Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.


CAS Number: 78-51-3
EC Number: 201-122-9
Molecular Formula: C18H39O7P


Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) has good low temperature characteristics.
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers.


Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is a flame retardant plasticizer, mainly used for flame retardant and plasticizing of polyurethane rubber, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, etc., with good low temperature characteristics.
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.


The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIBUTOXY ETHYL PHOSPHATE (TBEP):
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used as floor polishing agent and processing agent of water-based adhesive; as flame retardant and plasticizer of acrylonitrile type rubber, cellulose acetate, epoxy resin, ethyecellulose, polyvinyl acetate, thermoplastic and thermosetting polyurethane; as defoamer in coating, detergent and textiles. Moreover, the product is also used in nitrocellulose, ethyecellulose and acrylic plastic plasticizer.


Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is mainly used as floor polishing agent and processing agent of water-based adhesive; as flame retardant and plasticizer of type rubber, cellulose acetate, epoxy resin, ethyecellulose, polyvinyl acetate, thermoplastic and thermosetting polyurethane; as defoamer in coating, detergent and textiles.


Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is mainly used as floor polishing agent and processing agent of water-based adhesive, flame retardant and plasticizer of acrylonitrile type rubber, cellulose acetate, epoxy resin, ethyecellulose, polyvinyl acetate, thermoplastic and thermosetting polyurethane.

Moreover, Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is also used in nitrocellulose, ethyecellulose .
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is mainly used in plastic plasticizer, plastic solvent and flame retardant.
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is also used as defoamer in coating, detergent and textiles.


Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) used plasticizer, solvent and flame retardant of plastic.
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used as floor polishing agent and processing agent of water-based adhesive; as flame retardant and plasticizer of acrylonitrile type rubber, cellulose acetate, epoxy resin, ethyecellulose, polyvinyl acetate, thermoplastic and thermosetting polyurethane; as defoamer in coating, detergent and textiles. Moreover, the product is also used in nitrocellulose, ethyecellulose and acrylic plastic plasticizer.


Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used in acrylic based polishes where its coalescent and plasticising properties will improve levelling and gloss, enabling a "dry bright" finish to be obtained.
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) will also reduce surface defects such as streaking, crazing, and powdering.


Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used also in acrylic gloss paint formulations as a coalescent and defoamer.
Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) also helps to improve pigment wetting and rheological properties with a minimal effect on reflectance Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) is a highly effective "knockdown" defoamer used extensively in paint, textile and paper industries.


Tributoxy ethyl phosphate (TBEP) is also used as a halogen free flame retardant additive in polymer systems.
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) can be used also in conjunction with other flame retardants.
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is a flame retardant plasticizer, mainly used for flame retardant and plasticizing of polyurethane rubber, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, etc., with good low temperature characteristics.


Plasticizer Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a flame retardant plasticizer and processing aid for rubber, cellulose and resin.
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is recommended for acrylonitrile rubber, cellulose acetate, epoxy resin, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate and thermoplastic and thermosetting polyurethane.


Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used Flame Retardant Plasticizer, Mainly For Urethane Rubber, Cellulose, Polyvinyl Alcohol And Plasticizing Flame Retardant, Having Good Low Temperature Characteristics.
Plasticizer Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is Used As Rubber, Cellulose And Resin, Flame-Retardant Plasticizers And Processing Aids.


Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is Recommended For Acrylonitrile Rubber, Cellulose Acetate, Epoxy Resins, Ethyl Cellulose, Polyvinyl Acetate And Thermoplastic And Thermoset Polyurethane.
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) also As Defoamers (Antifoaming Agent) Used In The Coatings, Detergents And Textiles.


Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) has Good Low-Temperature Characteristics.
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) Can Also Be Used For Nitrocellulose, Ethyl Cellulose, Acrylic Plastic Plasticizer, Make Products Having Transparency And Good Resistance To Ultraviolet Radiation.


Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used plasticizer, solvent and flame retardant of plastic
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is mainly used in floor polishes, water-based adhesives, inks, wall coatings and paint resins.


Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers.
The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations.



PROPERTIES of TRIBUTOXY ETHYL PHOSPHATE (TBEP):
●Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is a Colourless or primrose,transparent oily liquid.
Density of Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP)（20℃）is 1.020 g/cm3.
●Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a fire-retardant plasticizer for the plastic and the rubber,have the good low temperature softness,fire retardance,durability,can improve the processing performance,shortened the kneading periods.
●Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for the nitrocellulose,the ethyl cellulose,acrylate,can make product have transparence and good function of resisting the ultraviolet radiation.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIBUTOXY ETHYL PHOSPHATE (TBEP):
Appearance Form: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/range: < -70 °C - (ECHA)
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 215 - 228 °C at 5 hPa - lit.
Flash point: ca.159 °C at ca.1.014,6 hPa - closed cup - ISO 1523
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: 0,04 hPa at 150 °C
Vapor density: 13,75 - (Air = 1.0)
Density: 1,006 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: 1,02 at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0,66 g/l at 25 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 3,75
Autoignition temperature: 322 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 12,4 mPa.s at 20 °C
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Surface tension: 32,7 mN/m at 20,2 °C
Relative vapor density: 13,75 - (Air = 1.0)
Appearance: colorless transparent liquid
Acidity (mgKOH/ g): ≤0.1
Refractive index (nD25): 1.4320 —1.4380
Specific gravity (20/20℃): 1.012-1.023
Color (Pt-Co): ≤ 50
Moisture: ≤0.1%
Appearance: colorless transparent liquit
Acid value(mgKOH/g): ≤0.1
Refractive index(nD25): 1.4320-1.4380
Specific gravity(20/20℃): 1.012-1.023
Chroma(Pt-Co): ≤60
Moisture(Pt-Co): ≤0.2%
Cas No: 78-42-2

Molecular Formula: C24H51O4P
Molecular Weight: 434.64
Appearance: Colorless Transparent Liquid
Molecular Formula: C18H39O7P
Molar Mass: 398.47
Melting Point: -70℃
Boling Point: 215-228℃4 mm Hg(lit.)
Water Solubility: Soluble
Appearance: Transparent liquid
Storage Condition: 2-8℃
MDL: MFCD00009456
melting point: -70°C
boiling point: 215-228 °C4mm Hg(lit.)
density: 1.006 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 13.7 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.03mm Hg ( 150 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.438(lit.)
flash point: >230 °F
morphology: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to very slightly yellow
water solubility: Soluble
stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIBUTOXY ETHYL PHOSPHATE (TBEP):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIBUTOXY ETHYL PHOSPHATE (TBEP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIBUTOXY ETHYL PHOSPHATE (TBEP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIBUTOXY ETHYL PHOSPHATE (TBEP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
not required
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIBUTOXY ETHYL PHOSPHATE (TBEP):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIBUTOXY ETHYL PHOSPHATE (TBEP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate
tri(butoxyethyl)phosphate
KP-140
TBEP
Phosphoric acid tris(2-Butoxyethyl)ester
2-butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1)
Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate
TBEP
2-butoxy
2-Butoxy-ethanol phosphate (3:1)
2-Butoxy-ethanolphosphate(3:1)
2-butoxy-ethanophosphate(3:1)
Amgard TBEP
Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (3:1)
tri(butoxyethyl)
TBXP
TBEP
KP-140
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate
Tris(butoxyethyl) Phosphate
Tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate
Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate
Phosphoric acid tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) ester
2-BUTOXYETHANOL PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIS (2-N-BUTOXYETHYL) ESTER
PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIS (2-BUTOXYETHYL) ESTER
TBEP
TRI (BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE
TRIS (BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE
TRIS (2-BUTOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE
2-Butoxy
Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester
Tributoxyethyl phosphate
2-Butoxyethanol phosphate
Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, phosphate (31)
TBEP
Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate

Tributoxyethyl Phosphate Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) is a phosphate ester that, thanks to its structure, can be used in many applications including plasticisation, solvation, flame retardancy and defoaming. Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) is in fact a multifunctional additive that may be used to modify the properties of many polymer systems and is a particularly good levelling aid and coalescent additive for emulsion polymers. Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) is used in a mixed solvent/aqueous system as a defoamer during production and as a secondary plasticiser in many polymers. The above properties in combination with inherent flame retardancy makes Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) a real multifunctional additive essential to many polymer formulations. Typical applications of Tributoxyethyl phosphate are: in acrylic based polishes where its coalescent and plasticising properties will improve levelling and gloss, enabling a "dry bright" finish to be obtained. It will also reduce surface defects such as streaking, crazing, and powdering. Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) is used also in acrylic gloss paint formulations as a coalescent and defoamer. Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) also helps to improve pigment wetting and rheological properties with a minimal effect on reflectance Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) is a highly effective "knockdown" defoamer used extensively in paint, textile and paper industries. Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) is also used as a halogen free flame retardant additive in polymer systems. It can be used also in conjunction with other flame retardants. Clinical Laboratory Methods Plasticizer tributoxyethyl phosphate was identified in post-mortem blood sample. Presence of plasticizers in blood samples can arise by contamination from rubber stopper of blood specimen containers. IDENTIFICATION: Tributoxyethyl phosphate is a slightly yellow, oily liquid. It has a sweet odor. It is highly soluble in water. USE: Tributoxyethyl phosphate is used to resist flames and add flexibility in vinyl resins, other plastics, natural and synthetic rubbers, and floor finishes and waxes. EXPOSURE: Low dermal exposure can occur in workers making products containing Tributoxyethyl phosphate or applying floor finishes containing the chemical. Very low exposure to the general population can occur from food packaging plastics and synthetic rubbers used in plumbing washers. Tributoxyethyl phosphate has been detected in surface waters and a small number of drinking water samples. If Tributoxyethyl phosphate is released to the environment, it may move slowly through soil. It may not volatilize from soil or water surfaces. It is not expected to build up in aquatic organisms. Chemical break down of tri(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate in air or water is slow. Breakdown by microbes is also expected to be slow. RISK: Direct contact with Tributoxyethyl phosphate can produce mild irritation to skin or eyes. Allergic skin reactions to Tributoxyethyl phosphate were not found in a study with human volunteers. Swallowing a large amount of Tributoxyethyl phosphate can cause nervous system tissue damage and death. Microscopic changes to the liver and nervous system tissues were found in laboratory animals repeatedly given high doses of Tributoxyethyl phosphate by mouth or in food. No abortions or birth defects in offspring were found after high doses of Tributoxyethyl phosphate were given by mouth to pregnant laboratory animals. Pregnant animals given the high doses could not control muscle movements and had decreased body weight gain. The potential carcinogenicity of Tributoxyethyl phosphate has not been tested in laboratory animals. The potential for Tributoxyethyl phosphate to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 13th Report on Carcinogens. Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) is usually analysed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), infrared spectroscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Reactivity Profile Organophosphates, such as Tributoxyethyl phosphate, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides. This material may react with oxidizers. Tributoxyethyl phosphate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) is a slightly yellow, oily liquid. Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) is used as a fire-resistant and light stable plasticizer in the production of vinyl resins, rubber, nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate, and synthetic rubber intended for contact with food or drink. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A repeat human insult patch test indicated no skin sensitization and minimal skin irritation. ANIMAL STUDIES: The acute systemic mammalian toxicity and irritation potential are low. Several subchronic studies in laboratory animals have shown that the liver is the target organ. One study in male Sprague-Dawley rats suggested that Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) might cause focal myocarditis. In neurotoxicity studies in hens Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) had no effect on neuropathy target esterase (NTE). Brain and plasma cholinesterases were inhibited in treated hens. Neurotoxicity studies in rats demonstrated degenerative changes in both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers of female and male animals. Although similar morphological changes were observed in both genders, females were more susceptible than males to the toxic effects of this compound. Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) also induced electrophysiologic changes in sciatic nerves from rats. The long term toxicity and carcinogenicity of TBEP have not been studied. Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) causes toxicity in the developing zebrafish by inhibiting the degradation and utilization of nutrients from the mother and inducing apoptosis. Teratogenicity was not observed. The compound is absorbed dermally in experimental animals but no information is available on its kinetics and metabolism. A mutagenicity test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1538, TA1537, TA98 and TA100, with and without metabolic activation was negative. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: The toxicity of Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) to aquatic organisms is moderate. Acute Exposure/ Administered orally guinea-pigs following ingestion death supervened in times varying from 3 hr (acute toxicity) to 21 days (subacute toxicity). Administration of oral doses under 1.4 mL/kg was without effect. Large doses of ... /tributoxyethyl phosphate/ produced, in half hr following ingestion, incoordination of movements (ataxia), muscular flaccidity, and loss of reflexes. Effects reached max 6 hr after ingestion. Mean lethal dose for less than 24 hr was 3 mL/kg, and for 24 days after ingestion it was 2.4 mL/kg. The mutagenicity of Tributoxyethyl phosphate was evaluated in Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. Based on preliminary bacterial toxicity determinations, Tributoxyethyl phosphate was tested for mutagenicity at levels of 0, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, and 10,000 ug/plate using the plate incorporation method. Tributoxyethyl phosphate did not cause a reproducible positive response in any of the bacterial tester strains, either with or without metabolic activation. The test material was toxic to the bacteria at the two highest levels tested. Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) was evaluated for developmental toxicity in mated Charles River COBS CD rats (25/group). Dosage levels of 0, 250, 500, and 1500 mg/kg/day were administered in a corn oil vehicle by gavage on days 6-15 of gestation. One mortality, cause not determined, occurred in a rat receiving 1500 mg/kg/day. Animals receiving 1500 mg/kg/day exhibited reduced grooming, ataxia, matted and/or stained fur, and a reduced righting reflex. The high-dose group also had reduced body weight gain compared to controls. It was noted that total implantations/dam in the mid- and high-dose groups were less than controls, but this was due to fewer corpora lutea/dam and/or an increase in pre-implantation losses and therefore was not considered a meaningful parameter for effect. Fetal body weights and the fetal gender ratio of treated groups were not significantly different from controls. There were no significant differences from controls in the incidence of observed fetal malformations or developmental effects. Tributoxyethyl phosphate's production and use as a plasticizer in most resins and elastomers, in floor finishes and waxes and as a flame-retarding agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Tributoxyethyl phosphate will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Tributoxyethyl phosphate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 hours. Particulate-phase Tributoxyethyl phosphate will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Tributoxyethyl phosphate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, Tributoxyethyl phosphate is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1260. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole. Tributoxyethyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its estimated vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process. However, in river die-away studies Tributoxyethyl phosphate degraded 100% in 30 days in one of three experiments. If released into water, Tributoxyethyl phosphate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Studies have shown that Tributoxyethyl phosphate can be degraded in environmental conditions; however the mode of degradation may be unclear. Tributoxyethyl phosphate degraded 100% in 80 days aerobic pond water and pond water with sediment, but also degraded 20-75% in 80 days in sterilized experiments. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. BCFs of <5.8 in carp suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Tributoxyethyl phosphate may undergo environmental hydrolysis based on estimated half-lives of 95-93 days at pH 5-9. Occupational exposure to Tributoxyethyl phosphate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Tributoxyethyl phosphate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Tributoxyethyl phosphate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound or other products containing Tributoxyethyl phosphate. Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP)'s production and use as a plasticizer in most resins and elastomers, in floor finishes and waxes and as a flame-retarding agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Based on a classification scheme, an estimated Koc value of 1260, determined from a structure estimation method, indicates that Tributoxyethyl phosphate is expected to have low mobility in soil. Volatilization of Tributoxyethyl phosphate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole, using a fragment constant estimation method. Tributoxyethyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C, determined from a fragment constant method. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process. However, in river die-away studies Tributoxyethyl phosphate degraded 100% in 30 days in one of three experiments. According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Tributoxyethyl phosphate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C, determined from a fragment constant method, will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Tributoxyethyl phosphate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 hours, calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C that was derived using a structure estimation method. Particulate-phase Tributoxyethyl phosphate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition. Tributoxyethyl phosphate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. In one of three river water die-away tests, Tributoxyethyl phosphate degraded approx 100% in 30 days. However, in two of the three tests, its concentration only decreased slightly after 30 days. The degradation of Tributoxyethyl phosphate by bacteria in river water supplemented with polypeptone was observed to be 100% in 30 days in two of three tests while one test exhibited no change in concentration after 30 days. Tributoxyethyl phosphate, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test. Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate was incubated in 7 leachate samples from a sea-based waste disposal site. Water quality of the oxidation pond was: pH 8.1; DO 3.2 mg/L; DOC 36 mg/L. Water quality of the aeration pond was: pH 7.6; DO 5.5 mg/L; DOC 37 mg/L. Samples were incubated in the dark at 23-25 °C. The detection limit was 0.2 ug/L. Loss in sterilized control was observed, indicating degradation by abiotic processes. Decrease under anaerobic conditions was 10% observed over 60 days. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C using a structure estimation method. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. Tributoxyethyl phosphate may undergo hydrolysis in the environment based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 95-93 days at pH 5 to 9. Tributoxyethyl phosphate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices, the Koc of Tributoxyethyl phosphate can be estimated to be 1260. According to a classification scheme, this estimated Koc value suggests that Tributoxyethyl phosphate is expected to have low mobility in soil. The Henry's Law constant for Tributoxyethyl phosphate is estimated as 1.2X10-11 atm-cu m/mole using a fragment constant estimation method. This Henry's Law constant indicates that Tributoxyethyl phosphate is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from moist soil and water surfaces. Tributoxyethyl phosphate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-6 mm Hg, determined from a fragment constant method. Tributoxyethyl phosphate was detected with a mean concentration (76 samples) of 410 ng/L in groundwater samples from Nieschen, Germany collected in March 2000, November 2000, and March 2001. Groundwater samples collected at distances of 4.5, 604, 3000, and 5000 m from the Oder River in Germany contained Tributoxyethyl phosphate concentrations of 339, 126, 1611 ng/L and not detected, respectively. The concentrations of Tributoxyethyl phosphate in groundwater samples from a multilevel monitoring well in Bahnbrucke, Germany sampled in March 2001 were 109, 122, 85, 91 and 85 ng/L at depths of 3, 7, 11, 17 and 21 m, respectively. Effluent Concentrations of TBEP The concentration ranges of Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) in 5 effluents which directly discharge wastewater into the River Weser, Germany were 1260-3370, 800-2750, 2920-5299, 980-34900 and 12-836 ng/L, resulting in the discharged amount of 176-472, 12.8-44, 14.7-26.6, 19-687 and 0-2.3 g/day at the 5 locations, respectively. Effluent wastewater samples collected in July 2001 from three municipal sewage treatment plants and one industrial sewage treatment plant that discharge their treated wastewater into the Oder River in Germany had mean Tributoxyethyl phosphate concentrations of 2955 ng/L and 162 ng/L, respectively. The concentration of Tributoxyethyl phosphate in sludge samples taken from 11 sewage treatment plants located throughout Sweden was <5.1-1900 ng/g dry weight, samples were collected 2002 to 2003. The concentration of Tributoxyethyl phosphate in influent and effluent samples taken concurrently from these same plants was 5200-35,000 and 3100-30,000 ng/L, respectively. Tributoxyethyl phosphate was detected at median values of 0.70-0.87 ug/L in influent samples and median concentration of 0.55 ug/L in effluent samples from three waste water treatment plants located in Galicia, Spain; samples were collected Nov 2007, Feb, Jun and Sep 2008. Tributoxyethyl phosphate was identified in association with office airborne particles and its representative indoor concentration is 15.0 ng/cu m. Tributoxyethyl phosphate was below the detection limit (<0.1 ng/cu m) in indoor air from a computerized office environment. Tributoxyethyl phosphate was detected at <4X10-5 to 0.3 ug/cu m in the indoor air from 6 Japanese homes. Tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate was not detected in an atmospheric sample collected from a theater in Zurich, Switzerland. The atmospheric deposition of Tributoxyethyl phosphate was calculated to be <0.8 ng/sq m/day in samples from Pallas, Finland; samples were collected Jul 2004. Tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate was not detected in three cars; samples were collected in Zurich, Switzerland. NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 257,421 workers (105,777 of these are female) were potentially exposed to Tributoxyethyl phosphate in the US. Occupational exposure to Tributoxyethyl phosphate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Tributoxyethyl phosphate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Tributoxyethyl phosphate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound or other products containing Tributoxyethyl phosphate. According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of Tributoxyethyl phosphate is 100-999; the data may be greatly underestimated. Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) concentrations were sampled in different occupational media; results included: inhalable air <50-<60 ng/cu m, particulates <20-<40 ng/cu m, absorbent patches <0.5 ng sq m and hand wash samples <10 ng/hands. Tributoxyethyl phosphate was detected in the air of a recycling electronic products plant at 20-36 ng/cu m in the dismantling hall, 17-19 ng/cu m in shredder during processing of plastics without brominated additives, and 20-24 ng/cu m in the shredder during processing of plastics containing brominated additives. Tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate was not detected in 3 electronic stores but was detected in 1 of 3 offices and 1 of 2 furniture stores; concentrations were below reporting level; all samples were collected in and around Zurich, Switzerland. Plasticizer tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) was identified in post-mortem blood sample. Presence of plasticizers in blood samples can arise by contamination from rubber stopper of blood specimen containers. Tributoxyethyl phosphate was detected in 20 of 58 adipose tissue samples taken from Kingston, Ontario at 0.7-26.8 ng/g. It was also detected in 21 of 57 adipose tissue samples taken from Ottawa, Ontario at 0.9-142.2 ng/g. APPLICATION of Tributoxyethyl Phosphate (TBEP) Tributoxyethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC, chlorinated rubber, and nitriles due to its flame retardant nature and good low temperature flexibility. Tributoxyethyl Phosphate is also used for emulsions of floor polishes, as leveling agent in latex paints and waxes, a processing aid for acrylonitrile rubber, and an antiblock agent for cast polyurethanes. TBEP is a light-colored, high-boiling, non-flammable viscous liquid. Tributoxyethyl Phosphate is generally used as a plasticizer in rubber and plastics, and aids in floor polish formation (as well as in other surface coatings), leveling and improves gloss. Film Formulation • Permanent plasticizer - helps build solids • Primary function: film formation • Secondary function: leveling aid and gloss build • Tributoxyethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is 2X more efficient than standard coalescents to aid film formulation Excellent Benefits of Tributoxyethyl Phosphate Tributoxyethyl Phosphate (TBEP) provides low temperature flexibility, good resilience, low compression set, and is non-reactive. Flame Retardant Tributoxyethyl Phosphate (TBEP) is an alkyl flame retardant and plasticizer, which can be used in many PVC and coatings applications. USAGE areas of Tributoxyethyl Phosphate Tributoxyethyl phosphate uses and applications include: Primary plasticizer for most resins and elastomers; coalescing solvent, plasticizer for acrylic-based polishes, gloss paints, adhesives; leveling agent in floor finishes and waxes; flame retardant for plastics; lubricant; antiwear additive; defoamer for drilling muds, cements, fracturing fluids, plasters, paper coatings, pulp bleaching, aqueous emulsion paints, adhesives, textiles, mercerizing liquorsdye baths, antifreeze, fermentation, detergents; in food packaging adhesives; defoamer in food-contact paperpaperboard; wetting agent, rheology control agent for pigments. CLASS of Tributoxyethyl phosphate Solvent FUNCTIONS of Tributoxyethyl phosphate Resins, Flame Retardant, Additive, Lubricant INDUSTRY of Tributoxyethyl phosphate Textiles, Adhesives, Plastics, Detergent General description of TBEP Tributoxyethyl phosphate is an organic flame retardant. It shows PXR agonistic activity. Tributoxyethyl phosphate was detected and quantified during the analysis of herring gull eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry. Use of Tributoxyethyl Phosphate (TBEP) Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. It forms stable hydrophobic complexes with some metals; these complexes are soluble in organic solvents as well as supercritical CO2. The major uses of Tributoxyethyl phosphate in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid, brake fluid, and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare-earth metals from their ores. Tributoxyethyl phosphate finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for veneer plywood), and herbicide and fungicide concentrates. As it has no odour, it is used as an anti-foaming agent in detergent solutions, and in various emulsions, paints, and adhesives. It is also found as a de-foamer in ethylene glycol-borax antifreeze solutions. In oil-based lubricants addition of Tributoxyethyl phosphate increases the oil film strength. It is used also in mercerizing liquids, where it improves their wetting properties. It can be used as a heat-exchange medium. Tributoxyethyl phosphate is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water-thinned paints and tinting bases. Nuclear chemistry of Tributoxyethyl phosphate A 15–40% (usually about 30%) solution of Tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBEP) in kerosene or dodecane is used in the liquid–liquid extraction (solvent extraction) of uranium, plutonium, and thorium from spent uranium nuclear fuel rods dissolved in nitric acid, as part of a nuclear reprocessing process known as PUREX. The shipment of 20 tons of Tributoxyethyl phosphate to North Korea from China in 2002, coinciding with the resumption of activity at Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center, was seen by the United States and the International Atomic Energy Agency as cause for concern; that amount was considered sufficient to extract enough material for perhaps three to five potential nuclear weapons. About Tributoxyethyl phosphate Tributoxyethyl phosphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 per annum. Tributoxyethyl phosphate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites. Consumer Uses of Tributoxyethyl phosphate Tributoxyethyl phosphate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, plant protection products and water treatment chemicals. Other release to the environment of Tributoxyethyl phosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid. Article service life Release to the environment of Tributoxyethyl phosphate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release. Other release to the environment of Tributoxyethyl phosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use as processing aid and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials). Tributoxyethyl phosphate can be found in products with material based on: wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones) and paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper). Widespread uses by professional workers of Tributoxyethyl phosphate Tributoxyethyl phosphate is used in the following products: plant protection products, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, washing & cleaning products and polishes and waxes. Tributoxyethyl phosphate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates). Tributoxyethyl phosphate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging. Other release to the environment of Tributoxyethyl phosphate is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use as processing aid. Formulation or re-packing of Tributoxyethyl phosphate Tributoxyethyl phosphate is used in the following products: polymers and textile treatment products and dyes. Release to the environment of Tributoxyethyl phosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials and formulation of mixtures. Uses at industrial sites of Tributoxyethyl phosphate Tributoxyethyl phosphate is used in the following products: polymers, textile treatment products and dyes and washing & cleaning products. Tributoxyethyl phosphate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and textile, leather or fur. Release to the environment of Tributoxyethyl phosphate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as processing aid and in processing aids at industrial sites. Manufacture of Tributoxyethyl phosphate ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Tributoxyethyl phosphate is most likely to be released to the environment.

Phosphoric acid, tri-n-butyl ester; tri-n-butyl phosphate; Butyl phosphate; Phosphoric acid tributyl ester; celluphos 4; TBP; n-Butyl Phosphate; Tributilfosfato (Italian); Tributoxyphosphine Oxide; Tributyle (Phosphate De) (French); Tributylfosfaat (Dutch); Tributylphosphat (German); Fosfato de tributilo (Spanish); Phosphate de tributyle (French); cas no:126-73-8

TRI-C12-13 ALKYL CITRATE Nom INCI : TRI-C12-13 ALKYL CITRATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Tributyl phosphate is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2O)3PO.
Tributyl phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.
Tributyl phosphate is a toxic organophosphorous compound widely used in many industrial applications, including significant usage in nuclear processing.

CAS Number: 126-73-8
EC Number: 204-800-2
Molecular Formula: C12H27O4P
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 266.32

Tributyl phosphate is an organophosphorous compound, manufactured by esterification of orthophosphoric acid with n-butanol.
This colorless and odorless liquid is used in many different industries as extracting solvent, defoaming agent, flame retardant and plasticizer.
Tributyl phosphate is a very strong, polar solvent.

The microbial degradation of tributyl phosphate was carried out using Klebsiella pneumoniae S3 isolated from the soil.
The solubilization behavior of Tributyl phosphate in aqueous solutions of L64-Pluronics was studied using light and small angle neutron scattering (SANS).

Tributyl phosphate, known commonly as Tributyl phosphate, is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2CH2CH2O)3PO.
This colourless, odorless liquid finds some applications as an extractant and a plasticizer.
Tributyl phosphate is an ester of phosphoric acid with n-butanol.

Tributyl phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.
Tributyl phosphate is a toxic organophosphorous compound widely used in many industrial applications, including significant usage in nuclear processing.

Tributyl phosphate is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate.
The major uses of Tributyl phosphate in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare earth metals from their ores, such as uranium and plutonium.

Tributyl phosphate is used also in mercerizing liquids, where Tributyl phosphate improves their wetting properties.
Tributyl phosphate is also used as a heat exchange medium.
Tributyl phosphate is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water thinned paints and tinting bases.

Tributyl phosphate is liquid inorganic ester (C4H9)3PO4 made from normal butyl alcohol and phosphorus oxychloride and used chiefly as a solvent and plasticizer (as for nitrocellulose lacquers and cellulose plastics)

Tributyl phosphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Tributyl phosphate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Tributyl phosphate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Tributyl phosphate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Tributyl phosphate is a contaminant that has been detected in surface water and groundwater in Minnesota.
The information in this profile was collected for the screening process of the Minnesota Department of Health’s Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) program in February 2017.

The chemicals nominated to the CEC program are screened and ranked based on their toxicity and presence in Minnesota waters. Based on these rankings, some chemicals are selected for a full review.
CEC program staff have not selected tributyl phosphate for a full review.

Tributyl phosphate is a very strong, polar solvent.
Tributyl phosphate is acts as a flame-retardant plasticizer for cellulose based plastics and synthetic resins.

Due to the limited influence of temperature on the viscosity of Tributyl phosphate, Tributyl phosphate also serves as an important component in the manufacture of hydraulic fluids for aircraft.
Tributyl phosphate is used in the production of solutions of synthetic resins and natural rubber.
Tributyl phosphate is also used as a neutral extractant, Tributyl phosphate is able to extract both acids and metal cations.

Tributyl phosphate is an ester of phosphoric acid with n-butanol.
Tributyl phosphate is an organophosphorus compound.

Tributyl phosphate is commonly known as TBP.
Tributyl phosphate is a colorless, odorless organophosphorus compound.

Tributyl phosphate is an organophosphorous compound, manufactured by esterification of orthophosphoric acid with n-butanol.
This colorless and odorless liquid is used in many different industries as extracting solvent, defoaming agent, flame retardant and plasticizer.
Tributyl phosphate is a very strong, polar solvent.

On decomposition, Tributyl phosphate releases COx, toxic fumes of phosphoric acid, phosphorus oxides, and/or phosphine.
Tributyl phosphate is incompatible with strong oxidising agents and alkalis.

The major uses of Tributyl phosphate in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid and as a solvent for rare earth extraction and purification.
Minor uses of Tributyl phosphate include use as a defoamer additive in cement casings for oil wells, an anti-air entrainment additive for coatings and floor finishes, as well as a carrier for fluorescent dyes.
The major uses of Tributyl phosphate comprise over 80% of the volume produced.

Applications of Tributyl Phosphate:
Tributyl phosphate was used as defoamers and/or plasticizers, in fuel reprocessing and extraction.
Tributyl phosphate, an organic liquid solvent used in the extraction of uranium and plutonium salts from reactor effluents, as a solvent for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate, and as a heat-exchange medium.

A phosphorus-containing compound with molecular formula (C4H9)3PO4, Tributyl phosphate is prepared by reaction of phosphorus oxychloride with butyl alcohol.
Tributyl phosphate is corrosive to the skin and irritating to the mucous membranes.

Tributyl phosphate is suitable for using in building material, communal facilities, structural engineering, ACE coating, printing ink, adhesive, emulsion polymerization, etc.

Other Applications:
Defoamer is paints, emulsions, adhesives, petroleum drilling, paper making industry, detergents and ethylene glycol-based antifreezes
Hydrometallurgical extraction and purification of rare earth metals from the ores

Solvent for inks, resins, gums and adhesive
Plasticizer for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate

Nonflammable constituent for hydraulic fluids
Increasing the film stability of oil-based lubricants

Herbicides, pesticides and fungicides
Wetting improvement in mercerizing liquids in textile applications

Tributyl phosphate defoamer is a plasticizer for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, chlorinated rubber and polyvinyl chloride, rare metal extractant, etc., developed, soluble in many organic solvents, insoluble Yushui is widely used in a wide range of industries.
Due to Tributyl phosphate low surface tension, Tributyl phosphate is hardly soluble in water and can be used as an industrial defoamer, effectively defoaming the formed foam film in an unstable state.

Paper Manufacture
Synthetic lubricants
Paper industry
Chemical synthesis
Chemical Industry
Metal industry
Metal recovery
Paper auxiliaries
Mineral oil and lubricant
Petroleum industry

Uses of Tributyl Phosphate:
Tributyl phosphate is used as a plasticizer for cellulose esters, vinyl resins, and lacquers; and in making fireretardants, biocides, defoamers, and catalysts.
Plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastics, and vinyl resins.
Tributyl phosphate is used as an antifoaming agent; plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastic, and vinyl resins; component in hydraulic fluids for aircraft control systems.

Tributyl phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.
Tributyl phosphate is a toxic organophosphorous compound widely used in many industrial applications, including significant usage in nuclear processing.

Tributyl phosphate is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate.
The major uses of Tributyl phosphate in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare earth metals from their ores, such as uranium and plutonium.

Tributyl phosphate is used also in mercerizing liquids, where Tributyl phosphate improves their wetting properties.
Tributyl phosphate is also used as a heat exchange medium.
Tributyl phosphate is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water thinned paints and tinting bases.

Tributyl phosphate is a colorless to pale-yellow odorless liquid.
Tributyl phosphate is used as a plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastics, and vinyl resins.

Tributyl phosphate is used in fire-resistant aircraft hydraulic fluids.
Other uses include heat-exchange medium, solvent extraction of metal ions from solution of reactor products, solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, pigment grinding assistant, antifoaming agent, dielectric.

Tributyl phosphate defoamer is a plasticizer for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, chlorinated rubber and polyvinyl chloride, rare metal extractant.
Tributyl phosphate is soluble in many organic solvents.
Due to Tributyl phosphate low surface tension, Tributyl phosphate is hardly soluble in water and can be used as an industrial defoamer, effectively defoaming the formed foam film in an unstable state.

Plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastics, and vinyl resins.
Tributyl phosphate is used in fire-resistant aircraft hydraulic fluids.

Heat-exchange medium, solvent extraction of metal ions from solution of reactor products, solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, plasticizer, pigment grinding assistant, antifoam agent, dielectric.
Extraction chromatography, in which the organic extractant is adsorbed on the surfaces of a fine, porous powder placed in a column, offers another excellent method for separating the actinide elements from each other.
Useful cation extracting agents include n-tributyl phosphate.

Tributyl phosphate is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters such as nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate.
Tributyl phosphate forms stable hydrophobic complexes with some metals; these complexes are soluble in organic solvents as well as supercritical CO2.
The major uses of Tributyl phosphate in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid, brake fluid, and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare-earth metals from their ores.

Tributyl phosphate finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for veneer plywood), and herbicide and fungicide concentrates.

As Tributyl phosphate has no odour, Tributyl phosphate is used as an anti-foaming agent in detergent solutions, and in various emulsions, paints, and adhesives.
Tributyl phosphate is also found as a de-foamer in ethylene glycol-borax antifreeze solutions.

In oil-based lubricants addition of Tributyl phosphate increases the oil film strength.
Tributyl phosphate is used also in mercerizing liquids, where Tributyl phosphate improves their wetting properties.

Tributyl phosphate can be used as a heat-exchange medium.
Tributyl phosphate is used in some consumer products such as herbicides and water-thinned paints and tinting bases.

Nuclear chemistry:
A 15–40% (usually about 30%) solution of tributyl phosphate in kerosene or dodecane is used in the liquid–liquid extraction (solvent extraction) of uranium, plutonium, and thorium from spent uranium nuclear fuel rods dissolved in nitric acid, as part of a nuclear reprocessing process known as PUREX.
The shipment of 20 tons of tributyl phosphate to North Korea from China in 2002, coinciding with the resumption of activity at Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center, was seen by the United States and the International Atomic Energy Agency as cause for concern; that amount was considered sufficient to extract enough material for perhaps three to five potential nuclear weapons.

Tributyl phosphate is an odorless colorless to yellow liquid.
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation.

Tributyl phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Tributyl phosphate is used in the following products: coating products, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, adhesives and sealants, polymers, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Tributyl phosphate is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and building & construction work.

Tributyl phosphate is used for the manufacture of: mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), plastic products and fabricated metal products.
Other release to the environment of Tributyl phosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Uses at industrial sites:
Tributyl phosphate is used in the following products: coating products, hydraulic fluids, lubricants and greases, pH regulators and water treatment products, heat transfer fluids, extraction agents, adhesives and sealants and polymers.
Tributyl phosphate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and mining.

Tributyl phosphate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment, machinery and vehicles, textile, leather or fur and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Release to the environment of Tributyl phosphate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Tributyl phosphate is used as antifoam.
Tributyl phosphate is used as plasticizer for cellulose esters, lacquers, plastics and vinyl resins.

Tributyl phosphate is used as a complexing agent for the extraction of metal ions from solutions of reactor products in the extraction of heavy metals, especially in the reprocessing of nuclear fuel.
Tributyl phosphate is used as aircraft hydraulic fluid.

Tributyl phosphate is used as a heat exchange medium and dielectric.
Tributyl phosphate is used as pigment grinder.

Tributyl phosphate is a solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters (eg. nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate).
Tributyl phosphate forms stable hydrophobic complexes with some metals; these complex are soluble in organic solvents and in supercritical CO2.

The major uses of Tributyl phosphate in industry are as a component of aircraft hydraulic fluid and as a solvent for extraction and purification of rare earth metals from their ores.

Tributyl phosphate finds its use as a solvent in inks, synthetic resins, gums, adhesives (namely for veneer plywood) and herbicide and fungicide concentrates.

As Tributyl phosphate has no odour, together with a large amount of eg. isopropyl alcohol Tributyl phosphate finds use as anti-foaming agent in most detergent solutions, and in various emulsions, paints, and adhesives.
Tributyl phosphate is also found as a defoamer in ethylene glycol-borax antifreze solutions.

In oil-based lubricants addition of Tributyl phosphate increases the oil film strength.
Tributyl phosphate is used also in mercerizing liquids, where Tributyl phosphate improves their wetting properties.

Tributyl phosphate is also used as a heat exchange medium.

Other Industry Uses:
Flame retardants
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Functional fluids (open systems)
Plasticizers
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses:
Tributyl phosphate is used in the following products: coating products, polymers, adhesives and sealants and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Other release to the environment of Tributyl phosphate is likely to occur from: outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives), indoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in tru

Other Consumer Uses:
Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
Hydrolic Fluid
Ink, toner, and colorant products

Advantages of Tributyl Phosphate:
Fast defoaming ability, lasting foam suppressing effect, small dosage, not any effect to the basic property of foaming system.
Good heat resistance, good chemical stability, non-corrosive, non-toxic, non-flammable, non-explosive, no adverse side affect.
Comparable with top quality product on market, while the price is much more affordable.

General Manufacturing Information of Tributyl Phosphate:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Adhesive manufacturing
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
Hydraulic Fluids/Aviation Hydraulic Fluids
Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
Printing ink manufacturing

Properties of Tributyl Phosphate:

Chemical Properties:
Tributyl phosphate is an odorless colorless to yellow liquid.
The solubility of Tributyl phosphate is only 280 mg/L in water at 25°C.

Tributyl phosphate is soluble in diethyl ether, benzene, carbon disulfide.
Tributyl phosphate can be miscible with ethanol.

Tributyl phosphate is stable, but Tributyl phosphate is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Tributyl phosphate is an organophosphorus compound widely used as a solvent in nuclear fuel reprocessing for the extraction of uranium and plutonium from other radionuclides.

The major uses of tributyl phosphate in industry are as a flame retardant component of aircraft hydraulic fluid and as a solvent for rare earth extraction and purification.
Minor uses of Tributyl phosphate include use as a defoamer additive in cement casings for oil wells, as an anti-air entrainment additive for coatings and floor finishes, as a solvent in nuclear fuel processing, and as a carrier for fluorescent dyes.

The microbial degradation of tributyl phosphate was carried out using Klebsiella pneumoniae S3 isolated from the soil.
The solubilization behavior of Tributyl phosphate in aqueous solutions of L64-Pluronics was studied using light and small angle neutron scattering (SANS).

Production of Tributyl Phosphate:
Tributyl phosphate is manufactured by reaction of phosphoryl chloride with n-butanol.

POCl3 + 3 C4H9OH → PO(OC4H9)3 + 3 HCl
Production is estimated at 3,000–5,000 tonnes worldwide.

Tributyl phosphate is manufactured by esterification of orthophosphoric acid with butyl alcohol.

This is a high volume chemical with production estimated at 3,000 – 5,000 tonnes worldwide.

Preparation of Tributyl Phosphate:
Tributyl phosphate is manufactured by reaction of phosphoryl chloride with n-butanol.
A 1-liter four-necked flask is fitted with an efficient condenser, an air-tight stirrer, a short-stemmed dropping funnel and a thermometer.

Calcium chloride tubes are attached to the top of dropping funnel and the reflux condenser.
137 ml (111 g) of dry n-butyl alcohol, 132.5 ml (130 g) of dry pyridine and 140 ml of dry benzene are placed in the flask, which is stirred and cooled in an ice-salt mixture until the temperature falls to – 5° C.

40.5 ml (76.5 g) of freshly redistilled (b.p. 106-107° C) phosphorus oxychloride are dropwise added from the funnel at such a rate that the temperature does not rise above 10° C.
When all phosphorus oxychloride has been added the reaction mixture is gently refluxed for 2 hours and cooled to room temperature.

250 ml of water are added in order to dissolve the pyridine hydrochloride, the benzene layer is separated, washed several times with water until the washings are neutral, and dried over anhydrous sodium or magnesium sulfate.
The benzene is removed by evaporation and crude tributyl phosphate is purified by distillation in a vacuum.
The fraction boiling at 160-162°/15 mm or 138-140°/6 mm is collected yielding 95 g of pure tributyl phosphate.

Purification Methods of Tributyl Phosphate:
The main contaminants in commercial samples are organic pyrophosphates, monoand dibutyl phosphates and butanol.
Tributyl phosphate is purified by washing successively with 0.2M HNO3 (three times), 0.2M NaOH (three times) and water (three times), then fractionally distilled under vacuum.

Tributyl phosphate has also been purified via Tributyl phosphate uranyl nitrate addition compound, obtained by saturating the crude phosphate with uranyl nitrate.
Tributyl phosphate is crystallised three times from n-hexane by cooling to -40o, and then decomposed by washing with Na2CO3 and water.

Hexane is removed by steam distillation; the water is then evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue is distilled under reduced pressure.
Alternatively, wash Tributyl phosphate with water, then with 1% NaOH or 5% Na2CO3 for several hours, then finally with water.

Dry Tributyl phosphate under reduced pressure and fractionate Tributyl phosphate carefully under vacuum.
Tributyl phosphate is a stable colourless oil, sparingly soluble in H2O (1mL dissolves in 165mL of H2O), but freely miscible in organic solvents.

The microbial degradation of tributyl phosphate was carried out using Klebsiella pneumoniae S3 isolated from the soil.
The solubilization behavior of Tributyl phosphate in aqueous solutions of L64-Pluronics was studied using light and small angle neutron scattering (SANS).

Extraction and Purification of Tributyl Phosphate:

Electronic: Purification of rare metals, such as Hafnium and Nickel
Nuclear: Purification of Uranium, Zirconium, Thorium and Platinum
Minerals: Purification of Phosphoric acid by wet process route
Cellulose: Solvent and plasticizer for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate

Flame retardant:
Aircraft industry for hydraulic fluids
Automotive industry for silicone based brake fluids

Defoaming Agent:
Oilfield: Fracturing gass wells, cementing oil mud wells
Construction chemicals: Concrete
Printing inks and paints: Continuous inkjet printing inks, pigment paste
Metallurgy: Metal casting
Detergence: Defoamer for dry cleaning and laundry

Wetting agent:
Textile and Adhesive Industry

Handling and Storage of Tributyl Phosphate:

Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics:
Dry lime or soda ash.

Safe Storage:
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
Separated from bases and strong oxidants.

Storage Conditions:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

First Aid Measures of Tributyl Phosphate:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, administer a slurry of activated charcoal in water and simultaneously call a hospital or poison control center.

IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Accidental Release Measures of Tributyl Phosphate:

Personal protection:
Filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of Tributyl phosphate.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Collect leaking liquid in sealable non-plastic containers.
Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Cleanup Methods of Tributyl Phosphate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Identifiers of Tributyl Phosphate:
CAS Number: 126-73-8
ChEBI: CHEBI:35019
ChemSpider: 29090
ECHA InfoCard: 100.004.365
KEGG: C14439
PubChem CID: 31357
UNII: 95UAS8YAF5
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3021986
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H27O4P/c1-4-7-10-14-17(13,15-11-8-5-2)16-12-9-6-3/h4-12H2,1-3H3
Key: STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C12H27O4P/c1-4-7-10-14-17(13,15-11-8-5-2)16-12-9-6-3/h4-12H2,1-3H3
Key: STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES: O=P(OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC

Synonym(s): TBP, TBPA
Linear Formula: (CH3(CH2)3O)3PO
CAS Number: 126-73-8
Molecular Weight: 266.31
Beilstein: 1710584
EC Number: 204-800-2
MDL number: MFCD00009436
PubChem Substance ID: 329752548

EC / List no.: 204-800-2
CAS no.: 126-73-8
Mol. formula: C12H27O4P

CAS number: 126-73-8
EC index number: 015-014-00-2
EC number: 204-800-2
Hill Formula: C₁₂H₂₇O₄P
Chemical formula: (C₄H₉O)₃PO
Molar Mass: 266.31 g/mol
HS Code: 2919 90 00

CAS: 126-73-8
Molecular Formula: C12H27O4P
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 266.32
MDL Number: MFCD00009436
InChI Key: STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 31357
ChEBI: CHEBI:35019
IUPAC Name: tributyl phosphate
SMILES: CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC

Properties of Tributyl Phosphate:
Chemical formula: C12H27O4P
Molar mass: 266.318 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless to pale-yellow liquid
Density: 0.9727 g/mL
Melting point: −80 °C (−112 °F; 193 K)
Boiling point: 289 °C (552 °F; 562 K)
Solubility in water: 0.4 g/L
Vapor pressure: 0.004 mmHg (25°C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4231 (at 20 °C)

Vapor density: 9.2 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200

Vapor pressure:
27 mmHg ( 178 °C)
7.3 mmHg ( 150 °C)

Assay: ≥99%
Form: liquid
Autoignition temp.: 770 °F
Refractive index: n20/D 1.424 (lit.)
bp: 180-183 °C/22 mmHg (lit.)
mp: −79 °C (lit.)

Solubility:
Organic solvents: miscible
Water: soluble (1mL in 165mL)

Density: 0.979 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC
InChI: 1S/C12H27O4P/c1-4-7-10-14-17(13,15-11-8-5-2)16-12-9-6-3/h4-12H2,1-3H3
InChI key: STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Boiling point: 289 °C (1013 hPa) (decomposition)
Density: 0.97 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Evaporation number: <0.001
Flash point: 146 °C
Ignition temperature: 400 °C
Melting Point: -79 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.008 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 6 g/l

Molecular Weight: 266.31 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 12
Exact Mass: 266.16469634 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 266.16469634 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 44.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Complexity: 175
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Tributyl Phosphate:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.976 - 0.978
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: -79.0°C
Density: 0.9790g/mL
Boiling Point: 289.0°C
Flash Point: 146°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99% min. (GC)
Packaging: Glass Bottle
Linear Formula: [CH3(CH2)3O]3P(O)
Refractive Index: 1.4230 to 1.4250
Quantity: 1 L
Beilstein: 01,II,397
Merck Index: 15,9781
Specific Gravity: 0.979
Viscosity: 3.5 mPa.s (25°C)
Formula Weight: 266.32
Percent Purity: 99+%
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Tributyl phosphate, 99%

Names of Tributyl Phosphate:

Regulatory process names:
Butyl phosphate
Butyl phosphate, ((BuO)3PO)
Butyl phosphate, tri-
Celluphos 4
Disflamoll TB
MCS 2495
Phosphoric acid, tributyl ester
TBP
Tri-n-butyl phosphate
Tributilfosfato
Tributoxyphosphine oxide
Tributyl phosphate
tributyl phosphate
Tributyle (phosphate de)
Tributylfosfaat
Tributylfosfat
Tributylphosphat

Translated names:
fosfato de tributilo (es)
fosfato de tributilo (pt)
Fosforan(V) tributylu (pl)
Fosforan(V) tributylu ortofosforan(V) tributylu (pl)
ortofosforan(V) tributylu (pl)
phosphate de tributyle (fr)
tributil fosfat (sl)
tributil-fosfat (hr)
tributil-foszfát (hu)
tributilfosfat (ro)
tributilfosfatas (lt)
tributilfosfato (it)
tributilfosfāts (lv)
tributyl-fosfát (cs)
tributyl-fosfát (sk)
tributylfosfaat (nl)
tributylfosfat (no)
tributylfosfat (sv)
tributylphosphat (da)
Tributylphosphat (de)
Tributyylifosfaatti (fi)
Tributüülfosfaat (et)
φωσφορικός τριβουτυλεστέρας (el)
трибутил фосфат (bg)

IUPAC names:
Phosphoric acid tributyl ester
tetrossofosfato (V) di tri-1-butile
Tributyl Phosphate
Tributyl phosphate
tributyl phosphate
Tributyl Phosphate
Tributyl phosphate
Tributyl phosphate (TBP)
Tributylphosphat

Trade names:
BAYSOLVEX TBP
Entschäumer T
Maslo Gazpromneft GL-4 75W-90
PHOSPHORIC ACID, TRIBUTYL ESTER
TBP
TRI-N-BUTYL PHOSPHATE
Tributyl phosphate
Tributylphosphat

Other identifiers:
015-014-00-2
1238174-19-0
126-73-8
15158-85-7
19824-61-4
329184-61-4
80094-39-9

Synonyms of Tributyl Phosphate:
TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE
126-73-8
Tri-n-butyl phosphate
Tributylphosphate
Phosphoric acid tributyl ester
Butyl phosphate
Tributylphosphat
Celluphos 4
Disflamoll TB
Phosphoric acid, tributyl ester
Tributilfosfato
Tributylfosfaat
Tributyle (phosphate de)
Butyl phosphate, tri-
Tributoxyphosphine oxide
Tributylfosfat
Butyl phosphate, ((BuO)3PO)
Phosphoric acid tri-n-butyl ester
UNII-95UAS8YAF5
NSC 8484
N-BUTYL PHOSPHATE
95UAS8YAF5
DTXSID3021986
CHEBI:35019
MFCD00009436
Tri-N-butylphosphate
DSSTox_CID_1986
Tributyl phosphate, 99+%
DSSTox_RID_76443
DSSTox_GSID_21986
tbpa
Tributylfosfat [Czech]
Tributylfosfaat [Dutch]
Tributilfosfato [Italian]
Tributylphosphat [German]
CAS-126-73-8
CCRIS 6106
HSDB 1678
Tributyle (phosphate de) [French]
MCS 2495
EINECS 204-800-2
BRN 1710584
AI3-00399
Tributylphsophate
Kronitex TBP
Tributyl ester of phosphoric acid
ACMC-20ajfh
Tributyle(phosphate de)
Phosphoric acid tributyl
tris(1-butyl) phosphate
Tributyl phosphate, 97%
Tributyl phosphate, 99%
bmse000777
EC 204-800-2
Syn-O-Ad 8412
SCHEMBL18570
Tributyl phosphate, >=99%
Phosphoric acid, tri-n-butyl ester
Tributyl phosphate, analytical standard
Tributyl phosphate 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane
Tributyl Phosphate 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Tributyl phosphate, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
Tributyl phosphate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
Tributyl phosphate, Selectophore(TM), >=98.0%
A805594
Q613394
J-005429
F1905-7225
Tributyl phosphate, 10 mug/mL in hexane, analytical standard
Tributyl phosphate, for extraction analysis, >=99.0% (GC)
Tri-n-butyl phosphate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Tributyl phosphate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
AURORA KA-1641
BUTYL PHOSPHATE
O,O,O-Tributylphosphate
TRIBUTYLPHOSPHATE extrapure
Nitrogen-Oxygen free radical piperidycol
Phosphoric acid tributyl
Tributyl phosphate 5g [126-73-8]
Tributyl phosphate 10g [126-73-8]
Tributyl phosphate, 99+% 1LT
Tributyl phosphate puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
Tributylphosph
Tributyl phosphate, 99%, analytical grade
Tributyl phosphate, Tri-n-butyl phosphate, Butyl phosphate,Phosphoric acid tri-n-butyl ester
ANTIFOAM T
Butyl phosphate, ((BuO)3PO)
Butyl phosphate, tri-
Celluphos 4
celluphos4
Disflamoll TB
disflamolltb
Kronitex TBP
mcs2495
Phos-Ad 100
phosphatedetributyle
Syn-O-Ad 8412
Tributilfosfato
Tributoxyphosphine oxide
tributoxyphosphineoxide
tributyl
Tributyl ester of phosphoric acid
Tributyle
Tributyle(phosphate de)
tributyle(phosphatede)
tributyle(phosphatede)(french)
Tributylfosfaat
Tributylfosfat
Tributylphosphat
tri-butylphosphat
tributylphosphate(tbp)
Tributylphsophate
TBP
N-BUTYL-O-PHOSPHORIC ACID
N-BUTYL PHOSPHATE
N-TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORIC ACID TRIBUTYL ESTER
PHOSPHORIC ACID TRI-N-BUTYL ESTER
TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE
TRI-N-BUTYL ORTHOPHOSPHATE
TRI-N-BUTYL PHOSPHATE
tributylphospate
Phosphorsuretri-n-butylester
TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE, 98+%
Tributyl Phosphsate
TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE, FOR EXTRACTION ANALY SIS
TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE, 99+%
TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE GC STANDARD
TributylPhosphate,Certified
linsuansandinhzi
TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE
126-73-8
Tri-n-butyl phosphate
Tributylphosphate
Butyl phosphate
Phosphoric acid tributyl ester
Tributylphosphat
Celluphos 4
Disflamoll TB
Phosphoric acid, tributyl ester
tbpa
Tributilfosfato
Tributylfosfaat
Tributyle (phosphate de)
TBP
Butyl phosphate, tri-
Tributoxyphosphine oxide
Tributylfosfat
Butyl phosphate, ((BuO)3PO)
Phosphoric acid tri-n-butyl ester
NSC 8484
DTXSID3021986
95UAS8YAF5
CHEBI:35019
TRI-N-BUTYL-D27 PHOSPHATE
NSC-8484
Tri-N-butylphosphate
DTXCID701986
Tributylfosfat [Czech]
Tributylfosfaat [Dutch]
Tributilfosfato [Italian]
Tributylphosphat [German]
CAS-126-73-8
TNBP
CCRIS 6106
HSDB 1678
Tributyle (phosphate de) [French]
MCS 2495
EINECS 204-800-2
UNII-95UAS8YAF5
BRN 1710584
AI3-00399
Tributylphsophate
Kronitex TBP
Tributyl ester of phosphoric acid
Tributyle(phosphate de)
Phosphoric acid tributyl
tris(1-butyl) phosphate
Tributyl phosphate, 97%
Tributyl phosphate, 99%
bmse000777
EC 204-800-2
Syn-O-Ad 8412
SCHEMBL18570
Tributyl phosphate, >=99%
4-01-00-01531 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BIDD:ER0345
TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE [MI]
CHEMBL1371096
NSC8484
TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE [HSDB]
Phosphoric acid, tri-n-butyl ester
Tox21_201872
Tox21_300107
MFCD00009436
WLN: 4OPO & O4 & O4
AKOS015995460
TRI-N-BUTYL PHOSPHATE [MART.]
Tributyl phosphate, analytical standard
NCGC00091588-01
NCGC00091588-02
NCGC00091588-03
NCGC00091588-04
NCGC00254202-01
NCGC00259421-01
FT-0657452
P0266
TRI-N-BUTYL PHOSPHATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Tributyl phosphate 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane
Tributyl Phosphate 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Tributyl phosphate, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
Tributyl phosphate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
Tributyl phosphate, Selectophore(TM), >=98.0%
A805594
Q613394
J-005429
F1905-7225
Tributyl phosphate, 10 mug/mL in hexane, analytical standard
Tri-n-butyl phosphate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Tributyl phosphate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
126-73-8 [RN]
1710584 [Beilstein]
203-777-6 [EINECS]
204-800-2 [EINECS]
butyl phosphate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
MFCD00009436 [MDL number]
n-butyl phosphate
Phosphate de tributyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Phosphoric acid tributyl ester
PHOSPHORIC ACID TRI-N-BUTYL ESTER
Phosphoric acid, tributyl ester [ACD/Index Name]
Phosphoric acid, tri-n-butyl ester
Phosphorsäuretributylester [German]
TBP
TC7700000
Tributilfosfato
Tributilfosfato [Italian]
Tributyl phosphate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
Tributyle (phosphate de) [French]
Tributylfosfaat
Tributylfosfaat [Dutch]
Tributylphosphat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Tributylphsophate
tri-n-butyl phosphate
Tri-n-butyl-phosphat [German]
Трибутилфосфат [Russian]
[126-73-8] [RN]
15158-85-7 [RN]
19824-61-4 [RN]
4-01-00-01531 [Beilstein]
4-01-00-01531 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
52933-01-4 [RN]
61196-26-7 [RN]
80094-39-9 [RN]
Butyl phosphate, tri-
Celluphos 4
Disflamoll TB
Dtxsid701016869
EINECS 204-800-2
Kronitex TBP
NCGC00091588-02
Phosphoric Acid Tributyl Ester-d27
Syn-O-Ad 8412
Tributilfosfato [Italian]
tributoxy-hydroxyphosphanium
tributoxy-hydroxy-phosphanium
tributoxy-hydroxyphosphonium
tributoxy-hydroxy-phosphonium
Tributoxyphosphine oxide
Tributyl ester of phosphoric acid
Tributyl phosphate 10 ?g/mL in Cyclohexane
Tributyle (phosphate de) [French]
Tributyle(phosphate de)
Tributylfosfaat [Dutch]
Tributylfosfat [Czech]
Tributylfosfat [Czech]
Tributylphosphat [German]
TRIBUTYLPHOSPHATE [Wiki]
Tri-n-butylphosphate
WLN: 4OPO & O4 & O4

Tributylamine is used as a solvent, an inhibitor in hydraulic fluids, a dental cement, and in isoprene polymerization.
Butyl amines are highly flammable, colorless liquids (n-turns yellow on standing) with ammoniacal or fishlike odors.
Tributylamine is a tertiary amine.

CAS: 102-82-9
MF: C12H27N
MW: 185.35
EINECS: 203-058-7

Tributylamine is a tertiary amine.
A pale yellow liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Less dense than water.
Very irritating to skin, mucous membranes, and eyes.
May be toxic by skin absorption.
Low toxicity.
Used as an inhibitor in hydraulic fluids.

Tributylamine is an organic compound with the molecular formula (C4H9)3N.
Tributylamine is a colorless liquid with an amine-like odor.
Tributylamine appears as a pale yellow liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Less dense than water.

Tributylamine Chemical Properties
Melting point: −70 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 216 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.778 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 6.38 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.3 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.428(lit.)
Fp: 146 °F
Storage temp.: Store at RT.
Solubility: sparingly soluble in water; soluble in most organic solvents; soluble in acetone and benzene; very soluble in alcohol and ether
pka: 9.99±0.50(Predicted)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear
Water Solubility: 0.386 g/L (25 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,9618
BRN: 1698872
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. Hygroscopic.
LogP: 3.34 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 102-82-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Tributylamine(102-82-9)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tributylamine (102-82-9)

Uses
Tributylamine is an important intermediate in the production of phase transfer catalysts like tributylmethylammonium chloride and tributylbenzylammonium chloride.
Tributylamine is also used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, surfactants, lubricant additives, vulcanization accelerators and dyes.
Tributylamine acts as a catalyst and as a solvent in organic syntheses and polymerization reactions.
Tributylamine serves as a strong base anion exchanger, acid acceptor, inhibitor in hydraulic fluids and an emulsifying agent.
Further, Tributylamine is used to prepare photographic chemicals.
Tributylamine is used as a solvent, an inhibitor in hydraulic fluids, a dental cement, and in isoprene polymerization.
Solvent, inhibitor in hydraulic fluids, intermediate.
Tributylamine is used as a catalyst (proton acceptor) and as a solvent in organic syntheses and polymerization (including polyurethanes).

Industrial uses
Tributylamine is used as a solvent, an inhibitor in hydraulic fluids and a chemical intermediate.
Tributylamine is also used as a catalyst in a wide range of chemical reactions, as an insecticide, an emulsifying agent and in dental cements.

Production Methods
Tributylamine is manufactured by vapor phase alkylation of ammonia with butanol to produce a technical grade compound.

Purification Methods
Purify the amine by fractional distillation from sodium under reduced pressure.
Pegolotti and Young heated the amine overnight with an equal volume of acetic anhydride, in a steam bath.
The amine layer was separated and heated with water for 2hours on the steam bath (to hydrolyse any remaining acetic anhydride).
The solution was cooled, solid K2CO3 was added to neutralize any acetic acid that had been formed, and the amine was separated, dried (K2CO3) and distilled at 44mm pressure.
Davis and Nakshbendi treated the amine with one-eighth of its weight of benzenesulfonyl chloride in aqueous 15% NaOH at 0-5o.
The mixture was shaken intermittently and allowed to warm to room temperature.
After a day, the amine layer was washed with aqueous NaOH, then water and dried with KOH.
(This treatment removes primary and secondary amines.)
Tributylamine was further dried with CaH2 and distilled under vacuum.

Reactivity Profile
Tributylamine can react with oxidizing materials.
Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Health Hazard
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

In an occupational setting, humans are primarily exposed to Tributylamine by the inhalation or dermal.
Tributylamine is poisonous when inhaled or ingested, acting as an alkaline corrosive agent.
Vapors can cause irritation of the nose and throat, distressed breathing and coughing.
Pneumonia and bronchitis may follow if respiratory tract infection ensues.
Inhalation or ingestion of Tributylamine has been found to cause harmful esophageal burns with the risk of perforation.
Direct contact can cause secondary burns.

Synonyms
TRIBUTYLAMINE
102-82-9
Tri-n-butylamine
N,N-dibutylbutan-1-amine
1-Butanamine, N,N-dibutyl-
N,N-Dibutyl-1-butanamine
Tributilamina
Tris[N-butylamine]
C3TZB2W0R7
DTXSID4026183
CHEBI:38905
Tris-n-butylamine
Amine, tributyl-
DTXCID406183
Tributilamina [Romanian]
CAS-102-82-9
CCRIS 4879
HSDB 877
EINECS 203-058-7
UN2542
UNII-C3TZB2W0R7
BRN 1698872
tributylamin
tributyl amine
tributyl-amine
trin-butylamine
tri n-butylamin
tri-butyl amine
AI3-15424
tri-n-butyl amine
tri-n-butyl-amine
Tri(n-butyl)amine
tris(1-butyl)amine
MFCD00009431
N,N-dibutylbutanamine
Bu3N
NBu3
n-Bu3N
SCHEMBL896
TRIBUTYLAMINE [MI]
N(n-Bu)3
EC 203-058-7
TRIBUTYLAMINE [HSDB]
Tributylamine, >=98.5%
N,N-Dibutyl-1-butanamine #
(n-C4H9)3N
CHEMBL1877658
Tox21_200423
Tox21_300020
BBL011498
STL146610
Tributylamine [UN2542] [Poison]
AKOS005721142
UN 2542
NCGC00164374-01
NCGC00164374-02
NCGC00164374-03
NCGC00254008-01
NCGC00257977-01
BP-30098
VS-02963
FT-0652663
T0357
EN300-19754
Tributylamine, puriss. plus, >=99.5% (GC)
Tributylamine, puriss. p.a., >=99.0% (GC)
Q905558
J-000810
J-525054
F0001-0072
InChI=1/C12H27N/c1-4-7-10-13(11-8-5-2)12-9-6-3/h4-12H2,1-3H

Tributylamine is used as a solvent, an inhibitor in hydraulic fluids, a dental cement, and in isoprene polymerization.
Butyl amines are highly flammable, colorless liquids (n-turns yellow on standing) with ammoniacal or fishlike odors.
Tributylamine is a tertiary amine.

CAS: 102-82-9
MF: C12H27N
MW: 185.35
EINECS: 203-058-7

Tributylamine is a tertiary amine.
A pale yellow liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Less dense than water.
Very irritating to skin, mucous membranes, and eyes.
May be toxic by skin absorption.
Low toxicity.
Used as an inhibitor in hydraulic fluids.

Tributylamine is an organic compound with the molecular formula (C4H9)3N.
Tributylamine is a colorless liquid with an amine-like odor.
Tributylamine appears as a pale yellow liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Less dense than water.

Tributylamine Chemical Properties
Melting point: −70 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 216 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.778 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 6.38 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.3 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.428(lit.)
Fp: 146 °F
Storage temp.: Store at RT.
Solubility: sparingly soluble in water; soluble in most organic solvents; soluble in acetone and benzene; very soluble in alcohol and ether
pka: 9.99±0.50(Predicted)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear
Water Solubility: 0.386 g/L (25 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,9618
BRN: 1698872
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. Hygroscopic.
LogP: 3.34 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 102-82-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Tributylamine(102-82-9)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tributylamine (102-82-9)

Uses
Tributylamine is an important intermediate in the production of phase transfer catalysts like tributylmethylammonium chloride and tributylbenzylammonium chloride.
Tributylamine is also used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, surfactants, lubricant additives, vulcanization accelerators and dyes.
Tributylamine acts as a catalyst and as a solvent in organic syntheses and polymerization reactions.
Tributylamine serves as a strong base anion exchanger, acid acceptor, inhibitor in hydraulic fluids and an emulsifying agent.
Further, Tributylamine is used to prepare photographic chemicals.
Tributylamine is used as a solvent, an inhibitor in hydraulic fluids, a dental cement, and in isoprene polymerization.
Solvent, inhibitor in hydraulic fluids, intermediate.
Tributylamine is used as a catalyst (proton acceptor) and as a solvent in organic syntheses and polymerization (including polyurethanes).

Industrial uses
Tributylamine is used as a solvent, an inhibitor in hydraulic fluids and a chemical intermediate.
Tributylamine is also used as a catalyst in a wide range of chemical reactions, as an insecticide, an emulsifying agent and in dental cements.

Production Methods
Tributylamine is manufactured by vapor phase alkylation of ammonia with butanol to produce a technical grade compound.

Purification Methods
Purify the amine by fractional distillation from sodium under reduced pressure.
Pegolotti and Young heated the amine overnight with an equal volume of acetic anhydride, in a steam bath.
The amine layer was separated and heated with water for 2hours on the steam bath (to hydrolyse any remaining acetic anhydride).
The solution was cooled, solid K2CO3 was added to neutralize any acetic acid that had been formed, and the amine was separated, dried (K2CO3) and distilled at 44mm pressure.
Davis and Nakshbendi treated the amine with one-eighth of its weight of benzenesulfonyl chloride in aqueous 15% NaOH at 0-5o.
The mixture was shaken intermittently and allowed to warm to room temperature.
After a day, the amine layer was washed with aqueous NaOH, then water and dried with KOH.
(This treatment removes primary and secondary amines.)
Tributylamine was further dried with CaH2 and distilled under vacuum.

Reactivity Profile
Tributylamine can react with oxidizing materials.
Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Health Hazard
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

In an occupational setting, humans are primarily exposed to Tributylamine by the inhalation or dermal.
Tributylamine is poisonous when inhaled or ingested, acting as an alkaline corrosive agent.
Vapors can cause irritation of the nose and throat, distressed breathing and coughing.
Pneumonia and bronchitis may follow if respiratory tract infection ensues.
Inhalation or ingestion of Tributylamine has been found to cause harmful esophageal burns with the risk of perforation.
Direct contact can cause secondary burns.

Synonyms
TRIBUTYLAMINE
102-82-9
Tri-n-butylamine
N,N-dibutylbutan-1-amine
1-Butanamine, N,N-dibutyl-
N,N-Dibutyl-1-butanamine
Tributilamina
Tris[N-butylamine]
C3TZB2W0R7
DTXSID4026183
CHEBI:38905
Tris-n-butylamine
Amine, tributyl-
DTXCID406183
Tributilamina [Romanian]
CAS-102-82-9
CCRIS 4879
HSDB 877
EINECS 203-058-7
UN2542
UNII-C3TZB2W0R7
BRN 1698872
tributylamin
tributyl amine
tributyl-amine
trin-butylamine
tri n-butylamin
tri-butyl amine
AI3-15424
tri-n-butyl amine
tri-n-butyl-amine
Tri(n-butyl)amine
tris(1-butyl)amine
MFCD00009431
N,N-dibutylbutanamine
Bu3N
NBu3
n-Bu3N
SCHEMBL896
TRIBUTYLAMINE [MI]
N(n-Bu)3
EC 203-058-7
TRIBUTYLAMINE [HSDB]
Tributylamine, >=98.5%
N,N-Dibutyl-1-butanamine #
(n-C4H9)3N
CHEMBL1877658
Tox21_200423
Tox21_300020
BBL011498
STL146610
Tributylamine [UN2542] [Poison]
AKOS005721142
UN 2542
NCGC00164374-01
NCGC00164374-02
NCGC00164374-03
NCGC00254008-01
NCGC00257977-01
BP-30098
VS-02963
FT-0652663
T0357
EN300-19754
Tributylamine, puriss. plus, >=99.5% (GC)
Tributylamine, puriss. p.a., >=99.0% (GC)
Q905558
J-000810
J-525054
F0001-0072
InChI=1/C12H27N/c1-4-7-10-13(11-8-5-2)12-9-6-3/h4-12H2,1-3H

Tributyltin oxide is a genotoxic compound that inhibits the activities of enzymes such as sulfamoyl chloride and hydroxyl group.
Tributyltin oxide (TBTO) is a chemical compound that the organometallic compounds belongs and primarily as underwater paint (fungicide) was used in shipbuilding.
Tributyltin oxide has the form of a colorless to pale yellow liquid that is only slightly soluble in water (20 ppm) but highly soluble in organic solvents.

CAS Number: 56-35-9
EC Number: 200-268-0
Chemical Formula: C24H54OSn2
Molar Mass: 596.112

Tributyltin oxide (TBTO) is an organotin compound chiefly used as a biocide (fungicide and molluscicide), especially a wood preservative.
Tributyltin oxide chemical formula is [(C4H9)3Sn]2O.

Tributyltin oxide is a colorless viscous liquid.
Tributyltin oxide is poorly soluble in water (20 ppm) but highly soluble in organic solvents.
Tributyltin oxide is a potent skin irritant.

Historically, tributyltin oxide's biggest application was as a marine anti-biofouling agent.
Concerns over toxicity of these compounds have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization.

Tributyltin oxide is now considered a severe marine pollutant and a Tributyltin oxide of Very High Concern by the EU.
Today, Tributyltin oxide is mainly used in wood preservation.

Tributyltin oxide is a genotoxic compound that inhibits the activities of enzymes such as sulfamoyl chloride and hydroxyl group.
Tributyltin oxide also causes cell lysis, which leads to bacterial death.

Tributyltin oxide has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Tributyltin oxide has also been shown to be effective against microbial infection in mice.
Tributyltin oxide is toxic to the liver, causing fatty changes and lesions, as well as decreased levels of atp and hepatic tissues.

Tributyltin oxide is an inorganic molecular entity.

Tributyltin oxide appears as clear pale yellow liquid.
Toxic by skin absorption or inhalation of vapors.
Tributyltin oxide is used as a bactericide, fungicide and chemical intermediate.

Tributyltin oxide is an organotin compound.
Tributyltins are the main active ingredients in certain biocides used to control a broad spectrum of organisms, and are also used in wood preservation, marine paints (as antifouling pesticides), and textiles and industrial water systems (as antifungal agents).

They also considered moderately to highly persistent organic pollutants and are especially hazardous to marine ecosystems.
The main toxic component of tributyltins is tin.

Tributyltin oxide is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Tributyltin oxide is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where Tributyltin oxide occurs as tin dioxide.

Tributyltin oxide (TBTO) is a chemical compound that the organometallic compounds belongs and primarily as underwater paint (fungicide) was used in shipbuilding.

Tributyltin oxide has the form of a colorless to pale yellow liquid that is only slightly soluble in water (20 ppm) but highly soluble in organic solvents.
Tributyltin oxide is used in Anti Fouling Paints and Wood Preservatives.
Tributyltin compounds had been used as marine anti-biofouling agents.

Tributyltin oxide, or, more formally, bis(tri-1-butyltin) oxide, is a rather nasty substance and a potent biocide.
Like most volatile organotin compounds, Tributyltin oxide can cause ill effects ranging from skin irritation to convulsions.

Tributyltin oxide main use is as a wood preservative.
Tributyltin oxide was formerly used as a marine anti-biofouling agent, but evidence of toxicity to marine animals led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization.
Other pesticide uses of the compound have also been discontinued.

Tributyltin oxide appears as thin, colourless to pale yellow, flammable and combustible liquid.
Tributyltin oxide is soluble in organic solvents.

Tributyltin oxide, or bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, is an organotin compound used as a biocide, fungicide, and molluscicide.
Tributyltin oxide is uses of tributyltin also include as an anti-fouling chemical in marine paints for boats, anti-fungal agent in textiles and industrial water systems, in cooling tower and refrigeration water systems, wood pulp preservative in paints and paper mill systems, inner surfaces of cardboard, and in the manufacturing processes of leather goods, textiles, wood, plastics, and mothproof stored garments.
In fact, TBT compounds are considered the most hazardous of all tin compounds.

Tributyltin oxide is an organotin compound used as a fungicide and molluscicide, particularly in wood preservation.
Tributyltin oxide was used as an active component in marine antifouling paints but is not longer used due to Tributyltin oxide toxicity and is considered a severe marine pollutant.

Tributyltin oxide is widely used in Europe for the preservation of timber, millwork, and wood joinery, eg, window sashes and door frames.
Tributyltin oxide is applied from organic solution by dipping or vacuum impregnation.

Tributyltin oxide imparts resistance to attack by fungi and insects but is not suitable for underground use.
An advantage of Tributyltin oxide is that Tributyltin oxide does not interfere with subsequent painting or decorative staining and does not change the natural color of the wood.

Tributyltin oxide (TBTO) is an organotin compound chiefly used as a biocide (fungicide and molluscicide), especially a wood preservative.
Tributyltin oxide has the form of a colorless to pale yellow liquid that is only slightly soluble in water (20 ppm) but highly soluble in organic solvents.

Tributyltin oxide is a potent skin irritant.
Tributyltin oxide had been used as marine anti-biofouling agents.

Concerns over toxicity of these compounds have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization.
Tributyltin oxide is now considered a severe marine pollutant and a Substance of Very High Concern by the EU.

Tributyltin oxide is used as an antifouling and biocide agent against fungi, algae and bacteria in paints and is an irritant.
Tributyltin oxide (TBTO) is a chemical compound that the organometallic compounds belongs and primarily as underwater paint ( fungicide ) was used in shipbuilding.

Tributyltin oxide is an organotin compound.
Tributyltin oxide are the main active ingredients in certain biocides used to control a broad spectrum of organisms, and are also used in wood preservation, marine paints (as antifouling pesticides), and textiles and industrial water systems (as antifungal agents).
They also considered moderately to highly persistent organic pollutants and are especially hazardous to marine ecosystems.

The main toxic component of Tributyltin oxide is tin.
Tributyltin oxide is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Tributyltin oxide is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where Tributyltin oxide occurs as tin dioxide

Tributyltin oxide is employed in the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated methyl ketones, isoxazoles.

Tributyltin oxide (TBTO), or bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, is an organotin compound chiefly used as a biocide (fungicide and molluscicide), especially a wood preservative.
Tributyltin oxide chemical formula is C24H54OSn2.

Tributyltin oxide has the form of a thin, colorless to pale yellow liquid with melting point -45 °C, boiling point 180 °C, and slight water solubility (20 ppm).
Tributyltin oxide is combustible and soluble in organic solvents.

Tributyltin oxide is available under names AW 75-D, Bio-Met TBTO, Biomet, Biomet 75, BTO, Butinox, C-SN-9, Hexabutyldistannoxane, Hexabutylditin, and others.
Tributyltin oxide is a potent skin irritant.

Tributyltin oxide had been used as marine anti-biofouling agents.
Concerns over toxicity of these compounds (some reports describe biological effects to marine life at a concentration of 1 nanogram per liter) have led to a world-wide ban by the International Maritime Organization.
Tributyltin oxide is now considered a severe marine pollutant.

Tributyltin oxide are organic derivatives of tetravalent tin.
They are characterized by the presence of covalent bonds between carbon atoms and a tin atom and have the general formula (n-C4H9)3Sn-X (where X isan anion).

The purity of commercial Tributyltin oxide is generally above 96%; the principal impurities are dibutyltin derivatives and, to a lesser extent, tetrabutyltin and other trialkyltin compounds.
Tributyltin oxide is a colourless liquid with a characteristic odour and a relative density of 1.17 to 1.18.

Tributyltin Oxide (TBTO) has been used as an anti-fouling paint on commercial ships for decades, inhibiting mollusks or barnacles from attaching themselves to ships.
However, Tributyltin oxide has also been recognized as a toxic chemical that causes reproductive defects in and death of crustaceans.
Tributyltin oxide is a common problem on both coasts of North America, and is a growing concern in the great lakes.

Tributyltin oxide, or, more formally, bis(tri-1-butyltin) oxide, is a rather nasty substance and a potent biocide.
Like most volatile organotin compounds, Tributyltin oxide can cause ill effects ranging from skin irritation to convulsions.

Tributyltin oxide main use is as a wood preservative.
Tributyltin oxide was formerly used as a marine anti-biofouling agent, but evidence of toxicity to marine animals led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization.
Other pesticide uses of the compound have also been discontinued.

Uses of Tributyltin oxide:
Tributyltin oxide is used as antimicrobial and slimicide for cooling-water treatment, disinfectant for hard-surface, sanitizer for laundry, mildewcides in water-based emulsion paints, preservative for timber, millwork, wood, textiles, paper, leather, and glass, and as fungicide and bactericide in underwater and antifouling paints.
Tributyltin oxide is also used as pesticide, molluscicide, rodent repellant, and insecticide.

Tributyltin oxide is used as a bactericide, fungicide, and chemical intermediate.
Tributyltin oxide is used as fungicide, disinfectant, algicide, microbiocide, and microbiostat for cooling tower water, wood preservation (paints, stains, and waterproofing formulations), hard surfaces (livestock, veterinary, and other animal facilities), building materials (drywall, joint compound MDF board, and particulate board), building material adhesives, and adhesives for other manufacturing applications.

Tributyltin oxide is also used to treat textile fabrics (except laundry and clothing), paper, fiberfill, foam, rope, sponges, and other materials.
Tributyltin oxides are also used in petrochemical injection fluids, metal working fluids, irrigation tubing for non-agricultural uses, rubber for sonar domes, and instruments for oceanographic observations.

Antimicrobials and slimicides for cooling-water treatment and as hard-surface disinfectants.
Also laundry sanitizers and mildewcides to prevent mildew formation in the dried film of water-based emulsion paints.

Tributyltin oxide is widely used in Europe for the preservation of timber, millwork, and wood joinery, e.g., window sashes and door frames.
Tributyltin oxide is used in fungicide and bactericide in underwater and antifouling paints, pesticide.

Tributyltins are the main active ingredients in certain biocides used to control a broad spectrum of organisms, and are also used in wood preservation, marine paints (as antifouling pesticides), and textiles and industrial water systems (as antifungal agents).

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Pulp and Paper Processing
Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing)
Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides)
Applying Wood Preservatives
Using Disinfectants or Biocides

General Manufacturing Information of Tributyltin oxide:
Tributyltin antifouling paint can be classified into three chemical groups based on the way the tributyltin is incorporated into the paint coating and subsequently released.

The first group includes paints in which the tributyltin active ingredient is mixed into the paint matrix and the tributyltin ion is released from the paint by diffusion.
These are called free association paints.

The second group has the tributyltin moiety chemically bound to the paint matrix.
These paints are called copolymer paints and under slightly alkaline conditions (such as sea water), the tributyltin ion is released by chemical hydrolysis.
Because the paint surface is softened by the loss of the tributyltin moiety, the outer layer is exposed.

A third category, tributyltin ablative paints, have characteristics of both groups.
The tributyltin active ingredient is mixed into the paint matrix, but because these are relatively soft paints, the surface ablates or sloughs off as the painted vessel moves through the water.

The use of tributyltin compounds in antifoulants are restricted because of their toxicity to aquatic organisms and EPA is cooperating in international efforts for a global phase-out.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Tributyltin oxide:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification of Tributyltin oxide:

Disinfectants of Tributyltin oxide:
Tributyltin oxide is used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity.
Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying spores as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms.
They are distinguished from antiseptics which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals.

Fungicides, Industrial of Tributyltin oxide:
Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.

Immunosuppressive Agents of Tributyltin oxide:
Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action.
Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting dna synthesis.

Others may act through activation of t-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells.
While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of interleukins and other cytokines are emerging.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion of Tributyltin oxide:
Tributyltin oxide is absorbed from the gut (20-50%, depending on the vehicle) & via the skin of mammals (approx 10%).
Other data suggest absorption in the 1-5% range via the skin.
Tributyltin oxide can be transferred across the blood-brain barrier & from the placenta to the fetus.

Absorbed material is rapidly & widely distributed among tissues (principally the liver and kidney).
The rate of Tributyltin oxide loss differs with different tissues.
Tributyltin oxide & its metabolites are eliminated principally via the bile.

Handling and Storage of Tributyltin oxide:

Nonfire Spill Response:

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material.
Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.

Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution.
Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store this material in a refrigerator.

Safe Storage:
Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

First Aid Measures of Tributyltin oxide:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used.
If not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic).
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them.

Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting.
Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care.

If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Tributyltin oxide:
Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.

Isolation and Evacuation of Tributyltin oxide:
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Tributyltin oxide:
Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Carefully collect remainder.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Cleanup Methods of Tributyltin oxide:
Do NOT wash away into sewer.
Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Disposal Methods of Tributyltin oxide:
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Preventive Measures of Tributyltin oxide:
Employees who handle Tributyltin oxide should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent & water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities.

If Tributyltin oxide gets on the skin, immediately flush with large amounts of water, then wash with soap or mild detergent & water.
If Tributyltin oxide soaks through the clothing, remove the clothing immediately & flush with large amounts of water & then wash using soap or mild detergent & water.
Get medical attention immediately.

Eating & smoking should not be permitted in areas where Tributyltin oxide is handled, processed, or stored.

The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting.
The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon Tributyltin oxide, but also on factors including the form of Tributyltin oxide, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.
However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.

In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Identifiers of Tributyltin oxide:
CAS Number: 56-35-9
ChEBI: CHEBI:81543
ChEMBL: ChEMBL511667
ChemSpider: 10218152
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.244
EC Number: 200-268-0
KEGG: C18149
PubChem CID: 16682746
RTECS number: JN8750000
UNII: 3353Q84MKM
UN number: 2788 3020 2902
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9020166
InChI: InChI=1S/6C4H9.O.2Sn/c6*1-3-4-2;;;/h6*1,3-4H2,2H3;;;
Key: APQHKWPGGHMYKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/6C4H9.O.2Sn/c6*1-3-4-2;;;/h6*1,3-4H2,2H3;;;/rC24H54OSn2/c1-7-13-19-26(20-14-8-2,21-15-9-3)25-27(22-16-10-4,23-17-11-5)24-18-12-6/h7-24H2,1-6H3
Key: APQHKWPGGHMYKJ-XAMPVVILAF
SMILES: CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC

Linear Formula: (CH3CH2CH2CH2)3SnOSn(CH2CH2CH2CH3)3
CAS Number: 56-35-9
Molecular Weight: 596.10
Beilstein: 745057
EC Number: 200-268-0
MDL number: MFCD00009418
PubChem Substance ID: 24891834
NACRES: NA.22

Substance name: Tributyltin oxide
EC number: 200-268-0
CAS number: 56-35-9

Formula: C₂₄H₅₄OSn₂
MW: 596,11 g/mol
Boiling Pt: 475 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1,17 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Storage Temperature: Ambient
MDL Number: MFCD00009418
CAS Number: 56-35-9
EINECS: 200-268-0
UN: 2788
ADR: 6.1,III

Properties of Tributyltin oxide:
Chemical formula: C24H54OSn2
Molar mass: 596.112
Appearance: colorless oil
Density: 1.17 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting point: −45 °C (−49 °F; 228 K)
Boiling point: 180 °C (356 °F; 453 K) at 2 mm Hg
Solubility in water: 20 mg/L
Solubility: Hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, THF
log P: 5.02

Vapor pressure: Quality Level: 200
Assay: 96%
Form: liquid
Refractive index: n20/D 1.486 (lit.)
bp: 180 °C/2 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.17 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC
InChI: 1S/6C4H9.O.2Sn/c6*1-3-4-2;;;/h6*1,3-4H2,2H3;;;
InChI key: APQHKWPGGHMYKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 596.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 20
Exact Mass: 596.22128
Monoisotopic Mass: 598.22187
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 27
Complexity: 246
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Names of Tributyltin oxide:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Hexabutyldistannoxane

Other names:
Bis(tributyltin) oxide, tri-n-butyltin oxide, bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, AW 75-D, Bio-Met TBTO, Biomet, Biomet 75, BTO, Butinox, C-SN-9

Synonyms of Tributyltin oxide:
Tributyltin oxide
56-35-9
BIS(TRIBUTYLTIN) OXIDE
TBTO
Hexabutyldistannoxane
Distannoxane, hexabutyl-
Bis(tributyltin)oxide
Butinox
Bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide
Lastanox Q
Biomet
Mykolastanox F
Biomet 66
Stannicide A
Bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide
Lastanox F
Lastanox T
Biomet TBTO
BioMeT SRM
Bis(tributylstannyl)oxide
Lastanox T 20
Tin, oxybis(tributyl-
Vikol AF-25
Vikol LO-25
Oxybis(tributylstannane)
Hexabutyl distannoxane
Oxyde de tributyletain
C-Sn-9
Bis(tributyloxide) of tin
Bis-(tri-n-butylcin)oxid
Oxybis(tributyltin)
Hexabutyldistannioxan
Bis(tri-N-butylzinn)-oxyd
Bis(tributylstannium) oxide
OTBE
Tin, bis(tributyl)-, oxide
Kyslicnik tri-N-butylcinicity
ENT 24,979
Stannane, tri-N-butyl-, oxide
tributyl(tributylstannyloxy)stannane
L.S. 3394
NSC 22332
Oxybis[tributyltin]
6-Oxa-5,7-distannaundecane, 5,5,7,7-tetrabutyl-
Bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, technical grade
Stannane, oxide
3353Q84MKM
NSC-22332
Bis(tributyltin oxide)
oxybis(tributyl tin)
Oxybis[tributylstannane]
Distannoxane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexabutyl-
bis(tributyl tin)oxide
OTBE [French]
Caswell No. 101
6-Oxa-5, 5,5,7,7-tetrabutyl-
HBD
Hexabutyldistannioxan [Czech]
CCRIS 3697
WLN: 4-SN-4&4&O-SN-4&4&4
HSDB 6505
Bis-(tri-n-butylcin)oxid [Czech]
Bis(tri-n-butylzinn)-oxyd [German]
EINECS 200-268-0
Tributyltin oxide (TBTO)
Kyslicnik tri-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 083001
ZK 21995
tributyltinoxide
UNII-3353Q84MKM
AI3-24979
tributyltin hydrate
Tributyl tin oxide
hexabutyidistannoxane
MFCD00009418
TBOT
Tributyltin(IV) oxide
(nBu3Sn)2O
Tributyltin(IV) oxide;
(Bu3Sn)2O
bis(tributyl stannyl)oxide
EC 200-268-0
bis (tri-n-butyltin) oxide
bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)oxide
SCHEMBL19183
Keycide X-10 (Salt/Mix)
bis(tri-n-butylstannyl) oxide
Bis[tri-n-butyltin(IV)]oxide
Bis(tributyltin) oxide, 96%
TBTO (Bis(tributyltin) oxide)
DTXSID9020166
TRIBUTYLTIN OXIDE [HSDB]
APQHKWPGGHMYKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-
CHEBI:81543
NSC22332
NSC28132
Tox21_203001
NSC-28132
tributyl[(tributylstannyl)oxy]stannane
AKOS015909709
ZINC169743007
CAS-56-35-9
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexabutyldistannoxane #
NCGC00163942-01
NCGC00163942-02
NCGC00260546-01
BP-20397
TBTO, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
FT-0623098
C18149
EN300-219085
A831016
Q384794

TRI-C14-15 ALKYL CITRATE N° CAS : 222721-94-0 Nom INCI : TRI-C14-15 ALKYL CITRATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Calcium Phosphate Tribasic; Tricalcium diphosphate; Bone phosphate; Calcium orthophosphate; Calcium Phosphate; Calcium phosphate (3:2); Calcium tertiary phosphate; Phosphoric acid, calcium salt (2:3); Phosphoric acid, calcium(2+) salt (2:3); Tertiary calcium phosphate; Tribasic calcium phosphate; Tricalcium orthophosphate; cas no: 7758-87-4

Tricalcium citrate, a naturally occurring chemical in most plants and animals, is the calcium salt derived from citric acid.
Tricalcium citrate is present in foods which have naturally occurring citric acid.
Tricalcium citrate is used as a calcium supplement and may be used to treat conditions caused by low calcium levels such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany).

CAS: 813-94-5
MF: C12H10Ca3O14
MW: 498.43
EINECS: 212-391-

Tricalcium citrate is white powder, odorless, slightly hygroscopic.
Tricalcium citrate is slightly soluble in water, soluble in acid, almost insoluble in ethanol.
The crystal water is heated to 100 ° C to gradually lose moisture, and completely loses water at 120 ° C.
Tricalcium citrate may be chemopreventive for colon and other cancers.
Tricalcium citrate is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, and as a nutrient, sequestrant, buffer, antioxidant, firming agent, acidity regulator (in jams and jellies, soft drinks and wines), as a raising agent and an emulsifying salt.
Tricalcium citrate is also used to improve the baking properties of flours and as a stabilizer.

Tricalcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid.
Tricalcium citrate is commonly used as a food additive (E333), usually as a preservative, but sometimes for flavor.
In this sense, Tricalcium citrate is similar to sodium citrate.
Tricalcium citrate is also used as a water softener because the citrate ions can chelate unwanted metal ions.
Tricalcium citrate is also found in some dietary calcium supplements (e.g. Citracal).
Calcium makes up 21% of calcium citrate by weight.
Tricalcium citrate is an organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio.
Tricalcium citrate has a role as a nutraceutical, a food additive, a food preservative and a flavouring agent.
Tricalcium citrate contains a citrate(3-).

Tricalcium citrate is a type of calcium salt derived from citric acid.
Tricalcium citrate is an important mineral supplement used in a variety of applications, including dietary supplements, food fortification, and laboratory experiments.
Tricalcium citrate has several advantages over other forms of calcium supplementation, such as better absorption and solubility in water.

Tricalcium citrate is used in a variety of scientific research applications.
Tricalcium citrate is often used as a buffer in biochemical and physiological experiments.
Tricalcium citrate can also be used as a nutrient supplement in cell culture media.
Tricalcium citrate is also used in the production of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Additionally, Tricalcium citrate is used in the production of food additives and food fortification.

Tricalcium citrate is a mineral supplement that is absorbed into the body through the digestive system.
Once absorbed, Tricalcium citrate is transported to the bones and other tissues where it is used for various biochemical processes.
Tricalcium citrate is also used to regulate the electrical activity of the heart and other organs.
Additionally, Tricalcium citrate is used to regulate the activity of certain enzymes and hormones.

Tricalcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid.
Tricalcium citrate is commonly used as a food additive (E333), usually as a preservative, but sometimes for flavor.
In this sense, Tricalcium citrate is similar to sodium citrate.
Tricalcium citrate is also found in some dietary calcium supplements (e.g. Citracal or Caltrate).
Calcium makes up 24.1% of calcium citrate (anhydrous) and 21.1% of calcium citrate (tetrahydrate) by mass.
The tetrahydrate occurs in nature as the mineral Earlandite.

Tricalcium citrate Chemical Properties
Solubility: 0.1 M HCl: 0.01 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Odor: at 100.00%. odorless
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: -1.721 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 813-94-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tricalcium citrate (813-94-5)

Tricalcium citrate is sparingly soluble in water.
Needle-shaped crystals of tricalcium dicitrate tetrahydrate [Ca3(C6H5O7)2(H2O)2]·2H2O were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis.
The crystal structure comprises a three-dimensional network in which eightfold coordinated Ca2+ cations are linked by citrate anions and hydrogen bonds between two non-coordinating crystal water molecules and two coordinating water molecules.

Production Methods
Tricalcium citrate is an intermediate in the isolation of citric acid from the fermentation process by which citric acid is produced industrially.
The citric acid in the broth solution is neutralized by calcium hydroxide, precipitating insoluble Tricalcium citrate.
This is then filtered off from the rest of the broth and washed to give clean Tricalcium citrate.
The calcium citrate thus produced may be sold as-is, or Tricalcium citrate may be converted to citric acid using dilute sulfuric acid.

3 Ca(OH)2(s) + 2 C6H8O7(l) → Ca3(C6H5O7)2(s) + 6 H2O(l)
The Tricalcium citrate thus produced may be sold as-is, or Tricalcium citrate may be converted to citric acid using dilute sulfuric acid.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Tricalcium citrate is more easily absorbed (bioavailability is 2.5 times higher than calcium carbonate); Tricalcium citrate is easier to digest and less likely to cause constipation and gas than calcium carbonate.
Tricalcium citrate can be taken without food and is more easily absorbed than calcium carbonate on an empty stomach.
Tricalcium citrate is also believed that it contributes less to the formation of kidney stones.
Tricalcium citrate consists of around 24% Ca2+, which means that 1000 mg calcium citrate contains around 240 mg Ca2+.
The lower Ca2+ content together with the higher price makes Tricalcium citrate a more expensive treatment option compared to calcium carbonate, but its slightly different application field can justify this.

Biological Activity
In many individuals, bioavailability of Tricalcium citrate is found to be equal to that of the cheaper calcium carbonate.
However, alterations to the digestive tract may change how calcium is digested and absorbed.
Unlike calcium carbonate, which is basic and neutralizes stomach acid, Tricalcium citrate has no effect on stomach acid.
Individuals who are sensitive to antacids or who have difficulty producing adequate stomach acid should choose Tricalcium citrate over calcium carbonate for supplementation.
According to recent research into calcium absorption after gastric bypass surgery , Tricalcium citrate may have improved bioavailability over calcium carbonate in Rouxen- Y gastric bypass patients who are taking calcium citrate as a dietary supplement after surgery.
Tricalcium citrate is mainly due to the changes related to where calcium absorption occurs in the digestive tract of these individuals.

Synthesis Method
Tricalcium citrate is synthesized by combining calcium hydroxide and citric acid.
Calcium hydroxide is a white, odorless powder that is soluble in water.
Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is found naturally in citrus fruits.
The synthesis of Tricalcium citrate is a simple and straightforward process.
First, the calcium hydroxide and citric acid are mixed together in a ratio of 1:2.
The mixture is then heated to a temperature of 80-90°C.
At this temperature, the calcium hydroxide reacts with the citric acid to form calcium citrate.
The reaction is complete when the mixture has cooled to room temperature.

Side Effects
Tricalcium citrate is a calcium salt derived from citric acid, a nutritional supplement for the prevention and treatment of calcium deficiency, Tricalcium citrate can promote the health of teeth and bones, and help to lose weight.
Because Tricalcium citrate is soluble in water, Tricalcium citrate is the most easily absorbed calcium by the human body.
Although there are many benefits, but there are also some side effects.
Common side effects include bloating, constipation, and hiccups.
If symptoms such as constipation, Nausea, Vomit, dry mouth or decreased appetite occur after taking calcium citrate, Tricalcium citrate should be stopped immediately and contact the doctor in time.
Serious side effects include Dyspnea, difficulty swallowing, bone or Myalgia, severe weight loss, frequent urination, thirst, irregular heart rate and weakness, etc.

Synonyms
Calcium citrate
813-94-5
Tricalcium dicitrate
Acicontral
TRICALCIUM CITRATE
Calcitrate
Citracal
Citrical
Calcium citrate, tribasic
Tribasic calcium citrate
Calcium citrate [USAN]
Calcium Citrate anhydrous
HSDB 5756
Citric acid, calcium salt (2:3)
EINECS 212-391-7
Calcium 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (3:2)
tricalcium citrate tetrahydrate
INS NO.333(III)
UNII-86117BWO7P
INS-333(III)
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid calcium salt (2:3)
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, calcium salt (2:3)
86117BWO7P
E-333(III)
tricalcium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Calcimax
EC 212-391-7
7693-13-2
Calcium (as citrate)
calcium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (3:2)
calciumcitrate
Lime citrate
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, calcium salt
Calcium Citrate Powder
calcium citrate tribasic
Calcium Citrate USP, FCC
tricalcium bis(citric acid)
CALCIUM CITRATE [MI]
CALCIUM CITRATE [HSDB]
C6H8O7.3/2Ca
CHEMBL2106123
DTXSID7061148
CALCIUM CITRATE [WHO-DD]
citric acid calcium salt (2:3)
CHEBI:190513
FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H
C6-H8-O7.3/2Ca
AKOS015839590
DB11093
Calcium Citrate Malate Glycinate 21% 40M
LS-180488
Q420280
Calcium Citrate Malate Carbonate 23%, Coarse Granu
J-509604
calcium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (3/2)
tricalcium bis(2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid)

Tricalcium phosphate is a compound with formula Ca3(PO4)2.
Tricalcium Phosphate is also known as calcium orthophosphate, tertiary calcium phosphate, tribasic calcium phosphate, or "bone ash" (calcium phosphate being one of the main combustion products of bone).


CAS Number: 7758-87-4
EC Number: 231-840-8
MDL Number: MFCD00015984
Molecular formula: Ca3(PO4)2



SYNONYMS:
Calcium phosphate, Tribasic calcium phosphate, tricalcium bis(phosphate), Calcium Hydroxyapitite, Calcium Phosphate Tribasic, Durapatite, E 341, Hydroxyapatite, TCP, Tricalcium Orthophosphate, Tricalcium Phosphate, Tricalcium Phosphate Orthophosphate, Calcium Phosphate, Tribasic, Pentacalcium Hidroxy Monophosphate, Calcium Hydroxyapatite, Tricalcium Monophosphate, Calcium orthophosphate, Tertiary calcium phosphate, Tribasic calcium phosphate, Bone ash, β-Calcium phosphate tribasic, β-Tricalcium phosphate, tri-Calcium (ortho)phosphate, tert-Calcium phosphate, tricalcium;diphosphate, TCP, Calcium orthophosphate, Tricalcium diphosphate, Calcium phosphate tribasic, Calcigenol simple, Tricalcium orthophosphate, Tribasic calcium phosphate, Synthos, α-tri-Calcium phosphate, β-Calcium phosphate, β-Tricalcium phosphate, β-tri-Calcium phosphate, tert-Calcium phosphate, tri-Calcium (ortho)phosphate, calcium diphosphate, calcium phosphate, calcium phosphate (3:2), tricalcium bis(orthophosphate), tricalcium bis(phosphate), tricalcium diphosphate, tricalcium orthophosphate, tricalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2), tricalcium;diphosphate, Tribasic calcium phosphate, Bone phosphate of lime, Calcium phosphate, Calcium Hydroxyapitite, Calcium Phosphate Tribasic, Durapatite, E 341, Hydroxyapatite, TCP, Tricalcium Orthophosphate, Tricalcium Phosphate, Tricalcium Phosphate Orthophosphate, Tribasic Calcium Phosphate and Bone Phosphate of Lime, BPL, Calcium Orthophosphate, Hydroxylapatite, Precipitated Calcium Phosphate, Tertiary Calcium Phosphate, Tricalcium Diorthophosphate, E341, TRI-CAL WG, TRI-TAB, Tri-Cafos



Various calcium phosphates are used as diluents in the pharmaceutical industry.
Diluents are added to pharmaceutical tablets or capsules to make Tricalcium Phosphate large enough for swallowing and handling, and more stable.
Some Tricalcium Phosphate salts can be anhydrous, meaning the water has been removed from the salt form.


Other calcium phosphates are termed dibasic, meaning they have two replaceable hydrogen atoms.
There is no evidence in the available information on Tricalcium Phosphate that demonstrates or suggests reasonable grounds to suspect a hazard to the public when they are used at levels that are now current or that might reasonably be expected in the future.


Tricalcium Phosphate is the inorganic salt that consists of a variable mixture of calciumphosphates having the approximate composition.
Tricalcium Phosphate is the calcium salt of phosphiric acid.
Tricalcium Phosphate is used in the food industry as an anticaking agent and has the E number E341.


Tricalcium Phosphate is a white crystalline powder
Tricalcium phosphate is a compound with formula Ca3(PO4)2.
Tricalcium Phosphate is also known as calcium orthophosphate, tertiary calcium phosphate, tribasic calcium phosphate, or "bone ash" (calcium phosphate being one of the main combustion products of bone).


Tricalcium Phosphate has an alpha and a beta crystal form, the alpha state being formed at high temperatures.
As rock, Tricalcium Phosphate is found in Whitlockite.
Tricalcium Phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid that is commonly used as an ingredient in food products and nutritional supplements.


Tricalcium phosphate typically comes in a fine white powder that is almost insoluble in water.
Its chalky texture makes Tricalcium Phosphate useful as a free-flowing agent.
Tricalcium phosphate is not considered toxic or irritating unless ingested in very high concentrations, and it is considered safe as a food additive within recommended limits.


While it is slightly soluble in water, tricalcium phosphate is insoluble in alcohols and acetic acid.
Tricalcium phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid.
Tricalcium Phosphate's primary function is to increase the calcium content of foods.


Tricalcium Phosphate is almost insoluble in water, has a very low flavor profile and usually comes in a fine white powder.
Tricalcium phosphate is an ingredient that is heavily used across many other industries besides food – toothpaste, antacids, baby powder, water filtration, nutritional supplements, and ceramic coatings.


Tricalcium Phosphate is a calcium and phosphorus source derived from bone, mineral rock or milk.
Tricalcium Phosphate can be used to supplement calcium and phosphorus in equine diets, but it is less common than dicalcium phosphate.
Tricalcium Phosphate is an inorganic mineral excipient and calcium salt of orthophosphoric acid.


Tricalcium Phosphate corresponds to the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2 and the Ca/P ratio is 1.5.
Although it occurs naturally in the mineral apatite, Tricalcium Phosphate is obtained synthetically by reacting calcium hydroxide with orthophosphoric acid.
Tricalcium Phosphate is supplied as a white, odourless, tasteless powder or crystalline solid.


Tricalcium Phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2.
Tricalcium Phosphate is also known as tribasic calcium phosphate and bone phosphate of lime (BPL).
Tricalcium Phosphate is a white solid of low solubility.


Most commercial samples of "Tricalcium Phosphate" are in fact hydroxyapatite.
Tricalcium Phosphate appears in white or slightly yellow powder form.
Tricalcium Phosphate is moderately soluble in water.


Tricalcium Phosphate can be easily dissolved in dilute acids.
The usage rate varies between 1% and 5% depending on the effect of Tricalcium Phosphate and its interaction with other substances.
Tricalcium Phosphate is an important raw material for the production of phosphoric acid and fertilizers, for example in the Odda process.


Tricalcium Phosphate appears as a white, odourless with a crystalline structure.
Tricalcium Phosphate, is a naturally occurring inorganic compound that plays a significant role in various fields, including medicine, food production, and materials science.


Tricalcium Phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2.
Tricalcium Phosphate is also known as tribasic calcium phosphate and bone phosphate of lime (BPL).
Calcium phosphates are white solids of nutritious value and can be found in many living organisms, e.g, bone mineral and tooth enamel.


Tricalcium Phosphate is a supplement form of calcium phosphate used to treat or prevent calcium deficiency.
Tricalcium Phosphate is considered safe to use as a food additive and supplement.
Tricalcium Phosphate, more commonly known as Calcium phosphate, is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2.


Tricalcium Phosphate is also known as tribasic calcium phosphate and bone phosphate of lime (BPL).
Tricalcium Phosphate is a white solid of low solubility.
Most commercial samples of "Tricalcium Phosphate" are in fact hydroxyapatite.


Tricalcium Phosphate exists as three crystalline polymorphs α, α′, and β.
The α and α′ states of Tricalcium Phosphate are stable at high temperatures.
Tricalcium Phosphate consists of calcium and phosphate ions, making it a vital component of bones and teeth in humans and animals.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
Misc: Tricalcium Phosphate can be used as a free flow agent, its also used in ceramics, polymers and chemical industries.
Tricalcium Phosphate is also used as a nutritional supplement.
There is some debate about the different bioavailabilities of the different calcium salts.


Tricalcium Phosphate is commonly used in porcelain and dental powders, and medically as an antacid or calcium supplement, although calcium carbonate is more common in this regard.
Tricalcium Phosphate is used in powdered spices as an anti-caking agent.


Tricalcium Phosphate can be used as a calcium and/or phosphorus nutrient supplement in pharmaceuticals and multivitamins.
Tricalcium Phosphate can be used as an excipient in the preparation of tablets for pharmaceutical or over-the-counter (e.g., multivitamin) products.
Tricalcium Phosphate can be used as a desensitizer in certain toothpaste formulations.


Tricalcium Phosphate is used as an anticoagulant, nutritional supplement, calcium intensifier, and a pH regulator.
Tricalcium Phosphate is a white powder which has low solubility in water.
Tricalcium Phosphate is used in dairy products, pudding, wine, carbonated beverages, candy, jams, meats and powdered spices.


Tricalcium Phosphate also sees use in a wide range of other products from toothpaste and antacids to water filtration systems and bone grafting material.
Due to its white color, Tricalcium Phosphate can also be used to bleach flour and to improve coloring.
And due to its mineral source, tricalcium phosphate can be used in vegan foods and is also allowed in certified organic products in the US.


Tricalcium Phosphate is a mineral that is used as a supplement in people who do not get enough calcium from food.
Tricalcium Phosphate is used to treat calcium deficiencies that may be associated with low blood calcium, a parathyroid disorder, or osteoporosis and other bone conditions.


Tricalcium Phosphate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Tricalcium Phosphate is used bakery.
Tricalcium Phosphate is used leavening acids allow tailored bakery solutions for home and industrial baking.


Beverage uses of Tricalcium Phosphate: Phosphates, phosphoric acid and complex blends provide solutions for many beverage applications.
Dairy uses of Tricalcium Phosphate: Specialties that provide fundamental functionalities in dairy products enhancing appearance, eating quality and shelf life.


Uses and Applications of Tricalcium Phosphate: Anticaking Agent; Buffering Agent; Dietary Supplement; Glidant, and Tablet and Capsule Diluent.
Tricalcium Phosphate, known as Ca3(PO4)2 or tribasic calcium phosphate, is a vital mineral compound with diverse applications.
Primarily recognized for its role in bone health, Tricalcium Phosphate supplies both calcium and phosphorus, essential for strong bones and teeth, aiding in the prevention of bone loss and osteoporosis.


Beyond dietary supplements, Tricalcium Phosphate finds use in dental products and as an industrial additive.
Notably, commercial “Tricalcium Phosphate” samples often comprise hydroxyapatite, widely employed in dental and medical contexts for its biocompatibility and bone growth promotion.


Tricalcium Phosphate's versatility spans pharmaceuticals, food additives, and industrial applications, contributing to the well-being of individuals and various industries.
Tricalcium Phosphate often functions as a mattifier, opacifier and emulsion stabilizer in cosmetic products.


This inorganic compound, Tricalcium Phosphate, is widely used, especially in powder and powder-based cosmetic products.
Thanks to its mattifying feature, Tricalcium Phosphate helps reduce shine and oiliness in oily skin, while it helps to give whiteness and opacity to the products thanks to its opacifying effect.


Additionally, Tricalcium Phosphate helps stabilize the mixture of water and oil phases in cosmetic products containing water and oil, supporting the homogeneity of the products.
Tricalcium Phosphate is a mineral salt found in rocks and bones, it is used in cheese products.


Another practical application of Tricalcium Phosphate is its use in gene transfection.
The calcium ions can make a cell competent (a euphemism for "rip holes in its membrane") to allow exogenous genes to enter the cell by diffusion.
A heat shock afterwards then invokes the cell to repair itself.


This is a quick and easy method for transfection, albeit a rather inefficient one.
Tricalcium phosphate is also used as an anti-caking agent in powdered food items and as an additive in some processed foods to boost calcium content.


-Uses of Tricalcium Phosphate
Supplement use should be individualized and vetted by a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian, pharmacist, or healthcare provider.
No supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease.

Tricalcium phosphate is one of many forms of calcium supplements available.
Some people take calcium supplements if they are not getting enough calcium from their diet alone.
Calcium supplements have also been shown to help maintain bone density and prevent osteoporosis.


-Manufacturing and Agriculture: Tricalcium Phosphate can be used as water treatment, as a source of phosphorus, and in the production of fertilizers.
Also Tricalcium Phosphate's a common anti-caking ingredient.


-Science:
Tricalcium Phosphate is used in materials science for its excellent thermal stability and chemical resistance.
Tricalcium Phosphate is used as a ceramic material in the fabrication of high-temperature resistant coatings, catalysts, and as a component in the production of specialized glasses and ceramics.


-Medical and Health:
Tricalcium Phosphate is used as material for bone grafts and dental implants due to its similarity to natural bone mineral.
Tricalcium Phosphate's also an added ingredient in toothpaste, antiacids and medical supplies.


-Applications of Tricalcium Phosphate in Pharma:
*Calcium Supplement in Tablets:
Utilize Tricalcium Phosphate, Heavy, as a calcium supplement in tablet formulations, promoting bone health.
*Filler in Capsules:
Incorporate into capsule formulations as a filler, enhancing the content uniformity and stability.


-Food additive uses of Tricalcium Phosphate:
Tricalcium Phosphate is used in powdered spices as an anticaking agent, e.g. to prevent table salt from caking.
The calcium phosphates have been assigned European food additive number E341.


-Health and beauty products uses of Tricalcium Phosphate:
Tricalcium Phosphate is also found in baby powder, antacids and toothpaste.
Toothpastes with functionalized β-tricalcium phosphate (fTCP) may help remineralize tooth enamel.


-Biomedical uses of Tricalcium Phosphate:
Tricalcium Phosphate is also used as a nutritional supplement and occurs naturally in cow milk, although the most common and economical forms for supplementation are calcium carbonate (which should be taken with food) and calcium citrate (which can be taken without food).

There is some debate about the different bioavailabilities of the different calcium salts.
Tricalcium Phosphate can be used as a tissue replacement for repairing bony defects when autogenous bone graft is not feasible or possible.
Tricalcium Phosphate may be used alone or in combination with a biodegradable, resorbable polymer such as polyglycolic acid.

Tricalcium Phosphate may also be combined with autologous materials for a bone graft.
Porous β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds are employed as drug carrier systems for local drug delivery in bone.



STRUCTURE OF β-, α- and α′- Ca3(PO4)2 POLYMORPHS OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
Tricalcium Phosphate has three recognised polymorphs, the rhombohedral β form (shown above), and two high temperature forms, monoclinic α and hexagonal α′.
β-Tricalcium phosphate has a crystallographic density of 3.066 g cm−3 while the high temperature forms are less dense, α-tricalcium phosphate has a density of 2.866 g cm−3 and α′-tricalcium phosphate has a density of 2.702 g cm−3

All forms have complex structures consisting of tetrahedral phosphate centers linked through oxygen to the calcium ions.
The high temperature forms each have two types of columns, one containing only calcium ions and the other both calcium and phosphate.

There are differences in chemical and biological properties between the β and α forms, the α form is more soluble and biodegradable.
Both forms are available commercially and are present in formulations used in medical and dental applications



PREPARATION OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
Tricalcium Phosphate is produced commercially by treating hydroxyapatite with phosphoric acid and slaked lime.
It cannot be precipitated directly from aqueous solution.

Typically double decomposition reactions are employed, involving a soluble phosphate and calcium salts, e.g. (NH4)2HPO4 + Ca(NO3)2.[6] is performed under carefully controlled pH conditions.

The precipitate will either be "amorphous tricalcium phosphate", ATCP, or calcium deficient hydroxyapatite, CDHA, Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH), (note CDHA is sometimes termed apatitic calcium triphosphate).

Crystalline tricalcium phosphate can be obtained by calcining the precipitate. β-Ca3(PO4)2 is generally formed, higher temperatures are required to produce α-Ca3(PO4)2.

An alternative to the wet procedure entails heating a mixture of a calcium pyrophosphate and calcium carbonate:
CaCO3 + Ca2P2O7 → Ca3(PO4)2 + CO2



IN FOOD MANUFACTURING, FUNCTIONS OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
In food manufacturing, tricalcium phosphate performs a variety of functions including:
*Acidity regulator
*Anticaking agent
*Buffer
*Calcium fortifier
*Emulsifier
*Firming agent
*Humectant in table salts, sugar, or baking powder
*Stabilizer in some fats
*Leavening agent
*Thickener



NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
Tricalcium Phosphate is found in nature as a rock in Morocco, Israel, Philippines, Egypt, and Kola (Russia) and in smaller quantities in some other countries.
The natural form of Tricalcium Phosphate is not completely pure, and there are some other components like sand and lime which can change the composition.
In terms of P2O5, most calcium phosphate rocks have a content of 30% to 40% P2O5 in weight.



RELATED SALTS OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
Dicalcium phosphate CaHPO4 (also calcium monohydrogen phosphate)
Monocalcium phosphate Ca(H2PO4)2 (also calcium dihydrogen phosphate)
Calcium pyrophosphate Ca2P2O7 (occurs as alpha, beta and gamma phases)



KEY FEATURES OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
*Pharmaceutical-Grade Purity:
Elevate your formulations with pharmaceutical-grade purity, meeting the most stringent requirements.

*Heavy Formulation:
The heavy form offers unique properties for specialized applications in pharmaceutical formulations.

*Stringent Quality Control:
Rigorous testing ensures steadfast consistency and adherence to the highest regulatory standards.

*Versatile Calcium Source:
Tricalcium Phosphate, Heavy, serves as a versatile calcium source in pharmaceutical formulations, supporting bone health.

*Comprehensive Documentation Support:
Streamlined documentation for regulatory submissions and quality assurance.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
Chemical formula: Ca3(PO4)2
Molar mass: 310.18 g/mol
Appearance: White amorphous powder
Density: 3.14 g/cm3
Melting point: 1,670 °C (3,040 °F; 1,940 K)
Solubility in water: Insoluble (very low solubility, about 1.2 mg/kg)
Solubility product (Ksp): 2.07×10−33
Thermochemistry:
Standard enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −4126 kJ/mol (α-form)

Physical State: Solid Powder
Colour: White
Odour: Odourless
Food Grade: No
Appearance: white solid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 1670.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
Minimum Assay: 34.0-40.0%
Molecular Formula: Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6

Molecular Weight: 1004.67
Boiling Point: 1100 °C(lit.)
Appearance: solid
Color: white
Density: 0.5 g/cm3
Flash Point: not determined
Odor: odorless
pH: 7.3
Solubility in Water
practically insoluble
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3*OH

Molecular weight: 502
CAS No. 1306-06-5, 7758-87-4, 62974-97-4
EINCS No. 235-330-6, 231-840-8
EEC Classification: E 341(iii)
Appearance: White powder.
Shelf life: 24 months in original package,
under dry and cool storage conditions.
Molecular formula: Ca3(PO4)2
Molecular weight: 310.20
CAS no:7758-87-4
Synonyms: Calcium Phosphate tri-Basic
Color: White

Odor: Odorless
pH :7.3
Flash Point: not determined
CAS: 1306-06-5 / 12167-74-7
Chemical Form: Powder
Chemical formula: Ca3(PO4)2
Molar mass: 310.18 g/mol
Appearance: White amorphous powder
Density: 3.14 g/cm3
Melting point: 1,670 °C (3,040 °F; 1,940 K)
Solubility in water: 1.2 mg/kg
Solubility product (Ksp): 2.07×10−33

Weight:
-Average: 310.177
-Monoisotopic: 309.794613465
Appearance Form: crystalline
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point/range: > 450 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable

Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Density: 3,14 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: 3,27 at 20,5 °C
Water solubility: 7,7 g/l at 20 °C at 6,9 - 7,3 hPa
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: 1670 °C
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Density: 3.14 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 309.794613
Monoisotopic Mass: 309.794613



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
-Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
-Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
-Control parameters:
Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
-Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Storage class



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
no information available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
no information available

SYNONYMS Calcium Phosphate Tribasic; Tricalcium diphosphate; Bone phosphate; Calcium orthophosphate; Calcium Phosphate; Calcium phosphate (3:2); Calcium tertiary phosphate; Phosphoric acid, calcium salt (2:3); Phosphoric acid, calcium(2+) salt (2:3); Tertiary calcium phosphate; Tribasic calcium phosphate; Tricalcium orthophosphate;CAS NO. 7758-87-4

Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a while odorless powder used as a food additive, as well as used in personal care and biomedical products.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a white solid of low solubility.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a mineral found in many foods, for many purposes.


CAS Number: 7758-87-4
EC Number: 231-840-8
MDL Number: MFCD00015984
Molecular formula: Ca3(PO4)2



Calcium Hydroxyapitite, Calcium Phosphate Tribasic, Durapatite, E 341, Hydroxyapatite, TCP, Tricalcium Orthophosphate, Tricalcium Phosphate, Tricalcium Phosphate Orthophosphate, Calcium Phosphate, Tribasic, Pentacalcium Hidroxy Monophosphate, Calcium Hydroxyapatite, Tricalcium Monophosphate, Calcium orthophosphate, Tertiary calcium phosphate, Tribasic calcium phosphate, Bone ash, β-Calcium phosphate tribasic, β-Tricalcium phosphate, tri-Calcium (ortho)phosphate, tert-Calcium phosphate, tricalcium;diphosphate, TCP, Calcium orthophosphate, Tricalcium diphosphate, Calcium phosphate tribasic, Calcigenol simple, Tricalcium orthophosphate, Tribasic calcium phosphate, Synthos, α-tri-Calcium phosphate, β-Calcium phosphate, β-Tricalcium phosphate, β-tri-Calcium phosphate, tert-Calcium phosphate, tri-Calcium (ortho)phosphate, calcium diphosphate, calcium phosphate, calcium phosphate (3:2), tricalcium bis(orthophosphate), tricalcium bis(phosphate), tricalcium diphosphate, tricalcium orthophosphate, tricalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2), tricalcium;diphosphate, Tribasic calcium phosphate,
Bone phosphate of lime, Calcium phosphate, Calcium Hydroxyapitite, Calcium Phosphate Tribasic, Durapatite, E 341, Hydroxyapatite, TCP, Tricalcium Orthophosphate, Tricalcium Phosphate, Tricalcium Phosphate Orthophosphate, Tribasic Calcium Phosphate and Bone Phosphate of Lime, BPL,



Tricalcium Phosphate food grade, also known as E7758-87-4, is a white powder and food grade product.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also known as tribasic calcium phosphate and bone phosphate of lime (BPL).


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a while odorless powder used as a food additive, as well as used in personal care and biomedical products
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a white shapeless powder; odorless; relative density: 3.18; hardly soluble in water but easily soluble in diluted Hydrochloric Acid and Nitric Acid; stable in air.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade can be adjustable according to the actual situation.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a white shapeless powder; odorless; relative density: 3.18; hardly soluble in water but easily soluble in diluted Hydrochloric Acid and Nitric Acid; stable in air.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a calcium salt that is commonly used as a food additive.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a white, odorless powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in acids.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is often added to foods as a source of calcium and as a nutrient fortifier.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is an ingredient used in many industries for many purposes.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is white, odorless and tasteless.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade should be stored in a dry and ventilated area and should be kept away from water and moisture.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is an ingredient that is heavily used across many industries – toothpaste, antacids, bone grafting material, baby powder, water filtration, nutritional supplements and ceramic coatings – and it is also in our food supply.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also known as tribasic calcium phosphate and bone phosphate of lime (BPL).
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a white solid of low solubility.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a mineral found in many foods, for many purposes.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid manufactured through chemical synthesis, available as WHITE POWDER.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is widely used as nutrition supplements and anti-caking agent in food production.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is affirmed by US FDA as GRAS(generally recognized as safe) and widely accepted as safe food additive in many countries with E number E341.
Chemical formula for Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is an ingredient that is greatly utilized throughout many industries-- nutritional supplements and ceramic layers-- and also it is likewise in our food supply.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a mineral found in lots of foods, for many purposes.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a chemically synthesized calcium phosphate salt, available as a white powder.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is widely used in food production as a nutritional supplement and an anti-caking agent.


It is recognized as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) by the US FDA and Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is widely accepted as a safe food additive in many countries with E number E341.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade, also known as E341, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a white powder that is widely used in food industry as an additive, with E number E341.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade has the CAS number 7758-87-4, and its molecular formula is Ca3(PO4)2.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is an important source of calcium and phosphorus, and it can help to improve the flavor and texture of some processed food products.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a safe product when used in food production.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also approved by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a widely used ingredient in the food industry, and it can be found in a variety of food products such as cereals, breads, dairy products, and processed meats.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade, more commonly known as Calcium phosphate, is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also known as tribasic calcium phosphate and bone phosphate of lime (BPL).
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a white solid of low solubility.
Most commercial samples of "Tricalcium Phosphate food grade" are in fact hydroxyapatite.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade exists as three crystalline polymorphs α, α′, and β.
The α and α′ states are stable at high temperatures.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade's primary function is to increase the calcium content of foods.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is almost insoluble in water, has a very low flavor profile and usually comes in a fine white powder.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is an ingredient that is heavily used across many other industries besides food – toothpaste, antacids, baby powder, water filtration, nutritional supplements, and ceramic coatings.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a while odorless powder used as a food additive, as well as used in personal care and biomedical products
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a mixture of different calcium phosphates, roughly composed of 10CaO.3P2O5.H2O, its molecular weight is 1004.64, white amorphous powder, odorless and tasteless, stable in the air, relative density 3.18.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is slightly bitter taste.
Several forms of calcium supplements are available.
Calcium carbonate and calcium acetate are the most common, but Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is another option.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade does not offer any advantage over other calcium forms.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is considered safe to use as a food additive and supplement.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is one of many forms of calcium supplements available.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is an ingredient that is heavily used across many industries – toothpaste, antacids, bone grafting material, baby powder, water filtration, nutritional supplements and ceramic coatings – and it is also in our food supply.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a mineral found in many foods for many purposes.


Within foods, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade has roles such as anti-caking, clouding, and fortification.
These all support the formulation of more desirable food products in terms of texture, appearance, performance, shelf-life, and nutrition.
Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS), Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is an ingredient that helps foods, food products and food ingredients live up to consumer expectations time and time again, even after sitting in the pantry or refrigerator after purchase.


Chemically, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade's primary function in fortification is to increase the calcium content of foods.
Due to its mineral source, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade can be used in vegan foods and is also allowed in organic products in the U.S.


For those who may need to check the additive status for their country, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade has E-number E341(iii), a subclass of calcium phosphates.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade has a CAS Number of 7758-87-4.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a white powder that can be used as an food additive.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade meets the relevant product standards and is insoluble in water but also soluble in diluted mineral acids.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
In food industry, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used as anti-caking agent, nutritional supplement (calcium intensifier), PH regulator and buffer, e.g. to act as anti-caking agent in flour, additives in milk powder, candy, pudding, condiment, and meat; as auxiliary in refinery of animal oil and yeast food.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is widely used in many different fields, such as
Food industry: Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used as an anti-caking agent, nutrient supplement, emulsifier, dough regulator, and more
Cosmetics industry: Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used as an emollient, binder, and pH adjuster


Pharmaceutical industry: Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used as a filler, binder, and disintegrant
Detergent industry: Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used as an abrasive, water softener, and more
Agricultural industry: Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used as an animal feed additive


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also used in the production of dental materials, adhesives, and paints, as well as in fire retardant materials and ceramic industries.
Applications of Tricalcium Phosphate food grade: Powdered flow conditioner and Nutritional supplement.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used in powdered spices as an anticaking agent, e.g. to prevent table salt from caking.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also found in baby powder and toothpaste.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also used as a nutritional supplement and occurs naturally in cow milk.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade can be used as a tissue replacement for repairing bony defects when autogenous bone graft is not feasible or possible.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade may be used alone or in combination with a biodegradable, resorbable polymer such as polyglycolic acid.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade may also be combined with autologous materials for a bone graft.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used Anti-Caking Agent.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is primarily used as an anti-caking agent.


Anti-caking agents are very helpful in preventing the formation of lumps (caking) in food products.
Without anti-caking agents products such as muffin or biscuit mixes, dry soups, hot chocolate mix, cream powders and more would be clumped and chunky.


One of the most common uses for Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is the anti-caking agent for powdered spices and solid drink mixes.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade can also be used as an anti-caking agent in powdered foods, and as a pH regulator in certain processed foods.
Additionally, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is sometimes used as a dietary supplement to help support bone health.


In food industry, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used as anti-caking agent, nutritional supplement (calcium intensifier), PH regulator and buffer, e.g. to act as anti-caking agent in flour, additives in milk powder, candy, pudding, condiment, and meat; as auxiliary in refinery of animal oil and yeast food.


Applications: Food, Personal Care and Pharmaceutical applications of Tricalcium Phosphate food grade: Animal Feed, Anti Caking Agent, Baking Mixes, Beverage Mixes, Beverages, Cereal, Cosmetics, Pet Food, Pharmaceuticals, Potable Water Treatment, Salt Substitutes, Soup Mixes, Spice Blends, Table Salt, and Toothpaste.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is commonly used in porcelain and dental powders, and medically as an antacid or calcium supplement.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used flow conditioner for powdered food ingredients.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used nutritional supplement in processed food.


Food Grade: Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is widely used as nutritional supplement in food and beverage industries.
pH Regulator and Buffering Agent: Tricalcium Phosphate food grade can be added to milk, candy, pudding, wine, cheese, jams, condiments and meat products to regulate acidity and enhance flavor.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade stands as a cornerstone ingredient across several industries.
In bakery applications, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade serves as a pivotal leavening agent, allowing precision in baking for both household and industrial settings.


In the beverage industry, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade's phosphoric acid content contributes to various formulations, enriching taste and quality.
Furthermore, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade's role in dairy enhances the visual appeal, taste, and longevity of dairy products.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade also plays a critical role in nutrition, boosting the nutritional value of food formulations.
Additionally, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade prevents discoloration in potatoes and enhances the freshness of diverse produce items, ensuring quality maintenance.


In food industry, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used as anti-caking agent ,nutritional supplement (fortified calcium), pH regulator and buffering agent.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade’s also used in flour, powder milk, candy, pudding and so on.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade can be used as a nutritional supplement, emulsifier, leavening agent, stabilizer, and texturizing agent in food products.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also used in some pharmaceutical products to improve their consistency and stability.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used as anti caking agent, nutritional supplement (fortified calcium), pH regulator, buffering agent, etc. in the food industry.
Such as flour anti caking agent (dispersant), milk powder, candy, pudding, seasoning.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used as a poultry feed additive.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade can promote the digestion of feed and increase the weight of poultry.
At the same time, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade can also treat rickets and rickets of livestock.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used as an antacid in medicine (for patients with hyperacidity).
End Use of Tricalcium Phosphate food grade: Animal Feed, Anti Caking Agent, Baking Mixes, Beverage Mixes, Beverages, Cereal, Cosmetics, Pet Food, Pharmaceuticals, Potable Water Treatment, Salt Substitutes, Soup Mixes, Spice Blends, Table Salt, Toothpaste, Vitamins.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a multi-purpose salt with wide range of applications in food industry.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used Anti-caking Agent in spices, solid drinks, flour products.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a white powder useful as a flow conditioner and provides calcium and phosphorus as a nutrient supplement.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used as a calcium supplement in products such as cereals, bakery mixes, flours, beverages, pet/animal food, and pharmaceuticals.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also an effective anti-caking agent for hygroscopic food products.


Some of these include: salt substitutes, dry beverage mixes, dry soup mixes, dry gravy mixes, spice blends, and other hygroscopic food products, which require flow conditioning.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used is an anti-caking agent.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a supplement form of calcium phosphate used to treat or prevent calcium deficiency.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also used as an anti-caking agent in powdered food items and as an additive in some processed foods to boost calcium content.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used writer poultry feed additives.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade can promote the digestion of feed and increase the weight of poultry.
At the same time, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade can also treat rickets and rickets of livestock.


Uses of Tricalcium Phosphate food grade: Supplement use should be individualized and vetted by a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian, pharmacist, or healthcare provider.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also used as an anti-caking agent in powdered food items and as an additive in some processed foods to boost calcium content.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade can also be used to meet the nutrition and dietary considerations of consumers.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade appears as a white odorless powder.


Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used as an anti-caking agent, nutritional supplement (calcium intensifier), pH regulator and buffer.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is often used in flour, additives in milk powder, candy, pudding, condiments, and meat products.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used flow conditioner for powdered food ingredients.


-Food additive uses of Tricalcium Phosphate food grade:
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is used in powdered spices as an anticaking agent, e.g. to prevent table salt from caking.
The calcium phosphates have been assigned European food additive number E341.


-Increase Nutritional Value:
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade contains the calcium salt of phosphoric acid so you will often see this product used as a food additive for increasing calcium.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is popular in cereals, dairy products and juices.



CHARACTER OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is white amorphous powder, odorless, tasteless, and stable in the air.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is insoluble in ethanol and acetone, slightly soluble in water, soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.



KEY FEATURES OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
*Exceptional Purity:
White powder Tricalcium Phosphate food grade, ensuring high purity and quality standards for diverse applications.

*Tailored Bakery Solutions:
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade acts as leavening acids, offering precise solutions for both home and industrial baking needs.

*Versatile Beverage Applications:
Phosphates and complex blends for various beverage formulations, enhancing taste and quality.

*Enhanced Dairy Functionality:
Fundamental functionalities improving appearance, taste, and shelf life in dairy products.

*Nutritional Enhancement:
Robust line of phosphate-based formulations elevating nutritional profiles in food products.

*Produce Preservation:
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade prevents discoloration in potatoes and enhances freshness in other produce items.



FUNCTIONS OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
*Acidity Regulator,
*Anti-Caking Agent,
*Buffers & pH Stabilizer,
*Humectant,
*Supplement



EXAMPLES OF HOW TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE FUNCTIONS IN FOOD MANUFACTURING:
*Acidity regulator
*Adds smoothness and opacity to reduced fat foods and beverages, such as soymilk
*Anticaking agent
*Buffer
*Calcium and phosphorus mineral fortification – seen in some juices, soy beverages, yogurts, and cereal products
*Clouding Agent
*Emulsifier
*Firming agent – interacts with gelling agents to strengthen a food structure
*Flour Treatment Agent
*Humectant in some table salts, sugar, or baking powder
*Stabilizer in some fats for frying
*Leavening agent in some baked goods and breadings
*Mineral salt in cheese products
*Thickener



HEALTH AND BEAUTY PRODUCTS OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also found in baby powder, antacids and toothpaste.
Toothpastes with functionalized β-Tricalcium Phosphate food grade (fTCP) may help remineralize tooth enamel



A FEW FACTS OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
Chemically, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is almost insoluble in water
Due to its mineral source, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade can be used in vegan foods



PROPERTIES OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
chemical formula for Tricalcium Phosphate food grade has several properties that make it useful in food formulation.
These include the following:
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is almost insoluble in water, has a very low flavor profile, and usually comes in a fine white powder.

The chalky texture of tri-calcium phosphate makes it useful as a free-flowing agent, as Tricalcium Phosphate food grade has the ability to take up to 10% of its weight in moisture.
Its texture and color properties also make Tricalcium Phosphate food grade an effective clouding agent.

Ingredient labels list it as tribasic calcium phosphate, tri-calcium orthophosphate, and precipitated calcium phosphate, or it’s labeled in formulation paperwork as Tricalcium Phosphate food grade.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also known as hydroxyapatite.

Chemically, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade's primary function in fortification is to increase the calcium content of foods.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is almost insoluble in water, has a very low flavor profile and usually comes in a fine white powder.

The chalky texture of tri-calcium phosphate makes it useful as a free-flowing agent, as Tricalcium Phosphate food grade has the ability to take up to 10% of its weight in moisture.
Its texture and color properties also make Tricalcium Phosphate food grade an effective clouding agent.

Tricalcium Phosphate food grade’s E-number is E341, a subclass of calcium phosphates for those who may need to check the additive status for their country.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade has a CAS Number of 7758-87-4.

Ingredient labels list it as tribasic calcium phosphate, tri-calcium orthophosphate, and precipitated calcium phosphate, or it’s labeled in formulation paperwork as TCP.



STORAGE AND HANDLING OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
*Storage:
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade should be Kept in dry, cool, and shaded place with original packaging, avoid moisture, store at room temperature.
*Handling Precaution:
Handling of Tricalcium Phosphate food grade should only be performed by personnel trained and familiar with handling of organic chemicals.



PREPARATION OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is produced commercially by treating hydroxyapatite with phosphoric acid and slaked lime.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade cannot be precipitated directly from aqueous solution.
Typically double decomposition reactions are employed, involving a soluble phosphate and calcium salts, e.g. (NH4)2HPO4 + Ca(NO3)2.

Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is performed under carefully controlled pH conditions.
The precipitate will either be "amorphous Tricalcium Phosphate food grade", ATCP, or calcium deficient hydroxyapatite, CDHA, Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH), (note CDHA is sometimes termed apatitic calcium triphosphate).

Crystalline Tricalcium Phosphate food grade can be obtained by calcining the precipitate.
β-Ca3(PO4)2 is generally formed, higher temperatures are required to produce α-Ca3(PO4)2.
An alternative to the wet procedure entails heating a mixture of a calcium pyrophosphate and calcium carbonate:

CaCO3 + Ca2P2O7 → Ca3(PO4)2 + CO2
Structure of β-, α- and α′- Ca3(PO4)2 polymorphs
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade has three recognised polymorphs, the rhombohedral β form (shown above), and two high temperature forms, monoclinic α and hexagonal α′.

β-Tricalcium phosphate has a crystallographic density of 3.066 g cm−3 while the high temperature forms are less dense, α-tricalcium phosphate has a density of 2.866 g cm−3 and α′-tricalcium phosphate has a density of 2.702 g cm−3 All forms have complex structures consisting of tetrahedral phosphate centers linked through oxygen to the calcium ions.

The high temperature forms each have two types of columns, one containing only calcium ions and the other both calcium and phosphate.
There are differences in chemical and biological properties between the β and α forms, the α form is more soluble and biodegradable. Both forms are available commercially and are present in formulations used in medical and dental applications.



OCCURRENCE OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is one of the main combustion products of bone (see bone ash).
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is also commonly derived from inorganic sources such as mineral rock.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade occurs naturally in several forms, including:

*as a rock in Morocco, Israel, Philippines, Egypt, and Kola (Russia) and in smaller quantities in some other countries.
The natural form is not completely pure, and there are some other components like sand and lime which can change the composition.
The content of P2O5 in most calcium phosphate rocks is 30% to 40% P2O5 by weight.
*in the skeletons and teeth of vertebrate animals
*in milk.

*Biphasic calcium phosphate, BCP
Biphasic calcium phosphate, BCP, was originally reported as tricalcium phosphate, but X-Ray diffraction techniques showed that the material was an intimate mixture of two phases, hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate.

It is a ceramic.
Preparation involves sintering, causing irreversible decomposition of calcium deficient apatites alternatively termed non-stoichiometric apatites or basic calcium phosphate.

An example is:
Ca10−δ(PO4)6−δ(HPO4)δ(OH)2−δ → (1−δ) Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 + 3δ Ca3(PO4)2
β-TCP can contain impurities, for example calcium pyrophosphate, Ca2P2O7 and apatite.

β-TCP is bioresorbable.
The biodegradation of BCP involves faster dissolution of the β-TCP phase followed by elimination of HA crystals.
β-TCP does not dissolve in body fluids at physiological pH levels, dissolution requires cell activity producing acidic pH.



BULK TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a versatile culinary enhancer that brings a wealth of benefits to a wide range of dishes!
With its neutral flavor, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade seamlessly integrates into both savory and sweet recipes!
Used as a stabilizer, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade contributes to the creamy texture of dairy products like cheese and yogurt.
In baking, Tricalcium Phosphate food grade acts as a leavening agent, providing a light and airy texture to breads and pastries!



MARKET OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a white powder that can be used as an food additive.
The global Tricalcium Phosphate food grade market size is expected to reach US$ million by 2029, growing at a CAGR of % from 2023 to 2029.
The market is mainly driven by the significant applications of Tricalcium Phosphate food grade in various end use industries.

The expanding demands from the Flour, Milk Powder, Candy and Other, are propelling Tricalcium Phosphate food grade market.
Growth in the Above 90% Purity segment is estimated at % CAGR for the next seven-year period.
Asia Pacific shows high growth potential for Tricalcium Phosphate food grade market, driven by demand from China, the second largest economy with some signs of stabilising.

The Tricalcium Phosphate food grade market in China is forecast to reach US$ million by 2029, trailing a CAGR of % over the 2023-2029 period, while the U.S. market will reach US$ million by 2029, exhibiting a CAGR of % during the same period.



CHARACTER OF TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is a mixture compound by different calcium phosphate.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade's main component is 10CaO3P2O5· H2O.
General formula of Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is Ca3(PO4)2.

Molecular weight of Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is 310.18.
Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is white amorphous powder, odorless, stabilizing in air.
Relative density of Tricalcium Phosphate food grade is 3.18.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
Minimum Assay: 34.0-40.0%
Molecular Formula: Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6
Molecular Weight: 1004.67
Boiling Point: 1100 °C(lit.)
Appearance: solid
Color: white
Density: 0.5 g/cm3
Flash Point: not determined
Odor: odorless
pH: 7.3
Solubility in Water
practically insoluble
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3*OH
Molecular weight: 502
CAS No. 1306-06-5, 7758-87-4, 62974-97-4
EINCS No. 235-330-6, 231-840-8
EEC Classification: E 341(iii)
Appearance: White powder.

Shelf life: 24 months in original package, under dry and cool storage conditions.
Molecular formula: Ca3(PO4)2
Molecular weight: 310.20
CAS no:7758-87-4
Synonyms: Calcium Phosphate tri-Basic
Color: White
Odor: Odorless
pH :7.3
Flash Point: not determined
CAS: 1306-06-5 / 12167-74-7
Chemical Form: Powder
Chemical formula: Ca3(PO4)2
Molar mass: 310.18 g/mol
Appearance: White amorphous powder
Density: 3.14 g/cm3
Melting point: 1,670 °C (3,040 °F; 1,940 K)
Solubility in water: 1.2 mg/kg
Solubility product (Ksp): 2.07×10−33

Weight:
-Average: 310.177
-Monoisotopic: 309.794613465
Appearance Form: crystalline
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point/range: > 450 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available

Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Density: 3,14 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: 3,27 at 20,5 °C
Water solubility: 7,7 g/l at 20 °C at 6,9 - 7,3 hPa
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available

Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: 1670 °C
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Density: 3.14 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 309.794613
Monoisotopic Mass: 309.794613
Appearance: white solid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 1670.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
-Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
-Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
-Control parameters:
Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
-Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Storage class



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE FOOD GRADE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
no information available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
no information available

TRICETYLMONIUM CHLORIDE Nom INCI : TRICETYLMONIUM CHLORIDE Nom chimique : Hexadecanaminium, N-methyl-N,N-bis(hexadecyl)-, chloride Ses fonctions (INCI) Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance

Triceteareth-4 phosphate is an emulsifier for the manufacture of oil-in-water emulsions for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.
Triceteareth-4 phosphate is used as a primary emulsifier or as a hydrophilic co-emulsifier, and has an excellent skin feel.
Triceteareth-4 phosphate has a high HLB value, which allows the manufacture of emulsions with polar oils and UV filters.

CAS: 119415-05-3
Molecular Formula: C9H9NO5
Molecular Weight:0

Triceteareth-4 phosphate is a high boiling point solvent, a plasticizer for rubber and plastics, and a catalyst.
Triceteareth-4 phosphate is also used as a raw material for the preparation of pesticides and insecticides.
Triceteareth-4 phosphate is used as an ethylating agent for the production of ketene.
Triceteareth-4 phosphate provides moisture, texture and glossy shine for hair, and can help for hair styling.
Triceteareth-4 phosphate is a triester of phosphoric acid and Laureth-4 (q.v.).

Triceteareth-4 phosphate is an organic compound with the formula (C2H5)3PO4 or OP(OEt)3.
Triceteareth-4 phosphate is a colorless liquid.
Triceteareth-4 phosphate is a triester of ethanol and phosphoric acid, and can also be called "phosphoric acid, triethyl ester".
Triceteareth-4 phosphate's main uses are industrial catalysts (in acetic anhydride synthesis), polymer resin modifiers, and plasticizers (eg for unsaturated polyesters).
On a small scale Triceteareth-4 phosphate is used as a solvent.
Cellulose acetate, flame retardants, intermediates for pesticides and other chemicals, stabilizers for peroxides, strength agents for rubbers and plastics such as vinyl polymers and unsaturated polyesters.

Synonyms
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-, mono-C16-20-alkyl ethers, phosphates, sodium salts
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-, mono-C16-2o-alkyl ethers, phosphates, sodium salts

Trichloroethanoic acid; TCA; TCAodium; NaTA; aceto-caustin; amchem grass killer; Acide Trichloracetique (French); Acido Tricloroacetico (Italian); Trichloorazijnzuur (Dutch); Trichloromethanecarboxylic acid; Trichloressigsaeure (German); cas no: 76-03-9

TRICLOCARBAN, N° CAS : 101-20-2, Nom INCI : TRICLOCARBAN, Nom chimique : 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 202-924-1, Ses fonctions (INCI), Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables, Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.Noms français : Triclocarban ; UREA, N-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-N'-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)- Noms anglais : Triclocarban

CAS number: 79-01-6
EC number: 201-167-4
Molecular formula: C2HCl3

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a volatile, colorless liquid organic chemical.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) does not occur naturally and is created by chemical synthesis.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is used primarily to make refrigerants and other hydrofluorocarbons and as a degreasing solvent for metal equipment.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is also used in some household products, such as cleaning wipes, aerosol cleaning products, tool cleaners, paint removers, spray adhesives, and carpet cleaners and spot removers.
Commercial dry cleaners also use trichloroethylene as a spot remover.

Trichloroethylene is a halocarbon commonly used as an industrial solvent, not to be confused with the similar 1,1,1-trichloroethane, also known as chlorothene. It has been sold under a variety of trade names including Trimar and Trilene and used as a volatile anesthetic and as an inhaled obstetrical analgesic. Environmental exposure, particularly groundwater and drinking water contamination from industrial discharge, is a major concern for human health and has been the subject of numerous incidents and lawsuits.
The chemical compound trichloroethylene is a halocarbon commonly used as an industrial solvent.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a clear, colourless non-flammable liquid with a chloroform-like sweet smell.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) should not be confused with the similar 1,1,1-trichloroethane, which is commonly known as chlorothene.

Chemical properties
Trichloroethylene is nonflammable. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is slightly soluble in water, and soluble in most other organic solvents.
Trichloroethylene, a colourless, toxic, volatile liquid belonging to the family of organic halogen compounds, nonflammable under ordinary conditions and used as a solvent and in adhesives. Trichloroethylene has a subtle, sweet odour.
Trichloroethylene was first prepared in 1864; its commercial manufacture, begun in Europe in 1908, is based on the reaction of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane with dilute caustic alkali. The compound is denser than water, in which it is practically insoluble.
Trichloroethylene is used in dry cleaning, in degreasing of metal objects, and in extraction processes, such as removal of caffeine from coffee or of fats and waxes from cotton and wool. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is also used in adhesives, such as cement for polystyrene plastics like those found in model-building kits. Industrially, an important use for trichloroethylene is in the manufacture of tetrachloroethylene: trichloroethylene is treated with chlorine to form pentachloroethane, which is converted to tetrachloroethylene by reaction with caustic alkali or by heating in the presence of a catalyst.
Inhalation of the vapours (glue-sniffing) induces euphoria; the practice can be addictive. Inhalation of more than 50 ppm (parts per million) trichloroethylene can produce acute effects on the body, including nausea and vomiting, eye and throat irritation, dizziness, headache, and liver, heart, or neurological damage. Trichloroethylene exposure has been linked to Parkinson disease.

What is Trichloroethylene?
Trichloroethylene is a chlorinated hydrocarbon with a molecular formula of C2HCl3. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is colourless liquid with a sweet smell that is widely used as a vapour degreaser for metal parts. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a non-flammable liquid, having no measurable flashpoint or flammable limits in air. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is miscible with most organic solvents but only slightly miscible in water.
Trichloroethylene (or trichlor) is an excellent solvent used in a variety of degreasing and cold cleaning applications, as well as other special applications. Available for shipment in barges, tank trucks, tank cars and ships, the following grades of trichlor are offered:

The IUPAC name is trichloroethene.
Industrial abbreviations include TCE, trichlor, Trike, Tricky and tri.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been sold under a variety of trade names.
Under the trade names Trimar and Trilene, trichloroethylene was used as a volatile anesthetic and as an inhaled obstetrical analgesic in millions of patients.
Groundwater and drinking water contamination from industrial discharge including trichloroethylene is a major concern for human health and has precipitated numerous incidents and lawsuits.

Uses
Trichloroethylene is an effective solvent for a variety of organic materials.
When it was first widely produced in the 1920s, trichloroethylene's major use was to extract vegetable oils from plant materials such as soy, coconut, and palm.
Other uses in the food industry included coffee decaffeination and the preparation of flavoring extracts from hops and spices.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) has also been used for removing residual water in the production of 100% ethanol.

From the 1930s through the 1970s, both in Europe and in North America, trichloroethylene was used as a volatile anesthetic almost invariably administered with nitrous oxide.
Marketed in the UK by ICI under the trade name Trilene it was coloured blue (with a dye called waxoline blue) to avoid confusion with the similar smelling chloroform.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) replaced earlier anesthetics chloroform and ether in the 1940s, but was itself replaced in the 1960s in developed countries with the introduction of halothane, which allowed much faster induction and recovery times and was considerably easier to administer.
Trilene was also used as a potent inhaled analgesic, mainly during childbirth.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) was used with halothane in the Tri-service field anaesthetic apparatus used by the UK armed forces under field conditions.
As of 2000, however, Trichloroethylene (TCE) was still in use as an anesthetic in Africa.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) has also been used as a dry cleaning solvent, although replaced in the 1950s by tetrachloroethylene (also known as perchloroethylene), except for spot cleaning where it was used until the year 2000.
Trichloroethylene was marketed as 'Ecco 1500 Anti-Static Film Cleaner and Conditioner' until 2009, for use in automatic movie film cleaning machines, and for manual cleaning with lint-free wipes.

Perhaps the greatest use of Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been as a degreaser for metal parts.
The demand for Trichloroethylene (TCE) as a degreaser began to decline in the 1950s in favor of the less toxic 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
However, 1,1,1-trichloroethane production has been phased out in most of the world under the terms of the Montreal Protocol, and as a result trichloroethylene has experienced some resurgence in use as a degreaser.

What is trichloroethylene?
Trichloroethylene is a colourless, highly volatile liquid with a sweet chloroform-like odour.
Other names for trichloroethylene include TCE, trichloroethene and ethylene trichloride.

What is trichloroethylene used for?
The main use of trichloroethylene is in metal cleaning and degreasing. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is also used as a chemical intermediate and an extraction solvent in the textile manufacturing industry.
In the past, trichloroethylene was used as a grain fumigant, an extraction solvent in the food industry, an anaesthetic agent and an analgesic. Trichloroethylene (TCE) was also used in the dry cleaning industry
until the mid-1950s, when it was replaced by tetrachloroethylene.

How does trichloroethylene get into the environment?
Trichloroethylene may be released into the environment from its use. The majority of trichloroethylene released enters the air. Trichloroethylene may also occur in ground water and surface water.
Trichloroethylene is primarily used as a solvent to remove greases from metal parts. As a solvent or as a component of solvent blends trichloroethylene is used with adhesives, lubricants, paints, varnishes, paint strippers, pesticides, and cold metal cleaners. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is used to make other chemicals (pharmaceuticals, polychlorinated aliphatics, flame retardants, and insecticides). Trichloroethylene (TCE) is used as an extraction solvent for greases, oils, fats, waxes and tars. The textile industry uses it to scour cotton, wool and other fabrics, and in waterless dying and finishing. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is used as a refrigerant for low temperature heat transfer.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) has also been used in the United States to clean kerosene-fueled rocket engines (Trichloroethylene (TCE) was not used to clean hydrogen-fueled engines such as the Space Shuttle Main Engine).
During static firing, the RP-1 fuel would leave hydrocarbon deposits and vapors in the engine.
These deposits had to be flushed from the engine to avoid the possibility of explosion during engine handling and future firing.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) was used to flush the engine's fuel system immediately before and after each test firing.
The flushing procedure involved pumping Trichloroethylene (TCE) through the engine's fuel system and letting the solvent overflow for a period ranging from several seconds to 30–35 minutes, depending upon the engine.
For some engines, the engine's gas generator and liquid oxygen (LOX) dome were also flushed with Trichloroethylene (TCE) prior to test firing.
The F-1 rocket engine had its LOX dome, gas generator, and thrust chamber fuel jacket flushed with Trichloroethylene (TCE) during launch preparations.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is also used in the manufacture of a range of fluorocarbon refrigerants[13] such as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane more commonly known as HFC 134a.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) was also used in industrial refrigeration applications due to its high heat transfer capabilities and its low temperature specification.
Many industrial refrigeration applications used Trichloroethylene (TCE) up to the 1990s in applications such as car testing facilities.

Chemical instability
Despite its widespread use as a metal degreaser, trichloroethylene itself is unstable in the presence of metal over prolonged exposure.
As early as 1961 this phenomenon was recognized by the manufacturing industry, when stabilizing additives were added to the commercial formulation.
Since the reactive instability is accentuated by higher temperatures, the search for stabilizing additives was conducted by heating trichloroethylene to its boiling point in a reflux condenser and observing decomposition.
Definitive documentation of 1,4-dioxane as a stabilizing agent for Trichloroethylene (TCE) is scant due to the lack of specificity in early patent literature describing Trichloroethylene (TCE) formulations.
Other chemical stabilizers include ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone.

Trichloroethylene is a synthetic, light sensitive, volatile, colorless, liquid that is miscible with many non-polar organic solvents. Trichloroethylene is used mainly as a degreaser for metal parts. Upon combustion, it produces irritants and toxic gases. Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene is associated with excess incidences of liver cancer, kidney cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.
Trichloroethylene appears as a clear colorless volatile liquid having a chloroform-like odor. Denser than water and is slightly soluble in water. Noncombustible. Used as a solvent, fumigant, in the manufacture of other chemicals, and for many other uses.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a nonflammable, colorless liquid with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet, burning taste. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is used mainly as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts, but it is also an ingredient in adhesives, paint removers, typewriter correction fluids, and spot removers.Trichloroethylene is not thought to occur naturally in the environment. However, it has been found in underground water sources and many surface waters as a result of the manufacture, use, and disposal of the chemical.

Use and Manufacturing
Household Products
-Auto Products
-Commercial / Institutional
-Hobby/Craft
-Home Maintenance
-Home Office
-Inside the Home

The main use of trichloroethylene is in the vapor degreasing of metal parts. Trichloroethylene is used in consumer products such as typewriter correction fluids, paint removers/strippers, adhesives, spot removers, and rug-cleaning fluids.
Trichloroethylene is used as chemical intermediate for the production of hydrofluorocarbons (e.g., HFC134a, HFC125), monochloroacetic acid, blowing agents, flame retardants, and some agricultural chemicals. The other major use is as solvent for vapor degreasing in the metal industry. ... Trichloroethylene is further used in solvent formulations for rubbers, adhesives, industrial paints, and in the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries. In the production of poly(vinyl chloride), it serves as a chain-transfer agent to control the molecular mass distribution.
Metal degreasing; extraction solvent for oils, fats, waxes; solvent dyeing; dry-cleaning; refrigerant and heat-exchange liquid; fumigant; cleaning and drying electronic parts; diluent in paints and adhesives; textile processing; chemical intermediate; aerospace operations (flushing liquid oxygen).

Industry Uses
-Adhesives and sealant chemicals
-Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
-Functional fluids (closed systems)
-Intermediates
-Metal foams
-Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing)
-Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)

Consumer Uses
-Adhesives and sealants
-Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
-Cleaning and furnishing care products
-Facility Solvent Usage
-Industrial vapor degreasing solvent.
-Lubricants and greases
-Metal products not covered elsewhere
-Paints and coatings

Methods of Manufacturing
The production of trichloroethylene is mainly based on acetylene or ethylene. The acetylene route comprises acetylene chlorination to 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane followed by dehydrochlorination to trichloroethylene. In the ethylene-based processes, ethylene or ethylene-based chlorohydrocarbons, preferably 1,2-dichloroethane, are chlorinated or oxychlorinated and dehydrochlorinated in the same reactor. Tetrachloroethylene is obtained as a byproduct in substantial amounts. Some production is based on the catalytic hydrogenation of tetrachloroethylene coming from the chlorinolysis of C1 to C3 chlorohydrocarbons.
Until 1968, about 85% of United States production capacity of trichloroethylene was based on acetylene. The acetylene-based process consists of two steps: acetylene is first chlorinated to 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, with a ferric chloride, phosphorus chloride or antimony chloride catalyst, and the product is then dehydrohalogenated to trichloroethylene. The current method of manufacture is from ethylene or 1,2-dichloroethane. In a process used by one plant in the United States, trichloroethylene is produced by noncatalytic chlorination of ethylene dichloride and other C2 hydrocarbons with a mixture of oxygen and chlorine or hydrogen chloride.
Prepn from sym-tetrachlorethane by elimination of /hydrochloric acid/ (by boiling with lime) ... ; by passing tetrachloroethane vapor over /calcium chloride/ catalyst at 300 °C ... ; without catalyst at 450-470 °C ... .

General Manufacturing Information
Industry Processing Sectors
-Adhesive manufacturing
-All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
-All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
-All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
-Computer and electronic product manufacturing
-Construction
-Fabricated metal product manufacturing
-Government (Department of Transportation)
-Industrial gas manufacturing
-Machinery manufacturing
-Miscellaneous manufacturing
-Paint and coating manufacturing
-Paper manufacturing
-Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing
-Plastics product manufacturing
-Primary metal manufacturing
-Services
-Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing
-Transportation equipment manufacturing
-Wholesale and retail trade

IDENTIFICATION AND USE:
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a colorless liquid (unless dyed blue). The major use of Trichloroethylene (TCE) is in metal cleaning or degreasing. Trichloroethylene (TCE) was used earlier as an extraction solvent for natural fats and oils, such as palm, coconut and soya bean oils. Trichloroethylene (TCE) was also an extraction solvent for spices, hops and the decaffeination of coffee. The United States Food and Drug Administration banned these uses of trichloroethylene. Its use in cosmetic and drug products was also discontinued. Trichloroethylene (TCE) was also used as both an anesthetic and an analgesic in obstetrics.

About Trichloroethylene (TCE)
Helpful information
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Trichloroethylene (TCE) is most likely to be released to the environment.

Article service life
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Trichloroethylene (TCE) is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.

Widespread uses by professional workers
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the types of manufacture using Trichloroethylene (TCE). Release to the environment of Trichloroethylene (TCE) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Other release to the environment of Trichloroethylene (TCE) is likely to occur from: indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Formulation or re-packing
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. Release to the environment of Trichloroethylene (TCE) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Uses at industrial sites
Trichloroethylene (TCE) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Trichloroethylene (TCE) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and manufacturing of the substance.

Manufacture
Release to the environment of Trichloroethylene (TCE) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Trichloroethylene (IUPAC), CHClCCl2, is a stable, low-boiling, colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is not corrosive to the common metals even in the presence of moisture. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is slightly soluble in water and is nonflammable. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is toxic by inhalation, with a TLV of 50 ppm and an IDLH of 1000 ppm in air. The FDA has prohibited its use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. The four-digit UN identification number is 1710. The NFPA 704 designation is health 2, flammability 1, and reactivity 0. Its primary uses are in metal degreasing, dry cleaning, as a refrigerant and fumigant, and for drying electronic parts.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a clear, colorless, nonflammable (at room temperature) stable toxic liquid with chloroform-like odor (ATSDR, 2011). Trichloroethylene (TCE) is slightly soluble in water, is soluble in greases and common organic solvents, and boils at 87°C (190 F).
On contact with air, it slowly decomposes and forms phosgene, hydrogen chloride, and dichloroacetyl chloride. Trichloroethylene in contact with water becomes corrosive and forms dichloroacetic acid and hydrochloric acid. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is soluble in methanol, diethyl ether, and acetone.
Trichloroethylene is also known as trichloroethene, acetylene trichloride, 1-chloro-2,2- dichloroethylene, and ethylene trichloride, and it is also commonly abbreviated to TRI. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a volatile, chlorinated organic hydrocarbon that is widely used for degreasing metals and as a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC-134a) intermediate (ATSDR, 2013). Trichloroethylene (TCE) is also used in adhesives, paint-stripping formulations, paints, lacquers, and varnishes. In the 1930s, Trichloroethylene (TCE) was introduced for use in dry cleaning, but this practice was largely discontinued in the 1950s when Trichloroethylene (TCE) was replaced by tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Trichloroethylene (TCE) has a number of other past uses in cosmetics, drugs, foods, and pesticides (US EPA, 2011). Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an environmental contaminant that has been detected in air, groundwater, surface waters, and soil (US EPA, 2011; NRC, 2006).

Physical properties
Clear, colorless, watery-liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Odor threshold concentrations determined in air were 21.4 ppmv (Leonardos et al., 1969) and 3.9 ppmv (Nagata and Takeuchi, 1990). The average least detectable odor threshold concentrations in water at 60 °C and in air at 40 °C were 10 and 2.6 mg/L, respectively (Alexander et al., 1982).

Uses
Trichloroethylene is used as a solvent, in drycleaning, in degreasing, and in limited use asa surgical anesthetic.
A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as a detergent or solvent for metals, oils, resins, sulfur and as gemal degreasing agent. Trichloroethylene (TCE) can cause irritant contact dermatitis, generalized exanthema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, pustular or bullous eruption and scleroderma.
Solvent for fats, waxes, resins, oils, rubber, paints, and varnishes. Solvent for cellulose esters and ethers. Used for solvent extraction in many industries. In degreasing, in dry cleaning. In the manufacture of organic chemicals, pharmaceuticals, such as chloroacetic acid.

Production Methods
Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been in commercial use for almost 60 years. Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been used as a solvent because of its powerful ability to dissolve fats, greases, and waxes. Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been widely used in the dry cleaning industry and as a metal degreaser and in the electronic components industry where workers have been observed using it as a cleaning solvent without any protective equipment, thus allowing uncontrolled skin contact and inhalation exposures.

High-purity grades of trichloroethylene are used as a feedstock in the synthesis of the refrigerant hydrofluorocarbon 134a. In this process, the trichloroethylene molecule is destroyed to form the new fluorinated compound.
Trichloroethylene's advantages for metal cleaning include the ability to degrease more thoroughly and several times faster than alkaline cleaners, and its compatibility with smaller equipment that consumes less energy. Trichloroethylene is an important solvent for degreasing aluminum and for cleaning sheet and strip steel prior to galvanizing. Trichloroethylene also is used for cleaning liquid oxygen and hydrogen tanks. Commercial trichloroethylene formulations include a stabilizer system to help prevent solvent breakdown caused by contaminants, such as acids, metal chips, and fines, and exposure to oxygen, light, and heat.
Trichloroethylene is also used as a solvent in some nonflammable adhesive and aerosol formulations, and as a low temperature heat-transfer medium. Other applications of trichloroethylene include its use as a solvent in the metal processing, electronics, printing, pulp and paper, and textile industries.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is used as a solvent for degreasing metal parts during the manufacture of a variety of products. Trichloroethylene (TCE) can be found in consumer products, including some wood finishes, adhesives, paint removers, and stain removers. Trichloroethylene (TCE) can also be used in the manufacture of other chemicals.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is:
-is a nonflammable, colorless liquid at room temperature.
-evaporates easily into air.
-has an ether-like odor at high concentrations; at lower levels, there is no odor to warn people that contaminants are in the air.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) that has been spilled or dumped on the ground can pollute soil and groundwater.
Because Trichloroethylene (TCE) moves from water to air easily, it is not usually found in surface soils or in open surface water.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) spilled on the ground can move down through the soil and into water under the ground where it may pollute private and public drinking water wells. Trichloroethylene (TCE) can also move from water under the ground into rivers or lakes and then quickly move into the air.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) can evaporate from the polluted soil and groundwater and rise toward the ground surface.
If these Trichloroethylene (TCE) vapors come to a basement as they travel to the surface, they may enter through cracks in the foundation, around pipes, or through a sump or drain system. In this way, the vapors enter buildings and contaminate indoor air. This process, when pollution moves from air spaces in soil to indoor air, is called vapor intrusion.
Tricholoroethylene (TCE) is a volatile organic compound mostly used to manufacture refrigerant chemicals in a closed system. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is also used as a solvent for degreasing, as a spot cleaner in dry cleaning, and in consumer products (cleaners and solvent degreasers, adhesives, lubricants, hoof polishes, mirror edge sealants, and pepper spray).

PRODUCTION
Nine entities manufactured or imported almost 225 million pounds of TCE in the U.S. in 2011, according to Chemical Data Reporting by the chemical industry to EPA. The manufacturers who disclosed their names were Dow Chemical and Solvchem Inc. in Texas and PPG Industries and Shin Etsu in Louisiana. Two entities claimed their names as confidential business information.
Trichloroethylene (CICH=CCl2) is a colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Trichloroethylene may cause irritation to the eyes and skin. Exposure to high concentrations can cause dizziness, headaches, sleepiness, confusion, nausea, unconsciousness, liver damage, and even death. Trichloroethylene is a known carcingen. Workers may be harmed from exposure to trichloroethylene. The level of exposure depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done.
Trichloroethylene is used in many industries. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is mostly used as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts, but it is also an ingredient in adhesives, paint removers, typewriter correction fluids, and spot removers. Some examples of workers at risk of being exposed to trichloroethylene include the following:

Workers who use this substance for metal degreasing
Workers who use it as an extraction solvent for greases, oils, fats, waxes, and tars
Factory workers in the textile processing industry who use it to scour cotton, wool, and other fabrics
Dry cleaning workers who use it to remove spots
Factory workers in plants that manufacture pharmaceuticals
Chemical workers who use it to make other chemicals

Uses
The main use of trichloroethylene is in the vapor degreasing of metal parts.
Trichloroethylene is also used as an extraction solvent for greases, oils, fats, waxes, and tars, a chemical
intermediate in the production of other chemicals, and as a refrigerant.
Trichloroethylene is used in consumer products such as typewriter correction fluids, paint
removers/strippers, adhesives, spot removers, and rug-cleaning fluids.
Trichloroethylene was used in the past as a general anesthetic.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a chlorine containing organic compound, widely employed as an industrial solvent.
TCE is formed as a major intermediate during the biodegradation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in a small anaerobic continuous-flow fixed film column.

Application
Trichloroethylene may be employed for various industrial processes, such as metal cleaning and degreasing. Trichloroethylene (TCE) may be used to synthesize chloroacetic acid.

Key Points
- trichloroethylene is a colourless, highly volatile liquid with a sweet odour
- it is mainly used in metal cleaning and degreasing
- in the past it has been used as a grain fumigant, an anaesthetic and in the dry cleaning industry
- breathing in trichloroethylene can cause excitement, dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting followed by drowsiness and coma
- more severe exposures may cause heart problems and in some cases death
- drinking trichloroethylene can cause burning of the mouth and throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea
- the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified trichloroethylene as having the ability to cause cancer in humans

Physical properties
Trichloroethylene is a colourless, liquid with a sweet odour, and a sweet burning taste.

Melting Point: -73°C
Boiling Point: 86.7°C
Vapour Density: 4.53
Specific Gravity: 1.456
Flashpoint: 89.6°C

Degreasing and general solvent grade for heavy-duty vapor degreasing and cold cleaning
Dual-purpose grade may be used for liquid oxygen flushing and vapor degreasing
High-purity grade is a low residue solvent for cleaning electronic components, chemical synthesis and liquid oxygen flushing
Fluorocarbon grade for feedstock applications

History
Pioneered by Imperial Chemical Industries in Britain, its development was hailed as an anesthetic revolution.
Originally thought to possess less hepatotoxicity than chloroform, and without the unpleasant pungency and flammability of ether, Trichloroethylene (TCE) use was nonetheless soon found to have several pitfalls.
These included promotion of cardiac arrhythmias, low volatility and high solubility preventing quick anesthetic induction, reactions with soda lime used in carbon dioxide absorbing systems, prolonged neurologic dysfunction when used with soda lime, and evidence of hepatotoxicity as had been found with chloroform.

The introduction of halothane in 1956 greatly diminished the use of Trichloroethylene (TCE) as a general anesthetic.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) was still used as an inhalation analgesic in childbirth given by self-administration.
Fetal toxicity and concerns for carcinogenic potential of Trichloroethylene (TCE) led to its abandonment in developed countries by the 1980s.

The use of trichloroethylene in the food and pharmaceutical industries has been banned in much of the world since the 1970s due to concerns about its toxicity.
Legislation has forced the replacement of trichloroethylene in many processes in Europe as the chemical was classified as a carcinogen carrying an R45 risk phrase, May cause cancer.
Many degreasing chemical alternatives are being promoted such as Ensolv and Leksol; however, each of these is based on n-propyl bromide which carries an R60 risk phrase of May impair fertility, and they would not be a legally acceptable substitute.
Groundwater contamination by Trichloroethylene (TCE) has become an important environmental concern for human exposure.

In 2005 it was announced by the United States Environmental Protection Agency that the agency had completed its Final Health Assessment for Trichloroethylene and released a list of new Trichloroethylene (TCE) toxicity values.
The results of the study have formally characterized the chemical as a human carcinogen and a non-carcinogenic health hazard.
A 2011 toxicological review performed by the EPA continues to list trichloroethylene as a known carcinogen.

Production
Prior to the early 1970s, most trichloroethylene was produced in a two-step process from acetylene.
First, acetylene was treated with chlorine using a ferric chloride catalyst at 90 °C to produce 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane according to the chemical equation

HC≡CH + 2 Cl2 → Cl2CHCHCl2
The 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane is then dehydrochlorinated to give trichloroethylene.
This can be accomplished either with an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide

2 Cl2CHCHCl2 + Ca(OH)2 → 2 ClCH=CCl2 + CaCl2 + 2 H2O
or in the vapor phase by heating it to 300–500 °C on a barium chloride or calcium chloride catalyst

Cl2CHCHCl2 → ClCH=CCl2 + HCl
Today, however, most trichloroethylene is produced from ethylene.
First, ethylene is chlorinated over a ferric chloride catalyst to produce 1,2-dichloroethane.

CH2=CH2 + Cl2 → ClCH2CH2Cl
When heated to around 400 °C with additional chlorine, 1,2-dichloroethane is converted to trichloroethylene

ClCH2CH2Cl + 2 Cl2 → ClCH=CCl2 + 3 HCl
This reaction can be catalyzed by a variety of substances.
The most commonly used catalyst is a mixture of potassium chloride and aluminum chloride.
However, various forms of porous carbon can also be used.
This reaction produces tetrachloroethylene as a byproduct, and depending on the amount of chlorine fed to the reaction, tetrachloroethylene can even be the major product.
Typically, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene are collected together and then separated by distillation.

IUPAC NAMES
1,1,2-Trichloroethene
1,1,2-trichloroethene
1,1,2-tricloroetene
tri
trichlorethene
trichlorethylen
Trichloroethene
trichloroethene
trichloroethilene
Trichloroethylene
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
trichloroethylene
trichloréthylène
Tricloroeteno
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Trichloroethene
79-01-
1,1,2-Trichloroethene
Ethene, trichloro-
Ethylene trichloride
Ethinyl trichloride
Acetylene trichloride
Narcogen
Trilene
Trichlorethylene
1,1,2-Trichloroethylene
Chlorilen
Trethylene
Trielina
triciene
Blancosolv
Crawhaspol
Densinfluat
Germalgene
Threthylen
Threthylene
Trichloraethen
Trichloran
Trichloren
AlgylenAnamenth
Benzinol
Blacosolv
Cecolene
Chlorylen
Circosolv
Dukeron
Lanadin
Lethurin
Narkosoid
Petzinol
Triasol
Trielene
Trielin
Trieline
Vestrol
Westrosol
Fluate
Nialk
Philex
Trial
Trilen
Trimar
Vitran
Fleck-flip
Flock flip
Tri-plus
Triklone N
Dow-tri
Tri-Clene
Perm-A-chlor
1,1-Dichloro-2-chloroethylene
1-Chloro-2,2-dichloroethylene
Tri-plus M
Trichlooretheen
Tricloretene
Tricloroetilene
Trichlorethylenum
trichloroethylenum
Trichloraethylenu
TCE
Ethene, 1,1,2-trichloro-
1,2,2-Trichloroethylene
Tricloroetileno
Chlorylea
Chorylen
Ethylene, trichloro-
Gemalgene
Narkogen
Trichloraethylen, tri
Trichlorethylene, tri
Triclene
Triklone
Triline
Trichloorethyleen, tri
Trilene TE-141
Tricloroetilene [DCIT]
Trichloroethylene (TCE) (chlorohydrocarbon)
C2HCl3
Perm-A-clor
Rcra waste number U228
Trichloroethylene (IUPAC)
trichlor
Trichlorethene
Trichloraethylen
NCI-C04546
Distillex DS2
R 1120
UNII-290YE8AR51
UN 1710
TRI
trichloraethylenum pro narcosi
Trichloroethylene (without epichlorohydrin)
CHEBI:16602
290YE8AR51
MFCD00000838
NCGC00091202-0
DSSTox_CID_1382
DSSTox_RID_76125
DSSTox_GSID_21383
Trielina [Italian]
Caswell No. 876
Trichlorathane
Tricloretene [Italian]
densi nfluat
Trichlooretheen [Dutch]
Trichloraethen [German]
Trichloroethylene (TCE)
Trichloroethylene [INN]
trik lone
tric hloroethene
Tricloroetilene [Italian]
trichloro ethylene
CAS-79-01-6
CCRIS 603
Trichloroethene 100 microg/mL in Methanol
Trichloride, EthinylTrichloroethene 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Trichloroethylene, ACS reagent, >=99.5%
Tricloroetileno [INN-Spanish]
HSDB 133
Trichloorethyleen, tri [Dutch]
Trichloraethylen, tri [German]
Trichlorethylene, tri [French]
Trichloroethylenum [INN-Latin]
NSC 389
Trichloroethylene, 99+%, extra pure, stabilized
Trichloroethylene, 99.6%, ACS reagent, stabilized
EINECS 201-167-4
UN1710
RCRA waste no. U228
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 081202
BRN 1736782
Trichloroethylene [INN:NF]
Trichlorothene
trichloro-ethene
AI3-00052
Disparit B
trichloro-ethyleneAltene DG
F 1120
Trichloroethene, 9CI
Trichloroethylene [UN1710] [Poison]
Trichloroethylene (with epichlorohydrin)
1,1,1-Trichloroethylene
ACMC-1BMG7
1,1,2-Trichloro-Ethene
EC 201-167-4
Trichloroethylene, anhydrous
SCHEMBL5754
Trichloroethylene, >=99%
Trichloroethylene, stabilized
4-01-00-00712 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Chlorylea, Chorylen, CirCosolv, Crawhaspol, Dow-Tri, Dukeron, Per-A-Clor, Triad, Trial, TRI-Plus M,Vitran
1,1,2-tris(chloranyl)ethene
Trichloroethylene, p.a., 98%
Trichloroethylene, LR, >=99%
Trichloroethylene, Electronic Grade
Trichloroethylene Reagent Grade ACS
Trichloroethylene, analytical standard
Trichloroethylene, Semiconductor Grade
Trichloroethylene [UN1710] [Poison]
Trichloroethene 10 microg/mL in Methanol
Trichloroethylene, Spectrophotometric Grade
Trichloroethylene, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
Trichloroethylene, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC)
BRD-K46435528-001-01-0
Trichloroethylene, spectrophotometric grade, >=99.5%

Regulatory process names
trichloroethene
Trichloroethylene
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Trichloroethylene
trichloroethylene
trichloroethylene; trichloroethene

Translated names
tri (pl)
trichloorethyleen (nl)
trichloretenas (lt)
trichlorethen (cs)
Trichlorethen (de)
trichlorethylen (cs)
trichlorethylen (da)
Trichlorethylen (de)
trichloretilenas (lt)
trichloroeten (pl)
trichloroetylen (pl)
trichloroéthylène;trichloroéthène (fr)
trichlóretylén (sk)
trichlóretén (sk)
tricloretena (ro)
tricloretilena (ro)
tricloroeteno (pt)
tricloroetilene (it)
tricloroetileno (es)
tricloroetileno (pt)
trihloretilēns (lv)
trihloretīns (lv)
Trikloorieteeni (fi)
Trikloorietyleeni (fi)
trikloreten (no)
trikloreten (sv)
trikloretylen (no)
trikloretylen (sv)
trikloroeteen (et)
trikloroeten (hr)
trikloroeten (sl)
trikloroetilen (hr)
trikloroetilen (sl)
Trikloroetüleen (et)
triklóretilén (hu)
triklóretén (hu)
трихлороетен (bg)
трихлороетилен (bg)

CAS names
Ethene, 1,1,2-trichloro-

IUPAC names
1,1,2-Trichloroethene
1,1,2-trichloroethene
1,1,2-tricloroetene
tri
trichlorethene
trichlorethylen
Trichloroethene
trichloroethene
trichloroethilene
Trichloroethylene
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene
trichloroethylene
trichloréthylène
Tricloroeteno

Trade names
HI-TRI SMG
HI-TRI Solvent
NEU-TRI E
NEU-TRI L
NEU-TRI Solvent
THrichloroethylene Thymol stabilized
Trichloroethylene (the highest and first grades)
Trichloroethylene Industrial

TRICHLOROETHYLENE
Trichloroethene
79-01-6
1,1,2-Trichloroethene
Ethene, trichloro-
Ethylene trichloride
Ethinyl trichloride
Acetylene trichloride
Narcogen
Trilene
Trichlorethylene
1,1,2-Trichloroethylene
Anamenth
Chlorilen
Densinfluat
Germalgene
Narkosoid
Trethylene
Trielina
Westrosol
triciene
Blancosolv
Crawhaspol
Threthylen
Threthylene
Trichloraethen
Trichloran
Trichloren
Algylen
Benzinol
Blacosolv
Cecolene
Chlorylen
Circosolv
Dukeron
Lanadin
Lethurin
Petzinol
Triasol
Trielene
Trielin
Trieline
Vestrol
Fluate
Nialk
Philex
Trial
Trilen
Trimar
Vitran
Fleck-flip
Flock flip
Tri-plus
Triklone N
Dow-tri
Tri-Clene
Perm-A-chlor
1,1-Dichloro-2-chloroethylene
1-Chloro-2,2-dichloroethylene
Tri-plus M
Trichlooretheen
Tricloretene
Tricloroetilene
Trichlorethylenum
trichloroethylenum
Trichloraethylenum
TCE
1,2,2-Trichloroethylene
Tricloroetileno
Chlorylea
Chorylen
Ethylene, trichloro-
Gemalgene
Narkogen
Trichloraethylen, tri
Trichlorethylene, tri
Triklone
Triline
Triol
Trichloorethyleen, tri
Ethene, 1,1,2-trichloro-
Tricloroetilene [DCIT]
TCE (chlorohydrocarbon)
C2HCl3
Perm-A-clor
Rcra waste number U228
Trichloroethylene (IUPAC)
trichlor
Trichlorethene
Trichloraethylen
NCI-C04546
Distillex DS2
R 1120
UNII-290YE8AR51
UN 1710
TRI
Trichloroethylene (without epichlorohydrin)
trichloraethylenum pro narcosi
CHEBI:16602
290YE8AR51
NCGC00091202-01
DSSTox_CID_1382
DSSTox_RID_76125
DSSTox_GSID_21383
Trielina [Italian]
Caswell No. 876
Trichlorathane
Tricloretene [Italian]
Triclene
densi nfluat
Trichlooretheen [Dutch]
Trichloraethen [German]
Trichloroethylene (TCE)
Trichloroethylene [INN]
trik lone
tric hloroethen
MFCD00000838
Tricloroetilene [Italian]
trichloro ethylene
.beta.-D-ribo-Hexopyranose, 1,6-anhydro-3-deoxy-2-O-methyl-4-O-(2-methylpentyl)-
CAS-79-01-6
CCRIS 603
Trichloroethene 100 microg/mL in Methanol
Trichloride, Ethinyl
Trichloroethene 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Trichloroethylene, ACS reagent, >=99.5%
Tricloroetileno [INN-Spanish]
HSDB 133
Trichloorethyleen, tri [Dutch]
Trichloraethylen, tri [German]
Trichlorethylene, tri [French]
Trichloroethylenum [INN-Latin]
NSC 389
EINECS 201-167-4
UN1710
RCRA waste no. U228
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 081202
BRN 1736782
Trichloroethylene [INN:NF]
Trichlorothene
trichloro-ethene
AI3-00052
Disparit B
trichloro-ethylene
Altene DG
F 1120
Trichloroethene, 9CI
Trichloroethylene [UN1710] [Poison]
Trichloroethylene (with epichlorohydrin)
1,1,1-Trichloroethylene
1,1,2-Trichloro-Ethene
EC 201-167-4
Trichloroethylene, anhydrous
SCHEMBL5754
Trichloroethylene, >=99%
Trichloroethylene, stabilized
4-01-00-00712 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Chlorylea, Chorylen, CirCosolv, Crawhaspol, Dow-Tri, Dukeron, Per-A-Clor, Triad, Trial, TRI-Plus M, Vitran
1,1,2-tris(chloranyl)ethene
CHEMBL279816
DTXSID0021383
Trichloroethylene, p.a., 98%
Trichloroethylene, LR, >=99%
Trichloroethylene, Electronic Grade
Trichloroethylene Reagent Grade ACS
ZINC8214699
Tox21_111101
Tox21_202543
STL282732
Trichloroethylene, analytical standard
Trichloroethylene, Semiconductor Grade
AKOS000118838
CCG-230934
DB13323
MCULE-3945953656
NCGC00091202-02
NCGC00091202-03
NCGC00260092-01
Trichloroethylene [UN1710] [Poison]
Trichloroethene 10 microg/mL in Methanol
Trichloroethylene, Spectrophotometric Grade
C06790
Trichloroethylene, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
Trichloroethylene, JIS special grade, >=99.5%
A839551
Q407936
J-504494
Trichloroethylene, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC)
BRD-K46435528-001-01-0
Trichloroethylene, spectrophotometric grade, >=99.5%
F0001-2068
Trichloroethylene, anhydrous, contains 40 ppm diisopropylamine as stabilizer, >=99%
Trichloroethylene, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Trichloroethylene, reagent grade, >=99.0%, contains ~1% 1,2-epoxybutane as inhibitor
Residual Solvent - Trichloroethylene, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
TCV

Trichlorosucrose is a semisynthetic sweetener resulting of a chemical modification of sucrose by the replacement of three hydroxyl groups on sucrose by chlorine atoms (4′-, 1′- and 6′ positions), in order to increase sweetening power.
Trichlorosucrose is commonly used as a sugar substitute in both cooking and baking.
Trichlorosucrose is calorie-free, but Trichlorosucrose also contains the carbohydrates dextrose (glucose) and maltodextrin, which brings the calorie content up to 3.36 calories per gram.

CAS Number: 56038-13-2
EC Number: 259-952-2
Chemical formula: C12H19Cl3O8
Molar mass: 397.64 g/mol

Synonyms: Equal, Nutrasweet, Sucralose, Sweet'N Low, aspartame, calcium cyclamate, cyclamates, saccharin, sodium cyclamate, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy}-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydro-2-furanyl]oxy}-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol, 1,6-Dichlor-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chlor-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, 1,6-Dichlor-1,6-didesoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chlor-4-desoxy-α-D-galactopyranosid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-b-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-b-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside [ACD/IUPAC Name], 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, 259-952-2 [EINECS], 4,1',6'-Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxygalacto-sucrose, 4-Chloro-4-désoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside de 1,6-dichloro-1,6-didésoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 56038-13-2 [RN], a-D-galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-b-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-, E955, MFCD03648615, splenda [Trade name], Sucralose [Wiki], trichlorosucrose, α-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy- [ACD/Index Name], (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-(((2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-oxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-methylol-tetrahydropyran-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-Bis[chloro(dideuterio)methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-[dideuterio(hydroxy)methyl]oxane-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-tetrahydrofuranyl]oxy]-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4-diol, [56038-13-2] [RN], 1',4,6'-Trichlorogalactosucrose, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-?-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-?-D-galactopyranoside, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactose, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galacotopyranoside, 1459161-55-7 [RN], 4,1',6'-Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxy-galacto-sucrose, 4,1',6'-Trichlorogalactosucrose, 40J, 513-29-1 [RN], EINECS 259-952-2, MFCD11100146 [MDL number], Pharmakon1600-01505953, QA-6411, Sucralose [BAN], Sucralose granular, Sucralose powder, sucralose, ???, SUCRALOSE-D6, Sucrose [Wiki], TGS, TL8003643, 三氯蔗糖 [Chinese], Sucralose, 56038-13-2, Trichlorosucrose, Splenda, Aspasvit, Acucar Light, Trichlorogalacto-sucrose, EINECS 259-952-2, 1',4,6'-Trichlorogalactosucrose, UNII-96K6UQ3ZD4, 96K6UQ3ZD4, Sucrazit, Trichlorogalactosucrose, CHEBI:32159, BRN 3654410, Sansweet su 100, CCRIS 8449, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, DTXSID1040245, HSDB 7964, San sweet sa 8020, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, NSC-759272, INS NO.955, CHEMBL3185084, DTXCID9020245, INS-955, alpha-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-, NSC 759272, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol, 4,1',6'-trichlorogalactosucrose, SUCRALOSE (II), SUCRALOSE [II], 1',4',6'-TRICHLORO-GALACTOSUCROSE, E-955, SUCRALOSE (MART.), SUCRALOSE [MART.], SUCRALOSE (USP-RS), SUCRALOSE [USP-RS], (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-(((2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol, .alpha.-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-.beta.-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-, SUCRALOSE (EP MONOGRAPH), SUCRALOSE [EP MONOGRAPH], 4,1',6'-Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxy-galacto-sucrose, E955;Trichlorosucrose, CAS-56038-13-2, Sucralose [BAN:NF], 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactose, E955, Sucralose; 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-d-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-d-galactopyranoside, SUCRALOSE [FCC], SUCRALOSE [MI], SUCRALOSE [INCI], SCHEMBL3686, SUCRALOSE [WHO-DD], Sucralose, analytical standard, HMS2093H16, Pharmakon1600-01505953, HY-N0614, Sucralose, >=98.0% (HPLC), Tox21_113658, Tox21_201752, Tox21_303425, BDBM50367128, NSC759272, s4214, AKOS015962432, CCG-213995, CS-8130, NCGC00249110-01, NCGC00249110-03, NCGC00249110-04, NCGC00257400-01, NCGC00259301-01, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4-diol, 1-(1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl)-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, SBI-0206860.P001, Sucralose 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, 1',4',6'-Trideoxy-trichloro-galactosucrose, A22902, AB01563242_01, AB01563242_02, Q410209, SR-05000001935, SR-05000001935-1, W-203112, BRD-K58968598-001-03-6, Sucralose, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Sucralose, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Sucralose, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside, a-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-b-D-fructofuranosyl4-chloro-4-deoxy-, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-((2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yloxy)-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol, 1',6'-dichloro-1',6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-.beta.-d-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-.alpha.-d-galactopyranoside, 40J

Trichlorosucrose is an artificial sweetener and sugar substitute.
The majority of ingested Trichlorosucrose is not broken down by the body, so Trichlorosucrose is noncaloric.
In the European Union, Trichlorosucrose is also known under the E number E955.

Trichlorosucrose is a semisynthetic sweetener resulting of a chemical modification of sucrose by the replacement of three hydroxyl groups on sucrose by chlorine atoms (4′-, 1′- and 6′ positions), in order to increase sweetening power.

Trichlorosucrose is produced by chlorination of sucrose, selectively replacing three of the hydroxy groups in the C1, C4, and C6 positions to give a 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose–4-chloro-4-deoxygalactose disaccharide.
Trichlorosucrose is about 320 to 1,000 times sweeter than sucrose, three times as sweet as both aspartame and acesulfame potassium, and twice as sweet as sodium saccharin.
Evidence of benefit is lacking for long-term weight loss, with some data supporting weight gain and heart disease risks.

While Trichlorosucrose is largely considered shelf-stable and safe for use at elevated temperatures (such as in baked goods), there is some evidence that Trichlorosucrose begins to break down at temperatures above 119 degrees Celsius.
The commercial success of Trichlorosucrose-based products stems from Trichlorosucroses favorable comparison to other low-calorie sweeteners in terms of taste, stability and safety.

Canderel Yellow also contains Trichlorosucrose, but the original Canderel and Green Canderel do not.

Trichlorosucrose is a zero calorie artificial sweetener, and Trichlorosucrose is the most common Trichlorosucrose-based product.
Trichlorosucrose is made from sugar in a multistep chemical process in which three hydrogen-oxygen groups are replaced with chlorine atoms.

Trichlorosucrose was discovered in 1976 when a scientist at a British college allegedly misheard instructions about testing a substance.
Instead, he tasted Trichlorosucrose, realizing that Trichlorosucrose was highly sweet.

Trichlorosucrose is commonly used as a sugar substitute in both cooking and baking.
Trichlorosucrose’s also added to thousands of food products worldwide.

Trichlorosucrose is calorie-free, but Trichlorosucrose also contains the carbohydrates dextrose (glucose) and maltodextrin, which brings the calorie content up to 3.36 calories per gram.
However, the total calories and carbs Trichlorosucrose contributes to your diet are negligible, as you only need tiny amounts each time.
Trichlorosucrose is 400–700 times sweeter than sugar and doesn’t have a bitter aftertaste like many other popular sweeteners.

Trichlorosucrose is considered to be heat resistant and good for cooking and baking.
However, recent studies have challenged this.
Trichlorosucrose seems that at high temperatures, Trichlorosucrose starts to break down and interact with other ingredients.

Trichlorosucrose is marketed as Trichlorosucrose, an artificial sweetener that often comes in a yellow packet.
The difference between Trichlorosucrose and other sweeteners, like aspartame and saccharin, is that Trichlorosucrose’s actually made from real sugar.
This gives Trichlorosucrose a taste that is generally more preferable compared to other artificial sweeteners.

Trichlorosucrose is chemically changed so that Trichlorosucrose’s 600 times sweeter than real sugar with almost no calories.
Trichlorosucrose doesn’t leave an aftertaste in your mouth, so Trichlorosucrose is used in foods like yogurt, candy, ice cream, and soda.

In addition to being changed for taste, Trichlorosucrose is also altered so that most of Trichlorosucrose passes through your body instead of being stored to later use as energy.
To make Trichlorosucrose almost calorie-free, some naturally occurring parts of the sugar molecule, called hydroxyl, are swapped out for chlorine.

Since Trichlorosucroses introduction around 20 years ago, millions of people have turned to Trichlorosucrose as a way to enjoy some of their favorite sweets with fewer calories.
By making a simple swap of Trichlorosucrose for sugar, Trichlorosucrose can help you limit calorie intake.

This can be especially helpful for people with diabetes who need to monitor their sugar intake.
Trichlorosucrose sweetens foods and drinks but doesn’t make your blood sugar levels to spike the way that regular sugar does.

Trichlorosucrose is a high-intensity sweetener created chemically with sugar (sucrose) as a raw material.
Trichlorosucrose was discovered by chance in England in 1976 and was approved as a sweetener by Canada as the first country in 1993.
In the EU Trichlorosucrose was approved in 2004.

Trichlorosucrose has E‑number 955.
Trichlorosucroses systematic name is: 1,6‑dichloro‑1, 6‑dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside.

These chemical formulas are: C12H19Cl3O8.
Trichlorosucrose is a white, almost odourless powder in a crystallized form that is 600 times sweeter than sugar.

Trichlorosucrose is found in over 4,000 foods and is a popular sweetener in the sports industry because Trichlorosucrose basically doesn’t provide any extra calories.
Trichlorosucrose provides no calories as the body has difficulty breaking down Trichlorosucrose.

You urinate 85.5 per cent and poop out 11 per cent of the Trichlorosucrose intake within five days.
Only 3 per cent is processed via the kidneys.

Trichlorosucrose is a no-calorie sweetener that can be used to lower one’s intake of added sugars while still providing satisfaction from enjoying the taste of something sweet.
While some types of sweeteners in this category are considered low-calorie (e.g., aspartame) and others are no-calorie (e.g., Trichlorosucrose, monk fruit sweeteners and stevia sweeteners), collectively they are often referred to as sugar substitutes, high-intensity sweeteners, nonnutritive sweeteners or low-calorie sweeteners.

Like other no-calorie sweeteners, Trichlorosucrose is intensely sweet.
Trichlorosucrose is about 600 times sweeter than sugar, so only small amounts of Trichlorosucrose are used to match the sweetness provided by sugar.
Trichlorosucrose is permitted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a general-purpose sweetener, meaning Trichlorosucrose can be used as an ingredient in any type of food or beverage.

Trichlorosucrose is exceptionally stable, so foods and beverages sweetened with Trichlorosucrose stay sweet under a wide range of conditions.
This includes frozen foods like ice cream and other frozen desserts, as well as foods that need to be heated to high temperatures, like baked goods and foods that require sterilization.
However, a recipe that uses Trichlorosucrose in place of sugar may turn out slightly different because, in addition to sweetness, sugar plays several roles related to volume and texture in recipes but varies based on the type of recipe.

There are a variety of artificial sweeteners available, all of which mimic the sweet taste of sugar (sucrose) without the calories.
Trichlorosucrose is unique among artificial sweeteners because Trichlorosucrose’s made from real sugar.
A chemical process tweaks Trichlorosucroses chemical structure, making Trichlorosucrose 600 times sweeter than sugar — and essentially calorie-free.

Fans like Trichlorosucrose because Trichlorosucrose doesn’t have a bitter aftertaste, as some fake sugars do.
That may be why Trichlorosucrose’s so hard to avoid.

Trichlorosucrose is in everything from sugar-free gum and soda to ice cream and yogurt.
And because Trichlorosucrose remains stable in heat, you can swap Trichlorosucrose for sugar in baked goods.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration reviewed more than 110 safety studies before approving Trichlorosucrose as a sweetener in 1998.
But since then, research has raised questions about the safety of Trichlorosucrose.

Trichlorosucrose is a chlorinated sucrose derivative.
This means Trichlorosucrose’s derived from sugar and contains chlorine.

Making Trichlorosucrose is a multistep process that involves replacing the three hydrogen-oxygen groups of sugar with chlorine atoms.
The replacement with chlorine atoms intensifies the sweetness of Trichlorosucrose.

Originally, Trichlorosucrose was found through the development of a new insecticide compound.
Trichlorosucrose was never meant to be consumed.

However, Trichlorosucrose was later introduced as a “natural sugar substitute” to the masses, and people had no idea that the stuff was actually toxic.

In 1998, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Trichlorosucrose for use in 15 food and beverage categories, including water-based and fat-based products like baked goods, frozen dairy desserts, chewing gum, beverages and sugar substitutes.
Then, in 1999, the FDA expanded Trichlorosucroses approval for use as a general-purpose sweetener in all categories of foods and beverages.

Trichlorosucrose was discovered in 1976.
This NNS is made from sucrose by a process that substitutes three chloride atoms for three hydroxyl groups on the sucrose molecule.

Trichlorosucrose is 450–650 times sweeter than sucrose and has a pleasant sweet taste, and Trichlorosucroses quality and time–intensity profile are very close to that of sucrose.
Trichlorosucrose has a moderate synergy with other nutritive and NNS.

Trichlorosucrose was approved in April 1998 by the FDA as a tabletop sweetener and for use in a number of desserts, confections, and nonalcoholic beverages.
In 1999, Trichlorosucrose was approved as a general purpose sweetener.

The FDA concluded from a review of more than 110 studies in human beings and animals that this sweetener did not pose carcinogenic, reproductive, or neurologic risk.
According to the EFSA, the ADI of Trichlorosucrose is 40 mg kg− 1 body weight per day.

Trichlorosucrose was approved by the FDA in 1998 for use in a wide variety of food products including soft drinks.
Trichlorosucrose is a low-calorie, high-intensity sweetener that is about 600 times sweeter than sugar.

Trichlorosucrose is sold under the brand name of ‘Trichlorosucrose.’
Trichlorosucrose and sucrose (sugar) have been shown to have similar taste and flavor profiles.

A number of other fascinating low-calorie sweeteners are currently undergoing safety evaluations for future use.
These include alitame, a compound similar to aspartame that is remarkably 2000 times sweeter than sucrose, and various naturally occurring plant derivatives, such as stevia and thaumatin.

Trichlorosucrose is a nonnutritive, zero-calorie artificial sweetener.
Trichlorosucrose is a chlorinated sugar substitute that is about 600 times as sweet as sucrose.
Trichlorosucrose is produced from sucrose when three chlorine atoms replace three hydroxyl groups.

Trichlorosucrose is consumed as tablets (Blendy) by diabetic and obese patients.
Trichlorosucrose is also used as an excipient in drug manufacturing.

Unlike other artificial sweeteners, Trichlorosucrose is stable when heated and can, therefore, be used in baked and fried foods.
The FDA approved Trichlorosucrose in 1998.

This review presents a comprehensive profile for Trichlorosucrose including physical, analytical, and ADME profiles and methods of Trichlorosucroses synthesis.
Spectral data for X-ray powder diffraction and DSC of Trichlorosucrose are recorded and presented.

The authors also recorded FT-IR, (1)H- and (13)C NMR, and ESI-MS spectra.
Interpretation with detailed spectral assignments is provided.

The analytical profile of Trichlorosucrose covered the compendial methods, spectroscopic, and different chromatographic analytical techniques.
The ADME profile covered all absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination data in addition to pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects of Trichlorosucrose.

Some nutritional aspects for Trichlorosucrose in obesity and diabetes are also presented.
Both chemical and microbiological synthesis schemes for Trichlorosucrose are reviewed and included.

Trichlorosucrose, which is also referred to as Trichlorosucrose, is a chemical that’s made in a laboratory.
Trichlorosucrose’s been created to provide a zero-calorie alternative to sugar, that reportedly tastes very similar to, but isn’t actually sugar.

Trichlorosucrose’s possible to buy Trichlorosucrose (Trichlorosucrose) sugar substitute products.
You’ll also find Trichlorosucrose sweetener has been added to certain brands of diet sodas, yogurts and breakfast cereals.
Trichlorosucrose is also heat-stable, which means you can cook and bake with Trichlorosucrose.

You could say that Trichlorosucrose’s clever in the fact Trichlorosucrose’s been created by tweaking some of the bonds within sugar molecules to create something that isn’t digested or absorbed by the body as sugar is (more on this below).

So to clarify, Trichlorosucrose does technically stem from sugar molecules, but Trichlorosucrose isn’t sucrose (table sugar).
As for whether Trichlorosucrose’s safe for us to use instead of or alongside sugar, Trichlorosucrose is believed to be a safer and healthier alternative to other artificial sweeteners, particularly aspartame.

However, as great as Trichlorosucrose and artificial sweeteners are for helping you cut back on your sugar intake or completely remove sugar from your diet, they should only really be used on a short-term basis to help you initially kick your sugar habit, as they can affect our health in certain ways.
You’ll find more details on how and why below.

The friendly bacteria in your gut are extremely important for your overall health.
They may improve digestion, benefit immune function and reduce your risk of many diseases.

Interestingly, one rat study found that Trichlorosucrose may have negative effects on these bacteria.
After 12 weeks, rats that consumed the sweetener had 47–80% fewer anaerobes (bacteria that don’t require oxygen) in their guts.

Beneficial bacteria like bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria were significantly reduced, while more harmful bacteria seemed to be less affected.
What’s more, the gut bacteria had still not returned to normal levels after the experiment was completed.

Products that contain zero-calorie sweeteners are often marketed as being good for weight loss.
However, Trichlorosucrose and artificial sweeteners don’t seem to have any major effects on your weight.

Observational studies have found no connection between artificial sweetener consumption and body weight or fat mass, but some of them report a small increase in Body Mass Index (BMI).
A review of randomized controlled trials, the gold standard in scientific research, reports that artificial sweeteners reduce body weight by around 1.7 pounds (0.8 kg) on average.

Effect on caloric content of Trichlorosucrose:
Though Trichlorosucrose contains no calories, products that contain fillers, such as maltodextrin and/or dextrose, add about 2–4 calories per teaspoon or individual packet, depending on Trichlorosucrose, the fillers used, brand, and the intended use of Trichlorosucrose.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows for any product containing fewer than five calories per serving to be labeled as "zero calories".

Trichlorosucrose and weight:
While sweeteners like Trichlorosucrose are low in calories, that doesn’t necessarily mean that they help you lose weight.
Some studies show that people who replace sugar with artificial sweeteners may weigh a pound or so less on average.

The National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) is an ongoing study that tracks the habits of people who have lost 30 pounds or more and are able to keep Trichlorosucrose off.
Many people in this study say that drinking beverages with Trichlorosucrose or other artificial sweeteners helps them to better count calories and keep off weight.

Other studies, however, suggest that people who drink diet sodas sweetened with Trichlorosucrose actually end up taking in more calories than those who drink sodas with regular sugar.
This can result in higher overall body weight.

Trichlorosucrose may stimulate your appetite, making you eat more.
Trichlorosucrose’s important to note, however, that this research hasn’t been fully proven.

Trichlorosucrose and weight gain:
Lots of people reach for diet soda and calorie-free sweeteners to keep their weight in check.
But the jury is still out on whether artificial sweeteners actually help you keep off the pounds.

Some studies have found no link between body weight and low-calorie sweeteners.
Others have found that people who replace sugar with low-calorie sweeteners weigh ever-so-slightly less, on average — a difference, the researchers found, of fewer than two pounds.

On the other hand, some research suggests that people who drink diet soda might end up eating more calories in food than people who drink sugar-sweetened soda.
In other words, Trichlorosucrose isn’t a slam dunk when Trichlorosucrose comes to weight loss.

Trichlorosucrose and the microbiome:
Your gut is home to an entire community of helpful bacteria.
The microbiome has several important jobs, including helping with digestion and aiding your immune system.
But some studies have found that Trichlorosucrose might not be so great for those tiny helpers.

Research in rodents shows that Trichlorosucrose upsets the microbiome balance, and that can lead to increased inflammation.

“We know long-term inflammation can contribute to a variety of problems, including obesity and diabetes,” says Patton.
“But we need more data to find out if Trichlorosucrose causes the same changes in human microbiomes as Trichlorosucrose does in animals.”

Trichlorosucrose and blood sugar:
When you eat a sugary treat, your body produces the hormone insulin to help stabilize the sugar in your blood.
People thought that artificial sweeteners wouldn’t have the same effect.
That makes sugar-free sweeteners popular among people with diabetes, who need to monitor blood sugar levels closely.

But exactly how Trichlorosucrose affects blood sugar and insulin levels is an open question.
Some research suggests Trichlorosucrose doesn’t raise blood sugar and insulin levels in healthy people.
But at least one study found that in people with obesity who didn’t normally eat artificial sweeteners, Trichlorosucrose could raise both blood sugar and insulin levels.

Trichlorosucrose and gut health:
Your gastrointestinal tract (GI), or microbiome, is home to lots of different kinds of helpful bacteria.
These bacteria help your body to maintain a healthy immune system.
Some studies have shown that Trichlorosucrose can change your gut microbiome by lowering the number of good bacteria by half.

Research done on animals shows that Trichlorosucrose can also increase inflammation in the body.
Over time, inflammation can lead to problems like obesity and diabetes.
Since these studies have only been done on rodents, more research needs to be done to understand how humans can be affected by Trichlorosucrose.

Trichlorosucrose and Sugar:
Compared to sugar, Trichlorosucrose sweetener is significantly lower in calories, but 600 times sweeter in taste; Trichlorosucrose contains 0 calories vs. approximately 16 calories per teaspoon of table sugar.
Therefore, Trichlorosucrose can help keep your calorie intake low and is seen as the superior option for those wanting to lose weight.

Additionally, unlike sugar, Trichlorosucrose and artificial sweeteners in general don’t cause dental cavities.
Refined sugars, such as regular table sugar, are fermented by bacteria in the mouth, known as the oral microbiome, which results in the production of acid that erodes the enamel surface of the tooth, causing decay.
However, artificial sweeteners, including Trichlorosucrose, are not fermented by oral bacteria, meaning they do not contribute to tooth decay.

Furthermore, Trichlorosucrose doesn’t cause the same spike in blood glucose levels you get with sugar.
This makes Trichlorosucrose a great alternative to sugar for individuals with diabetes because Trichlorosucrose enables them to control their blood sugar levels that bit better.

However, in comparison to ‘natural’ sugars (e.g. honey, maple syrup, molasses and agave), although significantly higher in calories, they contain many other nutritional and health benefits that simply aren’t found in artificial sweeteners.

For instance, raw honey has natural anti-microbial and anti-viral properties to help support a healthy immune system.
Trichlorosucrose’s also a rich source of prebiotic fibres that help promote the growth of friendly gut bacteria, rather than negatively impacting your gut microbiome in the way artificial sweeteners do.

Similarly, good quality pure maple syrup (ideally B grade+), although higher in calories than Trichlorosucrose, is rich in a range of antioxidants that help to protect our cells from free radical damage and reduce inflammation within the body.
Maple syrup also provides a good source of potassium, magnesium, zinc and manganese, minerals that aren’t found in artificial sweeteners.

Therefore, although natural sweeteners are higher in calories, they can provide extra nutrients and health benefits that simply aren’t present in artificial sweeteners.

Also known as 1',4,6'-trichlorogalactosucrose, Sucralose, or brand name Trichlorosucrose with a molecular formula of C12H19Cl3O8, Trichlorosucrose is about 600 times sweeter than sugar.
Trichlorosucrose is a low-calorie sweetening agent used in beverages, foods, medications.

High-intensity sweeteners are commonly used as sugar substitutes or sugar alternatives because they are many times sweeter than sugar but contribute only a few to no calories when added to foods.
High-intensity sweeteners, like all other ingredients added to food in the United States, must be safe for consumption.

The starting material for the synthesis of Trichlorosucrose is sucrose (sugar), but then the structure is synthetically altered to achieve the Trichlorosucrose compound.
According to the FDA, Trichlorosucrose is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of Trichlorosucrose added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish Trichlorosucroses intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.

Trichlorosucrose has been extensively studied and more than 110 safety studies were reviewed by FDA in approving the use of Trichlorosucrose as a general purpose sweetener for food.
However, there have been reports of headaches/migraine attacks occurring in people during Trichlorosucrose use, as with other artificial sweeteners.
Studies support the conclusion that Trichlorosucrose consumption does not adversely affect short-term blood glucose control in patients with diabetes.

One study found that heating Trichlorosucrose with glycerol, a compound found in fat molecules, produced harmful substances called chloropropanols.
These substances may raise cancer risk.
More research is needed, but Trichlorosucrose may be best to use other sweeteners instead when baking at temperatures above 350°F (175°C) in the meantime.

Like other artificial sweeteners, Trichlorosucrose is highly controversial.
Some claim that Trichlorosucrose’s entirely harmless, but new studies suggest that Trichlorosucrose may have some effects on your metabolism.

For some people, Trichlorosucrose may raise blood sugar and insulin levels.
Trichlorosucrose may also damage the bacterial environment in your gut, but this needs to be studied in humans.

The safety of Trichlorosucrose at high temperatures has also been questioned.
You may want to avoid cooking or baking with Trichlorosucrose, as Trichlorosucrose may release harmful compounds.
That being said, the long-term health effects are still unclear, but health authorities like the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) do consider Trichlorosucrose to be safe.

Effects on blood sugar and insulin:
Trichlorosucrose is said to have little or no effects on blood sugar and insulin levels.
However, this may depend on you as an individual and whether you’re used to consuming artificial sweeteners.

One small study in 17 people with severe obesity who didn’t regularly consume these sweeteners reported that Trichlorosucrose elevated blood sugar levels by 14% and insulin levels by 20%.
Several other studies in people with average weight who didn’t have any significant medical conditions have found no effects on blood sugar and insulin levels.
However, these studies included people who regularly used Trichlorosucrose.

If you don’t consume Trichlorosucrose on a regular basis, Trichlorosucrose’s possible that you may experience some changes to your blood sugar and insulin levels.
Yet, if you’re used to eating Trichlorosucrose, Trichlorosucrose probably won’t have any effect.

Applications of Trichlorosucrose:
Trichlorosucrose is an approved ingredient in many countries around the world.

You may find Trichlorosucrose in items like:
Packaged foods
Ready-made meals
Desserts
Chewing gum
Toothpaste
Drinks
Cakes

Even though Trichlorosucrose is considered to be safe by the FDA and other international organizations, you should try to be mindful when Trichlorosucrose comes to artificial sweeteners.
There are still studies being done on artificial sweeteners and how they affect our health.
Read the labels of products you regularly eat, drink, or use to see if they contain Trichlorosucrose or other sweeteners.

Other studies suggest that you can avoid any potential risks that artificial sweeteners may have by changing up the ones that you consume now and then.
If you really like adding Trichlorosucrose to your coffee or baked goods, try using other sweeteners or real sugar once in a while.
The American Dental Association (ADA) even suggests that mixing sweeteners can increase overall sweetness.

Remember that sugar in small amounts is okay.
Sweeteners like Trichlorosucrose can have some benefits, but you shouldn’t demonize sugar if Trichlorosucrose doesn’t have a negative effect on your health when Trichlorosucrose's used in moderation.

Uses of Trichlorosucrose:
Trichlorosucrose is used in many food and beverage products because Trichlorosucrose is a no-calorie sweetener, does not promote dental cavities, is safe for consumption by diabetics and nondiabetics, and does not affect insulin levels, although the powdered form of Trichlorosucrose-based sweetener product Trichlorosucrose (as most other powdered Trichlorosucrose products) contains 95% (by volume) bulking agents dextrose and maltodextrin that do affect insulin levels.
Trichlorosucrose is used as a replacement for, or in combination with, other artificial or natural sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame potassium or high-fructose corn syrup.
Trichlorosucrose is used in products such as candy, breakfast bars, coffee pods, and soft drinks.

Trichlorosucrose is also used in canned fruits wherein water and Trichlorosucrose take the place of much higher calorie corn syrup-based additives.
Trichlorosucrose mixed with maltodextrin or dextrose (both made from corn) as bulking agents is sold internationally by McNeil Nutritionals under the Trichlorosucrose brand name.
In the United States and Canada, this blend is increasingly found in restaurants, in yellow packets, in contrast to the blue packets commonly used by aspartame and the pink packets used by those containing saccharin sweeteners; in Canada, yellow packets are also associated with the SugarTwin brand of cyclamate sweetener.

Cooking:
Trichlorosucrose is available in a granulated form that allows same-volume substitution with sugar.
This mix of granulated Trichlorosucrose includes fillers, all of which rapidly dissolve in water.
While the granulated Trichlorosucrose provides apparent volume-for-volume sweetness, the texture in baked products may be noticeably different.

Trichlorosucrose is not hygroscopic, which can lead to baked goods that are noticeably drier and manifest a less dense texture than those made with sucrose.
Unlike sucrose, which melts when baked at high temperatures, Trichlorosucrose maintains Trichlorosucroses granular structure when subjected to dry, high heat (e.g., in a 350 °F or 180 °C oven).

Furthermore, in Trichlorosucroses pure state, Trichlorosucrose begins to decompose at 119 °C or 246 °F.
Thus, in some recipes, such as crème brûlée, which require sugar sprinkled on top to partially or fully melt and crystallize, substituting Trichlorosucrose does not result in the same surface texture, crispness, or crystalline structure.

Energy (caloric) content:
Though marketed in the U.S. as a “No calorie sweetener,” Trichlorosucrose actually contains slightly more calories than the same mass of sugar (391 kcal per 100 g vs 390 kcal per 100 g for white granulated sugar).
However, since Trichlorosucrose is one tenth as dense as sugar, a given volume of Trichlorosucrose has one tenth the energy of the same volume of sugar.
When Trichlorosucrose is added directly to commercial products, the filler is omitted and no energy is added.

Note too that although the “nutritional facts” label on Trichlorosucrose’s retail packaging states that a single serving of 0.5 gram (1 teaspoon or 5 milliliters) contains zero calories, Trichlorosucrose actually contains two calories per teaspoon.
Note that the individual, tear-open packages as shown at right are double-size, one-gram servings, which contain four calories.

Such labeling is appropriate in the U.S. because the FDA’s regulations permit a product to be labeled as “zero calories” if the “food contains less than 5 calories per reference amount customarily consumed and per labeled serving.”
Because Trichlorosucrose contains a relatively small amount of Trichlorosucrose, little of which is metabolized, virtually all of Trichlorosucrose’s caloric content derives from the highly fluffed dextrose or maltodextrin filler, or carrier, that gives Trichlorosucrose Trichlorosucroses volume.
Like other carbohydrates, dextrose and maltodextrin have 4 calories per gram.

Consumer Uses:
Trichlorosucrose is used in the following products: pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Trichlorosucrose is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Trichlorosucrose is used in the following products: pharmaceuticals, photo-chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Trichlorosucrose is used in the following areas: health services.

Trichlorosucrose is used for the manufacture of: food products.
Other release to the environment of Trichlorosucrose is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Benefits of Trichlorosucrose:

Health benefits:
Although Trichlorosucrose has no actual direct health benefits, as Trichlorosucrose’s a nonnutritive alternative to sugar, Trichlorosucrose has a number of indirect benefits associated with this use.
The consumption of sugar is well known to be associated with dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontal (gum) disease.
Using Trichlorosucrose reduces sugar intake with the consequential benefits to dental health and Trichlorosucrose has thus been shown to be non-cariogenic.

Trichlorosucrose, being a nonnutritive sweetener, is used in many low calorie products.
Trichlorosucrose therefore has favourable applications for people trying to lose weight and subsequent beneficial effects on diseases associated with obesity including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome and some cancers.
Trichlorosucrose’s been shown to have no effect on hunger signalling and does not initiate an insulin response.

As well as contributing to obesity, sugar consumption has also been identified as a risk factor for CVD through Trichlorosucroses effects on serum triglycerides (a risk factor for CVD).
Therefore consuming Trichlorosucrose in place of sugar has positive implications in the reduction of risk of heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease.

Trichlorosucrose is also a suitable sweetener for sugar-free products suitable for use by both type 1 and type 2 diabetics as Trichlorosucrose has no effect on blood glucose or serum insulin levels.

Tastes Like Sugar:
Trichlorosucrose tastes like sugar and has no unpleasant aftertaste.
In scientific taste tests conducted by independent research organizations, Trichlorosucrose was found to have a taste profile very similar to sugar.

Can Help Control Caloric Intake:
Trichlorosucrose is not metabolized, thus Trichlorosucrose has no calories.
Trichlorosucrose passes rapidly through the body virtually unchanged, is unaffected by the body’s digestive process, and does not accumulate in the body.
By replacing Trichlorosucrose for sugar in foods and beverages, calories can be reduced substantially, or, in many products, practically eliminated.

Advantageous for People with Diabetes:
Trichlorosucrose is not recognized as sugar or a carbohydrate by the body.
Thus, Trichlorosucrose has no effect on glucose utilization, carbohydrate metabolism, the secretion of insulin, or glucose and fructose absorption.
Studies in persons with normal blood glucose levels and in persons with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes have confirmed that Trichlorosucrose has no effect on short- or long-term blood glucose control.

Does Not Promote Tooth Decay:
Scientific studies have shown that Trichlorosucrose does not support the growth of oral bacteria and does not promote tooth decay.

Extraordinary Heat Stability:
Trichlorosucrose is exceptionally heat stable, making Trichlorosucrose ideal for use in baking, canning, pasteurization, aseptic processing and other manufacturing processes that require high temperatures.
In studies among a range of baked goods, canned fruits, syrups, and jams and jellies, no measurable loss of Trichlorosucrose occurred during processing and throughout shelf life.

Long Shelf Life:
Trichlorosucrose combines the taste of sugar with the heat, liquid and storage stability required for use in all types of foods and beverages.
Trichlorosucrose is particularly stable in acidic products, such as carbonated soft drinks, and in other liquid based products (e.g., sauces, jelly, milk products, processed fruit drinks).
Trichlorosucrose is also very stable in dry applications such as powdered beverages, instant desserts, and tabletop sweeteners.

Ingredient Compatibility:
Trichlorosucrose has excellent solubility characteristics for use in food and beverage manufacturing and Trichlorosucrose is highly compatible with commonly used food ingredients, including flavors, seasonings, and preservatives.

Chemistry and Production of Trichlorosucrose:
Trichlorosucrose is a disaccharide composed of 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose and 4-chloro-4-deoxygalactose.
Trichlorosucrose is synthesized by the selective chlorination of sucrose in a multistep route that substitutes three specific hydroxyl groups with chlorine atoms.
This chlorination is achieved by selective protection of one of the primary alcohols as an ester (acetate or benzoate), followed by chlorination with an excess of any of several chlorinating agent to replace the two remaining primary alcohols and one of the secondary alcohols, and finally deprotection by hydrolysis of the ester.

Production:
Trichlorosucrose is made from a process that begins with regular table sugar (sucrose); however, Trichlorosucrose is not sugar.
Three select hydroxyl groups on the sucrose molecule are replaced with three chlorine atoms.
Trichlorosucrose’s structure prevents enzymes in the digestive tract from breaking Trichlorosucrose down, which is an inherent part of Trichlorosucroses safety.

Consumption:
Most (about 85 percent) of consumed Trichlorosucrose is not absorbed by the body and is excreted, unchanged, in the feces.
Of the small amount that is absorbed, none is broken down for energy—therefore, Trichlorosucrose does not provide any calories.
All absorbed Trichlorosucrose is excreted quickly in the urine.

Environmental effects of Trichlorosucrose:
According to one study, Trichlorosucrose is digestible by a number of microorganisms and is broken down once released into the environment.
However, measurements by the Swedish Environmental Research Institute have shown sewage treatment has little effect on Trichlorosucrose, which is present in wastewater effluents at levels of several μg/l (ppb).

No ecotoxicological effects are known at such levels, but the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency warns a continuous increase in levels may occur if the compound is only slowly degraded in nature.
When heated to very high temperatures (over 350 °C or 662 °F) in metal containers, Trichlorosucrose can produce polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and other persistent organic pollutants in the resulting smoke.

Trichlorosucrose has been detected in natural waters.
Studies indicate that this has virtually no impact on the early life development of certain animal species, but the impact on other species remains unknown.

Packaging and storage of Trichlorosucrose:
Most products that contain Trichlorosucrose add fillers and additional sweetener to bring Trichlorosucrose to the approximate volume and texture of an equivalent amount of sugar.
This is because Trichlorosucrose is nearly 600 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar).

Pure dry Trichlorosucrose undergoes some decomposition at elevated temperatures.
When Trichlorosucrose is in solution or blended with maltodextrin Trichlorosucrose is slightly more stable.

Pure Trichlorosucrose is sold in bulk, but not in quantities suitable for individual use, although some highly concentrated Trichlorosucrose–water blends are available online.
These concentrates contain one part Trichlorosucrose for each two parts water.

A quarter teaspoon of concentrate substitutes for one cup of sugar.
Pure, dry Trichlorosucrose undergoes some decomposition at elevated temperatures.
In solution or blended with maltodextrin, Trichlorosucrose is slightly more stable.

Storage:

Powder:
20°C / 3 years
4°C / 2 years

In solvent
80°C / 6 months
20°C / 1 month

Safety of Trichlorosucrose:
More than 100 safety studies representing over 20 years of research have shown Trichlorosucrose to be safe.
In 1998, the FDA approved Trichlorosucroses use as a sweetener in 15 specific food categories.
In 1999, the FDA expanded Trichlorosucroses regulation to allow Trichlorosucrose as a “general-purpose sweetener,” meaning that Trichlorosucrose is approved for use in any type of food or beverage.

Leading global health authorities such as the European Food Safety Authority and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives have concluded that Trichlorosucrose is safe for Trichlorosucroses intended use.
The safety of Trichlorosucrose has also been confirmed by Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; Food Standards Australia New Zealand; and Health Canada.
Based on the conclusions of these global authorities, Trichlorosucrose is currently permitted for use in more than 100 countries.

The FDA has established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) for Trichlorosucrose of 5 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) of body weight per day.
The JECFA first established an ADI of 0—15 mg/kg of body weight per day for Trichlorosucrose in 1991.
The European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Food confirmed JECFA’s ADI for Trichlorosucrose in 2000.

The ADI represents an amount 100 times less than the quantity of Trichlorosucrose found to achieve a no-observed-adverse-effect-level in toxicology studies.
The ADI is a conservative number that the vast majority of people will not reach.
Using the ADI established by the FDA, a person weighing 150 pounds (68 kg) would exceed the ADI (340 mg of Trichlorosucrose) if consuming more than 26 individual tabletop packets of Trichlorosucrose every day over the course of their lifetime.

While precise measurements of the total amount of Trichlorosucrose people consume in the U.S. is limited, 1.6 mg/kg of body weight per day is a conservative mean estimate of Trichlorosucrose intake from beverages among adults that has recently been reported.
Globally, estimated Trichlorosucrose intake from foods and beverages also remains well below the ADI established by JECFA.
A 2018 scientific review found that studies conducted since 2008 raise no concerns for exceeding the ADI of the major low- and no-calorie sweeteners—including Trichlorosucrose—in the general population.

Health and food safety authorities such as the FDA and JECFA have concluded that Trichlorosucrose is safe for adults and children to consume within the ADI.
Trichlorosucrose metabolism is not expected to be different in children than Trichlorosucrose is in adults.

Trichlorosucrose can add sweetness to a child’s foods and beverages without contributing to calories consumed or added sugars intake.
Trichlorosucrose is not cariogenic or fermentable like sugars, so Trichlorosucrose does not increase the risk of dental caries.

With a focus on reducing consumption of added sugars in recent decades, the number of food and beverage products containing low-calorie sweeteners has increased.
While observational research among U.S. children and adults has shown an increase in the percentage of people reporting daily consumption of products containing low-calorie sweeteners, current intake of low-calorie sweeteners is considered to be well within acceptable levels, both globally and in the U.S.

The American Heart Association (AHA) advises against children regularly consuming beverages containing low-calorie sweeteners, instead recommending water and other unsweetened beverages such as plain milk.
One of the notable exceptions in the 2018 AHA science advisory is made for children with diabetes, whose blood glucose management may be benefitted by consuming low-calorie-sweetened beverages in place of sugar-sweetened varieties.
Citing an absence of data, the 2019 policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) does not provide advice on children under two years of age consuming foods or beverages that contain low-calorie sweeteners.

The 2019 AAP policy statement does, however, acknowledge potential benefits of low-calorie sweeteners for children by reducing calorie intake (especially among children with obesity), incidence of dental caries and glycemic response among children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
The 2020—2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) do not recommend the consumption of low-calorie sweeteners or added sugars by children younger than two years of age.
This DGA recommendation is not related to body weight, diabetes or the safety of added sugars or low-calorie sweeteners, but is instead intended to avoid infants and toddlers developing a preference for overly sweet foods during this formative phase.

Trichlorosucrose has been used safely as an artificial sweetener for over 20 years.
Canada was the first country to approve Trichlorosucrose for use in foods and beverages.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Trichlorosucrose in 1998 after reviewing 110 scientific studies.
Trichlorosucrose was approved for use by everyone, including people who are pregnant and children.

Twenty years of follow-up research have shown Trichlorosucrose to be safe for humans to consume and there don't appear to be any problems with short-term or long-term use.
Trichlorosucrose doesn't seem to interact with other foods or medications.

Occasionally, people express concern about the addition of chlorine because Trichlorosucrose's found in bleach.
But chlorine (as chloride) is also found in table salt, lettuce, and mushrooms.
And since Trichlorosucrose isn't digested, the chlorine isn't released into the body anyway.

The safety of Trichlorosucrose is documented by one of the most extensive and thorough safety testing programs ever conducted on a new food additive.
More than 100 studies conducted and evaluated over a 20-year period clearly demonstrate the safety of Trichlorosucrose.
Studies were conducted in a broad range of areas to assess whether there were any safety risks regarding cancer, genetic effects, reproduction and fertility, birth defects, immunology, the central nervous system, and metabolism.

These studies clearly indicate that Trichlorosucrose:

Trichlorosucrose does not cause:
tooth decay
cancer
genetic changes
birth defects

Safety evaluation of Trichlorosucrose:
Trichlorosucrose has been accepted as safe by several food safety regulatory bodies worldwide, including the FDA, the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee Report on Food Additives, the European Union's Scientific Committee on Food, Health Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada, and Food Standards Australia New Zealand.
According to the Canadian Diabetes Association, the amount of Trichlorosucrose that can be consumed over a person's lifetime without any adverse effects is 900 mg per kg of body weight per day.

"In determining the safety of Trichlorosucrose, the FDA reviewed data from more than 110 studies in humans and animals.
Many of the studies were designed to identify possible toxic effects, including carcinogenic, reproductive, and neurological effects.
No such effects were found, and FDA's approval is based on the finding that Trichlorosucrose is safe for human consumption."

The FDA approval process indicated that consuming Trichlorosucrose in typical amounts as a sweetener was safe.
When the estimated daily intake is compared to the intake at which adverse effects are seen (known as the "highest no-effects limit", or HNEL at 1500 mg/kg BW/day, a large margin of safety exists.

The bulk of Trichlorosucrose ingested is not absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract (gut) and is directly excreted in the feces, while 11–27% of Trichlorosucrose is absorbed.
The amount absorbed from the gut is largely removed from the blood by the kidneys and eliminated in the urine, with 20–30% of the absorbed Trichlorosucrose being metabolized.

Research revealed that when Trichlorosucrose is heated to above 248 °F (120 °C), Trichlorosucrose may dechlorinate and decompose into compounds that could be harmful enough to risk consumer health.
The risk and intensity of this adverse effect is suspected to increase with rising temperatures.

The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment published an advisory warning that cooking with Trichlorosucrose could possibly lead to the creation of potentially carcinogenic chloropropanols, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, recommending that manufacturers and consumers avoid baking, roasting, or deep frying any Trichlorosucrose-containing foods until a more conclusive safety report is available.
Furthermore, adding Trichlorosucrose to food that has not cooled was discouraged, as was buying Trichlorosucrose-containing canned foods and baked goods.

Identifiers of Trichlorosucrose:
CAS number: 56038-13-2
EC number: 259-952-2
Grade: Ph Eur,ChP,NF,JPE
Hill Formula: C₁₂H₁₉Cl₃O₈
Molar Mass: 397.63 g/mol
HS Code: 2932 14 00
Quality Level: MQ500

ChEBI: CHEBI:32159
ECHA InfoCard: 100.054.484
E number: E955
KEGG: C12285
UNII: 96K6UQ3ZD4
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1040245
InChI:
InChI=1S/C12H19Cl3O8/c13-1-4-7(17)10(20)12(3-14,22-4)23-11-9(19)8(18)6(15)5(2-16)21-11/h4-11,16-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6+,7-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12+/m1/s1
Key: BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N
InChI=1/C12H19Cl3O8/c13-1-4-7(17)10(20)12(3-14,22-4)23-11-9(19)8(18)6(15)5(2-16)21-11/h4-11,16-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6+,7-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12+/m1/s1
Key: BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRBF
SMILES: Cl[C@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](O[C@@]1(O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)CCl)CCl)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO

Properties of Trichlorosucrose:
Chemical formula: C12H19Cl3O8
Molar mass: 397.64 g/mol
Appearance: Off-white to white powder
Odor: Odorless
Density: 1.69 g/cm3
Melting point: 125 °C (257 °F; 398 K)
Solubility in water: 283 g/L (20°C)
Acidity (pKa): 12.52±0.70

Density: 1.62 g/cm3 (20 °C) Not applicable
Melting Point: 114.5 °C (decomposition)
pH value: 6 - 8 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Solubility: 300 g/l

Molecular Weight: 397.6 g/mol
XLogP3: -1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 396.014551 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 396.014551 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 129Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 23
Complexity: 405
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 9
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Names of Trichlorosucrose:

Regulatory process names:
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactose
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactose

IUPAC name:
1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside

Preferred IUPAC name:
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy}-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol

IUPAC names:
(2R, 3R, 4R, 5R, 6R)-2-[(2R, 3S, 4S, 5S)-2,5-bis-(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy}-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-ß-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-a-D-galactose
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactose
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactose
1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyhex-2-ulofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxyhexopyranoside
4,1',6'-trichloro-galacto-sucrose
Sucralose

Trade names:
SUCRALOSE
Sucralose

Other names:
1′,4,6′-Trichlorogalactosucrose
Trichlorosucrose
E955
4,1′,6′-Trichloro-4,1′,6′-trideoxygalactosucrose
TGS
Sucralose

Other identifiers:
56038-13-2

2,4,4'-Trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether; Trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenylether; 5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol; 2,4,4'-Trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether; 5-Chloro-2-(2,4- dichlorophenoxy) phenol; cas no: 3380-34-5

SYNONYMS 2, 4, 4'-Trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenylether;2,2'-Oxybis(1',5'-dichlorophenyl-5-chlorophenol);2,4,4'-TRICHLORO-2'-HYDROXY DIPHENYLETHER;2',4',4-Trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether;2',4,4'-Trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether;2,4,4'-Trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether CAS NO:3380-34-5

Triclosan is a polychlorophenoxy phenol and a chlorinated aromatic compound which has functional groups representative of both ethers and phenols.
Triclosan is an antibacterial agent and preservative used in personal care and home-cleaning products; persistent in the environment.


CAS Number: 3380-34-5
EC-Number: 222-182-2
MDL Number: MFCD00800992
Chemical formula: C12H7Cl3O2


Triclosan (sometimes abbreviated as TCS) is an antibacterial and antifungal agent present in some consumer products, including toothpaste, soaps, detergents, toys, and surgical cleaning treatments.
Triclosan is similar in its uses and mechanism of action to triclocarban.


Triclosan was developed in 1966.
A 2006 study recommended showering with 2% triclosan as a regimen in surgical units to rid patients' skin of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).


The FDA did find that triclosan in Colgate Total toothpaste helped prevent gingivitis.
In the United States, by 2000, triclosan and triclocarban (TCC) could be found in 75% of liquid soaps and 29% of bar soaps, and as of 2014 triclosan was used in more than 2,000 consumer products.


Triclosan is a chemical ingredient used as an antibacterial and antifungal agent in common household products including soaps, toothpaste and hand sanitisers, and has only been around since the 1960s.
Triclosan, an antimicrobial agent, was commonly added to hand cleansers and other consumer products marketed as antibacterial cleansers.


However manufacturers have gradually reformulated their products without triclosan.
Triclosan is a synthetic, lipid soluble broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal agent which is widely used in personal care products, household items, medical devices, and fabrics and plastics.


Triclosan, distributed ubiquitously across the ecosystem, possesses intrinsic oestrogenic and androgenic activity which could provide some explanation for the endocrine disrupting properties described in aquatic species.
Triclosan is found in many mainstream skin and body care products, particularly antibacterial soaps, body washes, toothpastes and even some cosmetics.


Triclosan is a chemical ingredient used as an antibacterial and antifungal agent in common household products including soaps, toothpaste and hand sanitisers, and has only been around since the 1960s.
Triclosan, an antimicrobial agent, was commonly added to hand cleansers and other consumer products marketed as antibacterial cleansers.


However manufacturers have gradually reformulated their products without triclosan.
Triclosan (TCS) 5-chloro-2(2, 4 dichlorophenoxy) phenol, is the common name for a whitish crystalline powder that is a phenyl ether derivative.
Triclosan is added to products to prevent or reduce bacterial growth.


In 1969, Triclosan was registered as a pesticide.
Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent
Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal agent found in consumer products, including soaps, detergents, toys, and surgical cleaning treatments.


Triclosan is an antibacterial and antimicrobial chemical.
Triclosan (TCS) 5-chloro-2(2, 4 dichlorophenoxy) phenol, is the common name for a whitish crystalline powder that is a phenyl ether derivative.
Triclosan is added to products to prevent or reduce bacterial growth.


In 1969, Triclosan was registered as a pesticide.
Triclosan works by blocking the active site of the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase enzyme (ENR), which is an essential enzyme in fatty acid synthesis in Bacteria.


By blocking the active site, Triclosan inhibits the enzyme and therefore prevents the bacteria from synthesizing fatty acid, which is necessary for building cell membranes and for reproducing.
Humans do not have ENR enzymes, which has given scientists reason to believe that Triclosan is fairly harmless to them.


Triclosan, also known as TCS, is an antibacterial and antifungal ingredient that is added to many consumer products in order to prevent and reduce bacterial contamination.
Triclosan’s usage and mechanism of action are very similar to Triclocarban’s.


Triclocarban, also known as TCC, is an antibacterial chemical that is used in soaps, detergents, and toothpaste.
Triclosan is an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase.
Triclosan is an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase which has demonstrated bacteriostatic, antiseptic, and preservative properties.


Triclosan, a synthetic compound structurally resembling natural phenols, possesses a wide range of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as certain fungi.
Triclosan's mechanism of action involves inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.


Triclosan is an ingredient added to many personal care products as an 'antimicrobial' to kill off bacteria and other microbesii.
Triclosan is found in many mainstream skin and body care products, particularly antibacterial soaps, body washes and toothpastes.
Triclosan and triclocarban are commonly used antimicrobial agents found in many soaps and detergents.


Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent found in a wide variety of antibacterial soaps and detergents, as well as in many deodorants, toothpastes, cosmetics, fabrics and plastics.
Triclosan was initially developed as a surgical scrub for medical professionals, but in recent years it has been added to a host of consumer products, from kitchen cutting boards to shoes, in order to kill bacteria and fungus and prevent odors.


Triclosan is a chemical with antibacterial properties.
First made as a pesticide, triclosan has been around since the 1960s.
In recent years, Triclosan made its way into a wide range of personal care items.


Triclosan is best known for its germ-killing power.
That's why Triclosan has been used in so many hand soaps and body washes.
In water-based products like aftershave and makeup, Triclosan is a preservative.


Triclosan also helps fight odor, which is why it's in deodorants and body sprays.
Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent in clinical setting for disinfection, and prevention of spread and growth of bacteria, fungus, and mildew.
Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent that is added to household and industrial products to prevent bacterial and fungal growth.


Triclosan will be listed as an active ingredient on any product label, since it is considered a pesticide.
Triclosan is a chemical found in a wide range of household products. Triclosan acts as a preservative.
Triclosan helps to prevent odours.


Triclosan can kill or remove bacteria.
Triclosan stops the growth of bacteria, fungus and mildew.
Triclosan (2,4,4’ –trichloro-2’-hydroxydiphenyl ether) is an antimicrobial active ingredient incorporated into a variety of products to slow or stop the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mildew.


Triclosan is a chemical ingredient added to many different products.
Triclosan has antibacterial properties that prevent or stop bacterial growth and contamination.
In the past, triclosan’s germ-killing capabilities made it a common additive in many over-the-counter (OTC) antibacterial soaps and body washes.


Triclosan’s first use was as a pesticide in the 1960s.
Triclosan’s now an ingredient in commercial and industrial equipment such as conveyor belts and HVAC coils.
Triclosan is an ingredient added to many consumer products intended to reduce or prevent bacterial contamination.


Triclosan is added to some antibacterial soaps and body washes, toothpastes, and some cosmetics—products regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Triclosan also can be found in clothing, kitchenware, furniture, and toys—products not regulated by the FDA.


Triclosan has also been incorporated into other consumer products like kitchen utensils, children’s toys, bedding, clothes, fabrics and trash bags that are not regulated by the FDA.
Drug and personal care products containing triclosan are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRICLOSAN:
Triclosan was used as a hospital scrub in the 1970s. Prior to being banned, it had expanded commercially and was a common ingredient in soaps (0.10–1.00%), shampoos, deodorants, toothpastes, mouthwashes, cleaning supplies, and pesticides.
Triclosan also was part of consumer products, including kitchen utensils, toys, bedding, socks, and trash bags.


As of 2017, there were five registrations for triclosan with the EPA.
The antimicrobial active ingredient is added to a variety of products where it acts to slow or stop the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mildew.
In commercial, institutional, and industrial equipment uses, triclosan is incorporated in conveyor belts, fire hoses, dye bath vats, or ice-making equipment as an antimicrobial.


Triclosan may be directly applied to commercial HVAC coils, where it prevents microbial growth that contributes to product degradation.
In healthcare, triclosan is used in surgical scrubs and hand washes.
Use in surgical units is effective with a minimum contact time of approximately two minutes.


More recently, showering with 2% triclosan has become a recommended regimen in surgical units for the decolonization of patients whose skin carries methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Two small uncontrolled case studies reported the use of triclosan correlated with reduction in MRSA infections.


Triclosan is also used in the coatings for some surgical sutures.
There is good evidence these triclosan-coated sutures reduce the risk of surgical site infection.
The World Health Organization, the American College of Surgeons and the Surgical Infection Society point out the benefit of triclosan-coated sutures in reducing the risk for surgical site infection.


Triclosan is very effective against different types of bacteria and fungus.
In today’s world, Triclosan is widely used in many Over-the-counter products like soap, body washes, and toothpaste and it is also being used in non-OTC products like toys, textiles, and kitchen wear.


Triclosan has been employed as a selective agent in molecular cloning. A bacterial host transformed by a plasmid harboring a triclosan-resistant mutant FabI gene (mFabI) as a selectable marker can grow in presence of high dose of triclosan in growth media.
Triclosan is majorly used in food production, health care, cosmetics, and other consumer products.


Triclosan will be used in food containers, on top of food storage boxes, and on the surface of cutting boards to prevent bacteria growth.
Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal chemical agent used to stop the growth of bacteria, fungus, and mildew.
Triclosan is used in medical environments, cleaning products and paints, cosmetics, and personal care products.


Triclosan is also used as a preservative and can be found in plastic, rubber, textile, leather, and paper products.
Triclosan is found in many mainstream skin and body care products, particularly antibacterial soaps, body washes, toothpastes and even some cosmetics.
Triclosan is also used in soaps, toothpaste, toys, and surgical instruments.


Triclosan has been used for more than 40 years and it can be found in soaps, floor waxes, detergents, kitchen ware such as cutting boards, toothpastes & toothbrushes, lotions, deodorants and other skin care products, fabrics such as mattress pads and shoes, toys, caulking compounds, sealants, rubber, conveyor belts, fire hoses, carpeting and hand sanitizers and other products.


Triclosan has been proven to kill the bacteria that cause gingivitis.
Triclosan is also used in HVAC coils to help prevent microbial growth.
In 1998 it was estimated by the EPA that 1million pounds of Triclosan were produced annually.


Triclosan is used to kill bacteria. It was previously a common ingredient in liquid soaps labeled as “antibacterial” or “antimicrobial.
Triclosan is used in cosmetics, toothpaste, and in a wide variety of materials including athletic clothing and food packaging due to its antibacterial properties.


Triclosan is often included in oral care formulations as an antibacterial agent, but studies have not proven its efficacy.
Triclosan is the antibacterial part of antibacterial hand soap.
Triclosan is used in many personal care products to stop the growth of bacteria, fungus and mildew, as well as to deodorize.


Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.
Triclosan has been used for more than 40 years and it can be found in soaps, floor waxes, detergents, kitchen ware such as cutting boards, toothpastes & toothbrushes, lotions, deodorants and other skin care products, fabrics such as mattress pads and shoes, toys, caulking compounds, sealants, rubber, conveyor belts, fire hoses, carpeting and hand sanitizers and other products.


Triclosan has been proven to kill the bacteria that cause gingivitis.
Triclosan is also used in HVAC coils to help prevent microbial growth.
In 1998 it was estimated by the EPA that 1million pounds of Triclosan were produced annually.


Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal agent found in consumer products, including soaps, detergents, toys, and surgical cleaning treatments.
Triclosan is used mainly in antiperspirants/deodorants, cleansers, and hand sanitizers as a preservative and an anti-bacterial agent.
In addition to cosmetics, triclosan is also used as an antibacterial agent in laundry detergent, facial tissues, and antiseptics for wounds, as well as a preservative to resist bacteria, fungus, mildew and odors in other household products that are sometimes advertized as “anti-bacterial.


These products include garbage bags, toys, linens, mattresses, toilet fixtures, clothing, furniture fabric, and paints.
Triclosan also has medical applications.
Triclosan is an antibacterial ingredient that’s added to many consumer products.


Triclosan’s also found in at least one toothpaste in the United States.
For more than 30 years, Triclosan has been used in consumer products such as detergents, soaps, skin cleansers, deodorants, lotions, creams, toothpastes, and dishwashing liquids.


Triclosan can be added to other materials, such as textiles, to make them resistant to bacterial growth.
In residential and public access areas, Triclosan’s used in flooring, shower curtains and mattresses.
Triclosan can be used in detergents and soaps for its antibacterial effects.


Triclosan can also be found in deodorants, plastic pipes, various kitchen wares and hand wipes.
Triclosan's intended use is for anti-bacterial and anti-fungal applications.
Triclosan has been used as a pesticide since 1969.


In commercial, institutional, and industrial premises and equipment, triclosan is incorporated into items such as conveyor belts and ice-making equipment and applied directly to HVAC coils as an antimicrobial pesticide to prevent microbial growth.
Triclosan’s contained in some first aid products, cosmetics, clothing, kitchenware, and toys.


As a materials preservative in residential and public access premises, triclosan is used in floors, shower curtains, and mattresses.
Triclosan is also used as a materials preservative in adhesives, fabrics, textiles (footwear, clothing) and carpeting.
Cosmetic Uses of Triclosan: deodorants, and preservatives


-Triclosan in health care:
Seeing as triclosan is very effective at killing microorganisms, it is also used in health care.
For example, most hospital hand washes contain triclosan, and patients with MRSA – Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – are also washed with triclosan in hospitals.

Medical devices also contain triclosan, such as it is coated on surgical sutures that will gradually dissolve.
Triclosan is also used in urinary stents and has been shown to reduce the occurrence of urinary infections.


-Triclosan in Cosmetics:
Triclosan is also used as a preservative in cosmetics to prevent bacterial growth.
As Triclosan is effective in killing and preventing bacteria, it is also used in other cosmetic products such as soaps, body washes, deodorants, and even shampoo.

As more triclosan exposure is harmful to the human body, 0.3 percent of it is added to all products such as soaps, body washes, and toothpaste.
However, people who use multiple triclosan-containing products may be exposed to more than 0.3 percent, which is not recommended.


-Triclosan in other consumer products:
Triclosan is also found in a variety of other products such as textiles, toys, and carpets.
Triclosan is widely used on textiles because the fabric has the ability to store biocide and thus prevent bacteria for an extended period of time.

We can also say that triclosan is a textile finishing product.
A survey on soaps was conducted in 2007 and discovered that soaps with less than 1% triclosan are not able to stand out with bacteria, whereas soaps with more than 1% triclosan have the ability to reduce bacterial levels.


-Triclosan Application:
1. Oral hygiene products
2.Cosmetics (facial cleansing products, hair and body cleaning products, special skin care products, body odor care products)
3.Health antibacterial soap categories
4.All kinds of adult care products
5.Antibacterial detergent
6.Dishwashing detergent
7.Medical equipment disinfectant
8.Antibacterial fabric finishing agent
9.Antibacterial polymer products


-Uses of triclosan as a pesticide include:
*commercial, institutional, and industrial premises and equipment;
*residential and public access premises; and
*as a materials preservative.


-Indication uses of Triclosan:
Triclosan is used in a variety of common household products, including soaps, mouthwashes, dish detergents, toothpastes, deodorants, and hand sanitizers.
Triclosan is also used in health care settings in surgical scrubs and personnel hand washes.



MECHANISM OF ACTION, TRICLOSAN:
Triclosan is a biocidal compound with multiple targets in the cytoplasm and membrane.
At lower concentrations, however, triclosan appears bacteriostatic and is seen to target bacteria mainly by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis.
Triclosan binds to enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase enzyme (ENR).
Triclosan is a polychlorophenoxy phenol and a chlorinated aromatic compound which has functional groups representative of both ethers and phenols.
Triclosan is an antibacterial agent and preservative used in personal care and home-cleaning products; persistent in the environment.



TRICLOSAN IS FOUND IN:
*Antibacterial soaps and detergents
*Toothpaste and tooth whitening products
*Antiperspirants/deodorants
*Shaving products
*Creams
*Color cosmetics.



WHAT PRODUCTS CONTAIN TRICLOSAN?
A wide range of consumer products contain triclosan.
More than 80% of triclosan usage is in personal care products, cosmetics and household cleaning products.
These products contain between 0.1% and 0.3% triclosan.
These include items regulated by the FDA, such as:
*Fluoride toothpaste.
*Mouthwashes.
*Facial cleansers.
*Aftershave.
*Deodorants and body sprays.
*Lotions and creams.
*Cosmetics.
*Detergents and dishwashing liquids.

Triclosan is part of other materials, including pesticides and textiles.
Triclosan keeps these materials resistant to bacterial growth.
Clothing, shoes, carpeting, furniture, toys, and kitchenware all contain the ingredient.



TRICLOSAN AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE:
Researchers estimate that the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance around the world will cause the death of one person every 3 seconds by the year 2050.
This alarming threat to the public’s health is attributed to the widespread overuse and misuse of antibiotics, which has led to an increase in drug-resistant bacteria.

The exposure of bacteria to triclosan can not only increase the resistance of these species to triclosan through a variety of different mechanisms but can also exhibit cross-resistance to other clinically important antibiotics.
Research has suggested that the widespread use of biocidal agents like triclosan can potentially increase the global spread of antibiotic resistance.
The antimicrobial resistance associated with triclosan has been attributed to either modification and/or amplification of the target by this chemical.



TRICLOSAN'S MECHANISM OF ACTION:
The antimicrobial activity of triclosan has been shown to inhibit the growth of several different types of bacterial and fungal species.
Even inhibiting the growth of the Apicomplexa parasite species Plasmodium falciparum, which causes cerebral malaria, and Toxoplasma gondii the causative agent of toxoplasmosis.

When used at low concentrations, triclosan can successfully inhibit the growth of microorganisms; however, higher concentrations of this chemical will directly kill microorganisms.

Triclosan functions as an antimicrobial agent by impairing the production of bacterial lipids.
More specifically, it blocks the active site of a bacterial enzyme known as enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase.
Since humans lack this enzyme, triclosan has been generally accepted as harmless to human health.



HISTORY OF TRICLOSAN:
When triclosan, which has the chemical name 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol, was originally developed about 20 years ago, it was believed to be a nonionic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with a favorable safety profile.
As a result, Triclosan was rapidly incorporated into many different personal care products including deodorant soaps, antiperspirants shower gels, antibacterial hand soaps and soap bars, dishwashing liquids and toothpaste.



EFFECTIVENESS OF TRICLOSAN:
In surgery, triclosan coated sutures reduce the risk of surgical site infection.
Some studies suggest that antimicrobial hand soaps containing triclosan provide a slightly greater bacterial reduction on the hands compared to plain soap.
As of 2013, the US FDA had found clear benefit to health for some consumer products containing triclosan, but not in others; for example the FDA had no evidence that triclosan in antibacterial soaps and body washes provides any benefit over washing with regular soap and water.



CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF TRICLOSAN:
Triclosan is a white powdered solid with a slight aromatic, phenolic odor.
Categorized as a polychloro phenoxy phenol, triclosan is a chlorinated aromatic compound that has functional groups representative of both ethers and phenols.
Phenols often demonstrate antibacterial properties.
Triclosan is soluble in ethanol, methanol, diethyl ether, and strongly basic solutions such as a 1M sodium hydroxide solution, but only slightly soluble in water.
Triclosan can be synthesized from 2,4-dichlorophenol.



SYNTHESIS OF TRICLOSAN:
Under a reflux process, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-methoxydiphenyl ether is treated with aluminium chloride.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF TRICLOSAN:
At high concentrations, triclosan acts as a biocide with multiple cytoplasmic and membrane targets.
However, at the lower concentrations seen in commercial products, triclosan appears bacteriostatic, and it targets bacteria primarily by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis.

Triclosan binds to bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) enzyme, which is encoded by the gene fabI.
This binding increases the enzyme's affinity for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).
This results in the formation of a stable, ternary complex of ENR-NAD+-triclosan, which is unable to participate in fatty acid synthesis.

Fatty acids are necessary for building and reproducing cell membranes.
Vertebrates do not have an ENR enzyme and thus are not affected by this mode of action.



EFFLUX PUMP INDUCER:
Triclosan may upregulate or induce efflux pumps in bacteria causing them to become resistant against variety of other antibiotics.



HISTORY OF TRICLOSAN:
Triclosan (TCS) was patented in 1964 by Swiss company Ciba-Geigy. The earliest known safety testing began in 1968.
It was introduced the next year, mainly for use in hospitals, and was in worldwide production and use by the early 1970s.
In 1997 Ciba-Geigy merged with another Swiss company, Sandoz, to form Novartis.
During the merger, Ciba-Geigy's chemical business was spun off to become Ciba Specialty Chemicals, which was acquired in 2008 by chemical giant BASF.

When triclosan, which has the chemical name 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol, was originally developed about 20 years ago, it was believed to be a nonionic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with a favorable safety profile.
As a result, this chemical was rapidly incorporated into many different personal care products including deodorant soaps, antiperspirants shower gels, antibacterial hand soaps and soap bars, dishwashing liquids and toothpaste.



BACKGROUND OF TRICLOSAN:
An aromatic ether that Triclosan is phenol which is substituted at C-5 by a chloro group and at C-2 by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group.
Triclosan is widely used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in personal care products such as soaps, skin creams, toothpaste and deodorants as well as in household items such as plastic chopping boards, sports equipment and shoes.



WHERE IS TRICLOSAN FOUND?
Triclosan is frequently found in liquid antibacterial soaps, toothpastes, and cosmetics.
Triclosan has also been added to clothes, toys, cutting boards, home products, and other consumer products, although some states are beginning to ban its use.

The majority of triclosan in products ends up washed down the drain.
After wastewater treatment, triclosan can accumulate in sewage sludge, which, if used for fertilizer, can end up absorbed by plants, including food crops.
Triclosan is commonly added to household products such as: Antibacterial hand & dish soaps, Disinfectant products, Tartar-control toothpastes, Some deodorants, Some fragrances.



EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS THAT MAY CONTAIN TRICLOSAN INCLUDE:
*lotions
*hand sanitizers
*eye and face makeup
*natural health products
*fragrances and deodorants
*toothpaste and mouthwash
*soaps, skin cleansers, and shampoos



WHAT ARE TRICLOSAN AND TRICLOCARBAN?
Triclosan and triclocarban have been used in home, beauty and personal care products for many years.
The two ingredients have very similar properties, although each performs better in different types of product.
For example, triclosan is used more often in liquid soaps, while triclocarban is used mainly in soap bars.
In toothpastes and mouthwashes triclosan helps fight plaque germs, which are the cause of many oral health problems.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRICLOSAN:
Chemical formula: C12H7Cl3O2
Molar mass: 289.54 g·mol−1
Appearance: White solid
Density: 1.49 g/cm3
Melting point: 55–57 °C (131–135 °F; 328–330 K)
Boiling point: 120 °C (248 °F; 393 K)
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Assay: 97 - 103%
Insolubility: in water
Melting Point: 54-57 c
Molecular weight: 289.54
Solubility: org. solvs.
Beilstein Number: 0605448
MDL: MFCD00800992
XlogP3-AA: 5.00 (est)
Molecular Weight: 289.54219000
Formula: C12 H7 Cl3 O2
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 54.00 to 58.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 344.00 to 345.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000032 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 324.00 °F. TCC ( 162.20 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 4.760
Soluble in: water, 10 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)

Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor. phenol-like
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 55,0 - 59,0 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range:
280 - 290 °C at 1.013 hPa - Decomposes on heating.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,0108 g/l at 30 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 4,8 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: 0,00001 hPa at 25 °C
Density: No data available
Relative density: 1,55 at 22 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Dissociation constant 8,14 at 20 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRICLOSAN:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRICLOSAN:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRICLOSAN:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRICLOSAN:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRICLOSAN:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRICLOSAN:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol
2,4,4′-Trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether
5-Chloro-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol
Trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether
CH-3565
Lexol 300
Irgasan DP 300
Ster-Zac
5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol
2,4,4-tricloro-2-hydroxy diphenylether
Phenol, 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-
5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol
5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol

Triclosan is an efficient broad-spectrum topical antimicrobial disinfectant which is normally white or off-white crystalline powder.
Triclosan has a slightly phenolic odor.
Triclosan is insoluble in water but easily soluble in organic solvents and alkali.

CAS: 3380-34-5
MF: C12H7Cl3O2
MW: 289.54
EINECS: 222-182-2

Synonyms
2,4,4-trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenylether(irgasandp-300);2’-hydroxy-2,4,4’-trichloro-phenylethe;5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-pheno;2,4,4'-TRICHLORO-2'-HYDROXYDIPHENYL ETHER;2,4,4-TRICHLORO-2-HYDROXYDIPHENYL ETHER;TRICLOSAN;trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenylether;TROX-100;triclosan;3380-34-5;5-CHLORO-2-(2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY)PHENOL;Cloxifenolum;2,4,4'-Trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether;Irgasan;Triclosanum;Irgasan DP300;Stri-Dex Cleansing Bar;CH 3565;Phenol, 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-;Lexol 300özl;5-Chloro-2-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)-phenol;Caswell No. 186A;DP-300;Triclosanum [INN-Latin]2,4,4'-Trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether;HSDB 7194;CHEBI:164200;EINECS 222-182-2;Ether, 2'-hydroxy-2,4,4'-trichlorodiphenyl;Phenyl ether, 2'-hydroxy-2,4,4'-trichloro-;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 054901;NSC-759151;UNII-4NM5039Y5X;CH3565;BRN2057142;CCRIS9253;DTXSID5032498;4NM5039Y5X;DNDI1246774;CHEMBL849;Neostrata Antibacterial Facial Cleanser;DTXCID3012498;Triclosan [USAN:USP:INN:BAN];MFCD00800992;NSC 759151;Triclosan 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane;TCL;COLGATE TOTAL COMPONENT TRICLOSAN;NCGC00159417-02;NCGC00159417-05;NCGC00159417-06;Stri-Dex Face Wash;Aquasept;Sapoderm;Triclosanum (INN-Latin);C12H7Cl3O2;TRICLOSAN (MART.);TRICLOSAN [MART.];TRICLOSAN (USP-RS);TRICLOSAN [USP-RS];TCS;TRICLOSAN (USP MONOGRAPH);TRICLOSAN [USP MONOGRAPH];Cloxifenol;Triclosan (USAN:USP:INN:BAN);2-Hydroxy-2',4,4'-trichlorodiphenyl Ether;SMR000471847;CAS-3380-34-5;Triclosan (USP/INN);SR-01000762974;88032-08-0;triclosano;Germasidol;Therazcream;Trichlorosan
;Dermacare;EcolabDigiclean;EqualineLiquid;Freshands;Pacific;Prevens;Quiksan;Sterzac;Tricolsan;Wegmans;Orchid;Stri-Dex cleansing bar (TN);Jabonito Fresh;Sbs Ultragreen;Cv Medicated;Forest Fresh;Fresh Citrus;Hand Cleanse;Sbs Ultrapink;Stoko Refresh;Tc Spraysoap;Tork Premium;Vanilla Cream;Rite AidLiquid;Foamy Mango;Health Stat;Holiday Elegance;Lynx medi foam;Purgo Ultra;Satin Pink;Antibacterial Bar;Deb Gold;Servo-stat Te;Thera Rx;Health-stat Foam;Servo-stat T;1nhg;Purgo Satin Foam;Purgo Ultra Foam;Hand CleanseRefill;Antibac Foam Wash;Deluxe All-purpose;Scott Antibacterial;Triclosan; Irgasan;Servo-stat T Foam;Harris TeeterFoaming;Liquid Hand Cleanse;Market Basket Ultra;Antibacterial Foaming;Astound Antibacterial;Foaming Antibacterial;Foaming Antimicrobial;Irgaguard B1000;Triclosanum (Latin);Anchor Foaming Mango;Ecocare 250;Fu ER Jie;GermicidaAntimicrobial;Irgasan DP 30;Rite AidAntibacterial;Wegmans Orange Scent;Rite AidFoaming Hand;BodycologyCoconut Lime;Deluxe Dish Detergent;Dt Antibacterial Hand;Triclosan 0.46%;Body WashClear Spring;Irgasan DP-300R;LE TECHNIQPEAR;Anti-bacterial Foaming;Handtastic Foamy Mango;Nutri VetMedicated Dog;White Tea Antibacterial;3p9t;4w9n;BodycologyCherry Blossom;BodycologyCucumber Melon;BodycologyWhite Gardenia;Kiwi Crate Liquid Hand;Simply Right Body Care;Triclosan, 0.30%;TOPCOANTIBACTERIAL;TRICLOSAN [INN]

Triclosan has a relative stable chemical property and is heating-resistant and also resistant to acid and alkali hydrolysis without generating any symptoms of the toxicity and environmental pollution.
Triclosan is internationally recognized as a fungicide variety with specific efficacy.
Triclosan can kill bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and fungi such as Candida albicans.
Triclosan also has an inhibitory effect on the virus (e.g., hepatitis B virus, etc.) while being able to protect the beneficial bacteria.
The mechanism of action of triclosan is as below: Triclosan is first adsorbed on the bacterial cell wall and then further penetrates through the cell wall and has reaction with the lipid and protein in the cytoplasm, and thus resulting in protein denaturation which further kill the bacteria.
Currently Triclosan has been widely applied to highly-efficient medicated soap (health soap, health lotion), removing underarm odor (foot aerosol), hand sanitizer, wound disinfectant sprays, medical equipment disinfectants, hygiene cleanser (cream), and air fresheners and refrigerator deodorants and some other daily chemicals.
Triclosan is also used for the cleaning of the health fabric and the anti-corrosion treatment of plastics.

Triclosan's high purity version can be added to the toothpaste and mouthwash for treatment of gingivitis, periodontitis and oral ulcers.
The State content must not exceed 0.3%.
Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial fatty acid synthesis.
Triclosan is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as against Mycobacteria.
Triclosan is used in a variety of products, including antiseptic soaps, deodorants, and hand washes.
Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound.
Triclosan was originally used in soaps, antiperspirants, and cosmetic toiletries as a germicide.
Today, triclosan is incorporated into toothpaste because of its wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities and low toxicity.

An aromatic ether that is phenol which is substituted at C-5 by a chloro group and at C-2 by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group.
Triclosan is widely used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in personal care products such as soaps, skin creams, toothpaste and deodo ants as well as in household items such as plastic chopping boards, sports equipment and shoes.
Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal agent present in some consumer products, including toothpaste, soaps, detergents, toys, and surgical cleaning treatments.

Triclosan is similar in its uses and mechanism of action to triclocarban.
Triclosan's efficacy as an antimicrobial agent, the risk of antimicrobial resistance, and its possible role in disrupted hormonal development remains controversial.
Additional research seeks to understand its potential effects on organisms and environmental health.
Triclosan was developed in 1966.
A 2006 study recommended showering with 2% triclosan as a regimen in surgical units to rid patients' skin of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Triclosan is effective against many different bacteria as well as some fungi and protozoa it is widely used as an antiseptic, preservative and disinfectant in healthcare and in many consumer products including cosmetics, household cleaning products, plastic materials, toys and paints.
Triclosan is also included in surface of medical devices, plastic materials, textiles and kitchen utensils where it acts as a bactericide for extended periods of time.

History
Triclosan was patented in 1964 by Swiss company Ciba-Geigy.
The earliest known safety testing began in 1968.
Triclosan was introduced the next year, mainly for use in hospitals, and was in worldwide production and use by the early 1970s.
In 1997 Ciba-Geigy merged with another Swiss company, Sandoz, to form Novartis.
During the merger, Ciba-Geigy's chemical business was spun off to become Ciba Specialty Chemicals, which was acquired in 2008 by chemical giant BASF.
BASF currently manufactures TCS under the brand name Irgasan DP300.

Triclosan Chemical Properties
Melting point: 56-60 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 290°C(lit.)
Density: 1.4214 (rough estimate)
Vapor pressure: 0.001Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.4521 (estimate)
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility H2O: soluble12g/L at 20°C
pka: 7.9(at 25℃)
Form: Solid
Color: colorless or white
Water Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, methanol, diethyl ether and sodium hydroxide solution (1M). Slightly soluble in water.
Merck: 14,9657
BRN: 2057142
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 4.9 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 3380-34-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Triclosan(3380-34-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Triclosan (3380-34-5)

Triclosan is colorless and long needle-like crystals with a melting point being around 54-57.3 ℃ (60-61 ℃).
Triclosan is slightly soluble in water and soluble in ethanol, acetone, ethyl ether and alkali solution.
Triclosan has a chloro-phenol odor.

Triclosan is a white powdered solid with a slight aromatic, phenolic odor. Categorized as a polychloro phenoxy phenol, triclosan is a chlorinated aromatic compound that has functional groups representative of both ethers and phenols.
Phenols often demonstrate antibacterial properties.
Triclosan is soluble in ethanol, methanol, diethyl ether, and strongly basic solutions such as a 1M sodium hydroxide solution, but only slightly soluble in water.
Triclosan can be synthesized from 2,4-dichlorophenol.

Synthesis
Under a reflux process, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-methoxydiphenyl ether is treated with aluminium chloride.
The United States Pharmacopeia formulary has published a monograph for triclosan that sets purity standards.

Physical properties
Triclosan is a slightly aromatic high-purity white crystalline powder; Solubility: slightly soluble in water, moderately soluble in dilute alkali, has high solubility in many organic solvents, in water-soluble solvents or surfactants After dissolving, Triclosan can be made into a transparent concentrated liquid product.

Uses
1. Triclosan can be used as antiseptic and fungicide and applied to cosmetics, emulsions and resins; also can be used for the manufacture of disinfection medicated soap.
The LD50 of mice subject to oral administration of Triclosan is 4g/kg.
2. Triclosan can be used for the production of top-grade daily chemical product, the disinfectants of medical instrument as well as diet instrument as well as the preparation of the anti-bacterial, deodorant finishing agent of fabric.
3. Triclosan can also be applied to biochemical studies.
Triclosan is a kind of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents which inhibit the type II fatty acid synthase (FAS-II) of bacteria and parasites, and also inhibits the mammalian fatty acid synthase (FASN), and may also have anticancer activity

Used as bacteriostat and preservative for cosmetic and detergent compositions. Antiseptic, disinfectant.
Bacteriostat and preservative for cosmetic and detergent preparations.
Triclosan is a preservative considered to have a low sensitizing potential in leave-on preparations.
Triclosan was used as a hospital scrub in the 1970s. Prior to its change in regulatory status in the EU and US, Triclosan had expanded commercially and was a common ingredient in soaps (0.10–1.00%), shampoos, deodorants, toothpastes, mouthwashes, cleaning supplies, and pesticides.
Triclosan also was part of consumer products, including kitchen utensils, toys, bedding, socks, and trash bags.

Triclosan was registered as a pesticide in 1969.
U.S. EPA registration numbers are required for all EPA-registered pesticides.
As of 2017, there were five registrations for triclosan with the EPA.
Currently, there are 20 antimicrobial registrations with the EPA under the regulations of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).
The antimicrobial active ingredient is added to a variety of products where Triclosan acts to slow or stop the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mildew.
In commercial, institutional, and industrial equipment uses, triclosan is incorporated in conveyor belts, fire hoses, dye bath vats, or ice-making equipment as an antimicrobial.
Triclosan may be directly applied to commercial HVAC coils, where it prevents microbial growth that contributes to product degradation.
In the United States, by 2000, triclosan and triclocarban (TCC) could be found in 75% of liquid soaps and 29% of bar soaps, and as of 2014 triclosan was used in more than 2,000 consumer products.

In healthcare, triclosan is used in surgical scrubs and hand washes.
Use in surgical units is effective with a minimum contact time of approximately two minutes.
More recently, showering with 2% triclosan has become a recommended regimen in surgical units for the decolonization of patients whose skin carries methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Two small uncontrolled case studies reported the use of triclosan correlated with reduction in MRSA infections.

Triclosan is also used in the coatings for some surgical sutures.
There is good evidence these triclosan-coated sutures reduce the risk of surgical site infection.
The World Health Organization, the American College of Surgeons and the Surgical Infection Society point out the benefit of triclosan-coated sutures in reducing the risk for surgical site infection.
Triclosan has been employed as a selective agent in molecular cloning.
A bacterial host transformed by a plasmid harboring a triclosan-resistant mutant FabI gene (mFabI) as a selectable marker can grow in presence of high dose of triclosan in growth media.

Effectiveness
In surgery, triclosan coated sutures reduce the risk of surgical site infection.
Some studies suggest that antimicrobial hand soaps containing triclosan provide a slightly greater bacterial reduction on the hands compared to plain soap.
As of 2013, the US FDA had found clear benefit to health for some consumer products containing triclosan, but not in others; for example the FDA had no evidence that triclosan in antibacterial soaps and body washes provides any benefit over washing with regular soap and water.

A Cochrane review of 30 studies concluded that triclosan/copolymer-containing toothpastes produced a 22% reduction in both dental plaque and gingival inflammation when compared with fluoride toothpastes without triclosan/copolymer.
There was weak evidence of a reduction in tooth cavities, and no evidence of reduction in periodontitis.
A study of triclosan toothpastes did not find any evidence that it causes an increase in serious adverse cardiac events such as heart attacks.

A study by Colgate-Palmolive found a significant reduction in gingivitis, bleeding, and plaque with the use of triclosan-containing toothpaste.
An independent review by the Cochrane group suggests that the reduction in gingivitis, bleeding, and plaque is statistically significant (unlikely to occur by chance) but not clinically significant (unlikely to provide noticeable effects).
Triclosan is used in food storage containers: 417–423 although this use is banned in the European Union since 2010.
Veterinary use as a biocidal product in the EU is governed by the Biocidal Products Directive.

Pharmacology
Triclosan is retained in dental plaque for at least 8 hours, which in addition to its broad antibacterial property could make it suitable for use as an antiplaque agent in oral care preparations.
However, Triclosan is rapidly released from oral tissues, resulting in relatively poor antiplaque properties as assessed in clinical studies of plaque formation.
This observation is further corroborated by a poor correlation between minimal inhibitory concentration values generated in vitro and clinical plaque inhibitory properties of triclosan.
Improvement of substantivity was accomplished by incorporation of triclosan in a polyvinyl methyl ether maleic acid copolymer (PVM/MA, Gantrez).
With the combination of PVM/MA copolymer and triclosan, the substantivity of the triclosan was increased to 12 hours in the oral cavity.

Clinical Use
Triclosan plus copolymer is available in toothpaste.
Commercially available dentifrice concentrations contain 0.3% triclosan and 2.0% PVM/MA copolymer.

Toothpaste Standard
The national standard of the toothpaste used in China is the new national standard of toothpaste (GB8372-2008) implemented on February 1, 2009.
Compared with the 2001 version of toothpaste standard, the new national standard has been supplemented and adjusted in various aspects.
In the new national standard of toothpaste, the prohibited or restricted ingredients include nearly 1,500 kinds, including diethylene glycol and triclosan.
The provision of diethylene glycol is that Triclosan is not allowed to artificially add it to the raw materials, such as being introduced as impurities.
Triclosan's content in the toothpaste should not exceed 0.1%.
Triclosan were listed as being allowable preservatives but with the usage amount not exceeding 0.3%.
The new national standard has ruled that the fluorine content of the fluoride-containing toothpaste should be within the range of 0.04%-0.15%, and the fluoride content should be within the range of 0.05% to 011% for children fluoride-containing toothpaste.

Production method
1. Take 2, 4-dichloro-phenol as the raw material; use 2,4-dichloro-phenol to react with potassium hydroxide to generate dichlorophenol potassium which further reacts with 2,5-dichloro-nitrobenzene in the catalysis of copper for generation of 2,4,4-trichloro-2'-nitro diphenyl ether.
Triclosan is further reduced by iron powder to generate 2, 4, 4-trichloro-2'-amino diphenyl ether, and then further went through diazotization hydrolysis to obtain the product.
2. Take o-methoxyphenol as the raw material: have potassium hydroxide powder reacted with guaiacol to generate guaiacol potassium.
Apply reaction between bromobenzene and methoxy ether, together with chlorine for chlorination to obtain 2, 4, 4’-trichloro-2'-methoxydiphenyl ether.
Take AICI3 as hydrolysis catalyst to generate 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether.

Manufacturing Process
476 g of 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenol(4-chloroguaiacol) and 578 parts of 3,4- dichloro-1-nitrobenzene are melted in 400 ml of diethylene glycoldimethyl ether in a three necked flask fitted with a stirrer and sloping condenser and, at about 120°C, 342 g of 49.6% potassium hydroxide solution are added drop-wise within about 4 h.
The inner temperature is kept for 12 h at 140°- 150°C whereby water and slight amounts of organic substances distill off, as partly occured during the dropwise addition of the potassium hydroxide solution.
The reaction mixture is then poured into a mixture of water and sodium hydroxide solution, the precipitate is filtered off, dried and recrystallised from benzene.
The 2-methoxy-4,2'-dichloro-4'-nitrodiphenyl ether obtained melts at 159°-161°C.
623 g of 2-methoxy-4,2'-dichloro-4'-nitrodiphenyl ether in 4000 ml of dioxan are catalytically hydrogenated in the presence of 250 g of Raney nickel at room temperature and under normal pressure.

After the calculated amount of hydrogen, the Raney nickel is filtered off and the 2-methoxy-4,2'-dichloro-4'- aminodiphenyl ether is precipitated by the addition of water, filtered off, washed and dried, melting point 100°-102°C.
204 g of well milled 2-methoxy-4,2'-dichloro-4'-aminodiphenyl ether are added to a mixture of 254 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 1600 ml of water, the addition being made at room temperature while stirring well.
The suspension formed is cooled to 0°-5°C and at this temperature 225 g of 33% sodium nitrite solution is added under the level of the liquid.
The mixture is stirred for another 12 h at 0°-5°C.
A solution of 86 g of sodium bisulphate and 60 g of sodium hydroxide in 640 ml of water is added at 80°C to a solution of 400 g of crystallised copper sulfate and 106 g of sodium chloride in 1280 ml of water.

The cuprous chloride formed is allowed to settle, the water is poured off and the precipitate is purified by decanting three times with water.
The residue is dissolved in 640 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, the solution is heated to 65°-70°C and the diazo suspension produced above is added while stirring.
After cooling, the aqueous phase is poured off, the resin_x0002_like organic phase is taken up in ether, the ether solution is extracted with dilute sodium hydroxide solution, washed neutral, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated.
The residue is distilled under water jet vacuum. The 2- methoxy-4,2',4'-trichlorodiphenyl ether obtained boils at 210°-217°C.
243 g of aluminum chloride are added to the solution of 187.5 g of 2- methoxy-4,2',4'-trichlorodiphenyl ether in 800 ml of benzene and the reaction mixture is boiled for 30 min while stirring.
After cooling, Triclosan is poured into ice and hydrochloric acid, the benzene phase is separated and extracted with water and sodium hydroxide solution.
The mimosa alkaline aqueous phase is separated, the last remains of benzene are removed by blowing in steam, Triclosan is then filtered and acidified with hydrochloric acid.
The precipitated 2-hydroxy- 4,2',4'-tri-chlorodiphenyl ether is filtered off, washed and dried.
After recrystallisation from petroleum ether it melts at 60°-61°C.

Carcinogenicity
In 2004, a teacher (Dr. Peter Vikesland) from the Virginia Tech University (US) had found from the experiments that the reaction between the triclosan-containing product and the chlorine-containing tap water containing can generate a substance known as "chloroform aryl", that is, chloroform (chemical name: trichloromethane) which is a colorless, volatile liquid with a special sweetness.
Upon exposure to light, Triclosan will be oxidized to generate hydrogen chloride and phosgene.
Triclosan had been once used as an anesthetic.
Animal experiments have found that this substance will do harm to the heart and liver with mild teratogenicity and can induce the liver cancer of mice.
However, so far no studies on the human carcinogenicity have been reported.
For insurance purposes, both the International Cancer Research Centre and the United States have already has the chloroform be listed as suspected carcinogens to the human body.

Mechanism of action
Triclosan is active against a broad range of oral grampositive and gram-negative bacteria.
The primary target of its antibacterial activity is the bacterial cell membrane.
High concentrations cause membrane leakage and ultimately lysis of the bacterial cell.
Effects at lower concentration are more subtle.
Triclosan has been shown to bind to cell membrane targets and inhibit enzymes associated with the phosphotransferase and proton motive force systems.

Side effects
Triclosan is a preservative used in health care and consumer products, including soaps, deodorants, mouthwashes, toothpastes, cosmetics, and topical medicaments.
Ozkaya et al. described a case of suspected immune mediated Cou to triclosan.
A 44-year-old female reported experiencing an immediate localized urticarial response after contact with numerous topical products.
The use of a toothpaste had also resulted in swelling of her lips, tongue, and breathing difficulties.
She also experienced lip swelling after kissing her husband who had used the same product and wheals involving her face after kissing friends on the cheek who had used certain topical products on their faces.
The suspected products all contained triclosan 0.2%–0.5%.
A severe localized urticarial reaction occurred with open testing to 2% triclosan within 15 minutes.
No tests were performed to confirm an immunological mechanism; however, the authors suspected this to be the case because of a positive urticarial response to triclosan within 15 minutes, a history of angioedema to the triclosan-containing toothpaste, and because no immediate reactions were seen in five control subjects who were open tested to 2% triclosan.

TCP; Tritolyl phosphate; Phosphoric acid tritolyl ester; Cresyl phosphate; Tris(methylphenyl)ester of phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid tris(methylphenyl) ester; Tricresyl phosphates; Tritolyl phosphate; Tricresyl phosphate; Phosphoric acid tolyl ester; Thiorthocresyl phosphate; Tris(tolyloxy)phosphine oxide; Plasticizer TCP; Tritolylfosfat; Tricresilfosfati; Phosphate de tricresyle; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 083401; Kronitex; Lindol CAS NO: 1330-78-5 (Mixture); 78-30-8 (Tri-o-cresyl phosphate); 563-04-2 (Tri-m-cresyl phosphate); 78-32-0 (Tri-p-cresyl phosphate)

Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) acts as a plasticizer and flame retardant.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is primarily a plasticizer.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is in non-combustible, viscous, clear liquid form.


CAS Number: 78-30-8
mixed isomers: 1330-78-5
EC Number: 215-548-8
Molecular Formula: (CH3C6H4O)3PO / C21H21O4P



SYNONYMS:
Tris(2-methylphenyl) phosphate, tri-o-cresyl phosphate, TOCP, tritolyl phosphate, ortho-isomer, tri-o-tolyl ester of phosphoric acid, triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP), TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE, Tri-p-tolyl phosphate, 78-32-0, TRI-P-CRESYL PHOSPHATE, Tris(4-methylphenyl) phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tris(4-methylphenyl) ester, Phosphoric acid, tri-p-tolyl ester, tri-p-tolylphosphate, tris-p-tolyl phosphate, Phosphoric acid, tri(4-tolyl)ester, Tri-4-cresyl phosphate, Tris(p-cresyl) phosphate, Tris(p-methylphenyl) phosphate, Phosphoric Acid Tri-p-tolyl Ester, NSC-2181, p-Tolyl phosphate ((C7H7O)3PO), 5149JKD098, TPC, Phosphoric acid, tris(methylphenyl) ester, DSSTox_CID_1391, DSSTox_RID_76133, DSSTox_GSID_21391, CAS-1330-78-5, Phosphoric Acid Tris(4-?methylphenyl) Ester, HSDB 2559, NSC 2181, EINECS 201-105-6, AI3-04490, UNII-5149JKD098, trip-tolyl phosphate, 4-methylphenyl di4-methylphenyl phosphate, SCHEMBL21582, CHEMBL1596847, DTXSID5052676, NSC2181, Phosphoric Acid Tri-p-cresyl Ester, Tox21_201546, Tox21_302886, BBL000008, MFCD00041908, STK368776, AKOS005208650, TRI-P-CRESYL PHOSPHATE [HSDB], Tritolyl phosphate, mixture of isomers, P-TOLYL PHOSPHATE (C7H7O)3PO, Tricresyl phosphate, mixture of isomers, NCGC00091176-01, NCGC00091176-02, NCGC00091176-03, NCGC00164427-01, NCGC00256457-01, NCGC00260672-01, Tricresyl phosphate (Tritolyl phosphate), DB-353155, Phosphoric Acid Tris(4-methylphenyl) Ester, CS-0313141, NS00008724, T2209, D92582, Q26840796, Tritolyl phosphate, Phosphoric Acid Tricresyl Ester



Tricresyl phosphate (TCP), also called tricresylphosphate, tritolyl phosphate, tolyl phosphate, or tri-o-tolyl ester of phosphoric acid, is an organic compound, an organophosphate, an ester of phosphoric acid.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is primarily a plasticizer.


Formula (CH3C6H4O)3PO, kn 420 °C, refractive index (at 24 °C) 1.556, density 1.62 g/mL, crystallization point below -35 °C, flash point 225 °C, auto-ignition temperature 410 °C, colorless, odorless, Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene nitrocellulose, flame retardant for plastics, waterproofing, heat exchanger, pressurized lubricating oils, additives for hydraulic fluids.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is in non-flammable, viscous, clear liquid form.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is generally sold in barrel packaging.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) acts as a plasticizer and flame retardant.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) possesses excellent hydrolysis stability, oil resistance, electric insulative and high fungus resistance.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP), Choice Grade, in the form of a colorless to yellowish transparent oily liquid, is a plasticizer for vinyl resins and nitrocellulose.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP)'s flash point is greater than 230 degrees Celsius, and contains less than 1 mg of potassium hydroxide per gram.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is primarily a plasticizer.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is in non-combustible, viscous, clear liquid form.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP)'s formula is (CH3C6H4O)3PO, c.n. 420 °C, refractive index (at 24 °C) 1.556, density 1.62 g/mL, crystallization point below -35 °C, flash point 225 °C, auto-ignition temperature 410 °C, polyvinyl chloride.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is a mixture of three organophosphate isomers .


In general , Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is colorless and transparent oily liquid .
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) can dissolve in Toluene ,Methylene chloride ,Methyl ethyl ketone ,Methanol ,insoluble in water
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is an important flame retardant plasticizer for vinyl resin and nitrocellulose , used in the paint film can increase the flexibility, it has excellent intermiscibility,


Main production process of Tricresyl phosphate (TCP): Mixed cresol reacts with phosphorus trichloride to produce Tricresyl phosphate (TCP), which then reacts with chlorine to produce tricresyl phosphate dichloride, which is then hydrolyzed to obtain tricresyl phosphate.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) acts as a plasticizer.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is produced from naturally derived cresols.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is a mixture of trimethyl phosphate isomer.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is colorless and odorless oily liquid.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is insoluble in water, and mixable with all the usual organic solvents .
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) can give high polymer good abrasion resistance, weatherability, mildew resistance, radiation resistance and electric properties, and has excellent intermiscibility.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is flame retardants of synthetic rubber, PVC, polyester, polyolefin and soft polyurethane foam plastics .
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is colorless or light yellow transparent oily liquid. Odorless, strong stability, not volatile, with good plasticizing Flame retardant, oil resistance, electrical insulation, easy to process.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is an important plasticizer of vinyl resin and nitrocellulose , used in the paint to increase the flexibility of paint film.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is non-volatile and flame retarded.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is insoluble in water, soluble in benzene, alcohol, ether, vegetable oil, mineral oil and other organic solvents.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is an important oF vinyl resin and nitrocellulose plasticizer, used in the paint Film can increase the Flexibility, it has excellent intermiscibility, synthetic rubber, PVC, polyester, polyoleFin and soFt polyurethane Foam plastics Flame retardants, electronic potting glue can also be used For polyurethane.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) can give high polymer good abrasion resistance, weatherability, mildew resistance, radiation resistance and electric properties.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) adopts the new craFt improvement but becomes, belongs to the environmental protection product, in the production process basically does not have three wastes to produce, and the product low poison.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP), also called tricresylphosphate, tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), tritolyl phosphate, tolyl phosphate, or tri-o-tolyl ester of phosphoric acid, is an organic compound, an organophosphate, an ester of phosphoric acid.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is a colorless or pale yellow viscous virtually nonflammable liquid insoluble in water, with melting point at -40 °C and boiling point at 240-255 °C.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP)'s flash point is above 225 °C.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP)'s chemical formula is C21H21O4P.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is a known neurotoxin.


Liquid Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is irritiating to skin and eyes.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP)'s CAS number is [78-30-8] and its SMILES structure is O=P(Oc2ccccc2C)(Oc3ccccc3C)Oc1ccccc1C.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is a mixture of ortho, meta, and para cresyl isomers.


The mixture has CAS number [1330-78-5], the m- isomer is [563-04-2], the p- isomer is [78-32-0].
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is manufactured by reaction of cresols with phosphorus oxychloride.
In alkaline medium Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) undergoes hydrolysis to cresol and dicresyl phosphate.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP), is a mixture of three isomeric organophosphate compounds most notably used as a flame retardant.
Other uses of Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) include as a plasticizer in manufacturing for lacquers and varnishes and vinyl plastics and as an antiwear additive in lubricants.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is virtually insoluble in water, but easily soluble in organic solvents like toluene, hexane, and diethyl ether among others.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) was synthesized by Alexander Williamson in 1854 upon reacting phosphorus pentachloride with cresol (a mixture of para-, ortho-, and meta- isomers of methylphenol), though today's manufacturers can prepare TCP by mixing cresol with phosphorus oxychloride or phosphoric acid as well.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP), especially the all-ortho isomer, is the causative agent in a number of acute poisonings.
The ortho-isomer is rarely used on Tricresyl phosphate (TCP)'s own outside of laboratory studies that require isomeric purity, due to its extremely toxic nature, and is generally excluded from commercial products where TCP is involved.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is a crystalline solid.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is a mixture of isomeric tritolyl phosphates.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is a colourless, viscous liquid, although commercial samples are typically yellow.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE (TCP):
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is an additive flame retardant plasticizer used in flexible polyurethane foams, whose superiority is demonstrated in excellent hydrolysis stability, good electric insulation performance, superior mildew resistance and abrasion resistance.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) can be recommended as flame retardant for synthetic rubber, PVC, polyester, polyolefin, and plasticizer or flame retardant plasticizer for vinyl resin, nitrocellulose, butyl rubber and chloroprene rubber.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used in the sterilization of certain surgical instruments and in many industrial processes.
Leather cloth (PVC): Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used Upholstery, Book binding, Seat covers
Utility articles: Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used Footwear, Raincoats, Handbags, Fiberglass, cellulose acetate


Extruded articles: Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used Cables (PVC & rubber), hoses, flexible pipe, coal mining, conveyor belts
Coatings: Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used Nitrocellulose lacquers, phenolic resins, lube oils
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used plasticizers for vinyl films in agriculture due to its weather resistance property


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used insulator compounds for electric cables and also in the synthetic rubber compounds.
Lubricant additives have been proven effective as mild extreme pressure addictive for synthetic oil.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used based oil for fire-retardant hydraulic fluid for minimizing fire-risk from heat source or electric sparks.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is useful in the clear and dark coloured flame-retardant sheeting where pigmenting or opecifying flame retardants are undesirable
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used as a plasticizer for PVC processing and as a flame retardant (non-flammable) agent in plastic, rubber and hydraulic systems.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used in high pressure cooling oils additive is used as a soot and lead scavenger in gasoline.
Phosphoric acid esters (organophosphates) are used as flame retardant in industrial applications such as rubber, conveyor belts, plastics, cables, paint, varnish… better flame retardancy, mold resistance, wear It has resistance, low volatility and better electrical properties.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is mainly used as a fire retardant of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, conveyor belt, artificial leather, electrical wire and cable and synthetic resin.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used as an antiwear additive in hydraulic oils.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used in PVC, polyethylene, artificial leather, film, sheet material, plate material, conveying belt, floor material, wire cable, synthetic resin, plastic, rubber and cellulose, to improve the products' processibility, anti-pollution, mildew resistance and abrasion resistance.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) can be used in paints in order to increase the flexibility of paint film.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is mainly used in PVC, PE, conveyor belts, leather, wire and cable, and flame-retardant synthetic resin.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) can also be used in gasoline additive, lubricant additive
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) offers excellent hydrolysis stability, good electric insulation performance, superior mildew resistance and abrasion resistance.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is compatible with synthetic rubber, PVC, polyester, polyolefin, vinyl resin, nitrocellulose, butyl rubber and chloroprene rubber.
The goods is a primarily plasticizer, Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) has the better good flame retardancy, mildew resistance, abrasion resistance, the low volatile and better electrical properties.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is mainly used for the fire retardation of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, conveyer belt, artificial leather, electrical wire and cable and synthetic resin.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) can also be used as a gasoline additive, lubricating oil additive and hydraulic oil.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used in synthetic rubber, PVC, polyester, polyolefin and soft polyurethane foam plastics as flame retardants.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) can give high polymer good abrasion resistance, weatherability, mildew resistance, radiation resistance and electric properties.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) can also be used as a gasoline additive, lubricating oil additive and hydraulic oil


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used as a plasticizer for polystyrene nitrocellulose, plastics, flame retardant for waterproofing, heat exchanger, pressure lubricating oils, additive for hydraulic fluids, colorless, odorless, .
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is mainly used as fire retardant of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, conveyor belt, artificial leather, electrical wire and cable and synthetic resin.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used as an antiwear additive in hydraulic oils.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used as a plasticizer, plastic, rubber for PVC processing, and as a flame retardant (non-flammability) agent in hydraulic systems.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used as an additive in high pressure cooling oils and as a lead scavenger in gasoline.
Phosphoric acid esters (organophosphates) are used as flame retardants in industrial applications—such as rubber, conveyor belts, plastics, cables, paint, varnish…


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is used as a plasticizer in nitrocellulose and acrylate lacquers and varnishes and in polyvinyl chloride, a flame retardant in plastics and rubbers, as a gasoline additive as a lead scavenger for tetra-ethyl lead, in hydraulic fluids, as a heat exchange medium, for waterproofing of materials, as a solvent for extractions, a solvent for nitrocellulose and other polymers, and an intermediate in organic synthesis.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is also used as an AW additive and EP additive in lubricants, and as a hydraulic fluid.
As a gasoline additive, Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) also helps preventing engine misfires.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is mainly used in PVC, PE, conveyor belts, leather, wire and cable, and flame-retardant synthetic resin.


Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) can also be used in gasoline additive, lubricant additive.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) is mainly used in PVC, PE, conveyor belts, leather, wire and cable, and flame-retardant synthetic resin.
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) can also be used in gasoline additive, lubricant additive
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) has better flame retardancy, mildew resistance, abrasion resistance, low volatility and better electrical properties.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE (TCP):
Appearance: Transparent liquid with an aromatic odor; Colorless to slightly light yellow liquid
Flash Point: ≥225°C (open); ≥230°C (open)
Relative Density (20°C): 1.160-1.180 g/cm³; 1.170-1.180 g/cm³
Acid Value (mg KOH/g): ≤0.1; 0.5 max
Free Phenol: ≤0.1%
Chroma (APHA): ≤50; ≤80
Loss on Heat: ≤0.1%
Specific Gravity at 25°C: 1.165-1.175
Refractive Index at 25°C: 1.540-1.560
Phosphorus Content (%): 8.4-8.5%
Molecular Weight: 368.4 g/mol

XLogP3: 5.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 368.11774614 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 368.11774614 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 44.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 26
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 392
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Formula: C21H21O4P
CAS No.: 1330-78-5
EC No.: 215-548-8
HS CODE: 2919900090
Content (%): ≥99
Density (20°C) (g/ml): ≤1.18
P Content (%): ≥8.4
Viscosity (25°C): 50-70 mPa·s; 65-75 mPa·s

Molecular Formula: C21H21O4P
CAS Number: 1330-78-5
Son: 368
Appearance: Clear liquid
Chroma (pt-co): ≤80
Acid Value (mg KOH/g): ≤0.1
Relative Density (g/cm³) after (20°C): 1.170-1.180
Flash Point (°C): ≥230
Free Phenol (%): ≤0.1
Moisture (%): ≤0.1
Viscosity (mPa·s) at 25°C: 50-70
Phosphorus Content (%): 8.4
Heat Reduction (%): ≤0.1



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE (TCP):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE (TCP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE (TCP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE (TCP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE (TCP):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE (TCP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

TRIDECETH-10, N° CAS : 24938-91-8 / 69011-36-5, Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-10, N° EINECS/ELINCS : *607-463-3 / 500-241-6. Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre, Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Trideceth-10; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- ; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (10) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-10 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol ; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 10 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 6-15 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy ; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (10 EO); Polyalkoxylated (10EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates ; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (10 EO); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-10

Tridecanedioic acid is a family of organic compounds with a chemical formula of HOOC(CH2)10COOH.
The esters of Tridecanedioic acid are used as low-temperature plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride.
Moreover, esters of Tridecanedioic acid are used as lubricants which are used at a wide range of temperatures and are extensively utilized to manufacture synthetic musk.

CAS Number: 505-52-2
EC number: 208-011-4
Chemical formula: C₁₃H₂₄O₄
Molar mass: 244.167±0 dalton

Synonyms: TRIDECANEDIOIC ACID, 505-52-2, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, Brassylic acid, Brassilic acid, 1,13-Tridecanedioic acid, UNII-PL3IQ40C34, PL3IQ40C34, CHEBI:73718, Undecane-1,11-dicarboxylic acid, NSC9498, DSSTox_CID_1683, DSSTox_RID_76281, DSSTox_GSID_21683, Brassylate, CAS-505-52-2, tridecanedioate, Brassilate, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylicacid, NSC 9498, EINECS 208-011-4, 1,13-Tridecanedioate, 1,13-Brassylic Acid, AI3-18168, EC 208-011-4, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylate, SCHEMBL20802, Undecane-1,11-dicarboxylate, CHEMBL3187746, DTXSID9021683, 1, 11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, NSC-9498, ZINC1700020, Tox21_201301, Tox21_302982, LMFA01170014, MFCD00002740, s6063, STK033041, AKOS005381208, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, 94%, MCULE-8192564811, NCGC00249020-01, NCGC00249020-02, NCGC00256463-01, NCGC00258853-01, AS-14882, M986, DB-121159, HY-128421, CS-0099256, FT-0606050, T0021, AB01332661-02, 505T522, Q2099072, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, 208-011-4, 505-52-2, Acide tridécanedioïque, Brassylic acid, MFCD00002740, Tridecandisäure, Tridecanedioic acid, Undecane-1,11-dicarboxylic acid, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylate, 1,13-Tridecanedioate, Brassilate, Brassylate, Tridecanedioate, Undecane-1,11-dicarboxylate, 1,11-Undecanedicarboxylicacid, 1 11-undecanedicarboxylic acid, 1, 11-Undecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,11-undecanedicarboxylic acid 98%, 1,11-undecanedicarboxylicacid, 1,13-Tridecanedioic acid, 638-53-9, Brassilic acid, EINECS 208-011-4, QA-7398, STK033041, tridecanedioic acid, ??? 95.0%, Tridecanedioicacid, Tridecanoic acid, undecane-1,11-dicarboxylic acid, 95%

Tridecanedioic acid is a chemical compound used in a wide range of applications through different industries.
Tridecanedioic acid, when found in the form of a flake or white powder, comes from the family of organic compounds called as dibasic acids.

Another name for dibasic acids is long-chain dicarboxylic acids.
The chemical formula of long-chain dicarboxylic acids is HOOC(CH2)11COOH.

Application of Tridecanedioic acids has been recommended by experts in the field of chemistry, for use in hot melt adhesives, high-performance nylon, high-performance polyamides, and many other applications.

Tridecanedioic acid is primarily used for the synthesis of fragrances and is a potential alternative for polycyclic acid as Tridecanedioic acid is an easily degradable chemical compound.
To overcome these challenges, Tridecanedioic acid is used for the synthesis of macrocyclic musk i.e. fragrances.

Tridecanedioic acid comes from the family of long-chain dicarboxylic acids.
Tridecanedioic acid is naturally occurring in animal tissues and plants.

When13 carbon molecules, 24 hydrogen molecules and 4 oxygen molecules come together, they form Tridecanedioic acid.
Tridecanedioic acids chemical formula is C13H24O4.

Tridecanedioic acid like most other Dicarboxyl acids can produce two kinds of salts because Tridecanedioic acid contains two carboxylic groups.
Tridecanedioic acid is a white crystalline substance, slightly soluble in water, and has a melting point of 130 ° C.

Tridecanedioic acid is used in polymers, biological solvents, lubricants, and perfumeries plasticizer production.
Tridecanedioic acid is used to manufacture plastics such as nylon-1313 as an intermediate.

Multi-pound production of nylon-1313 demonstrates that there are no serious obstacles to commercial production of this long-chain polyamide.
The synthesis of nylon-1313 is remarkably simple and straightforward when compared to the reactions required to produce nylon-11 and -12.

In many ways nylon-1313 is comparable to these other nylons, but Tridecanedioic acid is lower melting, slightly less dense, and more hydrophobic than either of Tridecanedioic acids counterparts.
This engineering resin can be produced economically using Tridecanedioic acid derived from crambe or other high-erucic acid oils.

Tridecanedioic acid is a family of organic compounds with a chemical formula of HOOC(CH2)10COOH.

Tridecanedioic acid is a versatile chemical intermediate.
Tridecanedioic acids were first created in the nineteenth century by oxidative ozonolysis of erucic acid.

Tridecanedioic acid is a dibasic acid, which is available in the market in the form of flakes, powder or in diluted form.
Tridecanedioic acid belongs to the family of organic compounds called long-chain dicarboxylic acid.

The esters of Tridecanedioic acid are used as low-temperature plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride.
Moreover, esters of Tridecanedioic acid are used as lubricants which are used at a wide range of temperatures and are extensively utilized to manufacture synthetic musk.
Commercially, Tridecanedioic acid serves as a monomer of dicarboxylic acid for the production of polyamides such as nylon 613 and nylon 1313.

The demand for Tridecanedioic acid is expected to increase over the forecast period, owing to rising applications of Tridecanedioic acid in various end-use industries such as fragrances & perfumes, lubricants, and adhesives coupled with important use in the formation of polyurethanes, alkyd resins, and polyamides.
Moreover, Tridecanedioic acid is used as monomers for certain co-polymers such as nylon 13,13.

Various diesters of Tridecanedioic acid are incorporated into PVC and are used as plasticizers.
These derivatives of Tridecanedioic acid possess property to remain stable at low temperature conditions.

Moreover, nylon that is manufactured with Tridecanedioic acid have low moisture absorption capability, which are suitable for applications that require toughness, retention of strength, abrasion resistance and electrical properties under changing climatic conditions.
Furthermore, the properties of nylon 1313 which is manufactured using Tridecanedioic acid is similar to that of the commercially produced polyamides such as nylon 11, 12, 610, and 612.
These factors are expected to drive demand for Tridecanedioic acid over the forecast period.

Tridecanedioic acid is majorly used in fragrance industry for synthesis of macrocyclic musk, however, other musk compounds such as nitro musk and polycyclic musk compounds are readily available in the market.
Moreover, direct contact with Tridecanedioic acid can cause skin & eye irritation and is expected to cause respiratory problems.
Availability of substitutes and Tridecanedioic acids potential to cause health problems are expected to hamper growth of the market over the forecast period.

Polymeric composition comprising a polyolefin and a diacid-diol aliphatic-aromatic copolyester with aromatic part consisting mainly of terephthalic acid or Tridecanedioic acids derivatives, aliphatic part consisting of azelaic acid, sebacic acid and Tridecanedioic acid and diol c2-c13.
The present invention relates to aliphatic-aromatic polyesters comprising: i) 40 to 60 mol %, based on components i to ii, of one or more dicarboxylic acid derivatives selected from the group consisting of: sebacic acid, azelaic acid and Tridecanedioic acid.

Tridecanedioic acid, when found in the form of a flake or white powder, comes from the family of organic compounds called as dibasic acids.
Another name for dibasic acids is long-chain dicarboxylic acids.

There are almost infinite esters obtained from carboxylic acids.
Esters are formed by removal of water from an acid and an alcohol.
Carboxylic acid esters are used as in a variety of direct and indirect applications.

Lower chain esters are used as flavouring base materials, plasticizers, solvent carriers and coupling agents.
Higher chain compounds are used as components in metalworking fluids, surfactants, lubricants, detergents, oiling agents, emulsifiers, wetting agents textile treatments and emollients.

They are also used as intermediates for the manufacture of a variety of target compounds.
The almost infinite esters provide a wide range of viscosity, specific gravity, vapor pressure, boiling point, and other physical and chemical properties for the proper application selections.

Tridecanedioic acid is mainly used in top-grade essence, perfume and artificial musk-T, packing materials for foodstuff, also is the important materials for nylon 1313, Polycyclic Synthetic Musks, Polyamide Resin, and Hot Melt Adhesive.
In addition, the important characteristics of Tridecanedioic acid like high solubility in water, strength, high resistance, etc. are also expected to boost the market growth by 2030.

Shifting preferences from polycyclic acid to Tridecanedioic acid for perfume manufacturing is the major factor predicted to create abundant growth opportunities for the global Tridecanedioic acid market during the forecast period.
Moreover, Tridecanedioic acid is also used as lubricants and adhesives for machine joints for smooth functioning.

And with the growing expansion of the automobile industry, the global Tridecanedioic acid market is also projected to witness immense growth opportunities by 2030.
Sky-rocketing cost of Tridecanedioic acid is the prime factor anticipated to hinder the market growth.

The growth and development of the perfume and fragrance industry, emerging market of Tridecanedioic acid along with Tridecanedioic acids applications like PVC and plasticizers clubbed with the use of the regenerating feedstocks, is expected to increase market growth in Tridecanedioic acid significantly.
Advanced technical applications of Tridecanedioic acid are expected to create lucrative opportunities in the lubricant industry, adhesive industry, and plastics industry.
That being said, the adverse effects of Tridecanedioic acid and the substitutes available in the market for consumers are likely to hinder the exponential rise of the Tridecanedioic acid market.

The global production of Tridecanedioic acid for perfumes is currently higher than any other acid and is expected to be the same for the coming years.
Nevertheless, other forms of musk compounds are available for use in the market, including nitro musk compounds and polycyclic musk compounds.

Tridecanedioic acid is predicted that this competition will be the central issue that will restrain market growth.
Because of the increased availability of sources of renewable raw materials like vegetable oil, Tridecanedioic acid consumption is the highest in Europe.

According to a report by Research Dive, Europe is currently the highest contributor to cash flow among all the regions studied and is anticipated to keep up Tridecanedioic acids dominance and lead over the projected timeline, accompanied by the Asia Pacific and North America.

Uses of Tridecanedioic acid:
Tridecanedioic acid is used in the production of high-grade flavors, fragrances and artificial musk-T, hot melt adhesives and engineering plastics, high-grade food packaging materials, and the main raw material of high-grade nylon 1313
Material of high-level essence, perfume and synthetic musk T; high grade food packing material; main material of high grade nylon 1313

Tridecanedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with 13 carbon atoms, occurring in plant and animal tissues.
Tridecanedioic acid exhibits typical carboxyl group chemistry useful in a variety of industrial applications.

Dicarboxylic acid can yield two kinds of salts, as they contain two carboxyl groups in Tridecanedioic acids molecules.
Tridecanedioic acid is a white crystalline; melting point at 130 C, slightly soluble in water.

Tridecanedioic acid is used in manufacturing plasticizer for polymers, biodegradable solvents, lubricants and perfumeries.
Tridecanedioic acid is used as an intermediates to produce engineering plastics such as nylon-1313

Dicarboxylic acid is a compound containing two carboxylic acid, -COOH, groups.
Straight chain examples are shown in table.
The general formula is HOOC(CH2)nCOOH, where oxalic acid's n is 0, n=1 for malonic acid, n=2 for succinic acid, n=3 for glutaric acid, and etc.

In substitutive nomenclature, their names are formed by adding -dioic' as a suffix to the name of the parent compound.
They can yield two kinds of salts, as they contain two carboxyl groups in Tridecanedioic acids molecules.
The range of carbon chain lengths is from 2, but the longer than C 24 is very rare.

The term long chain refers to C 12 up to C 24 commonly.
Carboxylic acids have industrial application directly or indirectly through acid halides, esters, salts, and anhydride forms, polymerization, and etc.

Dicarboxylic acids can yield two kinds of salts or esters, as they contain two carboxyl groups in one molecule.
Tridecanedioic acid is useful in a variety of industrial applications include;

Tridecanedioic acid is used in the synthesis of polycyclic synthetic musk, polyamide resins, hot melt adhesive.

Uses include:
Flexibilizer for nylon engineering plastics and fibers,
polyester films and adhesives,
urethane elastomers and elastomeric fibers,
lubricant basestocks and greases,
polyester and polyamide fibers,
wire-coating,
molding resins,
polyamide hot melts

Other Uses:
Plasticizer for polymers
Biodegradable solvents and lubricants
Engineering plastics
Epoxy curing agent
Adhesive and powder coating
Corrosion inhibitor
Perfumery and pharmaceutical
Electrolyte

Applications of Tridecanedioic acid:

Tridecanedioic acid is very useful in a wide variety of industrial applications, some of the uses of Tridecanedioic acid are listed below:
Plasticizer for polymers
Engineering plastics
Adhesive and powder coating
Perfumery and pharmaceutical
Biodegradable solvents and lubricants
Epoxy curing agent
Corrosion inhibitor
Electrolyte

Occurrence of Tridecanedioic acid:
Tridecanedioic acid was first obtained by oxidation of castor oil (ricinoleic acid) with nitric acid.
Tridecanedioic acid is now produced industrially by oxidation of cyclohexanol or cyclohexane, mainly for the production of Nylon 6-6.

Tridecanedioic acid has several other industrial uses in the production of adhesives, plasticizers, gelatinizing agents, hydraulic fluids, lubricants, emollients, polyurethane foams, leather tanning, urethane and also as an acidulant in foods.
Tridecanedioic acid was detected among products of rancid fats.

Tridecanedioic acids origin explains for Tridecanedioic acids presence in poorly preserved samples of linseed oil and in specimens of ointment removed from Egyptian tombs 5000 years old.
Tridecanedioic acid displays bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties against a variety of aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms present on acne-bearing skin.

Tridecanedioic acid is produced industrially by alkali fission of castor oil.
Sebacic acid and Tridecanedioic acids derivatives have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, diffusion pump oils, cosmetics, candles, etc.

Tridecanedioic acid is also used in the synthesis of polyamide, as nylon, and of alkyd resins.
Tridecanedioic acid can be produced from erucic acid by ozonolysis, but also by microorganisms (Candida sp.) from tridecane.

Tridecanedioic acid is now produced by fermentation of long-chain alkanes with a specific strain of Candida tropicalis.
Tridecanedioic acid was shown that hyperthermophilic microorganisms specifically contained a large variety of dicarboxylic acids.

Tridecanedioic acid was discovered that these compounds appeared in urine after administration of tricaprin and triundecylin.
Although the significance of their biosynthesis remains poorly understood, Tridecanedioic acid was demonstrated that ω-oxidation occurs in rat liver but at a low rate, needs oxygen, NADPH and cytochrome P450.
Tridecanedioic acid was later shown that this reaction is more important in starving or diabetic animals where 15% of palmitic acid is subjected to ω-oxidation and then tob-oxidation, this generates malonyl-coA which is further used in saturated fatty acid synthesis.

Copolyamides derived from Tridecanedioic acid:
Polyamides were prepared from C6 to C12 diamines with Tridecanedioic acid, a linear C13 dicarboxylic acid, derived from Crambe seed oil.
One distinct characteristic of these polymers is their low moisture adsorption as compared to nylon 66 and nylon 6.

To modify the properties of these nylons, multi-component copolyamides were prepared from hexamethylene diamine and mixtures of Tridecanedioic acid with adipic, terephthalic, or isophthalic acids.
Tridecanedioic acid was found that the melting points of the co-polyamides were changed by the choice and the levels of the diacids used.

The melting point-composition curves all show a eutectic minimum.
They will be commercially viable when Tridecanedioic acid becomes available on a large scale and is competitively priced.

Tridecanedioic acid, a dicarboxylic acid with the molecular formula - HOOC(CH2)11COOH - is a fatty acid which can be technically extracted from erucic acid together with pelargonic acid.
The compounds of the Tridecanedioic acids are used in the food and cosmetic industry.

This refers e.g. to ethylene brassylate, an ethylene glycol diester of brassy acid.
The dimethyl ester of brassyl acid(dimethyl brassylate) is used in cosmetic formulations as skin care products and emollients.

Tridecanedioic acid is detected as an excessive fatty acid in addition to phytic acid (Zellweger syndrome) and cerotic acid (adrenoleukodystrophy) as pathological excretion products in the urine of children with congenital adrenoleukodystrophy or Zellweger syndrome.

Estimation of Tridecanedioic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry:
The main focus of this work is to estimate Tridecanedioic acid (BA) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Tridecanedioic acid is a product obtained from the oxidative cleavage of Erucic Acid (EA).
Tridecanedioic acid has various applications for making nylons and high performance polymers.

Tridecanedioic acid is a 13 carbon compound with two carboxylic acid functional groups at the terminal end.
Tridecanedioic acid has a long hydrocarbon chain that makes the molecule less sensitive to some of the characterization techniques.

Tridecanedioic acid is chemical formed from processing erucic oils.
Chemical processing method is often used because of Tridecanedioic acids low cost and easy to follow for the production of Tridecanedioic acid.

The increase in the use of Tridecanedioic acid in the manufacture of perfumes, combined with an rise in the use of renewable sources, such as low-priced and readily available vegetable oil, is expected to drive the growth of the Tridecanedioic acid industry.
The rise the use of Tridecanedioic acid in the manufacture of perfumes is related to Tridecanedioic acids desirable attributes, including such diffusivity, and beneficial content, thus driving market growth.

However, the negative impacts of Tridecanedioic acid and the accessibility of alternatives are anticipated to hamper the growth of the global market for Tridecanedioic acid.
Based on product type, the market for global Tridecanedioic acid is further segmented into paraffin oil and vegetable oil.

Based on process, the market for global Tridecanedioic acid is further segmented into chemical, and fermentation.
Based on application, the market for global Tridecanedioic acid is further segmented fragrances, adhesives, plastics, lubricants, and other.

In terms of Geography, the global Tridecanedioic acid market has been segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa.
The Asia-Pacific region dominates the global market for Tridecanedioic acid.
As a result of rapid urbanization and an increase in disposable income along with change in people's lifestyle, the use of Tridecanedioic acid in industrial businesses, such as perfume production, has increased.

North America has a large market share.
Tridecanedioic acid holds one of the world 's strong pharma bases.

Improved investment in the phrmaceutical industry and growing people's spending power have contributed to a boom in the North American market for Tridecanedioic acid.
Countries such as France, Italy and Spain are the center of the fragrance industry and have the best perfumes produced in the world.

Such a strong manufacturing base and sustainability in Europe has caused a spike in the demand for perfumes due to the evolving lifestyle of the peiople and has caused an increase in the market for Tridecanedioic acid.
The Middle East and Africa are expected to face substantial growth.

Due to the fact that the processing of Tridecanedioic acid is less tedious compared to fermentation, many producers in the region have experienced an increase in market growth.
Latin America is experiencing relatively slow growth due to the limited number of manufacturers and the availability of substitutes.

Manufacturing Methods of Tridecanedioic acid:
The U.S. Emery Company used special rapeseed oil to extract erucic acid, which was then decomposed by ozone oxidation.
Japanese mining companies use self-produced straight-chain alkanes as raw materials for fermentation production.
In addition, in addition to linear alkanes, the raw materials can also be synthesized from linear alkenes, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, hexadecanoates and the like.

Handling and Storage of Tridecanedioic acid:

Storage:
Keep container closed when not in use.
Store in a tightly closed container.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

Store the container tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place.
Store apart from foodstuff containers or incompatible materials.

Suggested storage:
Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompat.

Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

Minimize dust generation and accumulation.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.

Keep container tightly closed.
Avoid ingestion and inhalation.

Use with adequate ventilation.
Handling in a well ventilated place.

Wear suitable protective clothing.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

Avoid formation of dust and aerosols.
Use non-sparking tools.
Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.

First Aid Measures of Tridecanedioic acid:

Ingestion:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Get medical aid.

Do NOT induce vomiting.
If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water.

Inhalation:
Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

Get medical aid.
DO NOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration.
If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask.

Skin:
Get medical aid.
Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash clothing before reuse.

Eyes:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids.
Get medical aid.

Fire Fighting Measures of Tridecanedioic acid:
Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear.
During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion.

Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
To extinguish fire, use water, dry chemical, chemical foam, or alcohol-resistant foam.
Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire.

Identifiers of Tridecanedioic acid:
InChI: InChI=1S/C13H24O4/c14-12(15)10-8-6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9-11-13(16)17/h1-11H2,(H,14,15)(H,16,17)
InChIKey
DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 505-52-2
Reaxys registry number: 1786404
ChEBI ID: 73718
mapping relation type: exact match
ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL3187746
SPLASH: splash10-0089-4980000000-e0f9e32666a9f5b5a8fa
splash10-0006-0090000000-38331eb24eac374bd304
ZVG number: 104435
DSSTox substance ID: DTXSID9021683
DSSTOX compound identifier: DTXCID901683
NSC number: 9498
EC number: 208-011-4
UNII: PL3IQ40C34
LIPID MAPS ID: LMFA01170014

instance of: chemical compound
dicarboxylic acid
fatty acid
chemical structure
mass: 244.167±0 dalton
chemical formula: C₁₃H₂₄O₄
canonical SMILES: C(CCCCCC(=O)O)CCCCCC(=O)O
found in taxon: Trypanosoma brucei

Properties of Tridecanedioic acid:
PSA:74.6
XLogP3:3.7
Appearance:Solid
Density:1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Melting Point:111 °C
Boiling Point:215-217 °C @ Press: 2 Torr
Flash Point:223.5±17.7 °C
Refractive Index:1.475
Water Solubility:H2O: Insoluble
Storage Conditions:Store below +30°C.

Chemical and Physical Properties of Tridecanedioic acid:
Molecular Weight: 244.33
XLogP3: 3.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 12
Exact Mass: 244.16745924
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.16745924
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Complexity: 192
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Tridecanedioic acid:
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 244.33
EINECS: 208-011-4
SMILES: C(CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O)(O)=O

INCHI: 1S/C13H24O4/c14-12(15)10-8-6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9-11-13(16)17/h1-11H2,(H,14,15)(H,16,17)
INCHIKEY: DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
WATER SOLUBILITY: 1500 mg/L
MELTING POINT: 111 ° C
ATMOSPHERIC OH RATE CONSTANT: 1.55E-11 cm3/molecule-sec
LOG P (OCTANOL-WATER): 3.670
MELTING POINT: 112-114 °C
WATER SOLUBILITY: Insoluble

Keywords of Tridecanedioic acid:
Carbon Compounds
Carboxylic Acids
Chains
Cleavage
Functionals
Hydrocarbons
Nonanoic Acid
Performance
Polymers
Spectroscopy
Synthesis

Related Products of Tridecanedioic acid:
Diethyl (Acetylamino)(2-phenylethyl)malonate
4'-Deoxy Vincristine Sulfate (>75%)
1-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2(1H)-isoquinolinepropanoic Acid
1-(((2,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)methyl)cyclopropane-1-carbaldehyde
1-(((4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)oxy)methyl)cyclopropane-1-carbaldehyde

MeSH of Tridecanedioic:
Brassylic acid
Undecanedicarboxylic acid
tridecanedioic acid
tridecanedioic acid, disodium salt
tridecanedioic acid, monosodium salt

TRIDECETH-10 PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 9046-01-9 (Generic) / 73070-47-0 (Generic), Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-10 PHOSPHATE. Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : PHOSPHORIC ACID, (ETHOXYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL) ESTERS POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-TRIDECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY-, PHOSPHATE POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLTRIDECYL ETHER PHOSPHATE TRIDECYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED AND PHOSPHATED

TRIDECETH-12, N° CAS : 24938-91-8 / 69011-36-5, Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-12, N° EINECS/ELINCS : *607-463-3 / 500-241-6, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Trideceth-12; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- ; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (12) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-12 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol ; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 12 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 6-15 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy ; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (12 EO); Polyalkoxylated (12 EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates ; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (12 EO); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-12

TRIDECETH-15, N° CAS : 24938-91-8 (Generic), Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-15, Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français :Trideceth-15; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (15) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-10 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 15 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 6-15 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (15 EO); Polyalkoxylated (15 EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (15); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-15

TRIDECETH-2, N° CAS : 24938-91-8 / 69011-36-5, Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-2, N° EINECS/ELINCS : *607-463-3 / 500-241-6. Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Noms français : Trideceth-10; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- ; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (2) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-2 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol ; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 2 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 6-15 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy ; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (2 EO); Polyalkoxylated (2EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates ; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (2 EO); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-2

TRIDECETH-20, N° CAS : 24938-91-8 (Generic), Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-20, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre, Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Noms français : Trideceth-20; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- ; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (20) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-20 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol ; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 20 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 20 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy ; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (20 EO); Polyalkoxylated (20EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates ; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (20 EO); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-20

TRIDECETH-3, N° CAS : 4403-12-7 / 24938-91-8 / 69011-36-5, Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-3, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 224-540-3 / *607-463-3 / 500-241-6, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Trideceth-3; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- ; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (3) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-3 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol ; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 3 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 6-15 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy ; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (3 EO); Polyalkoxylated (3EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates ; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (3 EO); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-3

TRIDECETH-4, N° CAS : 24938-91-8 / 69011-36-5, Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-4, N° EINECS/ELINCS : *607-463-3 / 500-241-6, Classification : Composé éthoxylé : Ses fonctions (INCI); Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français :Trideceth-4; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (4) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-4 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 4 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 6-15 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (4 EO); Polyalkoxylated (4 EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (4 EO); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-4

TRIDECETH-5, N° CAS : 24938-91-8 / 69011-36-5, Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-5, N° EINECS/ELINCS : *607-463-3 / 500-241-6, Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Trideceth-5; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- ; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (5) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-5 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol ; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 5 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 6-15 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy ; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (5 EO); Polyalkoxylated (5 EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates ; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (5 EO); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-5

TRIDECETH-50, N° CAS : 24938-91-8 (Generic), Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-50, Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre: Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Trideceth-50; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- ; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (50) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-10 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol ; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 50 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 50 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy ; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (50 EO); Polyalkoxylated ( 50 EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates ; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (50 EO); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-50

TRIDECETH-6, N° CAS : 24938-91-8 / 69011-36-5, Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-6, N° EINECS/ELINCS : *607-463-3 / 500-241-6, Classification : Composé éthoxylé; Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Trideceth-6; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- ; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (6) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-6 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol ; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 6 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 6-15 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy ; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (6 EO); Polyalkoxylated (6 EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates ; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (6 EO); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-6

PEG-6 Tridecyl ether phosphate; TRIDECETH-6 PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 9046-01-9 (Generic) / 73070-47-0 (Generic), Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-6 PHOSPHATE. Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : PHOSPHORIC ACID, (ETHOXYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL) ESTERS ; POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-TRIDECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY-, PHOSPHATE; POLYETHYLENEGLYCOLTRIDECYL ETHER PHOSPHATE; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED AND PHOSPHATED; 2-(tricylcoxy) ethyl dihydrogen phosphate; PEG-10 Tridecyl ether phosphate; PEG-3 Tridecyl ether phosphate; PEG-6 Tridecyl ether phosphate; Phosphoric acid, (ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol) esters; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-, phosphate; Polyethylene glycol (3) tridecyl ether phosphate; Polyethylene glycol 300 tridecyl ether phosphate; Polyethylene glycol 500 tridecyl ether phosphate; Polyethylene glycol tridecyl ether phosphate; polyethyleneglycol tridecyl ether phosphate; Polyoxyethylene (10) tridecyl ether phosphate; Polyoxyethylene (3) tridecyl ether phosphate; Polyoxyethylene (6) tridecyl ether phosphate; Trideceth-10 phosphate ; Trideceth-3 phosphate; Trideceth-6 phosphate. IUPAC names: 2-(tridecyloxy)ethyl dihydrogen phosphate; 2-Tridecoxyethyl dihydrogen phosphate; alcohol C10-16 ethoxy phosphate ; alkyl alkoxy phosphate; diethyl glycol tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate phosphate ester; Organic phosphate ester, free acid; Phosphoric acid ester with tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated~ poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-, fosfát Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanedicyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-, phosphate Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate (3-20 EO) Poly(oxy-1.2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate Polyoxyethylene Tridecyl Ether Phosphate TRIDECYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED, PHOSPHATED Trade names RHODAFAC RS-610 names Tridecylethoxylatphosphat

TRIDECETH-7, N° CAS : 24938-91-8 / 69011-36-5. Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-7. N° EINECS/ELINCS : *607-463-3 / 500-241-6. Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Trideceth-7; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- ; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (7) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-7 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol ; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 7 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 6-15 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy ; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (7 EO); Polyalkoxylated (7 EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates ; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (7 EO); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-7

TRIDECETH-7 CARBOXYLIC ACID, N° CAS : 68412-55-5, Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-7 CARBOXYLIC ACID, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI).Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Agent moussant : Capture des petites bulles d'air ou d'autres gaz dans un petit volume de liquide en modifiant la tension superficielle du liquide, Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

TRIDECETH-8, N° CAS : 24938-91-8 / 69011-36-5, Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-8, N° EINECS/ELINCS : *607-463-3 / 500-241-6, Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Trideceth-8; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- ; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (8) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-8 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol ; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 8 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 6-15 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy ; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (8 EO); Polyalkoxylated (8 EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates ; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (8 EO); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-8

TRIDECETH-8 CARBOXYLIC ACID, Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-8 CARBOXYLIC ACID, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre, Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

TRIDECETH-9, N° CAS : 24938-91-8 / 69011-36-5., Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : TRIDECETH-9, N° EINECS/ELINCS : *607-463-3 / 500-241-6, Classification : Composé éthoxylé; Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Trideceth-9; Tridécyléther de polyéthylèneglycol. Noms anglais : Ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; Glycols, polyethylene, monotridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- ; Poly(oxyethylene) monotridecyl ether; Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyoxiethylene (9) alkyl (10) ether.; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether; Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques, polymère. PEG-9 Tridecyl ether; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy-. IUPAC names: 1-Tridecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol ; 2-tridecoxyethanol; Ethoxylated Alcohol; fatty alcohol ethoxylate C10, 9 EO; Poly(ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether ( 6-15 EO ); poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy ; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),a-tridecyl-w-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy- (9 EO); Polyalkoxylated (9 EO) isotridecanol; Polyethylene glcol monotridecylether; POLYOXYETHYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL; POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate; tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATED (CAS # 24938-91-8); Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates ; Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylates (9 EO); Tridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated (Polymer); tridecylalcohol ethoxylate; α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy poly(oxyethylene); α-Tridecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tridecyl-.omega. Polyethylene glycol monotridecyl ether; Polyethyleneglycol monotridecyl ether; Trideceth-9

Alcool tridécylique; n-Tridécanol; Tridécanol normal. Noms anglais : 1-Tridécanol; n-Tridecyl alcohol; TRIDECYL ALCOHOL, N° CAS : 112-70-9, Nom INCI : TRIDECYL ALCOHOL, Nom chimique : Tridecan-1-ol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-998-8, Classification : Alcool, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent de restauration lipidique : Restaure les lipides des cheveux ou des couches supérieures de la peau, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Principaux synonymes: Noms français : Alcool tridécylique; n-Tridécanol; Tridécanol normal. Noms anglais : 1-Tridécanol; n-Tridecyl alcohol. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de produits organiques, agent antimoine

TRIDECYL COCOATE, Nom INCI : TRIDECYL COCOATE, Ses fonctions (INCI), Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

2,2,2-Trihydroxytriethylamine; TEA; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol; Triethanolamin; Tris(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine; Trolamine; Daltogen; Nitrilotriethanol; Sterolamide; Tri(hydroxyethyl)amine; Triethanolamin; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotris(ethanol); Nitrilo-2,2',2"-triethanol; 2,2,2-Nitrilotriethanol; 2,2',2"-Nitrilotriethanol; Nitrilo-2,2',2''-triethanol; 2,2',2''-trihydroxy Triethylamine; Triethylolamine; Trihydroxytriethylamine; Tris(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine cas no: 102-71-6

Tridecyl stearate contains tridecyl alcohol (1-tridecanol) as alcoholic component.
Tridecyl stearate is a clear light yellow liquid.


CAS Number: 31556-45-3
EC Number: 250-696-7
Chem/IUPAC Name: Tridecyl stearate
Molecular Formula: C31H62O2



TRIDECYL STEARATE, 31556-45-3, tridecyl octadecanoate, Cirrasol LN-GS, Tridecanol stearate, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, 120525-96-4, A8OE252M6L, NSC-152080, UNII-A8OE252M6L, EINECS 250-696-7, NSC 152080, LIPONATE TDS, ETHOX TDS, UNIFLEX 188, KEMESTER 5721, SCHEMBL153240, 1-TRIDECANOL, STEARATE, DTXSID2027967, TRIDECYL STEARATE [INCI], NSC152080, AS-78012, D93439, Q27273780, tridecyl stearate, Cirrasol ln-gs, Nsc152080, Tridecanol stearate, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, STEARICACID,TRIDECYLESTER, Tridecyl stearate ISO 9001 2015 REACH, TRIDECYL STEARATE [INCI], UNIFLEX 188, OCTADECANOIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, STEARIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, TRIDECANOL STEARATE, TRIDECYL STEARATE, 1-TRIDECANOL, STEARATE, CIRRASOL LN-GS, ETHOX TDS, KEMESTER 5721, LIPONATE TDS, NSC-152080, 31556-45-3, 250-696-7, 1-TRIDECANOL, STEARATE, CIRRASOL LN-GS, ETHOX TDS, KEMESTER 5721, LIPONATE TDS, NSC-152080, OCTADECANOIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, STEARIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, TRIDECANOL STEARATE, TRIDECYL STEARATE [INCI], UNIFLEX 188, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, 1-Tridecanol, stearate, Tridecanol stearate, Tridecyl stearate, Cirrasol LN-GS, Uniflex 188, Kemester 5721, NSC 152080, Liponate TDS, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, 1-Tridecanol, stearate, Tridecanol stearate, Tridecyl stearate, Cirrasol LN-GS, Uniflex 188, Kemester 5721, NSC 152080, Liponate TDS, 1-Tridecanol, stearate, Cirrasol ln-gs, Kemester 5721, Liponate TDS, NSC 152080, Nsc152080, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, STEARICACID,TRIDECYLESTER, Tridecanol stearate, Uniflex 188, tridecyl stearate, Octadecansaeure-tridecylester, STEARICACID,TRIDECYLESTER, Stearinsaeure-n-tridecylester, Cirrasol ln-gs, Tridecanol stearate, Stearinsaeuretridecylester, Octadecanoic acid,tridecyl ester, Tridecyl Stearate, Tridecanol stearate, Stearic Acid, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester,



Tridecyl stearate is a compound formed from decyl alcohol, glycerol, and stearic acid.
Stearic acid is one of the most abundantly found fatty acids in nature, and it is obtained from palm kernel oil, soy oil, and other vegetable oils.
Tridecyl stearate appears as a transparent, colorless oily liquid.


Tridecyl stearate is the ester of tridecyl alcohol and stearic acid.
Tridecyl stearate is a fast-absorbing emollient that leaves no shine.
Tridecyl stearate has a dry, non-greasy feel on application with an elegant, velvety after-feel.


Tridecyl stearate has a required HLB of about 6-9.
Tridecyl stearate is a clear, colorless oily liquid that works as a medium feel emollient.
Tridecyl stearate absorbs very quickly into the skin, leaves no shine and gives a nice, velvety after-feel.


Keep Tridecyl stearate containers tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated place.
Stearates are salts or esters of stearic acid (octadecanoic acid).
Tridecyl stearate belongs to the following substance groups.


Tridecyl stearate acts as an emollient for creams & lotions.
Tridecyl stearate is a biodegradable replacement for mineral oils.
Tridecyl stearate is a compound of Decyl Alcohol, Stearic Acid, and Glycerol, used in cosmetics as a skin conditioner and emollient.


Tridecyl stearate is a skin-conditioning agent and an emollient.
Tridecyl stearate acts as an emollient for creams & lotions.
Tridecyl stearate is a biodegradable replacement for mineral oils.


Tridecyl stearate is an ester of stearic acid (*) and tridecyl alcohol, and is represented by the following chemical formula.
Tridecyl stearate is the ester of tridecyl alcohol and stearic acid.
Tridecyl stearate is a fast-absorbing emollient that leaves no shine.


Tridecyl stearate has a dry, non-greasy feel on application with an elegant, velvety after-feel.
Tridecyl stearate has a required HLB of about 6-9.
Tridecyl stearate contains tridecyl alcohol (1-tridecanol) as alcoholic component.
Tridecyl stearate is a clear light yellow liquid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate is a medium feel emollient with quick absorption and produces a velvety after-feel.
Tridecyl stearate is a synthetic ester that is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as an emollient and lubricant.
Tridecyl stearate is a clear, colorless liquid that is soluble in oils and organic solvents.


Tridecyl stearate is also used in the production of plastics, resins, and lubricants.
Tridecyl stearate is used ingredients for skincare.
Tridecyl stearate is used in the formulation of creams, lotions, gels, sunscreens, and other skin and hair care products.


Tridecyl stearate is used lubricants and lubricant additives
Tridecyl stearate is used for Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere.


-Skin-conditioning agent:
*Forms a thin film on the skin's surface.
*Acts as a barrier and protects the skin from allergies, bacteria, and irritants that pass into deeper layers of the skin.
*Helps the skin retain the necessary moisture for its use.
*Hydrated skin is less likely to be affected by skin conditions like acne, eczema, dryness, and itchiness.


-Emollient and Moisturizing properties:
*Fills the gaps among the dead cells.
*Reinforces the lipid barrier.
*Aids in the skin's natural capacity to retain moisture.
*Well-nourished and hydrated skin looks and feels smooth and plump.



FUNCTION OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
*Tridecyl stearate is a skin-conditioning agent and an emollient used in cosmetic and personal care products.
*Emollient:
Tridecyl stearate softens and softens the skin
*Skin care agent:
Tridecyl stearate maintains skin in good condition
*Emollient :
Softens and smoothes the skin
*Skin conditioning :
Maintains skin in good condition



FUNCTIONS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SKIN CONDITIONING:
Maintains the skin in good condition
*SKIN CONDITIONING - EMOLLIENT:
Softens and smoothens the skin



WHAT DOES TRIDECYL STEARATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emollient
*Skin conditioning



USE AND BENEFITS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Emollient properties:
*Useful as a medium.
*Penetrates swiftly into the skin.
*Leaves little shine behind.
*Leaves a pleasant, velvety aftertaste.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
CAS Number: 31556-45-3
Chem/IUPAC Name: Tridecyl stearate
EINECS/ELINCS No: 250-696-7
Molecular Weight: 466.8 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 14.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 29
Exact Mass: 466.47498122 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 466.47498122 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 33
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 366

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling point: 496.0±13.0 °C(Predicted)
density: 0.858±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
LogP: 14.541 (est)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tridecyl stearate (31556-45-3)
IUPAC Name: Tridecyl octadecanoate
Molecular Weight: 466.82
Molecular Formula: C31H62O2
Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC

InChI: GKAVWWCJCPVMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI Key: InChI=1S/C31H62O2/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-16-17-18-19-21-23-25-27-29-31(32)33-30-28-26-24-22-20-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-30H2,1-2H3
Boiling Point: 496.0±13.0 °C
Density: 0.858±0.06g/ml
Physical State: Solid
Molecular Weight： 466.82
Exact Mass： 466.82
EC Number： 250-696-7
UNII： A8OE252M6L
NSC Number： 152080
DSSTox ID： DTXSID2027967
PSA： 26.3 Ų
Density： 0.858±0.06 g/cm3
Boiling Point： 496.0±13.0 °C(Predicted)



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Face shield and safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Sensitive to carbon dioxide Handle and store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Tridecyl stearate is a clear, colorless oily liquid that works as a medium feel emollient.
Tridecyl stearate absorbs very quickly into the skin, leaves no shine and gives a nice, velvety after-feel.


CAS Number: 31556-45-3
EC Number: 250-696-7
Chem/IUPAC Name: Tridecyl stearate
Molecular Formula: C31H62O2



SYNONYMS:
Nsc152080, Cirrasol ln-gs, tridecyl stearate, Tridecanol stearate, STEARICACID,TRIDECYLESTER, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Tridecyl stearate ISO 9001：2015, OCTADECANOIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, STEARIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, TRIDECYL STEARATE, TRIDECYL STEARATE, TRIDECYL ESTER OCTADECANOIC ACID, TRIDECYL STEARATE, Nsc152080, Cirrasol ln-gs, tridecyl stearate, Tridecanol stearate, STEARICACID,TRIDECYLESTER, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Tridecyl stearate ISO 9001：2015 REACH, Octadecanoic acid,tridecyl ester, Stearic acid,tridecyl ester, 1-Tridecanol,stearate, Tridecanol stearate, Tridecyl stearate, Cirrasol LN-GS, Uniflex 188, Kemester 5721, NSC 152080, Liponate TDS, Tridecyl Stearate, 31556-45-3, tridecyl octadecanoate, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Cirrasol LN-GS, Tridecanol stearate, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, 120525-96-4, A8OE252M6L, NSC-152080, UNII-A8OE252M6L, EINECS 250-696-7, NSC 152080, LIPONATE TDS, ETHOX TDS, UNIFLEX 188, KEMESTER 5721, SCHEMBL153240, 1-TRIDECANOL, STEARATE, DTXSID2027967, GKAVWWCJCPVMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N, NSC152080, AS-78012, NS00014167, D93439, Q27273780, 1-TRIDECANOL, STEARATE, CIRRASOL LN-GS, ETHOX TDS, KEMESTER 5721, LIPONATE TDS, NSC-152080, OCTADECANOIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, STEARIC ACID, TRIDECYL ESTER, TRIDECANOL STEARATE, TRIDECYL STEARATE, UNIFLEX 188, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, Stearic acid, tridecyl ester, 1-Tridecanol, stearate, Tridecanol stearate, Tridecyl stearate, Cirrasol LN-GS, Uniflex 188, Kemester 5721, NSC 152080, Liponate TDS



Tridecyl stearate is an ester of Tridecyl Alcohol (q.v.) and stearic acid.
Tridecyl Stearate is a synthetic wax ester derived from tridecyl alcohol and stearic acid.
Tridecyl stearate is a white solid with a greasy feel.


Tridecyl stearate is a skin-conditioning agent and an emollient.
Tridecyl stearate is the ester of tridecyl alcohol and stearic acid.
Tridecyl stearate is a fast-absorbing emollient that leaves no shine.


Tridecyl stearate has a dry, non-greasy feel on application with an elegant, velvety after-feel.
Tridecyl stearate has a required HLB of about 6-9.
Tridecyl stearate is the ester obtained from the reaction of tridecyl alcohol combined with stearic acid.


Tridecyl stearate’s used in cosmetics as a texture-enhancer/thickening agent and emollient and may be animal-derived or synthetic.
In raw material form, tridecyl stearate is described as a clear oily liquid that may have a light-yellow hue.
Suppliers of this ingredient tout its quick absorbance and velvety after feel.


Tridecyl stearate is a clear, colorless oily liquid that works as a medium feel emollient.
Tridecyl stearate absorbs very quickly into the skin, leaves no shine and gives a nice, velvety after-feel.
Tridecyl stearate is described as a clear oily liquid in raw material form


Tridecyl stearate contains tridecyl alcohol (1-tridecanol) as alcoholic component.
Stearates are salts or esters of stearic acid (octadecanoic acid).
Tridecyl stearate is a chemical compound that belongs to the ester family.


Tridecyl stearate is a colorless, odorless, and oily liquid that is insoluble in water.
Tridecyl stearate is the ester obtained from the reaction of tridecyl alcohol combined with stearic acid .
Tridecyl stearate may be animal-derived or synthetic .


In raw material form, tridecyl stearate is described as a clear oily liquid that may have a light-yellow hue .
Tridecyl stearate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as wax monoesters.
These are waxes bearing an ester group at exactly one position.


Tridecyl stearate is a synthetic ester that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products.
Tridecyl stearate is a clear, colorless liquid that is odorless and has a low viscosity.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Pigment Dispersion uses of Tridecyl stearate: Research indicates that tridecyl stearate, when combined with other esters, can create compositions capable of dispersing high pigment loads, leading to improved flowability in cosmetic formulations.
Metal Alkoxide Synergist uses of Tridecyl stearate: Studies show that tridecyl stearate can synergistically enhance the thermal stability of PVC when used in combination with specific metal alkoxides.


Corrosion Inhibition uses of Tridecyl stearate: Research suggests that butyl stearate, a related compound, can enhance the corrosion resistance of steel rebar in concrete, highlighting the potential of stearate esters in corrosion prevention.
Tridecyl stearate is commonly used in various industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and plastics.


Tridecyl stearate’s used in cosmetics as a texture-enhancer/thickening agent and emollient .
Tridecyl stearate is used as lubricant.
Tridecyl stearate is used as dispersing agent, emulsion stabilizer.


Tridecyl stearate is a compound of Decyl Alcohol, Stearic Acid, and Glycerol, used in cosmetics as a skin conditioner and emollient.
Tridecyl Stearate is widely used in a variety of cosmetic and personal care products, including: Skin creams and lotions, Body washes and soaps, Shampoos and conditioners, Makeup foundations and concealers, Lipsticks and lip balms, Sunscreen lotions, and Hair styling products.
Tridecyl stearate is often used as a moisturizer, emollient, and lubricant due to its ability to penetrate the skin and provide a smooth, silky feel.


-Lubricant uses of Tridecyl stearate:
Tridecyl stearate finds use as a lubricant in various applications due to its low volatility and good thermal stability.
Tridecyl stearate is often incorporated into polymers to improve their processability and reduce friction during molding or extrusion processes.


-Plasticizer uses of Tridecyl stearate:
In polymer chemistry, tridecyl stearate acts as a plasticizer, enhancing the flexibility and workability of polymers like poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC).
Tridecyl stearate's incorporation into the polymer matrix reduces intermolecular forces between polymer chains, leading to improved flexibility and a lower glass transition temperature.


-Cosmetics uses of Tridecyl stearate:
Tridecyl stearate is employed as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetic formulations.
Tridecyl stearateimparts a smooth and silky feel to the skin and helps to stabilize emulsions, preventing separation of the oil and water phases.


-Potential for New Applications:
Ongoing research may explore new applications for Tridecyl stearate beyond traditional cosmetic uses .
Tridecyl stearate could include innovations in formulations or expanded applications in different types of skincare products


-Scientific Research Applications of Tridecyl stearate:
*Cosmetics and Personal Care Products:
Tridecyl stearate is widely used in the cosmetics industry due to its emollient properties .

Tridecyl stearate helps soften and smooth the skin and prevent moisture loss .
Tridecyl stearate also contributes to a product’s stability and may help other ingredients resist oxidation.


-Scientific Research Applications
Tridecyl stearate has been extensively studied for its use in cosmetics and personal care products.
Tridecyl stearate has been shown to improve skin hydration and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Tridecyl stearate is also used in hair care products to improve the texture and manageability of hair.
Additionally, tridecyl stearate has been studied for its potential use in drug delivery systems due to its ability to penetrate the skin.



FUNCTIONS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
*Emollient :
Tridecyl stearate softens and smoothes the skin
*Skin conditioning :
Tridecyl stearate maintains skin in good condition



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
*Fatty alcohol esters
*Carboxylic acid esters
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
*Wax monoester skeleton
*Fatty alcohol ester
*Carboxylic acid ester
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate works by forming a barrier on the skin that prevents moisture loss and protects the skin from environmental factors.
Tridecyl stearate also helps to improve the texture and feel of the skin and hair by providing lubrication and emolliency.



BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate has been shown to be non-toxic and non-irritating to the skin and eyes.
Tridecyl stearate has a low potential for skin sensitization and is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products.
Tridecyl stearate has also been shown to improve skin hydration and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.



TRIDECYL STEARATE AT A GLANCE:
*The ester obtained from the reaction of tridecyl alcohol combined with stearic acid
*Works as a texture-enhancer/thickening agent and skin-softening emollient
*Touted for its quick absorption and velvety after feel
*Described as a clear oily liquid in raw material form



PROPERTIES OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
*Emollient:
Tridecyl stearate forms a protective layer on the skin, preventing moisture loss and improving skin softness and smoothness.

*Skin conditioner:
Tridecyl stearate helps to maintain skin elasticity and protect against dryness and irritation.

*Thickener and stabilizer:
Tridecyl stearate acts as a thickening and stabilizing agent in cosmetics and personal care products.

*Lubricant:
Tridecyl stearate provides lubrication and slip to cosmetic formulas.

*Emulsifier:
Tridecyl stearate can help to form emulsions, which are mixtures of oil and water.



FUNCTIONS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
*Emollient:
Tridecyl stearate softens and softens the skin
*Skin care agent:
Tridecyl stearate maintains skin in good condition



FUNCTIONS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SKIN CONDITIONING
Tridecyl stearate maintains the skin in good condition

*SKIN CONDITIONING - EMOLLIENT
Tridecyl stearate softens and smoothens the skin



SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate is synthesized from the reaction of tridecyl alcohol with stearic acid .
The exact process of synthesis is not detailed in the search results.



MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate has a molecular formula of C31H62O2 .
Tridecyl stearate's average mass is 466.823 Da and its monoisotopic mass is 466.474976 Da .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate is a clear oily liquid that may have a light-yellow hue .
Tridecyl stearate has a density of 0.9±0.1 g/cm3 .

Tridecyl stearate's boiling point is 496.0±13.0 °C at 760 mmHg .
Tridecyl stearate has a vapour pressure of 0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C .
Tridecyl stearate's flash point is 262.7±9.7 °C .



TRIDECYL STEARATE MARKET INSIGHTS:
The Global Tridecyl Stearate Market size was valued at USD 100 Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 150 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 5.96% during the forecasted period 2024 to 2030.

Tridecyl stearate is a synthetic ester molecule that is frequently used as an emollient and skin-conditioning ingredient in the cosmetic industry.
Tridecyl stearate is made of tridecyl alcohol and stearic acid and is well-known for softening and smoothing skin.
As such, Tridecyl stearate is a common ingredient in many skincare products, including lotions, balms, and creams.

Globally, there is a growing middle class with more disposable income in emerging nations, which is driving demand for personal care goods and driving the tridecyl stearate market.

Because of Tridecyl stearate's emollient and skin-conditioning qualities, formulators who want to produce high-end skincare products that give the skin a smooth, rich sensation want to use it.

Leading companies in the tridecyl stearate industry are always coming up with new ideas and formulas to cater to the shifting demands and tastes of customers.

In an effort to find new uses for tridecyl stearate outside of cosmetics, such in medications and industrial goods, they are also funding research and development.



SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Scientific databases provide detailed information on Tridecyl Stearate’s chemical structure, properties, and classifications.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (CIR) has assessed Tridecyl Stearate for safety in cosmetics and deemed it safe for use.



SKIN COMPATIBILITY OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
In human testing, Tridecyl stearate showed very good skin compatibility .
Tridecyl stearate was not an irritant or sensitizer in a provocative RIPT (Repeated Insult Patch Test) conducted on 20 eczema patients.



QUICK ABSORPTION AND VELVETY AFTER FEEL, TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate is known for its quick absorption and velvety after feel .
This makes Tridecyl stearate a popular choice in skincare products, providing a pleasant user experience .



ENHANCING FORMULARY TEXTURE OF TRIDECYL STEARATE:
Tridecyl stearate helps enhance the texture of cosmetic formulations .
Tridecyl stearate can improve the consistency and feel of products, making them more appealing to consumers .



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
CBNumber: CB5904574
Molecular Formula: C31H62O2
Molecular Weight: 466.82 g/mol
MDL Number: MFCD00072282
Physical Properties:
Boiling Point: 496.0 ± 13.0 °C (Predicted)
Density: 0.858 ± 0.06 g/cm3 (Predicted)
Flash Point: 262.70 °C (505.00 °F, TCC, estimated)
Solubility: Soluble in water (1.011e-009 mg/L at 25 °C, estimated)
Chemical Properties:
LogP: 14.541 (estimated)
XLogP3-AA: 14.7

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 29
Exact Mass: 466.47498122 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 466.47498122 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 33
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 366
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Product Name: Tridecyl stearate
CAS No.: 31556-45-3

Molecular Formula: C31H62O2
InChIKeys: InChIKey=GKAVWWCJCPVMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 466.82
Exact Mass: 466.82
EC Number: 250-696-7
UNII: A8OE252M6L
NSC Number: 152080
DSSTox ID: DTXSID2027967
Categories: Other Chemical Drugs
CAS Registry Number: 31556-45-3
Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII): A8OE252M6L
Molecular Formula: C31H62O2

International Chemical Identifier (InChI):
InChI=1S/C31H62O2/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-16-17-18-19-21-23-25-27-29-31(32)33-30-28-26-24-22-20-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-30H2,1-2H3
InChI Key: GKAVWWCJCPVMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Product Information:
Product Name: Tridecyl stearate
IUPAC Name: Tridecyl octadecanoate
Molecular Weight: 466.8 g/mol
Density: 0.858 ± 0.06 g/mL
Boiling Point: 496.0 ± 13.0 °C
Physical State: Solid
Water Solubility: 1.1e-05 g/L

logP: 10.7, 12.62
logS: -7.6
pKa (Strongest Basic): -7
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 29
Refractivity: 146.34 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 66.12 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 0
Rule of Five: No
Ghose Filter: No

Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No
IUPAC Name: Tridecyl octadecanoate
Synonyms: Octadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester
Stearic acid, tridecyl ester
Molecular Weight: 466.82 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C31H62O2
Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC
InChI: GKAVWWCJCPVMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI Key: InChI=1S/C31H62O2/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-16-17-18-19-21-23-25-27-29-31(32)33-30-28-26-24-22-20-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-30H2,1-2H3
Boiling Point: 496.0 ± 13.0 °C
Density: 0.858 ± 0.06 g/ml
Physical State: Solid



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Hygroscopic.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIDECYL STEARATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

2,2,2-Trihydroxytriethylamine; TEA; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol; Triethanolamin; Tris(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine; Trolamine; Daltogen; Nitrilotriethanol; Sterolamide; Tri(hydroxyethyl)amine; Triethanolamin; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotriethanol; 2,2',2''-Nitrilotris(ethanol); Nitrilo-2,2',2"-triethanol; 2,2,2-Nitrilotriethanol; 2,2',2"-Nitrilotriethanol; Nitrilo-2,2',2''-triethanol; 2,2',2''-trihydroxy Triethylamine; Triethylolamine; Trihydroxytriethylamine; Tris(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine; Other RN: 36549-54-9, 36549-53-8, 36549-55-0, 36659-79-7, 105655-27-4, 126068-67-5, 464917-26-8 cas no: 102-71-6

SYNONYMS TEA-Lauryl Sulfate; Dodecyl sulfate, triethanolamine salt; Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium decyl sulfate; Lauryl sulfate ester, triethanolamine salt; Triethanol ammonium C12-14 sulfate CAS Number: 139-96-8

Triethylamine; N,N-Diethylethanamine cas no: 121-44-8

DESCRIPTION:

Triethylamine is a high-purity solvent that is used in certain HPLC protocols, such as weak anion exchange, to resolve certain tryptic peptides on a reverse-phase column.
Triethylamine is an ion-pairing reagent that alters selectivity in reverse-phase HPLC separations.
Triethylamine is an aliphatic amine.



CAS NUMBER: 121-44-8

EC NUMBER: 204-469-4

MOLECULAR FORMULA: (C2H5)3N

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 101.19



DESCRIPTION:

Triethylamine's addition to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices affords transparent liquid matrices with enhanced ability for spatial resolution during
A head-space gas chromatography (GC) procedure for the determination of triethylamine in active pharmaceutical ingredients has been reported.
The viscosity coefficient of triethylamine vapor over a range of density and temperature has been measured.
By pairing with peptides, Triethylamine effectively sharpens peaks, resulting in improved peak resolution.
Pierce Triethylamine has low UV absorbance properties to provide sensitive detection across all wavelengths when used as an ion-pair reagent in HPLC separations.

The reagent is designed and tested to meet the special requirements for peptide sequencing and analysis.
Pierce Triethylamine is specially purified and each lot is tested to the highest specifications to ensure the integrity of your data, maximize sensitivity in your assay and to prolong the life of your equipment.
Triethylamine is the chemical compound with the formula N(CH2CH3)3, commonly abbreviated Et3N.
Triethylamine appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor.
Triethylamine produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned.

Triethylamine is a tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an ethyl group.
Triethylamine is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Triethylamine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes.
Triethylamine acts as a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.
Triethylamine is a clear, colorless liquid with strong ammoniacal odor.

Triethylamine exhibits a golden yellow color on long-standing.
Triethylamine is also, yet this abbreviation must be used carefully to avoid confusion with triethanolamine or tetraethylammonium, for which TEA is also a common abbreviation.
Triethylamine is a colourless volatile liquid with a strong fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia.
Triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis, usually as a base.

Triethylamine (TEA) is used as a neutralization agent for anionic stabilized waterborne resins (polyesters, alkyds, acrylic resins and polyurethanes containing carboxyl or other acidic groups).
Triethylamine is a clear colorless liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor.
Triethylamine’s used as a solvent food additive lab reagent and synthesis material.
Triethylamine finds its application as a protein purification reagent.

Triethylamine is used as a competing base for the separation of acidic basic and neutral drugs by reverse-phased high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Triethylamine induces visual disturbances (such as foggy vision) in humans, and is also used in industry as a quenching agent in the ozonolysis of alkenes (e.g. (E)-2-Pentene.
Triethylamine is also utilized as a catalyst in the curing of epoxy and polyurethane systems.
In the synthesis, Triethylamine is primarily used as a proton scavenger; however, it is also used in the production of Diethylhydroxylamine and other organic compounds.

Triethylamine is a weak cohesive and dipolar/polarizable solvent, moderately hydrogen-bond basic and non-hydrogen-bond acidic.
The triethylamine-dimethyl sulfoxide biphasic system has similar selectivity to the isopentyl ether-propylene carbonate biphasic system, the triethylamine-formamide system to octan-1-ol-formamide, and the triethylamine-ethanolamine biphasic system to 1,2-dichloroethane with either ethylene glycol or formamide as countersolvents.
Triethylamine is a mobile-phase modifier in RP-HPLC separation of acidic, basic, and neutral drugs.
Triethylamine improves resolution of amino acids and amino acid amides by HPLC by suppressing tailing.

Triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis in the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Triethylamine is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations.
Triethylamine is a base commonly used in organic chemistry to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Like other tertiary amines, Triethylamine catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.
Triethylamine is a colorless liquid with a melting point of -114.7 °C and a boiling point around 88.6 °C.

Triethylamine has a strong, fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia.
Triethylamine can be prepared by heating ethyl bromide and anhydrous ammonia in absolute ethanol in an oven for three hours, removing the product, distilling off the alcohol, and adding hydrochloric acid to the product to convert it to its hydrochloride salt.
Triethylamine is a base used to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides as well as in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Triethylamine acts as a catalyst in the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins, dehydrohalogeantion reactions, acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and Swern oxidations.

Triethylamine finds application in reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile-phase modifier.
Triethylamine is also used as an accelerator activator for rubber, as a propellant, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.
Furthermore, Triethylamine is used in automotive casting industry and textile industry.

Triethylamine (formula: C6H15N), also known as N, N-diethylethanamine, is the most simple tri-substituted uniformly tertiary amine, having typical properties of tertiary amines, including salifying, oxidation, Hing Myers test (Hisberg reaction) for triethylamine does not respond.
Triethylamine is colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid, with a strong smell of ammonia, slightly fuming in the air.
Aqueous solution is alkaline, flammable.
Vapor and air can form explosive mixtures, the explosion limit is 1.2% to 8.0%.

Triethylamine is toxic, with a strong irritant.
Triethylamine is a clear, colorless liquid with an Ammonia or fish-like odor.
Triethylamine is used in making waterproofing agents, and as a catalyst, corrosion inhibitor and propellant.
Triethylamine is mainly used as base, catalyst, solvent and raw material in organic synthesis and is generally abbreviated as Et3N, NEt3 or TEA.
Triethylamine can be used to prepare phosgene polycarbonate catalyst, polymerization inhibitor of tetrafluoroethylene, rubber vulcanization accelerator, special solvent in paint remover, enamel anti-hardener, surfactant, antiseptic, wetting agent, bactericides, ion exchange resins, dyes, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, high-energy fuels, and liquid rocket propellants, as a curing and hardening agent for polymers and for the desalination of seawater.

Triethylamine is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a strong ammonia to fish-like odor.
Triethylamine is a base commonly used in organic chemistry to prepare esters and amides from acyl chlorides. Like other tertiary amines,it catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.
Triethylamine is an aliphatic amine.
Triethylamine is used to catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis; accelerator activators for rubber; wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium types; curing and hardening of polymers (e.g., corebinding resins); corrosion inhibitor; propellant.

Triethylamine may be used as a homogeneous catalyst for the preparation of glycerol dicarbonate, via transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
Triethylamine is used as an anti-livering agent for urea- and melamine-based enamels and in the recovery of gelled paint vehicles (HSDB 1988).
Triethylamine is also used as a catalyst for polyurethane foams, a flux for copper soldering, and as a catalytic solvent in chemical synthesis.
Triethylamine is used in accelerating activators for rubber; as a corrosion inhibitor for polymers; a propellant; wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agent of quaternary ammonium compounds; in curing and hardening of polymers.



USES:

-as a catalytic solvent in chemical syntheses
-as an accelerator activator for rubber
-as a corrosion inhibitor
-as a curing and hardening agent for polymers
-as a propellant
-in the manufacture of wetting, penetrating, and waterproofing agents of quaternary ammonium compounds
-Ag chem solvents
-Agriculture intermediates
-Aluminum production
-Chemicals & petrochemicals
-Electronic chemicals
-Insecticides int
-Intermediates
-Mining
-Pharmaceutical chemicals
-Resins



APPLICATIONS:

Triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis as a base.
For example, Triethylamine is commonly used as a base during the preparation of esters and amides from acyl chlorides.
Such reactions lead to the production of hydrogen chloride which combines with triethylamine to form the salt triethylamine hydrochloride, commonly called triethylammonium chloride.
Hydrogen chloride may then evaporate from the reaction mixture, which drives the reaction. (R, R' = alkyl, aryl):

R2NH + R'C(O)Cl + Et3N → R'C(O)NR2 + Et3NH+Cl−

Like other tertiary amines, it catalyzes the formation of urethane foams and epoxy resins.
It is also useful in dehydrohalogenation reactions and Swern oxidations.

Triethylamine is readily alkylated to give the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt:

RI + Et3N → Et3NR+I−

Triethylamine is mainly used in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds for textile auxiliaries and quaternary ammonium salts of dyes.
Triethylamine is also a catalyst and acid neutralizer for condensation reactions and is useful as an intermediate for manufacturing medicines, pesticides and other chemicals.
Triethylamine salts, like any other tertiary ammonium salts, are used as an ion-interaction reagent in ion interaction chromatography, due to their amphiphilic properties.
Unlike quaternary ammonium salts, tertiary ammonium salts are much more volatile, therefore mass spectrometry can be used while performing analysis.



-Niche uses:

Triethylamine is commonly used in the production of anionic PUDs.
A polyurethane prepolymer is prepared using an isocyanate and polyol with dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA).
Triethylamine contains two hydroxy groups and a carboxylic acid group.
Triethylamine is then dispersed in water with triethylamine or other neutralizing agent.
Triethylamine reacts with the carboxylic acid forming a salt which is water soluble.

Usually, a diamine chain extender is then added to produce a polyurethane dispersed in water with no free NCO groups but with polyurethane and polyurea segments.
Triethylamine is used to give salts of various carboxylic acid-containing pesticides.
Triethylamine is the active ingredient.
Triethylamine is used in mosquito and vector control labs to anesthetize mosquitoes.
This is done to preserve any viral material that might be present during species identification.

The bicarbonate salt of triethylamine is useful in reverse phase chromatography, often in a gradient to purify nucleotides and other biomolecules.
Triethylamine was found during the early 1940s to be hypergolic in combination with nitric acid, and was considered a possible propellant for early hypergolic rocket engines.
The Soviet "Scud" Missile used TG-02, a mixture of 50% xylidine and 50% triethlyamine as a starting fluid to ignite its rocket engine.


APPLICATIONS:

Triethylamine has been used during the synthesis of:

-5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine
-3′-(2-cyanoethyl)diisopropylphosphoramidite-5′-dimethoxytrityl-5-(fur-2-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine
-polyethylenimine600-β-cyclodextrin (PEI600-β-CyD)

Triethylamine may be used as a homogeneous catalyst for the preparation of glycerol dicarbonate, via transesterification reaction between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC).



SPECIFICATIONS:

-CAS number: 121-44-8
-EC index number: 612-004-00-5
-EC number: 204-469-4
-Hill Formula: C₆H₁₅N
-Chemical formula: (C₂H₅)₃N
-Molar Mass: 101.19 g/mol
-HS Code: 2921 19 99



PROPERTIES:

-vapor density: 3.5 (vs air)
-Quality Level: 100
-vapor pressure: 51.75 mmHg ( 20 °C)
-Assay: ≥99.5%
-form: liquid
-autoignition temp.: 593 °F
-expl. lim.: 8 %
-impurities: ≤0.1% (Karl Fischer)
-refractive index: n20/D 1.401 (lit.)
-pH: 12.7 (15 °C, 100 g/L)
-bp: 88.8 °C (lit.)
-mp: −115 °C (lit.)
-solubility: water: soluble 112 g/L at 20 °C
-density: 0.726 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
-storage temp.: room temp
-SMILES string: CCN(CC)CC
-InChI: 1S/C6H15N/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3
-InChI key: ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Boiling point: 90 °C (1013 hPa)
-Density: 0.72 g/cm3 (25 °C)
-Explosion limit: 1.2 - 9.3 %(V)
-Flash point: -11 °C
-Ignition temperature: 215 °C
-Melting Point: -115 - -114.7 °C
-pH value: 12.7 (100 g/l, H₂O, 15 °C) (IUCLID)
-Vapor pressure: 72 hPa (20 °C)
-Solubility: 133 g/l



SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES:

Triethylamine is prepared by the alkylation of ammonia with ethanol:

NH3 + 3 C2H5OH → N(C2H5)3 + 3 H2O

The pKa of protonated triethylamine is 10.75, and Triethylamine can be used to prepare buffer solutions at that pH.
The hydrochloride salt, triethylamine hydrochloride (triethylammonium chloride), is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic powder, which decomposes when heated to 261 °C.
Triethylamine is soluble in water to the extent of 112.4 g/L at 20 °C.

Triethylamine is also miscible in common organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether.
Laboratory samples of triethylamine can be purified by distilling from calcium hydride.
In alkane solvents triethylamine is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids, such as I2 and phenols.
Owing to its steric bulk, Triethylamine forms complexes with transition metals reluctantly.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Empirical Formula: C6H15N
-Structural Formula: (C2H5)3N
-Molecular Wt.: 101.19
-Sp. Gr. at 20ºC: 0.726-0.730
-Refractive Index at 20ºC: 1.399-1.401
-Boiling Point. 89°C
-Freezing Point below: -80°C
-Solubility in water: Soluble upto 18°C. Sparingly soluble above 18°C
-Flash Point (closed cup): below -7°C



TECHNICAL INFORMATIONS:

-Physical State: Liquid
-Solubility: Soluble in water (133 g/l), ether, and ethanol (0.1 ml/ml).
-Storage: Store at room temperature
-Melting Point: -115° C (lit.)
-Boiling Point: 88.8° C (lit.)
-Refractive Index: n20D 1.40 (lit.)
-pK Values :pKa: 11.01 in 18° C, H2O, 10.72 in 25° C, H2O, pKb: 10.63 (Predicted)



STORAGE:

Store below +30°C.



SPECIFICATIONS:

-Molecular Weight: 101.19 g/mol
-XLogP3: 1.4
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
-Rotatable Bond Count: 3
-Exact Mass: 101.120449483 g/mol
-Monoisotopic Mass: 101.120449483 g/mol
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 3.2Ų
-Heavy Atom Count: 7
-Complexity: 25.7
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



CHARACTERISTICS:

Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Specific Gravity: 0.72400 to 0.73000 at 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 6.024 to 6.074
Refractive Index: 1.39500 to 1.40100 at 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -115.00 °C. at 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 88.80 to 89.00 °C. at 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 56.054001 mmHg at 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 3.5 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 20.00 °F. TCC ( -6.67 °C. )
logP (o/w): 1.450




CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Melting point: -115 °C
-Boiling point: 90 °C
-density: 0.728
-vapor density: 3.5 (vs air)
-vapor pressure: 51.75 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
-refractive index: n20/D 1.401(lit.)
-FEMA: 4246 | TRIETHYLAMINE
-Fp: 20 °F
-storage temp.. Store below +30°C.
-solubility: water: soluble112g/L at 20°C
-pka: 10.75(at 25℃)
-form: Liquid
-Specific Gravity: 0.725 (20/4℃)
-color: Clear
-PH: 12.7 (100g/l, H2O, 15℃)(IUCLID)
-Relative polarity: 1.8
-Odor: Strong ammonia-like odor
-Odor Threshold: 0.0054ppm
-Odor Type: fishy
-explosive limit: 1.2-9.3%(V)
-Water Solubility: 133 g/L (20 ºC)
-Merck: 14,9666



NATURAL OCCURRENCE:

Hawthorn flowers have a heavy, complicated scent, the distinctive part of which is triethylamine, which is also one of the first chemicals produced by a dead human body when it begins to decay.
Due to the scent, Triethylamine is considered unlucky to bring hawthorn into a house.



SPECIFICATIONS:

-Purity (by GC) wt. %: 99.70% min.
-Water Content wt. %: 0.07% max.
-Impurities wt. %: 0.20% max.



SYNONYM:

TRIETHYLAMINE
N,N-Diethylethanamine
121-44-8
(Diethylamino)ethane
Ethanamine, N,N-diethyl-
triethyl amine
Triaethylamin
Triethylamin
Trietilamina
N,N,N-Triethylamine
NEt3
trietylamine
Triaethylamin
Trietilamina
tri-ethyl amine
(C2H5)3N
MFCD00009051
CCRIS 4881
HSDB 896
TEN [Base]
N,N-diethyl-ethanamine
EINECS 204-469-4
UN1296
UNII-VOU728O6AY
VOU728O6AY
AI3-15425
DTXSID3024366
CHEBI:35026
Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid]
Diethylaminoethane
EC 204-469-4
Triethylamine, >=99.5%
Et3N
triehtylamine
triehylamine
trieihylamine
triethlyamine
triethyamine
TRIETHYLAMINE 100ML
triethylamme
triethylarnine
Thethylamine
Triethlamine
triethyIamine
Triethylannine
Trietylamin
tri-ethylamine
triehyl amine
triethyl amin
triethylam ine
triethylami-ne
triethylamine-
trietyl amine
tri ethyl amine
triethyl- amine
N, N-diethylethanamine
TEN (CHRIS Code)
N,N,N-Triethylamine #
triethylamine, 99.5%
Etanamina, N,N-dietil-
Triethylamine, >=99%
TRIETHYLAMINE [MI]
N(Et)3
NCIOpen2_006503
TRIETHYLAMINE
TRIETHYLAMINE
TRIETHYLAMINE
BIDD:ER0331
Triethylamine, LR, >=99%
TRIETHYLAMINE [USP-RS]
(CH3CH2)3N
CHEMBL284057
DTXCID204366
N(CH2CH3)3
FEMA NO. 4246
Triethylamine, HPLC, 99.6%
Triethylamine, p.a., 99.0%
Triethylamine, analytical standard
ADAL1185352
BCP07310
N(C2H5)3
Triethylamine, for synthesis, 99%
Tox21_200873
Triethylamine, 99.7%, extra pure
LS-647
NA1296
STL282722
AKOS000119998
Triethylamine, purum, >=99% (GC)
Triethylamine, ZerO2(TM), >=99%
UN 1296
NCGC00248857-01
NCGC00258427-01
CAS-121-44-8
Triethylamine, BioUltra, >=99.5% (GC)
Triethylamine, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
FT-0688146
T0424
Triethylamine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
EN300-35419
Triethylamine [UN1296] [Flammable liquid]
Triethylamine, trace metals grade, 99.99%
Triethylamine, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%
Triethylamine, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC)
Q139199
J-004499
J-525077
F0001-0344
Triethylamine, for amino acid analysis, >=99.5% (GC)
InChI=1/C6H15N/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H



IUPAC NAME:

Ethanamine,N,N-diethl
Ethanamine,N,N-diethyl
N,N,N,triethylamine
N,N-Diethylethanamine
N,N-diethylethanamine
N,N-diethylethanamine
TRIETHYL AMINE
Triethylamin
TRIETHYLAMINE
Triethylamine
triethylamine
Triethylamine
triethylamine