Sodium Omadine Sodium Omadine is the sodium salt form of pyrithione, a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, Sodium Omadine appears to interfere with membrane transport ultimately leading to a loss of metabolic control. Metalworking fluids are fertile breeding grounds for microorganisms, particularly bacteria and fungi. Their unchecked growth causes fluids to deteriorate and degrades the fluid performance; this in turn causes damage to the work piece, cutting tools and fluid handling systems. Growth of microorganisms in fluids can also affect workers by causing foul odors, skin irritation and allergic reactions. These problems can be reduced or eliminated through the proper use of an antimicrobial agent. Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial is a proprietary blend based on the antimicrobial active, sodium pyrithione (CAS # 3811-73-2) a fungicidal product with a successful history of use by the metalworking industry. Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial exhibits increased efficacy against a wide variety of microorganisms found in metalworking fluid systems. In addition to its anticipated antifungal performance, Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial also exhibits antibacterial efficacy. The improved antimicrobial performance of Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial is not a result of combinations with formaldehyde-based condensates, phenols, or isothiazoline-based products. This proprietary product is a blend of sodium pyrithione with a potentiator, and an amine coupler. This versatile antimicrobial blend can eliminate the need for formulating with multiple products. Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial provides broad-spectrum antimicrobial control to a variety of metalworking fluid formulations and is suitable for use in both metalworking fluid concentrates and as a post treatment additive. Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial is registered for use with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA Reg. No. 1258-1238) under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), for use in metalworking, cutting, cooling and lubricating concentrates and end-use fluids. If you are considering another use, please consult with an Arch Chemicals, Inc. representative. It is a violation of Federal law to use an antimicrobial agent in an application for which it does not have EPA registration. Sodium omadine 2000 AnTIMICROBIAL HAS THE FOLLOWInG PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES. Sodium pyrithione, % 10.0 Form Liquid Color Medium yellow Odor Amine pH @ 10% 11-12 Density@25°C 1.12 ADDRESSInG THE BLUE COLOR PROBLEM Metalworking fluids have been known to change color upon the addition of pyrithione-based biocides. This is often referred to as the ‘blue-color problem’. The color change is due to the presence of ionic iron, which combines with pyrithione to form a highly colored, water insoluble compound. Iron can be introduced through raw materials, dilution water, or certain metalworking fluid operations. In the case of metalworking fluid concentrates, while the levels of ionic iron present are usually low, typically in the range of 5-25 ppm (parts per million), addition of sodium pyrithione will discolor the formulation, turning it gray or at times black. One method for addressing this problem is through the use of iron specific sequestering agents, like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or Arch’s Wayhib RW Chelating Agent. A more chronic problem for pryithione-based biocides is with high-speed cast iron machining operations. Metalworking fluid formulations used in these operations tend to accumulate and maintain high levels of ionic iron, making the use of sodium pyrithione unsuitable. In controlled laboratory tests dilute metalworking fluids known to contain 100-150 ppm of ironic iron did not discolor. In addition, this proprietary new antimicrobial can be used in formulations, which accumulate and maintain high levels of iron, while in use. Additions of Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial to dilute metalworking fluids known to contain ionic iron in the range of 100-150 ppm did not turn blue, and the antimicrobial performance remains intact. AnTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY Below is a summary of data obtained using a test designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial in three types of metalworking fluid formulations. The test protocol calls for one hundred milliliters of appropriately diluted fluid (20:1) to be placed into two hundred fifty milliliter Erlenmyer flasks. Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial is added to each flask at the onset of the experiment. The treatment level used for this experiment was 1000 ppm, product as sold. Flasks are maintained at ambient temperature on an orbital shaker and challenged 3 times a week with a mixed inoculum of bacteria and fungi. RECOMMEnDED USE LEVELS The recommended use level for Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial in metalworking fluid concentrates (typically used at 20:1) is between 2.0-4.0%, product as sold. Post treatment dose levels of 1000-3000 ppm, product as sold, have been shown to be very effective in dilute metalworking fluids. The Following United States EPA Guidelines Should be Followed When Using This Biocide: TO INHIBIT THE GROWTH OF FUNGI AND BACTERIA IN AQUEOUS METALWORKING, CUTTING, COOLING AND LUBRICATING FLUIDS: Add up to 5000 parts per million (0. 5% v/v) of Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial to the diluted fluid (5.0 gals per 1000 gals). When adding fresh diluted fluid to compensate for dragout or other losses, add Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial to makeup fluid according to the above directions. Frequent checks (at least once per week) of the bacterial and fungal population in the system should be made using standard microbiological plate count procedures or any of the commercial "dip-stick" type devices. When the bacterial count reaches 105 and/or the fungal count reaches 102 organisms per milliliter, add additional Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial according to the above directions. The fluid should be checked at least once per day with a refractometer (or other suitable means) to determine if water loss by evaporation has occurred. Make-up water should be added daily to compensate for such losses. The fluid should be monitored at least once per week (depending on the metalworking operation involved) for the following: tramp oil, pH, odor, oil droplet size, and anticorrosion properties. If any of these parameters is outside the specifications established for the system in question, they should be brought up to specifications by the addition of suitable additives or the fluid should be discarded and replaced after cleaning the system. Add Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial to the fresh fluid according to the above directions. Contaminated fluid systems should be cleaned prior to the addition of Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial. Drain the system, clean with a cleaner designed for this purpose, rinse with water, and refill with fresh fluid. Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial may be added to the fluid at the time it is prepared (diluted) or to the reservoir (sump) containing the fluid after it is put into use. If it is added to the reservoir, the fluid should be circulated after addition to ensure mixing. LIGHT STABILITY Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial will gradually degrade when exposed to UV light. Formulations containing Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial should be packaged in brown or opaque containers unless tests have shown that photodegradation is not a problem. PH STABILITY Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial is effective over the pH range typical of most metalworking fluids. Below pH 4.5, the sodium salt is in equilibrium with free pyrithione and while pyrithione is microbiologically active, it is very unstable in the presence of light or oxygen. CHEMICAL REACTIVITY Oxidizing agents (such as peroxides and hypohalites) will convert pyrithione first to dipyrithione (2,2'-dithiobis-pyridine-1, 1'- dioxide), which is microbiologically active, and finally to pyrithione sulfinic or sulfonic acid, which are not microbiologically active compounds. SAFETY InFORMATIOn Material Safety Data Sheets containing appropriate health and safety advice on Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial are available from your nearest regional office. PACKAGInG Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial is available from Rochester, NY in 45lb. And 500 lb. Containers and is available from Swords, Republic of Ireland in a 226.8 kg container. To place an order, call our order fulfillment group at 770-805-3301. APPLICATIOn For product application and formulation information please refer to Sodium omadine 2000 Antimicrobial product labeling. Directions for Use of Sodium omadine To inhibit the growth of fungi in aqueous metalworking, cutting, cooling and lubricating fluids: Add up to 1250 ppm (0.125% v/v) of Sodium omadine fungicide to the diluted fluid (1.25 gal per 1000 gal of solution). Typical recommended dose levels are between 200 and 500 ppm, product as sold. Different use and contamination conditions may require different levels of Sodium omadine fungicide and while compatible with most metalworking fluids physical and chemical compatibility testing is recommended. When adding fresh diluted fluid to compensate for dragout or other losses, add Sodium omadine fungicide to make-up fluid according to the above directions. Frequent checks (at least once per week) of the bacterial and fungal population in the system should be made using standard microbiological plate count procedures or any of the commercial “dip-stick” type devices. When the fungal count reaches 102 organisms per milliliter or greater, add additional Sodium omadine fungicide according to the above directions. The fluid should be checked at least once per day with a refractometer (or other suitable means) to determine if water loss by evaporation has occurred. Make-up water should be added daily to compensate for such losses. The fluid should be monitored at least once per week (depending on the metalworking operation involved) for the following: tramp oil, pH, odor, oil droplet size, and anticorrosion properties. If any of these parameters is outside the specifications established for the system in question, they should be brought up to specifications by the addition of suitable additives or the fluid should be discarded and replaced after cleaning the system. Add Sodium omadine fungicide to the fresh fluid according to the above directions. Contaminated fluid systems should be cleaned prior to the addition of Sodium omadine fungicide. Drain the system, clean with a cleaner designed for this purpose, rinse with water, and refill with fresh fluid. Sodium omadine fungicide may be added to the fluid at the time it is prepared (diluted) or to the reservoir (sump) containing the fluid after it is put into use. If it is added to the reservoir, the fluid should be circulated after addition to ensure mixing. To inhibit the growth of fungi in aqueous metalworking, cutting, cooling and lubricating concentrates: Add an amount that will give up to 1250 ppm in the diluted fluid. The amount required in the concentrate will depend on the end use dilution. For example: If the desired level of Sodium omadine fungicide in the diluted fluid is 200 ppm, and the end use dilution of the fluid is 5%, then a 0.4% concentration of Sodium omadine fungicide is required in the concentrate (200 ppm/0.05 = 4,000 ppm or 0.4%). Heat Stability of Sodium omadine Sodium omadine fungicide is stable at 100°C for at least 120 hours. At 150°C, the assay of Sodium omadine fungicide decreases 29% during a 48-hour period. The heat of decomposition, as measured under nitrogen by differential scanning calorimetry, is 158 cal/g for Sodium omadine fungicide. pH Stability of Sodium omadine Sodium omadine fungicide can be used over the pH range from 4.5 to 11.0. Below pH 4.5, the sodium salt is in equilibrium with free pyrithione. Pyrithione is active microbiologically, but is very unstable in the presence of light or oxygen. Light Stability of Sodium omadine Sodium omadine fungicide will gradually degrade when exposed to light, depending on the nature of the formulation. Formulations containing Sodium omadine fungicide should be packaged in brown or opaque containers unless tests have shown that photodegradation is not a problem. Sodium omadine Fungicide is a highly active, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that, when used at recommended concentrations, can help to prevent and minimize problems associated with fungal contamination. Sodium omadine is the 40% aqueous sodium salt derivative of pyrithione. Sodium Omadine functions as a wet-state preservative against bacteria and fungus in latex paints. Sodium Omadine is a highly active, very effective water soluble sodium pyrithione. Offers pronounced growth-inhibiting activity against both yeasts and molds. Sodium Omadine possesses non-irritating and non-sensitizing properties. Chemical Properties Clear solution Uses For chemistry of 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide, see Aldrichimica Acta.1 Uses sodium pyrithione is a preservative that is not commonly used because of some level of toxicity. It is prohibited in Canada, and it is on the eu Annex II list of substances that must not form part of a cosmetic product composition. Uses Sodium omadine is a bactericide for use in cooling fluids and short-term in-can preservation of vinyl acetate latex, paints, and synthetic-fiber lubricants; preservative for cosmetic rinse-off products. Definition Apparently exists in equilibrium with the -SH form. Forms chelates with iron, manganese, zinc, etc. brand name Sodium Omadine (Olin). Safety Profile Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, subcutaneous and parenteral routes. Used in preservation of cosmetics. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Na2O, NOx, and SOx. See also MERCAPTANS. Sodium omadine is the sodium salt form of pyrithione, a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, Sodium omadine appears to interfere with membrane transport ultimately leading to a loss of metabolic control. Sodium omadine is the common name of an organosulfur compound with molecular formula C5H5NOS, chosen as an abbreviation of pyridinethione, and found in the Persian shallot. It exists as a pair of tautomers, the major form being the thione 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione and the minor form being the thiol 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide; it crystallises in the thione form.[5] It is usually prepared from either 2-bromopyridine,[1] 2-chloropyridine, or 2-chloropyridine N-oxide,[8] and is commercially available as both the neutral compound and its sodium salt.[1] It is used to prepare zinc Sodium omadine, which is used primarily to treat dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis in medicated shampoos, though is also an anti-fouling agent in paints. Preparation The preparation of Sodium omadine was first reported in 1950[13] by Shaw[14] and was prepared by reaction of 2-chloropyridine N-oxide with sodium hydrosulfide followed by acidification,[8] or more recently with sodium sulfide.[15] 2-chloropyridine N-oxide itself can be prepared from 2-chloropyridine using peracetic acid.[16] Another approach involves treating the same starting N-oxide with thiourea to afford pyridyl-2-isothiouronium chloride N-oxide which undergoes base hydrolysis to Sodium omadine.[1][17] 2-Bromopyridine can be oxidised to its N-oxide using a suitable peracid (as per 2-chloropyridine), both approaches being analogous to that reported in Organic Syntheses for the oxidation of pyridine to its N-oxide. A substitution reaction using either sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) or sodium sulfide with sodium hydroxide will allow the replacement of the bromo substituent with a thiol functional group. The alternative strategy is to form the mercaptan before introducing the N-oxide moiety. 2-Mercaptopyridine was originally synthesized in 1931 by heating 2-chloropyridine with calcium hydrosulfide,[6] an approach similar that first used to prepare Sodium omadine.[8] The analogous thiourea approach via a uronium salt was reported in 1958 and provides a more convenient route to 2-mercaptopyridine.[7] Oxidation to the N-oxide can then be undertaken. The disulfide diSodium omadine, 2,2'-dithiobis(pyridine-N-oxide) Sodium omadine is found as a natural product in the Allium stipitatum plant, an Asian species of onion, also known as the Persian shallot.[4] Its presence was detected using positive ion mass spectrometry using a DART ion source[19] and the disulfide diSodium omadine [de] (2,2'-disulfanediylbis(pyridine)-1,1'-dioxide) has been reported from the same species.[20] DiSodium omadine can be prepared in a laboratory by oxidation of Sodium omadine with chlorine in the presence of sodium hydroxide: 2 C5H4NOSH + Cl2 + 2 NaOH → ONC5H4–S–S–C5H4NO + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O DiSodium omadine is used as a fungicide and bactericide,[8] and has been reported to possess novel cytotoxic activity by inducing apoptosis.[21] Properties Tautomerisation of the sodium salt of Sodium omadine (thione form on the left, thiolate form on the right) Sodium omadine exists as a pair of prototropes, a form of tautomerism whereby the rapid interconversion of constitutional isomers involves the shift of a single proton, in this case between the sulfur and oxygen atoms (shown in the infobox above). Salts of the conjugate base of Sodium omadine can also be considered to exhibit tautomerism by notionally associating the sodium ion with whichever heteroatom bears the negative charge of the anion (as opposed to the formal charges associated with the N-oxide); however, considering the anion alone, this could also be described as an example of resonance. Sodium omadine is a weak acid with pKa values of −1.95 and +4.6 (thiol proton), but is a markedly stronger acid than either of its parent compounds (pyridine-N-oxide and pyridine-2-thiol), both of which have pKa > 8.[22] It is only slightly soluble in water (2.5 g L−1) but is soluble in many organic solvents (including benzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and ethyl acetate) and slight solubility in others (diethyl ether, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, and tetrahydrofuran). Sodium omadine can be used as a source of hydroxyl radical in organic synthesis as it photochemically decomposes to HO• and (pyridin-2-yl)sulfanyl radical. Applications Structures of 1:2 complexes of zinc and the conjugate base of Sodium omadine Top: Structural formula of the monomer Bottom: Ball-and-stick model of the dimer The conjugate base of Sodium omadine (pyrithionate ion) is an anion containing two donor atoms, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom each bearing a negative formal charge; the nitrogen atom remains formally positively charged. The thiolate anion can be formed by reaction with sodium carbonate, and zinc Sodium omadine is formed when zinc chloride is added.[10] The anion can act as either a monodentate or bidentate ligand and forms a 1:2 complex with a zinc(II) metal centre. Zinc Sodium omadine has been used since the 1930s though its preparation was not disclosed until a 1955 British patent[13] in which Sodium omadine was reacted directly with hydrated zinc sulfate in ethanol.[9] In its monomeric form, zinc Sodium omadine has two of the anions chelated to a zinc centre with a tetrahedral geometry. In the solid state, it forms a dimer in which each zinc centre adopts a trigonal bipyramidal geometry with two of the anions acting as bridging ligands coordinated through the oxygen atoms in the axial positions.[26] In solution, the dimers dissociate via scission of zinc-oxygen bonds to each bridging ligand. Further dissociation of the monomer into its constituents can occur and is undesirable as the complex is more potent in medical applications; for this reason, zinc carbonate can be added to formulations as it inhibits the monomer dissociation. Zinc Sodium omadine has a long history of use in medicated shampoos to treat dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis (dandruff can be considered a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis). It exhibits both antifungal and antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the Malassezia yeasts which promote these scalp conditions. The mechanisms by which this work are the subject of ongoing study. It can be used as an antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus and Streptococcus infections for conditions such as athlete's foot, eczema, psoriasis, and ringworm. It is known to be cytotoxic against Pityrosporum ovale, especially in combination with ketoconazole, which is the preferred formulation for seborrheic dermatitis.[11] Sodium omadine itself inhibits membrane transport processes in fungi. Paints used in external environments sometimes include zinc Sodium omadine as a preventive against algae and mildew. Sodium omadine zinc is an antibacterial and antifungal agent developed by scientists in the 1930's. Since then it has been used to treat seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and other skin conditions such as eczema, athlete's foot, and vitiligo, as well as psoriasis. Because of its antifungal properties, it is commonly found in dandruff shampoo. Products containing Sodium omadine zinc are available today with and without prescription, and it is the main ingredient in many over-the-counter creams, lotions, soaps, and shampoos. It also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus genera. Sodium omadine zinc`s other medical applications include treatments of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athletes foot, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, tinea, and vitiligo. Its antifungal effect is thought to derive from its ability to disrupt membrane transport by blocking the proton pump that energizes the transport mechanism. Stability: At room temperature in the dark, Sodium omadine is stable in the pH range 4.5 to 9.5. At 100°C it is stable for at least 120 hours, at 150°C 29 % of the substance has decomposed within 48 hours. In the light or in contact with weak oxidizing agents Sodium omadine is converted to the disulfide, 2,2-pyridyl-N-oxide disulfide. With stronger oxidizing agents or in alkaline solution (pH > 9.5) the substance is converted via a number of intermediates to the sulfonic acid; the reaction with reducing agents yields thiopyridine (Olin Corporation 1989f). Independent of the exposure route, Sodium omadine is of low toxicity. The typical symptom of intoxication in rats, mice and rabbits given single or multiple doses of the substance is reversible paralysis of the rear extremities. This effect is not seen in monkeys or dogs. In both these species effects on the pupillary reflex and photophobia were observed. Irreversible eye damage, however, has been seen only in species which have a tapetum lucidum, for example, the dog. Sodium omadine is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and through the intact skin. The substance is excreted rapidly in the form of urinary metabolites. Applied to rabbits, the substance causes slight irritation of the skin and eyes. Brief contact with aqueous solutions containing less than 1 % Sodium omadine produced no effects in animals or man; sensitization could not be demonstrated. Reproductive toxicity is not observed, either after dermal application to rats or rabbits or after oral administration to rats. Embryotoxicity develops in rats but not in rabbits after maternally toxic doses of Sodium omadine. Genotoxic effects of Sodium omadine could not be demonstrated in the Salmonella mutagenicity test, in the HPRT (hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase) test or in the test for DNA repair in rat hepatocytes. However, because the substance is cytotoxic, only low concentrations could be tested. Negative results were also obtained in vivo in the micronucleus test. Sodium omadine is not carcinogenic either after dermal application to mice or after oral administration to rats. There are no reports of toxic effects of single exposures of persons to Sodium omadine. Reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Sodium omadine in man have not been described. Sodium omadine zinc, or zinc Sodium omadine or zinc pyridinethione, is a coordination complex consisted of Sodium omadine ligands chelated to zinc (2+) ions via oxygen and sulfur centers. In the crystalline state, it exists as a centrosymmetric dimer. Due to its dynamic fungistatic and bacteriostatic properties, Sodium omadine zinc is used to treat dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Dandruff is a common scalp disease affecting >40% of the world's adult population, and may be caused by fungi such as Malassezia globosa and M. restricta 3. Sodium omadine zinc is commonly found as an active ingredient in OTC antidandruff topical treatments such as shampoos. It mediates its action by increasing the cellular levels of copper, and damaging iron-sulfur clusters of proteins essential for fungal metabolism and growth 1. Due to low solubility, Sodium omadine zinc released from the topical formulations is deposited and retained relatively well onto the target skin surfaces 2. Other uses of Sodium omadine zinc include additive in antifouling outdoor paints and algaecide. While its use has been approved in the early 1960's by the FDA 4, safety and effectiveness of Sodium omadine zinc has been reported for decades. It is not shown to have any significant estrogenic activity according to the in vivo and in vitro assays 4. Photodegradation in water A study of the photolysis rate of sodium omadine has been carried out. In a GLP study conducted according to US guideline US FDA Technical Assistance Document, Guideline 3.10 Photodegradation. 1987.) (5.1.3.001, EZPTF 7011-121) at a concentration of 10 mg/L, DT50for photolysis were determined to be <10 minutes at pH 5 and 7 and <15 minutes at pH 9. Degradants were not identified in this study. A further study of the aqueous photolysis rate of Sodium omadine has also been conducted (refer to Table 5.1.2). Study (5.1.3.003, EZPTF 7011-123) was conducted to determine the influence of concentration on photolysis rates. Photolysis was done in deionized water with zinc Sodium omadine concentrations of 0.1-1 μg/L, which are much closer to predicted environmental concentrations than those of the other two studies. Exposure to natural sunlight (42° N latitude) was done in quartz tubes at noon during the months of July through October. ZnPT was shown to have considerable absorptivity in the range of 290-400 nm, where photoactive solar radiation is available and photolysis in natural sunlight was very rapid. Measured photolysis half-lives ranged from 1.1 to 1.4 minutes in deionized water. Simultaneous exposure of the actinometer (o‑nitrobenzaldehyde) solutions allowed the calculation of photolysis disappearance quantum yields. Reproducibility at the very low concentrations used in this study required that several exposure experiments be run for each test compound and the results averaged. The quantum yield for ZnPT at 3.15 x 10-9M and 3.15 x 10-10M was 0.17 ± 0.06 (n = 4). This study also demonstrated that three metallic complexes of Sodium omadine (Zinc, Copper and Sodium) all exhibited the same photolysis rate at environmentally relevant concentrations. Photodegradation in air This point is regarded not to be relevant because: - the vapour pressure of NaPT is very low, resulting in negligible exposure to the atmosphere. - the calculation according to the Atkinson calculation method (5.1.1.001, ESPTF 7031-001) indicates a short half-life (53.8 hours) of sodium Sodium omadine in the atmosphere. Summary of degradation - Sodium Sodium omadine is hydrolytically stable. - Sodium Sodium omadine passes the ready biodegradability test according to OECD 301B and biodegradation is rapid in soil, water-sediment, and STP. The degradation profile is well identified passing through several transient degradants to a final somewhat persistent degradant 2‑pyridine sulphonic acid (PSA). - Photolysis is extremely rapid—again leading to the final somewhat persistent degradant 2‑pyridine sulphonic acid (PSA). - The final degradant, PSA, passes the ready biodegradability test according to OECD 301B. Sodium omadine is a fungistatic and antimicrobial derivative of aspergillic acid. Although the exact mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, Sodium omadine appears to interfere with membrane transport ultimately leading to a loss of metabolic control. Absorption Following oral ingestion, only the Sodium omadine moiety is absorbed. Less than 1% of administered zinc Sodium omadine is absorbed from the skin [L1758]. Radioabeled Zn Sodium omadine administered to rats, rabbits and monkeys, either orally or via intraperitoneal injection were absorbed into circulatin to extent of 80-90% [L1758].Inhibition of fungal growth by Sodium omadine zinc is linked to increased copper uptake and cellular levels of copper, which is demonstrated by decreased CTR1-lacZ expression and slightly increased CUP1-lacZ expression in affected microorganisms [A32162]. The coordination complex of Sodium omadine zinc dissociates, and Sodium omadine ligand forms a CuPT complex from available extracellular copper in the target organism. Sodium omadine acts as an ionophore, interacting nonspecifically with the plasma membrane to shuttle copper into the cell, and facilitates copper transport across intracellular membranes [A32162]. Copper may be shuttled into the mitochondria. Copper inactivates iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-containing proteins via a mechanism similar to that described for copper-induced growth inhibition in bacteria [A32162]. Decreased activity of Fe-S proteins leads to inhibition of fungal metabolism and fungal growth. Sodium omadine zinc has been shown to slightly increase the levels of zinc [A32162]. Sodium omadine (or pyrithione zinc) is a coordination complex of zinc. It has fungistatic (that is, it inhibits the division of fungal cells) and bacteriostatic (inhibits bacterial cell division) properties and is used in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Structure of the compound The pyrithione ligands, which are formally monoanions, are chelated to Zn2+ via oxygen and sulfur centers. In the crystalline state, Sodium omadine exists as a centrosymmetric dimer (see figure), where each zinc is bonded to two sulfur and three oxygen centers.[3] In solution, however, the dimers dissociate via scission of one Zn-O bond. This compound was first described in the 1930s. Pyrithione is the conjugate base derived from 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide (CAS# 1121-31-9), a derivative of pyridine-N-oxide. Uses Medical Sodium omadine can be used to treat dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis.[medical citation needed] It also has antibacterial properties and is effective against many pathogens from the Streptococcus and Staphylococcus genera.[medical citation needed] Its other medical applications include treatments of psoriasis, eczema, ringworm, fungus, athletes foot, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, tinea versicolor,[5] and vitiligo. In paint Due to its low solubility in water (8 ppm at neutral pH), Sodium omadine is suitable for use in outdoor paints and other products that provide protection against mildew and algae. It is an effective algaecide. It is chemically incompatible with paints relying on metal carboxylate curing agents. When used in latex paints with water containing high amount of iron, a sequestering agent that will preferentially bind the iron ions is needed. Its decomposition by ultraviolet light is slow, providing years of protection even against direct sunlight. In sponges Sodium omadine is also used as an antibacterial treatment for household sponges, most notably by the 3M Corporation.[6] In clothing A process to apply Sodium omadine to cotton with washable results was patented in the United States in 1984.[7] Sodium omadine is now used to prevent microbe growth in polyester.[8] Textiles with applied Sodium omadine protect against odor-causing microorganisms. Export of antimicrobial textiles reached US$497.4 million in 2015. Mechanism of action Its antifungal effect is thought to derive from its ability to disrupt membrane transport by blocking the proton pump that energizes the transport mechanism. Health effects Sodium omadine is approved for over-the-counter topical use in the United States as a tr

SODIUM PCA Please consult your doctor or pharmacist or read the package insert. Cite this page APA Style Citation Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane - Uses, Side-Effects, Reviews, and Precautions - MLA Style Citation "Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane - Chicago Style Citation "Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane - Related Links Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane for skin conditioning Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane for hair conditioning More about Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Uses Comments Consumer Survey - Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane The following are the results of an ongoing survey on TabletWise.com for Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane. These results only show the perceptions of the users of this website. Please make your medical decisions based on the advice of a doctor or a specialist. Uses, Efficiency and Side Effects The following are information on the usage, perceived efficiency and frequency of side effects offered by site visitors for Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane: Overdose of Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Do not use more than prescribed dose. Consuming more of the drug will not improve your symptoms; on the contrary, it can cause poisoning or serious side effects. If you suspect that you or a relative has used an overdose of Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane, please visit your nearest hospital emergency department. To help doctors, bring necessary information such as a medicine box, bottle, or label. Do not give your medication to someone else, even if you know they have the same condition or they seem to have similar conditions. This can cause an overdose. For more information, consult your pharmacist or check the package insert. Storage of Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Store medicines at room temperature, away from heat and light. Do not freeze medicines unless it is written on the package insert. Keep medicines out of the reach of children and pets. Do not pour medicines into the toilet or sink unless you are told to do so in the package insert. Drugs disposed in this way can pollute the nature. Please consult your pharmacist or doctor for more details on how to safely discard Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane. Expired Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Taking a single dose of expired Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane is likely to cause an adverse event. Consult your family doctor or pharmacist for appropriate advice or if you feel unwell. Expired drugs will not be effective in treating conditions on your prescription. In order to stay safe, it is very important not to use expired medications. If you have a chronic illness that requires constant medication, such as heart disease, seizures, and life-threatening allergies, it is even more important to stay in touch with your GP so that you can replace expired medications immediately. Dosage Information Is this drug or product addictive or addictive? Many drugs are not marketed as addictive or abusive. Often ministries categorize drugs into controlled and non-addictive drugs. For example, this classification is H and X in India and II and V in the USA. Please check the box to make sure the drug belongs to such a special classification. Finally, do not try to self-medicate and increase your body's dependence without the advice of a doctor. Can I stop using this product immediately or do I get rid of it gradually? Some drugs should be tapered or their use should not be stopped suddenly to avoid withdrawal effects. Consult your doctor for recommendations specific to your body and health condition and other medications you can use. Other important information on Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Forgetting to take a dose If you forget to take a dose, use it immediately. If your next dose is too close to your time, stop taking the missed dose and stick to your dosing schedule. Do not take extra doses to treat the missed dose. If you regularly forget your doses, set an alarm or ask a family member to remind you. Please consult your doctor to make changes to your dosing schedule or to make up for missed doses if you have recently forgotten too many doses. Before using this medicine, you should inform your doctor about the medicines you are currently using, the medicines you are using without a prescription (e.g. vitamins, herbal supplements, etc.), allergies, your past illnesses and your current health condition (e.g. pregnancy, upcoming surgery, etc.) inform. Certain health conditions can make you more susceptible to the side effects of the medication. Take the steps as directed by your doctor or consider what is written on the product. The dosage depends on your condition. If your condition persists or worsens, notify your doctor. Key issues to consult are listed below. Planning to get pregnant, pregnant or breastfeeding Please consult your doctor or pharmacist or refer to the package insert for this information. Hypersensitivity to Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane is a contraindication. In addition, Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane should not be used if you have the following conditions: Hypersensitivity Frequently Asked Questions Is it safe to drive or use heavy machinery while using this product? If you experience side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension (low blood pressure) or headache while using Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane, it may not be safe to drive and / or use a construction machine. If the medication used causes drowsiness, dizziness or lowers your blood pressure, you should not drive. In addition, pharmacists advise patients not to drink alcohol with the drug, as alcohol intensifies side effects such as drowsiness. Please check for these effects on your body when using Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane. Always consult your doctor for advice specific to your body and health condition. Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Medicine Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane Overview Uses Side effects Precautions Interactions Contraindications Overview Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane combination is used for Skin conditioning, Hair conditioning and other conditions. Detailed information on the use of Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane product, side effects, product comments, questions, interactions and precautions are as follows: uses Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane is used for the treatment, control, prevention, & improvement of the following diseases, conditions and symptoms: Skin conditioning Hair softening Further information: Uses Side effects The following is a list of possible side-effects that may occur in medicines that contain Sodium Pca / Cyclopentasiloxane. This is not an exhaustive list. These side effects are likely to occur, but do not always occur. Some of the side effects are rare but can be very serious. Be sure to consult your doctor if you observe any of the following side effects, especially those that do not go away even if you expect them to. Skin irritation Hives If you notice any side effects other than those listed below, consult your doctor for medical advice. You can also report side effects to your nearest health department official. Measures Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil, Rosa Damascena Flower Water, Beeswax (Cera Alba), Pentylene Glycol, Corylus Avellana (Hazel) Seed Oil, Ormenis Multicaulis Flower Wax, Sodium PCA Carbonate Decahydrate, Limonene, Citrus Medica Lemonum (Lemon) Peel Oil, Osmanthus Fragrans Flower Extract, Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil, Tocopherol, Citronellol, Geraniol, Citral. If you have oily skin, avoid the first line items in their products being oil. In this case, make sure that the moisturizing agents are glycerin, sodium PCA, hyaluronic acid or sodium PCA hyaluronate. Amino acid cocktail: It contains Sodium PCA and 8 types of amino acids found in the skin's own structure. It is very effective in the care of mature skin. It helps the skin to be nourished and restructured. Bifida Ferment Lysate: It is an antiaging active with proven effectiveness. It prevents the damage of UV light on DNA. It helps to repair wrinkles by helping to repair DNA. 50ml Content: Sodium PCA: Protects against dryness by allowing the skin to retain more moisture. It is a natural and important moisturizing agent that is also found in the skin structure. Content: Amino acid cocktail: It contains Sodium PCA and 8 types of amino acids found in the skin's own structure. It is very effective in the care of mature skin. It helps the skin to be nourished and restructured. Glycine Soybean Seed Extract: Increases the strength of the skin with protein, glycoprotein and polysaccharides obtained from soy, renews the skin and revitalizes the skin cells. It helps prevent premature aging effects caused by UV rays and DNA damage on the skin. UVA / UVB Protection Factor: It contains a protection factor of 15 SPF. 50ml Hyaluronic acid, one of the most effective moisture retainers, has a water holding capacity of 1000 times its own weight. It has a tightening effect. It increases the elasticity of the skin. It ensures the transmission of moisture to all cells in the skin. Provides moisturization for a long time on the skin. These products, which plump the skin and provide moisture for a long time, are suitable for day and night use. It also ensures that the skin is smooth and even toned. Active Ingredients / Active Ingredients Sodium PCA, Sodium hyaluronate, Panthenol 10 x 2 ml Sodium PCA Messages Overview(active tab) Safety Resources What Is It? In cosmetics and personal care products, Sodium PCA (pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid) is used mostly in the formulation of hair conditioners and moisturizers. The sodium PCA salt of Sodium PCA, Sodium PCA, can be found in these products, as well as in shampoos, hair sprays, permanent waves, skin fresheners and other hair and skin care products. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? Sodium PCA and Sodium PCA increase the water content of the top layers of the skin by drawing moisture from the surrounding air. They also enhance the appearance and feel of hair, by increasing hair body, suppleness, or sheen, or by improving the texture of hair that has been damaged physically or by chemical treatment. Abstract Sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid is the sodium PCA salts of 2 pyrrolidone 5 carboxylate, It is one of the major Natural Moisturing factor (NMF) found in human skin. It is documented that sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (Na- Sodium PCA) is used in hair care & skin care products with great effectivity as it is water extracting skin component. As Na- Sodium PCA is the Natural Moisturizing Agent, it gives suppleness, humectancy & moisturizing property. It is being water soluble, therefore an oil in water (O/W) cream base decided to develop. Three formulae were developed in laboratory incorporating 2.5% & 5% of Na- Sodium PCA &7.5% glycerine. Three cream prepared were further studied for its stability with reference to effect of temp. i.e. at Room Temp.-24-28°c,at oven 50°c, & at refrigerator 90°c, change in colour, odour, pH, globules size & viscosity. It was further decided to study the performance evaluation. Details Sodium PCA stands for Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid and though it might not sound like it, it is a thing that can be found naturally in our skin. The sodium PCA salt form of Sodium PCA is an important skin-identical ingredient and great natural moisturizer that helps the skin to hold onto water and stay nicely hydrated. Description: Sodium PCA is the sodium PCA salt of pyroglutamic acid which is an uncommon amino acid found naturally in many proteins. Concentration: 50% (dissolved in water). GMO-free, gluten-free. Colorless to pale yellow clear liquid, soluble in water, pH 6.8-7.4. CAS: 28874-51-3 INCI Name: Sodium PCA (sodium L-pyroglutamate) Benefits: Occurs naturally in human skin and is responsible for binding moisture to the cells Highly water-absorbent, holding several time its weight in water, which makes it an excellent humectant Well-know as skin-penetration enhancer Stronger hydrating agent than the traditional compounds like glycerin or propylene glycol Good for hair care as it reduces static electricity. Use: Add as is to the water phase of the formulas, typical use level 1 - 10% in emulsions. For external use only. Applications: All kinds of skin care products such as creams, gels, lotions, hair care products, color cosmetics. Country of Origin: USA Raw material source: The original amino acid proline is obtained mainly from fruits and coconut oil. Manufacture: A fermentation process of sugars and starches is then used in order to create Sodium PCA from proline. Animal Testing: Not animal tested GMO: GMO-free but not certified Vegan: Does not contain any animal-derived components SODIUM PCA SODIUM PCA is classified as : Antistatic Hair conditioning Humectant Skin conditioning CAS Number 28874-51-3 EINECS/ELINCS No: 249-277-1 COSING REF No: 79910 Chem/IUPAC Name: Sodium PCA 5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate Sodium PCA is the sodium PCA salt of pyroglutamic acid (also known as Sodium PCA). Sodium PCA is a naturally occurring component of human skin and a part of the "natural moisturizing factors" (NMF) that maintain a healthy epidermis. Sodium PCA is very hygroscopic, attracting moisture from the air. It imparts a moist feeling to hair and skin. Sodium PCA applied to the skin is absorbed to a limited extent. It is non-comedogenic, nonirritating to the eye and skin -- even at concentrations up to 50%, and does not contribute to phototoxicity or sensitization. It is rapidly biodegradable. Soluble in water and ethanol and insoluble in oils, it is used for its powerful humectant properties in many skin and hair care products including gels, creams, lotions, shampoos, conditioners, lipsticks and foundations. This Sodium PCA is sourced from all-natural, vegetable-based ingredients; it contains no animal-based ingredients of any kind. INCI: Sodium PCA INCI: Sodium PCA 50% pH-value 6,8-7,4% Dosage: 0,5 - 10% Sodium PCA is a kind of natural moisturizing factor(NMF). It becomes an important additive ingredient in skin-care and hair-care cosmetics in the recent years. It has stronger hydrating power than that of glycerin, sorbitol and propanediol. What is Sodium PCA? Jun 08, 2019 Sodium PCA levels in the skin are highest during childhood. As time progresses, these levels can drop significantly. Using skin care products containing Sodium PCA can help increase these levels as you age. Sodium PCA also contains antioxidants that fight free radicals that can age the skin. It also contains vitamins D and E, which can aid in skin rejuvenation. This powerful moisturizer is made from many herbs, but sodium PCA from each herb is used to do different things. For example, Sodium PCA from herbs and vegetables can be used as an emollient. When Sodium PCA is derived from coconut oil, it is used as an emulsifier. Sodium PCA found in cherry or seaweed can replenish moisture inside the skin. Sodium PCA can also be used in certain types of lotions that protect the skin from excessive sunlight. This ingredient not only draws moisture into the skin but can also help keep it in. This makes it best suited for all skincare products. When sodium PCA is used in soaps, it can help the skin in many ways. It works with the natural Sodium PCA found in the skin to create a healthier and renewed skin. Sodium PCA used in shampoos and conditioners helps to retain water in the hair shaft. It can also add shine and bounce to hair. When the hair is very dry, static can build up, causing difficult-to-manage, flying hair. Sodium PCA keeps enough moisture in the hair to eliminate frizzy and dry hair. In small quantities, the use of sodium PCA is not considered harmful. It is considered to be mildly toxic, but is sometimes used with nitrosamine, which is thought to be a toxin. There were no known skin or eye irritations associated with the use of Sodium PCA. Effects of lactic acid and sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid on the irritated skin reaction induced by sodium PCA lauryl sulphate patch testing of normal persons and atopic dermatitis patients Background: Natural moisturizing factors such as sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and lactic acid may play an important role in increasing the moisture retention of isolated stratum corneum and reducing the incidence of dry and flaky skin in vivo. Although the precise mechanism of surfactant irritancy is not fully understood, it has been suggested that barrier dysfunction of stratum corneum by surfactants results in skin changes such as scaling, erythema, and even fissuring. Objective: We evaluated the effect of sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid(Na Sodium PCA) and lactic acid(LA) with several non-invasive measuring methods in the irritated skin reaction induced by sodium PCA lauryl sulphate (SLS) in normal persons and atopic dermatitis patients. Methods: After skin irritation for 24 hours with patch test of 1% SLS on five volar sites of right forearm, we applied nothing(A), 3% LA+3% Na Sodium PCA PCA(B), 3% LA(C), 3% Na Sodium PCA(D), and vehicle(E) twice a day respectively. Visual score, transepidermal water loss(TEWL), water holding capacity(WHC), and erythema index were measured at 30 min, 24hr, 48hr and 72hr after patch removal. Results: 1. After 72hr, the visual scores of B and C were significantly lower than that of A(control) in atopic dermatitis patients, and that of C in normal persons was significantly lower than that of A, D, and E. 2. TEWL values of B and C in both the normal (after 72hr) and atopic dermatitis group (after 48hr and 72hr) were significantly lower than that of A. 3. WHC values of B, C, D in both the normal and atopic dermatitis group were significantly higher than that of A after 48hr and 72hr. 4. After 72hr, erythema indices by Mexameter® of B, C, and D in both the normal and atopic dermatitis group were significantly lower than that of A and values of C were significantly lower than that of E. In the atopic dermatitis group, values of D were also significantly lower than that of E. 5. The mean visual score was significantly correlated with TEWL value and erythema index of Mexameter (r=0.58, r=0.64) and the TEWL value was significantly correlated with erythema index of Mexameter® (r=0.64). Conclusion: These results suggest that topical application of a moisturizing factor might improve the surfactant-induced disruption of permeability barrier with improvement of the water holding capacity of the stratum corneum. Sodium PCA Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid As Moisturizing Agent Abstract: Sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid is the sodium PCA salts of 2 pyrrolidone 5 carboxylate, It is one of the major Natural Moisturing factor (NMF) found in human skin. It is documented that sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (Na- Sodium PCA) is used in hair care & skin care products with great effectivity as it is water extracting skin component. As Na- Sodium PCA is the Natural Moisturizing Agent, it gives suppleness, humectancy & moisturizing property .It is being water soluble,therefore an oil in water (O/W) cream base decided to develop. Three formulae were developed in laboratory incorporating 2.5% & 5% of Na- Sodium PCA &7.5% glycerine. Three cream prepared were further studied for its stability with reference to effect of temp.i.e. at Room Temp.- 24-280c,at oven 500c, & at refrigerator 900c, change in colour, odour, pH, globules size & viscosity.It was further decided to study the performance evaluation. Key Words: Na- Sodium PCA, NMF, Moisturizing Agent. 1. Introduction: By Kligman, “Moisturizer is defined as a topically applied substance or product that overcomes the signs& symptoms of dry skin”. Idson defined as ,”a Moisturizer,a substance that can favourably affect the feeling of dry skin ,by influencing the water content of stratum corneum” 1 . The approach to restoring water to dry skin has taken three different routes. 1.Occulsion 2.Humectancy 3.Restoration of deficient materials which may be combined. The first approach,occlusion consists in reducing the rate of transepidermal water loss through old or damaged skin or in protecting otherwise healthy skin from the effect of a severely drying environment. The second approach to the moisturizing problem is the use of humectants to attract water from the atmosphere, so supplementing the skin’s water content. The third & perhaps the most valuable approach to moisturization of skin is to determine the precise mechanism of the natural moisturization process to assess what has gone wrong with it in the case of dry skin & to replace any materials in which such research has shown damaged skin to be deficient2 . Moisturizer’s often contain lipids & humectants of low molecular weight, humectants such as urea ,glycerine, lactic acid, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (Sodium PCA) and salts are absorb into the stratum cornium and their by attracting water, increase hydration3 1.1 Natural Moisturizing Factor(NMF) “A Group of water soluble hydrophilic substances known as the natural moisturizing factor (NMF)4 . Analysis of water soluble component of stratum cornium have indicated the presence of amino –acid lactic acid ,sugar and pyrolidone carboxylic acid.The latter material is found in relatively large concentration in cornified skin.It has recently been shown that salts of this material are extremely ,hygroscopic, dissolving in their own water of hydrations. At pH of stratum corneum (pH5) pyrolidone carboxylic acid exists almost exclusively in the salt form. There result suggest that this material may represent one of the important natural Moisturizing agent for skin5 . Laden and spitzer proved that significant quantities of Na-2-pyrrolidone -5 carboxylate exist in the stratum.This compound is now commercially available for use in cosmetics6 . 1.2 Composition of NMF Amino acids 40% Sodium PCA(Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid) 12% Lactates 12% Urea 7% NH3,Uric acid, glucosamine, creatinine 1.5% Citrates 0.5% Na 5%, k 4%, Ca 1.5 %, Mg 1.5% , Po4 0.5% 18.5 % Sucrore, Organic acid, Peptides, Other aterials 8.5% 1.3 Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid(Sodium PCA) ;(C5H7N03) Molecular wt 129.11 7 1.4 Sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (NA- Sodium PCA);(C5H6NNa03) Molecular wt 151.1 8 Na- Sodium PCA is one of the major natural moisturizing factors(NME) found in human skin. It is the sodium PCA salts of 2 Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylate(Na- Sodium PCA) is manufactured by dehydration of glutanic acid and forms as odourless solid. Sodium PCA -2 Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylate has been Patented as a humactant at concentration of 2 % or higher. Water absorption ability of Sodium PCA Pyrrolidone Carboxylate9 Compound %Moisture intake(31%RH) %Moisture intake(58%RH) Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid <1 <1 Sodium PCA Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid 20 61 Glycerine 13 35 1.5 Uses of Sodium PCA Pyrrolidone Carboxylate in Cosmetics 10 1) Sodium PCA -2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate is an important humectants component of NMF. 2) It is used in moisturizing dry flacky skin. 3) It demonstrates excellent hygroscopc & humectants effect & these properties have been achieved with a salt form. 4) Skin & hair care products,suncare,make-up,product are among the major application for Na- Sodium PCA. 5) It moisturizes &protects skin from wind,cold. S.Bhise/Int.J.ChemTech Res.2013,5(4) 1450 2. Materials & Methods Three O/W formulation were developed in laboratory incorporating glycerine & sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylic acid(Na- Sodium PCA). 2.1 Formulation Notation A- Base formulation with 7.5% glycerine. B- Formulation with 2.5% Na- Sodium PCA. C- Formulation with 5.0% Na- Sodium PCA. 2.2 Stability study for Finished Product. All the three samples prepared were subjected to accelerated test conditions & were kept at room temp 24-28 0c,in oven at 50 0c & in refrigerator at 5-8 0c. Stability studies were carried out by accelerated stability test for 40 days. 2.3 Performance Evaluation Ten volunteers were persuaded & then selected. Two cream samples were given to each volunteer one is control i.e. sample- A (7.5% glycerine)& other is sample-C(5% Na- Sodium PCA).Cream was applied twice a day on 3 cm.area of forehand.Sample A on right forehand &sample C on left forehand. sked to see & compaire the effect of sample A & C after two hours upto 30 days. 3. Results & Discussion 1) Result of colour change indicate that at room temp.& at 50 0c the degree of colour change was inversely proportional to the concentration of sodium PCA, on refrigeration there was no change in colour Summary The medical and biological literature was reviewed with stress laid on the role of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (Sodium PCA) and its sodium PCA salt (Na Sodium PCA) in skin, its metabolism, its functions. The paper also includes a summary of 8 years of evaluation work carried out in our Laboratory on creams and lotions containing Sodium PCA-Na Sodium PCA which were assessed by biophysical (impedance measurement, alpha relaxation) and clinical methods. It is now definitely demonstrated that Sodium PCA is an hydrating agent and that all the cosmetic preparations containing at least 2% of the Sodium PCA-Na Sodium PCA salt system improve the condition of dry skin at short or long term provided an adequate vehicle is used (e.g. aqueous solutions are ineffective). The mecanism of action is discussed with reference to metabolism and physiological role of Sodium PCA in stratum corneum. Pyroglutamic acid (also known as Sodium PCA, 5-oxoproline, pidolic acid, or pyroglutamate for its basic form) exists as two distinct enantiomers: (2R) or D and (2S) or L. L-form is a metabolite in the glutathione cycle that is converted to glutamate by 5-oxoprolinase. L-Pyroglutamic acid is produced in the skin through the arginine-citrulline-ornitine-glutamic pathway. The free acid is not hygroscopic; however, the sodium PCA salts of this acid are more hygroscopic than glycerine. Therefore, formulation of this acid is suggested as a defense against dehydration, for skin conditions involving desquamation. Hydromol Cream (main component of that is sodium PCA pyrrolidone carboxylate (L form)) is a soft cream which moisturises the skin. Hydromol Cream contains a naturally occurring moisturising agent as well as oils, which prevent moisture loss from the skin. This helps to relieve itch, lubricate and soften the skin. Hydromol Cream is used to treat any condition in which dry skin is a feature such as eczema, ichthyosis (hereditary dry skin) and senile pruritus (itching that may occur in old age). L-Pyroglutamic acid is present in living cells has been reported from archaebacteria to humans, and its occurrence in living cells has been known for over a century. Despite its almost ubiquitous presence, the role of pyroglutamic acid in living cells is poorly understood. Pyroglutamic acid is found as an N-terminal modification in many neuronal peptides and hormones that also include the accumulating peptides in Alzheimer’s disease and familial dementia. The modification is also observed in proteins that include many antibodies, some enzymes and structural proteins. yrrolidone carboxylic acid (Sodium PCA), the primary constituent of the natural moisturizing factor (NMF),1 including its derivatives – such as simple2 and novel3 esters as well as sugar complexes4 – is the subject of great interest and research regarding its capacity to moisturize the stratum corneum via topical application. Creams and lotions containing the sodium PCA salt of Sodium PCA are widely reported to aid in hydrating the skin and ameliorating dry flaky skin conditions.5,6 In addition, the zinc salt of L-pyrrolidone carboxylate is a longtime cosmetic ingredient due to antimicrobial and astringent qualities. This column briefly addresses the role of Sodium PCA in skin health.7 Dry skin In a comprehensive literature review from 1981, Clar and Fourtanier reported conclusive evidence that Sodium PCA acts as a hydrating agent and that all the cosmetic formulations with a minimum of 2% Sodium PCA and Sodium PCA salt that they tested in their own 8-year study enhanced dry skin in short- and long-term conditions given suitable vehicles (no aqueous solutions).6 In a 2014 clinical study of 64 healthy white women with either normal or cosmetic dry skin, Feng et al. noted that tape stripped samples of stratum corneum revealed significantly lower ratios of free amino acids to protein and Sodium PCA to protein. This was associated with decreased hydration levels compared with normal skin. The investigators concluded that lower NMF levels across the depth of the stratum corneum and reduced cohesivity characterize cosmetic dry skin and that these clinical endpoints merit attention in evaluating the usefulness of treatments for dry skin.8 In 2016, Wei et al. reported on their assessment of the barrier function, hydration, and dryness of the lower leg skin of 25 female patients during the winter and then in the subsequent summer. They found that Sodium PCA levels were significantly greater during the summer, as were keratins. Hydration was also higher during the summer, while transepidermal water loss and visual dryness grades were substantially lower.9 Atopic dermatitis A 2014 clinical study by Brandt et al. in patients with skin prone to developing atopic dermatitis (AD) revealed that a body wash composed of the filaggrin metabolites arginine and Sodium PCA was well tolerated and diminished pruritus. Patients reported liking the product and suggested that it improved their quality of life.10 Later that year, Jung et al. characterized the relationship of Sodium PCA levels, and other factors, with the clinical severity of AD. Specifically, in a study of 73 subjects (21 with mild AD, 21 with moderate to severe AD, 13 with X-linked ichthyosis as a negative control for filaggrin gene mutation, and 18 healthy controls), the investigators assessed transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, and skin surface pH. They found that Sodium PCA levels and caspase-14 were lower in inflammatory lesions compared with nonlesional skin in subjects with AD. These levels also were associated with clinical AD severity as measured by eczema area and severity index scores as well as skin barrier function.11 Sodium PCA Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid CAS No.: 28874-51-3 EINECS.: 249-277-1 Moisturizer agent Appearance: Light yellow liquid Sodium PCA Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid, Sodium Pca QUICK LINKS Alkyl Polyglucosides Amino Acid Surfactants Cosmetic Additives Glyphosate surfactant Quick Details CAS No.: 28874-51-3 Other Names: Sodium Pca, Sodium L-pyroglutamate Appearance: Pale yellow lyophilized mass Description Sodium PCA is a kind of natural moisturizing factor. It becomes an important additive ingredient in skin-care and hair-care cosmetics in recent years. The stronger hydrating is power than that of glycerin, sorbitol and propanediol and non-poisonous, non-irritant, and non-allergic. Mainly used in cream cosmetics, solutions, shampoo, etc., but also in place of glycerin for toothpaste, ointment drugs, tobacco, leather, coatings for wetting agents, and chemical fiber dyeing auxiliaries, softeners, antistatic agent, Is also biochemical reagents. Cosmetic insulation agent Sodium PCA Department of natural moisturizing factor is one of the important ingredients, high moisture absorption, and non-toxic, non-stimulating, good stability, is the modern skincare ideal natural make-up health care products, can skin and hair with wetting, Softness, elasticity, and gloss, and antistatic property. Skin whitening agent Sodium PCA is an excellent skin whitening agent, the inhibition of tyrosine oxidase activity can prevent the "melanoid" in the skin deposition so that the skin white. Horny softening agent Sodium PCA can do keratin softening agent, the skin "psoriasis" have a good therapeutic effect. It is mainly used in cream cosmetics, solutions, shampoo, etc., also used in glycerin for toothpaste, ointment drugs, tobacco, leather, paint as wetting agents, and chemical fiber dyeing auxiliaries, softeners, Anti-static agent, is also biochemical reagents. Recommendatory volumes of usage in creams:2%~8% Recommendatory volumes of usage in creams:1%~3% Specification

SYNONYMS Peroxydisulfuric acid, disodium salt; disodium peroxodisulfate; Sodium peroxydisulfate; CAS NO. 7775-27-1

Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) IUPAC Name disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) InChI InChI=1S/2Na.H2O8S2/c;;1-9(2,3)7-8-10(4,5)6/h;;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6)/q2*+1;/p-2 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) InChI Key CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Canonical SMILES [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+] Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Molecular Formula Na2S2O8 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) CAS 7775-27-1 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Deprecated CAS 872981-99-2 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) European Community (EC) Number 231-892-1 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) ICSC Number 1136 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) RTECS Number SE0525000 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) UN Number 1505 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) UNII J49FYF16JE Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID4029698 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Solubility Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 55.6 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Density 1.1 g/cm³ Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Vapor Density 1.1 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Decomposition 180 °C Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Molecular Weight 238.11 g/mol Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 8 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Rotatable Bond Count 1 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Exact Mass 237.882998 g/mol Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Monoisotopic Mass 237.882998 g/mol Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Topological Polar Surface Area 150 Ų Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Heavy Atom Count 12 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Formal Charge 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Complexity 206 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Isotope Atom Count 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 3 Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Industry Uses: Bleaching agents Intermediates Ion exchange agents Oxidizing/reducing agents Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories Plasticizers Plating agents and surface treating agents Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Consumer Uses: Electrical and electronic products Fuels and related products Metal products not covered elsewhere Paints and coatings Personal care products Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere Water treatment products Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) appears as a white crystalline solid. Very irritating to skin and eyes. May be toxic by skin absorption. Used as a bleaching agent.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) appears as a white crystalline solid. Very irritating to skin and eyes. May be toxic by skin absorption. Used as a bleaching agent.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2S2O8. It is the sodium salt of peroxydisulfuric acid, H2S2O8, an oxidizing agent. It is a white solid that dissolves in water. It is almost non-hygroscopic and has good shelf-life.The standard redox potential of Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) into hydrogen sulfate is 2.1 V, which is higher than that of hydrogen peroxide (1.8 V) but lower than ozone (2.2 V).[4] The sulfate radical formed in situ has a standard electrode potential of 2.7 V.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is a specialized oxidizing agent in chemistry, classically in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland–Sims oxidation reactions. It is also used in radical reactions; for example in a synthesis of diapocynin from apocynin where iron(II) sulfate is the radical initiator.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is a moderately water and acid soluble Sodium source for uses compatible with sulfates.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is generally immediately available in most volumes. Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is mostly used as a bleaching agent and detergent component. Other uses include battery depolarizers, in the manufacture of dyestuffs, and in emulsion polymerization.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is a strongly oxidizing chemical used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent. Persulfate oxidation mechanisms are effective in degrading many volatile oxidizing chemicals (VOCs) including chlorinated ethenes (CEs), BTEXs and trichloroethanes. The compound is used as a promoter for polymerization reactions. Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) has also been used as a chemical oxidant to treat laboratory slurry reactors for the accumulation of surfactants.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is an inorganic chemical compound which appears as a white solid salt.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is the most used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and printed circuit boards.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) , also known as sodium peroxydisulfate is a white crystal or crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless. Formula is Na2S2O8, relative molecular mass is 238.13. Gradual decomposition at room temperature, heating or rapidly decompose in ethanol, decomposition to release oxygen and produce sodium pyrosulfate. Moisture and platinum black, silver, lead, iron, copper, magnesium, nickel, manganese and other metal ions or their alloys can promote the decomposition, it decomposes rapidly and emit hydrogen peroxide at high temperature (about 200 ℃). It is soluble in water (70.4 when 20 ℃).Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) has strong oxidizing. There is a strong irritation to the skin, prolonged contacting with the skin can cause allergies, should pay attention to it when operation. Rat oral LD50 is 895mg/kg. It should be Sealed storage. heat the ammonium persulfate and sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution to remove carbon dioxide and ammonia to obtain Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) in the Laboratory.With strong oxidizing, Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) can be used as an g agent, which can oxidize Cr3 +, Mn2 + and so on to the corresponding compound of high oxidation state, when there is the presence of Ag +, which can promote the oxidation reaction. Due to its oxidizing properties, it can be used as a bleaching agent, metal surface treatment agent, chemical reagents, pharmaceutical raw materials, accelerator and initiator of battery and emulsion polymerization.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is used as a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component. It is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals. It is a source of free radicals, making it useful as an initiator for e.g. emulsion polymerization reactions and for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives. Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is also used as a soil conditioner and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is a strong oxidizer and a severe irritant of skin, eyes, and respiratory system. It is almost non-hygroscopic and has particularly good ability to be stored for long time. It is easy and safe to handle. It is not combustible, but releases oxygen easily and assists combustion of other materials.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is a strong oxidizing agent. Reacts with many combustible materials and reducing agents, often vigorously enough to start fires or cause explosions. Decomposes gradually under ordinary conditions decomposition is promoted by moisture and heat. Decomposed by alcohol and silver ions.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is an oxidizing persulfate salt that is used as a detergent component, as an etchant in printed circuit boards, and as a radical initiator in polymerization reactions of styrene based monomers. Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) also has some application as a standalone bleach in cosmetics, particularly for hair.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is incompatible with acids, alkalis, halides, combustible materials, most metals and heavy metals, oxidizable materials, other oxidizers, reducing agents, cleaners, and organic or carbon containing compounds. Please see SDS for full safety and compatibility information.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is available in 55 pound bags. Contact us or ask your representative for further information.This is done by studying furfural’s interactions with Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) , which is added to hydraulic fracturing fluids as an oxidizing breaking agent. Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is also used as a powerful disinfectant for the treatment of groundwater contamination.Once activated, Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) reacts to form sulfate radicals.The goal of this research is to determine the efficiency and optimal conditions necessary for employing Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) as a treatment option for furfural contamination and the identification of reaction byproducts.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2S2O8.Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Market Segmentation by Types:Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Powder,Sodium Persulfate (Sodyum Persülfat) Particles.Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim calm and warm.Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control. LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Following product recovery, flush area with water.Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma. May cause a general allergic reaction, such as urticaria or shock.Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.SODIUM PERSULFATE is a strong oxidizing agent. Reacts with many combustible materials and reducing agents, often vigorously enough to start fires or cause explosions [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 855]. Decomposes gradually under ordinary conditions decomposition is promoted by moisture and heat [Merck]. Decomposed by alcohol and silver ions . Sodium persulfate has strong oxidizing. There is a strong irritation to the skin, prolonged contacting with the skin can cause allergies, should pay attention to it when operation. Rat oral LD50 is 895mg/kg. It should be Sealed storage. heat the ammonium persulfate and sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution to remove carbon dioxide and ammonia to obtain sodium persulfate in the Laboratory. Strong oxidants With strong oxidizing, Sodium persulfate can be used as an g agent, which can oxidize Cr3 +, Mn2 + and so on to the corresponding compound of high oxidation state, when there is the presence of Ag +, which can promote the oxidation reaction. Due to its oxidizing properties, it can be used as a bleaching agent, metal surface treatment agent, chemical reagents, pharmaceutical raw materials, accelerator and initiator of battery and emulsion polymerization. Uses Sodium persulfate is used as a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component. It is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals. It is a source of free radicals, making it useful as an initiator for e.g. emulsion polymerization reactions and for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives. Sodium persulfate is also used as a soil conditioner and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc. For waste processing in the photographic industry, used as a soft metal surface corrosion agents of the printed circuit board and textile desizing agents, sulfur dyes colorformer. Preparation method 1. The electrolytic oxidation of the aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate is to obtain ammonium persulfate, and then metathesis reaction with sodium hydroxide, after the expulsion of the ammonia by-product, and then concentrated under reduced pressure, crystallization, drying, to obtain sodium sulfate. (NH4) 2S2O8 + 2NaOH → Na2S2O8 + 2NH3 + 2H2O. 2. Dithionic acid can be prepared by electrolysis of cold sulfuric acid won, which reacts with alkali and then obtain sodium sulfate. 2HSO4--2e → H2S2O8 H2S2O8 + 2NaOH → Na2S2O8 + 2H2O. storage Sodium persulfate is a strong oxidizer and a severe irritant of skin, eyes, and respiratory system. It is almost non-hygroscopic and has particularly good ability to be stored for long time. It is easy and safe to handle. It is not combustible, but releases oxygen easily and assists combustion of other materials. Conditions/ substances to avoid mixing persulfates with are: moisture, heat, flame, ignition sources, shock, friction, reducing agents, organic material, sodium peroxide, aluminum and powdered metals. Chemical Properties White, crystalline powder. Soluble in water; decomposed by alcohol; decomposes in moist air. Uses Bleaching and oxidizing agent; promoter for emulsion polymerization reactions. General Description A white crystalline solid. Very irritating to skin and eyes. May be toxic by skin absorption. Used as a bleaching agent. Air & Water Reactions Water soluble. Decomposes slowly in moist air. Reactivity Profile Sodium persulfate is a strong oxidizing agent. Reacts with many combustible materials and reducing agents, often vigorously enough to start fires or cause explosions [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 855]. Decomposes gradually under ordinary conditions decomposition is promoted by moisture and heat [Merck]. Decomposed by alcohol and silver ions [Merck]. Hazard By ingestion, strong irritant to tissue. Health Hazard Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. Fire Hazard These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Safety Profile Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. A powerful oxidizer; can cause fires. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx and Na2O. See also SULFATES. Sodium persulfate Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Ammonium persulfate Sodium hydroxide Preparation Products 2-(Bromomethyl)benzoic acid Maleic acid-allyl alcohol copolymer Physical and Chemical Properties Sodium persulfate, also known as sodium peroxydisulfate is a white crystal or crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless. Formula is Na2S2O8, relative molecular mass is 238.13. Gradual decomposition at room temperature, heating or rapidly decompose in ethanol, decomposition to release oxygen and produce sodium pyrosulfate. Moisture and platinum black, silver, lead, iron, copper, magnesium, nickel, manganese and other metal ions or their alloys can promote the decomposition, it decomposes rapidly and emit hydrogen peroxide at high temperature (about 200 ℃). It is soluble in water (70.4 when 20 ℃). Sodium Persulfate is a moderately water and acid soluble Sodium source for uses compatible with sulfates. Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar cells and fuel cells. Sodium Persulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. We also produce Sodium Sulfate Solution. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Sodium Persulfate is a moderately water and acid soluble Sodium source for uses compatible with sulfates.Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles (See also application discussion at Nanotechnology Information and at Quantum Dots) and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar energy materials and fuel cells. Sodium Persulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. We also produce Sodium Sulfate Solution. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.Sodium Persulfate is a good replacement for Ammonium Persulfate for its compatibility with etch resist pens. Sodium Persulfate will not remove etch resist ink and like Ammonium Persulfate crystals, are used as an alternative to the traditional ferric chloride to produce a cleaner copper etchant solution. Mixed product must be stored in a vertical container.Stored liquid dairy manure is a hotspot for methane (CH4) emission, thus effective mitigation strategies are required. We assessed sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for impacts on the abundance of microbial communities and CH4 production in liquid dairy manure. Liquid dairy manure treated with different rates (1, 3, 6, and 9 g or mL L−1 slurry) of these chemicals or their combinations were incubated under anoxic conditions at 22.5 ± 1.3°C for 120 d. Untreated and sodium 2‐bromoethanesulfonate (BES)‐treated manures were included as negative and positive controls, respectively, whereas sulfuric acid (H2SO4)‐treated manure was used as a reference. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the abundances of bacteria and methanogens on Days 0, 60, and 120. Headspace CH4/CO2 ratios were used as a proxy to determine CH4 production. Unlike bacterial abundance, methanogen abundance and CH4/CO2 ratios varied with treatments. Addition of 1 to 9 g L−1 slurry of Na2S2O8 and KMnO4 reduced methanogen abundance (up to ∼28%) and peak CH4/CO2 ratios (up to 92‐fold). Except at the lowest rate, chemical combinations also reduced the abundance of methanogens (up to ∼17%) and CH4/CO2 ratios (up to ninefold), although no impacts were observed when 3% NaOCl was used alone. With slurry acidification, the ratios reduced up to twofold, whereas methanogen abundance was unaffected. Results suggest that Na2S2O8 and KMnO4 may offer alternative options to reduce CH4 emission from stored liquid dairy manure, but this warrants further assessment at larger scales for environmental impacts and characteristics of the treated manure.Sodium persulfate is an inorganic chemical compound which appears as a white solid salt. This oxidizing agent dissolves easily in water and is preserves well over time. UBA supplies many chemicals including sodium persulfate to various eastern Canadian and American companies. Their safe chemical distribution methods ensure prompt and secure delivery methods from their facilities to yours.Sodium persulfate supplied by UBA is available in 25kg bags. Automotive, specialty chemical manufacturers and the circuit board and electronics industries use this chemical in their manufacture or maintenance processes.To be more specific, sodium persulfate is the most used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and printed circuit boards. As for the oxidizing properties of this chemical, it can be used in industrial processes or for dyes in the textile industry. Do not hesitate to contact UBA for your sodium persulfate wholesale requirements, even if your industry or application is not enlisted above.Sodium persulfate is a non-flammable, but it can release oxygen and play a role of combustion promoter. During storage, it must be stored in a dry, airtight container to avoid direct sunlight and near heat source. Do not contact with reduced substances such as organic matter and rust, a small amount of metal, in order to cause Sodium persulfate decomposition, explosion. Because damp Sodium persulfate and its aqueous solution have bleached and slightly corrosive effects, avoid direct contact with eyes, skin, and clothing during use.Environmental remediation agents: contaminated soil remediation, water treatment (wastewater purification); Waste gas treatment, oxidative degradation of harmful substances (e.g. mercury).Polymerization: the initiator of latex or acrylic monomer polymerization solution, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and other products, but also styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene and other colloidal copolymerization initiator.Metal treatment: cleaning and pickling of metal surfaces (e.g., in semiconductor manufacturing: cleaning and etching of printed circuits). Activation of copper and aluminum surfaces.Used to speed up the processing of low concentration formalin adhesive.A modifier used in the production of starch and used as a desorption agent in the production of adhesives and coatings.Cosmetics: essential ingredient in bleaching formulations.Textiles: Depulsing agents and bleaches - especially for low temperature bleaching.Hair dye: It is one of the basic components of hair dye and plays a decolorizing role.Others: chemical synthesis; Disinfectant; Water treatment, purification and disinfection; Waste gas treatment; Oxidative degradation of hazardous substances (e.g. mercury); Paper (low temperature bleaching especially in pulping); Water-reducing agent for mixing suspected soil; In petroleum exploitation, used for fracturing fluid of oil well broken glue agent.Danger of sensitization of airways and skin; [MAK] Frequent skin rashes are reported in workers exposed to persulfates (S2O8). Rats inhaling 4-20 mg/m3 of ammonium persulfate 23.5 hours/day for 7 days show signs of lung inflammation and loss of body weight. The TLV is proposed to reduce irritation of skin, throat, and respiratory tract. [ACGIH] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; May cause skin sensitization, dermatitis, and asthma after prolonged contact; [ICSC] An irritant; May cause skin and respiratory sensitization after prolonged contact; [MSDSonline] See "Ammonium persulfate" and "Potassium persulfate."Application: Sodium persulfate is an oxidizing persulfate salt that is used as a detergent component, as an etchant in printed circuit boards, and as a radical initiator in polymerization reactions of styrene based monomers. Sodium persulfate also has some application as a standalone bleach in cosmetics, particularly for hair.Compatibility: Sodium persulfate is incompatible with acids, alkalis, halides, combustible materials, most metals and heavy metals, oxidizable materials, other oxidizers, reducing agents, cleaners, and organic or carbon containing compounds. Please see SDS for full safety and compatibility information.Packaging Options: Sodium persulfate is available in 55 pound bags. Contact us or ask your representative for further information.

SODIUM POLYACRYLATE N° CAS : 9003-04-7 / 25549-84-2 Nom INCI : SODIUM POLYACRYLATE Nom chimique : 2-Propenoic acid, homopolymer, sodium salt Classification : Polymère de synthèse Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent Absorbant : Absorbe l'eau (ou l'huile) sous forme dissoute ou en fines particules Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Agent de fixation capillaire : Permet de contrôler le style du cheveu Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

SODIUM ACRYLATE; 7446-81-3; 2-Propenoic acid, sodium salt; sodium prop-2-enoate; Sodium polyacrylate cas no: 7446-81-3

SYNONYMS Rochelle salt; Seignette salt tetrahydrate; DL-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, monopotassium monosodium salt, tetrahydrate; (R*,R*)-(+-)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, monopotassium monosodium salt, tetrahydrate; DL-Dihydroxysuccinic Acid, monopotassium monosodium salt, tetrahydrate; CAS NO. 304-59-6 (Anhydrous)6381-59-5 (Tetrahydrate)

SYNONYMS Propanoic acid, sodium salt; Sodium dipropionate; CAS NO. 137-40-6

SYNONYMS Paradept; Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium 4-Propoxycarbonylphenoxide; Natrium-4-propoxycarbonylphenoxid; 4-Propoxicarbonilfenoxido de sodio; 4-Propoxycarbonylphénolate de sodium; Solbrol P, Natriumsalz CAS NO. 35285-69-9

SODIUM PROPYLPARABEN N° CAS : 35285-69-9 Origine(s) : Synthétique Nom INCI : SODIUM PROPYLPARABEN Nom chimique : Sodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide N° EINECS/ELINCS : 252-488-1 Classification : Paraben, Perturbateur endocrinien suspecté, Règlementé, Conservateur Restriction en Europe : V/12 La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de : - 0,14 % (en acide) pour la somme des concentrations individuelles - 0,8 % (en acide) pour les mélanges de substances mentionnés aux numéros d'ordre 12 et 12 bis, la somme des concentrations individuelles en butylparabène et en propylparabène et leurs sels ne dépassant pas 0,14 % Ne pas utiliser dans les produits sans rinçage destinés à être appliqués sur la zone du siège des enfants de moins de trois ans. Libellé des conditions d'emploi et des avertissements : Pour les produits sans rinçage conçus pour les enfants de moins de trois ans: «Ne pas utiliser sur la zone du siège.» Ses fonctions (INCI) Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.

Sodium Propylparaben is a single long-chain paraben preservative for personal care products. Benefits Water soluble Sodium Propylparaben sodium propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate CAS: 35285-69-9 EC: 252-488-1 EC / List no.: 252-488-1 CAS no.: 35285-69-9 35285-69-9 Name: Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate CAS: 35285-69-9 Molecular Formula: C10H11NaO3 Molecular Weight: 202.182 CAS 35285-69-9 35285-69-9 - Names and Identifiers Name: Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Synonyms Paradept Sodium propyl paraben Solbrol P, Natriumsalz 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester sodium salt sodium 4-(propoxycarbonyl)phenolate Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sodium Propyl Paraben Sodium Chemical name: Sodium Propyl p-Hydroxybenzoate. INCI designation Sodium Propylparaben. Appearance: White powder Chemical and physical data pH: 9.5- 10.5 Water content: max. 5.0 % Assay by non aqueous titration: 99 - 104 % 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester, sodium salt Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester, sodium salt Benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, propyl ester, sodium deriv. E217 Natrium propyl 4-hydroxybenzoat Parasept Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sodium salt Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoat natriumsalz Propylparaben sodium Propylparaben, sodium salt Sodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide EC Inventory Sodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide sodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide Sodium propyl hydroxybenzoate Sodium propylparaben Cosmetic Products Regulation, Annex V - Allowed Preservatives, Other CAS names Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester, sodium salt (1:1) IUPAC names Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester, sodium salt p-Hydroxybenzoesäure-n-propylester Natriumsalz propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoat natrium sodium 4-(propoxycarbonyl)benzen-1-olate sodium 4-(propoxycarbonyl)phenolate Sodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide sodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide Sodium Propyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate Sodium propylparaben Sodium propylparabenSodium 4-propoxycarbonylphenoxide sodium;4-propoxycarbonylphenolate Uses Sodium Propylparaben is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics, toiletries pharmaceuticals. Sodium Propylparaben is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave-on formulations. Sodium Propylparaben is effective against bacteria, molds and yeast. The recommended use level of Sodium Propylparaben to preserve most product types is normally in the range of 0.1- 0.3 % based on the total weight of the finished product. The Paraben esters have many advantages as preservatives,like broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, effective at low use concentrations, compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, colourless, odourless, well documented toxicological and dermatological acceptability based on human experience (used in cosmetics, food and pharmaceuticals since 1930ies),p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid and a number of its estersoccur naturally in a variety of plants and animals, stable and effective over a wide pH- range, etc. The Sodium Parabens, like Sodium Propylparaben have several additional advantages: Sodium Propylparaben is highly soluble in cold water for ease of addition. No heating stage required for incorporation, thus saving energy and plant occupancy. Increased antimicrobial activity at alkaline pH. Applications Sodium Propyl paraben is designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics and toiletries. Sodium Propyl paraben is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics, toiletries pharmaceuticals. Sodium Propyl paraben is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave- on formulations. Formulations which are prone to bacteria contamination an additional antibacterial preservative, like DMDMH might be necessary to add as Sodium Propyl paraben provides a higher efficacy against fungi than against bacteria. Solubility: Water max. 50 % Incorporation Sodium Propylparaben is highly soluble in water and so easily incorporated into cosmetic formulations. It is important to note that, whilst the aqueous solubility in alkaline solution is high, if the pH of the formulated product is acidic the sodium salt reverts to the ester and the low solubility is regained. pH stability Sodium Propylparaben remains fully stable over a wide pH range from 3.0- 11.0. Aqueous solutions of Sodium Propylparaben are not longterm table at alkaline pH. Temperature stability The recommended maximum handling temperature is 80°C. Microbial activity Sodium Propylparaben has a broad spectrum of activity which includes the following common spoilage organisms. Microorganisms MIC level (%) Bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.019 Staphylococcus aureus 0.045 Microorganisms MIC level (%) Yeasts Candida albicans 0.015 Molds Aspergillus niger 0.022 Storage instructions Sodium Propylparaben is stable in sealed original containers. Further information on handling, storage and dispatch is given in the EC safety data sheet. Technical Data Appearance: Powder Active substance (ca.): 100% INCI-Name: Sodium Propylparaben Applications :Sodium Propylparaben is a long chain paraben preservative for personal care products. It is suitable for the following products: Antiperspirants & Deodorants Wet Wipes Decorative Cosmetics Creams, Lotions Shampoos, Shower Gels, Liquid Soap Hair Conditioner Hair Styling Syndet, Bar Soap Sodium Propylparaben: Sodium Propylparaben by Clariant is used in shampoos, shower products, liquid soap, decorative cosmetics, syndet, bar soaps, wet wipes, hair conditioners, hair styling products, creams, lotions, antiperspirants and deodorants. Sodium Propylparaben acts as a preservative. Chemical Name: Sodium Propylparaben Synonyms: Sodium Propylparaben; Propyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate Sodium Salt; Propyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Sodium Salt; Propylparaben Sodium; Sodium 4-Propoxycarbonylphenoxide; Sodium Propyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate; Sodium Propyl p-Hydroxybenzoate; Sodium Propyl Paraben; Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester, sodium salt CAS Number: 35285-69-9 Alternate CAS #94-13-3 Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₁NaO₃ Appearance: White to Off-White Solid Melting Point: >170°C (dec.) Molecular Weight: 202.18 Storage: Hygroscopic, Refrigerator, under inert atmosphere Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly) Stability: Hygroscopic Category Standards; Pharmaceutical/API Drug Impurities/Metabolites; Applications: Sodium Propylparaben is a preservative. Sodium Propylparaben is also an excipient used in various pharmaceutical formulations.

SODIUM RAPESEEDATE N° CAS : 68440-17-5 - Huile de colza saponifiée Origine(s) : Végétale Nom INCI : SODIUM RAPESEEDATE N° EINECS/ELINCS : 270-440-8 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

Synonymssodiumtinoxide;tinsodiumoxide;SODIUM STANNATE;Natrium stannat;disodiumstannate;SODIUM M-STANNATE;Stannate disodium;sodiumstannate(iv);Sodiumstannate3H2O;SODIUM TIN(IV) OXIDE CAS No.12058-66-1

cas no 12058-66-1 (Anhydrous) - 12209-98-2 (Trihydrate) - 12027-70-2 (Hexahydroxide) Disodium Tin Trioxide; Disodium tin hexahydroxide; Dinatriumzinntrioxid; Dinatriumzinnhexahydroxid (Greman); Trióxido de estano y disodio; Hexahidróxido de estaño y disodio (Spanish); Trioxyde d'etain et de disodium; Hexahydroxyde d'étain et de disodium (French);

L-Glutamic acid,N-(1-oxooctadecyl)-, sodium salt (1:?); Sodium 1-[(5-oxidanidyl-5-oxidanylidene-L-norvalyl)oxy]-1-oxooctadecane; Sodium stearoyl glutamate cas no: 79811-24-8

SODIUM STEARYL SULFATE N° CAS : 1120-04-3 Nom INCI : SODIUM STEARYL SULFATE Nom chimique : Sodium octadecyl sulphate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 214-295-0 Classification : Sulfate Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

SODIUM SULFATE Sodium sulfate Jump to navigationJump to search Sodium sulfate Sodium sulfate.svg Sodium sulfate.jpg Names Other names Sodium sulphate Sulfate of sodium Thenardite (mineral) Glauber's salt (decahydrate) Sal mirabilis (decahydrate) Mirabilite (decahydrate mineral) Disodium sulfate Identifiers CAS Number 7757-82-6 check 7727-73-3 (decahydrate) ☒ 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:32149 check ChEMBL ChEMBL233406 check ChemSpider 22844 check ECHA InfoCard 100.028.928 Edit this at Wikidata E number E514(i) (acidity regulators, ...) PubChem CID 24436 RTECS number WE1650000 UNII 36KCS0R750 check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID1021291 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula Na2SO4 Molar mass 142.04 g/mol (anhydrous) 322.20 g/mol (decahydrate) Appearance white crystalline solid hygroscopic Odor odorless Density 2.664 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 1.464 g/cm3 (decahydrate) Melting point 884 °C (1,623 °F; 1,157 K) (anhydrous) 32.38 °C (decahydrate) Boiling point 1,429 °C (2,604 °F; 1,702 K) (anhydrous) Solubility in water anhydrous: 4.76 g/100 mL (0 °C) 28.1 g/100 mL (25 °C)[1] 42.7 g/100 mL (100 °C) heptahydrate: 19.5 g/100 mL (0 °C) 44 g/100 mL (20 °C) Solubility insoluble in ethanol soluble in glycerol, water and hydrogen iodide Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −52.0·10−6 cm3/mol Refractive index (nD) 1.468 (anhydrous) 1.394 (decahydrate) Structure Crystal structure orthorhombic (anhydrous)[2] monoclinic (decahydrate) Pharmacology ATC code A06AD13 (WHO) A12CA02 (WHO) Hazards Main hazards Irritant Safety data sheet See: data page ICSC 0952 NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 010 Flash point Non-flammable Related compounds Other anions Sodium selenate Sodium tellurate Other cations Lithium sulfate Potassium sulfate Rubidium sulfate Caesium sulfate Related compounds Sodium bisulfate Sodium sulfite Sodium persulfate Supplementary data page Structure and properties Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc. Thermodynamic data Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). check verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Sodium sulfate (also known as sodium sulphate or sulfate of soda) is the inorganic compound with formula Na2SO4 as well as several related hydrates. All forms are white solids that are highly soluble in water. With an annual production of 6 million tonnes, the decahydrate is a major commodity chemical product. It is mainly used for the manufacture of detergents and in the kraft process of paper pulping.[3] Contents 1 Forms 2 History 3 Chemical properties 4 Physical properties 5 Structure 6 Production 6.1 Natural sources 6.2 Chemical industry 7 Applications 7.1 Commodity industries 7.2 Food industry 7.3 Thermal storage 7.4 Small-scale applications 8 Safety 9 References 10 External links Forms Anhydrous sodium sulfate, known as the rare mineral thenardite, used as a drying agent in organic synthesis. Heptahydrate sodium sulfate, a very rare form. Decahydrate sodium sulfate, known as the mineral mirabilite, widely used by chemical industry. It is also known as Glauber's salt. History The decahydrate of sodium sulfate is known as Glauber's salt after the Dutch/German chemist and apothecary Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604–1670), who discovered it in 1625 in Austrian spring water. He named it sal mirabilis (miraculous salt), because of its medicinal properties: the crystals were used as a general purpose laxative, until more sophisticated alternatives came about in the 1900s.[4][5] In the 18th century, Glauber's salt began to be used as a raw material for the industrial production of soda ash (sodium carbonate), by reaction with potash (potassium carbonate). Demand for soda ash increased and the supply of sodium sulfate had to increase in line. Therefore, in the nineteenth century, the large scale Leblanc process, producing synthetic sodium sulfate as a key intermediate, became the principal method of soda ash production.[6] Chemical properties Sodium sulfate is a typical electrostatically bonded ionic sulfate. The existence of free sulfate ions in solution is indicated by the easy formation of insoluble sulfates when these solutions are treated with Ba2+ or Pb2+ salts: Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → 2 NaCl + BaSO4 Sodium sulfate is unreactive toward most oxidizing or reducing agents. At high temperatures, it can be converted to sodium sulfide by carbothermal reduction (high temperature heating with charcoal, etc.):[7] Na2SO4 + 2 C → Na2S + 2 CO2 This reaction was employed in the Leblanc process, a defunct industrial route to sodium carbonate. Sodium sulfate reacts with sulfuric acid to give the acid salt sodium bisulfate:[8][9] Na2SO4 + H2SO4 ⇌ 2 NaHSO4 Sodium sulfate displays a moderate tendency to form double salts. The only alums formed with common trivalent metals are NaAl(SO4)2 (unstable above 39 °C) and NaCr(SO4)2, in contrast to potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate which form many stable alums.[10] Double salts with some other alkali metal sulfates are known, including Na2SO4·3K2SO4 which occurs naturally as the mineral aphthitalite. Formation of glaserite by reaction of sodium sulfate with potassium chloride has been used as the basis of a method for producing potassium sulfate, a fertiliser.[11] Other double salts include 3Na2SO4·CaSO4, 3Na2SO4·MgSO4 (vanthoffite) and NaF·Na2SO4.[12] Physical properties Sodium sulfate has unusual solubility characteristics in water.[13] Its solubility in water rises more than tenfold between 0 °C to 32.384 °C, where it reaches a maximum of 49.7 g/100 mL. At this point the solubility curve changes slope, and the solubility becomes almost independent of temperature. This temperature of 32.384 °C, corresponding to the release of crystal water and melting of the hydrated salt, serves as an accurate temperature reference for thermometer calibration. Graph showing solubility of Na2SO4 vs. temperature. Structure Crystals of the decahydrate consist of [Na(OH2)6]+ ions with octahedral molecular geometry. These octahedra share edges such that eight of the 10 water molecules are bound to sodium and two others are interstitial, being hydrogen bonded to sulfate. These cations are linked to the sulfate anions via hydrogen bonds. The Na-O distances are about 240 pm.[14] Crystalline sodium sulfate decahydrate is also unusual among hydrated salts in having a measurable residual entropy (entropy at absolute zero) of 6.32 J·K−1·mol−1. This is ascribed to its ability to distribute water much more rapidly compared to most hydrates.[15] Production The world production of sodium sulfate, almost exclusively in the form of the decahydrate amounts to approximately 5.5 to 6 million tonnes annually (Mt/a). In 1985, production was 4.5 Mt/a, half from natural sources, and half from chemical production. After 2000, at a stable level until 2006, natural production had increased to 4 Mt/a, and chemical production decreased to 1.5 to 2 Mt/a, with a total of 5.5 to 6 Mt/a.[16][17][18][19] For all applications, naturally produced and chemically produced sodium sulfate are practically interchangeable. Natural sources Two thirds of the world's production of the decahydrate (Glauber's salt) is from the natural mineral form mirabilite, for example as found in lake beds in southern Saskatchewan. In 1990, Mexico and Spain were the world's main producers of natural sodium sulfate (each around 500,000 tonnes), with Russia, United States and Canada around 350,000 tonnes each.[17] Natural resources are estimated at over 1 billion tonnes.[16][17] Major producers of 200,000 to 1,500,000 tonnes/year in 2006 included Searles Valley Minerals (California, US), Airborne Industrial Minerals (Saskatchewan, Canada), Química del Rey (Coahuila, Mexico), Minera de Santa Marta and Criaderos Minerales Y Derivados, also known as Grupo Crimidesa (Burgos, Spain), Minera de Santa Marta (Toledo, Spain), Sulquisa (Madrid, Spain), Chengdu Sanlian Tianquan Chemical (Tianquan County, Sichuan, China), Hongze Yinzhu Chemical Group (Hongze District, Jiangsu, China), Nafine Chemical Industry Group [zh] (Shanxi, China), Sichuan Province Chuanmei Mirabilite (万胜镇 [zh], Dongpo District, Meishan, Sichuan, China), and Kuchuksulphat JSC (Altai Krai, Siberia, Russia).[16][18] Anhydrous sodium sulfate occurs in arid environments as the mineral thenardite. It slowly turns to mirabilite in damp air. Sodium sulfate is also found as glauberite, a calcium sodium sulfate mineral. Both minerals are less common than mirabilite.[citation needed] Chemical industry About one third of the world's sodium sulfate is produced as by-product of other processes in chemical industry. Most of this production is chemically inherent to the primary process, and only marginally economical. By effort of the industry, therefore, sodium sulfate production as by-product is declining. The most important chemical sodium sulfate production is during hydrochloric acid production, either from sodium chloride (salt) and sulfuric acid, in the Mannheim process, or from sulfur dioxide in the Hargreaves process.[20] The resulting sodium sulfate from these processes is known as salt cake. Mannheim: 2 NaCl + H2SO4 → 2 HCl + Na2SO4 Hargreaves: 4 NaCl + 2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 HCl + 2 Na2SO4 The second major production of sodium sulfate are the processes where surplus sodium hydroxide is neutralised by sulfuric acid, as applied on a large scale in the production of rayon. This method is also a regularly applied and convenient laboratory preparation. 2 NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2 H2O(l) ΔH = -112.5 kJ (highly exothermic) In the laboratory it can also be synthesized from the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate. 2NaHCO3 + MgSO4 → Na2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 + 2CO2 However, as commercial sources are readily available, laboratory synthesis is not practised often. Formerly, sodium sulfate was also a by-product of the manufacture of sodium dichromate, where sulfuric acid is added to sodium chromate solution forming sodium dichromate, or subsequently chromic acid. Alternatively, sodium sulfate is or was formed in the production of lithium carbonate, chelating agents, resorcinol, ascorbic acid, silica pigments, nitric acid, and phenol.[16] Bulk sodium sulfate is usually purified via the decahydrate form, since the anhydrous form tends to attract iron compounds and organic compounds. The anhydrous form is easily produced from the hydrated form by gentle warming. Major sodium sulfate by-product producers of 50–80 Mt/a in 2006 include Elementis Chromium (chromium industry, Castle Hayne, NC, US), Lenzing AG (200 Mt/a, rayon industry, Lenzing, Austria), Addiseo (formerly Rhodia, methionine industry, Les Roches-Roussillon, France), Elementis (chromium industry, Stockton-on-Tees, UK), Shikoku Chemicals (Tokushima, Japan) and Visko-R (rayon industry, Russia).[16] Applications File:Sulfate clump.ogv Sodium sulfate used to dry an organic liquid. Here clumps form, indicating the presence of water in the organic liquid. File:Sulfate noclump.ogv By further application of sodium sulfate the liquid may be brought to dryness, indicated here by the absence of clumping. Commodity industries With US pricing at $30 per tonne in 1970, up to $90 per tonne for salt cake quality, and $130 for better grades, sodium sulphate is a very cheap material. The largest use is as filler in powdered home laundry detergents, consuming approx. 50% of world production. This use is waning as domestic consumers are increasingly switching to compact or liquid detergents that do not include sodium sulfate.[16] Another formerly major use for sodium sulfate, notably in the US and Canada, is in the Kraft process for the manufacture of wood pulp. Organics present in the "black liquor" from this process are burnt to produce heat, needed to drive the reduction of sodium sulfate to sodium sulfide. However, due to advances in the thermal efficiency of the Kraft recovery process in the early 1960s, more efficient sulfur recovery was achieved and the need for sodium sulfate makeup was drastically reduced[21] . Hence, the use of sodium sulfate in the US and Canadian pulp industry declined from 1,400,000 tonnes per year in 1970 to only approx. 150,000 tonnes in 2006.[16] The glass industry provides another significant application for sodium sulfate, as second largest application in Europe. Sodium sulfate is used as a fining agent, to help remove small air bubbles from molten glass. It fluxes the glass, and prevents scum formation of the glass melt during refining. The glass industry in Europe has been consuming from 1970 to 2006 a stable 110,000 tonnes annually.[16] Sodium sulfate is important in the manufacture of textiles, particularly in Japan, where it is the largest application. Sodium sulfate helps in "levelling", reducing negative charges on fibres so that dyes can penetrate evenly. Unlike the alternative sodium chloride, it does not corrode the stainless steel vessels used in dyeing. This application in Japan and US consumed in 2006 approximately 100,000 tonnes.[16] Food industry Sodium sulfate is used as a diluent for food colours.[22] It is known as E number additive E514. Thermal storage The high heat storage capacity in the phase change from solid to liquid, and the advantageous phase change temperature of 32 °C (90 °F) makes this material especially appropriate for storing low grade solar heat for later release in space heating applications. In some applications the material is incorporated into thermal tiles that are placed in an attic space while in other applications the salt is incorporated into cells surrounded by solar–heated water. The phase change allows a substantial reduction in the mass of the material required for effective heat storage (the heat of fusion of sodium sulfate decahydrate is 82 kJ/mol or 252 kJ/kg[23]), with the further advantage of a consistency of temperature as long as sufficient material in the appropriate phase is available. For cooling applications, a mixture with common sodium chloride salt (NaCl) lowers the melting point to 18 °C (64 °F). The heat of fusion of NaCl·Na2SO4·10H2O, is actually increased slightly to 286 kJ/kg.[24] Small-scale applications In the laboratory, anhydrous sodium sulfate is widely used as an inert drying agent, for removing traces of water from organic solutions.[25] It is more efficient, but slower-acting, than the similar agent magnesium sulfate. It is only effective below about 30 °C, but it can be used with a variety of materials since it is chemically fairly inert. Sodium sulfate is added to the solution until the crystals no longer clump together; the two video clips (see above) demonstrate how the crystals clump when still wet, but some crystals flow freely once a sample is dry. Glauber's salt, the decahydrate, is used as a laxative. It is effective for the removal of certain drugs such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) from the body, for example, after an overdose.[26][27] In 1953, sodium sulfate was proposed for heat storage in passive solar heating systems. This takes advantage of its unusual solubility properties, and the high heat of crystallisation (78.2 kJ/mol).[28] Other uses for sodium sulfate include de-frosting windows, starch manufacture, as an additive in carpet fresheners, and as an additive to cattle feed. At least one company, Thermaltake, makes a laptop computer chill mat (iXoft Notebook Cooler) using sodium sulfate decahydrate inside a quilted plastic pad. The material slowly turns to liquid and recirculates, equalizing laptop temperature and acting as an insulation.[29] Safety Although sodium sulfate is generally regarded as non-toxic,[22] it should be handled with care. The dust can cause temporary asthma or eye irritation; this risk can be prevented by using eye protection and a paper mask. Transport is not limited, and no Risk Phrase or Safety Phrase applies.[30] Sodium sulfate (also known as sodium sulphate or sulfate of soda) is the inorganic compound with formula Na2SO4 as well as several related hydrates. All forms are white solids that are highly soluble in water. With an annual production of 6 million tonnes, the decahydrate is a major commodity chemical product. It is mainly used for the manufacture of detergents and in the kraft process of paper pulping.[3] Contents 1 Forms 2 History 3 Chemical properties 4 Physical properties 5 Structure 6 Production 6.1 Natural sources 6.2 Chemical industry 7 Applications 7.1 Commodity industries 7.2 Food industry 7.3 Thermal storage 7.4 Small-scale applications 8 Safety 9 References 10 External links Forms Anhydrous sodium sulfate, known as the rare mineral thenardite, used as a drying agent in organic synthesis. Heptahydrate sodium sulfate, a very rare form. Decahydrate sodium sulfate, known as the mineral mirabilite, widely used by chemical industry. It is also known as Glauber's salt. History The decahydrate of sodium sulfate is known as Glauber's salt after the Dutch/German chemist and apothecary Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604–1670), who discovered it in 1625 in Austrian spring water. He named it sal mirabilis (miraculous salt), because of its medicinal properties: the crystals were used as a general purpose laxative, until more sophisticated alternatives came about in the 1900s.[4][5] In the 18th century, Glauber's salt began to be used as a raw material for the industrial production of soda ash (sodium carbonate), by reaction with potash (potassium carbonate). Demand for soda ash increased and the supply of sodium sulfate had to increase in line. Therefore, in the nineteenth century, the large scale Leblanc process, producing synthetic sodium sulfate as a key intermediate, became the principal method of soda ash production.[6] Chemical properties Sodium sulfate is a typical electrostatically bonded ionic sulfate. The existence of free sulfate ions in solution is indicated by the easy formation of insoluble sulfates when these solutions are treated with Ba2+ or Pb2+ salts: Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → 2 NaCl + BaSO4 Sodium sulfate is unreactive toward most oxidizing or reducing agents. At high temperatures, it can be converted to sodium sulfide by carbothermal reduction (high temperature heating with charcoal, etc.):[7] Na2SO4 + 2 C → Na2S + 2 CO2 This reaction was employed in the Leblanc process, a defunct industrial route to sodium carbonate. Sodium sulfate reacts with sulfuric acid to give the acid salt sodium bisulfate:[8][9] Na2SO4 + H2SO4 ⇌ 2 NaHSO4 Sodium sulfate displays a moderate tendency to form double salts. The only alums formed with common trivalent metals are NaAl(SO4)2 (unstable above 39 °C) and NaCr(SO4)2, in contrast to potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate which form many stable alums.[10] Double salts with some other alkali metal sulfates are known, including Na2SO4·3K2SO4 which occurs naturally as the mineral aphthitalite. Formation of glaserite by reaction of sodium sulfate with potassium chloride has been used as the basis of a method for producing potassium sulfate, a fertiliser.[11] Other double salts include 3Na2SO4·CaSO4, 3Na2SO4·MgSO4 (vanthoffite) and NaF·Na2SO4.[12] Physical properties Sodium sulfate has unusual solubility characteristics in water.[13] Its solubility in water rises more than tenfold between 0 °C to 32.384 °C, where it reaches a maximum of 49.7 g/100 mL. At this point the solubility curve changes slope, and the solubility becomes almost independent of temperature. This temperature of 32.384 °C, corresponding to the release of crystal water and melting of the hydrated salt, serves as an accurate temperature reference for thermometer calibration. Graph showing solubility of Na2SO4 vs. temperature. Structure Crystals of the decahydrate consist of [Na(OH2)6]+ ions with octahedral molecular geometry. These octahedra share edges such that eight of the 10 water molecules are bound to sodium and two others are interstitial, being hydrogen bonded to sulfate. These cations are linked to the sulfate anions via hydrogen bonds. The Na-O distances are about 240 pm.[14] Crystalline sodium sulfate decahydrate is also unusual among hydrated salts in having a measurable residual entropy (entropy at absolute zero) of 6.32 J·K−1·mol−1. This is ascribed to its ability to distribute water much more rapidly compared to most hydrates.[15] Production The world production of sodium sulfate, almost exclusively in the form of the decahydrate amounts to approximately 5.5 to 6 million tonnes annually (Mt/a). In 1985, production was 4.5 Mt/a, half from natural sources, and half from chemical production. After 2000, at a stable level until 2006, natural production had increased to 4 Mt/a, and chemical production decreased to 1.5 to 2 Mt/a, with a total of 5.5 to 6 Mt/a.[16][17][18][19] For all applications, naturally produced and chemically produced sodium sulfate are practically interchangeable. Natural sources Two thirds of the world's production of the decahydrate (Glauber's salt) is from the natural mineral form mirabilite, for example as found in lake beds in southern Saskatchewan. In 1990, Mexico and Spain were the world's main producers of natural sodium sulfate (each around 500,000 tonnes), with Russia, United States and Canada around 350,000 tonnes each.[17] Natural resources are estimated at over 1 billion tonnes.[16][17] Major producers of 200,000 to 1,500,000 tonnes/year in 2006 included Searles Valley Minerals (California, US), Airborne Industrial Minerals (Saskatchewan, Canada), Química del Rey (Coahuila, Mexico), Minera de Santa Marta and Criaderos Minerales Y Derivados, also known as Grupo Crimidesa (Burgos, Spain), Minera de Santa Marta (Toledo, Spain), Sulquisa (Madrid, Spain), Chengdu Sanlian Tianquan Chemical (Tianquan County, Sichuan, China), Hongze Yinzhu Chemical Group (Hongze District, Jiangsu, China), Nafine Chemical Industry Group [zh] (Shanxi, China), Sichuan Province Chuanmei Mirabilite (万胜镇 [zh], Dongpo District, Meishan, Sichuan, China), and Kuchuksulphat JSC (Altai Krai, Siberia, Russia).[16][18] Anhydrous sodium sulfate occurs in arid environments as the mineral thenardite. It slowly turns to mirabilite in damp air. Sodium sulfate is also found as glauberite, a calcium sodium sulfate mineral. Both minerals are less common than mirabilite.[citation needed] Chemical industry About one third of the world's sodium sulfate is produced as by-product of other processes in chemical industry. Most of this production is chemically inherent to the primary process, and only marginally economical. By effort of the industry, therefore, sodium sulfate production as by-product is declining. The most important chemical sodium sulfate production is during hydrochloric acid production, either from sodium chloride (salt) and sulfuric acid, in the Mannheim process, or from sulfur dioxide in the Hargreaves process.[20] The resulting sodium sulfate from these processes is known as salt cake. Mannheim: 2 NaCl + H2SO4 → 2 HCl + Na2SO4 Hargreaves: 4 NaCl + 2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 HCl + 2 Na2SO4 The second major production of sodium sulfate are the processes where surplus sodium hydroxide is neutralised by sulfuric acid, as applied on a large scale in the production of rayon. This method is also a regularly applied and convenient laboratory preparation. 2 NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2 H2O(l) ΔH = -112.5 kJ (highly exothermic) In the laboratory it can also be synthesized from the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate. 2NaHCO3 + MgSO4 → Na2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 + 2CO2 However, as commercial sources are readily available, laboratory synthesis is not practised often. Formerly, sodium sulfate was also a by-product of the manufacture of sodium dichromate, where sulfuric acid is added to sodium chromate solution forming sodium dichromate, or subsequently chromic acid. Alternatively, sodium sulfate is or was formed in the production of lithium carbonate, chelating agents, resorcinol, ascorbic acid, silica pigments, nitric acid, and phenol.[16] Bulk sodium sulfate is usually purified via the decahydrate form, since the anhydrous form tends to attract iron compounds and organic compounds. The anhydrous form is easily produced from the hydrated form by gentle warming. Major sodium sulfate by-product producers of 50–80 Mt/a in 2006 include Elementis Chromium (chromium industry, Castle Hayne, NC, US), Lenzing AG (200 Mt/a, rayon industry, Lenzing, Austria), Addiseo (formerly Rhodia, methionine industry, Les Roches-Roussillon, France), Elementis (chromium industry, Stockton-on-Tees, UK), Shikoku Chemicals (Tokushima, Japan) and Visko-R (rayon industry, Russia).[16] Applications File:Sulfate clump.ogv Sodium sulfate used to dry an organic liquid. Here clumps form, indicating the presence of water in the organic liquid. File:Sulfate noclump.ogv By further application of sodium sulfate the liquid may be brought to dryness, indicated here by the absence of clumping. Commodity industries With US pricing at $30 per tonne in 1970, up to $90 per tonne for salt cake quality, and $130 for better grades, sodium sulphate is a very cheap material. The largest use is as filler in powdered home laundry detergents, consuming approx. 50% of world production. This use is waning as domestic consumers are increasingly switching to compact or liquid detergents that do not include sodium sulfate.[16] Another formerly major use for sodium sulfate, notably in the US and Canada, is in the Kraft process for the manufacture of wood pulp. Organics present in the "black liquor" from this process are burnt to produce heat, needed to drive the reduction of sodium sulfate to sodium sulfide. However, due to advances in the thermal efficiency of the Kraft recovery process in the early 1960s, more efficient sulfur recovery was achieved and the need for sodium sulfate makeup was drastically reduced[21] . Hence, the use of sodium sulfate in the US and Canadian pulp industry declined from 1,400,000 tonnes per year in 1970 to only approx. 150,000 tonnes in 2006.[16] The glass industry provides another significant application for sodium sulfate, as second largest application in Europe. Sodium sulfate is used as a fining agent, to help remove small air bubbles from molten glass. It fluxes the glass, and prevents scum formation of the glass melt during refining. The glass industry in Europe has been consuming from 1970 to 2006 a stable 110,000 tonnes annually.[16] Sodium sulfate is important in the manufacture of textiles, particularly in Japan, where it is the largest application. Sodium sulfate helps in "levelling", reducing negative charges on fibres so that dyes can penetrate evenly. Unlike the alternative sodium chloride, it does not corrode the stainless steel vessels used in dyeing. This application in Japan and US consumed in 2006 approximately 100,000 tonnes.[16] Food industry Sodium sulfate is used as a diluent for food colours.[22] It is known as E number additive E514. Thermal storage The high heat storage capacity in the phase change from solid to liquid, and the advantageous phase change temperature of 32 °C (90 °F) makes this material especially appropriate for storing low grade solar heat for later release in space heating applications. In some applications the material is incorporated into thermal tiles that are placed in an attic space while in other applications the salt is incorporated into cells surrounded by solar–heated water. The phase change allows a substantial reduction in the mass of the material required for effective heat storage (the heat of fusion of sodium sulfate decahydrate is 82 kJ/mol or 252 kJ/kg[23]), with the further advantage of a consistency of temperature as long as sufficient material in the appropriate phase is available. For cooling applications, a mixture with common sodium chloride salt (NaCl) lowers the melting point to 18 °C (64 °F). The heat of fusion of NaCl·Na2SO4·10H2O, is actually increased slightly to 286 kJ/kg.[24] Small-scale applications In the laboratory, anhydrous sodium sulfate is widely used as an inert drying agent, for removing traces of water from organic solutions.[25] It is more efficient, but slower-acting, than the similar agent magnesium sulfate. It is only effective below about 30 °C, but it can be used with a variety of materials since it is chemically fairly inert. Sodium sulfate is added to the solution until the crystals no longer clump together; the two video clips (see above) demonstrate how the crystals clump when still wet, but some crystals flow freely once a sample is dry. Glauber's salt, the decahydrate, is used as a laxative. It is effective for the removal of certain drugs such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) from the body, for example, after an overdose.[26][27] In 1953, sodium sulfate was proposed for heat storage in passive solar heating systems. This takes advantage of its unusual solubility properties, and the high heat of crystallisation (78.2 kJ/mol).[28] Other uses for sodium sulfate include de-frosting windows, starch manufacture, as an additive in carpet fresheners, and as an additive to cattle feed. At least one company, Thermaltake, makes a laptop computer chill mat (iXoft Notebook Cooler) using sodium sulfate decahydrate inside a quilted plastic pad. The material slowly turns to liquid and recirculates, equalizing laptop temperature and acting as an insulation.[29] Safety Although sodium sulfate is generally regarded as non-toxic,[22] it should be handled with care. The dust can cause temporary asthma or eye irritation; this risk can be prevented by using eye protection and a paper mask. Transport is not limited, and no Risk Phrase or Safety Phrase applies.[30]

SODIUM SULFIDE N° CAS : 1313-82-2 Nom INCI : SODIUM SULFIDE Nom chimique : Disodium sulphide N° EINECS/ELINCS : 215-211-5 Classification : Règlementé Restriction en Europe : III/23 Ses fonctions (INCI) Dépilatoire : Enlève les poils indésirables

NaSCN; Sodium rhodanide; Sodium sulfocyanate; Sodium isocyanate; Thiocyanic acid sodium salt; Sodium sulfocyanate; Thiocyanate sodium; Natriumthiocyanat; Tiocianato de sodio; Thiocyanate de sodium; Sodium isothiocyanate; Sodium rhodanate; Sodium sulfocyanide; Sodium thiocyanate; Sodium thiocyanide CAS NO:540-72-7

SYNONYMS Thiosulfuric acid, disodium salt; Sodium Oxide Sulfide; antichlor; HYPO; Hyporice; Sodium hyposulfite; sodium subsulfite; CAS NO. 7772-98-7 (Anhydrous) 10102-17-7 (Pentahydrate)

cas no 10102-17-7 Thiosulfuric acid, disodium salt; Sodium Oxide Sulfide; antichlor; HYPO; Hyporice; Sodium hyposulfite; sodium subsulfite;

SODIUM TOCOPHERYL PHOSPHATE Nom INCI : SODIUM TOCOPHERYL PHOSPHATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE = TRISODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE, SODIUM CYCLOTRIPHOSPAHATE


CAS Number: 7785-84-4
EC Number: 232-088-3
MDL Number: MFCD00867826
Molecular Formula: Na3P3O9



Sodium Trimetaphosphate (also STMP), with formula Na3P3O9, is one of the metaphosphates of sodium.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate has the formula Na3P3O9 but the hexahydrate Na3P3O9·(H2O)6 is also well known.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate is the sodium salt of trimetaphosphoric acid.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate is a colourless solid that finds specialised applications in food and construction industries.


Although drawn with a particular resonance structure, the trianion has high symmetry.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate is white Crystal or crystalline powder.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate's melting point is 627.6 °c.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate's density is 2.476g/cm3.


Sodium Trimetaphosphate is readily soluble in water (2lg/lOOmL), the pH of the 1% aqueous solution is 6.0.
The addition of sodium chloride to the aqueous solution results in the formation of crystals of the hexahydrate salt.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate (STMP) is a Sodium Phosphate salt (NaPO3)3, that when added to gypsum can help to optimize the setting time while enhancing the structural integrity of the wallboard.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate, Anhydrous (STMP) Powder is a clean, white powder.


Sodium Trimetaphosphate is an important additive in the production of high throughput and high quality wallboard for use by businesses and individuals in the construction and home remodeling industry.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate, Na3[P3O9], is the most stable compound of this group of reagents.
The hydrated form of Sodium Trimetaphosphate contains 6 or 10 molecules of water of crystallization.
Commercial production of Sodium Trimetaphosphate is obtained by heating NaPO3 at 525 °C.


Suggested storage of Sodium Trimetaphosphate: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry area.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate, Anhydrous (STMP) Powder is a clean, white powder, which conforms to the specifications of the current Food Chemicals Codex for Sodium Trimetaphosphate.
The global Sodium Trimetaphosphate is set to enjoy a valuation of US$ 38.9 million in 2022 and further expand at a CAGR of 5.4% to reach US$ 65.8 million by the end of 2032.


Sodium Trimetaphosphate (STMP) is a Sodium Phosphate salt (NaPO3)3, that when added to gypsum can help to optimize the setting time while enhancing the structural integrity of the wallboard.
The main component of Sodium Trimetaphosphate is a cyclic polymerized phosphate for food.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate is white crystal powder, relative density at 2.54g/cm3, easily soluble in water, but not in alcohol.
Sodium trimetaphosphate is a compound that appears as white to off-white powder.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE:
Cosmetic Uses: anticaking agents, buffering agents, and chelating agents
Sodium trimetaphosphate is used Pharmaceutical additive,、Starch modifier,、Organic phosphate agent, and、Metal detergent additive
Sodium trimetaphosphate is used as a crosslinking agent in the cross-linked amylase-resistant starch.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate acts as an intermediate in food industries.


Further, Sodium Trimetaphosphate serves as a corrosion inhibitors, anti-scaling agents, fillers, finishing agents, plating agents and surface treating agents.
In the food industry, Sodium Trimetaphosphate is used as a starch modifier, juice turbidity inhibitor, meat binding agent, dispersant, stabilizer (for ice cream, cheese, etc.).
Sodium Trimetaphosphate can prevent food from discoloring and vitamin C decomposition.


Sodium Trimetaphosphate is also used as a water softener.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate is used Pharmaceutic aid.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate works as the crosslinking agent in the cross-linked amylase-resistant starch.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate acts as an intermediate in food industries.
Further, Sodium Trimetaphosphate serves as a corrosion inhibitors, anti-scaling agents, fillers, finishing agents, plating agents and surface treating agents.


Sodium Trimetaphosphate is used in water treatment, metal cleaning and wall board applications.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate uses and applications include: Corrosionscale inhibitor, sequestrant for water treatment; preparation of food starch modified; buffer, chelating agent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals
Applications of Sodium Trimetaphosphate include food processing, starch modification, pharmaceuticals, and potable water treatment.
Sodium tripolyphosphate hexahydrate (sodium trimetaphosphate) is used in laundry detergent as a detergent "builder".


Sodium Trimetaphosphate may also be used as a buffering agent.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate has been shown that fluoride varnishes containing sodium trimetaphosphate reduce enamel demineralization.
Applications of Sodium Trimetaphosphate include food processing, starch modification, pharmaceuticals, and potable water treatment.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate is an important additive in the production of high throughput and high quality wallboard for use by businesses and individuals in the construction and home remodeling industry.


Sodium Trimetaphosphate is used as starch modifier：juice turbidity preventive agent；water retention agent；water softener；meat binder；dispersant；stabilizer (for ice cream, cheese, etc.)；can prevent food discoloration and vitamin C decomposition.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate is aso used as a water softener.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate can be used to produce low-density washing powder, and can also be used to produce dry bleach, automatic dishwashing detergent, sodium tripolyphosphate hexahydrate and a mixture of sodium tripolyphosphate hexahydrate and inert inorganic salt.


Since Sodium Trimetaphosphate can not only esterify starch by bridging to inhibit surface adhesion, it can also bind to serine and lysine in rice protein to form phosphorylated protein due to its reactivity.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate protects proteins from lye damage and loses nutritional value.
Therefore, it is recommended that the manufacturer or the public add 0.2% Sodium Trimetaphosphate to the cooking liquid as needed to replace the borax which will endanger human health.


In food stuff industry, Sodium Trimetaphosphate mainly used as starch modifier, turbidness preventing agent for fruit juice,water-holding agent for meat products,adhesive, separating agent steadying agent,used for foods against color-fading and vitamin decomposition,etc.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate (STMP) is a Sodium Phosphate salt (NaPO3)3, that when added to gypsum can help to optimize the setting time while enhancing the structural integrity of the wallboard.
Sodium trimetaphosphate is utilized in synthetic dairy products (milk-based puddings) as a stabilizing agent and in detergent processing.


Sodium Trimetaphosphate is an important additive in the production of high throughput and high quality wallboard for use by businesses and individuals in the construction and home remodeling industry.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate is widely used in the synthesis of bridged-type phosphate starch and phosphorylated soybean protein, and is one of the safest food-based polymeric phosphates.
Applications of Sodium Trimetaphosphate include food processing, starch modification, pharmaceuticals, and potable water treatment.


Sodium Trimetaphosphate is used in the food industry as a starch modifier, juice turbidity prevention agent, meat Binder, dispersant and stabilizer (for ice cream, cheese, etc.).
Sodium Trimetaphosphate can prevent food discoloration and prevent the decomposition of vitamin C.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate is also used as a water softening agent.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate is used as a starch improver apply for flour, pastry products, etc...



SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS of SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE:
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate is heated at 550 °C to give anhydrous trisodium trimetaphosphate:
3NaH2PO4 → Na3P3O9 + 3 H2O
The latter dissolves in water and precipitated by the addition of sodium chloride (common ion effect), affording the hexahydrate.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate can also prepared by heating samples sodium polyphosphate.
Hydrolysis of the ring leads to the acyclic sodium triphosphate:
Na3P3O9 + H2O → H2Na3P3O10
The analogous reaction of the metatriphosphate anion involves ring-opening by amine nucleophiles.



PURIFICATION METHODS of SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE:
Sodium Trimetaphosphate is precipitated from an aqueous solution at 40°C by adding EtOH.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate is dried in air.



FUNCTIONS of SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE:
"Sodium trimetaphosphate" is a legal food additive announced by the Ministry of Health and Welfare to replace borax, and sodium trimetaphosphate has three functions similar to borax:
*The pH value of the boiled liquid reduces the gelatinization speed.
*The esterification function of sugar reduces the phenomenon of gelatinization and bonding.
*Protein bridging composite reaction, improve tissue viscoelasticity and make the product dry.



PREPARATION METHOD of SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE:
The edible sodium dihydrogen phosphate is heated, dehydrated at 95 ℃ to become anhydrous sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and then sent into the box type polymerization furnace to heat and melt polymerization.
When the material temperature is 140~200 ℃, first, it is converted into sodium pyrophosphate, and then it is converted into cyclic sodium metaphosphate when heated to 260 ℃, and then it is polymerized to synthesize trimetaphosphoric acid when heated to 500 ℃.
After cooling and grinding, the edible Sodium Trimetaphosphate product is prepared.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE:
Appearance: white powder (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
Soluble in: water
Molecular Weight: 305.89
Molecular Weight: 305.89
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 9
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 305.84482541

Monoisotopic Mass: 305.84482541
Topological Polar Surface Area: 148 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 15
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 224
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 4
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Compound Formula: Na3PO9
Molecular Weight: 305.92
Appearance: White Crystal or Powder
Melting Point: 627.6°C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: N/A
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 305.844824 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 305.844824 g/mol

Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.

Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Chemical formula: Na3P3O9
Molar mass: 305.885 g/mol
Appearance: colorless or white crystals
Density: 2.49 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
1.786 g/cm3 (hexahydrate)
Melting point: 53 °C (127 °F; 326 K) (hexahydrate, decomposes to anyhdrous)
Solubility in water: 22 g/100 mL
Solubility: insoluble in alcohol
Refractive index (nD): 1.433



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE:
-General advice:
Consult a physician.
-If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
-In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
-If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.



SYNONYMS:
SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE
7785-84-4
Trisodium trimetaphosphate
Sodium trimetaphosphate
3IH6169RL0
Cyclicsodiumtrimetaphosphate
trisodium
2,4,6-trioxido-1,3,5,2lambda5,4lambda5,6lambda5-trioxatriphosphinane 2,4,6-trioxide
Sodium trimetaphosphate
Trisodium metaphosphate
Polyrinsan 58
Cyclic sodium trimetaphosphate
Sodium phosphate ((NaPO3)3)
HSDB 5048
Metaphosphoric acid, trisodium salt
Sodium metaphosphate (Na3(P3O9))
EINECS 232-088-3
Trisodium trimetaphosphate (Na3P3O9)
Cyclisches trinatriummetaphosphat
UNII-3IH6169RL0
CCRIS 8524
Cyclisches trinatriummetaphosphat
Metaphosphoric acid (H3P3O9), trisodium salt
Trimetaphosphoric acid (H3P3O9), trisodium salt
1,3,5,2,4,6-Trioxatriphosphorinane, 2,4,6-trihydroxy-, trisodium salt
EC 232-088-3
CHEMBL2107557
DTXSID7052789
trimetaphosphate grade iii trisodium
SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE
SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE
MFCD00867826
SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE
SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE
SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE
SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE
D02423
E75943
Metaphosphoric acid (H3P3O9), sodium salt (1:3)
Q7553388
(Triphosphoric acid alpha,beta,gamma-trisodium)alpha,gamma-anhydride salt
2,4,6-Tris(sodiooxy)-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphorinane 2,4,6-trioxide
STMP
trimetaphosphate
cyclischestrinatriummetaphosphat
CPD-610;trisodiummetaphosphate
2,4,6-trioxido-1,3,5,2
SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE
Sodium phosphate (meta)
sodium cyclotriphosphate
sodiumphosphate((napo3)3)
cyclic sodium trimetaphosphate
metaphosphoric acid
trisodium salt
sodium metaphosphate na3 p3o9
sodium phosphate napo3 3
sodium trimetaphosphate
sodium trimetaphosphate usan
trisodium metaphosphate
trisodium trimetaphosphate
trisodium trimetaphosphate na3p3o9
unii-3ih6169rl0
1,3,5,2,4,6-Trioxatriphosphorinane, 2,4,6-trihydroxy-, trisodium salt
Cyclic sodium trimetaphosphate
Cyclisches trinatriummetaphosphat
Metaphosphoric acid (H3P3O9), trisodium salt
Metaphosphoric acid, trisodium salt
Sodium metaphosphate (Na3(P3O9))
Sodium phosphate ((NaPO3)3)
Sodium phosphate tribasic
Trimetaphosphoric acid (H3P3O9), trisodium salt
Trisodium metaphosphate
Trisodium trimetaphosphate
cyclicsodiumtrimetaphosphate
Metaphosphoric acid trisodium salt
SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE
Trimetaphosphate sodium
STMP
TRISODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE
cyclischestrinatriummetaphosphat
Metaphosphoricacid(H3P3O9),trisodiumsalt
3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphorinane,2,4,6-trihydroxy-trisodiumsalt
TRIMETAPHOSPHATE TRISODIUM SALT
STMP
SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE
Sodium Trimetaphosphate
sodium cyclotriphosphate
TRISODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE
trimetaphosphate trisodium
cyclicsodiumtrimetaphosphate
trisodium cyclo-triphosphate
TRIMETAPHOSPHATE TRISODIUM SALT
cyclischestrinatriummetaphosphat
Metaphosphoric acid, trisodium salt
trimetaphosphate grade iii trisodium
Metaphosphoricacid(H3P3O9),trisodiumsalt
3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphorinane,2,4,6-trihydroxy-trisodiumsalt

Sodium Tripolyphosphate Properties Chemical formula Na5P3O10 Molar mass 367.864 g/mol Appearance white powder Density 2.52 g/cm3 Melting point 622 °C (1,152 °F; 895 K) Solubility in water 14.5 g/100 mL (25 °C) Preparation and properties of Sodium tripolyphosphate Sodium tripolyphosphate is produced by heating a stoichiometric mixture of disodium phosphate, Na2HPO4, and monosodium phosphate, NaH2PO4, under carefully controlled conditions. 2 Na2HPO4 + NaH2PO4 → Na5P3O10 + 2 H2O In this way, approximately 2 million tons are produced annually. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is a colourless salt, which exists both in anhydrous form and as the hexahydrate. The anion can be described as the pentanionic chain [O3POP(O)2OPO3]5−. Many related di-, tri-, and polyphosphates are known including the cyclic triphosphate P3O93−. Sodium tripolyphosphate binds strongly to metal cations as both a bidentate and tridentate chelating agent. Uses of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) In detergents The majority of Sodium tripolyphosphate is consumed as a component of commercial detergents. Sodium tripolyphosphate serves as a "builder," industrial jargon for a water softener. In hard water (water that contains high concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+), detergents are deactivated. Being a highly charged chelating agent, TPP5− binds to dications tightly and prevents them from interfering with the sulfonate detergent. Food applications of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) STPP is a preservative for seafood, meats, poultry, and animal feeds. Sodium tripolyphosphate is common in food production as E number E451. In foods, STPP is used as an emulsifier and to retain moisture. Many governments regulate the quantities allowed in foods, as it can substantially increase the sale weight of seafood in particular. The United States Food and Drug Administration lists STPP as "generally recognized as safe." Other uses of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) Other uses (hundreds of thousands of tons/year) include ceramics (decrease the viscosity of glazes up to a certain limit), leather tanning (as masking agent and synthetic tanning agent - SYNTAN), anticaking agents, setting retarders, flame retardants, paper, anticorrosion pigments, textiles, rubber manufacture, fermentation, antifreeze." TPP is used as a polyanion crosslinker in polysaccharide based drug delivery. Toothpaste. Health effects of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) High serum phosphate concentration has been identified as a predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. Whilst phosphate is present in the body and food in organic forms, inorganic forms of phosphate such as sodium triphosphate are readily adsorbed and can result in elevated phosphate levels in serum. Salts of polyphosphate anions are moderately irritating to skin and mucous membranes because they are mildly alkaline. Environmental effects of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) Because it is very water-soluble, Sodium tripolyphosphate is not significantly removed by waste water treatment. Sodium tripolyphosphate hydrolyses to phosphate, which is be assimilated into the natural phosphorus cycle. Detergents containing phosphorus contribute to the eutrophication of many fresh waters. With prolonged heating of sodium tripolyphosphate soln, it tends to revert to the orthophosphate. Residues of sodium tripolyphosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a buffer, surfactant, suspending agent, dispersing agent, anticaking agent or conditioning agent in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Sodium tripolyphosphate is found on List D. Case No: 4053; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, and antimicrobial; Case Status: None of the active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants. All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as "unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.; Active ingredient (AI): sodium tripolyphosphate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled." Uses of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a multiple purpose food substance in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a sequestrant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice. Sodium tripolyphosphate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient. Interactions of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) The mechanism by which sodium tripolyphosphate increases cadmium toxicity after sc administration was investigated in mice after a dose of cadmium (30 umol/kg), alone or with sodium tripolyphosphate (90 umol/kg). ... Histological ... changes in the liver were not observed during the first 12 hr after injection of cadmium, but already 6-8 hr after injection of cadmium plus sodium tripolyphosphate early centrilobular necroses and blood stasis appeared. At 12 hr more advanced necroses were present. Sodium tripolyphosphate administered alone was nontoxic and did not change the liver morphology, when compared to animals killed immediately after injection. During the first 12 hr after cadmium administration with sodium tripolyphosphate, there was a much faster transport of cadmium, giving rise to higher liver and kidney concn of cadmium and partial inhibition of cadmium-metallothionein binding, as compared with animals receiving the same dose of cadmium without sodium tripolyphosphate. IDENTIFICATION AND USE of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP): Pentasodium tripolyphosphate is a white powder which is soluble in water. Sodium tripolyphosphate is used as a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer. This chemical is one of the most widely used and most effective builder in heavy duty fabric washing compositions. Because of its high sequestration power, it also finds extensive application in automatic dish washing detergents. Sodium tripolyphosphate forms stable hydrates and aids in the manufacture of crisp spray dried laundry powders. It is used in dairy substitute products: milk based pudding, whipped topping, sour cream, and cheese. It is used in water softening and as a peptizing agent; emulsifier and dispersing agent, it is an ingredient of cleansers in drilling fluids to control mud viscosity in oil fields; as preservative, sequestrant, and as a texturizer in foods. The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products used in the United States. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: If Sodium tripolyphosphate ingested in large amounts this chemical can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Sodium tripolyphosphate has produced vesiculation when applied to intact and abraded skin of humans. Sodium and potassium hexametaphosphates, polyphosphates, tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and other phosphates used as water softeners form complexes with calcium and, after ingestion, are capable of seriously reducing the serum level of ionic calcium. They have less corrosive effect on mucous membranes than sodium or potassium hydroxide. Eye contact with concentrated material can cause conjunctival edema and corneal destruction. Chronic dermatitis may follow repeated contact of the chemical that migrates to food from packaging materials. Occupational exposure involves acetyl cellulose makers, bronze alloy makers, munitions workers, smoke bomb and incendiary makers, pesticide rat poison worker, fertilizer makers, electroluminescent-coating makers, and semiconductor workers. ANIMAL STUDIES: Sodium tripolyphosphate induced emesis in dogs. Dietary administration in animals has caused decrease iron content in bone, liver, and spleen, and bone depletion of calcium. Gastrointestinal absorption, transport, tissue deposition, and excretion of cadmium were investigated in mice after single or repeated exposure with or without chelating agents. Male CBA-mice received a single oral 69 mg/kg dose of cadmium-109 in combination with a single 600 mg/kg dose of nitrilotriacetic acid, sodium tripolyphosphate, or 60 or 600 mg/kg ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Animals were observed, and blood cadmium concentrations followed, from 5 minutes to 21 days before dissection and tissue analysis. Female CBA-mice received a single oral 15 ug/kg dose of radioactive cadmium in combination with cadmium and 50 or 500 ppm of these chelating agents in their drinking water and were observed for 18 months. Acute cadmium toxicity was reduced in mice given cadmium in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. At all times from 5 minutes to 5 hours after dosing blood cadmium concentrations were lowest in mice exposed to cadmium plus sodium tripolyphosphate. Almost all cadmium in kidneys of mice exposed to cadmium and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at the higher doses was bound in the cadmium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex, while at the lower dose of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid part of the cadmium was bound to high molecular weight proteins. Cadmium 24 hour elimination was increased from 20% with cadmium alone to 45% with the higher and 35% with the lower dose of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Whole body retention at 21 days was 4.4% with cadmium alone, 2% with nitrilotriacetic acid and 5.5% with sodium tripolyphosphate. With repeated exposure no substantial differences in whole body or organ retention of cadmium were seen after treatment with different chelating agents. Chelating agents did not affect mortality over 18 months. /It was concluded/ that the effects of different chelating agents on acute cadmium toxicity and metabolism are produced by change in the stability of the chelate complexes and the availability of metal binding ligands in-vivo. Warnings of sodium tripolyphosphate in fish You might be paying more for seafood that contains this chemical, because it can increase the weight of the products to which it’s applied. Worse, you might not even know it’s there, because labelling of this potentially toxic chemical is not mandatory in the US, says Ms Logan. So what is sodium tripolyphosphate? It’s an additive—called sodium tripolyphosphate, or STPP for short—and it is used to make your seafood appear firmer, smoother and glossier. Seafood manufacturers may soak your seafood in a quick chemical bath of STPP in order to achieve these effects. Some of the more commonly “soaked” seafood items include scallops, shrimp and anything filleted that’s very flaky—like hake, sole or imitation crab meat, Ms Logan continues. If seafood is soaked for too long in an STPP bath, it may absorb more water, which means you’ll pay more for the product by the pound because the excess water makes it weigh more. A product may have been “soaked” with sodium tripolyphosphate if a milky white liquid oozes from the fish as you cook it, and it may also deflate in size a bit. In large quantities, sodium tripolyphosphate is a suspected neurotoxin, as well as a registered pesticide and known air contaminant in the state of California. How can one steer clear of STPP? Ask at your market or fish shop if the scallops or shrimp you’re being sold are “dry.” You can ask the same thing of waiters at seafood restaurants—they should have an understanding of the topic. (In industry-speak, “wet” fish means a product has been soaked in phosphates.) You can also check labels of packaged products, which may list sodium tripolyphosphate as an ingredient. Unfortunately, it’s not mandatory for companies and sellers to do so, concludes Ms Logan. Sodium Tripolyphosphate Na₅P₃O₁₀ Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) — is widely used as a component for the production of synthetic detergents, water treatment, as well as in the ceramic, paint, varnish and other industries. We produce 15 technical Sodium Tripolyphosphate grades of powder and granular type. When producing synthetic detergents, STPP is usually added to the pulp. STPP with a high rate of hydration is preferable to use on modern equipment due to a shorter period of reaction with water, which is required for powerful high-speed mixers. On other equipment, it is recommended to use STPP with medium and/or low rate of hydration, which avoids the formation of lumps in the detergent slurry. What Is the Usage of Sodium Tripolyphosphate? Sodium tripolyphosphate, also known as pentasodium triphosphate, pentasodium tripolyphosphate or sodium triphosphate, is used in a wide range of applications in the manufacture of cleaning products and food preservatives as well as in water treatment facilities. Manufacture of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) Sodium tripolyphosphate is a sodium salt of triphosphoric acid. Sodium tripolyphosphate is manufactured in chemical laboratories by mixing disodium phosphate and monosodium phosphate. A Powerful Cleaning Agent Sodium tripolyphosphate is used in a variety of cleaning products. It improves the ability of various ingredients in the detergent to penetrate the fibers of clothes (as well as other surfaces and materials to be cleaned) more deeply, and aids in foaming and bubbling. Therefore, most chemical plants that make sodium tripolyphosphate list "detergents" as the primary area of use for this chemical. Food Additive Sodium tripolyphosphate also gives a fresh appearance to meat and seafood while slowing down spoilage. The chemical helps to preserve the natural color of meat and fish and improves their texture. This is done by improving the water-holding capacity of animal products and consequently slowing down their drying Tanning Agent for Leather Sodium tripolyphosphate is listed as a tanning agent for leather. Interestingly, the chemical is also used as an oil contamination resistance agent in paper production. So, Sodium tripolyphosphate can both help manufacturers apply the right color to a medium as well as keep unwanted color away. Other Uses of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) Other uses of sodium tripolyphosphate include petroleum refining, metallurgy, mine applications and water treatment. The last application is made possible by its pH buffering ability, meaning that it can "soften" acidic water by neutralizing its acidity. This quality is one of the reasons it is added to detergents. Description Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is an alkaline salt that will raise the pH of meats and seafood, enough to increase their water-holding capacity. Alternative Names STP, STPP Culinary Uses of Sodium tripolyphosphate Sodium tripolyphosphate is used as a preservative for poultry, meat, and seafood. Sodium tripolyphosphate is also added, along with other sodium polyphosphates, to processed cheeses as an emulsifier. The polyphosphates are negatively charged chains of phosphorus and oxygen that attract water molecules. When added to the cheese, they remove calcium from casein matrix and also bind themselves to the casein while bringing moisture with them. The effect is that the polyphosphates loosen the protein matrix helping keep the mixture emulsified and ensure even melting. This applies to other uses such as force-meats: Sodium tripolyphosphate will help prevent the poultry, fish, or meat from becoming greasy and falling apart during heating. Preparation Tips of Sodium tripolyphosphate Careful not to add too much Sodium tripolyphosphate, as many find its taste very harsh in high quantities. Sodium tripolyphosphate Chemical Properties,Uses,Production detergent builders Sodium tripolyphosphate is a kind of excellent detergent additives, the largest amount of detergent in the production process is set, its role has four aspects: 1. the effect of heavy metal ion chelate: heavy metal ions in the process of washing water, can combine detergent molecules to form insoluble metal salt,reduce the washing ability, even complete loss of function. Therefore, it is necessary to add chelating agent, which can make water containing heavy metal ions into harmless substancesin the detergent. Sodium tripolyphosphate has strong chelation for heavy metal ions, sealing them and eliminating the adverse effects on the washing. In addition, it can capture dirt contained various metals in washing process, playing the role of dissociation of dirt, used as soap synergist and preventing bar soap grease precipitation and bloom. 2. The dirt on his gum, emulsifying and dispersing effect: Dirt often contain body fluids (mainly protein and fat like substances), also contains the sand from the outside world, dust etc.. Sodium tripolyphosphate has the expansion, solubilization on dirt protein, and the effect of the glue solution; emulsification of fat promotes; has dispersing effect on solid dirt, strong emulsification of lubricating oil and fat, can be used to adjust the pH value of buffer liquid soap. 3. prevent caking of detergent: Synthetic detergent powder is hygroscopic, such as stored in high humidity areas, it is necessary to caking phenomenon. Using detergent agglomerates is inconvenient. While the water absorption of sodium tripolyphosphate formed the hexahydrate, with characteristics of dry. When there is extensive use of detergent formulations, it can serve to prevent caking phenomenon caused by moisture absorption, keeping dry granular of the synthetic detergent. 4. It has a larger buffer alkaline washing solution, pH value is maintained at about 9.4, which is conducive to the removal of acidic dirt. Chemical Properties of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is a white powder, soluble in water, its water solution is alkaline. It is a crystalline inorganic salt that can exist in two anhydrous crystalline forms (phase I and phase II) or a hydrous form (Na5P3O10 . 6H2O). STPP is used in a large variety of household cleaning products, mainly as a builder, but also in human foodstuffs, animal feeds, industrial cleaning processes and ceramics manufacture. Uses of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) 1. Sodium tripolyphosphate is used for meat processing, synthetic detergent formulations, textile dyeing, also used as dispersing agent, solvent etc. 2. It is used as soft water, also used in confectionery industry. 3. It is used as power stations, locomotive vehicle, boiler and a fertilizer plant cooling water treatment, water softener. It has strong ability to Ca2+ collaterals, per 100g to complex 19.5g calcium , and because SHMP chelation and adsorption dispersion destroyed the normal process of calcium phosphate crystal growth, it prevents the formation of calcium phosphate scale. Dosage is 0.5 mg/L, prevent that scaling rate is up to 95%~100%. 4. Modifier; emulsifier; buffer; chelating agent; stabilizer. Mainly for canned ham tenderization; canned broad beans in the Yuba softening. Can also be used as soft water, pH regulator and thickening agent. 5. It is used for synergist for soap and preventing bar soap grease precipitation and bloom. It has strong emulsification of lubricating oil and fat. It can be used for adjusting the value of pH of buffer liquid soap. Industrial water softener. Pre tanning agent. Dyeing auxiliaries. Paint, kaolin, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, such as industrial in the preparation of suspensions of dispersant. Drilling mud dispersant. In paper industry used as anti oil agents. 6. Sodium tripolyphosphate is used for detergents. As additives, synergist for soap and preventing bar soap crystallization and bloom, industrial water soft water, pre tanning agent, dyeing auxiliaries, well digging mud control agent, paper with oil on preventing agent, paint, kaolin, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, such as hanging floating fluid treatment effective dispersant. Food grade sodium tripolyphosphate as a variety of meat products, food improver, the clarification of the beverage additives. 7. Quality improver to improve food complexed metal ions, pH value, increasing ionic strength, thereby improving food focus and water holding capacity. Provision of China can be used for dairy products, fish products, poultry products, ice cream and instant noodles, maximum dose is 5.0g/kg; in canned, maximum use juice (taste) beverages and vegetable protein beverage is 1.0g/kg. Methods of production of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) 1. recrystallization The industrial sodium tripolyphosphate dissolved in 60~70℃, water solution prepared from 17% to 22%, and filtered to remove the insoluble impurities; and then concentrated by vacuum, cooling crystallization, separation, drying to obtain the product. Hot phosphoric acid in two steps In neutralization tank with the consumption of soda ash and food grade phosphoric acid with 50%~60% solution, neutralizing liquid into the intermediate storage tank, pump sent to the spray drying tower for spray drying; powder sent to rotary polymerization furnace, heating to 540~580 ℃ and dehydration polymerization, in air cooling collapse into powder. In aqueous solution of anhydrous ethanol, precipitates six water. 5Na2CO3 +6H3PO4→4Na2HPO4 +2NaH2PO4 +5CO2+5H2O 4Na2HPO4 +2NaH2PO4→2Na5P3O10 +4H2O 2. Two-step thermal process of phosphoric acid will place(55%~60%) phosphate solution via measuring the neutralization tank, heating and the agitator is started under stirring slowly, adding soda ash for neutralization reaction, neutralization tank to maintain 2 molecular hydrogen phosphate disodium on 1 molecular sodium dihydrogen phosphate ratio. The mixed liquid and the high groove into the spray, drying tower, drying and after drying of orthophosphate dry from the tower bottom discharge sent to rotary polymerization furnace, carried away by a gas stove a few dry by the cyclone dust collector to be recycled. Dry phosphate Is in the furnace and at temperature of 350 to 450℃ polymerization reaction generated sodium tripolyphosphate, after cooling, crushing of refined sodium tripolyphosphate. 5Na2CO3 +6H3PO4→4Na2HPO4 +2NaH2PO4 +5CO2+5H2O 4Na2HPO4 +2NaH2PO4→2Na5P3O10 +4H2O Wet process phosphoric acid one step will rock phosphate and sulfate reaction of phosphoric acid and soda ash used in removing fluoride can remove the fluosilicic acid, in the desulfurization tank with barium carbonate to remove sulfate, in order to reduce the sodium sulfate content in phosphoric acid. Then using sodium carbonate for neutralization. After filtration to a large number of iron, aluminum and other impurities. The fine tuning, filtering, income of containing a certain proportion of hydrogen phosphate, sodium and sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the evaporator concentrate to comply with requirements of the polymeric material spraying. The slurry sprayed into the rotary polymerization furnace, by hot air spray drying and aggregation. After cooling, crushing, sieving of sodium tripolyphosphate product. Ca5F(PO4)3+5H2SO4+10H2O→3H3PO4+5CaSO4.2H2O+HF 6H3PO4+5Na2CO3→4Na2HPO4+2NaH2PO4+5H2O+5CO2↑ 4Na2HPO4+2NaH2PO4→2Na5P3O10+4H2O 3. Hydrogen phosphate disodium salt and sodium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed and heated to 110℃dehydration and continue heating to 540~580℃, dehydration and stable particle type; as heating to 620 ℃, melting cooling to 550 ℃, then cooled in the air, is disintegrated into the powder type. Ethanol in water solution to get six water. 4. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate method will put dihydrogen phosphate adding polymerizer, heating to 700 ℃, dehydrated 15~30min. Then quenched in cold water and processing. Phosphoric anhydride method After yellow phosphorus is fused heating tank, enters the combustion furnace, oxided of phosphorus and precipitation. Cools, remove phosphoric anhydride (P2O5). Phosphoric anhydride and sodium carbonate according to 1: 0.8 (mol) cool in a blender mixing into graphite crucible. In 750 to 800 ℃ for indirect heating, dehydration after polymerization to get six partial sodium phosphate melt. Put it into the intraday quench cooling, and get the glass and transparent sodium hexametaphosphate. Chemical Properties white or colourless crystals, granules or powder Uses of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) Sodium tripolyphosphate is a binder, stabilizer, and sequestrant that is mildly alkaline, with a pH of 10, and moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 15g in 100ml of water at 25°C. It is used to improve the whipping properties of egg-containing angel food cake mix and meringues. It reduces gelling of juices and canned ham and tenderizes canned peas and lima beans. It is a moisture binder in cured pork and protects against discoloration and reduces shrinkage in sausage products. In algin desserts, it functions as a calcium sequestrant. Sodium tripolyphosphate is also termed pentasodium tripolyphosphate and sodium triphosphate. Sodium tripolyphosphate is a cross-linker widely used to cross-link polycationic polymers, such as CH, by electrostatic interactions in a process known as ionic gelation (Fig. 2.5). Compared to glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, and other chemical cross-linkers, Sodium tripolyphosphate is physiologically nontoxic. It also has the advantage of being water soluble, and requires only one-step reaction for ionic gelation. Sodium tripolyphosphate has high charge density (six ionic groups), which ensures high cross-linking density with CH amine groups during ionic gelation. It is well established that CH/Sodium tripolyphosphate molar ratio has a profound effect on the resulting NP mean diameter and drug release properties (Gan et al., 2005). Koukaras et al. used computer-aided molecular modeling based on density functional theory to show the most probable cross-linking arrangement of Sodium tripolyphosphate ions within Sodium tripolyphosphate-CH composites (Koukaras et al., 2012). Jonassen et al. investigated the stability of Sodium tripolyphosphate-CH NPs in the presence of sodium chloride salt. They reported maximal instability at the highest Sodium tripolyphosphate-to-CH ratios. They also reported that extreme CH concentration is associated with larger NPs sizes and increased NPs aggregation and sedimentation tendency (i.e., reduced NPs colloidal stability) (Jonassen et al., 2012). Sodium tripolyphosphate is a very efficient and cost-effective builder. As it is water soluble, and the hardness removal is by chelation, the process is very fast even at low temperatures. Irrespective of these advantages, many countries have stopped using Sodium tripolyphosphate in detergents as it causes environmental problems. Phosphates, being essential nutrients, cause excessive fertilization in stagnant waters and slow-flowing rivers, which leads to excessive growth of algae. These problems can be avoided by employing a wastewater treatment system that removes the phosphorus. However, as aluminosilicates made an entry, it was preferred to limit the use of phosphorus compounds in detergents. Aluminosilicates are environment friendly materials. Aluminosilicates are produced by combining silica and alumina (from bauxite ore). After use in detergents, they are returned to the environment, where they decompose back to silica and alumina. The only concern about the aluminosilicates arises from their insoluble nature. There are some reports of zeolites leading to enhanced sludge in the wastewater. As long as the particles are larger than 1 μm, they can be easily removed by sedimentation. The δ-disilicate, though insoluble during the wash process, dissolves when the solution becomes dilute during the rinse cycle. What is Sodium tripolyphosphate? Sodium tripolyphosphate, STPP, is a chemical often used to soak seafood so that it will appear more firm and glossy. It is also known as pentasodium salt or triphosphoric acid. STPP is also an ingredient in detergents and soaps. Most gel, liquid, tablet, and powder forms of both laundry and dishwasher detergent contain STPP. As a food, it is generally regarded as safe, but large ingested amounts of the product can be toxic. Sodium tripolyphosphate is an umbrella term that refers to multiple combinations of sodium (salt) and phosphate (an inorganic, salt-forming chemical). Food-grade Sodium tripolyphosphate is recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as safe for consumption. It is often used as an additive in processed food manufacturing. It’s also an ingredient in many household products and medications. For some people, Sodium tripolyphosphate may be used to prepare the bowel prior to colonoscopy. Uses in food Sodium tripolyphosphate can be found in fast food, deli meat, processed meat, canned tuna, baked goods, and other manufactured foods. It serves a variety of functions: It thickens food. It stabilizes the texture of processed foods, such as mashed potato mixes. It cures meat and meat products. It helps to keep deli meats and bacon moist, avoiding spoilage. It’s a leavening agent. It helps dough rise in commercially prepared cakes and breads and in cake mixes. It’s an emulsifying agent. It acts as a stabilizer to keep oil and water mixed together in certain types of food, such as processed cheese. It balances pH levels in processed food. It stabilizes the balance between acidity and alkalinity, extending shelf life and improving taste. Is it safe to consume? Food-grade Sodium tripolyphosphate is categorized by the FDA as GRAS, which means “generally recognized as safe.” This may be because the amount of Sodium tripolyphosphate added to processed food, is relatively low. One studyTrusted Source found that Sodium tripolyphosphate, when used as a food additive, can impact health differently than naturally occurring phosphate. This is because it’s absorbed differently by the body. According to the abstract, high levels of phosphate may elevate mortality rates for the general public, as well as for those with kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Researchers linked high phosphate levels to accelerated aging and vascular damage. The researchers recommended that people eat foods with naturally occurring phosphates, rather than those with added Sodium tripolyphosphate. Some athletes take Sodium tripolyphosphate as a supplement to enhance performance. However, a study, reported in the International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise MetabolismTrusted Source, found that supplementation with Sodium tripolyphosphate did not improve aerobic ability in athletes. Side effects from an overdose of Sodium tripolyphosphate may include: vomiting headache reduced urine output bloating abdominal pain dizziness irregular heartbeat seizure Who should avoid Sodium tripolyphosphate? Talk to your doctor about your use of Sodium tripolyphosphate, particularly if you take it as a supplement or eat a large amount of processed or fast food.

FORMULA C2H3O3S.Na PH 8.5 - 10 (25°C) TOTAL CHLORIDES <= 200 ppm ACTIVE INGREDIANT(S) 25 - 26% wt. COLOR (APHA) <= 450 INHIBITOR 0.009 - 0.0130% wt. APPEARANCE Yellow liquid SOLID CONTENT <= 35.0% wt. MOLECULAR WEIGHT 130.09 REFRACTIVE INDEX 1.3760 DENSITY 1.176 CLASS Plastic Additives Sodium vinylsulfonate is a useful reagent (monomer) for the formation of poly(anionic) polymers and copolymers. It is employed as a basic brightener and leveling agent in nickel baths. It is also used as intermediate for organic synthesis, surfactant, pharmaceutical industry. Industry Uses Adhesives and sealant chemicals Intermediates Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories Consumer Uses Adhesives and sealants Paints and coatings Photographic supplies, film, and photo chemicals Inorganic nanoparticles based on magnetite were used to improve the mechanical, thermal, and magnetic properties of microporous cryogel polymer composites. Here we report the synthesis of microporous cryogel based on the crosslinked sodium vinyl sulfonate (Na-VS) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt (Na-AMPS). The magnetite nanoparticles were incorporated into Na-VS/Na-AMPS cryogel networks either during its crosslinking polymerization or by the in-situ technique after its crosslinking. The morphology, particle sizes, thermal stability, and magnetite contents of Na-VS/Na-AMPS cryogel and its magnetite composite were investigated. The prepared Na-VS/Na-AMPS cryogel and its magnetite composite were used as adsorbents for methylene blue (MB) cationic dye using optimum conditions. The magnetite Na-VS/Na-AMPS cryogel composite prepared by in-situ technique achieved the best adsorption MB removal capacity for 7 cycles among the other adsorbents via chemical adsorption mechanism at room temperature.In the present work, sodium vinyl sulfonate (VS) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt (AMPS) were selected as ionic monomers that have a strong tendency to link with iron cations to prepare their oxides into their crosslinked polymeric networks as hydrogel and cryogels [27]. The comparison between the abilities of the produced VS/AMPS networks as hydrogels and cryogels to adsorb the water pollutants the aim of the present work. Moreover, the determination of the optimum adsorption parameters for removal of methylene blue cationic dyes from the industrial waste water is another goal of the present work.All chemicals used in this work were obtained from Aldrich Chemicals Co. The sodium vinyl sulfonate (VS), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt (AMPS) 50% used as monomers and crosslinked with N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) as a radical initiator and activator for crosslinking polymerization at low temperatures.Inorganic nanoparticles based on magnetite were used to improve the mechanical, thermal, and magnetic properties of microporous cryogel polymer composites. Here we report the synthesis of microporous cryogel based on the crosslinked sodium vinyl sulfonate (Na-VS) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt (Na-AMPS).Sodium Vinyl Sulfonate with a wide distribution network, customers in numerous industries rely on for their supply of Sodium Vinyl Sulfonate. We have the capability and know-how as a importer, supplier, and distributor of Sodium Vinyl Sulfonate to provide your business with value-added supply chain solutions.SVS by is a sodium vinyl sulfonate (ethenesulfonic acid-sodium salt) grade. It has an olefinic bond and a reactive sulfonic acid group. This bifunctional structure makes it fit as an organic intermediate and a functional monomer in polymerization reactions. Co-polymer of SVS (sodium vinyl sulfonate) is used as a heat stabilizer for acrylic fibers for improved whiteness, stain proofing agent for nylon fibers. Also copolymer of SVS with ethyl acetate is used for manufacture of heat stable vinyl chloride containing fibers.Sodium Vinyl Sulfonate is used as a reagent for the formation of polymers and copolymers. It is also used as a brightener in Nickel and chromium baths for electo-deposition, increased throwing power and equalizing agent.Inorganic nanoparticles based on magnetite were used to improve the mechanical, thermal, and magnetic properties of microporous cryogel polymer composites. Here we report the synthesis of microporous cryogel based on the crosslinked sodium vinyl sulfonate (Na-VS) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt (Na-AMPS). Sodium Vinylsulfonate Group: Polymer Science. Cas No. 3039-83-6. Sodium Vinyl Sulfonate. CAS No. 3039-83-9 Sodium Vinyl Sulfonate Group: Polymer Science Sodium Vinylsulfonate, 25% aq. soln. Group: Polymer Science. Cas No. 3039-83-6. Sodium Vinylsulfonate (25% in Water, ca. 2.3mol/L) Group: Polymer Science. Cas No. 3039-83-6. Synonyms: Ethenesulfonicacid, sodiumsalt; ETHYLENESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT; SODIUM VINYLSULFONATE; SODIUM VINYLSULPHONATE; SODIUM ETHYLENESULFONATE; sodium ethylenesulphonate. Cas No. 3039-83-6. Formula C2H3NaO3S, weight 130.09. Laboratory Analytical Grades Available. Vinyl Sulfonate, Sodium Salt. Monomer-Polymer and Dajac Labs manufacturer of specialty monomers, polymers or copolymers. Vinyl Sulfonate, Sodium Salt Polymer 25% Aq.. CAS 25053-27-4. Monomer-Polymer and Dajac Labs manufacturer of specialty monomers, polymers or copolymers. Vinyl Sulfonate, Sodium Salt Polymer Solid. CAS 25053-27-4. Monomer-Polymer and Dajac Labs manufacturer of specialty monomers, polymers or copolymers. 4-STYRENESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT Group: Heterocyclic Organic Compound. Alternative Name: P-VINYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT;P-STYRENESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT;STYRENE-4-SULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT;SODIUM STYRENESULPHONATE;SODIUM PARA-STYRENE SULFONATE;SODIUM 4-VINYLBENZENE SULFONATE;SODIUM 4-STYRENESULFONATE;4-STYRENESULPHONIC ACID SODIUM. CAS Number: 27457-28-9. Molecular Formula C8H7NaO3S. Weight 206.19. Applications Sodium vinylsulfonate is a useful reagent (monomer) for the formation of poly(anionic) polymers and copolymers. It is employed as a basic brightener and leveling agent in nickel baths. It is also used as intermediate for organic synthesis, surfactant, pharmaceutical industry. Solubility Soluble in water. Notes Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. It is sensitive to light. Incompatible with oxidizing agents. Chemical Name or Material Sodium vinylsulfonate Density 1.18 Sensitivity Light sensitive CAS 3039-83-6 MDL Number MFCD00007520 Solubility Information Soluble in water. SMILES C=CS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+] Molecular Weight (g/mol) 130.093 Formula Weight 130.1 Concentration or Composition (by Analyte or Components) ≈25% aq. soln. Refractive Index 1.377 Quantity 100mL Molecular Formula C2H3NaO3S Synonym sodium ethenesulfonate, sodium vinylsulfonate, ethenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, sodium ethylenesulfonate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, sodium ethylenesulphonate, sodium apolate, unii-f7k3l38z7b, sodium ethenesulfonate in h2o, lyapolate sodium usan InChI Key BWYYYTVSBPRQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M IUPAC Name sodium;ethenesulfonate PubChem CID 3270262 Grade Technical

SODIUM XYLENESULFONATE N° CAS : 1300-72-7 Nom INCI : SODIUM XYLENESULFONATE Nom chimique : Sodium xylenesulphonate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 215-090-9 Ses fonctions (INCI) Hydrotrope : Augmente la solubilité d'une substance qui est peu soluble dans l'eau.

sodium xylene sulfonate; Sodium Xylenesulfonate; Sodium xylenesulphonate; Sodium dimethylbenzenesulfonate; no Cas :1300-72-7; Noms français : DIMETHYLBENZENE SULFONATE DE SODIUM; SODIUM, XYLENESULFONATE DE; Xylène sulfonate de sodium; Xylènesulfonate de sodium. Noms anglais : BENZENESULFONIC ACID, DIMETHYL-, SODIUM; BENZENESULFONIC ACID, DIMETHYL-, SODIUM SALT; Sodium dimethylbenzenesulfonate; SODIUM XYLENE SULFONATE; Sodium xylenesulfonate. Utilisation et sources d'émission. Agent dispersant. Un hydrotrope est un composé qui solubilise les composés hydrophobes dans des solutions aqueuses. Les hydrotropes sont constitués typiquement d'une partie hydrophile et d'une partie hydrophobe (comme les surfactants), mais cette dernière est généralement trop courte pour causer de l'auto-agrégation spontanée. Les hydrotropes n'ont pas de concentration critique au-delà de laquelle l'auto-agrégation a lieu, contrairement aux tensioactifs caractérisés par une concentration micellaire critique cmc (ou vésiculaire cvc). Ainsi certains hydrotropes s'auto-agrègent graduellement, avec des tailles d'agrégation qui augmentent progressivement. Cependant de nombreux hydrotropes ne semblent pas s'auto-agréger du tout, à moins de rajouter un solubilisant. Les hydrotropes sont utilisés industriellement dans la formulation de détergents pour permettre d'avoir une plus grande concentration en tensioactifs. Le paratoluènesulfonate de sodium et le xylènesulfonate de sodium sont des exemples de composés hydrotropes. Benzenesulfonic acid, dimethyl-; Benzenesulfonic acid, dimethyl-, sodium salt; sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonate; sodium 3,4-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonate; sodium 3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate; sodium xylene sulfaonate; SODIUM XYLENE SULFONATE; SODIUM XYLENE SULPHONATE; Sodium xylensulfonate; xylene sulphonic acid, sodium salt. Noms français : XYLENESULFONATE DE SODIUM 40%; XYLENESULFONATE DE SODIUM EN SOLUTION AQUEUSE 40%. Noms anglais : SODIUM XYLENE SULFONATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION; SODIUM XYLENE SULFONATE 40; SODIUM XYLENE SULPHONATE 40%; Benzenesulfonic acid, dimethyl-; Benzenesulfonic acid, dimethyl-, sodium salt; sodium (xylenes and 4-ethylbenzene)sulfonate; sodium 3,4-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonate; sodium 3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate; sodium xylene sulfaonate; SODIUM XYLENE SULFONATE; SODIUM XYLENE SULPHONATE; Sodium xylensulfonate; xylene sulphonic acid, sodium salt; Sodium xylenesulphonate. Sodium xylene sulfonate is a hydrotrope, an organic compound that increases the ability of water to dissolve molecules. Sodium xylene sulfonate is a low hazard material and risk of adverse health effects associated with both occupational and consumer use of this chemical is anticipated to be low. Sodium xylene sulfonate is used in liquid household detergents and shampoos, in degreasing compounds and printing pastes used in the textile industry. It is also a surfactant found in personal care products, primarily in shampoos, because of its ability to serve as a claritant or wetting agent that helps a formula spread more easily. Sodium xylene sulfonate is also used to extract pentosans and lignin in the paper industry, and as a glue additive in the leather industry. Sodium xylene sulfonate is used in liquid household detergents and shampoos, in degreasing compounds and printing pastes used in the textile industry in agents used to extract pentosans and lignin in the paper industry, and as a glue additive in the leather industry. When handled responsibly, the potential for eye irritation can be minimized, allowing consumers and workers to use materials containing sodium xylene sulfonate safely. 3,4-Diméthylbenzènesulfonate de sodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name] Xylenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; Sodium m-xylenesulfonate; Dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; Sodium Dimethylbenzenesulfonate; benzenesulfonic acid, 3,4-dimethyl-, sodium salt Benzenesulfonic acid, 3,4-dimethyl-, sodium salt (1:1) [ACD/Index Name] Natrium-3,4-dimethylbenzolsulfonat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] Sodium 3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate [ACD/IUPAC Name] SODIUM O-XYLENE-4-SULFONATE [1300-72-7] 116001-96-8 [RN] 215-090-9 [EINECS] 3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt 3,4-Xylenesulfonic acid, sodium salt Benzenesulfonic acid, dimethyl-, sodium salt conco sxs cyclophil sxs30 dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt EINECS 215-090-9 eltesol sx 30 hydrotrope [Wiki] MFCD00007513 mixture of isomers naxonate naxonate g PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE SODIUM richonate sxs sodium 3,4-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonate SODIUM DIMETHYLBENZENESULFONATE sodium xylene sulfonate Sodium Xylenesulfonate Sodium xylenesulfonate, technical, mixture of isomers SODIUMXYLENESULFONATE stepanate x surco sxs ultrawet 40sx UNII-G4LZF950UR xylenesulfonic acid sodium salt, mixture of isomers Xylenesulfonic acid, sodium salt

Sodium-Diethylhexyl-Sulfosuccinate What Is It? Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate, also called Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate or Sodium Docusate, is a waxy solid. It is used in the formulation of a wide variety of topical products, including bath products, blushers, body and hand preparations, foundations, shaving creams and skin-care products. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate enhances the water solubility of other cosmetic ingredients. It also helps form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and functions as a surfactant or cleansing agent. Scientific Facts: Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate, often referred to as Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, is an anionic surfactant used in a variety of applications, including cosmetics and personal-care products, over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription drugs, and as a food additive. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is classified as : Cleansing Emulsifying Hydrotrope Surfactant CAS Number 577-11-7 EINECS/ELINCS No: 209-406-4 COSING REF No: 75723 Chem/IUPAC Name: Docusate sodium Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is an anionic surfactant with a concentrated active substance content (70%) in propylene glycol (INCI name: Diethylhexyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate). It is a surfactant with limited water solubility. Due to its unique molecular structure, the product has a strong wetting effect on highly hydrophobic materials such as anthracite carbon. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is used a wetting agent. It effectively reduces interfacial tension even at low concentrations (low CMC). The presence of propylene glycol in this product increases the ignition temperature compared to solvent-based products. As a result, it is also more environmentally friendly. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate has been widely used in the textile industry, mainly in wetting formulations. This surfactant increases the effectiveness of detergents when washing fibres, applying and peeling off sizing, as a fast-acting wetting agent in the dyeing process. It is effective even at low concentrations. In mining it is used as a dust control agent for mine or transport dusts (roads in opencast mines). Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate enhances pigment dispersing properties of printer inks and improves their penetration. It is also used as a dispersant of dyes in plastics processing and hydrophobic resins. In the agrochemical industry it is used as a wetting agent for plant protection products. Additionally, it has penetrating properties which improve the rate of pesticide absorption by the plant. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate acts as an emulsifier in emulsion and suspension polymerization processes. It is a component of corrosion inhibitors. It can be used as an additive supporting dewatering of flotation concentrates during filtration and drying. In the construction industry it is a component of release additives to prevent the adhesion of freshly placed concrete to a forming surface. In concrete admixtures it is used as a wetting agent for cement grains. The product is also used in the cosmetic industry as a versatile moisturizer. In formulations of colour cosmetics it is used for the production of eye contour pencils, nail varnishes and hair sprays. Properties and applications Product advantages: effectively reduces interfacial tension and wetting angle, very strong wetting effect on hydrophobic surfaces, a safe product – due to the presence of propylene glycol and a higher flash point, increases the effectiveness of detergents during washing, very good dispersing and emulsifying properties, Applications: auxiliaries in the textile industry, component of preparations for dewatering of flotation concentrates, dust control, emulsifier in emulsion polymerisation, pigment dispersant, construction industry, component of plant protection products, a component of cosmetic formulations, printing inks. Application Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate (DOSS) can be used as an anionic surfactant: • To prepare microemulsion with sodium salt of 3-(cyclohexylamino)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid (CAPSO) for the electrophoresis detection of natural and synthetic estrogens.[4][5] • To develop reverse micelles.[6] • To enhance the electrical conductivity and cell attachment in polycaprolactone fumarate and polypyrrole (PCLF–PPy) composite materials. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is the common chemical and pharmaceutical name of the anion bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, also commonly called dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS). Salts of this anion, especially Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate sodium, are widely used in medicine as laxatives and as stool softeners, by mouth or rectally.[1] Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate sodium is on the WHO List of Essential Medicines. It is a widely available and relatively inexpensive generic medication,[6] with more than six million prescriptions in the US in 2017.[7][8] Other Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate salts with medical use include those of calcium and potassium.[2][1][3] Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate salts are also used as food additives, emulsifiers, dispersants, and wetting agents, among other uses. History Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate was patented in 1937 by Coleman R. Caryl and Alphons O. Jaeger for American Cyanamid,[4] which commercialized it for many years as a detergent under the brand name Aerosol OT. Its use for the treatment of constipation was first proposed in 1955 by James L. Wilson and David G. Dickinson,[5] and quicky popularized under the name Doxinate. Medical use Constipation The main medical use of Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate sodium is to treat constipation, acting as a laxative and stool softener. In painful anorectal conditions such as hemorrhoid and anal fissures, it can help avoid pain caused by straining during bowel movements. When administered by mouth, a bowel movement often occurs in 1 to 3 days, while rectal use may be effective within 20 minutes. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is recommended as a stool softener for children. However, its effectiveness for constipation is poorly supported by evidence. Multiple studies have found Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate to be no more effective than a placebo for improving constipation. Others have found it to be less useful for the treatment of chronic constipation than psyllium. The medication may be given to people who are receiving opioid medication, although prolonged use may cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. Other medical uses Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate sodium, when used with ear syringing, may help with earwax removal, particularly in the case of impaction.[18] Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is also used as a lubricant in the production of tablets and as an emulsifier in topical preparations and other suspensions. Precautions and contraindications Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate sodium is approved and recommended as safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is not recommended in people with appendicitis, acute abdomen, or ileus. When taken by mouth it should be ingested with plenty of water. Side effects Side effects are uncommon and typically mild,[1] and may include stomach pain, abdominal cramps or diarrhea, Efficacy decreases with long-term use, and may cause poor bowel function. Serious allergic reactions may occur with the drug. The most severe side effect of Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate, although very rare, is rectal bleeding. Interactions Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate might increase resorption of other drugs, for example, dantron (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone). Mechanism of action Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate sodium works by allowing more water to be absorbed by the stool. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate does not stay in the gastrointestinal tract, but is absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted via the gallbladder[17] after undergoing extensive metabolism. The effect of Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate may not necessarily be all due to its surfactant properties. Perfusion studies suggest that Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate inhibits fluid absorption or stimulates secretion in the portion of the small intestine known as the jejunum.[medical citation needed] Pharmaceutical brand names In the U.S., Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate sodium for pharmaceutical use is available under multiple brand names: Aqualax, Calube, Colace, Colace Micro-Enema, Correctol Softgel Extra Gentle, DC-240, Dialose, Diocto, Dioctocal, Dioctosoftez, Dioctyn, Dionex, Doc-Q-Lace, Docu Soft, Docucal, Doculax, Docusoft S, DOK, DOS, Doss-Relief, DSS, Dulcolax - Stool Softener (not to be confused with another drug marketed under the Dulcolax brand, bisacodyl, which is a stimulant laxative), Ex-Lax Stool Softener, Fleet Sof-Lax, Genasoft, Kasof, Laxa-basic, Modane Soft, Octycine-100, Pedia-Lax, Preferred Plus Pharmacy Stool Softener, Regulax SS, Sulfalax Calcium, Sur-Q-Lax, Surfak Stool Softener, and Therevac-SB. Generic preparations are also available. In the UK, Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is sold under the brand name Docusol (Typharm Ltd) and DulcoEase (Boehringer Ingelheim). In Australia, Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is sold as Coloxyl and Coloxyl with senna. In India, preparations include Laxatin by Alembic, Doslax by Raptakos Laboratories, Cellubril by AstraZeneca, and Laxicon by Stadmed. Other uses Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is used as a surfactant in a wide range of applications, often under the name Aerosol-OT.[5][23] It is unusual in that it is able to form microemulsions without the use of co-surfactants, and it has a rich variety of aqueous-phase behavior including multiple liquid crystalline phases. Food additive Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate has been approved by the US FDA as a "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) additive.[25] It is used in a variety of food products, as a surface active agent, stabilizer, thickener, wetting agent, processing aid, solubilizing agent, emulsifier, and dispersant. The highest amount found in food products is 0.5% by weight, which include pasteurized cheese spreads, cream cheeses and salad dressings.[26] The FDA also approved its use as a wetting agent or solubilizer for flavoring agents in carbonated and non-carbonated drinks at levels up to 10 parts per million. Microencapsulation Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is the most widely used surfactant in reverse micelle encapsulation studies. Non-medical brand names As a surfactant, Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate sodium is or has been commercialized under many brand names, including DSSj Aerosol OT, Alphasol OT, Colace, Complemix, Coprol, Dioctylal, Dioctyl-Medo Forte, Diotilan, Diovac, Disonate, Doxinate, Doxol, Dulsivac, Molatoc, Molofac, Nevax, Norval, Regutol, Softili, Solusol, Sulfimel DOS, Vatsol OT, Velmol, and Waxsol Chemistry Structure and properties The structural formula of the Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate anion is R−O−C(=O)−CH(SO−3)−CH2−C(=O)−O−R, where R is the 2-ethylhexyl group H3C−(CH2)3−C(−CH2−CH3)H−CH2−. The conjugate acid can be described as the twofold carboxylate ester of sulfosuccinic acid with 2-ethylhexanol. The compound is a white, wax-like, plastic solid, with an odor suggestive of octyl alcohol. It starts to decompose at about 220 °C.[28] Solubility of Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate in water is 14 g/L at 25 °C, increasing to 55 g/L at 70 °C.[28] Solubility is better in less polar solvents: 1:30 in ethanol, 1:1 in chloroform and diethylether, and practically unlimited in petroleum ether (25 °C). It also is highly soluble in glycerol, although this is a rather polar solvent. It is also highly soluble in xylene, oleic acid, acetone, diacetone alcohol, methanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, furfurol, and vegetable oils. The ester groups are easily cleaved under basic conditions, but are stable against acids. Synthesis Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate can be obtained by treating sodium bisulfite with dioctyl maleate. The bisulfite anion adds to the double bond: −CH=CH− + HSO−3 → −CH(−SO−3)−CH2− Toxicity Ingestion may cause the side effects described above, such as diarrhea, intestinal bloating, and occasionally cramping pains. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is not known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic.[29] Marine species Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is of low toxicity for crustaceans such as the hermit crab Clibanarius erythropus and the shrimp Crangon crangon. Toxicity for molluscs varies widely, with 48-hour LD50 found between 5 mg/l for the common limpet and 100 mg/l for the common periwinkle. Various species of phytoplankton have an LD50 around 8 mg/l. In a 2010 study, Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate exhibited higher toxicity against bacteria (Vibrio fischeri, Anabaena sp.) and algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) than did a number of fluorinated surfactants (PFOS, PFOA, or PFBS). Measuring bioluminescence inhibition of the bacteria and growth inhibition of the algae, the LD50 were in the range of 43–75 mg/l. Combinations of the fluorinated compounds with Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate showed mid to highly synergistic effects in most settings, meaning that such combinations are significantly more toxic than the individual substances.[30] Freshwater species The substance is highly toxic for rainbow trout with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.56 mg/l after 48 hours for the pure substance. It is only slightly to moderately toxic for rainbow trout fingerlings, and slightly toxic for harlequin rasboras (LC50 27 mg/l of a 60% formulation after 48 hours). Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is the sodium salt of docusate, a dioctyl salt and an emollient laxative with stool-softening activity. Docusate decreases surface tension and emulsification of fecal matter and allows water to penetrate and mix with stool. As a result, it softens the stool. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is an odorless colorless to white waxy solid. Sinks and mixes slowly with water. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate - SDA, REG/FS, <0.5% of wt of gums or hydrophilic colloids - As solubilizing agent for gums & hydrophilic colloids used in food as stabilizing or thickening agents - 172.810; <0.4% by wt - In cocoa for manufacturing - 163.117, 172.810; 75 ppm - In finished beverage made with cocoa with DSS - 172.520; 15 ppm in finished gelatin - Wetting agent in fumaric acid acidulated gelatin desserts, including: Dry Gelatin Desserts; 10 ppm in finished beverage or fruit juice drink - dry beverage base, and fruit juice drinks when standards of identity do not preclude such use - 172.810; 25 ppm of finished beverage - As emulsifying agent for cocoa fat in non-carbonated bev containing cocoa - do; REG, <0.5 ppm per percent of sucrose -Processing aid in mfr of sugar - 172.810 <25 ppm in final molasses - Diluents in color additives, 73.1 - Copolymer condensates of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, 172.808 Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is the sodium salt of docusate, a dioctyl salt and an emollient laxative with stool-softening activity. Docusate decreases surface tension and emulsification of fecal matter and allows water to penetrate and mix with stool. As a result, it softens the stool. Surface-Active Agents Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics. (See all compounds classified as Surface-Active Agents.) In vitro studies suggest that these salts of Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate lower the surface tension of the stool to permit water and lipids to enter more readily and thus soften the feces. ... More recent evidence indicates that they may stimulate the secretion of water and electrolytes on contact with the mucosa. Capsules of the docusate salts should be stored in tight containers at 15-30 degrees C; Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate solution should be stored in tight containers, and Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate syrup should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers. Stool softeners (ie, docusate salts) ... may enhance the absorption of many orally administered drugs. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate increases the extent of mineral oil absorption and the rate of phenolphthalein absorption. Docusate salts occasionally can cause diarrhea. Morphologic damage to the intestine has been observed in rats. They also may be hepatotoxic. /Docusate salts/ Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate's use as a wetting agent and food additive may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to soil, the expected mobility of Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is low to very high. If released to water, Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate will be essentially nonvolatile. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate has aqueous base-catalyzed hydrolysis half-lives of 243 days at pH of 8 and 6.7 years at pH of 7. Aquatic bioconcentration is not expected to be an important fate process although adsorption to sediment may be possible. Several studies have shown that Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate biodegrades rapidly. If released to the atmosphere, Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate will exist primarily in the particulate phase. In the vapor phase, it will degrade in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 18 hrs. Physical removal from air can occur through wet and dry deposition. Exposure to Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate can occur through dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate's use as a wetting agent(1) and food additive(2) could result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). When dissolved in aqueous solutions, Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate will have soil mobility ranging from low to very high(3) based on estimated Koc values ranging from 9.37 to 1041(1,2). Several studies have shown that Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate biodegrades rapidly(4-8). Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is essentially nonvolatile from water based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5X10-12 atm cu m/mol(1,2,SRC). Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate has estimated aqueous base-catalyzed hydrolysis half-lives of 243 days at pH of 8 and 6.7 years at pH of 7(3,SRC). Aquatic bioconcentration is not expected to be an important fate process although adsorption to sediment may be possible based on Koc values of 9.37 to 1041(4,2,SRC). Several studies have shown that Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate biodegrades rapidly(5-9). For example, a river die-away screen test of river water demonstrated that Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate biodegraded 95% (12 days), 91% (12 days), 91% (17 days), 97.3% (6 days), and 97.7% (3 days), at concentrations of 12.9, 4.5, 3.3, 11.3, and 12.9 ppm, respectively, with a lag period of 6 days(5). Based on an estimated vapor pressure of approximately 2.17X10-11 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate will exist primarily in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere(2). In the vapor phase, it will degrade in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 18 hrs(3). Physical removal of particulate Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate from air is likely to occur through wet and dry deposition(SRC). In a river die-away screen test of river water, Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate biodegraded 95% (12 days), 91% (12 days), 91% (17 days), 97.3% (6 days), and 97.7% (3 days), at concentrations of 12.9, 4.5, 3.3, 11.3, and 12.9 ppm, respectively, with a lag period of 6 days(1). This study also conducted a sterile control in which there was 9% loss of Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate(1). A BOD test of aerobic activated sludge biodegraded Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate 80-95% after 8 hours from initial concentrations of 2-13 ppm with a 5-7 week lag(2). This same study tested sewage in the same manner and obtained 60-80% biodegradation of Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate after a 3-9 week lag(2). A study using DOC found that Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate (40 ppm) biodegraded 83% after 20 days in aerobic sewage(3). In an aerobic closed bottle screening study using activated sludge and soil inoculum, 100 mg/l Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate had a 4 week theoretical BOD of 0-9%(4). With 1 mg added to 10 ml sediment, Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate biodegraded 55-94% in river sediments, 8% in sand, and 13% in clay after 3 days(5). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be approximately 21.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 18 hours at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Aqueous base-catalyzed hydrolysis (at 25 °C) is estimated as 0.03 l/mol-sec which corresponds to half-lives of 243 days at pH of 8 and 6.7 years at pH of 7(2,SRC). Based upon an experimental water solubility of 71,000 mg/l(1), the BCF of Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate can be estimated to be approximately 1.13 from a regression-derived equation(2). The BCF for Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate has also been experimentally determined to be <0.9 at 0.5 mg/l and < 9.3 at 0.05 mg/l for a 6 week duration(1). Based on these BCF values, bioconcentration is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indexes, the Koc for Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate can be estimated to be about 1041(1). The Koc for Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate can be estimated to be about 9.37 based on an estimated water solubility of 71000 mg/L(3) and a regression derived equation(2). According to a suggested classification scheme(4), these estimated Koc values suggest that Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate soil mobility is low to very high. The Henry's Law constant for Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate can be estimated to be 5X10-12 atm-cu m/mole using a structure estimation method(1). This value of Henry's Law constant indicates that Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is essentially nonvolatile from water(2). Detergents and food additives, such as Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate, can be absorbed into the body by three routes: dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion(1). NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 139,699 workers are potentially exposed to Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate in the USA(2). Wetting Agents (Stool Softeners and Lubricants) Docusate sodium (Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate) and docusate calcium (dioctyl calcium sulfosuccinate) act like detergents and are used to soften the stool when it is desirable to lessen the discomfort or the strain of defecation. These drugs are anionic surfactants that produce their effect by reducing the surface tension and allowing intestinal fluids and fatty substances to penetrate the fecal mass. They usually require 1 to 3 days to exert their full effect if used alone, but they may be combined with other laxatives in OTC preparations. These agents are not believed to interfere with the absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract, and they are not appreciably absorbed. Docusate is frequently recommended for elderly patients because it is associated with so few side effects. Diarrhea and mild abdominal cramps are the only adverse effects reported. Mineral oil (liquid petrolatum) may be considered with the surface-active agents because it also softens the stool. Mineral oil acts as a lubricant and coats the intestinal contents, preventing the absorption of fecal water. It produces a cathartic action in 6 to 8 hours after oral administration and 5 to 15 minutes if given rectally. Its use is attended by several potential hazards not associated with the other agents. Prolonged oral use or administration with meals can reduce the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Lipid pneumonia can result from the accidental aspiration of the oil. Mineral oil is absorbed to a limited extent from the intestinal tract; its use with a wetting agent (docusate), which could increase its absorption, is contraindicated. Significant absorption of mineral oil may occur if used repeatedly. The seepage of oil through the anal sphincter may occur and produce pruritus ani or other perianal conditions. Laxatives and Stool Softeners Before any treatment regimen is begun, the bowel must be cleared initially if there is gross constipation. This can be achieved by using a stool softener such as docusate sodium (formerly Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate) initially, followed by agents such as senna or sodium picosulfate to produce evacuation. Enemas and manual evacuation are occasionally required at this stage. After the initial colonic emptying is produced, the regular use of stool softeners and addition of extra fluid and fiber to the diet are required. In children, fruit and green fiber are better than large amounts of bran. Other stool softeners include lactulose and the bulking agent methylcellulose. Regular emptying is established with laxatives such as senna, bisacodyl (Dulcolax), and sodium picosulfate. It is important that laxatives be used for a sufficiently long period, usually 1 year or longer in children with idiopathic constipation. Uses Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is used to treat occasional constipation. Some medications and conditions can make constipation more likely. Stool softeners such as docusate are often the first method used for preventing and treating this type of constipation. Docusate is often used when straining to have a bowel movement should be avoided (e.g., after a heart attack or surgery).Docusate is a stool softener. It works by increasing the amount of water the stool absorbs in the gut, making the stool softer and easier to pass. How to use Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate Follow all directions on the product package unless otherwise directed by your doctor. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Take Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate by mouth, usually at bedtime with a full glass (8 ounces or 240 milliliters) of water or juice, or as directed by your doctor. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. Decrease your dose or stop taking Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate if you develop diarrhea. If you are using the liquid form of Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate, measure the dose carefully using a special measuring device/spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. If you are using the drops, measure the medication with the dropper provided, or use a dose-measuring spoon or device to make sure you have the correct dose. Mix the syrup, liquid or drops in 4 to 8 ounces of fruit juice, milk or infant formula to prevent throat irritation and mask a bitter taste. Use Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate only when needed. Do not use this product for more than 1 week unless directed by your doctor. WHAT IS Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate AND HOW DOES IT WORK? Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is used to treat occasional constipation. Some medications and conditions can make constipation more likely. Stool softeners such as Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate are often the first method used for preventing and treating this type of constipation. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is often used when straining to have a bowel movement should be avoided (e.g., after a heart attack or surgery). Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is a stool softener. It works by increasing the amount of water the stool absorbs in the gut, making the stool softer and easier to pass. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate is available under the following different brand names: Colace, DSS, Albert Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate, Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate Calcium, Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate sodium, DulcoEase, Phillips Liqui Gels, Silace, and Soflax. WHAT ARE SIDE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH USING Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate? Side effects of Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinateinclude: Abdominal cramping Stomach pain Diarrhea Excessive bowel activity Intestinal obstruction Throat irritation Rash Low electrolyte levels (excessive use) Dependence (excessive use) This document does not contain all possible side effects and others may occur. Check with your physician for additional information about side effects. WHAT OTHER DRUGS INTERACT WITH Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate? If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with your doctor, health care provider or pharmacist first. Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate has no known severe, serious, or moderate interactions with other drugs. Mild interactions of Sodium-diethylhexyl-sulfosuccinate include: mineral oil This information does not contain all possible interactions or adverse effects. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share this information with your doctor and pharmacist. Check with your health care professional or doctor for additional medical advice, or if you have health questions, concerns or for more information about this medicine.

SYNONYMS beta- alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-n-dodecyl-, monosodium salt;beta-alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-n-dodecyl-, sodium salt (1:1);amphosol 160C-30;N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-beta-alanine, monosodium salt;N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-β-alanine, monosodium salt;deriphat 160C;N-lauryl-beta-iminodipropionic acid, sodium salt;sodium N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-alpha-alaninate;sodium N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-beta-alaninate;sodium N-lauryl-beta-iminodipropionate;sodium;3-[2-carboxyethyl(dodecyl)amino]propanoate CAS NO: 14960-06-6

Sodium triphosphate; Triphosphoric acid pentasodium salt; Sodium Phosphate Tripoly; STPP; Tripolyphosphate de sodium; Pentasodium triphosphate; Pentasodium Tripolyphosphate; Natriumtripolyphosphat; Pentanatriumtriphosphat (German); Trifosfato de pentasodio (Spanish); Triphosphate de pentasodium (French) cas no: 7758-29-4

Synonyms: Sodium acetate anhydrous, 99.99% metals basis;Sodium acetate anhydrous, GR,99.9%;SODIUM ACETATE ANHYD PWD;food grade sodium acetate;Sodium Acetate, Anhydrous, Molecular Biology Grade - CAS 127-09-3 - Calbiochem;Sodium acetate anhydrous, AR,99.0%;SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS CELL CULTUR;Sodium acetate anhydrous for analysis EMSURE ACS,Reag. Ph Eur cas : 127-09-3

cas no 7758-29-4 Sodium triphosphate; Triphosphoric acid pentasodium salt; Sodium Phosphate Tripoly; STPP; Tripolyphosphate de sodium; Pentasodium triphosphate; Pentasodium Tripolyphosphate; Natriumtripolyphosphat; Pentanatriumtriphosphat (German); Trifosfato de pentasodio (Spanish); Triphosphate de pentasodium (French);

cas no 1300-72-7 Xylenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; Sodium m-xylenesulfonate; Dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; Sodium Dimethylbenzenesulfonate;

Diphosphoric acid disodium salt; disodium pytophosphate; DSPP; SAPP; Sodium pyrophosphate dibasic; disodiumdiphosphate; pyrophosphoricacid,disodiumsalt CAS NO: 7758-16-9

SYNONYMS Sodium Polymannuronate; Algin; Manucol; Kelgin; Manutex; Minus; Halltex; Protanal; Kelgum; Kelcosol; Nouralgine; Tagat; CAS NO. 9005-38-3

Baking soda; Sodium acid carbonate; Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate; Carbonic acid monosodium salt; carbonic acid sodium salt (1:1); monosodium hydrogen carbonate; monosodium carbonate; meylon; Bicarbonate of soda CAS NO: 144-55-8

SODIUM BISULFITE Sodium hydrogen sulfite Sodium bisulphite sodium hydrogensulfite Sodium sulhydrate Monosodium sulfite Sulfurous acid, monosodium salt Hydrogen sodium sulfite Hydrogen sulfite sodium Sodium hydrosulfite(DOT) Sodium bisulfite (1:1) Sodium sulfite (NaHSO3) Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) Bisulfite de sodium [French] Fr-62 NaHSO3 Liquid of Sodium bisulfite EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 078201 Sodium hydrogensulphite (aqueous solution) Sodium hydrogen sulfite, solution Sulfurous acid, sodium salt (1:1) Sodium hydrogen sulfite solution (45% or less) Sodium bisulfite, ACS reagent, powder sodium hydrogensulphite sodium hydrogen sulphite sodiumbisulfit CAS Number: 7631-90-5

Sodium hydrogen sulfate; Sodium acid sulfate; Bisulfate of soda CAS NO:7681-38-1; CAS NO:10034-88-5 (monohydrate)

Baking soda; Sodium acid carbonate; Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate; Carbonic acid monosodium salt; carbonic acid sodium salt (1:1); monosodium hydrogen carbonate; monosodium carbonate; meylon; Bicarbonate of soda CAS NO: 144-55-8

sodium C14-16 olefin sulfonate, Cas : 68439-57-6, SODIUM C14-16 OLEFIN SULFONATE, N° CAS : 68439-57-6, Nom INCI : SODIUM C14-16 OLEFIN SULFONATE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 270-407-8/931-534-0, Classification : Tensioactif anionique, un agent de surface anionique hautement actif à vaporiser, offrant d’excellentes propriétés de mouillage, moussantes et détergentes. Il est utilisé dans un certain nombre d’applications ménagères, de soins personnels et de nettoyage industriel, notamment des shampooings, des savons liquides pour les mains, des produits pour le bain, le contrôle des poussières, le béton et les mousses anti-incendie, ainsi que dans des concentrés en suspension, les suspo-émulsions et les granulés destinés aux applications agricoles.Cet ingrédient est utilisé dans les cosmétiques en tant que tensioactif anionique, il produit une mousse abondante. Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre, Agent moussant : Capture des petites bulles d'air ou d'autres gaz dans un petit volume de liquide en modifiant la tension superficielle du liquide Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation.Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts. EC 270-407-8: SULPHONIC ACIDS, C14-16-ALKANE HYDROXY AND C14-16-ALKENE, SODIUM SALTS; Sodium alpha olefin (C14-16) sulphonate; Sodium C14-16 Olefin sulfonate; Sulfonic acids, C14-16 (even numbered)-alkane hydroxy and C14-16 (even numbered)-alkene, sodium salts; SULPHONIC ACIDS, C14-16-ALKANE HYDROXY AND C14-16-ALKENE, SODIUM SALTS; AOS; Olefine sulphonate; Sodium (C14-16) olefin sulfonate; SODIUM (C14-C16) OLEFIN SULFONATE; sodium, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene sulphonate; Sulfonic acid, C14-16-alkane and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts; Sulfonic acids, C14-16 (even numbered)-alkane hydroxy and C14-16 (even numbered)-alkene, sodium salts; Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkene, sodium salts; Sulphonic Acids, C14-16 - Alkane hydroxy C14-16 -Alkene, sodium salt, alfa olefin sülfonat, olefin sülfonat, olefinsülfonat

sodium carbonate; Carbonic acid, disodium salt; disodium carbonate; Sodium carbonate; Carbonic acid disodium salt; Crystol carbonate; Bisodium carbonate; Carbonic acid sodium salt; Disodium carbonate; Na-X; Soda; Soda ash; Sodium carbonate (2:1); Soda Ash; Washing soda; Trona; cas no: 497-19-8

SYNONYMS Carbonic acid, disodium salt; disodium carbonate; Sodium carbonate; Carbonic acid disodium salt; Crystol carbonate; Bisodium carbonate; Carbonic acid sodium salt; Disodium carbonate; Na-X; Soda; Soda ash; Sodium carbonate (2:1); Soda Ash; Washing soda; Trona; CAS NO. 497-19-8

Common salt; Halite; Rock salt; Saline; Table salt; Regular salt; Sea salt CAS:7647-14-5

monawetmo-70 monawetmo-70rp monawetmo-84r2w PenetratingagentT Rapid Penetrant T di-secovtyl naleate DICAPRYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE sodiumdi-n-octylsulfosuccinate di-n-octylsodiumsulfosuccinate Sodiosulfosuccinic acid dioctyl dioktylestersulfojantaranusodneho Sodium diethylhexyl sulfosuccinate 2-(Sodiosulfo)succinic acid dioctyl sodium di-sec-octyl maleace sulfonate succinicacid,sulfo-,dioctylester,sodiumsalt sulfosuccinicacid1,4-dioctylestersodiumsalt 2-(Sodiooxysulfonyl)butanedioic acid dioctyl (Sodiooxysulfonyl)succinic acid dioctyl ester 2-Sulfosuccinic acid 1,4-dioctyl 2-sodium salt succinicacid,sulfo-,1,4-dioctylester,sodiumsalt Butanedioicacid,sulfo-,1,4-dioctylester,sodiumsalt 2-(Sodiooxysulfonyl)butanedioic acid dioctyl ester Butanedioic acid,2-sulfo-, 1,4-dioctyl ester, sodiuM salt (1:1) CAS No. 1639-66-3

Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate; Carbam-S; SDDC; Dimethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt; Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt; Methyl namate; N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt; N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt; Sodam; Sodium N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate; Sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate; Sodium dimethylaminecarbodithioate; Sodium dimethylaminocarbodithioate; Sodium dimethylcarbamodithioate; Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate; Thiostop N CAS:128-04-1

Sodium Dichromate; Dichromic acid disodium aalt dihydrate; Sodium dichromate dihydrate; Disodium dichromate dihydrate; Sodium dichromate; Natriumdichromat (German); Dicromato de sodio; Dichromate de sodium cas no: 7789-12-0

SYNONYMS Disodium Difluoride; Floridine; Florocid; Villiaumite; Sodium Hydrofluoride; Sodium Monofluoride; Trisodium Trifluoride; Alcoa Sodium Fluoride; Cavi-trol; Chemifluor; Fluorident; Fluorigard; Credo; Duraphat; Cas no: 7681-49-4

Rongalit® ; Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate hydrate; Sodium Hydroxy Metahnesulfinate; Sodium Methanal Sulfoxylate CAS NO: 149-44-0

NAS2;anhydre;sodiummercaptan;SODIUM BISULFIDE;SODIUMBISULPHIDE;sodiummercaptide;SODIUMSULPHYDRATE;SODIUMULFHYDRATE;hidrosulfurosodics;Sodium sulfohydrate CAS NO: 16721-80-5

Phosphinic acid, sodium salt; sodium monophosphate; Hypophosphorous Acid Monosodium Salt; Natriumhypophosphit (German); Phosphinic Acid Monosodium Salt; Sodium Phosphinate; Fosfinato de sodio (Spanish); Phosphinate de sodium (French) CAS NO : 7681-53-0

SODIUM IODIDE, N° CAS : 7681-82-5, Nom INCI : SODIUM IODIDE; Nom chimique : Sodium iodide; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-679-3. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes; Noms français : Iodure de sodium; Iodure de sodium anhydre; Sodium iodide, anhydrous; Sodium iodine ; Sodium monoiodide; Sodium monoiodine; Sodium, iodure de. Noms anglais : Anhydrous sodium iodide; Sodium iodide. Utilisation: L'iodure de sodium est utilisé notamment : en photographie , comme expectorant dans les médicaments pour la toux, dans la synthèse de produits organiques; Iodure de sodium; Ioduril; Jodid sodny; Natrii iodidum; Natriumjodid; Sodium iodide; Sodium iodide (NaI); Sodium monoiodide; Soiodin; Natriumiodid; sodio ioduro; sodium iodde; Sodium iodide; NaI; sodium;iodide; 231-679-3 [EINECS]; 7681-82-5 [RN]; Iodure de sodium [French] ; Natriumiodid [German] ; Sodium iodide ; SODIUM MONOIODIDE; 41927-88-2 [RN]; 59216-98-7 [RN]; 61456-04-0 [RN]; 7790-26-3 [RN]; Anayodin; hydriodic acid sodium salt; iodosodium ; Ioduril; Jodid sodny [Czech]; MFCD00003532 [MDL number]; NaI; NaI231-679-3MFCD00003532; Natrii iodidum; Natriumjodid [German]; Sodium iodide, 99%; Sodium iodide, ACS grade ; Sodium iodide, Trace metals grade; Sodiumiodide; Soiodin; WLN: NA I; 碘化钠 [Chinese]

Sodium Laureth Sulfate; Soudium POE(2) Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Soudium Diethylene Glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate; 2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy)Ethyl Sodium Sulfate; Diethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauristyl Diglycol Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauryl Diethylene Glycol Ether Sulfonate Sodium; Sodium Lauryl Alcohol Diglycol Ether Sulfate; Sodiumlaurylglycolether cas no: 3088-31-1

Sodium phosphinate; Hypophosphite; fosfornansodny; Sodiumphosphinite; Natriumphosphinat; Sodium hypophosphite CAS NO:10039-56-2

(C10-C16) Alcohol ethoxylate sulfated sodium salt; SLES; sodium dodecyl sulfate-ethoxyethane (1:1:1); Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (AES) ,Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate, SLES, Sodium Alcohol Ether Sulfate, AES cas:68585-34-2

sodium lauryl sarcosinate; Sarkosyl; n-lauroylsarcosine, sodium salt; N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycine, sodium salt; Sodium n-Lauriyl Sarcosinate; Natrium-N-lauroylsarkosinat (German); N-Lauroilsarcosinato de sodio (Spanish); N-Lauroylsarcosinate de sodium (French); cas no: 137-16-6

Lignin Sodium Sulfonate, Sodium Ligninsulfonate; Lignosulfonic acid, sodium salt; Lignosulfonic acid, sodium salt CAS :8061-51-6

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est un composé aromatique substitué.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est une poudre cristalline jaunâtre soluble dans l'eau.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être produit par sulfonation du nitrobenzène suivie de l'ajout de sels communs au mélange réactionnel.

Numéro CAS: 127-68-4
Formule moléculaire: C6H4NNaO5S
Poids moléculaire: 225.15
Numéro EINECS: 204-857-3

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans l'impression textile, l'aminoanhtraquinone, la galvanoplastie, la synthèse de produits chimiques de finition textile.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est classé comme agent anti-réducteur dans une publication plus récente.
Le métanitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium, également connu sous le nom d'acide méta-nitrobenzènesulfonique de sodium ou de métanitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium monohydraté, est un composé chimique de formule moléculaire C6H4 (NO2) SO3Na.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est principalement utilisé comme intermédiaire dans la production de divers colorants et pigments.
Il est couramment utilisé dans la synthèse de colorants acides, qui sont largement utilisés dans l'industrie textile pour teindre la laine, la soie et le nylon.
Il peut également être utilisé comme réactif dans les réactions de synthèse organique pour introduire le groupe acide nitrobenzènesulfonique dans d'autres composés.

En raison de son groupe acide sulfonique, le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est très soluble dans l'eau et possède des propriétés acides.
Il peut être utilisé comme régulateur de pH ou agent tampon dans certaines applications.
En outre, il peut être utilisé comme inhibiteur de corrosion ou stabilisant dans les processus chimiques.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut également être utilisé comme agent réparateur sur les tissus à motifs et les fonds blancs.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate in Dye Intermediate Production Chemicals Manufacturing for Electroplating in Textile Printing est un colorant primaire intermédiaire utilisé dans l'industrie des pigments et de la galvanoplastie.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans la fabrication de textiles, de cuir ou de fourrure.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est un colorant intermédiaire essentiel utilisé pour la synthèse de l'aminée anthraquinone.
Produits chimiques de fabrication d'impression textile pour le revêtement galvanique.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est également utilisé comme constructeur pour le revêtement galvanique et comme aide à la teinture des tissus.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est un ingrédient soluble dans l'eau utilisé comme additif chimique dans les teintures capillaires et les teintures capillaires.
Il a été utilisé comme ingrédient de base dans les colorants et les produits de coloration capillaire semi-permanents.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est largement utilisé dans l'industrie des détergents.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonatee de sodium est constitué d'un cycle benzénique (C6H4) auquel est attaché un groupe nitro (-NO2) et un groupe acide sulfonique (-SO3H).
L'ion sodium (Na+) est présent pour équilibrer la charge négative du groupe sulfonate.

Le métanitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium peut être préparé par nitration de l'acide métanitrobenzènesulfonique avec un mélange d'acide nitrique et d'acide sulfurique.
Le produit résultant est ensuite neutralisé avec de l'hydroxyde de sodium pour former le sel de sodium.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est classé comme agent anti-réducteur dans une publication plus récente.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est un ingrédient soluble dans l'eau utilisé comme additif chimique dans les teintures capillaires et les teintures capillaires.
Il a été utilisé comme ingrédient de base dans les colorants et les produits de coloration capillaire semi-permanents.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être produit par sulfonation du nitrobenzène suivie de l'ajout de sels communs au mélange réactionnel.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est le tensioactif synthétique le plus volumineux en raison de son coût relativement faible, de ses bonnes performances, de son séchage en poudre stable et de son respect de l'environnement biodégradable.
Intermédiaire pour les colorants, Agent oxydant pour la galvanoplastie, Auxiliaire pour l'impression de tissus.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est un intermédiaire important dans la synthèse des colorants acides.
Les colorants acides sont utilisés pour colorer les fibres protéiques telles que la laine, la soie et le nylon.
Ils ont une bonne affinité pour ces fibres et peuvent former des liaisons fortes, ce qui donne des couleurs vives et durables.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être utilisé comme réactif en synthèse organique pour introduire le groupe acide nitrobenzènesulfonique dans d'autres molécules.
Ce groupe fonctionnel peut modifier les propriétés des composés organiques et les rendre adaptés à des applications spécifiques.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est de nature acide en raison de la présence du groupe acide sulfonique.
Par conséquent, il peut être utilisé comme régulateur de pH ou agent tampon dans divers procédés et formulations chimiques.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est parfois utilisé comme inhibiteur de corrosion pour protéger les surfaces métalliques de la dégradation causée par des réactions chimiques avec des substances telles que les acides ou l'oxygène.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est un colorant intermédiaire essentiel utilisé pour la synthèse de l'aminée anthraquinone.
Produits chimiques de fabrication d'impression textile pour le revêtement galvanique.
Dans les industries chimique, électrique/électronique, photographique et textile (coloration, galvanoplastie, fixation, oxydant et tensioactif).

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être utilisé comme agent anti-blanchiment dans l'impression par résistance des colorants de cuve; Remplissage de protecteur de lumière coloré et de colorants réactifs en impression.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans la synthèse de la quinoléine.
Il est également utilisé dans Stabilisant pour la teinture des fibres; assistant à l'impression de décharge; Agent oxydant dans les démétalliseurs et les nettoyants industriels.

Point de fusion : 350 °C
Point d'ébullition : 217,5°C
Densité: 0,45 g/cm3 (20 °C)
pression de vapeur: 10.3Pa à 25°C
Point d'éclair: 100 °C
température de stockage : Conserver à une température inférieure à +30 °C.
solubilité : eau : soluble50mg/mL, limpide à légèrement brumeuse, légèrement jaune à jaune
forme: Poudre cristalline
pka: 0[à 20 °C]
couleur: jaune clair
PH : 8 (50g/l, H2O, 23°C)
Solubilité dans l'eau : 200 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensible : Hygroscopique
BRN : 3639982
Stabilité: Stable. Hygroscopique. Incompatible avec les agents oxydants forts.
InChIKey: LJRGBERXYNQPJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP : -2,61 à 25°C

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est également utilisé dans le stabilisant pour la teinture des fibres; assistant en gravure à l'eau-forte; agent oxydant dans les décapants de métaux et les nettoyants industriels.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est très soluble dans l'eau.
Cette propriété le rend adapté à diverses applications à base d'eau.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est généralement stable dans des conditions normales.
Cependant, il peut se décomposer à haute température ou en présence d'acides ou de bases forts.
Il est important de stocker et de manipuler le composé de manière appropriée pour maintenir sa stabilité.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est compatible avec une gamme d'autres produits chimiques et matériaux.
Cependant, il est toujours conseillé d'effectuer des tests de compatibilité lorsque vous envisagez son utilisation dans des formulations ou des applications spécifiques.

Comme d'autres produits chimiques, le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium doit être manipulé de manière responsable afin de minimiser son impact sur l'environnement.
Il doit être éliminé conformément aux réglementations et directives locales.
En tant que composé chimique, le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être soumis à diverses réglementations et restrictions dans différentes juridictions.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est essentiel pour se conformer aux lois et règlements applicables concernant sa production, sa manipulation, son stockage et son utilisation.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut également être appelé 3-nitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium, m-nitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium ou acide m-nitrobenzènesulfonique de sodium.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé comme intermédiaire pour les colorants et les azurants fluorescents.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé comme constructeur pour le revêtement galvanique et comme aide à la teinture des tissus.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé pour les tissus en coton avec des fils à effet de couleur bateau et l'impression par abrasion embarquée sur des sols teints avec des colorants directs pour coton.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est une substance soluble dans l'eau utilisée comme additif chimique dans les teintures capillaires et les teintures capillaires.
stabilisant pour la teinture des fibres; assistant en gravure à l'eau-forte; agent oxydant dans les décapants de métaux et les nettoyants industriels.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé comme agent résistant pour la teinture et l'impression, évitant ainsi la formation de stries.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium (sel de sodium de l'acide 3-nitrobenzènesulfonique) a été utilisé dans la synthèse de la quinoléine.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium utilisé comme catalyseur est également un intermédiaire colorant, utilisé comme inhibiteur de teinture pour les peintures de bateaux, les colorants au soufre et les colorants.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut également être utilisé comme inhibiteur de rouille et agent de nickelage pour les navires.
galvanique.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans la formulation ou le reconditionnement et dans les installations industrielles.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans les produits de finition textile et les colorants.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans les produits suivants : produits de traitement de surface métallique, produits de purification du cuir, produits de traitement de surface non métalliques, régulateurs de pH et produits de traitement de l'eau, produits chimiques de laboratoire, produits de finition textile et peintures, produits de soudage et de brasage.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé comme additif chimique dans les teintures et les colorations capillaires.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est également utilisé dans le stabilisant pour la teinture des fibres; assistant en gravure à l'eau-forte; agent oxydant dans les décapants de métaux et les nettoyants industriels.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans la synthèse de la quinoléine.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium a été utilisé comme ingrédient de base dans les produits de coloration capillaire semi-permanents.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé pour les tissus en coton avec des fils à effet de couleur bateau et l'impression par abrasion embarquée sur des sols teints avec des colorants directs pour coton.
Ajout de métanitrobenzène de sodium dans le processus de mercerisation de produits contenant des fils colorés à effet.
Le sulfonate en liqueur mercerisée empêche la réduction de la matière colorante avec des résidus dimensionnels et d'autres impuretés.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est également utilisé comme constructeur pour le revêtement galvanique et comme aide à la teinture des tissus.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans la synthèse de la quinoléine.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium a été utilisé comme ingrédient de base dans les produits de coloration capillaire semi-permanents.

Agents de finition Pigments Revêtements et agents de traitement de surface Auxiliaires technologiques non énumérés ailleurs Solvants (qui font partie de la formulation ou du mélange du produit) décapage du nickel, galvanoplastie.
Secteurs de transformation industrielle Tous les autres produits chimiques organiques de base Fabrication de matériel, d'appareils et de composants électriques Fabrication de produits métalliques Fabrication de peintures et de revêtements Métal primaire.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans les produits suivants : régulateurs de pH et produits de traitement de l'eau, produits et colorants textiles, produits de traitement de surface non métalliques, produits de traitement de surface métallique, produits chimiques de laboratoire, produits de soudage et de brasage et produits de travail du cuir.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé comme additif spécial dans la galvanoplastie du nickel.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé comme constructeur pour le revêtement galvanique et comme aide à la teinture des tissus.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans la synthèse de la quinoléine.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé comme dissolvant de nickel dans l'industrie de la galvanoplastie, comme agent résistant en peinture.

Le métanitro benzène sulfonate de sodium est un réactif utilisé dans la synthèse des cétoliques azétidinyl pour le traitement des patients sensibles et sensibles.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans les laboratoires dans le cadre de procédures expérimentales.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être un élément important des réactions chimiques, des réactifs analytiques ou de l'initiation.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate, divers intermédiaires pour les colorants, agent oxydant pour la galvanoplastie, auxiliaire pour l'impression de tissus et plus encore.

Utilise
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est un réactif dans la synthèse des cétoliques d'azétidinyl pour le traitement des infections des voies respiratoires communautaires sensibles et multirésistantes.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est principalement utilisé comme intermédiaire dans la production de colorants acides.
Les colorants acides sont largement utilisés dans l'industrie textile pour teindre les fibres protéiques telles que la laine, la soie et le nylon.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être utilisé comme réactif dans les réactions de synthèse organique.
Le groupe Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate qu'il contient peut être introduit dans d'autres composés organiques pour modifier leurs propriétés ou créer de nouvelles molécules avec les caractéristiques souhaitées.

Le métanitro benzène sulfonate de sodium est largement utilisé dans l'industrie textile pour la production de colorants acides.
Les colorants acides sont utilisés pour colorer les fibres naturelles et synthétiques, y compris la laine, la soie, le nylon et l'acrylique.
Ces colorants ont une excellente solidité des couleurs et résistent au lavage et à l'exposition à la lumière.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans la formulation d'encres et de matériaux d'impression.
Il fournit des couleurs vives et vives pour l'impression sur divers substrats, y compris le papier, les textiles et les plastiques.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est également utilisé dans l'industrie du cuir pour la teinture et la finition des produits en cuir.

Le Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate aide à donner de la couleur et améliore les propriétés de solidité des colorants utilisés dans la teinture du cuir.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être utilisé dans les procédés de traitement de l'eau comme agent réducteur ou modificateur chimique.
Il peut aider à éliminer les métaux lourds et les polluants des systèmes d'eau.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé comme réactif dans la recherche chimique et les laboratoires à diverses fins, y compris la synthèse organique, l'analyse et la caractérisation des composés.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans l'industrie photographique comme composant dans le développement de solutions.
Il aide à développer et à fixer des tirages photographiques en contrôlant les réactions chimiques qui produisent l'image finale.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être utilisé dans les applications de nettoyage des métaux et de traitement de surface.
Il aide à éliminer les impuretés et l'oxydation des surfaces métalliques, les préparant pour un traitement ou un revêtement ultérieur.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être utilisé dans l'industrie des polymères comme additif ou agent modificateur.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut améliorer les performances et les propriétés des polymères, y compris leur solubilité, leur stabilité ou leur teinture.
En raison de sa nature acide, le métanitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium peut être utilisé comme régulateur de pH ou agent tampon dans divers processus chimiques.
Il aide à maintenir un niveau de pH stable ou à prévenir les changements drastiques du pH pendant les réactions.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être utilisé dans la formulation d'adhésifs et de produits d'étanchéité.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium aide à améliorer les propriétés de liaison et la résistance à l'adhérence de ces matériaux.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans les procédés d'impression textile.

Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate agit comme un révélateur de couleur, aidant à fixer et à améliorer la coloration des motifs imprimés sur les tissus.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans l'industrie papetière comme colorant et colorant pour les papiers spéciaux, tels que le papier de soie, le papier décoratif et les matériaux d'emballage.
Il fournit des couleurs vives et améliore l'attrait visuel des produits en papier.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être trouvé dans certains produits cosmétiques et de soins personnels, y compris les teintures capillaires et les formulations de soins capillaires.
Sodium Meta Nitro Benzene Sulfonate fonctionne comme un colorant et aide à obtenir les couleurs de cheveux désirées.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé comme agent de coloration dans les techniques de coloration biologique et histologique.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium aide à visualiser et à différencier les structures cellulaires au microscope.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium a été étudié pour ses propriétés antimicrobiennes potentielles.
Il peut avoir des applications dans le développement d'agents antimicrobiens à diverses fins, y compris la désinfection et la conservation.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est utilisé dans les laboratoires de recherche et développement à diverses fins expérimentales, telles que les réactions chimiques, la synthèse de nouveaux composés et l'étude de la cinétique de réaction.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être utilisé dans les revêtements à base d'eau, tels que les peintures et les vernis.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être utilisé comme étalon de référence ou réactif dans les méthodes de chimie analytique, y compris la spectrophotométrie et la chromatographie.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être utilisé comme inhibiteur de corrosion pour protéger les surfaces métalliques contre la dégradation causée par des réactions chimiques avec des substances telles que les acides ou l'oxygène.
Il forme une couche protectrice sur la surface métallique, réduisant la corrosion et prolongeant la durée de vie des composants métalliques.

Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être utilisé dans les techniques de chimie analytique, telles que la spectrophotométrie, pour déterminer la concentration de certaines substances dans les solutions.
Il peut agir comme un réactif colorimétrique ou un étalon à des fins d'étalonnage.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut être utilisé comme composant dans certaines formulations pharmaceutiques, comme additif dans les bains de galvanoplastie ou comme intermédiaire dans la synthèse d'autres produits chimiques spécialisés.

Dangers pour la santé :
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut provoquer une irritation de la peau par contact direct.
Un contact prolongé ou répété avec le composé peut entraîner des rougeurs, des démangeaisons et une dermatite possible.

Le contact avec le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut provoquer une irritation des yeux, entraînant des rougeurs, des larmoiements et de l'inconfort.
Une protection oculaire appropriée doit être portée lors de la manipulation du composé.

Dangers liés à l'inhalation
L'inhalation de poussières ou de particules aérosolisées de métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut provoquer une irritation respiratoire.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est important pour travailler dans des endroits bien ventilés ou utiliser une protection respiratoire appropriée lors de la manipulation du composé sous forme de poudre.

Risques d'incendie et d'explosion
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium n'est pas considéré comme facilement inflammable.
Cependant, il peut contribuer à l'intensité d'un incendie s'il est impliqué dans une situation d'incendie.
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium peut se décomposer à haute température, libérant des gaz et des fumées toxiques, y compris les oxydes d'azote et les oxydes de soufre.

Risques environnementaux
Le métanitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium est soluble dans l'eau et, s'il est rejeté dans l'environnement, il peut contaminer les sources d'eau.
Il est important de manipuler et d'éliminer le composé conformément aux réglementations locales pour prévenir la pollution de l'environnement.

Synonymes
127-68-4
3-NITROBENZÈNESULFONATE DE SODIUM
Sel de sodium de l'acide 3-nitrobenzènesulfonique
3-nitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium
M-nitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium
Nitrol S
Ludigol
3-nitrosulfonique, sel de sodium
Tiskan [tchèque]
Ludigol F,60
Tiskan
Acide 3-nitrobenzènesulfonique, sel de sodium
m-Nitrobenzènesulfonate, sel de sodium
BDSS 5614
M-nitrobenzènesulfonate, sel de sodium
NSC 9795
EINECS 204-857-3
Nitrobenzen-m-sulfonan sodny [Tchèque]
Sel de sodium de l'acide m-nitrobenzènesulfonique
Nitrobenzène-m-sulfonan sodny
UNII-1F11SXJ4C6
M-nitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium
1F11SXJ4C6
DTXSID2027048
Sel de sodium de l'acide m-nitrobenzène sulfonique
CE 204-857-3
3-nitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium (1:1)
m-nitrosulfonique (m-nitrosulfonate), sel de sodium (8CI); Sel de sodium de l'acide 3-nitrobenzènesulfonique
NSC-9795
MFCD00007490
Résister au sel
3-nitrobenzène-1-sulfonate de sodium
C6H4NO5S.Na
3-nitrophénylsulfonate de sodium
3-nitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium
M-nitrobezène sulfonate de sodium
3-nitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium
SCHEMBL340713
M-nitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium
DTXCID107048
3-nitro-benzènesulfonate de sodium
3-nitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium
M-nitrobenzène-sulfonate de sodium
CHEMBL3188704
3-nitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium
3-nitrobenzène sulfonate de sodium
3-nitro-benzène sulfonate de sodium
Sel de sodium de 3-nitrobenzène sulfonate
Tox21_200902
3-nitrobenzènesulfonate de sodium, 98%
Sel de sodium de l'acide 3-nitrobenzènesulfonique
AKOS015900868
Sel de sodium de l'acide 3-nitrophénylsulfonique
Sel de sodium de l'acide 3-nitrobenzènesulfonique
Sel de sodium de l'acide 3-nitro-benzènesulfonique
Sel de sodium de l'acide 3-nitrobenzène sulfonique
Sel de sodium de l'acide m-nitrobenzène sulfonique
CNGC00258456-01
Sel de sodium de l'acide 3-nitrobenzène sulfonique
AC-11596
AS-12915
CAS-127-68-4
LS-32039
Acide nitrobenzènesulfonique, sel de sodium, 3-
Acide m-nitrobenznesulfonique, sel de sodium
FT-0616236
N0141
3-NITROBENZÈNESULFONATE DE SODIUM [HSDB]
M-NITROBENZÈNESULFONATE DE SODIUM [POUCE]
EN300-142340
W-108378
Q27252345
F1113-0115

Sodium Metabisulfite; Dinatriumdisulfit; Disulfito de disodio; Disulfite de disodium; Disodium disulfite; Disodium Salt Pyrosulfurous Acid; Disulfurous acid, disodium salt; Pyrosulfurous acid, disodium salt; Sodium Metabisulfite; Sodium disulfite; Sodium Pyrosulfite; cas no: 7681-57-4

Sodium metabisulfite; Sodium pyrosulfite; Disulfite; Pyrosulfite; Dinatriumdisulfit; Disulfito de disodio; Disulfite de disodium; Disodium disulfite; Disodium Salt Pyrosulfurous Acid; Disulfurous acid, disodium salt; Pyrosulfurous acid, disodium salt; Sodium Metabisulfite; Sodium disulfite; Sodium Pyrosulfite CAS NO : 7681-57-4

Sodium silicate, disodium oxosilanediolate, Sodium siliconate, Sodium polysilicate, Sodium water glass, Sodium sesquisilicate, Disodium metasilicate, Disodium silicate, Sodium silicon oxide, Disodium monosilicate, disodium oxosilanediolate, silanediolate, 1-oxo-, sodium salt (1:2); silanediolate, oxo-, disodium salt; Silicic acid, sodium salt; CAS Number : 6834-92-0

Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate; Metso Beads, Silicic acid, disodium salt; Sodium-m-Silicate; Orthosil; Disodium metasilicate; Disodium Monosilicate; Waterglass; Disodium trioxosilicate; cas no: 10213-79-3

Metso Beads, Silicic acid, disodium salt; Sodium-m-Silicate; Orthosil; Disodium metasilicate; Disodium Monosilicate; Waterglass; Disodium trioxosilicate; CAS NO:6834-92-0 CAS NO:pentahydrate: 10213-79-3 CAS NO:nonhydrate: 13517-24-3

methylparaben; Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt; Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate; Natrium-4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolat; 4-(metoxicarbonil)fenolato de sodio; 4-(méthoxycarbonyl)phénolate de sodium; Methyl paraben sodium salt; Sodium methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; methyl-4-oxide-benzoate, sodium salt; Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt; cas no: 5026-62-0

synonyme : paraben / PAO / parahydroxybenzoate, Inci : sodium methylparaben, Cas : 5026-62-0. Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, sodium salt; Benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, methyl ester, sodium deriv.; Bonomold OMNa; Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt; Methylparaben sodium; Methylparaben, sodium salt; Preserval MS; Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate; Sodium 4-carbomethoxyphenolate; Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium methylparaben; Sodium p-methoxycarbonylphenoxide; Sodium, (p-carboxyphenoxy)-, methyl ester (7CI); Solparol; Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, sodium salt (1:1); methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Sodium salt; Methyl paraben sodium; Methylparaben sodium salt; Nipasept Sodium; Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl) phenolate; sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzen-1-olate; Sodium 4-methoxycarbonylphenolate; Sodium methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium methylparabenSodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate; sodium;4-methoxycarbonylphenolate. Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, sodium salt; Benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, methyl ester, sodium deriv.; Bonomold OMNa; Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt; Methylparaben sodium; Methylparaben, sodium salt; Preserval MS;Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate;Sodium 4-carbomethoxyphenolate;Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate;Sodium methylparaben;Sodium p-methoxycarbonylphenoxide;Sodium, (p-carboxyphenoxy)-, methyl ester (7CI); Solparol; Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, sodium salt (1:1); methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Sodium salt; Methyl paraben sodium; Methylparaben sodium salt; Nipasept Sodium; Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl) phenolate; sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzen-1-olate; Sodium 4-methoxycarbonylphenolate; Sodium methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium methylparabenSodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate; sodium;4-methoxycarbonylphenolate

Chloroacetic acid, sodium salt; Aceticacid,chloro-,sodiumsalt; chloro-aceticacisodiumsalt; chloroctansodny; dowdefoliant; monoxone; sma; smca; Sodum chloroacetate; Monochloroacetic Acid Sodium; Natriumchloracetat; Sodium salt of chloroacetic acid; Chloroacetate sodium; sodium salt of chloroacetic acid sodium chloroacetate CAS NO:3926-62-3

Sodium Nitrate; Soda Niter; Cubic Niter; Chile Saltpeter; Sodium(I) NitrateNitrate of Soda; Nitrate de sodium; Nitric acid sodium salt cas no: 7631-99-4

Sodium Nitrite; Azotyn sodowy ; Dusitan sodny; Natrium nitrit; Nitrite de sodium; Nitrito sodico; Nitrous acid sodium salt CAS NO:7632-00-0

PESA; polyepoxysuccinic acid; Polyepoxysuccinic Acid(PESA); Epoxysuccinic acid homopolymer; Polyoxirane-2,3-Dicarboxylic Acid; 2,3-oxiranedicarboxylic acid homopolymer; Poly(1-oxacyclopropane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid); CAS No. 51274-37-4

Sodium oleate; osteum; oleic acid sodium salt; oleic acid; sodium salt CAS NO: 143-19-1

Le fongicide Sodium Omadine 40 % est un agent antimicrobien à large spectre très actif qui, lorsqu'il est utilisé aux concentrations recommandées, peut aider à prévenir et à minimiser les problèmes associés à la contamination fongique.
L'omadine de sodium 40% est le dérivé aqueux de sel de sodium à 40% de la pyrithione.
L'omadine de sodium 40% possède une solubilité élevée dans l'eau, une activité élevée et des propriétés non irritantes et non sensibilisantes.

Numéro CAS : 3811-73-2
Formule moléculaire : C5H6NNaOS
Poids moléculaire : 151,16
Numéro EINECS : 223-296-5

Sodium Omadine, 3811-73-2, Pyrithione de sodium, Sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-oxyde, Pyrithione sel de sodium, Omadine sodique, PYRITHIONE SODIUM, 2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxyde sel de sodium, sodium (1-oxydopyridin-1-ium-2-yl)sulfanide, MFCD01941547, 2-Mercaptopyridine 1-oxyde de sodium sel, DTXSID3042390, 2-Mercaptopyridinen-oxyde de sodium, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxyde (sodium), Tomicide s, 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sel de sodium, 6L3991491R, Topcide 280, 2-Pyridinethiol, 1-oxyde, sel de sodium (1 :1), 2-pyridinethiol 1-oxyde de sodium sel, 2-sulfidopyridine 1-oxyde de sodium, NSC-4483, omadine de sodium (VAN), AL-02725, pyrithione de sodium (VAN), 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione, sel de sodium, 2(1H)-pyridinethione, 1-hydroxy-, sel de sodium, 2-mercaptopyridine n-oxyde de sodium, Prestwick_78, NSC 4483, EINECS 223-296-5, sodium, (2-pyridylthio)-, N-oxyde, sodium, (2-pyridinylthio)-, N-oxyde, 2-pyridinethiol, N-oxyde, sel de sodium, (1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sel de sodium, AI3-22596, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxyde de sel sodique anhydre, SCHEMBL3101261, CHEMBL2364542, DTXCID1022390, PYRITHIONE DE SODIUM [INCI], AMY3577, WNGMMIYXPIAYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M, UNII-6L3991491R, Sel de N-hydroxypyridinethione sodique, PYRITHIONE SODIQUE [OMS-DD], STR00395, Tox21_300128, AKOS000121187, 2-Mercaptopyridine-1-oxyde de sodium, AC-1079, HY-125785A, Pyridine-2-thiol 1-oxyde, sel de sodium, NCGC00254107-01, SY061676, CAS-3811-73-2, CS-0129647, M0632, M2841, 2-Mercaptopyridine Sel de N-oxyde de sodium, 95%, 2-Mercaptopyridine Sel de N-oxyde de sodium, 98%, 2-PYRIDINETHIOL-1-OXYDE, SEL DE SODIUM, EN300-18847, 2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxyde de sel de sodium hydraté, EC 223-296-5, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxyde de sodium sel, >=96%, (1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sel de sodium, tech., W-106499, Q27265081, Z90667629, 2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxyde de sodium sel, >=96,0% (NT), SEL DE SODIUM DE 1-HYDROXY 2(1H)-PYRIDINE, THIONE,Mercaptopyridine n-oxyde de sodium, Sel de sodium N-hydroxypyridinethione,EBD41219,STR00395,Tox21_300128,AKOS000121187,sodium1-, oxydopyridine-1-ium-2-thiolate,2- ercaptopyridine-1-oxyde sel de sodium,AC-1079,HY-125785A,Pyridine-2-thiol 1-oxyde, sel de sodium, NCGC00254107-01, CAS-3811-73-2, CS-0129647,M0632,M2841,Sodium, (2 pyridylthio)-, N-oxyde (7CI),2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxyde de sodium sel, 95%,EC 223-296-5,2-Mercaptopyridine N-oxyde de sodium sel, >=96%,(1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione), sel de sodium, tech.,2- Sel de n-oxyde de sodium de mercaptopyridine, anhydre,W-106499,Q27265081,2-mercaptopyridine N-oxyde de sel sodique, >=96,0% (NT),Pyridine-2-thiolate de sodium-N-oxyde, solution aqueuse à 40%,Solution de sel de sodium N-oxyde de 2-mercaptopyridine, ~ 40% dans H2O, brun très foncé,Sodium 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxyde, sel de sodium 2-Mercaptopyridine-N-oxyde,,2-Pyridinethiol-1-oxyde de sodium sel, N-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione sel sodique,Omadine sodique, Omadine sodium 40%, pyrithione sodique, 2-Pyridinethiol, Sel de sodium de 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione, sel de sodium de 2-mercaptonyridine-1-oxyde, sel de sodium de 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxyde, sel de sodium de pyrithione, 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxyde, 1-
hydroxypyridine-2-thione, 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxyde (n° CAS 1121-31-9), 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione (n° CAS 1121-30-8), NaPT, Sodi, UT900000, ODINE ODADINE, THIONE (RÉACTIF), Pyrithion sodique, PYRITHIONE SODIQUE, PYRITHIONE SODIQUE, SEL DE SODIUM PYRITHIONE (NaPT), Sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-oxyde (3811-73-2), 15922-78-8 : Pyrithione sodique, 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethionato sodique, 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethione, sel de sodium, AL02725, Omacide 24, Omadine sodique, SQ 3277, Sel de sodium de 1-hydroxy-2 (1H)- pyridinethione [Français], Sodium 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione

Le fongicide Sodium Omadine 40 % est homologué auprès de l'Agence de protection de l'environnement des États-Unis en vertu de la loi fédérale sur les insecticides, les fongicides et les rodenticides (FIFRA), pour une utilisation dans le travail des métaux, les concentrés de coupe, de refroidissement et de lubrification et les fluides d'utilisation finale.
Le fongicide Sodium Omadine 40% d'Arxada est une pyrithione de sodium.
Le fongicide Sodium Omadine 40% offre une bonne protection à court terme contre les bactéries et les champignons.

Aux États-Unis, l'utilisation d'un agent antimicrobien dans une demande pour laquelle elle n'est pas enregistrée par l'EPA constitue une violation de la loi fédérale.
Sodium Omadine 40% est une solution aqueuse fongicide à 40% de teneur active, sans formaldéhyde, au pH stable, conçue pour les concentrés et une utilisation en réservoir.
Évitez de l'utiliser dans les applications de meulage de la fonte.

L'omadine sodique 40% est un agent antifongique à large spectre et est efficace contre de nombreux champignons (levures et moisissures) que l'on trouve couramment dans les systèmes de fluides de travail des métaux et constitue un excellent choix pour une utilisation comme additif au bord des réservoirs.
L'omadine sodique 40% est un composé chimique couramment utilisé comme agent antimicrobien à large spectre.
L'ingrédient actif de l'omadine sodique est le 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxyde, communément appelé pyrithione.

L'omadine sodique 40% est efficace contre un large éventail de micro-organismes, y compris les bactéries et les champignons.
L'Omadine Sodium 40% fait référence à une solution dans laquelle l'ingrédient actif, la pyrithione de sodium, est présent à une concentration de 40%.
Cette solution est souvent utilisée dans diverses applications, telles que la formulation de produits antimicrobiens, notamment les shampooings, les savons et les désinfectants industriels.

L'omadine sodique 40% est connue pour ses propriétés antimicrobiennes.
L'Omadine de Sodium 40% peut inhiber la croissance des bactéries et des champignons, ce qui la rend efficace dans les produits conçus pour l'hygiène et la désinfection.
L'omadine sodique 40%, en particulier à des concentrations plus faibles, est couramment utilisée comme ingrédient actif dans les shampooings antipelliculaires.

L'Omadine Sodium 40% aide à contrôler la croissance de la levure Malassezia, qui est associée aux pellicules.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % est utilisée dans diverses applications industrielles où des propriétés antimicrobiennes sont requises.
Cela inclut son utilisation dans les formulations de revêtements, de peintures et d'autres matériaux.

Dans certaines formulations, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut servir de conservateur, aidant à prévenir la croissance de micro-organismes dans des produits comme les peintures et les adhésifs.
Sodium Omadine 40% est généralement compatible avec une gamme de formulations, mais son efficacité et sa stabilité peuvent dépendre du produit spécifique et des conditions d'utilisation.
Les produits contenant de l'omadine sodique font l'objet d'une surveillance réglementaire, et leur utilisation et leur concentration peuvent être régies par des réglementations et des directives locales.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % est incorporée dans certaines peintures et revêtements pour fournir des propriétés antimicrobiennes, aidant à prévenir la croissance des bactéries et des champignons sur les surfaces.
En plus des shampooings antipelliculaires, l'Omadine de sodium 40% peut être incluse dans certains produits de soins de la peau, tels que les savons et les lotions, pour conférer des effets antimicrobiens.
L'omadine sodique 40 % peut être utilisée dans les traitements textiles pour fournir des propriétés antimicrobiennes aux tissus, réduisant ainsi la croissance des bactéries et des champignons responsables des odeurs.

Certains produits de soins personnels, y compris les nettoyants pour le corps et les désinfectants pour les mains, peuvent contenir de l'omadine sodique comme agent antimicrobien.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % a été explorée pour son utilisation potentielle dans les applications de traitement de l'eau afin de contrôler la croissance des micro-organismes dans les systèmes d'eau.
Certains produits en plastique et en polymère peuvent incorporer de l'omadine sodique à 40 % pour fournir des propriétés antimicrobiennes, en particulier dans les applications où la croissance microbienne pourrait être une préoccupation.

L'omadine sodique 40% peut être utilisée dans la formulation d'adhésifs et de mastics pour empêcher la croissance de micro-organismes, contribuant ainsi à la stabilité du produit.
Dans l'industrie du cuir, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans les traitements pour fournir des effets antimicrobiens, aidant à préserver et à protéger les produits en cuir.
L'omadine sodique 40% a été explorée pour son utilisation potentielle dans les traitements de préservation du bois, où elle pourrait contribuer à prévenir la pourriture causée par les champignons et les bactéries.

Dans les environnements industriels, l'omadine sodique 40% peut être utilisée dans la conservation de divers fluides, tels que les fluides de travail des métaux, pour prévenir la contamination microbienne.
L'omadine sodique 40% peut être incorporée dans les fluides de travail des métaux pour contrôler la croissance des micro-organismes, en maintenant la qualité des fluides.
Dans certaines applications, l'omadine sodique à 40 % est utilisée pour protéger le cuivre et les alliages de cuivre de la corrosion causée par les micro-organismes.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut faire partie des formulations de désinfectants et d'assainisseurs, contribuant ainsi à leur efficacité antimicrobienne.
Dans les produits vétérinaires, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans certaines formulations, telles que les shampooings pour animaux de compagnie, pour traiter les affections cutanées et contrôler la croissance microbienne.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % a été étudiée pour son utilisation potentielle dans le traitement de l'eau des tours de refroidissement afin de contrôler l'encrassement microbiologique.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut trouver des applications dans l'industrie pétrolière et gazière pour contrôler la croissance microbienne dans divers processus.
L'omadine sodique 40% est largement utilisée comme biocide, ce qui signifie qu'elle a la capacité de tuer ou d'inhiber la croissance de divers micro-organismes, notamment les bactéries, les champignons et les algues.
Dans l'industrie maritime, l'omadine sodique à 40 % est utilisée dans les revêtements antifouling pour empêcher la croissance d'organismes marins sur les coques des navires, réduisant ainsi la traînée et la consommation de carburant.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans l'industrie du papier et de la pâte à papier pour contrôler la croissance microbienne à divers stades de la production de papier.
L'omadine de sodium à 40 % est utilisée dans le traitement de l'eau de refroidissement pour prévenir la formation de biofilms, d'algues et d'autres micro-organismes qui peuvent avoir un impact sur l'efficacité des systèmes de refroidissement.
L'omadine de sodium 40 % peut être ajoutée aux fluides de coupe des métaux pour éviter la contamination microbienne et maintenir la stabilité des fluides pendant les processus d'usinage.

Dans le secteur pétrolier et gazier, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans les fluides de forage et les fluides de complétion pour contrôler la croissance microbienne dans les opérations pétrolières.
L'omadine sodique 40% peut être utilisée dans certains produits biomédicaux et de soins de santé, tels que les formulations de soins des plaies, où des propriétés antimicrobiennes sont souhaitées.
L'omadine sodique 40% peut être utilisée dans les traitements pour les chaussures et les textiles afin de conférer des propriétés antimicrobiennes, réduisant les odeurs et la croissance microbienne.

L'omadine de sodium 40 % est appliquée dans les revêtements de bois pour protéger contre la pourriture causée par les champignons et les bactéries, en particulier dans les environnements extérieurs ou humides.
Dans l'industrie de la construction, l'omadine sodique 40% peut être incorporée dans les additifs pour béton afin d'empêcher la croissance de micro-organismes sur les surfaces.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % est efficace pour contrôler la croissance des moisissures et du mildiou dans diverses applications, telles que les matériaux de construction et les produits ménagers.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans les systèmes à base d'eau, tels que les peintures et les adhésifs, pour prévenir la contamination microbienne et prolonger la durée de conservation de ces produits.
L'omadine sodique 40% trouve des applications dans l'industrie métallurgique pour la préservation des fluides de travail des métaux et la prévention de la dégradation microbienne.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans l'industrie des polymères pour contrôler la contamination microbienne dans les formulations de polymères.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % a été étudiée pour son utilisation potentielle dans la préservation des réservoirs, en particulier dans la prévention des problèmes microbiens dans les réservoirs d'eau.
Dans les procédés de récupération assistée de l'huile, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être envisagée pour contrôler la croissance microbienne et maintenir la qualité des fluides.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans les procédés pétrochimiques pour inhiber l'encrassement microbien et la dégradation de l'équipement.
L'omadine sodique 40 % peut trouver des applications dans l'agriculture, y compris la conservation des produits agricoles et le contrôle des contaminants microbiens en milieu agricole.

Point de fusion : -25 °C
Point d'ébullition : 109 °C
Densité : 1.22
pression de vapeur : 0-0Pa à 25°C
Indice de réfraction :1.4825
Température de stockage.. Hygroscopique, -20°C Congélateur, Sous atmosphère inerte
solubilité : H2O : 0,1 M à 20 °C, limpide, légèrement jaune
Formulaire : Solution
Couleur : brun très foncé
Eau : Solubilité : 54,7 g/100 mL
Sensible : Hygroscopique
λmax : 334 nm (H2O) (lit.)
Merck : 14,7994
BRN : 4026050
InChIKey : WNGMMIYXPIAYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP : -2,38 à 20°C et pH7

L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans les formulations adhésives à base d'eau pour prévenir la contamination microbienne et maintenir les performances de l'adhésif.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être incorporée comme additif dans les revêtements de papier pour fournir une protection antimicrobienne et améliorer la longévité des produits en papier.
L'omadine de sodium à 40 % est utilisée dans certains systèmes de filtration pour empêcher la croissance microbienne sur les médias filtrants, garantissant ainsi l'efficacité du processus de filtration.

Dans l'industrie de la construction, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans les scellants à béton pour protéger contre la détérioration microbienne des surfaces en béton.
L'omadine de sodium 40 % est parfois utilisée comme ingrédient actif dans les sprays antimicrobiens pour diverses surfaces, fournissant une barrière protectrice contre la contamination microbienne.
L'omadine de sodium 40% peut être utilisée dans les traitements de fosse septique pour contrôler la croissance des bactéries dans la fosse et prévenir les problèmes d'odeurs.

Dans le transport des fluides dans les pipelines, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée pour prévenir l'encrassement microbien et la dégradation du pipeline.
L'omadine sodique 40% est utilisée dans les revêtements à base d'eau pour le bois, le métal et d'autres substrats pour inhiber la croissance de moisissures et d'autres micro-organismes.
L'omadine de sodium à 40 % peut être incluse dans les assainisseurs d'air et les désodorisants pour offrir des avantages antimicrobiens, en particulier dans les formulations conçues pour éliminer les odeurs causées par l'activité microbienne.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % est utilisée dans les traitements d'humidification pour empêcher la croissance microbienne dans le réservoir d'eau des systèmes d'humidification.
En milieu aquacole, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée pour contrôler la contamination microbienne des systèmes d'eau et protéger les organismes aquatiques.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être appliquée sur les matériaux de construction, tels que le bois et le métal, pour prévenir la décomposition et la dégradation microbiennes.

L'omadine de sodium à 40 % est utilisée dans certaines peintures étiquetées comme peintures anti-moisissure ou anti-moisissure pour les applications intérieures et extérieures.
L'Omadine de sodium 40% peut être incorporé dans les mousses de polyuréthane pour empêcher la croissance de micro-organismes, ce qui le rend adapté à diverses applications, y compris les matelas et les coussins.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans les revêtements biomédicaux, tels que ceux utilisés dans les dispositifs médicaux, pour fournir une protection antimicrobienne.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans les lingettes désinfectantes pour fournir une efficacité antimicrobienne pour le nettoyage et la désinfection des surfaces.
Dans la formulation des liants au latex, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être ajoutée pour fournir une protection contre la dégradation microbienne.
L'omadine sodique 40% peut être utilisée dans les traitements pour les tapis et les textiles afin d'empêcher la croissance de bactéries et de champignons responsables des odeurs.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut trouver des applications dans les systèmes de purification de l'air pour inhiber la croissance microbienne sur les filtres et les surfaces du système.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % est parfois incluse dans les produits d'entretien ménager, tels que les nettoyants multi-surfaces, pour offrir des avantages antimicrobiens.

Utilise:
L'Omadine Sodium 40% est un ingrédient clé dans de nombreux shampooings antipelliculaires.
L'Omadine Sodium 40% aide à contrôler la croissance de la levure Malassezia, qui est associée aux pellicules.
L'omadine de sodium 40% est utilisée dans divers produits de soins personnels tels que les savons, les nettoyants pour le corps et les lotions pour ses propriétés antimicrobiennes.

L'omadine de sodium 40 % peut être incorporée dans les textiles et les tissus pour conférer des propriétés antimicrobiennes, réduisant ainsi la croissance des bactéries responsables des odeurs.
L'omadine sodique 40% est utilisée dans les peintures et les revêtements pour prévenir la croissance de moisissures et de mildiou sur les surfaces, en particulier dans les environnements humides.
L'omadine de sodium à 40 % est appliquée dans les traitements du bois pour protéger contre la pourriture causée par les champignons et les bactéries, prolongeant ainsi la durée de vie des produits du bois.

Dans l'industrie maritime, l'omadine sodique à 40 % est utilisée dans les revêtements antisalissure pour empêcher la fixation et la croissance d'organismes marins sur les coques des navires.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans les applications de traitement de l'eau pour contrôler la croissance des bactéries et des algues dans les systèmes d'eau.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % est utilisée dans le traitement de l'eau des tours de refroidissement pour inhiber la croissance des micro-organismes, empêcher la formation de biofilm et maintenir l'efficacité du système.

L'omadine sodique 40% est utilisée dans la conservation de divers fluides industriels, tels que les fluides de travail des métaux, pour prévenir la dégradation microbienne.
L'omadine sodique 40% peut être ajoutée aux adhésifs et aux produits d'étanchéité pour éviter la contamination microbienne, assurant ainsi la stabilité de ces produits.
L'omadine sodique 40 % peut être utilisée dans l'industrie du papier et de la pâte à papier pour contrôler la croissance microbienne à différentes étapes de la production.

Dans certains produits en plastique et en polymère, l'omadine sodique à 40 % est utilisée pour fournir des propriétés antimicrobiennes, en particulier dans les applications où la croissance microbienne est une préoccupation.
L'omadine de sodium 40 % peut être ajoutée aux formulations ou aux revêtements de béton pour prévenir la détérioration microbienne des surfaces de béton.
L'omadine sodique 40 % peut trouver des applications dans l'industrie pétrolière et gazière, en particulier dans les fluides de forage et les fluides de complétion, pour contrôler la croissance microbienne.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % est utilisée dans certains produits d'entretien ménager, ce qui contribue à leur efficacité antimicrobienne.
L'omadine sodique 40% peut être utilisée dans les formulations cosmétiques pour ses bienfaits antimicrobiens, en particulier dans les produits conçus pour les peaux sensibles.
L'omadine sodique 40% peut être appliquée sur les chaussures pour inhiber la croissance des bactéries et des champignons responsables des odeurs.

L'omadine de sodium 40 % peut être incluse dans les assainisseurs d'air et les désodorisants pour offrir des avantages antimicrobiens.
Dans les applications vétérinaires, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans certaines formulations telles que les shampooings pour animaux de compagnie pour traiter les affections cutanées.
L'omadine de sodium 40% est utilisée dans les traitements pour humidificateurs afin d'empêcher la croissance microbienne dans le réservoir d'eau.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut trouver des applications dans les systèmes de purification de l'air pour inhiber la croissance microbienne sur les filtres et les surfaces du système.
L'omadine sodique 40% peut être utilisée dans les traitements pour les tapis et les textiles afin d'empêcher la croissance de bactéries et de champignons responsables des odeurs.
En milieu aquacole, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée pour contrôler la contamination microbienne des systèmes d'eau et protéger les organismes aquatiques.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être appliquée sur les matériaux de construction, tels que le bois et le métal, pour prévenir la décomposition et la dégradation microbiennes.
L'omadine de sodium à 40 % est utilisée dans certaines peintures étiquetées comme peintures anti-moisissure ou anti-moisissure pour les applications intérieures et extérieures.
L'Omadine de sodium 40% peut être incorporé dans les mousses de polyuréthane pour empêcher la croissance de micro-organismes, ce qui le rend adapté à diverses applications, y compris les matelas et les coussins.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans les revêtements biomédicaux, tels que ceux utilisés dans les dispositifs médicaux, pour fournir une protection antimicrobienne.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans les lingettes désinfectantes pour fournir une efficacité antimicrobienne pour le nettoyage et la désinfection des surfaces.
Dans la formulation des liants au latex, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être ajoutée pour fournir une protection contre la dégradation microbienne.

L'omadine de sodium 40 % peut être incorporée dans les produits de lavage de voiture pour prévenir la croissance microbienne et maintenir la propreté des surfaces des véhicules.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans les systèmes de refroidissement des moteurs et des machines industrielles afin de prévenir la contamination microbienne et de maintenir l'efficacité du système.
Dans le transport des fluides dans les pipelines, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée pour prévenir l'encrassement microbien et la dégradation du pipeline.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être incluse dans les désinfectants ménagers pour améliorer leurs propriétés antimicrobiennes pour le nettoyage et la désinfection des surfaces.
L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut trouver des applications en agriculture en tant qu'ingrédient dans certaines pulvérisations ou formulations conçues pour contrôler la croissance microbienne dans la protection des cultures.
Dans la production de plastiques moulés, l'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée pour fournir une protection antimicrobienne aux produits finis.

L'omadine sodique à 40 % peut être utilisée dans les déshumidificateurs pour inhiber la croissance microbienne dans les réservoirs d'eau et empêcher la libération de contaminants en suspension dans l'air.
L'omadine sodique 40% peut être utilisée dans les traitements de surface des métaux pour protéger contre la corrosion et la dégradation microbiennes.
L'omadine de sodium à 40 % peut être considérée comme un additif dans les carburants pour inhiber la croissance microbienne et prévenir les problèmes du système d'alimentation.

L'omadine sodique 40% peut être utilisée dans les revêtements des câbles à fibres optiques afin de prévenir la dégradation microbienne et d'assurer la fiabilité des systèmes de communication.
L'omadine sodique 40 % peut être incluse dans divers produits d'hygiène, tels que les désinfectants pour les mains et les lingettes, pour ses bienfaits antimicrobiens.

Profil d'innocuité :
L'Omadine Sodium 40% peut provoquer une irritation de la peau et des yeux. Un contact prolongé ou répété avec la peau peut entraîner une dermatite ou d'autres affections cutanées.
En cas de contact avec les yeux, il peut provoquer des irritations et des rougeurs.
L'ingestion d'omadine sodique à 40% peut être nocive.

L'omadine sodique 40% n'est pas destinée à être ingérée, et une ingestion accidentelle peut entraîner des nausées, des vomissements, des douleurs abdominales et d'autres problèmes gastro-intestinaux.
L'inhalation de poussière ou de vapeurs d'Omadine de sodium à 40 % peut irriter le système respiratoire.
L'omadine sodique 40% est importante pour manipuler la substance dans des zones bien ventilées et pour utiliser un équipement de protection individuelle approprié, tel qu'une protection respiratoire, si nécessaire.

Certaines personnes peuvent être sensibles ou allergiques à l'omadine sodique 40%.
Les réactions allergiques peuvent se manifester par une irritation de la peau, des rougeurs, des démangeaisons ou d'autres symptômes.
Les personnes ayant des sensibilités connues doivent prendre des précautions et consulter un médecin si nécessaire.

Perboric acid, sodium salt, tetrahydrate; Metaborate; Sodium peroxyborate; Tetrahidrato de Percarbonato Sódico (Spanish); Tetrahydrate de perborate de soude (French); sodium peroxoborate CAS NO:7632-04-4 (Anhydrous); 11138-47-9 (Hydrate); 10332-33-9 (Monohydrate); 10486-00-7 (Tetrahydrate)

Sodium Perborate Monohydrate; Perboric acid (HBO), sodium salt, monohydrate; Perboric acid, sodium salt, monohydrate; Sodium borate monohydrate; Monohydrate de perborate de soude (French); Sodium peroxyborate; sodium peroxoborate; Peroxiborato de sodio; peroxoborato de sodio; Monohidrato de Percarbonato Sódico; CAS NO: 10332-33-9

Sodium Perborate Tetrahydrate; Perboric acid, sodium salt, tetrahydrate; Metaborate; Sodium peroxyborate; Tetrahidrato de Percarbonato Sódico (Spanish); Tetrahydrate de perborate de soude (French); sodium peroxoborate; CAS NO: 10486-00-7

Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate; Carbonic acid disodium salt, compound with hydrogen peroxide(2:3); PCS; Sodium Carbonate Peroxide; sodium carbonate sesquiperhydrate; PCS; SPC; solid hydrogen peroxide; Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide CAS NO:15630-89-4

Sulfonic acids petroleum sodium Salt; Petroleum sulfonic Acid; Mineral oil Sulfonic Acd soidum salts CAS:68608-26-4

2-methyl-2-propenoic acid homopolymer sodium salt; comet; komet; pma-na; kometa; acrynax; darvan7; daxad30; osakryls; vinamuln3311; polymethakrylatsodny; polymethakrylatsodny; polymethacrylatesodium; SODIUM POLY METHACRYLATE; 2-Propenoicacid,2-methyl-,homopolymer,sodiumsalt CAS NO:54193-36-1

paraben / PAO / parahydroxybenzoate, Inci : sodium propylparaben,Cas : 35285-69-9, EC : 252-488-1

sodium saccharine; saccharin sodium; sodium saccharin; saccharin; sodium CAS NO : 128-44-9

Sodium Silicate; Water glass; Soluble glass; Silicate of soda; Silicic Acid Sodium Salt; Sodium silicate glass; Sodium Silicate Solution; Kieselsäure, Natriumsalz; ácido silícico, sal de sodio; Acide silicique, sel de sodium cas no: 1344-09-8

sodium octadecanoate; Sodium stearate is the sodium salt of stearic acid. This white solid is the most common soap. It is found in many types of solid deodorants, rubbers, latex paints, and inks. It is also a component of some food additives and food flavorings. Characteristic of soaps, sodium stearate has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, the carboxylate and the long hydrocarbon chain, respectively. These two chemically different components induce the formation of micelles, which present the hydrophilic heads outwards and their hydrophobic (hydrocarbon) tails inwards, providing a lipophilic environment for hydrophobic compounds. The tail part dissolves the grease (or) dirt and forms the micelle. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a surfactant to aid the solubility of hydrophobic compounds in the production of various mouth foams. Sodium stearate is produced as a major component of soap upon saponification of oils and fats. The percentage of the sodium stearate depends on the ingredient fats. Tallow is especially high in stearic acid content (as the triglyceride), whereas most fats only contain a few percent. The idealized equation for the formation of sodium stearate from stearin (the triglyceride of stearic acid) follows: (C18H35O2)3C3H5 + 3 NaOH → C3H5(OH)3 + 3 C18H35O2Na Purified sodium stearate can be made by neutralizing stearic acid with sodium hydroxide. octadécanoate de sodium, stéarate de soude,sodium octadecanoate, No CAS: 822-16-2, Le stéarate de sodium ou octadécanoate de sodium est le sel de sodium de l'acide stéarique. Il est obtenu par hydrolyse en milieu basique ou saponification de la stéarine. À température ambiante, c'est une poudre blanche qui est un des composés des savons durs. C'est une substance utilisée pour ses propriétés tensioactives. Outre les savons, elle est présente dans des préparations à destination de l'industrie chimique, pharmaceutique ou agroalimentaire. On la trouve dans de nombreux produits finis comme des bâtons de colle, sticks déodorants, crèmes à raser, préparations pour gâteaux ou crèmes glacées. SODIUM STEARATE 822-16-2 Sodium octadecanoate Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt Stearates Prodhygine Flexichem B Stearic acid, sodium salt Bonderlube 235 Stearic acid sodium salt UNII-QU7E2XA9TG Sodium stearate, pure HSDB 5759 Sodium stearate [NF] EINECS 212-490-5 MFCD00036404 QU7E2XA9TG Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt (1:1) AI3-19808 Sodium stearate (NF) Sodium stearate (a mixture of stearate and palmitate) odium stearate PubChem12866 ACMC-209pno Rashayan Sodium Stearate SCHEMBL5773 C18H35NaO2 Octadecanoic acid sodium salt

Disodium monosulfate; Sulfuric acid sodium salt; Disodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate; Sulfuric acid sodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Salt cake; Bisodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate (2:1); Thenardite; Natriumsulfat; Trona; Dibasic sodium sulfate CAS NO:7757-82-6

Sodium Sulfite; Sodium sulfite anhydrous; disodium sulfite; Natrii Sulphis; Natrium Sulfurosum; Natriumsulfit; sulfurous acid, disodium salt; exsiccated sodium sulfite; Sodium sulfite (2:1); Sulfurous acid, sodium salt (1:2); cas no: 7757-83-7

Sodium Sulfonate; carbazochrome sodium sulfonate; 1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt; 3,4-Dihydro-3,4-dioxo-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt, Folin’s reagent, Sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate

Disodium monosulfate; Sulfuric acid sodium salt; Disodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate; Sulfuric acid sodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Salt cake; Bisodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate (2:1); Thenardite; Natriumsulfat; Trona; Dibasic sodium sulfate CAS NO:7757-82-6 (Anhydrous); 7727-73-3 (Decahydrate)

cas no:7757-82-6 Disodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate; Sulfuric acid sodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Sulfuric acid disodium salt; Salt cake; Bisodium sulfate; Sodium sulfate (2:1); Thenardite; Natriumsulfat; Trona; Dibasic sodium sulfate;

Sodium Tolyltriazole; Tolutriazole; Methyl-1H-benzotriazole; Metil-1H-benzotriazol; 5-Methylbenzotriazole; 5-Methyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole; Méthyl-1H-benzotriazole; Tolyltriazole; Methylbenzotriazole; 4(or 5)-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole; Stabinol MBTZ; CAS NO: 64665-57-2

SVS; Sodium ethenesulfonate; Sodium ethylene sulphonate; Ethenesulphonic acid, sodium salt CAS NO: 3039-83-6

Sodium Vinyl Sulfonate; ethenesulfonic acid; unsaturated sulfonic acid; Ethylenesulfonic acid sodium salt; Sodium vinylsulfonate solution; Vinylsulfonic acid sodium salt cas no: 3039-83-6

sodium xylene sulfonate; Xylenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; Sodium m-xylenesulfonate; Dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; Sodium Dimethylbenzenesulfonate; cas no: 1300-72-7

SYNONYMS baking soda; Sodium acid carbonate;Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate; Carbonic acid monosodium salt; carbonic acid sodium salt (1:1); monosodium hydrogen carbonate; monosodium carbonate; meylon; Bicarbonate of soda; CAS NO:144-55-8

SYNONYMS D-Gluconic acid monosodium salt;D-Gluconic acid, monosodium salt;D-Gluconic acid, sodium salt (1:1);D-Glulonic acid, monosodium salt;Disparlight DV;Glonsen;Gluconate de sodium;GLUCONATE SODIUM CAS NO:527-07-1

Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt; Stearic acid, sodium salt; Natriumstearat (German); Estearato de sodio (Spanish); Stéarate de sodium (French) cas no: 822-16-2

Modified polyacrylic acid, sodium salt cas no:7732-18-5

Modified polyacrylic acid, sodium salt cas no:7732-18-5

Maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer cas no:7732-18-5

Modified polyacrylic acid; 2-propenoic acid homopolymer cas no :9003-01-4

Modified polyacrylic acid cas no:37199-81-8

Modified polyacrylic acid cas no:37199-81-8

Maleic acid/acrylic acid copolymer, sodium salt cas no:68479-09-4, 7732-18-5

Maleic acid/acrylic acid copolymer, sodium salt cas no:68479-09-4, 7732-18-5