3-diol
DL-1,3-Butanediol
1,3-Butanediol
Butanediol
1,3-Butandiol
1,3-Butanediol
butane-1,3-diol
Methyltrimethylene
(±)-butane-1,3-diol
1,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANE
(3S)-butane-1,3-diol
(3R)-butane-1,3-diol
methyltrimethyleneglycol
Methyltrimethylene glycol
1-METHYLTRIMETHYLENE GLYCOL
1,3-BUTANEDIOL
1,3-Butylene glycol
1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Methyltrimethylene glycol
C4H10O2/CH3CHOHCH2CH2OH
Molecular mass: 90.1
CAS # 107-88-0
RTECS # EK0440000
ICSC # 1182
1,3-Butanediol
β-Butylene glycol
1,3-Butylene glycol
1,3-Dihydroxybutane
Methyltrimethylene glycol
1-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
Butylene glycol
3-Hydroxy-1-butanol
DL-1,3-Butanediol
(±)-Butane-1,3-diol
(RS)-1,3-Butanediol
NSC 402145
13BGK
Jeechem Bugl
Niax DP 1022
Haisugarcane BG
Celtol 1,3-BG
18826-95-4
817176-75-3
(+/-)-1,3-Butanediol
(.+/-.)-1,3-Butanediol
(R)-(-)-Butane-1,3-diol
(R)-1,3-Butanediol
(RS)-1,3-Butandiol
(S)-(+)-1,3-Butanediol
(S)-(+)-Butane-1,3-diol
(S)-1,3-Butanediol
1,3 Butylene glycol
1,3-Butandiol