Maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymer cas no:7732-18-5

Modified polyacrylic acid; 2-propenoic acid homopolymer cas no :9003-01-4

Modified polyacrylic acid cas no:37199-81-8

Modified polyacrylic acid cas no:37199-81-8

Maleic acid/acrylic acid copolymer, sodium salt cas no:68479-09-4, 7732-18-5

Maleic acid/acrylic acid copolymer, sodium salt cas no:68479-09-4, 7732-18-5

Polycarboxylate, modified, sodium salt cas no:37199-81-8

Polycarboxylate, modified, sodium salt cas no:37199-81-8

Maleic acid/acrylic acid copolymer, sodium salt

Maleic acid/acrylic acid copolymer, sodium salt

Maleic acid-olefin copolymer, sodium salt cas no:52255-49-9

Maleic acid-olefin copolymer, sodium salt cas no:52255-49-9

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

polyacrylic acid, sodium salt; polyacrylic acid, Na salt; cas no:114739-92-3

SOLUBLE COLLAGEN Nom INCI : SOLUBLE COLLAGEN Ses fonctions (INCI) Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

SOLKETAL Solketal is a protected form of glycerol with an isopropylidene acetal group joining two neighboring hydroxyl groups. Solketal contains a chiral center on the center carbon of the glycerol backbone, and so can be purchased as either the racemate or as one of the two enantiomers. Solketal has been used extensively in the synthesis of mono-, di- and triglycerides by ester bond formation. The free hydroxyl groups of solketal can be esterified with a carboxylic acid to form the protected monoglyceride, where the isopropylene group can then be removed using an acid catalyst in aqueous or alcoholic medium. The unprotected diol can then be esterified further to form either the di- or triglyceride. Abstract Commercial solketal is known as AugeoTM SL 191 s which stands out as a slow evaporation solvent derived from glycerin which is considered a renewable source. It has low toxicity to human health and the environment. It is a good solvent for resins and polymers, replacing solvents derived from petroleum, and can be used as an additive of (bio) fuels. This work aimed to study acidy zeolites (H-BEA, H-MOR, H-MFI, and H-FER) as new heterogeneous catalysts of solketal production, through the ketalization reaction of glycerol with acetone. The catalytic activity showed H-BEA > H-MOR = H-MFI > H-FER after 180 min, in kinetics study. The major conversion was 85% for H-BEA. It was also verified that all the catalysts can be reused four times without washing or pretreatment among reactions in batch reactor. The solketal produced in this work was characterized by comparing it with its commercial standard, obtaining very similar characteristics transformation of glycerol into solketal (isopropylidene glycerol or 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl methanol) (green solvent) through the ketalization reaction of glycerol with acetone. The reaction for solketal production is facilitated by major homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysts (Figure 3). The ketalization of glycerol with ketones generates branched oxygenates, solketal (2,2-dimethyl-[1,3] dioxan-4-yl methanol), and 2,2-dimethyl-[1,3] dioxane-5-ol; however, when the reaction is carried out with acetone, the selectivity is higher for the solketal molecule, which has a five-membered ring [5]. Solketal is an excellent component for the formulation of gasoline, diesel, and biodiesel. it occurs that the output of the remaining acetone and water between 70 and 120°C plus a fraction containing solketal is distilled. Glycerol is only removed when the system reaches 200°C. The yield of the distillation was 60% by mass of solketal over the initial blend (solketal-water-glycerol-traces of acetone). The solketal fraction is colorless but with a lower viscosity than glycerol. Figure 12 shows the appearance of the solketal GreenTec fraction after distillation of the initial blend. FTIR analysis was used to confirm the presence of solketal in the distilled product and to compare it with its Sigma-Aldrich standard. The FTIR spectrum of the solketal GreenTec and solketal Sigma-Aldrich samples is shown in Figure 13. When analyzing Table 4, it is observed that both solketal Sigma-Aldrich and solketal GreenTec present very close densities and viscosities. Table 5 shows that only in the analysis of humidity a significant difference between the solketal samples was noticed. Solketal GreenTec presents 56.41% more humidity than solketal Sigma-Aldrich. To remove this moisture, anhydrous sodium sulfate may be added among other drying agents, and/or the solketal GreenTec fraction is withdrawn from 75°C. Glycerol to solketal transformation is possible to carry out using zeolite acidic catalysts, such as H-BEA, H-MOR, H-MFI, and H-FER, showing a very good activity (conversion 85%) and selectivity (98%). H-BEA presented a larger area, major SAR, and a bigger ratio of the strong:weak sites than the other zeolites. This characteristic contributes to a higher catalytic activity for H-BEA catalyst. All the catalysts can be reused for four times without washing or pretreatment among reactions in batch reactor, but the best catalyst is still the H-BEA zeolite for being more active and showing constant solketal selectivity. The solketal produced in this work was characterized by comparing it with its commercial standard, obtaining very similar characteristics. Solketal: Green and catalytic synthesis and its classification as a solvent - 2,2-dimethyl-4-hidroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, an interesting green solvent produced through heterogeneous catalysis Most solvents have been labelled as toxic or hazardous substances, but the use of glycerol derivatives could help solve these and other problems. An alternative, green synthesis of 2,2dimethyl-4-hidroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane (solketal), using solid acid catalysts, has been developed. It is shown that using auxiliary solvents is not essential to get good results, and that the solid catalyst can be recovered and reused, improving the productivity. Moreover solketal has been characterized by determining its polarity and hydrophobicity parameters, which allow identifying possible solvent substitution applications more easily. Abstract Solvent-free reactions are the systems of choice in green chemistry. In addition to contributing to lowering the environmental impact of chemical processes, solvent-free systems can reduce production costs, reaction times, and the dimensions of reactors, thereby decreasing investment costs. An improved procedure to prepare 2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane (solketal) fatty esters from soybean seeds has been developed. Yields higher than 90% were achieved by combining 15 h of hydrolysis with 6 h of esterification with a stepwise addition of solketal. The synthesis was performed in a solvent-free medium, and the final extraction was accomplished using supercritical CO2 . Hence, we have successfully prepared these esters from soybean beans without using organic solvents. In addition, given the non-toxicity of Rhizopus oryzae and the composition of the remaining solid, it might be used as a raw material for feedstock production. Applications Solketal is useful for synthesis of mono-, di- and triglycerides. It is used as the starting reagent for synthesis of tulipaline derivatives. It acts as a fuel additive in gasoline. It is an inhibitor of Methyl ethyl ketone . Notes Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Incompatible materials are acids, Strong oxidizing agents. Ketalization of glycerol with acetone to synthesize solketal-a potential fuel additive is one of the most promising routes for valorization of glycerol. In this article, state-of-the-art of glycerol ketalization is reviewed, focusing on innovative and potential technologies towards sustainable production of solketal. The glycerol ketalization processes developed in both batch and continuous reactors and performance of some typical catalysts are compared. The mechanisms for the acid-catalyzed conversion of glycerol into solketal are presented. The main operation issues related to catalytic conversion of crude glycerol in a continuous-flow process and the direct use of crude glycerol are discussed. Glycerol to Solketal for Fuel Additive: Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysts Abstract: Biodiesel has been successfully commercialized in numerous countries. Glycerol, as a byproduct in biodiesel production plant, has been explored recently for fuel additive production. One of the most prospective fuel additives is solketal, which is produced from glycerol and acetone via an acetalization reaction. This manuscript reviewed recent progress on heterogeneous catalysts used in the exploratory stage of glycerol conversion to solketal. The effects of acidity strength, hydrophobicity, confinement effect, and others are discussed to find the most critical parameters to design better catalysts for solketal production. Among the heterogeneous catalysts, resins, hierarchical zeolites, mesoporous silica materials, and clays have been explored as effective catalysts for acetalization of glycerol. Challenges with each popular catalytic material are elaborated. Future works on glycerol to solketal will be improved by considering the stability of the catalysts in the presence of water as a byproduct. The presence of water and salt in the feed is certainly destructive to the activity and the stability of the catalysts. Keywords: fuel additives; biodiesel; glycerol; solketal; solid acid catalysts. This mini review paper aims to emphasize the potential exploration of catalytic materials for the conversion of glycerol to solketal by analyzing recent papers, especially open literature from after 2010. Rahmat et al. (2010) [15] wrote an overview of glycerol conversion to fuel additives, with an emphasis on reaction parameters (catalyst, reactant, temperature, and reaction time). In the range of 2009 to 2018, Cornejo et al. [16] wrote a review in 2017 on glycerol valorization to fuel additives over different co-reactants. These included second feeds, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butanal, and acetone, and many others. Nanda et al. [17] published a review on solketal as a fuel additive, with an emphasis on the historical and future context. This paper also summarized the effect of acidity, reactor models, kinetics and reactor kinetics, and the daily procedure to use glycerol to solketal. Many scenarios were conducted for the conversion of glycerol to different value-added chemicals, such as propane-acrolein, 1, 3-diol, propane-1,2-diol, acetal or ketal, polyols and polyurethane foams, glycerol carbonate, etc. [10,11,18]. Table 1 shows that among these glycerol conversions, the conversion of glycerol to solketal by acetalization is an interesting route. Solketal is one of the glycerol acetalization products together with glycerol acetal and glycerol formal (GlyF). Similar to other acetalization products, solketal can be used directly as a fuel additive for the reduction of soot and gum formation [19]. Solketal addition to a gasoline blend showed better fuel properties with a higher octane number [19]. Other applications of solketal are in solvents, inks, pharmaceuticals, and paints [20]. Table 1. Different conversion routes from glycerol to value-added products. As shown in Table 2 and Figure 1, different types of catalyst materials were reported for the solketal production consisting of zeolites, clays, resins, heteropolyacids, and others. Each catalyst has both advantages and drawbacks. A homogeneous catalyst, such as H2SO4, offers high activity, however, these homogenous catalysts are corrosive, not recyclable, difficult to separate, and considerably more expensive. Similarly, chloride, such as tin chloride (SnCl2), is also unwanted due to its corrosion tendency [30]. Reusability is also an important part of studies. Reusability is a factor which is studied as a typical sustainable principle. The basic mechanism of the metal salt catalysis is a nucleophilic attack by the hydroxyl group of glycerol to the carbocation obtained from the protonation step, resulting in the formation of the intermediate, followed by a water elimination step. The carbocation is produced from the Lewis or Brønsted acid sites, which activates the ketone carbonyl group through a protonation step (i.e., Brønsted acids) or polarization. Energies 12 02872 g001 550Figure 1. Popularity of different types of catalytic materials for solketal production from 2014 to 2018. (Source: Web of Knowledge, https://www.webofknowledge.com, November 2018). Table 2. Classification of heterogeneous catalysts for solketal production. However, homogeneous catalysts are not considered as environmental-friendly for the reaction system. Another challenge in the utilization of heterogeneous catalysts in solketal production is the byproduct (water) formed during the reaction, which induces a reversible reaction. Heterogeneous catalysts are regenerated easily and are more easily handled. Many resin catalysts exhibited excellent conversion of glycerol to solketal and selectivity, where the best catalytic performance was obtained by amberlyst. However, it is not feasible for a higher scale of production due to the limitation of thermal stability, so it is not easy to regenerate. The higher thermal stability can be found in hierarchical zeolite. The highest conversion of glycerol to solketal of 72% and the selectivity of 72% are reached by using H-Beta (BEA framework) under the condition of 60 °C, stirring at 700 rpm, 5% of catalyst, and molar ratio of glycerol:acetone of 1:4 for H-BEA. Within the zeolite materials, MFI zeolite showed 80%, which is a lower catalytic activity in comparison with amberlyst, but with almost 100% selectivity. The lower conversion is due to the relatively narrow channel size that affects the transport of the reactant carried out and the shape selectivity. 2. Glycerol-to-Solketal Over Resin Catalysts Overall, the most important properties of solid acid catalysts for the conversion glycerol to solketal production was the Brønsted acidity of solid acids [31]. The conversion of glycerol to solketal with resin catalysts has been carried out [32,33,34,35,36]. Table 3 summarizes the conversion of glycerol to solketal over resin catalysts. A typical resin catalyst (i.e., amberlyst) catalyzed the reaction of glycerol with acetone to produce above 80% of the glycerol conversion. Guidi et al. [36] reported that a resin, amberlyst-36, which was applied at different reaction temperatures from 25 to 70 °C, was an excellent catalyst to convert glycerol with a conversion of 85% to 97% to solketal with a selectivity of 99%. The catalyst is also active at lower pressures with similar reaction parameters either in pure glycerol or in an equimolar reactant. According to some references, the high conversion was influenced not only by the surface acidity but also by the resin structure. Moreover, the surface acidity was an important parameter that played a crucial role in improving the selectivity and the conversion in the production of solketal. Although amberlyst-46 and amberlyst-36 is a similar material, both types of resins have a different acid capacity and structure morphology. Furthermore, all resins showed good selectivity to solketal (>80%), and the important catalytic parameter of the resin to conversion glycerol is the acid capacity (oversulfonated resin). With the highest acid capacity (sulfonic acid), these catalyst materials can improve not only the selectivity to solketal production but also the conversion of raw glycerol to above 90%. Another important thing to be highlighted as a limitation of the catalyst activity is the presence of NaCl as a poison for the surface acidity, which is possibly due to the impurities in glycerol. Table 3. Glycerol-to-solketal over resin catalysts. Table 3. Glycerol-to-Solketal over Mesoporous Silica Koranyi et al. [37] reported the superiority of hafnium and zirconium modified TUD-1 as superior catalysts for the conversion of glycerol to solketal. These two catalysts (Hf-TUD-1 and Zr-TUD-1) were more active than Sn-MCM-41 and Al-TUD-1. The Zr and Hf-TUD-1 are examples of active metal-modified mesoporous silica in which Hf and Zr are in the framework. Their activity was higher than FAU(USY) and Al(TUD-1). The highest conversion of glycerol to solketal was more than 50%. The catalytic activity was a function of (i) the number of acid sites, (ii) the presence of mesopores, (iii) the existence of a large surface area, and (iv) the hydrophobicity of the catalyst [38]. The later, the hydrophobicity of the catalyst, was crucial to prevent the hydrolysis of solketal [37,38,39,40,41]. According to Table 4, Cs 2.5/KIT-6 catalyst was one of the best catalysts for the conversion of glycero-to-solketal [42]. KIT-6 was selected because of its large surface area (600-1000 m2/g), active sites, and accessible pores [42]. Table 4. Glycerol-to-solketal over mesoporous silica. Numerous references reported that mesoporous silica catalysts have the advantage of high stability in the conversion of glycerol to solketal, resulting in products with a relatively large percentage of conversion (95%) and selectivity to solketal (98%) [37,42,43,44,45,46]. The mesoporous structure with an activated surface by sulfonic acid might be applied efficiently for the conversion of glycerol to fuel additive [37,43,47]. A sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous polymer (MP-SO3H) contains a high acidity surface (1.88 mmol/g). The surface acidity of catalytic materials can accelerate the formation products of solketal via ketalization reactions as shown in Figure 2. Energies 12 02872 g002 550Figure 2. Scheme of mechanism for the ketalization reaction of glycerol and acetone. 4. Ketalization of Glycerol over Clay Minerals Malaya et al. [17,48] studied different clay-based catalysts with different acid strengths ranging from 0.12 to 5.7 meq/g [17]. The results show that a stronger acidity improved the conversion of glycerol up to ca. 80%. As shown in Table 5, solketal production from glycerol used two different sources, namely acetone or formaldehyde over solid acid catalysts [49,50,51,52]. Based on the conversion of glycerol and selectivity to solketal, the clay catalyst which showed the optimum results was reported by Timofeeva et al. in a batch reactor with activated catalyst by nitric acid of 0.5 M [53]. In the activated K10 montmorillonite by acid solution, this impact causes an increasing rate of reaction with the acid site of the material. It is well-known that the acid activation of natural montmorillonite with nitric acid can change the structure of montmorillonite (leaching of Al3+ cations from the octahedral to increase the surface area and microporosity of catalyst materials) [54,55,56]. The reaction of solketal production is shown in Figure 3. The use of formaldehyde as the major source of solketal production has a lower conversion value (only 83% glycerol conversion), with the K10 montmorillonite used as a catalyst. It may be due to the formation of the hemiacetal or hemicetal via two different pathways. The reaction between glycerol and acetone is preferred as it produces a more stable intermediate, hemicetal compound, with a tertiary carbenium ion [37]. While, in the reaction between glycerol with formaldehyde, the produced hemiacetal formation is not a stable carbenium ion. Thus, the conversion value for the glycerol-formaldehyde system is relatively small as compared to the reaction where acetone is used as a co-reactant [57,58,59]. Energies 12 02872 g003 550Figure 3. Synthesis scheme of glycerol to solketal. Table 5. Glycerol-to-solketal over clay minerals. Koranyi et al. (2012) [37] reported the effect of water as an impurity in the acetalization of glycerol. The presence of water reduced the activity ca. 50% lower than the one with the model compound (pure glycerol). A high number of Brønsted and Lewis sites does not correspond directly to a high activity. Dealumination FAU and Al-TUD-1 with a high Brønsted and Lewis acidity were poor in the acetalization of glycerol [37]. Hydrophobic catalysts, such as hafnium and TUD-1 zirconium on TUD-1, are very prospective for glycerol to solketal. Ammaji et al. (2017) [62] also reported a similar observation, as the Zr-SBA-15 was the most active and selective catalyst. 5. Perspective on Ketalization of Glycerol over Hierarchical Zeolites Dmitriev et al. (2016) [63] reported that zeolite beta was the most active solid acid catalyst as compared to amberlist-35 and cation-exchange resin (KU-2-8) [62]. The zeolite beta applied was a commercial one from zeolyst with SiO2/Al2O3 of 25 and a zeolite beta made by Angarsk. Kowalska et al. [64,65] studied the effect of (i) different zeolite topologies (MFI, BEA, and MOR), (ii) Si/Al ratio from 9.2 to 25.8, and (iii) mesoporosity. Two parent MFI zeolites with different Si/Al were applied (Si/Al = 12 and Si/Al = 27) [64]. The hierarchical zeolites were obtained by desilication using 0.2 M NaOH and dealumination using citric acid (0.5 M) and nitric acid (0.5 M). The diffusion limitation of the parent zeolites was considered as the highest activity of the parent MFI was significantly lower than the one from the hierarchical MFI. A high selectivity (up to 100%) to solketal was obtained with an acetone:glycerol ratio of 1. A higher acetone to glycerol ratio was obtained over a higher acetone to glycerol ratio. Both desilication and dealumination are very effective in improving the catalyst stability of zeolite based catalyst [66,67,68]. Rossa et al. [69] conducted the kinetics study of acetalization of glycerol with acetone to produce solketal with optimization of the kinetics parameters. Zeolite beta with an Si/Al of 19 was applied to find the best parameters: (i) External mass transfer (stirring rate), (ii) temperature, (iii) catalyst amount, and (iv) glycerol to acetone ratio. The targeted goals were glycerol conversion and solketal selectivity. The experimental design for beta zeolite showed that the suggested reaction parameters are: Temperature at 60 °C, stirring rate of 700 rpm, catalyst loading of 5%, and glycerol to acetone ratio of 1:3. A higher acetone content will increase the conversion of glycerol [24,70]. However, an increase of the acetone to glycerol ratio will increase the exergy destruction rate due to a reduction in the rate of formation toward the product and a higher consumption of electrical exergy to the acetalization reactor [20,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80]. Hierarchical zeolite shows excellent glycerol conversion and selectivity to solketal through acetalization reactions. The catalytic materials show a higher glycerol conversion (until more than an 80% glycerol conversion) as compared to other porous and non-porous catalysts due to a large pore size and easy molecular diffusivity. The enhancement of the catalytic activity of zeolites in glycerol acetalization, through the generation of a hierarchical porosity, has been applied by different authors as shown in Table 6. Based on the literature, the crystallite size was one of the most determining factors in the activity of hierarchical zeolite as a catalyst [64,81,82,83,84,85]. The smaller the crystal size of zeolite, the easier the diffusion of the reactant and products though the zeolite pores [73,86,87]. The pore structure of the zeolite can be changed through the dealumination and desilication processes. The process not only can change the mesopore materials but also can increase the catalytic activity (improving the accessibility and mass transfer on the surface) [88]. Hierarchical zeolites with different topologies, such as ZSM-5 (MFI) [67,89,90], beta (BEA) [81,91,92], and Y (FAU) [64], have also been used in the acetalization of glycerol, and the results show that smaller pores can produce high glycerol conversion and selectivity to selectivity (almost 100% selective for solketal formation). However, overall, all materials displayed very good catalytic performance when reacting equimolar mixtures of glycerol and acetone [37,39]. From the experiments on H-beta zeolite, it was found that dealumination resulted in a decrease of strong acid sites, thus decreasing the catalytic activity. Table 6. Glycerol-to-solketal over hierarchical zeolite catalysts. 6. Solketal Synthesis over Carbon/Activated Carbon-Based Catalyst Considering the abundant source of biomass as carbon and activated-carbon precursor, activated carbons were functionalized with acid groups for solketal synthesis [93,94]. Some papers showed the excellent performance of activated carbon for catalyzing the conversion of glycerol to solketal (Table 7) and some of these exhibited a high activity and selectivity under green conditions (solvent-free conditions at a mild temperature). The high surface area of activated carbon preserves the higher surface acid sites by some modification, including acid, metal, and composite modifications [24,95,96,97]. Therefore, they are promising candidates as heterogeneous catalysts for the acetalization of acetone with glycerol. From the utilization of acid functionalized activated carbon, the superior catalytic activity of the four acid-treated carbons was underlined as compared to the untreated activated carbon, confirming the importance of the higher number and strength of acid sites generated by the acid treatments. The catalysts were prepared by HNO3 and H2SO4 treatment to activated carbon. The catalytic activity of the catalyst showed excellent performance due to the high conversion and selectivity at room temperature. Table 7. Glycerol-to-solketal over carbon/activated carbon-based catalyst. From the acid-modified carbon catalyst, it was found that the presence of acid groups, mainly sulfonic groups, was the key factor for the improved catalytic performance. A similar pattern also appeared from the Ni-Zr support on the activated carbon [100], in which the active metal contributes by enhancing the catalyst acidity. Another factor affecting the catalytic activity was the higher total acid density, the large mesopore of the carbon structure, and the activity of the metals. 7. Perspective and Conclusions This mini review highlighted the recent development on solid catalysts for the conversion of glycerol-to-solketal. The product is an additive for fuels, which are very useful to reduce GHGs and to improve the economic viability of biodiesel business [6,8,16,20,34,101,102,103,104,105]. Tailor-made heterogeneous catalyst for an optimal conversion of glycerol is developed and required. Five major heterogeneous catalysts were emphasized in this study: Resins, mesoporous silica, zeolites, clays, and activated carbons. The stability of catalysts is one of the main hurdles for the commercialization of glycerol to solketal. Even though the reaction temperature was considered as mild, the stability of most of the solid catalysts decayed in the presence of water as a byproduct and other impurities (NaCl, methanol) from the glycerol source. The deactivation rate is even higher when the raw glycerol (contaminated with water) was fed to the reactor [106,107,108,109]. Therefore, the viability of the commercial plant depends on (i) the source of feeds [110], (ii) availability of glycerol and other feeds, and (iii) cost of glycerol as the feed. Acidity is agreed as an important properties of zeolite catalysts for glycerol to solketal. Strong acidity and medium hydrophobicity were expected in the design of the reactor. Based on some limitations of the catalyst performance, the utilization of raw glycerol directly will reduce the stability of the catalyst. This review described how a better material should be designed for the optimum conversion of glycerol (and generally polyol) to solketal. Hydrophobic catalysts, such as hafnium/TUD-1 and zirconium/TUD-1, are very prospective for glycerol to solketal. Extended works on low aluminum mesoporous silica materials are expected in the coming years. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Solketal is a protected form of glycerol with an isopropylidene acetal group joining two neighboring hydroxyl groups. Solketal contains a chiral center on the center carbon of the glycerol backbone, and so can be purchased as either the racemate or as one of the two enantiomers. Solketal has been used extensively in the synthesis of mono-, di- and triglycerides by ester bond formation. The free hydroxyl groups of solketal can be esterified with a carboxylic acid to form the protected monoglyceride, where the isopropylene group can then be removed using an acid catalyst in aqueous or alcoholic medium. The unprotected diol can then be esterified further to form either the di- or triglyceride. Due to the high growth of biodiesel production, glycerol, a major by-product from transesterification, is also produced at the same growing rate, resulting in its oversupply. This situation brings the price of glycerol to drop dramatically. Solketal, a derivative from glycerol, can be utilized by blending with gasoline or biodiesel as an additive. This work studies the synthesis of solketal from glycerol and acetone using homogeneous acid catalyst. The reaction progresses successfully when using the acetone in excess. Subsequently, the prepared solketal is used for synthesizing benzyl solketal ether by performing reaction with benzyl alcohol. However, several other products such as benzyl glycerol ether, dibenzyl ether and glycerol are formed. It was found that the high ratio of solketal to benzyl alcohol is required to increase selectivity toward benzyl solketal ether. In the first generation biodiesel production, triglyceride from vegetable oil and methanol are reacted by transesterification reaction to produce fatty acid methyl ester or biodiesel and also obtain glycerol as an unavoidable by-product. Since the production of biodiesel has been increasing rapidly, this causes the glycerol obtained as a by-product to be oversupplied, leading to the price drop of glycerol. Therefore, finding the way to utilize glycerol is suggested to help the overall economic of biodiesel production. Solketal is a derivative which the two adjacent hydroxyl groups of glycerol are reacted via condensation acetone [1]. Solketal can be blended for fuel additives in gasoline [2] or biodiesel [3]. Nowadays solketal can be produced by condensation reaction of glycerol and acetone with acid catalyst [2]. The interesting derivative from solketal is benzyl solketal ether. Benzyl solketal ether is the oxygenated compound and also can be use for fuel additives. Currently, benzyl solketal ether was produced by organic synthesis. In this organic synthesis, solketal is reacted with benzyl chloride with solvents [4]. The problem is using a lot of solvents in the synthesis of benzyl solketal ether. The purpose of this work is divided into two parts. First is the solketal production from glycerol and acetone. Subsequently, the synthesis of benzyl solketal ether from solketal and benzyl alcohol is investigated in the system without solvent. The effect of molar ratio is studied in this part and the optimum condition to produce benzyl solketal ether is investigated. Glycerol and acetone are the raw materials used for producing solketal by condensation reaction. Solketal or isopropylidene glycerol contains the center of glycerol backbone which an isopropylidene group bound to two neighboring hydroxyl group as shown in Fig. 1. Benzyl solketal ether is derived from etherification between solketal and benzyl alcohol (Fig. 3). Benzyl solketal ether can be used as fuel additive. Moreover benzyl solketal ether can be deprotected to obtained benzyl glycerol ether with the ether group at D position of glycerol. In general, benzyl solketal ether is synthesized by reacting benzyl chrolide or benzyl bromide and solketal with solvent [5]. But there are many disadvantages from this organics synthesis for example: a lot of waste from used solvent. In this work, the etherification reaction between solketal and benzyl alcohol without solvent is investigated. However, there were several by-products, which are glycerol, acetone, benzyl solketal ether, benzyl glycerol ether and dibenzyl ether. Fig. 3 is shown the possible reactions and products from reaction of solketal and benzyl alcohol. The main reaction is the reaction between solketal and benzyl alcohol to produce benzyl solketal ether and water (Fig. 3 (1)). From the acid catalyst, solketal could be able to be decomposed to produce acetone and glycerol (Fig. 3 (2)). Benzyl alcohol is also reacted with each other to produce dibenzyl ether and water (Fig. 3 (3)). Glycerol from the deprotection is able to react with benzyl alcohol to produce benzyl glycerol ether (Fig. 3 (4)). Fortunately, the di- and tri- benzyl glycerol ether are not observed from the GC×GC time of flight mass spectroscopy. In this case, glycerol reacted with acetone back to produce solketal to protected glycerol before reacted with other benzyl alcohol. The last suggested reaction is benzyl solketal ether is depotected by the water in the system to produce benzyl glycerol ether (Fig. 3 (5)). The solketal to benzyl alcohol molar ratio is first set at 1:1 solketal to benzyl alcohol molar ratio. Fig. 4 shows the relationships between benzyl alcohol conversion, selectivity and time. As observed, after 2 hours, the benzyl alcohol quickly converts to 57.5% conversion and then continuously converts to 92.9% after 12 hours. The selectivity of dibenzyl ether is very high at 2 hour (59.

SOLUBLE KERATIN Nom INCI : SOLUBLE KERATIN Ses fonctions (INCI) Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance

POTASSIUM SORBATE, N° CAS : 24634-61-5 / 590-00-1 - Sorbate de Potassium. Origine(s) : Synthétique. Autres langues : Kaliumsorbat, Sorbato de potasio, Sorbato di potassio, Nom INCI : POTASSIUM SORBATE. Nom chimique : Potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 246-376-1 / -. Additif alimentaire : E202. Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur. Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS). Le sorbate de potassium est utilisé en cosmétique en tant que conservateur. On le retrouve assez souvent en alimentaire (E202) dans les produits laitiers (yaourts, fromages...). Ce sel de potassium de l'acide sorbique est présent à l'état naturel dans le Sorbier. Il est autorisé en Bio.Ses fonctions (INCI): Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.Noms français : 2,4-HEXADIENOIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT; 2,4-HEXADIENOIC ACID, (E,E')-, POTASSIUM SALT; 2,4-HEXADIENOIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT, (E,E)-; HEXADIENOATE-2,4 DE POTASSIUM; HEXADIENOATE-2,4 DE POTASSIUM (TRANS, TRANS-); POTASSIUM (E,E)-2,4-HEXADIENOATE; POTASSIUM 2,4-HEXADIENOATE; Sorbate de potassium; TRANS,TRANS-2,4-HEXADIENOIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT. Noms anglais : POTASSIUM (E,E')-SORBATE; POTASSIUM SORBATE; SORBIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT; SORBIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Agent de préservation alimentaire, ingrédient cosmétique; 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (2E,4E)- potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4- dienoate; Potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate; Potassium sorbate. Translated names : (E,E)-esa-2,4-dienoato di potassio (Sorbato di potassio) (it); (E,E)-heksa-2,4-dienonian potasu (sorbinian potasu) (pl); (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoato de etilo (sorbato de potássio) (pt); (E,E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoato de potasio (sorbato de potasio) (es); (E,E)-hexa-2,4-diénoate de potassium (sorbate de potassium) (fr); (E,E)-εξα-2,4-διενοϊκό κάλιο (σορβικό κάλιο) (el); Kaalium-(E,E)-heksa-2,4-dienaat (kaaliumsorbaat) (et); Kalijev (E, E)-heksa-2,4-dienoat (kalijev sorbat) (hr) ; kalijev (E,E)-heksa-2,4-dienoat (cs); Kalijev (E,E)-heksa-2,4-dienoat (kalijev sorbat) (sl); Kalio (E,E)-heksa-2,4-dienoatas (kalio sorbatas) (lt); Kalium-(E,E)-heksa-2,4-dienoaatti (kaliumsorbaatti) (fi); Kalium-(E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoaat (kaliumsorbaat) (nl); kalium-(E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoat (kaliumsorbat) (da); kalium-(E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoát (sorbát draselný) (cs); kálium-(E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoát (sorban draselný) (sk); Kálium-(E,E)-hexa.2,4-dieonát (Kálium-szorbát) (hu); Kālija (E,E)-heksa-2,4-diēnoāts (kālija sorbāts) (lv); Potasiu (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoat (Sorbat de potasiu) (ro); Potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate (Potassium Sorbate) (mt); Калиев (E,E)-хекса-2,4-диеноат (калиев сорбат) (bg). CAS names: 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- . : (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadiénoate de potassium; 2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt (E,E); 2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, (E,E)-; 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (E,E)- ; Kalium (2E,4E) - hexa-2,4-dienoate; POTASSIUM (2E, 4E)-HEXA-2,4-DIENOATE; Potassium (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-2,4-dienoate; Potassium (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate; Potassium (E,E) hesa-2,4-dienoate (CAS 24634-61-5); potassium (E,E)-Exa-2,4-dienoate; Potassium (E,E)-sorbate; potassium E,E)-hexa2,4-dienoate; potassium hexa-2,4-dienoate; Potassium-2,4-hexadienoate ; Szorbinsav kálium só, Potassium sorbate; (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadiénoate de potassium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 1VPU26JZZ4; 2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt; 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-, potassium salt; 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt; 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (2E,4E)-; 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (2E,4E)- (1:1) [ACD/Index Name]; 24634-61-5 [RN] 246-376-1 [EINECS]; 5357554; Kalium-(2E,4E)-2,4-hexadienoat [German] ; MFCD00016546 [MDL number]; Potassium (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadienoate [ACD/IUPAC Name]; Potassium (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate; Potassium (E,E)-2,4-hexadienoate; Potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate; Potassium (E,E)-sorbate; Potassium sorbate; sorbic acid potassium salt; Sorbic acid, potassium salt ; Sorbic acid, potassium salt, (E,E)-; trans,trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt; WG2170000; "POTASSIUM HEXA-2,4-DIENOATE"; (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt ; [24634-61-5]; 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt, (E,E)- (9CI); EINECS 246-376-1; Potassium [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; Potassium (E,E')-sorbate; Potassium 2,4-hexadienoate, (E,E)-; potassium and (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate; potassium hexa-2,4-dienoate; Potassium sorbate (E); potassium trans,trans-2,4-hexadienoate; potassium trans,trans-sorbate; potassium;(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate; Sorbistat potassium; Sorbistat-K; Sorbistat-potassium; trans-trans-Sorbic acid potassium; trans-trans-Sorbic acid potassium salt; UNII:1VPU26JZZ4; UNII-1VPU26JZZ4; 山梨酸钾 [Chinese]

DESCRIPTION:

Soprophor CY8 is a non-ionic surface active agent used as a dispersing and wetting agent in the paint and varnish industry.
Soprophor CY8 has the form of a 90% clear aqueous solution, colourless to lightly yellow.
The primary application of Soprophor CY8 is industrial manufacturing of water-dilutable pigment concentrates.



CAS NUMBER: 99734 09 5

MOLECULAR FORMULA: 502.72

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: C28H54O7



DESCRIPTION:

Due to the presence of so called anchoring groups, Soprophor CY8 shows a strong affinity to organic pigments and carbon black, making it especially recommendable for the manufacturing of products based on such pigments.
Soprophor CY8 is a nonionic surfactant providing mechanical and freeze-thaw stability, water resistance and adhesion in emulsion polymerization systems.

Soprophor CY8 is a nonionic, ethoxylated tristyrylphenol liquid.
Soprophor CY8 is dispersible in water.
Soprophor CY8 is soluble in more polar solvents and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Standard applications of Soprophor CY8 are for low HLB emulsifier and dispersant for EC.
Soprophor CY8 has good emulsification, decontamination and moisturizing capacity.
Soprophor CY8 is an important hydrophilic group for compound agrochemical emulsifier.



USES:

-Fatty Acid Ethoxylates is light yellow grease.
-Dispersed in water; dissolved in many solvents including hot ethanol, hot oil, benzene and xylol; widely used in water-in-oil(w/o) emulsifier.
-In textile industry, Fatty Acid Ethoxylates is a component of lubricant (oil soluble emulsifier for mineral oil, fatty oil and solvents.).
-It has good compatibility and can be used as anti-static agent in textile processing and synthesized fabric production.
-In leather industry, Soprophor CY8’s used as softener and lubricant in leather making.
-In ink-making industry, Fatty Acid Ethoxylates is used as emulsifier.
-When pigment grease is used to make ink, this product can be added to emulsify the grease rapidly so the mixture can be easily formed and thick liquid can be squeezed out.
-Soprophor CY8 can improve the radiance of the completed ink and its lubricity and fluidity.
-In metal processing industry, it’s used as emulgator for cutting oil; emulgator and disperant for metal cleaner and detergent solvent.
-In agrochemical industry, Fatty Acid Ethoxylates is used as emulgator for insecticide.



APPLICATION:

-Light yellow liquid or white cream.
-Soprophor CY8 becomes solid when the temperature is low.
-Soluble in water and many kinds of organic solvents.
-Soprophor CY8 has good emulsification, decontamination and moisturizing capacity.
-Soprophor CY8 is an important hydrophilic group for compound agrochemical emulsifier.



FUCTION:

-Emulsification
-Dispersion



APPLICATION:

-pigment concentrates,
-environmentally friendly and VOC-free paint products.



SOLUBILITY:

Soprophor CY8 is Soluble in water and most polar and aromatic solvents.



PROPERTIES:

-Density: 1.09 g/cc
-pH: 5.0 - 7.0
-Appearance: Paste
-Composition: Active
-HLB number: 13.7
-Ionic Charge: Nonionic



ADVANTAGES:

-excellent dispersing properties for organic pigments and carbon black,
-provides superior stability of water-dilutable pigment concentrates,
-prevents pigment sedimentation,
-significantly reduces pigment concentrate viscosity,
-improves concentrate tinctorial strength,
-provides excellent colour stability,
-provides very good pigment concentrate compatibility with commonly used water-dilutable paints,
-VOC-free,
-does not contain alkylphenol ethoxylates.



SYNONYM:

dispersant for paints and varnishes
Poly(oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl)
alpha-[tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl]- omega -hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl)
.alpha.-[tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-.omega.-hydroxy-
Ethoxylatedtristyrylphenol
Poly(oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl)
alpha-(tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl)-omega-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl)
α-[tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-ω-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl)
.alpha.-[tris(2-phenylethenyl)phenyl]-.omega.-hydroxy-
α-[Tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-2, 1-ethanediyl)
tristyrylphenol
SCHEMBL41525
tristyryphanols(x mol EO)
Ethoxylated polyarylphenol
Ethoxylated polyarylphenol
Tristyrylphenol ethoxylates
Tristyryl phenol ethoxylated
Polyethylene glycol mono(tristyrylphenyl)ether
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO(TRISTYRYLPHENYL)ETHER
Polyethylene Glycol Mono(Tristyrylphenyl)Ethers
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-[tris(1-phenylethyl) phenyl]-ω-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl-.omega.-hydroxy-

SORBETH-20 N° CAS : 53694-15-8 Nom INCI : SORBETH-20 Classification : Composé éthoxylé Ses fonctions (INCI) Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

SORBETH-30 N° CAS : 53694-15-8 Nom INCI : SORBETH-30 Classification : Composé éthoxylé Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

cas no 110-44-1 (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid; 2-Propenylacrylic acid; alpha-trans-gamma-trans-Sorbic acid; trans,trans-Sorbic acid; Preservastat; Sorbistat; Hexadienoic acid; 1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid; Panosorb; (2-Butenylidene)acetic acid; Crotylidene acetic acid; Acide sorbique; Kyselina 1,3-Pentadien-1-karboxylova; Kyselina sorbova; Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid

IUPAC name: (2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
CAS Number: 110-44-1
EC Number: 203-768-7
Chemical formula: C6H8O2
Molar mass: 112.128 g


Sorbic acid, or 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural organic compound used as a food preservative.
Sorbic acid has the chemical formula CH3(CH)4CO2H. Sorbic acid is a colourless solid that is slightly soluble in water and sublimes readily.
Sorbic acid was first isolated from the unripe berries of the Sorbus aucuparia (rowan tree), hence its name.

Production
The traditional route to sorbic acid involves condensation of malonic acid and trans-butenal.
Sorbic acid can also be prepared from isomeric hexadienoic acids, which are available via a nickel-catalyzed reaction of allyl chloride, acetylene, and carbon monoxide.
The route used commercially, however, is from crotonaldehyde and ketene.
An estimated 30,000 tons are produced annually.

History
Sorbic acid was isolated in 1859 by distillation of rowanberry oil by A. W. von Hofmann.
This affords parasorbic acid, the lactone of sorbic acid, which he converted to sorbic acid by hydrolysis.
Sorbic acid's antimicrobial activities were discovered in the late 1930s and 1940s, and it became commercially available in the late 1940s and 1950s.
Beginning in the 1980s, sorbic acid and its salts were used as inhibitors of Clostridium botulinum in meat products to replace the use of nitrites, which can produce carcinogenic nitrosamines.

Properties and uses
With a pKa of 4.76, it is about as acidic as acetic acid.

Sorbic acid and its salts, such as sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, and calcium sorbate, are antimicrobial agents often used as preservatives in food and drinks to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.
In general the salts are preferred over the acid form because they are more soluble in water, but the active form is the acid.

The optimal pH for the antimicrobial activity is below pH 6.5. Sorbates are generally used at concentrations of 0.025% to 0.10%. Adding sorbate salts to food will, however, raise the pH of the food slightly so the pH may need to be adjusted to assure safety.
Sorbic acid is found in foods such as cheeses and breads.

The E numbers are:

E200 Sorbic acid
E201 Sodium sorbate
E202 Potassium sorbate
E203 Calcium sorbate
Some molds (notably some Trichoderma and Penicillium strains) and yeasts are able to detoxify sorbates by decarboxylation, producing trans-1,3-pentadiene.
The pentadiene manifests as a typical odor of kerosene or petroleum.
Other detoxification reactions include reduction to 4-hexenol and 4-hexenoic acid.

Sorbic acid can also be used as an additive for cold rubber, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of some plasticizers and lubricants.

Density: 1.204 g/cm3
Melting point: 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)
Boiling point: 228 °C (442 °F; 501 K)
Solubility in water: 1.6 g/L at 20 °C
Acidity (pKa): 4.76 at 25 °C
XLogP3: 1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 112.052429494
Monoisotopic Mass: 112.052429494
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 123
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Sorbic acid is a hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.
Sorbic acid is a hexadienoic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a medium-chain fatty acid and an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.
Sorbic acid is a conjugate acid of a sorbate.

Sorbic acid is a naturally occurring compound that’s become the most commonly used food preservative in the world, and it makes the global food chain possible.
Sorbic acid’s highly effective at inhibiting the growth of mold, which can spoil food and spread fatal diseases.

For example, when sorbic acid is sprayed on the exterior of a country ham, there won’t be any mold growth for 30 days.
This allows for food to be shipped and stored all over the globe.

Sorbic acid is a preferred preservative compared to nitrates, which can form carcinogenic byproducts.
Sorbic acid’s applied to food by either spraying or dipping the food with a solution of sorbic acid and water.

Sorbic acid is most commonly found in foods, animal feeds, pharmaceutical drugs, and cosmetics.

When it comes to human foods, sorbic acid is most commonly used in:
wines
cheeses
baked goods
fresh produce
refrigerated meat and shellfish

Sorbic acid is used to preserve meats because of its natural antibiotic capabilities.
In fact, its earliest use was against one of the deadliest toxins known to mankind, the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, which can cause botulism. Sorbic acids use saved countless lives by preventing bacterial growth while allowing meats to be transported and stored safely.

Because of its anti-fungal properties, sorbic acid is also used in canned goods, including pickles, prunes, maraschino cherries, figs, and prepared salads.

Sorbic acid and its calcium, potassium, and sodium salts are used as preservatives in a wide range of food, including dairy, meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, bakery, emulsions, beverages, and so on.

Sorbic acid and its potassium salt are widely used antimicrobial preservatives in foods, especially for preventing mold growth on food products.
Sorbates have been infrequently implicated in adverse reactions, especially by the oral route.

Many of the studies on sorbate have the same methodologic flaws as described for tartrazine.
Among 226 patients with chronic urticaria who were challenged with 50 to 200 mg of sorbic acid, none had responses.

Sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, and calcium sorbate are novel, highly efficient, safe, and nonpoisonous food preservatives.
They are the substitute for the benzoic acid as a traditional preservative.

Sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, and calcium sorbate approved worldwide are often now successfully used as standard products in many branches of the food industry.
As they are acidic preservatives, it is better to use them at pH 5–6.

Sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, and calcium sorbate are unsaturated fatty acids and salts of unsaturated fatty acids, which participate in the normal fat metabolism in human body and are oxidized into carbon dioxide and finally water.
They do not accumulate in the human body.

Sorbic acid derives its name from Sorbus aucuparia, because it was from berries of this tree that it was first isolated.
Seventy years later its potential as an antimicrobial agent was discovered, and sorbic acid and its salts (generally called sorbate) are now used as preservatives in a variety of foods in many countries.

Sorbic acid is an unsaturated aliphatic straight-chain monocarboxylic fatty acid, 2,4-hexadienoic acid.
Salts and esters form by reaction with the carboxyl group; reactions also occur via its conjugated double bond.
The acid and its sodium, calcium and potassium salts are used in food.

The potassium salt is commonly used because it is more stable and easier to produce.
Furthermore, its greater solubility extends the use of sorbate to solutions appropriate for dipping and spraying.
Other derivatives with antimicrobial capabilities (sorboyl palmitate, sorbamide, ethyl sorbate, sorbic anhydride) have limited use because they are more insoluble, toxic and unpalatable.

Sorbate has several advantages as a preservative in food.
Initially thought to have only antimycotic activity, it is now known to also inhibit bacteria. Effective concentrations do not normally alter the taste or odour of products.

In addition it has more activity at less acidic values (> pH 6.0) than propionate or benzoate. Sorbate is also considered harmless. Following thorough toxicological testing it was generally recommended as safe (GRAS).

Metabolism of sorbate in the body is by β-oxidation (as for other fatty acids), forming CO2 and water. Sorbic acid has a yield of 28 kJ g−1 (of which 50% is biologically usable) and a half-life in the body of 40–110 min.

Sorbic acids acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 25 mg kg−1 body weight is higher than that of other preservatives.
Sorbic acid is considered less toxic than NaCl, with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 10 g kg−1, compared with 5 g kg−1 for NaCl.

Sorbic acid is the most common food preservative against molds, bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.
Sorbic acid is favored for its organoleptic neutrality, safety, and efficacy in low moisture foods such as cheeses, and bakery.

Sorbic acid is a carboxylic acid that is slightly soluble in water and is available as a powder, granules, or microcapsules.
Sorbic acid can be applied to foods using various methods:

Dipping and spraying finished products with solutions.
Dusting with powdered sorbic acid
Mixing into formula dry ingredients
Treatment of packaging material

Origin
Natural sorbic acid was first isolated in 1859 from unripe berries of the rowan tree (Sorbus aucuparia) in the form of the lactone parasorbic acid which was converted to sorbic acid.

In 1900, this acid was first synthesized from the condensation of crotonaldehyde and malonic acid.
Sorbic acids antimicrobial activity was recognized in the late 1930s.
Sorbic acids proven efficacy in treating meats against the bacteria Clostridium botulinum in meats encourage its large scale production in the 1950’s.

Commercial Production
Several routes are known for the commercial production mainly the reaction of crotonaldehyde and ketene.

Alternate methods include the condensation of malonic acid and trans-butenal or derivation from isomeric hexadienoic acids produced by catalytic reactions of allyl chloride, acetylene and carbon monoxide.
Powdered acid can be granulated via extrusion or pelletization to enhance its solubility.

Function
Microbial inhibition by sorbic acid is variable and depends on species, strains, composition of food, pH, aw, processing, temperature, and concentration of sorbate.
In baking, it is used in sliced and packaged bread, bagels and pita as well as in par-baked, baked goods and frozen doughs.

Optimal antimicrobial activity is at pH below 6.5 (maximum activity at pH 4.76), an advantage compared to benzoic and propionic acids which lose their activities at pH 4.5 – 5.5.

Practical considerations when using this acid in baking:

Sorbic acid has a water solubility of around 0.16g/100 ml which increases with temperature but is reduced in the presence of sugars.4
This acid inhibits yeasts strains differently, as some strains are more tolerant to its effects than others.
Sodium sorbate, calcium sorbate, and potassium sorbates are more soluble in water than sorbic acid. So, they are more commonly used in foods.
However, they may raise the pH slightly, therefore some medium adjustments may be necessary.

Sorbic acid, is a reliable preservative that is highly effective and absolutely safe for the consumer.
Sorbic acid provides strong protection against numerous molds, yeast and many bacteria.
Growth of several mycotoxin-forming molds is also inhibited.
Sorbic acid is a fatty acid similar to those found naturally in foods.

Sorbic acid is only sparingly soluble in water.
Therefore, sorbic acid is mainly used in products with low water content e.g., in baked goods or in fatty media.
Upon request, Nutrinova Sorbic Acid is available in pharmaceutical grade.

Advantages at a glance:

outstanding mold and yeast protection
purity and quality exceed the highest international requirements
excellent storage stability
neutral taste and odor
easy and economical to use
fully degradable, similar to fatty acids found naturally in foods

The antimicrobial action of sorbic acid, first manufactured by Hofmann from rowan berry oil in 1859, was discovered in Germany by Muller in 1939 and inde- pendently, a few months later, by Gooding in the USA.

Sorbic acid first became available from industrial production in the mid-1950s and has since been used to a growing extent for food preservation throughout the world.
Sorbic acid is now increasingly preferred to other preservatives because of its physiological harmlessness and organoleptic neutrality.

Available Forms, Derivatives
Sorbic acid is used both as a free acid and as its potassium and calcium salts in various forms (powder, granules, solutions).
The esters of sorbic acid with low aliphatic alcohols, which likewise have a preservative action, are of no importance as food preservatives, owing to their powerful self-odor.

Properties
CH3-CH=CH-CH=CH-COOH, molar mass 112.13, white monoclinic crystals with a faint specific odor and sour taste which melt at 132 to 135°C. At room tempera- ture 0.16 g sorbic acid dissolve in 100 g water and 0.07 g in 100 g 10% sodium chloride solution.
Some 13 g sorbic acid dissolve in 100 g anhydrous ethanol or in 100 g glacial acetic acid.

Sorbic acids solubility in fatty oils is 0.5 to 1g per 100 g, depending on the type of oil in question.
Potassium sorbate, molar mass 150.22, white powder or granules.
The most readily soluble of the sorbates.
At room temperature, 138 g potassium sorbate dissolves in 100 g water.

Up to 54 g potassium sorbate dissolves in 100 g 10% sodium chlo- ride solution.
Calcium sorbate, white, odorless and tasteless powder resembling talcum.
Solubility in water 1.2 g/100 g.

In solid form, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate and especially calcium sorbate are very stable, despite the two double bonds in the molecule.
In solutions, the pre- sence of oxygen causes oxidative degradation which may result in brown dis- coloration (Thakur et al. 1994).

In commercial food preservation this is of no importance, since treated foods are generally consumed before any appreciable degradation occurs. Many other food ingredients, e. g. fat and flavorings, are in any case much more sensitive to oxidation than sorbic acid.

Analysis
Because of its volatility in steam, sorbic acid can be quantitatively isolated by acid steam distillation from the food to be investigated.
The criterion used for qualita- tive detection and quantitative determination is the red coloration that sorbic acid produces with 2-thiobarbituric acid after oxidation with potassium dichromate (Schmidt 1960).

As a polyunsaturated compound, sorbic acid displays a pronounc- ed absorption maximum at some 260 nm (depending on the pH of the solution), which can be likewise used for quantitative determination (Luckmann and Mel- nick 1955).
HPLC has emerged as the preferred method for determining sorbic acid and is sometimes used in multimethods, which can be employed for detecting benzoic acid, salicylic acid, parabens and sorbic acid simultaneously.

In most cases RP-18 phases are used as stationary phases, with UV detection at wavelengths of 230 nm.
Methods have been published both for detecting sorbic acid in foods in general (Bui and Kooper 1987, Hagenauer-Hener et al. 1990, Reifschneider et al. 1994) and for detecting sorbates and other preservatives specifically in cheese (Kuppers 1988), yogurt (Olea Serrano et al. 1991), fruit juices (Kantasubrata and Imamkhasani 1991) and wine (Flak and Schaber 1988).

Standardized methods of detecting sorbates (GC, TLC and HPLC) have been published in the revised edition of the Swiss Foodstuffs Manual (1992).
There is also a method for detecting them in liquid tabletop sweeteners in accordance with § 35 of the Federal German food law (1.57.22.99).

Rather unconventional techni- ques of detecting sorbic acid by ion chromatography or capillary isotachophore- sis (Karovicova et al. 1991) have not so far become established in routine use. X-ray structural analysis of sorbic acid has also been described (Cox 1994).

Production
Nowadays the only industrial production method used for sorbic acid is that em- ploying ketene and crotonaldehyde.
A polymeric ester forms as an intermediate (Luck 1993).
The production of sorbic acid by the oxidation of 2,4-hexadienal has ceased to be of any significance.

Sorbic acid, an unsaturated six-carbon fatty acid, is a naturally occurring preservative that is used less in food compared to its potassium salt – potassium sorbate (E202) due to the slight solubility in water.
This ingredient can be used in low water content food such as baked goods, cheese, dried fruits, meat and fatty media.

Sorbic acid is generally used to inhibit the growth of molds (also mycotoxin-forming molds), yeast and some bacteria.
The European food additive number for it is E200.

Sorbic acid is commercially synthesized from the condensation between ketene and crotonaldehyde instead of extracted from berries.
The manufacturing process is described in the first three steps of production of potassium sorbate.

The bacteriostatic or bactericidal mechanism of sorbic acid are the same as that of potassium sorbate.
When added to water, potassium sorbate dissociates into sorbic acid and potassium ions.
Sorbic acid is the sorbic acid that is active as an antimicrobial preservative.

Like benzoic acid, sorbic acid is a lipid-soluble weak acid that:

enters into the cell of microbial through the cell membrane
then accumulates and finally influences the internal PH of microbial
eventually disrupts its transport functions and metabolic activity
result in the death of the microbial

Food
Sorbic acid can prevent the spoilage of yeast, mold, and some bacteria in food and therefore prolong food shelf life.
Sorbic acid can be used to preserve foods with low water content and the following food may contain it:

cheese
dried fruit
yogurt
pet foods
dried meats
baked goods.

Solubility

In water
Slightly soluble in water (solubility 0.16 g/100 mL at 20 °C) so it is not suitable to use it in food with much water content.
Generally, it is made into salts form, potassium sorbate, which is the commonly utilized form.

In organic solvent
Soluble in ethanol, ether, propylene glycol, peanut oil, glycerin and glacial acetic acid.

Ph
The antimicrobial activity of sorbic acid generates when it is in the form of a molecule, the condition of undissociated.

The PKa of sorbic acid is 4.76.
That’s to say, its inhibitory activity rises as pH value (below 4.76) decreases as the percentage of the undissociated sorbic acid goes up, this leads to the enhanced antimicrobial activity.

The optimal pH for the antimicrobial activity is from 3.0 to 6.5.

What’re the Uses of Sorbic Acid?
Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate have become the primary preservatives in food application due to its good antimicrobial activity & effectiveness in the weak acid pH range and their safety over benzoic acid and sodium benzoate.

Mostly, it protects food from yeast and mold spoilage and commonly added with usage from 0.025% to 0.10%.

Sorbic acid is a short-chained unsaturated (has double bonds) fatty acid. Sorbic acids iupac name is 2,4 hexadienoic acid and its chemical formula is C6H8O2.
Sorbic acid has a carboxylic tail which has a pKa of 4.76. Sorbic acids melting and boiling points are 136 and 228 degrees Celsius, respectively.

Sorbic acid is commonly used by the food industry as a preservative because its mineral salts have antimicrobial properties in acidic solutions.
Sorbic acids undissociated form is several degrees more antimicrobial then its dissociated form and is a function of pH, yet both have antimicrobial properties.

Sorbic acid is particularly effective against fungi and has the advantage of not diminishing overtime.
Generally, a fungistatic dose in the presence of ethanol and sulfur is roughly 200 mg/L.
Sorbic acid can also be used to remove mineral deposits.
Sorbic acid by itself has subtle sensory characteristics, but a portion of the population finds it particularly offensive.

Sorbic acid (C6H8O2) is a natural preservative that comes from the rowan berries, Sorbus aucuparia (family Rosaceae). Sorbic acid is also prepared synthetically.
Sorbic acid inhibits growth of fungi, yeast, mold and some bacteria and is nearly nontoxic to humans.
Sorbic acid is safe to use in a wide range of foods, drugs, and cosmetic products.
Sorbic acid and its salts, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate and calcium sorbate are often used in food products as preservatives.

Synonyms:
110-44-1
(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
2,4-Hexadienoic acid
2E,4E-Hexadienoic acid
Panosorb
Sorbistat
Hexadienoic acid
2-Propenylacrylic acid
trans,trans-Sorbic acid
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (2E,4E)-
Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
(E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid
alpha-trans-gamma-trans-Sorbic acid
Preservastat
(E,E)-Sorbic acid
trans,trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-
Crotylidene acetic acid
Kyselina sorbova
Acetic acid, crotylidene-
Acidum sorbicum
Acetic acid, (2-butenylidene)-
trans-trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid
(E,E)-1,3-pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid
(2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid
Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)
(2-Butenylidene)acetic acid
C6:2n-2,4
Sorbic acid (NF)
Sorbic acid [NF]
UNII-X045WJ989B
1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid
1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid, (E,E)-
E 200Kyselina 1,3-pentadien-1-karboxylova
(2-butenylidene) acetic acid
22500-92-1
CHEBI:38358
X045WJ989B
MFCD00002703
NCGC00091737-01
DSSTox_CID_1277
5309-56-8
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (2E,4E)-, homopolymer
DSSTox_RID_76053
DSSTox_GSID_21277
Hexadienic acid
Caswell No. 801
34344-66-6
CAS-110-44-1
Sorbic acid solution
CCRIS 5748
HSDB 590
(2E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid
EINECS 203-768-7
Sorbic acid, (E,E)-
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 075901
Sorbinsaeure
Sorbinsaure
sorbic-acid
NSC49103
AI3-14851
E-sorbic acid
trans,trans-SA
(E,E)-Sorbic acid; Sorbic acid
Sorbic Acid FCC
Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, (E,E)-
2,4-Hexadiensaeure
NSC 35405
NSC 49103
NSC 50268
Crotylidene-Acetic acid
EC 203-768-7
SCHEMBL1647
Sorbic acid, >=99.0%
91751-55-2
MLS002152937
(2-butenylidene)-Acetic acid
(E,E)-SA
CHEMBL250212
(e,e)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
DTXSID3021277
Sorbic acid, analytical standard
CHEBI:35962
FEMA 3921
HMS3039E13
Sorbic acid, potassium salt
HY-N0626
STR09707
ZINC1558385
Tox21_111164
Tox21_201719
Tox21_300182
2,4-SA
LMFA01030100
s4983
(2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid #
2, 4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt
AKOS000119456
CCG-266056
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, >=99%, FCC
.alpha.-trans-.gamma.-trans-Sorbic acid
NCGC00091737-02
NCGC00091737-03
NCGC00091737-05
NCGC00253957-01
NCGC00259268-01
E200
P891
SMR001224532
Sorbic acid, tested according to Ph.Eur.
Sorbic acid, SAJ first grade, >=98.5%
CS-0009618
S0053
Sorbic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
Sorbic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Sorbic acid, for synthesis, 99.0-101.0%
alpha-trans-Laquo gammaRaquo -trans-sorbic acid
D05892
Hexadienoic acid1,3-pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid
A829400
AN-651/40229308Q407131
J-002425
J-524281
F8886-8255

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is an organic acid that is used as a food preservative and antimicrobial agent.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is effective against yeasts and molds, which are the main causes of food spoilage.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has been shown to be non-genotoxic in biological studies, but it has been found to be genotoxic at high concentrations.

CAS: 110-44-1
MF: C6H8O2
MW: 112.13
EINECS: 203-768-7

Synonyms
(e,e)-4-hexadienoicacid;(E,E)-Sorbic acid;2,4-Hexadienoicacid,(E,E)-;2e,4e-hexadienoicacid;4-Hexadienoicacid,(E,E)-2;2-PROPENYL ACRYLIC ACID;1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid;2,4;HEXANEDIENOIC ACID;sorbic acid;110-44-1;(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid;2,4-Hexadienoic acid;2E,4E-Hexadienoic acid;Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid;Panosorb;Sorbistat;2-Propenylacrylic acid;Hexadienoic acid;trans,trans-Sorbic acid;(E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-;alpha-trans-gamma-trans-Sorbic acid;Preservastat;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (2E,4E)-;(2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid;Kyselina sorbova;(E,E)-Sorbic acid;Crotylidene acetic acid;trans,trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid;Acetic acid, crotylidene-;Caswell No. 801;22500-92-1;(E,E)-1,3-pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid;Acetic acid, (2-butenylidene)-;Hexadienoic acid, (E,E);trans-trans-2,4-Hexadienoic acid;(2-Butenylidene)acetic acid;Sorbinsaeure;CCRIS 5748;HSDB 590;Acidum sorbicum;Hexadienic acid;trans,trans-SA;1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid;E 200;EINECS 203-768-7;1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid, (E,E)-;Kyselina 1,3-pentadien-1-karboxylova;(2-butenylidene) acetic acid;C6:2n-2,4;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 075901;Sorbic acid (NF);Sorbic acid [NF];UNII-X045WJ989B;2,4-Hexadiensaeure;C6H8O2;FEMA NO. 3921;CHEBI:38358;AI3-14851;INS-200;(E,E)-Sorbic acid; Sorbic acid;X045WJ989B;Acid, Hexadienoic;NSC-35405;NSC-49103;NSC-50268;5309-56-8;(E,E)-SA;DTXSID3021277;CHEBI:35962;EC 203-768-7;2,4-SA;MFCD00002703;NCGC00091737-01;.alpha.-trans-.gamma.-trans-Sorbic acid;SORBIC ACID (II);SORBIC ACID [II];SORBIC ACID (MART.);SORBIC ACID [MART.];SORBIC ACID (USP-RS);SORBIC ACID [USP-RS];DTXCID401277;Sorbic Acid [USAN];SORBIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH);SORBIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH];Kyselina sorbova [Czech];Acid, Sorbic;CAS-110-44-1;Acid, Propenylacrylic;Sorbic acid, (E,E)-;(2E,4E)-2,4-Hexenoic acid;Sorbinsaure;sorbic-acid;NSC49103;E-sorbic acid;Kyselina 1,3-pentadien-1-karboxylova [Czech];Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, (E,E)-;NSC 35405;NSC 49103;NSC 50268;Sorbic Acid (SA);Crotylidene-Acetic acid;starbld0040592;trans, trans-Sorbic acid;Sorbic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile;SORBIC ACID [MI];SORBIC ACID [FCC];SCHEMBL1647;SORBIC ACID [HSDB];SORBIC ACID [INCI];SORBIC ACID [VANDF];Sorbic acid, >=99.0%;MLS002152937;(2-butenylidene)-Acetic acid;SORBIC ACID [WHO-DD];CHEMBL250212;(e,e)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid;Sorbic acid, analytical standard;FEMA 3921;HMS3039E13;Sorbic acid, potassium salt (van);161814-42-2;HY-N0626;STR09707;Tox21_111164;Tox21_201719;Tox21_300182;HB8334;LMFA01030100;s4983;(2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid #;2, 4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt;AKOS000119456;CCG-266056;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (trans,trans)-;2,4-Hexadienoic acid, >=99%, FCC;NCGC00091737-02;NCGC00091737-03;NCGC00091737-05;NCGC00253957-01;NCGC00259268-01;91751-55-2;E200;SMR001224532;Sorbic acid, tested according to Ph.Eur.;Sorbic acid, SAJ first grade, >=98.5%;CS-0009618;NS00002145;S0053;Sorbic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;(E,E)-2,4-HEXADIENOIC ACID [FHFI];EN300-17945;Sorbic acid, for synthesis, 99.0-101.0%;alpha-trans-Laquo gammaRaquo -trans-sorbic acid;D05892;E80726;EN300-332923;Hexadienoic acid1,3-pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid;A829400
;AN-651/40229308;Q407131;J-002425;J-524281;Z57127888;F8886-8255;Sorbic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard;Sorbic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;Sorbic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material;InChI=1/C6H8O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6(7)8/h2-5H,1H3,(H,7,8)/b3-2+,5-4

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has also been found to have cardioprotective properties.
The optimum concentration for sorbic acid is 0.1% and it does not require refrigeration.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) can be made by reacting p-hydroxybenzoic acid with potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution.
This process can be analyzed by gas chromatography, which separates compounds based on their boiling points, or by liquid chromatography, which separates compounds based on their solubility in an organic solvent like benzyl alcohol or methanol.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2), also known as herbal tea acid, 2,4-hexadienoic acid, 2-propenyl acrylic acid, with molecular formula C6H8O2, is a food additive that has inhibitory effects on many fungi such as yeast and mold.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is also used in animal feed, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, packaging materials and rubber additives.

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a white crystalline solid first isolated in 1859 by hydrolysis of the oil distilled from unripened mountain-ash berries.
The name is derived from the scientific term for the rowan tree, Sorbus aucuparia Linne, which is the parent plant of the mountain ash.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) was first synthesized in 1900.
Interest in Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) was minimal until independent researchers, E. Mueller of Germany and C.M. Gooding of the United States, discovered its antimicrobial effect in 1939 and 1940, respectively.
Early interest in manufacturing Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) centered around its use as a tung oil replacement when tung oil supplies were curtailed in the United States during World War II.
High manufacturing costs prohibited expanded use until its approval as a food preservative in 1953.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is widely used in foods having a pH of 6.5 or below, where control of bacteria, molds, and yeasts is essential for obtaining safe and economical storage life.
A Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans.

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometri isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2), or 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural organic compound used as a food preservative.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has the chemical formula CH3(CH)4CO2H and the structure H3C−CH=CH−CH=CH−C(=O)OH.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a colourless solid that is slightly soluble in water and sublimes readily.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) was first isolated from the unripe berries of the Sorbus aucuparia (rowan tree), hence its name.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) was isolated in 1859 by distillation of rowanberry oil by A. W. von Hofmann.
This affords parasorbic acid, the lactone of sorbic acid, which he converted to sorbic acid by hydrolysis.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2)'s antimicrobial activities were discovered in the late 1930s and 1940s, and it became commercially available in the late 1940s and 1950s.
Beginning in the 1980s, Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) and its salts were used as inhibitors of Clostridium botulinum in meat products to replace the use of nitrites, which can produce carcinogenic nitrosamines.

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a naturally occurring compound that’s become the most commonly used food preservative in the world, and it makes the global food chain possible.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2)’s highly effective at inhibiting the growth of mold, which can spoil food and spread fatal diseases.
For example, when Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is sprayed on the exterior of a country ham, there won’t be any mold growth for 30 days.
This allows for food to be shipped and stored all over the globe.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a preferred preservative compared to nitrates, which can form carcinogenic byproducts.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2)’s applied to food by either spraying or dipping the food with a solution of sorbic acid and water.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is used to preserve meats because of its natural antibiotic capabilities.
In fact, Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2)'s earliest use was against one of the deadliest toxins known to mankind, the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, which can cause botulism.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2)'s use saved countless lives by preventing bacterial growth while allowing meats to be transported and stored safely.
Because of its anti-fungal properties, Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is also used in canned goods, including pickles, prunes, maraschino cherries, figs, and prepared salads.

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 132-135 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 228°C
Density: 1.2 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: 1.4600 (estimate)
FEMA: 3921 | 2,4-HEXADIENOIC ACID, (E,E)-
Fp: 127 °C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: ethanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear
Form: Crystalline Powder
Pka: 4.76(at 25℃)
Color: White or cream-white
PH: 3.3 (1.6g/l, H2O, 20°C)
Odor: bland
Water Solubility: 1.6 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,8721
JECFA Number: 1176
BRN: 1741831
Stability: Material saturated with this acid may ignite spontaneously.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be light sensitive.
InChIKey: WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-N
LogP: 1.32 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 110-44-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) (110-44-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) (110-44-1)

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has a characteristic odor.
White, crystalline solid.
Slightly soluble in water and many organic solvents.
Combustible.

Uses
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic preservative against molds and yeasts with moderate sensitizing potential in leave-on cosmetics.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is used in concentrations of 0.1 to 0.3 percent, and its activity is dependent on the formulation’s pH.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is used as a replacement for glycerin in emulsions, ointments, and various cosmetic creams.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is obtained from the berries of the tree commonly known as mountain ash and rowan, and can also be produced synthetically.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) can cause irritation.

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a preservative that is effective against yeasts and molds.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is effective over a broad ph range up to ph 6.5, being ineffective above ph 7.0.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is a white, free-flowing powder which is slightly soluble in water with a solubility of 0.16 g in 100 ml of water at 20°c.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2)'s solubility in water increases with increasing temperatures, although it is not recommended in foods that are pasteurized because it breaks down at high temperatures.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is potas- sium, calcium, and sodium sorbate.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is used in cheese, jelly, bever- ages, syrup, and pickles.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) typical usage levels range from 0.05 to 0.10%.

Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is an naturally occurring organic compound first isolated from unripe berries.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has been used as a food preservative and as an inhibitor of Clostridium Botulinum bacteria in meat products in order to reduce the amount of nitrites which produce carcinogenic nitroamines.
Mold and yeast inhibitor.
Fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.
To improve the characteristics of drying oils.
In alkyd type coatings to improve gloss.
To improve milling characteristics of cold rubber.

With a pKa of 4.76, Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is about as acidic as acetic acid.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) and its salts, especially potassium sorbate and calcium sorbate, are antimicrobial agents often used as preservatives in food and drinks to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.
In general the salts are preferred over the acid form because they are more soluble in water, but the active form is the acid.
The optimal pH for the antimicrobial activity is below pH 6.5.
Sorbates are generally used at concentrations of 0.025% to 0.10%.
Adding sorbate salts to food will, however, raise the pH of the food slightly so the pH may need to be adjusted to assure safety.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is found in foods such as various kinds of cheese, bread, muffins, donuts, pies, cookies, protein bars, syrups, lemonades, fruit juices, dried meats, sausages, nuggets, burgers, sandwiches, tacos, pizzas, smoked fish, margarine, sauces, soups, and more.

The E numbers are:
E200 Sorbic acid
E201 Sodium sorbate
E202 Potassium sorbate
E203 Calcium sorbate
Some molds (notably some Trichoderma and Penicillium strains) and yeasts are able to detoxify sorbates by decarboxylation, producing trans-1,3-pentadiene.
The pentadiene manifests as a typical odor of kerosene or petroleum.
Other detoxification reactions include reduction to 4-hexenol and 4-hexenoic acid.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) can also be used as an additive for cold rubber, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of some plasticizers and lubricants.

Reactions
The chemical reactivity of Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is determined by the conjugated double bonds and the carboxyl group.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is brominated faster than other olefinic acids.
Reaction with hydrogen chloride gives predominately 5-chloro-3-hexenoic acid.
Reactions with amines at high temperatures under pressure lead to mixtures of dehydro-2-piperidinones.
A yellow crystalline complex is formed from sorbic acid and iron tricarbonyl.
Similar coordination occurs also in the presence of other di- and trivalent metals.
Reduction of the double bonds can produce various hexenoic acid mixtures.

Production
The traditional route to sorbic acid involves condensation of malonic acid and crotonaldehyde.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) can also be prepared from isomeric hexadienoic acids, which are available via a nickel-catalyzed reaction of allyl chloride, acetylene, and carbon monoxide.
The route used commercially, however, is from crotonaldehyde and ketene.
An estimated 30,000 tons are produced annually.

Biotechnological Production
Today, Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is produced solely by chemical synthesis.
However, fermentation and chemical synthesis might be combined to develop a new production route for sorbic acid.
In a first step, glucose would be converted to triacetic acid lactone by fermentation.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has been shown that triacetic acid lactone can be produced by genetically modified E. coli and S. cerevisiae strains.
After a separation from the fermentation broth, triacetic acid lactone would be transformed into butyl sorbate in a multistage catalyst system (catalysis-hydrogenation and solid acid catalysis). Then, butyl sorbate would be purified and hydrolyzed to sorbic acid.
Different scenarios are analyzed to evaluate the economic feasibility of such a production process.

Toxicology
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) and its salts have broad-spectrum activity against yeast and molds, but are less active against bacteria.
The antimicrobial action of Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) was discovered independently in the United States and Germany in 1939, and since the mid-1950s sorbates have been increasingly used as preservatives.
Sorbates generally have been found superior to benzoate for preservation of margarine, fish, cheese, bread, and cake.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) and its potassium salts are used in low concentrations to control mold and yeast growth in cheese products, some fish and meat products, fresh fruits, vegetables, fruit beverages, baked foods, pickles, and wines.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) is practically nontoxic.

Table 10.4 shows acute toxicity of sorbic acid and its potassium salt.
Animal studies have not shown obvious problems in tests performed with large doses for longer time periods.
When Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) (40 mg/kg/day) was injected directly into the stomach of male and female mice for 20 months, no differences were observed in survival rates, growth rates, or appetite between the injected mice and the control.
When the dose was increased to 80 mg/kg/day for three additional months, however, some growth inhibition was observed.
When potassium sorbate (1 and 2% in feed) was fed to dogs for three months, no pathological abnormalities were observed.
This evidence indicates that the subacute toxicity of sorbic acid is negligible.

As a relatively new food additive, sorbate has been subject to stringent toxicity-testing requirements.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) may well be the most intensively studied of all chemical food preservatives.
In 90-day feeding studies in rats and dogs and a lifetime feeding study in rats, a 5% dietary level of sorbates procured no observable adverse effects.
However, at a 10% dietary level in a 120- day feeding study, rats showed increased growth and increased liver weight.
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) has been attributed to the caloric value of sorbate at these high dietary levels since it can act as a substrate for normal catabolic metabolism in mammals.
Sorbates are not mutagenic or tumorigenic, and as noted previously, no reproductive toxicity has been observed.

Reactivity Profile
Sorbic Acid (C6H8O2) may discolor on exposure to light.
Can react with oxidizing agents.
Also incompatible with bases and reducing agents.
The dust may become explosive, particularly when mixed with free-radical initiators or oxidizing agents.

Sorbic acid, also known as 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural compound and a derivative of acrylic acid.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is commonly used as a food preservative to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and some bacteria in various food products.
The chemical formula for Sorbic acid (food preservative) is C6H8O2.

CAS Number: 110-44-1
EC Number: 203-768-7

2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, (E,E)-Sorbic Acid, trans,trans-Sorbic Acid, E,E-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, 2,4-Dienesorbic Acid, Hexa-2,4-dienoic Acid, Hexadienoic Acid, 2,4-Diene-1-carboxylic Acid, E-E-Sorbic Acid, E-E-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, trans-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, 2,4-Hexadienoate, 2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, trans-, Sorbic Acid (E,E), (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoate, (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, 2,4-Dieneoic Acid, (2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoic Acid, (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, trans,trans-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, E-E-2,4-Hexadienoate, (E,E)-Sorbate, (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic Acid (Salt), (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoate Ion, (E,E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoate, 2,4-Dienoic Acid, trans-2,4-Dieneoic Acid, Hexa-2,4-dienoate, (2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoate, (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoate, E,E-2,4-Hexadienoate, 2,4-Hexadienoic Acid (E,E)-Isomer, 2,4-Hexadienoic Acid, trans,trans-, (E,E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoate, trans,trans-Sorbate, Hexa-2,4-dienoate, 2,4-Dienoate, Hexadienoate, Sorbate (E,E), 2,4-Dieneoate, Hexadienoic Acid, 2,4-, Hexa-2,4-dienoic Acid, (2E,4E)



APPLICATIONS


Sorbic acid (food preservative) finds widespread application as a food preservative to inhibit the growth of molds, yeast, and bacteria in various food products.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is commonly used in the preservation of bakery goods, including bread, cakes, and pastries.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the production of cheese to prevent the development of undesirable microorganisms.

Fruit juices and fruit-based products often contain Sorbic Acid to extend their shelf life and maintain freshness.
Salad dressings and sauces utilize Sorbic Acid as a preservative to ensure stability during storage.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to beverages, such as soft drinks and fruit juices, to prevent spoilage.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the preservation of pickles and fermented foods to enhance their microbial stability.

In the cosmetic industry, Sorbic Acid is incorporated into formulations such as creams, lotions, and shampoos as a preservative.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is found in skincare products like moisturizers and serums to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Personal care items like deodorants and makeup often contain Sorbic Acid to maintain their integrity.
Pharmaceutical products, including some medications and topical ointments, may use Sorbic Acid for preservation.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the production of certain pharmaceutical syrups to enhance their stability.
Its antimicrobial properties make Sorbic Acid a valuable ingredient in the preservation of liquid soaps and detergents.
In the dairy industry, Sorbic Acid is utilized in the preservation of yogurt and other cultured products.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to fruit-based jams and jellies to prevent the growth of mold and yeast.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the production of wine to inhibit the development of spoilage microorganisms.
Some meat and poultry products may incorporate Sorbic Acid to extend their shelf life.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is a common preservative in the production of canned and bottled fruits and vegetables.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the preservation of mayonnaise and other condiments to prevent microbial contamination.
In the confectionery industry, it is utilized in the preservation of candies and sweet treats.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is found in pet foods to prevent the growth of microorganisms that could lead to spoilage.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to salad mixes and pre-cut vegetables to maintain their freshness and prevent decay.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the production of gelatin-based desserts to extend their storage life.
In the brewing industry, it may be employed in certain beer formulations to prevent bacterial contamination.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is a versatile preservative, playing a crucial role in maintaining the quality and safety of a wide range of consumer products.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of salad greens and fresh-cut vegetables to prevent microbial spoilage.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) finds application in the preservation of concentrated fruit juices and fruit concentrates used in various beverage formulations.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to dairy-based desserts like puddings and custards to enhance their shelf life.

In the brewing industry, it is employed to maintain the microbiological stability of certain malt extracts and brewing adjuncts.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is often included in the formulation of refrigerated dough products, such as pizza dough and croissants.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the preservation of herbal teas and other botanical-infused beverages.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) may be found in the preservative blends used in the manufacturing of flavored syrups for beverages.
Ready-to-eat meals and convenience foods may incorporate Sorbic Acid to extend their refrigerated or frozen storage life.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of dried fruits to prevent the growth of mold during storage.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the preservation of canned and bottled seafood products.
In the pharmaceutical industry, it may be used in the preservation of liquid formulations such as oral suspensions.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to some cosmetic and personal care products, including body washes and hand sanitizers, to prevent microbial contamination.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of ethnic and specialty foods, including pickled vegetables and sauces.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) may be included in the formulation of marinated products to maintain their quality during refrigerated storage.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the preservation of frozen desserts such as ice cream and sorbet.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the preservation of non-alcoholic beverages, including fruit-flavored drinks and sports beverages.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) may find application in the preservation of plant-based and vegan food products.

In the production of nutritional supplements, it may be used to enhance the stability of liquid formulations.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to some baby food products to ensure their microbiological safety.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) may be employed in the preservation of concentrated broths and soup bases used in the food industry.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is found in the preservative systems of some pet care products, including shampoos and grooming solutions.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of sauces and condiments used in fast-food and restaurant establishments.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the preservation of pre-packaged salads and fresh-cut herbs.
In the bakery industry, it may be employed in the production of frozen dough products.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is a versatile preservative with applications spanning various industries, contributing to the longevity and safety of a diverse range of products.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the preservation of refrigerated and shelf-stable dairy-based dips and spreads.
In the production of instant and dehydrated soups, Sorbic Acid may be used to enhance microbial stability.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of processed and packaged meat products, including sausages and deli meats.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) finds application in the production of fruit-based gel snacks and fruit preparations.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Sorbic Acid is used in the preservation of liquid vitamins and dietary supplements.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to the formulations of hair care products such as shampoos and conditioners to prevent microbial growth.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the preservation of ready-to-eat grain and cereal products.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the production of frozen and refrigerated pasta products to ensure their microbiological stability.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) may be found in the preservative systems of liquid and cream-based makeup products.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of plant-based protein products, including tofu and plant-based burgers.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to certain health and wellness beverages to prevent spoilage during storage.

In the production of pet treats and chews, Sorbic Acid contributes to their shelf life.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) may be used in the preservation of fermented food products like kimchi and sauerkraut.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the preservation of concentrated fruit purees used in the food industry.
In the manufacturing of nutritional bars and snacks, it may be used to enhance product stability.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is added to some personal care items like wet wipes to prevent bacterial and fungal contamination.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of flavored syrups used in the production of shaved ice and snow cones.
In the confectionery industry, it may be used in the production of gummy candies and chewy treats.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) finds application in the preservation of dairy-based and plant-based yogurt alternatives.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is employed in the production of frozen pastry and dessert items, including turnovers and strudels.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) may be added to the formulations of facial cleansers and skincare masks for microbial stability.

In the production of sauces and marinades, Sorbic Acid contributes to their extended shelf life.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is utilized in the preservation of packaged and ready-to-eat seafood products.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) may find application in the production of infant formulas to ensure product safety.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is used in the preservation of flavored and infused cooking oils for consumer use.



DESCRIPTION


Sorbic acid, also known as 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural compound and a derivative of acrylic acid.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is commonly used as a food preservative to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and some bacteria in various food products.
The chemical formula for Sorbic acid (food preservative) is C6H8O2.

In the context of food preservation, sorbic acid and its salts, such as potassium sorbate and calcium sorbate, are often employed due to their effectiveness in preventing the spoilage of food items.
They are particularly useful in the preservation of products with a low pH, such as acidic foods and beverages.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is a natural compound with a distinct sweet and slightly fruity odor.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is a six-carbon compound with a chemical structure that includes a conjugated double bond.
The colorless Sorbic acid (food preservative) is soluble in water to a limited extent but readily dissolves in organic solvents.
Known for its antimicrobial properties, Sorbic Acid is a popular food preservative.

Its molecular formula, C6H8O2, reflects its six-carbon chain and double bond structure.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is commonly used to inhibit the growth of molds, yeast, and bacteria in various food products.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is an unsaturated fatty acid that plays a crucial role in extending the shelf life of perishable goods.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is often utilized in the preservation of acidic foods and beverages.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) is effective in preventing the spoilage of products with a low pH, such as fruit juices and sauces.
With its natural origin, Sorbic Acid is generally considered safe for consumption in regulated quantities.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is also used in cosmetic and personal care products as a preservative to maintain product stability.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) disrupts the cellular function of microorganisms, preventing their growth and proliferation.
In the form of its salts, such as potassium sorbate, it is widely employed in food processing industries.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) has a relatively low toxicity, enhancing its suitability for various applications.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) has a long history of safe use and is approved by food safety authorities around the world.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is an essential ingredient in the production of certain cheeses to prevent unwanted microbial growth.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) is known for its stability under a range of environmental conditions.

Its effectiveness as a preservative extends to both synthetic and naturally derived cosmetic formulations.
Due to its mild flavor, Sorbic Acid does not significantly alter the taste of preserved food products.

Sorbic acid (food preservative) and its derivatives are subject to regulatory guidelines, ensuring their safe use in the food industry.
In addition to food and cosmetics, it is used in pharmaceuticals to preserve the stability of medications.
Sorbic acid (food preservative)'s antimicrobial action makes it valuable in the preservation of personal care items.

Sorbic acid (food preservative)'s application in preventing microbial contamination contributes to food safety and quality.
Its stability in various formulations makes Sorbic Acid a reliable choice for diverse industrial applications.
Sorbic acid (food preservative) exemplifies the balance between effective preservation and minimal impact on product characteristics.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C6H8O2
IUPAC Name: (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid
Molecular Weight: 112.13 g/mol
Structure: Sorbic Acid has a six-carbon chain with conjugated double bonds, giving it its unsaturated nature.


Physical Properties:

Physical State: Sorbic Acid is a white crystalline powder at room temperature.
Odor: It has a distinct sweet and slightly fruity odor.
Taste: The compound is virtually tasteless.
Solubility: Sorbic Acid is sparingly soluble in water but dissolves readily in organic solvents.


Stability:

Stability in Air: Stable under normal atmospheric conditions.
Stability in Light: Generally stable under normal light conditions.
Stability in Heat: Stable under moderate heat conditions.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air.
If respiratory irritation or difficulty breathing occurs, seek medical attention.
If breathing is difficult, provide artificial respiration.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area with plenty of water and mild soap.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting the upper and lower eyelids occasionally.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Provide medical personnel with information about the amount ingested and the individual's overall health.


Notes to Medical Personnel:

Treat symptoms and provide supportive care.
If large amounts are ingested, consider the potential for gastrointestinal irritation and monitor for signs of respiratory distress.
In case of skin irritation, offer symptomatic treatment.
In case of eye exposure, immediate and thorough irrigation is crucial.


General Advice:

Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the chemical involved and have access to safety data sheets.
If providing first aid, wear appropriate personal protective equipment to avoid exposure.
Advise seeking medical attention for any symptoms or concerns.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety goggles, when handling Sorbic Acid.
Use protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
If necessary, use respiratory protection in accordance with applicable regulations.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid skin and eye contact with Sorbic Acid.
Take precautions to prevent inhalation of dust or vapors.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling Sorbic Acid.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where the substance is handled.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Clean up spills promptly, using appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain and collect spilled material using non-combustible absorbent materials.

Storage Compatibility:
Store Sorbic Acid away from incompatible materials, including strong acids and bases.
Separate from reactive substances.

Labeling:
Ensure proper labeling of containers, indicating the content and any relevant hazard information.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Sorbic Acid in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed to prevent contamination.

Temperature Control:
Avoid exposure to excessive heat or direct sunlight.
Maintain storage temperatures within the specified range.

Containers:
Use suitable containers made of compatible materials to store Sorbic Acid.
Ensure containers are properly labeled and sealed.

Protection from Physical Damage:
Store Sorbic Acid away from areas where physical damage or impact could occur.
Protect containers from damage to prevent spills or leaks.

Incompatibility:
Be aware of the incompatibility of Sorbic Acid with certain materials, and store it separately.
Keep away from open flames, heat sources, and oxidizing agents.

Handling Precautions:
Implement good industrial hygiene practices when handling Sorbic Acid.
Use appropriate engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Shelf Life:
Check the shelf life of Sorbic Acid and use older stock first to ensure freshness and efficacy.
Rotate stock based on storage duration.

Security Measures:
Implement appropriate security measures to prevent unauthorized access to Sorbic Acid storage areas.

Emergency Procedures:
Ensure that emergency procedures are in place, including measures for spill control and containment.

Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) works by stopping mold, yeast, and fungi from growing.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) prevents fermentation from occurring longer than required in beverages like sweet or semi-sweet wine.


CAS Number: 24634-61-5
EC Number: 246-376-1
E number: E200 (preservatives)
Chemical formula: C6H7O2K



SYNONYMS:
(2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, Potassium Sorbate, (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid potassium salt, Sorbic acid potassium salt, E 202, E 202 (preservative), K 60/95, PO 300, Potassium (E,E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate, Potassium sorbate, Sorbic acid potassium salt, potassium 2,4-hexadienoate, E 200 - 202



Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate), or 2,4-hexadienoic acid, is a natural organic compound used as a food preservative.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has the chemical formula CH3(CH)4CO2H and the structure H3C−CH=CH−CH=CH−C(=O)OH.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is a colourless solid that is slightly soluble in water and sublimes readily.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) was first isolated from the unripe berries of the Sorbus aucuparia (rowan tree), hence its name.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is derived from rowan, or mountain ash, tree berries.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is also popularly used throughout the world in foods, drinks, and personal care products for over 50 years.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) works by stopping mold, yeast, and fungi from growing.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) prevents fermentation from occurring longer than required in beverages like sweet or semi-sweet wine.


The fermentation process of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is stopped by preventing bacteria from dividing into new yeast cells.
As mentioned before, potassium sorbate is one of the salts found in Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate).
Both the FDA and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have determined potassium sorbate “generally regarded as safe” (GRAS).


The salt preserves food without changing the quality, taste, smell, texture, or appearance.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) also does not accumulate in the body and passes through the system harmlessly.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) was first derived from berries in 1859, but the antimicrobial power wasn’t realized until around 1940.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate)’s colorless and slightly water-soluble and while it is an organic matter, most Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) available on the market today is produced synthetically by processing ketene and crotonaldehyde.
With the ability to control acid levels, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) enhances both flavor and color.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is one kind of nonsuturated fatty acid compounds.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) can effectively restrain the activity of mold, yeast, and aerophile bacteria.
For instance, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is sometimes added to wine as a preservative and stabilizer.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) contains an (E,E)-sorbate.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is not a bactericide.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is metabolized by certain bacteria and has a characteristic "geranium" taste.
For this reason, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate)'s presence in wine does not make it possible to remove SO2.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is a highly efficient, and nonpoisonous food preservatives .


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) generally is an effective inhibitor of most molds and yeasts and some bacteria .
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is a highly efficient, and nonpoisonous food preservatives .
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) generally is an effective inhibitor of most molds and yeasts and some bacteria.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is available as a white powder that dissolves easily in water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: wood preservation.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is approved in the EEA and/or Switzerland for use in biocidal products more favourable for the environment, human or animal health.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in the following products: plant protection products, cosmetics and personal care products and washing & cleaning products.


Other release to the environment of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in the following products: plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing.


Other release to the environment of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) inhibits yeast and mold growth and is utilized in both food and skin products.
When used in food, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) helps keep the food fresh long enough to be distributed and stored throughout the world.


The United States Food and Drug Administration considers Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) to be safe for regular use.
As an antimicrobial agent, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used as a preservative in food and drinks.
The salts in it are usually preferred over Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) itself when it comes to food and beverage applications because they are more soluble in water.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) salts are sodium sorbate, calcium sorbate, and potassium sorbate.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) can also be used as an additive for cold rubber, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of some plasticizers and lubricants.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used as a preservative.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) whose anti-fungal properties inhibit the spread of yeast.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in the following products: plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in the following fields: agriculture, forestry and fisheries.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used in machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints, coatings or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used for research use only.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is commonly used food preservatives.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is used extensively in food, drink, and vegetables in soy.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is widely used preservative in food and cosmetics
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is the potassium salt of sorbic acid.
In food technology, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is primarily used as a preservative to extend the shelf life of food.


Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is a safe, proven, and widely used additive that is a component in a variety of products.
The preserving effect of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has also been utilized by the cosmetics industry, which uses the additive in personal care products to make them last longer.


Pharmaceuticals also often contain Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate).
Common applications of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate): Candies, pastry, biscuits, mayonnaise, marmalade, refreshments, tonic and energetic drinks, butter, margarine, yogurts, dairy products, sweeteners, dried fruits, olives, meat products, sauces, egg white


-Use of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) in Food:
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is a preservative that is used in a variety of foods to increase their shelf life.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is widely used in the food industry and inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as yeast, mold, and bacteria.

For Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) to be particularly effective, an acidic pH value should be present.
This can be achieved, for example, by using citric acid or ascorbic acid, which is why potassium sorbate is often used in combination with other acids.


-Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is typically added to the following foods:
*Meat substitutes
*Sauces
*Marinades
*Jams
*Spreads
*Yogurt
*Dried fruit
*Beverages
*Margarine
*Baked goods
*Mayonnaise
*Deli salads
Food additives such as Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) also act as antioxidants.
As an antioxidant, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) can inhibit the formation of free radicals, which have a cell-damaging effect.



PROPERTIES AND USES OF SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
With a pKa of 4.76, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is about as acidic as acetic acid.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) and its salts, especially potassium sorbate and calcium sorbate, are antimicrobial agents often used as preservatives in food and drinks to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.

In general the salts are preferred over the acid form because they are more soluble in water, but the active form is the acid.
The optimal pH for the antimicrobial activity is below pH 6.5. Sorbates are generally used at concentrations of 0.025% to 0.10%.
Adding sorbate salts to food will, however, raise the pH of the food slightly so the pH may need to be adjusted to assure safety.

Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is found in foods such as various kinds of cheese, bread, muffins, donuts, pies, cookies, protein bars, syrups, lemonades, fruit juices, dried meats, sausages, nuggets, burgers, sandwiches, tacos, pizzas, smoked fish, margarine, sauces, soups, and more.
Some molds (notably some Trichoderma and Penicillium strains) and yeasts are able to detoxify sorbates by decarboxylation, producing trans-1,3-pentadiene.

The pentadiene manifests as a typical odor of kerosene or petroleum.
Other detoxification reactions include reduction to 4-hexenol and 4-hexenoic acid.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) appears as white crystals or powder.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has a characteristic odor.



SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE) OF ADVANTAGES OVER OTHER PRESERVATIVES OF SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
Advantages over Other Preservatives
Unlike other preservatives, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has a neutral taste and smell, which means that the flavors and aromas of food products are not affected.

Another major advantage of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is that it is considered safe for human consumption.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has low toxicity and has been classified as safe by the World Health Organization and the European Food Safety Authority.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) has no harmful effects on the human body, if it is consumed within recommended doses.



PRODUCTION OF SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
The traditional route to Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) involves condensation of malonic acid and crotonaldehyde.
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) can also be prepared from isomeric hexadienoic acids, which are available via a nickel-catalyzed reaction of allyl chloride, acetylene, and carbon monoxide.

The route used commercially, however, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) is from crotonaldehyde and ketene.
An estimated 30,000 tons of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) are produced annually.



HISTORY OF SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) was isolated in 1859 by distillation of rowanberry oil by A. W. von Hofmann.
This affords parasorbic acid, the lactone of Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate), which he converted to sorbic acid by hydrolysis.

Its antimicrobial activities were discovered in the late 1930s and 1940s, and it became commercially available in the late 1940s and 1950s.
Beginning in the 1980s, Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) and its salts were used as inhibitors of Clostridium botulinum in meat products to replace the use of nitrites, which can produce carcinogenic nitrosamines.



TO CALCULATE THE AMOUNT OF SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE) IN FOOD:
*Prepare the food sample by homogenizing and weighing an appropriate portion size.
*Extract Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) from the sample using an appropriate solvent, such as water or ethanol.
*Analyze the extract using a chromatographic technique like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC).
*This will separate and quantify the individual preservative compounds.
*Compare the measured concentrations to reference standards to determine the amounts of potassium sorbate and Sorbic acid (Potassium sorbate) present in the food sample.
*Express the results as milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) or parts per million (ppm) of the food sample.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
Chemical Formula: C6H8O2
Molar Mass: 112.128 g·mol−1
Density: 1.204 g/cm³
Melting Point: 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)
Boiling Point: 228 °C (442 °F; 501 K)
Solubility in Water: 1.6 g/L at 20 °C
Acidity (pKa): 4.76 at 25 °C
Additive Name: Sorbic acid - potassium sorbate (SA)

Synonym Name(s):
E No.: E 200 - 202
Molecular Weight: 150.22 g/mol
Formula: C6H7KO2
CAS No.: 24634-61-5
Appearance: Solid
Color: White to off-white
SMILES: C/C=C/C=C/C([O-])=O.[K+]
Structure Classification: Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source: Plants, other families, Endogenous metabolite



FIRST AID MEASURES of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SORBIC ACID (POTASSIUM SORBATE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

SORBITAN COCOATE N° CAS : 68154-36-9 Nom INCI : SORBITAN COCOATE N° EINECS/ELINCS : 268-910-2 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile)

DESCRIPTION:

Sorbitan Caprylate is a monoester of fatty acids (caprylic acid) and sorbitol.
Sorbitan Caprylate is a substance with several uses.
In addition to being a hydrotrope, Sorbitan Caprylate also functions as a co-emulsifier, stabilizing emulsions.


CAS Number: 60177-36-8
EINECS/ELINCS No: 262-098-3
Chem/IUPAC Name: [(1R)-1-[(3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] octanoate



Additionally, Sorbitan Caprylate may aid in increasing viscosity.
Furthermore, Sorbitan Caprylate increases the efficiency of conventional preservatives


Sorbitan Caprylate is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent that contains a synergistic mixture of benzoic acid in SC and propanediol.
Sorbitan Caprylate is Ecocert certified, making it ideal for preserving natural cosmetics.
Sorbitan Caprylate provides activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, yeast and mold.
Sorbitan Caprylate is a monoester of caprylic acid and hexitol anhydrides derived fromsorbitol.

Sorbitan Caprylate is a multifunctional ingredient.
Sorbitan Caprylate is not only known as a hydrotrope but also as a co-emulsifier helping to stabilise emulsions.
In addition, Sorbitan Caprylate can help to build up viscosity.
While this effect in leave-on formulations is dependent on the chosen system, the viscosity increasing ability of Sorbitan Caprylate in surfactant based systems is high.

Sorbitan Caprylate can help to increase the viscosity of a formulation and it can act as an emulsifier.
Sorbitan Caprylate assists the efficacy of preserving agents in a synergistic manner.
Lower use concentrations of preserving agents can be used without lowering the efficacy.


Sorbitan Caprylate is 100 % renewable, natural derived preservative booster, which is not listed as a preservative and can be used globally and as a multifunctional co-emulsifying agent for cosmetic formulations.


Sorbitan caprylate is a Monoester of caprylic acid and hexitol anhydrides derived from sorbitol.
Sorbitan caprylate uses and applications include: Emulsifier for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, foods; antistat; emulsion stabilizer, thickener; fiber lubricantsoftener for textiles


USES OF SORBITAN CAPRYLATE:
The Sorbitan Fatty Acid Esters function as surfactants, emulsifying agents in cosmetics.
These are used in a variety of products including skin care products, moisturizers, cleansing products, and eye and facial makeup.
Its maximum use concentration in leave-on and rinse-off products has been found to be 1-1.5% and 1% respectively.

Facial care:
Sorbitan Caprylate can serve as an emulsifier and aid in making a formulation more viscous.
Sorbitan Caprylate works in tandem with preserving agents to increase their effectiveness.
Sorbitan Caprylate works well with organic acids and aromatic alcohols.

Preserving agents can be used at lower concentrations without losing any of their effectiveness.
Sorbitan Caprylate is a natural-based thickener with emollient properties
Baby care:
Sorbitan Caprylate works as an emulsifier cum emollient and benefits the skin.
Sorbitan Caprylate boosts the effectiveness of traditional preservatives and allows for using lower amounts of preservatives

ORIGIN OF SORBITAN CAPRYLATE:
Typically, sorbitol is dehydrated to create hexitan, which is then esterified with the desired fatty acid, in this case, caprylic acid, to create sorbitan fatty acid esters like Sorbitan caprylate.


WHAT DOES SORBITAN CAPRYLATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
• Emulsifying
• Emulsion stabilising
• Surfactant



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SORBITAN CAPRYLATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product





CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SORBITAN CAPRYLATE:
Boiling Point 317°C
Melting Point -10°C
pH 5.0-7.0
Solubility Soluble in water
XlogP3-AA: 0.90 (est)
Molecular Weight: 290.35642000
Formula: C14 H26 O6
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 475.14 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 343.00 °F. TCC ( 172.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.347 (est)
Soluble in water, 1348 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is a monoester of fatty acids (caprylic acid) and sorbitol.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is a substance with several uses.
In addition to being a hydrotrope, Sorbitan Caprylate also functions as a co-emulsifier, stabilizing emulsions.

CAS: 60177-36-8
MF: C14H26O6
MW: 290.35264
EINECS: 262-098-3

Additionally, Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) may aid in increasing viscosity.
Furthermore, Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) increases the efficiency of conventional preservatives.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is a mixture of isomeric organic compounds derived from the dehydration of sorbitol and is an intermediate in the conversion of sorbitol to isosorbide.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is primarily used in the production of surfactants such as polysorbates; which are important emulsifying agents, with a total annual demand of more than 10000 tons in 2012.

Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is also known as caprylic acid.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) has a role as an antibacterial agent, a human metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid.
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is a conjugate acid of an octanoate.

Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 16 °C
Boiling point: 237 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.91 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 5 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 78 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.428(lit.)
FEMA: 2799 | OCTANOIC ACID
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 20-25°C
Solubility: 0.68g/l
Pka: 4.89(at 25℃)
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.910 (20/4℃)
Color: Clear colorless to yellow
PH: 3.97(1 mM solution);3.45(10 mM solution);2.95(100 mM solution);
Odor: unpleasant odor
PH Range: 3.5
Odor Type: fatty
Explosive limit: 1%(V)
Water Solubility: 0.68 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,1765
JECFA Number: 99
BRN: 1747180
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with bases, reducing agents, oxidizing agents. Flammable.
LogP: 3.05 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 124-07-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) (124-07-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) (124-07-2)

Synthesis
Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is produced by the dehydration of sorbitol and is an intermediate in the conversion of sorbitol to isosorbide.
The dehydration reaction usually produces Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) as a mixture of five- and six-membered cyclic ethers (1,4-anhydrosorbitol, 1,5-anhydrosorbitol and 1,4,3,6-dianhydrosorbitol) with the five-membered 1,4-anhydrosorbitol form being the dominant product.
The rate of formation of Sorbitan Caprylate (Special) is typically greater than that of isosorbide, which allows it to be produced selectively, providing the reaction conditions are carefully controlled.
The dehydration reaction has been shown to work even in the presence of excess water.

Synonyms
Sorbitan, monooctanoate
EINECS 262-098-3
60177-36-8
[(1R)-1-[(3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] octanoate
UNII-1VTA8DCP5Q
DTXSID80975601
1,4-Anhydro-5-O-octanoylhexitol
LS-184543

SORBITAN DIOLEATE N° CAS : 29116-98-1 Nom INCI : SORBITAN DIOLEATE N° EINECS/ELINCS : 249-448-0 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile)

SORBITAN DISTEARATE N° CAS : 36521-89-8 Nom INCI : SORBITAN DISTEARATE N° EINECS/ELINCS : 253-084-8 Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau

SORBITAN ISOSTEARATE N° CAS : 71902-01-7 Nom INCI : SORBITAN ISOSTEARATE N° EINECS/ELINCS : 276-171-2 Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile)

SORBITAN LAURATE; N° CAS : 1338-39-2; Nom INCI : SORBITAN LAURATE; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 215-663-3/931-434-7; Noms français : MONODODECANOATE DE SORBITANNE; MONOLAURATE DE SORBITANNE. Noms anglais : SORBITAN LAURATE; SORBITAN MONOLAURATE; SORBITAN, MONODODECANOATE; SORBITAN, MONOLAURATE. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Agent dispersant. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). (2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl dodecanoate; 1,4-anhydro-6-O-dodecanoyl-D-glucitol; Dodecanoic acid [2-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-tetrahydrofuranyl]-2-hydroxyethyl] ester; NONION LP-20R; SML; Sorbitan monododecanoate. Trade names; (4ξ)-1,4-Anhydro-6-O-dodecanoyl-D-xylo-hexitol [German] ; (4ξ)-1,4-Anhydro-6-O-dodecanoyl-D-xylo-hexitol [ACD/IUPAC Name]; (4ξ)-1,4-Anhydro-6-O-dodecanoyl-D-xylo-hexitol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 1338-39-2 [RN]; 5959-89-7 [RN]; D-GLUCITOL, 1,4-ANHYDRO-, 6-DODECANOATE ; D-xylo-Heξtol, 1,4-anhydro-6-O-(1-oxododecyl)-, (4ξ)- [ACD/Index Name]; Sorbitan, monododecanoate; Sorbitan laurate; sorbitan monolaurate

cas : 1338-39-2, cas : 1338-39-2, Monolaurate de sorbitane, E493, Le monolaurate de sorbitane est un émulsifiant. Il est employé dans le même type de denrées alimentaires que le monostéarate de sorbitane (E491), marmelades et gelées en plus.Exemples de produits d'emploi: Produits laitiers fermentés aromatisés, sauces, produits de boulangerie, confiseries, chewing-gum, crèmes glacées, alimentation destinée à des fins médicales spéciales, produits de régime, levure de boulanger, compléments alimentaires, gelées et marmelades notamment. Sorbitan laurate; Sorbitan monolaurate; Sorbitan, monododecanoate; SML; Sorbitan monododecanoate; Noms français : MONODODECANOATE DE SORBITANNE MONOLAURATE DE SORBITANNE Noms anglais : SORBITAN LAURATE SORBITAN MONOLAURATE SORBITAN, MONODODECANOATE SORBITAN, MONOLAURATE Utilisation et sources d'émission Agent dispersant

SYNONYMS Sorbitan Monolaurate; Sorbitan Monoldodecanoate;CAS NO. 1338-39-2

cas no 1338-43-8 Span 80; Sorbitan, mono-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate; Arlacel 80; 1,4-anhydro-6-O-[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-D-glucitol;

EC / List no.: 215-665-4; CAS no.: 1338-43-8; Mol. formula: C24H44O6; Sorbitane monooleate, sorbitan oleate, Sorbitan oleate; Span 80; Arlacel 80 Span 80; SORBITAN OLEATE; Sorbitan, mono-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate; 1,4-anhydro-6-O-[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-D-glucitol; Glycomul O; Sorbitan O; Alkamuls SMO; Armotan MO; Dehymuls SMO; Lonzest SMO; Kosteran O 1; Crill 4; Sorbester P 17; Disponil 100; Montan 80; Newcol 80; Nonion OP80R; Sorgen 40İ Sorgen 40A; Montane 80 VGA; Radiasurf 7155; Rheodol AO 10; Atmer 05 ; Emasol 410; Emasol O 10; Emasol O 10; Kemmat S 80; Nikkol SO 10; Nikkol SO-15; Rheodol SP-O 10; Rikemal O 250; Sorbitan, mono-9-octadecenoate, (Z)-; Sorbon S 80; Ionet S-80; Emsorb 2500; Sorbitan oleate;S 271 (surfactant); CAS-1338-43-8; Nissan Nonion OP 80R; Anhydrosorbitol monooleate; Monodehydrosorbitol monooleate; Sorbitan monooleic acid ester; Sorbitani oleas [INN-Latin]; Sorbitan, mono-9-octadecenoate; ML 55F; MO 33F; S-MAX 80; Oleate de sorbitan [INN-French]; Oleato de sorbitano [INN-Spanish]; Sorbitani oleas; EINECS 215-665-4; Oleate de sorbitan; Oleato de sorbitano; S 80; Sorbitan esters, mono(Z)-9-octadecenoate; 1,4-Anhydro-D-glucitol, 6-(9-octadecenoate); Span-80; D-Glucitol, 1,4-anhydro-, 6-(9-octadecenoate); Mannide monooleate, liquid; Dianhydromannitol monooleate; Span(R) 80, for GC; Mannide monooleate, from plant; Sorbitan monooleate [USAN:NF]; Sorbitan monooleate. (Compound usually contains also associated fatty acids.); Span(R) 80, nonionic surfactant; 1,4-Anhydro-D-glucitol 6-oleate; Sorbitan monooleate, SAJ ; Noms français : MONOOLEATE DE SORBITANNE Noms anglais : MONODEHYDROSORBITOL MONOOLEATE SORBITAN MONO-9-OCTADECENOATE SORBITAN MONOOLEATE SORBITAN MONOOLEIC ACID ESTER SORBITAN OLEATE SORBITAN, MONOOLEATE Utilisation et sources d'émission Agent dispersant

cas no 9005-66-7 Tween® 40; POE (20) sorbitan monopalmitate; Polysorbate 40; Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monopalmitate;

SYNONYMS D-Glucitol, anhydro-, monohexadecanoate; Span 40; Anhydrosorbitol Palmitate; Sorbitan monohexadecanoate; Sorbitan Monopalmitate;Sorbitol, Fatty acid CAS NO. 26266-57-9

cas no 1338-41-6 Span 60; Sorbitan stearate;

SYNONYMS D-Glucitol, anhydro-, monooctadecanoate; Anhydrosorbitol Stearate; Sorbitan, monooctadecanoate; Sorbitan Monostearate;CAS NO. 1338-41-6

SORBITAN OLIVATE N° CAS : 223706-40-9 "Bien" dans toutes les catégories. Nom INCI : SORBITAN OLIVATE Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile)

SORBITAN PALMATE Nom INCI : SORBITAN PALMATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion

SYNONYMS D-Glucitol, anhydro-, monooctadecanoate; Anhydrosorbitol Stearate; Sorbitan, monooctadecanoate; Sorbitan Monostearate; CAS NO. 1338-41-6

POE (20) sorbitan monostearate; Polysorbate 60; Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate; cas no: 9005-67-8

SORBITAN TRIOLEATE; N° CAS : 26266-58-0; Nom INCI : SORBITAN TRIOLEATE; Nom chimique : Anhydro-D-glucitol trioleate; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 247-569-3; Noms français : SORBITAN, TRI-9-OCTADECENOATE, (Z,Z,Z)-; TRIOLEATE DE SORBITANNE. Noms anglais : SORBITAN TRIOLEATE; SORBITAN, TRIOLEATE. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Agent dispersant; Anhydro-D-glucitol trioleate; Sorbitan trioleate. CAS names: Sorbitan, tri-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate. IUPAC names: (2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4-bis[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]oxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate (2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]oxolan-2-yl]ethyl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate; 1,4-anhydro-2,3,6-tri-O-oleoyl-L-iditol; [(2R)-2-[(3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxyethyl] (Z)-octadec-9-enoate; Kosteran-O/3 VL ;Reaction products of oleic acid and sorbitol; Span 85 (=Sorbitan Trioleate). Trade names: sorbitan trioleate; Registration dossie; 1,4-Anhydro-2,6-di-O--(9Z)-9-octadecenoyl-3-O-oleoyl-D-glucitol ; 1,4-Anhydro-2,6-di-O--(9Z)-9-octadecenoyl-3-O-oleoyl-D-glucitol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 1,4-Anhydro-2,6-di-O--(9Z)-9-octadecenoyl-3-O-oleoyl-D-glucitol [French] 247-569-3 [EINECS]; 26266-58-0 [RN]; D-Glucitol, 1,4-anhydro-2,6-bis-O-[(9Z)-1-oxo-9-octadecen-1-yl]-3-O-(1-oxo-9-octadecen-1-yl)- [ACD/Index Name]; MFCD00133820 [MDL number] ; Sorbitane trioleate [MDL number]; Span(R) 85. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile)

SORBITAN TRISTEARATE; N° CAS : 26658-19-5; Nom INCI : SORBITAN TRISTEARATE; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 247-891-4. Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS). Ses fonctions (INCI); Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile); Anhydrosorbitol tristearate; Sorbitan tristearate ; Sorbitan, trioctadecanoate; Sorbitani tristearas; Triestearato de sorbitano; Tristearate de sorbitan

Synonyms: SORBITAN TRISTEARATE;SORBITANE TRISTEARATE;SPAN(R) 65;SPAN 65;SPAN(TM) 65;POE(4) SORBITAN TRISTEARATE;emulsifier(s65);EMALEX EG-2854-S CAS: 26658-19-5

Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a light cream to tan-coloured, hard, waxy solid with a slight characteristic odor and bland taste.


CAS Number: 26658-19-5
EC Number: 247-891-4
Chem/IUPAC Name: Sorbitan tristearate
Molecular Formula: C60H114O8



SYNONYMS:
Sorbitan esters of fatty acids, Sorbitan esters, Sorbitan trioctadecanoate, Anhydrosorbitan tristearate, Octadecanoic acid [(2R,3S,4R)-2-[1,2-bis(1-oxooctadecoxy)ethyl]-4-hydroxy-3-tetrahydrofuranyl] ester, Sorbitan trioctadecanoate, E492, Anhydrosorbitan tristearate, Anhydrosorbitol tristearate,
Span 65, SPAN 65, SPAN(R) 65, Span™SPAN(TM) 65, The span 65, EmulsifierS65, Lonzest(R) STS, emulsifier(s65), EMALEX EG-2854-S, Sorbitantristearat,



Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a creamish powder, with a neutral odor and taste, that is produced from raw materials derived from vegetable origin.
Finester Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is an emulsifier, and also an anti-bloom agent in chocolates, and a anti-crystallizing agent in palm oil and cooking oils.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is an ideal multi-functional additive in ice cream, chewing gum, coffee, shortening, margarine, cream and lotion and plastid films.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a nonionic surfactant.


As a food additive, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) has the E number E492.
The consistency of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is waxy; its color is light cream to tan.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is produced by the esterification of Sorbitol with commercial edible fatty acids and consists of approximately 95% of a mixture of the esters of Sorbitol and its mono and di-anhydrides.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a light cream to tan coloured, hard, waxy solid with a slight characteristic odour and bland taste.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a partial ester of stearic acid with sorbitol and its monoanhydrides and dianhydrides.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is derived from naturally renewable resources.


Sorbitan Esters are soluble or dispersible in oil as they form "water in oil" emulsions.
Sorbitan Esters are soluble in most organic solvents, and dispersible in water.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is non flammable.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a light cream to tan-coloured, hard, waxy solid with a slight characteristic odor and bland taste.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is insoluble in cold water and dispersible in edible oils.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is produced by the esterification of Sorbitol with commercial edible fatty acids and consists of approximately 95% of a mixture of the esters of Sorbitol and its mono and di-anhydrides.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) , also known as Span 65, a nonionic surfactant that can be used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in food with the European food additive number E492.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS)'s main functions are to retard fat bloom in chocolates and prevent cloudy appearance in cooking oils.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used as chocolate anti-bloom agent.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a low HLB surfactant suggested for use in cosmetic formulations (w/o emulsifier), household products (w/o emulsifier, viscosity modifier) and textile chemicals (emulsifier).


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is an emulsifier and alternate for sorbitan stearate.
Margarine and Low-fat spreads uses of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS): Prevents crystal formation and subsequent sandiness in margarines and spreads.
Vegetable Oils uses of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS): Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) reduces cloud point in vegetable oils with a high stearin content


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is variously used as a dispersing agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer, in food and in aerosol sprays.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used as emulsifier and stabilizer in candy,ice cream,biscuits and other industry.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is also suitable for many kind of processing: bread, cheese, chocolate, etc.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used as well as for natural leavened pastry such as Panettone, Croissants and Brioches.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used in shortening, chocolate, spread, and so on.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is especially used for fats and oils which melting point is 32℃-34℃.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used as an anti-bloom agent in chocolates and anti-crystallizing agent in palm oil / cooking oils.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used in medicine, Cosmetics, Textiles as Emulsifier, Stabilizer.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is a lipophilic surface-active agent.


Typical applications of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS): Fine bakery wares, Toppings and coatings for fine bakery wares, Fat emulsions, Milk and cream analogues, Beverage whiteners, Liquid tea concentrates and liquid fruit and herbal infusion, concentrates, Edible ices, Desserts, Sugar confectionery, Cocoa-based confectionery, including chocolate, Emulsified sauces, Dietary food supplements, Yeast for baking, Chewing gum, Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes, Dietetic formulae for weight control, Carriers and solvents for colours and anti-foaming agents


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is often used as an emulsifier in combination with polysorbates.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is also used to modify crystallisation of fats.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS), coded E492, is particularly useful for preventing hardening of oils when storage conditions are at low temperatures.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is preferred to prevent solidification and cloudy appearance in many products that are desired to be liquid, especially frying oils.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is one of the most suitable emulsifiers that can be used for products where oil crystals maintain their place and size in the emulsion throughout the shelf life.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is created from the fusion of refined vegetable fatty acids and sorbitol.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is an excellent Anti-Blooming Agent and Emulsifier.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) seamlessly integrates into fats, compound coatings, and fillings, enhancing their properties.


Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) has application in beverage and food applications.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used as an emulsifier that can be used to retard fat bloom by preventing β’ crystals from converting to β crystals when exposed to excessive heat conditions, which tend to migrate to the chocolate surface and thus cause fat bloom.


At the same time, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) results in a negative influence on the appearance of the chocolate.
β’ crystals are unstable crystals formed by cocoa powder, which is an important ingredient in the manufacturing of chocolate.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is often used as an emulsifier in combination with polysorbates.


-Chocolates uses of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS):
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) acts as a fat crystal modifier.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is an excellent retardant of "blooming".


-Cosmetics uses of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS):
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) functions as a surfactant in cosmetics and personal care products.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS)'s concentrations typically range between 0.1% and 5% (up to 10%).


-Cooking oils uses of Sorbitan Tristearate (STS):
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) can be used as an anti-crystallization agent in cooking oils (e.g. palm oil, coconut oil) to prevent oils cloudy appearance which are formed by harden-fast fractions under colder temperatures.



WHAT ARE THE USES OF SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS) IN CHOCOLATES AND COOKING OILS?
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS), also known as Span 65, a nonionic surfactant that can be used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in food with the European food additive number E492.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS)'s main functions are to retard fat bloom in chocolates and prevent cloudy appearance in cooking oils.



FUNCTIONS OF SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
*Anti-Blooming Agent,
*Emulsifier



LABELING CLAIMS OF SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
*Halal,
*Kosher,
*Non-GMO,
*PHO (Partially Hydrogenated Oil)-Free



FEATURES OF SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
*Improved Mouthfeel,
*Improved Whiteness,
*Improves Whitening



THE FOLLOWING FOOD LIST MAY CONTAIN SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
*Bakery products
*Toppings and coatings
*Fat emulsions (e.g. spreads)
*Beverage whiteners
*Desserts
*Jam, jellies and marmalades
*Cocoa and chocolate products
*Candies
*Chocolates

Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) and lecithin are often used as surface-active substances to reduce viscosity in chocolate formulations.
In chocolate, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) adjusts sugar crystallization and appearance, also it can reduce stickiness.



IS SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS) NATURAL?
No, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is not natural as it is made from chemical synthesis, the reaction of sorbitol and stearic acid.



IS SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS) HALAL, KOSHER AND VEGAN?
Yes, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) would be halal, kosher and vegan if the raw material – stearic acid is from natural vegetable oils.
However, some manufacturing processes may use stearic acid from animal fats and oils.



WHAT DOES SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emulsifying



SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS) MAY BE PRESENT IN THE FOLLOWING PRODUCTS:
*Skin care products
*Makeup products
*Moisturizers



HOW IS SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS) MADE?
Like sorbitan monostearate, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is also made from direct esterification of sorbitol with stearic acid, but different from the former, as with three stearic acid molecules attached to sorbitan molecule in the structure.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is not a pure compound but a mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its anhydrides with edible stearic acid.


*Stearic acid
Commercial stearic acid may contain up to 48.7–50.0% palmitic acid.
The purity of food grade stearic acid depends on the raw material sources as well as the manufacturing processes.
Vegetable sourced stearic acid is the most used in the manufacturing process of sorbitan tristearate and other sorbitan esters of fatty acids.


*Sorbitol
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is produced from d-glucose which is mainly produced from maize and tapioca.



WHAT ARE THE USES OF SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS)?
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is used as a water in oil (W/O) emulsifier and when used in combination with polysorbates they can stabilize oil in water (O/W) emulsions.
The formulation of the Span/Polysorbate ratio can produce emulsifying systems with various HLB values.
Sorbitan Tristearate (STS) is mainly used as an anti-bloom agent of fat, and also maintains the color and gloss in chocolates.
When used in margarine, shortenings and cooking oils, Sorbitan Tristearate (STS)'s purpose is to keep an appealing texture.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
CAS number: 26658-19-5
Chemical formula: C60H114O8
Molecular weight: 963.54
Appearance: A light cream to tan beads or flakes or hard,
waxy solid with a slight odor
HLB: 2.1 (1)
Solubility: Not soluble in water; insoluble in methanol and ethanol;
dispersible in mineral oil and vegetable oils
Molecular Formula: C60H114O8
Molecular Weight: 963.54
HLB Value: 2.1
Character: Yellow Waxy Solid
Soluble in: Isopropanol, Tetracarp, and Xylene
Physical State: Solid
Color: Not available
Odor: Not available
Melting Point/Freezing Point: Not available
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: Not available
Flammability (Solid/Gas): Not available

Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits: Not available
Flash Point: 150.00°C - closed cup
Autoignition Temperature: Not available
Decomposition Temperature: Not available
pH: Not available
Viscosity
Kinematic: Not available
Dynamic: Not available
Water Solubility: Not available
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not available
Vapor Pressure: Not available
Density: Not available
Relative Density: Not available
Relative Vapor Density: Not available
Particle Characteristics: Not available
Explosive Properties: Not available
Oxidizing Properties: Not available
Other Safety Information: Not available

Chemical Formula: C60H114O8
Molar Mass: 963.54 g/mol
Appearance: Waxy solid
CBNumber:CB2733395
Molecular Formula:C60H114O8
Molecular Weight:963.54
MDL Number:MFCD00151165
MOL File:26658-19-5.mol
Melting Point: 53°C
Density: 0.98 g/cm3 (25°C)
Vapor Pressure: Flash Point: 150°C
Storage Temperature: Store below +30°C
Boiling Point: >100°C (1013 hPa)
InChIKey: HWKVXMKNXIZHLF-LLPUSWRMSA-N
LogP: 23.959 (estimated)
Indirect Additives Used in Food Contact Substances: Sorbitan Tristearate

CAS DataBase Reference: 26658-19-5
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 6LUM696811
EPA Substance Registry System: Sorbitan Tristearate (26658-19-5)
Appearance: Pale yellow waxy solid (estimated)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00%
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 885.00 to 886.00°C @ 760.00 mm Hg (estimated)
Flash Point: 431.00°F TCC (221.40°C) (estimated)
LogP (octanol/water): 23.959 (estimated)
Soluble in:
Water: 3.441e-019 mg/L @ 25°C (estimated)
Insoluble in:
Water
Alcohol



FIRST AID MEASURES of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains



HANDLING and STORAGE of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Normal measures for preventive fire protection.
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (STS):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Sorbitol has excellent moisture absorption capability with a low calorific value and has very wide range of effects on the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical field.
Sorbitol can be synthesized by the reduction of glucose.
Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol, also known as a polyol, that is used as a sugar substitute and a sugar-free sweetener.

CAS Number: 50-70-4
Molecular Formula: C6H14O6
Molecular Weight: 182.17
EINECS Number: 200-061-5

Sorbitol is an isomer of mannitol.
Sorbitol that occurs in rose hips and rowan berries.
Sorbitol is used to make vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and surfactants.

Sorbitol is a naturally occurring compound found in various fruits, including apples, pears, peaches, and prunes, as well as in some vegetables.
Sorbitol, CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OH, derived from glucose; it is isomeric with mannitol.
Sorbitol is found in rose hips and rowan berries and is manufactured by the catalytic reduction of glucose with hydrogen.

Sorbitol is used as a sweetener (in diabetic foods) and in the manufacture of vitamin C and various cosmetics, foodstuffs, and medicines.
Sorbitol is a non-volatile polyhydric sugar alcohol. It is chemically stable and not easily to be oxidized by air.
Sorbitol is easily soluble in water, hot ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, butanol alcohol, cyclohexanol, phenol, acetone, acetic acid and dimethyl formamide.

Sorbitol is widely distributed in nature plant fruit.
Sorbitol is not easy to be fermented by various kinds of microorganism and have a excellent heat resistance without decomposing even at high temperature (200 °C).
Sorbitol is initially separated from the mountain strawberry by the Boussingault (French) et al.

Sorbitol is also used in medicines and as a sweetener (particularly in foods for diabetics).
The pH value of the saturated aqueous solution is 6 to 7.

Sorbitol is isomer of mannitol, Taylor alcohol, and galactose alcohol.
Sorbitol has a refreshing sweet taste with sweetness being 65% of sucrose.

When applied in food, it can prevent the food drying, aging, and can extend the shelf life of products as well as effectively prevent the precipitation of sugars and salts contained in the foods and thus maintain the strength balance of sweetness, sour, bitter and enhance food flavor.
Sorbitol can be synthesize from the hydrogenation of glucose under heating and high pressure with the existence of nickel catalyst.

Sorbitol, less commonly known as glucitol (/ˈɡluːsɪtɒl/), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly.
Sorbitol can be obtained by reduction of glucose, which changes the converted aldehyde group (−CHO) to a primary alcohol group (−CH2OH).
Most sorbitol is made from potato starch, but it is also found in nature, for example in apples, pears, peaches, and prunes.

Sorbitol is converted to fructose by sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase.
Sorbitol is an isomer of mannitol, another sugar alcohol; the two differ only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2.
While similar, the two sugar alcohols have very different sources in nature, melting points, and uses.

As an over-the-counter drug, sorbitol is used as a laxative to treat constipation.
Sorbitol is a type of carbohydrate called a sugar alcohol, or polyol, which are water-soluble compounds that occur naturally in many fruits and vegetables.
Sorbitol is also commercially produced from glucose for use in packaged foods and beverages to provide sweetness, texture and moisture retention.

Sorbitol’s safety has been reviewed and confirmed by health authorities around the world, including the World Health Organization, the European Union, and the countries Australia, Canada and Japan.
While the safety of sorbitol and other sugar alcohols is well-documented, some sugar alcohols, when eaten in excessive amounts, can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including gas, bloating and diarrhea.
As a result, foods that contain the sugar alcohols sorbitol or mannitol must include a warning on their label about potential laxative effects.

Sorbitol is D-glucitol. It is a hexahydric alcohol related to mannose and is isomeric with mannitol.
Sorbitol occurs as an odorless, white or almost colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic powder.
Four crystalline polymorphs and one amorphous form of sorbitol have been identified that have slightly different physical properties, e.g. melting point.

Sorbitol is available in a wide range of grades and polymorphic forms, such as granules, flakes, or pellets that tend to cake less than the powdered form and have more desirable compression characteristics.
Sorbitol has a pleasant, cooling, sweet taste and has approximately 50–60% of the sweetness of sucrose.
Sorbitol has a sweet taste.

In comparison to sucrose, the relative sweetness of sorbitol is approximately 50%.
Sorbitol can exist in any of several crystalline forms with melting points ranging from 89 to 101°C.
For a detailed description of this compound, refer to Burdock.

Sorbitol is one of the most widely found sugar alcohols in nature with relatively high concentrations occurring in apples, pears, plums, peaches and apricots.
Also reported found in several varieties of berries, seaweed and algae.
Sorbitol is an alcohol.

Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.
They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones.

Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
Sorbitol will form water-soluble chelates with many divalent and trivalent metal ions in strongly acidic and alkaline conditions.

Addition of liquid polyethylene glycols to sorbitol solution, with vigorous agitation, produces a waxy, water-soluble gel with a melting point of 35–40℃.
Sorbitol solutions also react with iron oxide to become discolored.
Sorbitol increases the degradation rate of penicillins in neutral and aqueous solutions.

Sorbitol may be synthesised via a glucose reduction reaction in which the converted aldehyde group is converted into a hydroxyl group.
The reaction requires NADH and is catalyzed by aldose reductase.
Glucose reduction is the first step of the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism, and is implicated in multiple diabetic complications.

Sorbitol is a naturally occurring sweetener synthetically extracted from glucose.
Owing to its low calorific value, it is used in pharmaceutical products, sugar-free foods, and oral care products such as mouth fresheners and toothpastes.
Sorbitol is prescribed for use by diabetes patients as it has a lesser tendency to increase the sugar level in the blood.

Sorbitol is a type of sugar alcohol (or poliol) found naturally in many different fruits (like apples, berries, peaches, and plums).
Sorbitol can be produced from corn syrup and is typically used as a sweetener in food products, drinks, and medication.
Sorbitol is around 60% as sweet as sugar and has about 35 percent fewer calories per grams.

Sorbitol’s thought to be a much better choice in terms of oral health too.
For those reasons and others, it’s considered a healthier alternative to sugar.
Sorbitol (SOR buh tol) treats occasional constipation.

Sorbitol works by increasing the amount of water intestine absorbs.
This softens the stool, making it easier to have a bowel movement.
Sorbitol also increases pressure, which prompts the muscles in your intestines to move stool.

Sorbitol belongs to a group of medications called laxatives.
Sorbitol and Sorbitol Syrup are plant-based ingredients used in food, obtained from cereals (maize and wheat) in the EU.
They belong to the Carbohydrates family.

They are polyols also known as sugar alcohols.
Sorbitol is less sweet than sucrose (about 60% of the sweetness).
Sorbitol is less caloric than sugar (2.4kcal/g instead of 4 kcal/g), can help control blood glucose response and is tooth-friendly (non-cariogenic, do not cause dental caries).

Sorbitol has been used in a wide range of foods for almost half a century.
Sorbitol has a smooth mouthfeel with a sweet, cool and pleasant taste and a sweet, caramel-like scent.
Sorbitol occurs naturally in some fruits, such as apples, pears, peaches, and prunes.

Sorbitol is an approved food additive in the EU, carrying the identifying E-number E420.
Sorbitol and sorbitol syrup are obtained from dextrose and glucose syrups.

Melting point: 98-100 °C (lit.)
alpha: 4 º (per eur. pharm.)
Boiling point: bp760 105°
Density: 1.28 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density: <1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: <0.1 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.46
FEMA: 3029 | D-SORBITOL
Flash point: >100°C
storage temp.: room temp
solubility: Very soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol
form: liquid
pka: pKa (17.5°): 13.6
color: White
Specific Gravity: 1.28
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 5 - 7 at 182 g/l at 25 °C
PH: 5.0-7.0 (25℃, 1M in H2O)
optical activity: [α]20/D 1.5±0.3°, c = 10% in H2O
Odor Type: caramellic
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.04
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.045
Merck: 14,8725
BRN: 1721899
Stability: Stable. Avoid strong oxidizing agents. Protect from moisture.
InChIKey: FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N
LogP: -4.67

Sorbitol occurs naturally in the ripe berries of many trees and plants.
Sorbitol was first isolated in 1872 from the berries of the Mountain Ash (Sorbus americana).
Industrially, sorbitol is prepared by high-pressure hydrogenation with a copper–chromium or nickel catalyst, or by electrolytic reduction of glucose and corn syrup.

If cane or beet sugars are used as a source, the disaccharide is hydrolyzed to dextrose and fructose prior to hydrogenation.
Sorbitol is widely used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations. It is also used extensively in cosmetics and food products.
Sorbitol is used as a diluent in tablet formulations prepared by either wet granulation or direct compression.

Sorbitol is particularly useful in chewable tablets owing to its pleasant, sweet taste and cooling sensation.
In capsule formulations it is used as a plasticizer for gelatin.
Sorbitol has been used as a plasticizer in film formulations.

In liquid preparations sorbitol is used as a vehicle in sugar-free formulations and as a stabilizer for drug, vitamin, and antacid suspensions.
Furthermore, sorbitol is used as an excipient in liquid parenteral biologic formulations to provide effective protein stabilization in the liquid state.
Sorbitol has also been shown to be a suitable carrier to enhance the in vitro dissolution rate of indometacin.

In syrups it is effective in preventing crystallization around the cap of bottles.
Sorbitol is additionally used in injectable and topical preparations, and therapeutically as an osmotic laxative.
Sorbitol may also be used analytically as a marker for assessing liver blood flow.

Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sugar substitute.
Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose.
The food industry uses D-sorbitol as an additive in the form of a sweetener, humectant, emulsifier, thickener, or dietary supplement.

Sorbitol has also been found in cosmetics, paper, and pharmaceuticals.
Naturally, Sorbitol occurs widely in plants via photosynthesis, ranging from algae to higher order fruits of the family Rosaceae.
Sorbitol is useful in the production of confectionery, baked goods and chocolate where products tend to become dry or harden.

This is because it protects against loss of moisture content, unlike other polyols such as mannitol.
Sorbitols moisture-stabilising properties, protects these products from drying and maintains their initial freshness during storage.
Sorbitol is also very stable.

Sorbitol can withstand high temperatures and does not participate in Maillard (browning) reactions.
Sorbitol works well with other food ingredients such as sugars, gelling agents, proteins and vegetable fats, and may be synergistic with other sweeteners.
Sorbitol is also regularly used in the formulation of oral care products such as toothpaste and mouthwash.

Production method:
Pour the prepared 53% aqueous solution of glucose into the autoclave, adding the nickel catalyst of 0.1% the weight of glucose; after replacement of the air, add hydrogen at about 3.5MPa, 150 °C, and pH8.2-8.4; control the endpoint with residual sugar content being lower than 0.5%.
After precipitation for 5 min, put the resulting solution of sorbitol through ion exchange resin to obtain the refined product.

Material fixed consumption amount: hydrochloric acid 19kg/t, caustic 36kg/ t, solid base 6kg/t, aluminum-nickel alloy powder 3kg/t, orally administrated glucose 518kg/t, activated carbon 4kg/t.
Sorbitol is obtained from the hydrogenation of glucose with the nickel catalyst at high temperature and high pressure after which the product is further refined through the ion exchange resin, concentrated,crystallized, and, separated to obtain the final product.

Domestic production of sorbitol mostly applied continuously or intermittently hydrogenation of refined glucose obtained from starch saccharification:
C6H12O6 + H2 [Ni] → C6H14O6
Pour the prepared 53% aqueous solution of glucose into the autoclave, adding the nickel catalyst of 0.1% the weight of glucose; after replacement of the air, add hydrogen at about 3.5MPa, 150 °C, and pH8.2-8.4; control the endpoint with residual sugar content being lower than 0.5%.

After precipitation for 5 min, put the resulting solution of sorbitol through ion exchange resin to obtain the refined product.
The above-mentioned process is simple without the necessity of isolation before obtaining qualified products as well as without "three wastes" pollution.

However, for the starch, the yield is only 50%, and thus has a higher cost.
Introduction of new technology by direct hydrogenation on starch saccharification liquid can obtain a yield up to 85%.

Uses:
Sorbitol can be used as an excipient, moisturizing agents, and antifreeze agents in toothpaste, with the added amount being up to 25 to 30%.
This can help maintain the lubrication, color, and good taste for the paste.
In cosmetics field, it is used as an anti-drying agent (substitute glycerol) which can enhance the stretch and lubricity of emulsifier, and thus is suitable for long-term storage; Sorbitan esters and sorbitan fatty acid ester as well as its ethylene oxide adducts having a advantage of a small skin irritation which is thus widely used in the cosmetics industry.

Adding sorbitol into foods can prevent the drying of food and make food stay fresh and soft.
Application in bread cake has a significant effect.
The sweetness of sorbitol is lower than that of sucrose, and can’t be exploited by any bacteria.

Sorbitol is an important raw material for production of sugar-free candy and a variety of anti-caries food.
Since the metabolism of the product does not cause increase of blood sugar, it can also be applied as a sweetener agent and nutrient agent for the food of patients with diabetes.
Sorbitol does not contain an aldehyde group and is not easily oxidized.

Sorbitol will not have Maillard reaction with amino acids upon heating.
Sorbitol also has certain physiological activity.
Sorbitol can prevent the denaturation of the carotenoids and edible fats and protein; adding this product to the concentrated milk can extend the shelf life; it can also be used to improve the color, flavor and taste of small intestine and has significant stabilizing effect and long-term storage effect on fish pate.

Sorbitol can be used as raw material in vitamin C; also can be used as feed syrup, injection fluids, and raw material of medicine tablet; as a drug dispersion agent and fillers, cryoprotectants, anti-crystallizing agent, medicine stabilizers, wetting agents, capsules plasticized agents, sweetening agents, and ointment matrix.
Sorbitol abietin is often used as the raw material for common architectural coatings, also used as plasticizers and lubricants for application in polyvinyl chloride resin and other polymers.
Sorbitol can from complex with iron, copper, and aluminum ion in alkaline solution to be applied to the washing and bleaching in textile industry.

Sorbitol using sorbitol and propylene oxide as a starting material can produce rigid polyurethane foam as well as have some flame retardant properties.
Sorbitol is used as a sugar substitute and sweetening agent in various food products, especially those labeled as "sugar-free" or "diet" products.
Sorbitol is often used to add sweetness without the calories associated with regular sugar.

Sorbitol is used in toothpaste and mouthwash formulations due to its ability to sweeten the products and its non-cariogenic (non-tooth-decay-causing) properties.
In the pharmaceutical industry, sorbitol is used as an excipient (inactive ingredient) in the formulation of liquid medications, syrups, and various oral dosage forms.
Sorbitol can serve as a sweetening agent, a bulking agent, and a solvent.

Sorbitol has humectant properties, meaning it can attract and retain moisture.
Sorbitol is used in cosmetic and personal care products, such as skin creams and lotions, to help maintain moisture and prevent products from drying out.
Sorbitol can be used as a sugar substitute in baking, but it may not provide the same texture and browning properties as regular sugar.

Sorbitol also has fewer calories than sugar.
Sorbitol is classified as a sugar alcohol, which means it is a carbohydrate with characteristics of both sugars and alcohols.
Sorbitol is slowly metabolized by the body, resulting in a lower impact on blood sugar levels compared to regular sugars.

Due to its lower glycemic index and reduced impact on blood sugar, sorbitol is sometimes used in diabetic diets as a sugar replacement.
When consumed in excessive quantities, sorbitol can have a laxative effect and may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including diarrhea.
For this reason, it is important to consume it in moderation.

Sorbitol is a humectant that is a polyol (polyhydric alcohol) produced by hydrogenation of glucose with good solubility in water and poor solubility in oil.
Sorbitol is approximately 60% as sweet as sugar, and has a caloric value of 2.6 kcal/g.
Sorbitol is highly hygroscopic and has a pleasant, sweet taste.

Sorbitol maintains moistness in shredded coconut, pet foods, and candy.
In sugarless frozen desserts, it depresses the freezing point, adds solids, and contributes some sweetness.
Sorbitol is used in low-calorie beverages to provide body and taste.

Sorbitol is used in dietary foods such as sugarless candy, chewing gum, and ice cream.
Sorbitol is also used as a crystallization modifier in soft sugar-based confections.
In manufacture of sorbose, ascorbic acid, propylene glycol, synthetic plasticizers and resins; as humectant (moisture conditioner) on printing rolls, in leather, tobacco.

In writing inks to insure a smooth flow and to prevent crusting on the point of the pen. In antifreeze mixtures with glycerol or glycols.
In candy manufacture of to increase shelf life by retarding the solidification of sugar; as humectant and softener in shredded coconut and peanut butter; as texturizer in foods; as sequestrant in soft drinks and wines.
Sorbitol is used to reduce the undesirable aftertaste of saccharin in foodstuffs; as sugar substitute for diabetics.

Sorbitol is widely used as a sugar substitute and sweetening agent.
Sorbitol provides sweetness to various food and beverage products while having fewer calories than regular sugar.
Sorbitol is used in sugar-free and reduced-sugar products, such as candies, chocolates, baked goods, and beverages.

Sorbitol is a common ingredient in sugar-free candies, chewing gum, and other confectionery products.
Sorbitol offers sweetness and a pleasing mouthfeel without contributing to tooth decay.
In the pharmaceutical industry, sorbitol is used as an excipient in the formulation of liquid medications, syrups, and oral dosage forms.

Sorbitol serves as a sweetening agent, bulking agent, and solvent in various medicinal products.
Sorbitol is found in toothpaste, mouthwash, and oral care products because it sweetens these products and has non-cariogenic (non-tooth-decay-causing) properties.
Sorbitol's humectant properties make it a valuable ingredient in cosmetic and personal care products, including skin creams, lotions, and hair care products.

Sorbitol helps maintain moisture and prevent these products from drying out.
In baking, sorbitol can be used as a sugar substitute. However, it may not provide the same texture and browning properties as regular sugar.
Sorbitol is also employed in the production of low-sugar and reduced-calorie food items.

Due to its lower glycemic index and its reduced impact on blood sugar levels, sorbitol is included in diabetic diets as a sugar replacement or sweetener.
Sorbitol can help people with diabetes manage their blood sugar.
Sorbitol is used as a component in some laxative products to help relieve constipation.

Sorbitol has a mild laxative effect when ingested in certain quantities.
Sorbitol can be found in some dietary supplements, often in the form of chewable tablets or lozenges.
In various industrial processes, sorbitol is used as a raw material and chemical intermediate for the production of other compounds.

Sorbitol has applications in areas like the chemical and plastics industries.
Sorbitol can be used in certain medical formulations, such as oral solutions and enemas.

Sorbitol can help create isotonic solutions and facilitate drug delivery.
Sorbitol can be found in various applications, such as in the manufacturing of adhesives, as a carrier for flavors and fragrances, and in sugar-free syrups for beverages.

Safety Profile:
Sorbitol is widely used in a number of pharmaceutical products and occurs naturally in many edible fruits and berries.
Sorbitol is absorbed more slowly from the gastrointestinal tract than sucrose and is metabolized in the liver to fructose and glucose.
Sorbitols caloric value is approximately 16.7 J/g (4 cal/g).

Sorbitol is better tolerated by diabetics than sucrose and is widely used in many sugar-free liquid vehicles.
However, it is not considered to be unconditionally safe for diabetics.
Reports of adverse reactions to sorbitol are largely due to its action as an osmotic laxative when ingested orally,(17–19) which may be exploited therapeutically.

Ingestion of large quantities of sorbitol (>20 g/day in adults) should therefore be avoided.
Sorbitol is not readily fermented by oral microorganisms and has little effect on dental plaque pH; hence, it is generally considered to be noncariogenic.
Sorbitol is generally considered to be more irritating than mannitol.

Storage:
Sorbitol is chemically relatively inert and is compatible with most excipients.
Sorbitol is stable in air in the absence of catalysts and in cold, dilute acids and alkalis.
Sorbitol does not darken or decompose at elevated temperatures or in the presence of amines.

Sorbitol is nonflammable, noncorrosive, and nonvolatile.
Although sorbitol is resistant to fermentation by many microorganisms, a preservative should be added to sorbitol solutions.
Solutions may be stored in glass, plastic, aluminum, and stainless steel containers.

Solutions for injection may be sterilized by autoclaving.
The bulk material is hygroscopic and should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.

Synonyms:
D-Sorbitol
sorbitol
D-Glucitol
50-70-4
glucitol
L-Gulitol
(-)-Sorbitol
Glucarine
Diakarmon
Sorbilande
Sorbostyl
Esasorb
Multitol
Neosorb
Nivitin
Sorbite
Sorbol
D-(-)-Sorbitol
Cholaxine
Sionit
Sionite
Sionon
Siosan
Sorbo
Karion instant
Sorbitol F
Sorbex Rp
Sorbitol FP
D-Sorbol
Sionit K
Sorbex M
Sorbex R
Sorbex S
Sorbex X
Sorbicolan
Sorvilande
Gulitol
D-Sorbite
Neosorb P 60
Hexahydric alcohol
Foodol D 70
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol
Neosorb 20/60DC
Glucitol, D-
Neosorb 70/70
Neosorb P 20/60
d-Sorbit
Karion
Karion (carbohydrate)
Neosorb 70/02
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
D-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexanehexol
FEMA No. 3029
G-ol
CCRIS 1898
Neosorb P 60W
Probilagol
iso-sorbide
Sorbit
Glc-ol
AI3-19424
HSDB 801
Sorbitol (e420)
NSC 25944
DTXSID5023588
CHEBI:17924
Sorbitol 3% in plastic container
EINECS 200-061-5
Ins-420(i)
UNII-506T60A25R
SORBITOL 3.3% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexanehexol
E 420
E-420(i)
Ins no.420(i)
NSC-25944
506T60A25R
7B5697N
E420
Resulax
Sorbilax
DTXCID903588
(2S,3R,4R,5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
D-Sorbit 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Medevac
SORBITOL (II)
SORBITOL [II]
E-420
SORBITOL (MART.)
SORBITOL [MART.]
Sorbitur
26566-34-7
SORBITOL (EP MONOGRAPH)
SORBITOL [EP MONOGRAPH]
Sorbit DP
Sorbitol;D-Glucitol
Liponic 70-NC
CAS-50-70-4
ISOMALT IMPURITY C (EP IMPURITY)
ISOMALT IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]
MALTITOL IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY)
MALTITOL IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
SMR000112219
Sorbitol [USP:NF]
WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[h2122h]/1/
MFCD00004708
LACTITOL MONOHYDRATE IMPURITY E (EP IMPURITY)
LACTITOL MONOHYDRATE IMPURITY E [EP IMPURITY]
Sorbitolum
Meritol
Solbitol
Sorbitab
Sorbogem
C*PharmSorbidex
Sorbitol Instant
Sorbitol S
Sorbitol FK
Sorbit D-Powder
Sorbit S
Sorbit W-Powder
Sorbit WP
Sorbitol (NF)
Neosorb P60
Kyowa Powder 50M
Sorbogem 712
Sorbitol (Glucitol)
Liponic 76-NC
Sorbit D 70
Sorbit DP 50
Sorbit L 70
Sorbit T 70
Sorbit W 70
D-Sorbitol, 99%
Sorbit W-Powder 50
D-sorbitol; D-glucitol
D-Sorbitol (JP17)
SORBITOL [HSDB]
SORBITOL [INCI]
SORBITOL [FCC]
SORBITOL [USP]
SORBITOL [MI]
SORBITOL [VANDF]
D-Sorbitol, >=98%
D-SORBITOL [JAN]
SCHEMBL763
Sorbit Kyowa Powder 50M
bmse000115
bmse000803
bmse001007
D-SORBITOL [FHFI]
Epitope ID:114708
SORBITOL [USP-RS]
SORBITOL [WHO-DD]
Isomalt impurity, sorbitol-
D-Sorbitol, NF/FCC grade
CHEMBL1682
MLS001333209
MLS001333210
SORBITOL [ORANGE BOOK]
D-Sorbitol, analytical standard
D-Sorbitol, for electrophoresis
CHEBI:30911
D-Sorbitol, BioXtra, >=98%
D-Sorbitol, for synthesis, 99%
FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N
HMS2094K21
HMS2270A18
Pharmakon1600-01300028
HY-B0400
Tox21_201937
Tox21_303388
D-Sorbitol, >=98%, FCC, FG
NSC759608
s2393
AKOS015899604
D-Sorbitol, plant cell culture tested
CCG-229392
DB01638
NSC-759608
Sorbitol 3% in plastic container (TN)
NCGC00164353-01
NCGC00164353-02
NCGC00164353-03
NCGC00257447-01
NCGC00259486-01
AC-13186
CS-13177
D-Sorbitol, SAJ first grade, >=97.0%
SBI-0206688.P002
SORBITOL-MANNITOL COMPONENT SORBITOL
D-Sorbitol, for molecular biology, >=98%
D-Sorbitol, BioUltra, >=99.5% (HPLC)
D-Sorbitol, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
D-Sorbitol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 97%
S0065
SW220289-1
D-Sorbitol, crystallized, >=99.0% (HPLC)
SORBITOL COMPONENT OF SORBITOL-MANNITOL
A15606
C00794
D00096
E70384
AB00919085_06
D-Sorbitol, liquid, tested according to Ph.Eur.
EN300-7832133
ISOMALT IMPURITY, SORBITOL- [USP IMPURITY]
ISOMALT IMPURITY, SORBITOL-(USP IMPURITY)
Q245280
5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3-Oxazole-4-CarboxylicAcid
rel-(2R,3R,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
Sorbitol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
75DE42C3-7C3B-4802-95E0-463F02268BDC
Sorbitol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
D-Sorbitol, BioReagent, cell culture tested, plant cell culture tested
Sorbitol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

SORBİTOL Sorbitol (/ˈsɔərbᵻˌtɒl/), less commonly known as glucitol (/ˈɡluːsᵻˌtɒl/), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, changing the aldehyde group to a hydroxyl group. Most sorbitol is made from corn syrup, but it is also found in apples, pears, peaches, and prunes. It is converted to fructose by sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase. Sorbitol is an isomer of mannitol, another sugar alcohol; the two differ only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2. While similar, the two sugar alcohols have very different sources in nature, melting points, and uses. Sorbitol is a polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. It is also used in many manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications. Ascorbic acid fermentation; in solution form for moisture-conditioning of cosmetic creams and lotions, toothpaste, tobacco, gelatin; bodying agent for paper, textiles, and liquid pharmaceuticals; softener for candy; sugar crystallization inhibitor; surfactants; urethane resins and rigid foams; plasticizer, stabilizer for vinyl resins; food additive (sweetener, humectant, emulsifier, thickener, anticaking agent); dietary supplement. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary) Biological Source: Occurs widely in plants ranging from algae to the higher orders. Fruits of the plant family Rosaceae, which include apples, pears, cherries, apricots, contain appreciable amounts. Rich sources are the fruits of the Sorbus and Crataegus species Use/Importance: Used for manufacturing of sorbose, propylene glycol, ascorbic acid, resins, plasticizers and as antifreeze mixtures with glycerol or glycol. Uses Sweetener Sorbitol is a sugar substitute. It may be listed under the inactive ingredients listed for some foods and products. Its INS number and E number is 420. Sorbitol has approximately 60% the sweetness of sucrose (table sugar). Sorbitol is referred to as a nutritive sweetener because it provides dietary energy: 2.6 kilocalories (11 kilojoules) per gram versus the average 4 kilocalories (17 kilojoules) for carbohydrates. It is often used in diet foods (including diet drinks and ice cream), mints, cough syrups, and sugar-free chewing gum. It also occurs naturally in many stone fruits and berries from trees of the genus Sorbus. Laxative Sorbitol can be Used as a laxative via an oral suspension or enema. As with other sugar alcohols, gastrointestinal distress may result when food products that contain sorbitol are consumed. Sorbitol exerts its laxative effect by drawing water into the large intestine, thereby stimulating bowel movements.Sorbitol has been determined safe for use by the elderly, although it is not recommended without consultation with a clinician. Sorbitol is found in some dried fruits and may contribute to the laxative effects of prunes.Sorbitol was discovered initially in the fresh juice of mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) berries in 1872. It is found in the fruits of apples, plums, pears, cherries, dates, peaches, and apricots. Medical applications Sorbitol is used in bacterial culture media to distinguish the pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 from most other strains of E. coli, as it is usually incapable of fermenting sorbitol, but 93% of known E. coli strains are capable of doing so.[ A treatment using sorbitol and ion-exchange resin sodium polystyrene sulfonate (tradename Kayexalate), helps remove excess potassium ions when in a hyperkalaemic state.The resin exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions in the bowel, while sorbitol helps to eliminate it. In 2010 the U.S. FDA issued a warning of increased risk for GI necrosis with this combination. Sorbitol is also used in the manufacture of softgels to store single doses of liquid medicines. Health care, food, and cosmetic uses Sorbitol often is used in modern cosmetics as a humectant and thickener. Sorbitol often is used in mouthwash and toothpaste. Some transparent gels can be made only with sorbitol, as it has a refractive index sufficiently high for transparent formulations. Sorbitol is used as a cryoprotectant additive (mixed with sucrose and sodium polyphosphates) in the manufacture of surimi, a processed fish paste. It is also used as a humectant in some cigarettes. Sorbitol sometimes is used as a sweetener and humectant in cookies and other foods that are not identified as "dietary" items. Miscellaneous uses A mixture of sorbitol and potassium nitrate has found some success as an amateur solid rocket fuel. Sorbitol is identified as a potential key chemical intermediate for production of fuels from biomass resources. Carbohydrate fractions in biomass such as cellulose undergo sequential hydrolysis and hydrogenation in the presence of metal catalysts to produce sorbitol. Complete reduction of sorbitol opens the way to alkanes, such as hexane, which can be used as a biofuel. Hydrogen required for this reaction can be produced by aqueous phase reforming of sorbitol. 19 C6H14O6 → 13 C6H14 + 36 CO2 + 42 H2O The above chemical reaction is exothermic; 1.5 moles of sorbitol generate approximately 1 mole of hexane. When hydrogen is co-fed, no carbon dioxide is produced. Sorbitol based polyols are used in the production of polyurethane foam for the construction industry. It is also added after electroporation of yeasts in transformation protocols, allowing the cells to recover by raising the osmolarity of the medium. Industry Uses Fillers Processing aids Viscosity adjustors Consumer Uses Arts, Crafts, and Hobby Materials Cleaning and Furnishing Care Products Personal Care Products Highlights Sorbitol is a type of carbohydrate called a sugar alcohol, or polyol. Sorbitol contains about one-third fewer calories than sugar and is 60 percent as sweet. Sorbitol occurs naturally in a variety of berries and fruits (e.g., apples and blackberries). Sorbitol is also commercially produced and is the most commonly used polyol in the U.S. Sorbitol’s safety has been confirmed by global health authorities. Sorbitol, when eaten in excessive amounts, can cause gastrointestinal discomfort. THE BASICS OF SORBITOL Sorbitol (pronounced sore-bih-tall) is a type of carbohydrate called a sugar alcohol, or polyol, which are water-soluble compounds that occur naturally in many fruits and vegetables. Sorbitol is also commercially produced from glucose for use in packaged foods and beverages to provide sweetness, texture and moisture retention. Sorbitol’s safety has been reviewed and confirmed by health authorities around the world, including the World Health Organization, the European Union, and the countries Australia, Canada and Japan. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also recognizes sorbitol as safe. While the safety of sorbitol and other sugar alcohols is well-documented, some sugar alcohols, when eaten in excessive amounts, can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including gas, bloating and diarrhea. As a result, foods that contain the sugar alcohols sorbitol or mannitol must include a warning on their label about potential laxative effects. SORBITOL AND HEALTH Like most sugar alcohols, sorbitol is neither as sweet as nor as calorie-dense as sugar. Sorbitol is about 60 percent as sweet as sugar and has about 35 percent fewer calories per gram (2.6 calories for sorbitol compared to 4 calories for sugar). But sorbitol’s contributions to health go beyond calories. Studies on sorbitol metabolism date back as far as the 1920s, when researchers began testing sorbitol as a potential carbohydrate substitute in people with diabetes. Since that time, the benefits of sugar alcohols and how the body uses them have become better understood. Two areas where sugar alcohols are known for their positive effects are oral health and impact on blood sugar. Oral Health Sugar alcohols, including sorbitol, have been shown to benefit oral health in several ways, primarily because they are noncariogenic: in other words, they don’t contribute to cavity formation. The act of chewing also protects teeth from cavity-causing bacteria by promoting the flow of saliva. The increased saliva and noncariogenic properties (along with sweetness) are why sugar alcohols (sorbitol and xylitol) are used in sugar-free chewing gum. Some sugar alcohols like erythritol and xylitol inhibit the growth of oral bacteria (Streptococcus mutans) that can cause cavities. Sorbitol can be fermented, albeit at a slower rate than sugar, by some but not all oral bacteria. Therefore, sorbitol is not as protective against cavities as some sugar alcohols, but has been shown to decrease cavities compared with sugar. Because of these attributes, the FDA recognizes sorbitol and other sugar alcohols as beneficial to oral health. Blood sugar Like other sugar alcohols (with the exception of erythritol), sorbitol contains calories in the form of carbohydrate. Sorbitol is slowly and incompletely absorbed from our small intestine. The remaining sorbitol continues to the large intestine, where its metabolism yields fewer calories. Because of this, sorbitol consumption (compared with an equal amount of sugar) reduces insulin secretion, which helps keep blood glucose levels lower as a result. RECOMMENDED INTAKES There are no formal recommendations for sorbitol intake. Fermentation of sorbitol in the large intestine can create gastrointestinal discomfort including bloating, gas and diarrhea. But these effects are not the same for everyone. Therefore, the FDA requires a label statement regarding potential laxative effects for foods that might lead to eating 50 grams of sorbitol in a day. For those following a low Fermentable Oligosaccharides Disaccharides Monosaccharides And Polyols (FODMAP) diet, food sources of sorbitol are monitored because sorbitol is a type of polyol. FOOD SOURCES OF SORBITOL Sugar alcohols are naturally produced in various plants as a result of photosynthesis. Sorbitol is found naturally in berries like blackberries, raspberries and strawberries, and other fruits such as apples, apricots, avocados, cherries, peaches and plums. In addition to whole foods, sorbitol is commercially produced to help reduce calories from sugars in baked goods, chocolates, frozen desserts, hard candies, sugar-free chewing gum and snack bars. What is sorbitol? Sorbitol, also called D-sorbitol, 50-70-4, E420, and D-glucitol, is a type of carbohydrate. It falls into a category of sugar alcohols called polyols. This water-soluble compound is found naturally in some fruits, including apples, apricots, dates, berries, peaches, plums, and figs (1Trusted Source). It’s also commercially manufactured from corn syrup for use in packaged foods, beverages, and medications. Commercially, sorbitol is used to preserve moisture, add sweetness, and provide texture to products, as well as potentially support digestive and oral health. Benefits and uses Sorbitol is a widely used sugar alcohol for several reasons. First, sugar alcohols are often used in foods and beverages in place of traditional sugar to reduce their calorie content. Sorbitol contains approximately two-thirds of the calories of table sugar and provides about 60% of the sweetness (2). It’s also not fully digested in your small intestine. What remains of the compound from there moves into the large intestine where it’s instead fermented, or broken down by bacteria, resulting in fewer calories being absorbed (3Trusted Source). Second, the sweetener is often added to foods marketed to people with diabetes. That’s because it has very little effect on blood sugar levels when eaten, compared with foods made with traditional sweeteners like table sugar. Third, unlike table sugar, sugar alcohols like sorbitol don’t contribute to the formation of cavities. This is one reason why they’re often used to sweeten sugar-free chewing gum and liquid medications (1Trusted Source, 4Trusted Source). In fact, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recognized that sugar alcohols like sorbitol may benefit oral health. This is based on a study that found that sorbitol may reduce cavity risk compared with table sugar, although not to the same extent as other sugar alcohols (5Trusted Source, 6). Lastly, it’s used on its own as a laxative to combat constipation. It’s hyperosmotic, meaning it draws water into the colon from surrounding tissues to promote bowel movements. It can be purchased for this purpose at most grocery and drug stores without a prescription. Side effects and precautions Consuming sorbitol or other sugar alcohols in large amounts can cause bloating and diarrhea in some people, especially if you’re not used to regularly consuming them. This can be an unwelcome result for some, but the desired effect for those using it to promote bowel activity. Fortunately, other side effects from sorbitol appear to be uncommon. The most frequently reported complaint is diarrhea, though it may be accompanied by abdominal cramping or nausea (7Trusted Source, 8Trusted Source). Still, while some laxatives can be habit-forming and shouldn’t be used for prolonged periods, sorbitol is considered a less risky, non-stimulative laxative. That said, given that it works by drawing fluid into your intestines to promote bowel activity, it should only be used as directed (9Trusted Source). Despite its potential side effects, sorbitol has been reviewed and recognized as safe to consume by many global health authorities, including the FDA, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)Trusted Source, and European Union (2, 10Trusted Source). Dosage and how to take it Sorbitol for laxative use can be found both as a rectal enema or liquid solution to be taken orally. You can take it orally with a glass of water or mixed into flavored beverages, with or without food. Recommended dosages vary. Some studies indicate that unwanted side effects are more likely if you consume 10 grams or more per day. Additionally, one study found that malabsorption was more likely with doses of 10 grams — even among healthy individuals (1Trusted Source, 10Trusted Source). The FDA requires that labels on foods that could cause you to consume more than 50 grams daily include the warning: “Excess consumption may have a laxative effect” (12). That’s because taking too much sorbitol can cause severe digestive side effects and electrolyte imbalances, although there’s no evidence that the compound can cause toxicity (7Trusted Source, 10Trusted Source). If you think you’ve taken too much sorbitol and are experiencing significant symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately. Be prepared to provide information about the dosage and your symptoms, including the timing of their onset. Ultimately, it’s best to follow consumer directions on the packaging. Alternatively, consult your healthcare provider if you have questions about appropriate dosing and usage. Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol found in fruits and plants with diuretic, laxative and cathartic property. Unabsorbed sorbitol retains water in the large intestine through osmotic pressure thereby stimulating peristalsis of the intestine and exerting its diuretic, laxative and cathartic effect. In addition, sorbitol has one-third fewer calories and 60 % the sweetening activity of sucrose and is used as a sugar replacement in diabetes. NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) Sorbitol is an odorless colorless solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999) CAMEO Chemicals D-glucitol is the D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). It has a role as a sweetening agent, a laxative, a metabolite, a cathartic, a human metabolite, a food humectant, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a L-glucitol. Molecular Weight of Sorbitol: 182.17 g/mol 2.1 XLogP3 of Sorbitol: -3.1 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Sorbitol: 6 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Sorbitol: 6 Rotatable Bond Count of Sorbitol: 5 Exact Mass of Sorbitol: 182.079038 g/mol 2.1 Monoisotopic Mass of Sorbitol: 182.079038 g/mol 2.1 Topological Polar Surface Area of Sorbitol: 121 Ų Heavy Atom Count of Sorbitol: 12 Formal Charge of Sorbitol: 0 Complexity of Sorbitol: 105 Isotope Atom Count of Sorbitol: 0 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Sorbitol: 4 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Sorbitol: 0 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Sorbitol: 0 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Sorbitol: 0 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Sorbitol: 1 Compound of Sorbitol Is Canonicalized? Yes

E 420; E420; E-420SORBITOL, N° CAS : 50-70-4 - Sorbitol, Origine(s) : Végétale, Synthétique, Autres langues : Sorbit, Sorbitolo, Nom INCI : SORBITOL, Nom chimique : D-Glucitol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-061-5; Additif alimentaire : E420, Noms français : D-(-)-SORBITOL; D-GLUCITOL; D-SORBITOL; D-SORBOL; SORBITOL; SORBITOL CRISTAUX. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Additif alimentaire, fabrication de produits alimentaires; D-glucitol; Sorbitol; (2R,3R,4R,5S)-Hexan-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol; 1721899 [Beilstein]; 200-061-5 [EINECS]; 50-70-4 [RN]; Cystosol; D-(-)-sorbitol; D-Glucitol ; D-Glucitol [German] ; D-Glucitol [French] ; MFCD00004708 [MDL number]; Resulax; Sorbilax; sorbit; Sorbitol [NF]; Sorbitolum liquidum non cristallisabile ; Sorbitur;Neosorb P 60W; Sorbit D 70; Sorbit DP; Sorbit DP 50; Sorbit L 70; Sorbit S; Sorbit T 70; Sorbit W 70; Sorbit WP; Sorbitol FK; Sorbitol S; Sorbogem 712 (2R,3R,4R,5S)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol; (2R,3R,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol; (2R,3S,4S,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol; (2S,3R,4R,5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol; (4aS,4bR,6aS,10aS,10bS,12aS)-10a,12a-Dimethyltetradecahydro-2H-naphtho[2,1-f]chromen-8(4bH)-one [ACD/IUPAC Name] (−)-sorbitol; 12441-09-7 [RN]; 4656395 [Beilstein]; Cholaxine; clucitol; d(-)-sorbitol; d(-)-sorbitol standard; D-(−)-sorbitol; D-GULITOL; Diakarmon; D-Sorbit; D-Sorbite; D-Sorbitol, NF/FCC grade; D-Sorbitol, Ph. Eur., USP/NF grade; D-SORBITOL-1,1,6,6-D4; D-Sorbol; Dulcite; Dulcitol; d-山梨醇; E 420; E420; E-420; Esasorb; Foodol D 70; Glc-ol; GLO; Glucarine; glucitol; GLUCITOL, D-Glucitol;D-Glucitol;Sorbitol; G-ol; gulitol; Hexahydric alcohol; iso-sorbide; KARION; L-Glucitol [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; L-SORBITOL; meglumine ; Multitol; Neosorb; Neosorb P 60; Nivitin; Orbit; Probilagol; Sionit; Sionit K; Sionite; Sionon; Siosan; SOR; Sorban; Sorbelite C; Sorbex M; Sorbex R; Sorbex RP; Sorbex S; Sorbex X; Sorbicolan; Sorbilande; Sorbitan; Sorbite; SORBITOLF; Sorbo; Sorbol; Sorbostryl; Sorbostyl; Sorvilande Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS). Le sorbitol est un polyol qui se présente sous la forme d'une poudre cristalline blanche et sucrée. Il est utilisé principalement en tant qu'humectant dans les produits d'hygiène dentaire, pour aider la pâte à conserver son aspect fluide après ouverture, mais aussi pour son pouvoir sucrant non cariogène (ne génère pas comme le sucre des caries). On le trouve assez fréquemment pour les mêmes raison dans les crèmes hydratantes. Dans l'alimentaire, on le trouve en tant qu'additif sous la dénomination E420 ou comme édulcorant pour les diabétiques. Industriellement, le Sorbitol est obtenu par exemple, par l'hydrogénation d'un sirop de maïs ou de glucose. On le trouve naturellement présent dans de nombreux fruits comme les prunes, les pommes et les cerises. Ses fonctions (INCI) Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

cas no 50-70-4 sorbitol f solution; D-Glucitol; Sorbitol; Glucitol; Cholaxine; D-Glucitol; D-Sorbite; Hexahydric Alcohol; Karion; L-Gulitol; Nivitin; Sionit; Sorbostyl; Sorvilande;

Sorbitol 70 is a chemical compound with the formula C6H14O6.
Sorbitol 70 is a sugar alcohol, also known as a polyol, and it is derived from glucose.
Sorbitol 70 is a white, odorless, crystalline powder with a sweet taste.
The "70" in Sorbitol 70 indicates that it is a 70% solution of sorbitol in water.

CAS Number: 50-70-4
EC Number: 200-061-5



APPLICATIONS



Sorbitol 70 is widely used as a sweetener in food and beverage products, including sugar-free candies, chewing gum, and desserts.
Sorbitol 70 is a common ingredient in diabetic-friendly and reduced-calorie food products due to its low caloric content.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized as a bulking agent and texturizer in various food items, enhancing the mouthfeel and texture.

Sorbitol 70 is employed in the production of sugar-free and low-calorie beverages to provide sweetness without the use of sucrose.
Sorbitol 70 is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an excipient in oral medications to improve palatability and aid in the formulation of liquid suspensions.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some medical syrups and liquid medications to enhance taste and improve patient compliance, particularly for pediatric patients.
Sorbitol 70 is an essential ingredient in the production of certain frozen desserts, such as sorbets and ice creams, as it helps to prevent the formation of ice crystals.
Sorbitol 70 is employed as a humectant in cosmetic and personal care products, including lotions, creams, and hair care products, to retain moisture and prevent dryness.

Sorbitol 70 is used in some toothpaste formulations to enhance the taste and provide a cooling sensation in the mouth during brushing.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some mouthwashes and oral rinses for its sweetening and cooling properties, enhancing the overall oral care experience.
Sorbitol 70 is used in sugar-free chewing gum to provide a sweet taste and enhance chewability.

Sorbitol 70 is used as a stabilizer in certain food products, such as salad dressings and sauces, to prevent separation and extend shelf life.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in some nutritional supplements and vitamin preparations as a bulking agent and diluent.

Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some medical lozenges and throat soothers to provide a sweet taste and soothing effect.
Sorbitol 70 is employed as a softening and moisturizing agent in some skincare products, including body lotions, hand creams, and facial moisturizers.
Sorbitol 70 is used in the formulation of some sugar-free syrups and toppings for desserts and breakfast items.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some pet care products, such as pet dental products, for its sweetening and flavor-enhancing properties.

Sorbitol 70 is used in the preparation of certain confectionery products, including mints and breath fresheners, for its cooling effect and sweet taste.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in the production of some dietary supplements and functional foods for its sweetening and texture-enhancing properties.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some personal lubricants and intimate care products for its moisturizing and lubricating effects.
Sorbitol 70 is employed as a plasticizer in some plastics and polymers to improve flexibility and durability.

Sorbitol 70 is used as a raw material in the production of other chemicals, such as ascorbic acid and vitamin C.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized in the textile industry as a dyeing and printing assistant due to its ability to improve dye penetration and color fastness.

Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some sugar-free and reduced-calorie bakery products, including cookies and cakes.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in certain cleaning products and detergents for its solubility and emulsifying properties.

Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some pharmaceutical formulations, including oral suspensions, lozenges, and chewable tablets, to enhance taste and patient acceptance.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in some diabetic-friendly baked goods, such as muffins and pastries, to replace traditional sugar and reduce the glycemic impact.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some sugar-free syrups and toppings for pancakes, waffles, and desserts.
Sorbitol 70 is used as a bulking agent and sweetener in some meal replacement products and dietary supplements.

Sorbitol 70 is employed in some food and cosmetic color formulations as a diluent and carrier for water-soluble dyes.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some sugar-free fruit preserves and spreads for sweetness and texture enhancement.

Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some nutraceutical formulations, including protein bars and energy drinks, for its sweetening and texturizing properties.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some oral care products, such as mouthwashes and breath sprays, for its refreshing and sweetening effects.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in some pharmaceutical gel preparations as a thickener and stabilizer.
Sorbitol 70 is used in certain medicinal lozenges and throat-soothing products for its slow-dissolving and sweetening properties.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized as a binder in some pharmaceutical tablets and granules to enhance cohesion and tablet hardness.

Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some sugar-free and reduced-calorie fruit juices and fruit-flavored beverages.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in the creation of some sugar-free and reduced-calorie alcoholic beverages and mixers.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some pet care products, such as oral rinses and dental chews, for its flavor-enhancing properties.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some pet foods and treats to improve taste and palatability.
Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some sugar-free and reduced-calorie jams, jellies, and marmalades.

Sorbitol 70 is employed as a dispersing agent in some inkjet and dye-sublimation inks for improved color stability and flow.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some herbal and botanical extracts as a solvent and stabilizer.
Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some pharmaceutical syrups as a sweetening agent and suspension stabilizer.

Sorbitol 70 is used in the formulation of some sugar-free and reduced-calorie soft drinks and carbonated beverages.
Sorbitol 70 is employed as a mold-release agent in some confectionery products, ensuring easy removal from molds.
Sorbitol 70 is used in some nutritional bars and snacks as a bulking agent and to enhance chewability.

Sorbitol 70 is utilized in some canned fruits and fruit fillings as a sweetening and texture-modifying agent.
Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some sugar-free and reduced-calorie yogurt and dairy products.
Sorbitol 70 is employed in some personal care products, such as shaving creams and gels, for its lubricating properties.



DESCRIPTION


Sorbitol 70 is a chemical compound with the formula C6H14O6.
Sorbitol 70 is a sugar alcohol, also known as a polyol, and it is derived from glucose.
Sorbitol 70 is a white, odorless, crystalline powder with a sweet taste.
The "70" in Sorbitol 70 indicates that it is a 70% solution of sorbitol in water.

Sorbitol 70 is a sugar alcohol derived from glucose and naturally occurring in many fruits and plants.
Sorbitol 70 is a white, odorless, crystalline powder with a sweet taste, approximately 60% as sweet as sucrose.

Sorbitol 70 is hygroscopic, meaning it can attract and retain moisture from the surrounding environment.
Sorbitol 70 is highly soluble in water, making it suitable for various liquid formulations.
Sorbitol 70 is non-toxic and has a low caloric value, making it a popular sugar substitute in reduced-calorie and sugar-free products.

Sorbitol 70 is commonly used as a humectant in cosmetic and personal care products to retain moisture and prevent drying.
Sorbitol 70 has a cooling effect on the skin and can provide a soothing sensation when applied topically.
Sorbitol 70 is used as a bulking agent and texture enhancer in various food products, including candies, desserts, and frozen foods.
Sorbitol 70 is a commonly used sweetener in diabetic and low-sugar products due to its low glycemic index.

Sorbitol 70 is often added to oral care products like toothpaste and mouthwash to enhance the taste and prevent tooth decay.
Sorbitol 70 is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations to improve the palatability of oral medications.
Sorbitol 70 can be found in some medical syrups and liquid medications to enhance taste and improve patient compliance, especially for children.

Sorbitol 70 is well-tolerated by most individuals and has a low likelihood of causing allergic reactions or intolerance.
Sorbitol 70 has a cooling effect in the mouth and is commonly used as a cooling agent in certain confectionery products like mints and chewing gum.
Sorbitol 70 is used in the production of some sugar-free and low-calorie beverages to provide sweetness without the caloric content of regular sugar.
Sorbitol 70 can act as a stabilizer in some food products, preventing crystallization and extending shelf life.

Sorbitol 70 is known for its ability to improve the texture and mouthfeel of certain food products, providing a smooth and creamy sensation.
Sorbitol 70 is used as a softening and moisturizing agent in some skincare products, particularly in lotions, creams, and body washes.

Sorbitol 70 is sometimes used as a laxative in medical formulations, as it can have a mild osmotic effect on the digestive system.
Sorbitol 70 is produced through the hydrogenation of glucose, resulting in a sugar alcohol with unique properties.
Sorbitol 70 is widely used in the food and beverage industry and is considered safe for consumption by various regulatory authorities.
Sorbitol 70 can be found in various processed foods, dietetic products, and sugar-free gums and candies.

Sorbitol 70 is not readily fermented by oral bacteria, which contributes to its role in preventing tooth decay.
Sorbitol 70 is also utilized in some pharmaceutical formulations as a stabilizer and solvent for certain active ingredients.
Sorbitol 70 is an essential ingredient in various industries due to its sweetening, moisturizing, and texturizing properties, making it a versatile and valuable compound.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Formula: C6H14O6
Molecular Weight: 182.17 g/mol
Appearance: White, odorless, crystalline powder
Taste: Sweet
Melting Point: Approximately 95-100°C (203-212°F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: 1.49 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Highly soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol and methanol
Hygroscopicity: Attracts and retains moisture from the atmosphere
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Refractive Index: nD 1.489 - 1.511 at 20°C



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Sorbitol dust or vapor is inhaled and respiratory symptoms occur, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is having difficulty breathing, provide artificial respiration if trained to do so, and seek immediate medical attention.
Keep the affected person calm and at rest while awaiting medical assistance.


Skin Contact:

If Sorbitol comes into contact with the skin, promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with plenty of water and mild soap.
Avoid using harsh chemicals or solvents for cleaning, as they may worsen skin irritation.
If skin irritation, redness, or rash develops and persists, seek medical attention for further evaluation and treatment.


Eye Contact:

If Sorbitol accidentally gets into the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do so, after the initial rinse.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.


Ingestion:

In case of accidental ingestion of Sorbitol, DO NOT induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth gently with water if the person is conscious and not showing signs of aspiration.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.


General First Aid Measures:

If the person shows signs of chemical exposure, such as dizziness, headache, or skin irritation, move them to a well-ventilated area and keep them calm and at rest.
If Sorbitol is ingested and the person is conscious, offer small sips of water to dilute the chemical in the stomach.
Avoid direct contact with large amounts of Sorbitol to prevent the risk of aspiration.
If any adverse reactions or symptoms persist, seek immediate medical attention for further evaluation and treatment.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling Sorbitol, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or a face shield, and protective clothing to prevent direct skin and eye contact.
If working with large quantities or in confined spaces, consider using respiratory protection to avoid inhaling dust or vapors.

Ventilation:
Use Sorbitol in a well-ventilated area or under local exhaust ventilation to prevent the buildup of vapors or dust.
Avoid inhaling dust or vapors by positioning yourself upwind or using fume hoods or ventilation systems.

Avoid Contact with Eyes and Skin:
Avoid contact with eyes and skin.
In case of accidental contact, immediately rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention and remove contaminated clothing.

Avoid Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Sorbitol.
In case of accidental ingestion, seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.

Prevent Spills and Contamination:
Handle Sorbitol containers with care to prevent spills or leaks.
Use appropriate equipment, such as funnels or pipettes, to transfer the chemical safely.
Clean up spills promptly using appropriate absorbent materials and dispose of them properly.

No Smoking:
Do not smoke or allow open flames in areas where Sorbitol is handled, as it is combustible.

Wash Hands:
After handling Sorbitol or before eating, wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Sorbitol in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, as it may degrade the compound over time.

Moisture:
Protect Sorbitol from moisture, as it can cause caking and degradation of the compound.
Use sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption.

Containers:
Store Sorbitol in tightly closed containers to prevent evaporation and contamination.
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the product name and hazard warnings.

Compatibility:
Store Sorbitol away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizing agents and acids, to prevent potential chemical reactions.

Separation:
Store Sorbitol separately from food, drink, and animal feed to avoid cross-contamination.



SYNONYMS


D-Glucitol
Sorbol
Sorbit
Sorbitolum
D-Sorbitol
Hexahydroxyhexane
L-Gulitol
Sorbogem
Sorbostyl
Casinitol
D-Sorbite
Diakarmon
Glucarine
Gulitol
L-Glucitol
Sorbacal
Sorbex
Sorbide
Sorbitol (from the common name)
Sorvilande
D-Sorbose
Diabetit
D-(-)-Sorbitol
Klysitol
L-Glutinol

(E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid; 2-Propenylacrylic acid; alpha-trans-gamma-trans-Sorbic acid; trans,trans-Sorbic acid; Preservastat; Sorbistat; Hexadienoic acid; 1,3-Pentadiene-1-carboxylic acid; Panosorb; (2-Butenylidene)acetic acid; Crotylidene acetic acid; Acide sorbique; Kyselina 1,3-Pentadien-1-karboxylova; Kyselina sorbova; Hexa-2,4-dienoic acid CAS NO: 110-44-1

cas no 1338-39-2 Span® 20; Sorbitan Monoldodecanoate; Sorbitan Laurate; Sorbitan, monododecanoate; Arlacel 20; Anhydrosorbitol monolaurate;

sorbitan monooleate; SPAN 80; Sorbitan Monooleate; Sorbitan oleate; Monodehydrosorbitol monooleate; Sorbitan monooleic acid ester; Sorbitan, mono-9-octadecenoate cas no: 1338-43-8

SORBITAN STEARATE; N° CAS : 1338-41-6 - Stéarate de sorbitan; Origine(s) : Végétale, Animale, Synthétique; Autre langue : Estearato de sorbitano; Nom INCI : SORBITAN STEARATE; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 215-664-9; Sorbitan monostearate; Sorbitan stearate; Sorbitan, monooctadecanoate. IUPAC names: (2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate; 1,4-anhydro-6-O-stearoyl-D-glucitol; 1,4-anhydro-6-O-octadecanoyl-D-glucitol; 1,4-Anhydro-6-O-stearoyl-D-glucitol [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 1,4-Anhydro-6-O-stearoyl-D-glucitol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 1,4-Anhydro-6-O-stearoyl-D-glucitol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 1,4-Anhydro-D-glucitol 6-octadecanoate; 1,4-Anhydro-D-glucitol, 6-octadecanoate; 1338-41-6 [RN]; 1873 ; 215-664-9 [EINECS] [MDL number]; 3028; 6820761; Arlacel 60; D-Glucitol, 1,4-anhydro-, 6-octadecanoate; D-Glucitol, 1,4-anhydro-6-O-(1-oxooctadecyl)- [ACD/Index Name]; Drewsorb 60 ; Durtan 60; Emsorb 2505; Glycomul S; sorbitan monostearate; [(2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] octadecanoate; 1,4-Anhydro-D-glucitol 6-stearate;5093-91-4 [RN] ; 56451-84-4 [RN]; Anhydrosorbitol stearate; Armotan MS; Crill 3; crill k3; Hodag SMS; Ionet S 60; Liposorb S; Liposorb S-20; MFCD00005366 [MDL number]; Montane 60; newc ol 60 ; Nikkol SS 30; Nissan nonion SP 60; NOCAS_872695; Nonion SP 60; Nonion SP 60R; Rikemal S 250; Sorbitan C; Sorbitan monooctadecanoate; Sorbitan stearate;Sorbitan, monooctadecanoate ; Sorbitane monostearate; Sorbon S 60; Sorgen 50; Span 60 (=Sorbitan Monostearate); Span?? 60; Span® 60; Span60. Classification : Tensioactif non ionique. Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS); À SAVOIRLe stéarate de sorbitan est un émulsifiant non ionique (HLB 4,7) qui permet de maintenir l'eau et les huiles mélangées : il crée des émulsions de type Eau dans l'huile. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile)

Synonymes : D-(−)-glucitol, Gulitol, Alcool hexahydrique. No CAS 50-70-4, D-glucitol, E420. Noms français : D-(-)-SORBITOL, D-GLUCITOL, D-SORBITOL, D-SORBOL, SORBITOL, SORBITOL CRISTAUX. Utilisation: Additif alimentaire, fabrication de produits alimentaires. Le sorbitol est un polyol naturel. Il est aussi utilisé comme séquestrant, excipient, humectant ou stabilisant dans les cosmétiques et les aliments. Le sorbitol ou glucitol est un polyol naturel, au pouvoir sucrant deux fois plus faible que le saccharose. À la différence des oses, sa structure ne renferme aucune fonction cétone ou aldéhyde. Il est principalement utilisé comme édulcorant de masse pour remplacer le saccharose. Il est aussi utilisé comme séquestrant, excipient, humectant ou stabilisant, dans les médicaments, les cosmétiques et les aliments. Il est métabolisé lentement par l'organisme et apporte peu de calories. C'est aussi un laxatif lorsqu'il est consommé à haute dose.Le sorbitol tient son nom du sorbier dont les baies contiennent beaucoup de sorbitol. Mais le fruit à plus haute teneur en sorbitol est en fait le pruneau. Le sorbitol est le produit majeur de la photosynthèse, le principal glucide exporté dans le phloème et un produit pour le stockage temporaire du carbone chez les espèces ligneuses de la famille Rosaceae. Chez les espèces dites à sorbitol, la synthèse de celui-ci est en compétition avec celle du saccharose car ces deux sucres ont un précurseur commun, le glucose-6-phosphate. Les mécanismes qui contrôlent et régulent la partition du C entre ces deux voies sont inconnus. Néanmoins, les effets de l'environnement et les conditions de culture peuvent jouer un rôle important pour modifier les flux métaboliques entre le sorbitol, le saccharose et l'amidon. L'accumulation de sorbitol est considérée comme une réponse adaptative des plantes aux contraintes saline, hydrique et de basse température. La synthèse du sorbitol est confinée aux organes sources. Le sorbitol est un polyol comme le glycérol ou le glycol. Il est composé d'une chaîne carbonée de six atomes de carbone et six groupes alcool (un groupe par carbone). Sa formule chimique est C6H14O6 et il est l'isomère de trois autres polyols : dulcitol, mannitol et iditol.En industrie agroalimentaire, cet édulcorant présente de nombreux avantages. Chez l'Homme, le sorbitol est métabolisé de la même façon que le glucose : il apporte la même énergie. Toutefois, son métabolisme étant non insulinodépendant, il n'augmente pas la glycémie. Cette propriété est particulièrement intéressante pour les produits destinés aux diabétiques. Il est non fermentescible par les levures. Possédant une grande capacité de rétention d'eau, le sorbitol est responsable de la consistance moelleuse d'un grand nombre de produits alimentaires. L'eau fixée s'évapore difficilement. Le sorbitol est également utilisé en tant qu'agent de retard de la cristallisation du saccharose dans les produits chocolatés.

L’hydroxyde de sodium, appelé également soude caustique, est un corps chimique composé minéral de formule chimique NaOH, qui est à température ambiante un solide . Il se présente généralement sous forme de paillettes (flakes) ou de billes blanches (pearl) Il est utilisé en tant que réactif pour la saponification. C’est un produit corrosif aussi utilisé pour nettoyer les installations industrielles. Numéro CAS : 1310-73-2

soy lecithin; Soybean lecithin; 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine cas no: 8002-43-5

Soy Lecithin food grade is obtained from soybeans and other plant sources.
Soy Lecithin food grade is a complex mixture of acetone-insoluble phosphatides that consists chiefly of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl etha nolamine, and phosphatidyl inositol, combined with various amounts of other substances such as triglycerides, fatty acids, and carbohydrates.
Refined grades of lecithin may contain any of these components in varying proportions and combinations depending on the type of fractionation used.

CAS: 8002-43-5
MF: C42H80NO8P
MW: 758.06
EINECS: 232-307-2

Synonyms: LECITHIN;Soybean phospholipid;8002-43-5;17708-90-6;1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;Soybean lecithin;1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine;PALMITOYL-LINOLEOYL PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE;Phosphatidylcholine(16:0/18:2w6);PC(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z));PC(16:0/18:2n6);6UCA7I41S8;L-alpha-Lecithin;Phosphatidylcholine(16:0/18:2);GPCho(16:0/18:2);1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;[(2R)-3-hexadecanoyloxy-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl]oxypropyl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate;1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-phosphatidylcholine;1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-sn-glycerophosphatidylcholine;PC 34:2;3,5,8-Trioxa-4-phosphahexacosa-17,20-dien-1-aminium, 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-9-oxo-7-(((1-oxohexadecyl)oxy)methyl)-, inner salt, 4-oxide, (7R,17Z,20Z)-;PC(16:0/18:2);Azolectin;Lecithin, bovine;Lecithin, Refined;Soybean phosphatide;LMGP01010594;Phosphatidylserine Powder;SOYBEAN PHOSPHOLIPIDS;UNII-6UCA7I41S8;1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPC;SCHEMBL234615;CHEBI:73002;GPCho(16:0/18:2omega6);PC(16:0/18:2omega6)
DTXSID301334203;L-alpha-Phosphatidylcholine, 90%;HY-B2235;MFCD00082428;MFCD00131449;1-16:0-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine;CS-7874;DB02306;FS-8120;Phosphatidylcholine(16:0/18:2omega6);1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine;GPC(16:0/18:2);phosphatidylcholine 16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)
1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPC (16:0/18:2);16:0-18:2-PC;L-alpha-1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine;Soy PC, L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (Soy), powder;1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerophosphatidylcholine;Q27105002;Soy PC, L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (Soy), chloroform;L-.ALPHA.-1-PALMITOYL-2-LINOLEOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE;Heart PC, L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (Heart, Bovine), powder;16:0-18:2 PC, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, chloroform;16:0-18:2 PC, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, powder;2-Linoleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, >=97% (GC), >=99% (TLC);(2-{[3-(hexadecanoyloxy)-2-[octadeca-9.12-dienoyloxy]propyl phosphono]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium;(2R)-3-(hexadecanoyloxy)-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]propyl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate;(2R)-3-(hexadecanoyloxy)-2-[(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxy]propyl 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate

In its oil-free form, the prepon-derance of triglycerides and fatty acids is removed and Soy Lecithin food grade contains 90% or more of phosphatides representing all or certain fractions of the total phosphatide complex.
The consistency of both natural grades and refined grades of Soy Lecithin food grade may vary from plastic to fluid, depending upon free fatty acid and oil content, and upon the presence or absence of other diluents.
Soy Lecithin food grade's color varies from light yellow to brown, depending on the source, on crop variations, and on whether it is bleached or unbleached.
Soy Lecithin food grade is odorless or has a characteristic, slight nutlike odor and a bland taste.
Edible diluents, such as cocoa butter and vegetable oils, often replace soybean oil to improve functional and flavor characteris tics.
Soy Lecithin food grade is only partially soluble in water, but it readily hydrates to form emulsions.
The oil-free phosphatides are soluble in fatty acids, but are practically insoluble in fixed oils.

When all phosphatide fractions are present, Soy Lecithin food grade is partially soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in acetone.
A glycerophosphocholine compound having O-acyl substituents at both the 1- and 2-positions of the glycerol.
Soy Lecithin food grade is a major constituent of cell membranes.
Soy Lecithin food grade is a fat-like substance that consists of a glycerol molecule with three fatty acids attached to it.
Soy Lecithin food grade is found in the membranes of cells and has many biological functions, including acting as an emulsifier and being involved in the uptake of cholesterol from the blood stream.
Soy Lecithin food grade also has antioxidant properties, which have been shown by its ability to inhibit oxidation of α-tocopherol.
Soy Lecithin food grade can be used as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases and other conditions linked to oxidative stress.

Soy Lecithin food grade Chemical Properties
Melting point: >145°C (dec.)
Density: d424 1.0305
Fp: 57 °C
Storage temp.: -20°C
Solubility chloroform: 0.1 g/mL, slightly hazy, slightly yellow to deep orange
Form: solution
Color: Pale Brown to Yellow
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland fatty
Water Solubility: NEGLIGIBLE
Merck: 14,5429
BRN: 5209585
Stability: Stable, but light, heat, moisture and air-sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: FWMYJLDHIVCJCT-VSZGHEPYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 8002-43-5
EPA Substance Registry System: Soy Lecithin food grade (8002-43-5)

Soy Lecithin food grade vary greatly in their physical form, from viscous semiliquids to powders, depending upon the free fatty acid content.
They may also vary in color from brown to light yellow, depending upon whether they are bleached or unbleached or on the degree of purity.
When they are exposed to air, rapid oxidation occurs, also resulting in a dark yellow or brown color.
Soy Lecithin food grade have practically no odor.
Those derived from vegetable sources have a bland or nutlike taste, similar to that of soybean oil.

Uses
Soy Lecithin food grade is an emulsifier.
Edible and digestible surfactant and emulsifier of natural origin.
Used in margarine, chocolate and in the food industry in general.
In pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Many other industrial uses, e.g. treating leather and textiles.
Soy Lecithin food grade is a natural emollient, emulsifier, anti-oxidant, and spreading agent, lecithin is a hydrophilic ingredient that attracts water and acts as a moisturizer.
generally obtained for cosmetic products from eggs and soybeans, Soy Lecithin food grade is found in all living organisms.
Soy Lecithin food grade is an emulsifier that is a mixture of phosphatides which are typically surface-active.

Soy Lecithin food grade is now commercially obtained from soy- beans; previously it was obtained from egg yolk.
Soy Lecithin food grade is used in marga- rine as an emulsifier and antispatter agent; in chocolate manufacture it controls flow properties by reducing viscosity and reducing the cocoa butter content from 3 to 5%; Soy Lecithin food grade is used as a wetting agent in cocoa powder, fillings, and beverage powders; an antisticking agent in griddling fat; and in baked goods to assist the shortening mix with other dough ingredients and to stabilize air cells.
Soy Lecithin food grade typical usage levels range from 0.1 to 1.0%.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Soy Lecithin food grade are used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical applications.
They are also used in cosmetics and food products.
Soy Lecithin food grade are mainly used in pharmaceutical products as dispersing, emulsifying, and stabilizing agents, and are included in intramuscular and intravenous injections, parenteral nutrition formulations, and topical products such as creams and ointments.
Soy Lecithin food grade are also used in suppository bases, to reduce the brittleness of suppositories, and have been investigated for their absorption-enhancing properties in an intranasal insulin formulation.
Soy Lecithin food grade are also commonly used as a component of enteral and parenteral nutrition formulations.
There is evidence that phosphatidylcholine (a major component of Soy Lecithin food grade) is important as a nutritional supplement to fetal and infant development.
Furthermore, choline is a required component of FDA-approved infant formulas.
Other studies have indicated that lecithin can protect against alcohol cirrhosis of the liver, lower serum cholesterol levels, and improve mental and physical performance.
Liposomes in which lecithin is included as a component of the bilayer have been used to encapsulate drug substances; their potential as novel delivery systems has been investigated.
This application generally requires purified lecithins combined in specific proportions.
Therapeutically, Soy Lecithin food grade and derivatives have been used as a pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

Production Methods
Soy Lecithin food grade are essential components of cell membranes and, in principle, may be obtained from a wide variety of living matter.
In practice, however, Soy Lecithin food grade are usually obtained from vegetable products such as soybean, peanut, cottonseed, sunflower, rapeseed, corn, or groundnut oils.
Soy Lecithin food grade is the most commercially important vegetable lecithin.
Soy Lecithin food grade obtained from eggs is also commercially important and was the first lecithin to be discovered.

Vegetable Soy Lecithin food grade are obtained as a by-product in the vegetable oil refining process.
Polar lipids are extracted with hexane and, after removal of the solvent, a crude vegetable oil is obtained.
Soy Lecithin food grade is then removed from the crude oil by water extraction.
Following drying, the lecithin may be further purified.
With Soy Lecithin food grade, a different manufacturing process must be used since the lecithin in egg yolks is more tightly bound to proteins than in vegetable sources.
Soy Lecithin food grade is thus obtained by solvent extraction from liquid egg yolks using acetone or from freeze-dried egg yolks using ethanol (95%).
Synthetic lecithins may also be produced.

Biochem/physiol Actions
Soy Lecithin food grade also acts as a source of lipid messengers/ bioactive lipids including: lysophosphatidylcholine, diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, arachidonic acid and platelet activating factor.
Soy Lecithin food grade is produced in the liver by the CDP-choline (cytidine diphosphocholine) pathway.

HYDROLYSEDSOYA; BEANPROTEIN; SOYPROTEINISOLATEETHANOLWASHED; TEXTUREDSOYPROTEIN; ISOLATEDSOYPROTEINS; Isolated soya protein; The soybeanprotein isolate; Soy Protein Concentrate/Textured/Isolate; SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE CAS NO:9010-10-0

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) offers significant regulatory and safety advantages over petroleum solvents and addresses the numerous EPA and environmental issues facing solvent users.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is nontoxic and nonflammable and is an extremely efficient solvent for industries in the printing, chemical formulating and adhesives markets.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is USDA BioPreferred Biobased Certified, which qualifies it for government work.

CAS Number: 67784-80-9
EINECS Number: 267-055-2

Synonyms: 8013-07-8, 2,3-bis[8-[3-[(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)methyl]oxiran-2-yl]octanoyloxy]propyl 8-[3-[(3-pentyloxiran-2-yl)methyl]oxiran-2-yl]octanoate, 3214-50-4, 2-Oxiraneoctanoic acid, 3-[(3-pentyl-2-oxiranyl)methyl]-, 1,1',1''-(1,2,3-propanetriyl) ester, JJGBFZZXKPWGCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N, ESBO, Soybean oil, epoxidized, Epoxidized soya bean oil, SCHEMBL11940813, DTXSID901125905, .G73535,1,1a(2),1a(2)a(2)-(1,2,3-Propanetriyl) tris[3-[(3-pentyl-2-oxiranyl)methyl]-2-oxiraneoctanoate]

These bio-based, biodegradable, non toxic, low Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) high performing solvents derived from American grown soybeans are the “green” choice for solvents which meet stringent EPA clean air and other environmental challenges.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)s effective solvency is low in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has a high flash point, is nontoxic, and is compatible with other organic solvents and most metals, plastics, and elastomers.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester), commonly known as biodiesel, is a renewable, biodegradable fuel derived from soybean oil through a process called transesterification.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)s are 100% soybean oil-based methyl esters that act as natural, multipurpose solvents.
They offer significant regulatory and safety advantages over petroleum solvents and fuels, addressing the numerous EPA and environmental issues facing solvent users today.
Common applications are as a lubricity component in diesel fuel for consumers seeking environmentally safe alternatives and as a cost-effective cleaning agent.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is an extremely efficient solvent for industries such as printing, chemical formulating, and adhesives.
They are non-toxic and non-flammable.
A 100 percent Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) that acts as a natural, multipurpose solvent.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)s are methyl esters, derived from soybean oil, in the form of a clear liquid.
They serve as a green alternative to harsher synthetic solvents.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is commonly used in coatings, cosmetics, detergents, leather finishings, liquid soaps, personal care items, surfactants, and biofuels.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester), better known as biodiesel, of importance to its use as a solvent in liquid–liquid separations have been examined.
Partition coefficients of several organic species between Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)–water have been determined and compared to log P (1-octanol–water).
The free energy of transfer of a methylene group has been obtained and the solvent properties of the SBME–water system determined from distribution data of a small solute set using Abraham's generalized solvation equation.

Solute distribution behavior is similar to that found for conventional organic solvent–water systems, but is most similar to other vegetable oils such as olive oil.
As companies strive to improve safety for their employees and meet requlatory requirements, interest in biobased products that can replace petroleum-based chemicals is growing.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester), a biobased solvent made from soybean oil, is an excellent replacment for petrochemical solvents.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) offers numerous advantages over traditional solvents.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester), also known as Methyl Soyate, is greatly used as an industrial cleaning solvent.
The EPA has listed Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) on the National Contingency Plan product for oil spills.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)It is also licensed by the state of California as a shoreline cleaner.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is mainly recommended or non-transportation industrial applications.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester), is the product that is created when soy oil esters, which are derived from the soybean plant, undergo transesterification.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is the process in which a glyceride is allowed to react with an alcohol, such as methanol or ethanol, as well as an acid or base catalyst.
This forms a fatty acid alkyl ester and different alcohol.
The fatty acid alkyl ester that results from soy oil is soy methyl ester.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)s effective solvency, is low in volatile organic compounds, has a high flashpoint, is nontoxic, and is compatible with other organic solvents and most metals, plastics, and elastomers.
Common applications for Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) are as a lubricity component in diesel fuel for consumers seeking environmentally safe alternatives and as a cost-effective cleaning agent.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is an efficient solvent for industries such as printing, chemical formulating, and adhesives.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is intended to be used as a replacement for petroleum diesel or it can be blended with petroleum diesel fuel in any proportion, so called, “Biodiesel” and is generally regarded as being more environmentally friendly.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)s are methyl esters, derived from soybean oil, in the form of a clear liquid.
They serve as a green alternative to harsher synthetic solvents.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is commonly used in coatings, cosmetics, detergents, leather finishings, liquid soaps, personal care items, surfactants, and biofuels.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is a clean alternative fuel which can be produced from many renewable resources.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) like other vegetable oils can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is processed through transesterification to produce palm oil methyl ester.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester), is a soy-based derivative produced by transesterification of soy oil esters.
Transesterification is the process of exchanging an organic group of an ester with an organic group of an alcohol; these reactions often involve an acid or base catalyst.

Along with the above properties, Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) evaporates slowly which is prolongs the solvent action time and reduces the solvent usage.
Furthermore, Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) has gained more popularity as a carrier solvent alternative for MEK, Toluene, and Xylene in coating products, and as a replacement for MEK and MeCL in adhesives.
Additionally, the previously mentioned chemicals are suspected carcinogens while Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) has no evidence towards being a carcinogen.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is composed of methyl esters of fatty acids.
This results from reacting soybean oil with methanol in the presence of a catalyst, typically sodium or potassium hydroxide.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) has similar properties to conventional diesel fuel, but with higher oxygen content, which leads to more complete combustion and lower emissions of particulates and unburned hydrocarbons.

The Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) reacts with methanol (an alcohol) in the presence of a catalyst.
This reaction produces glycerin and methyl esters (biodiesel).
The glycerin is separated and can be used in other industries.

The methyl esters are purified to remove any impurities or residual methanol.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) can be used in pure form (B100) or blended with petroleum diesel in various ratios (e.g., B20, which is 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel).
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) reduces greenhouse gas emissions, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons compared to conventional diesel.

As a plant-based product, it is renewable and supports agricultural economies.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in diesel engines for cars, trucks, buses, and even some trains and ships.
Can be used as a heating oil alternative.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used as a solvent and in various industrial applications.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is a renewable resource.
Lower emissions compared to fossil fuels.

Reduces dependency on imported oil.
Large-scale production requires significant agricultural output.
Can be higher than conventional diesel.

May require additives or blending with petroleum diesel to improve performance in cold temperatures.
Biodiesel production has been growing steadily, with significant contributions from countries like the United States, Brazil, Argentina, and members of the European Union.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in various sectors, including transportation, agriculture, and heating.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is commonly blended with petroleum diesel in various proportions.
Countries with large soybean production, such as the U.S. and Brazil, are major exporters of biodiesel.
Importing countries often have policies promoting renewable energy to reduce fossil fuel dependency.

Many countries have implemented standards that mandate the blending of biodiesel with conventional diesel to promote the use of renewable fuels.
Financial incentives and subsidies are critical in making biodiesel competitive with fossil fuels.
Examples include tax credits, grants, and rebates for production facilities and consumers.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) from soybeans can significantly reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil diesel.
The CO2 absorbed by soy plants during growth offsets emissions from combustion.
Studies have shown significant reductions in emissions of pollutants like particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HC), and sulfur oxides (SOx).

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) cultivation can improve soil health through crop rotation practices, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers and enhancing soil biodiversity.
Adoption of sustainable farming techniques, such as no-till farming and integrated pest management, can further mitigate environmental impacts.
Increasing use of waste oils and fats for biodiesel production helps in waste management and reduces the environmental burden of disposing of these wastes.

The biodiesel industry supports agricultural jobs, from farming to processing.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)s are also created in biodiesel production facilities, distribution networks, and ancillary industries.
By producing biodiesel domestically, countries can reduce their reliance on imported fossil fuels, enhancing energy security and economic stability.

The price of soybean oil can fluctuate based on crop yields, weather conditions, and global demand, impacting the overall economics of biodiesel production.
There is an ongoing debate about the use of food crops for fuel, which can influence food prices and availability.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) combustion produces fewer toxic pollutants, improving air quality and reducing health risks associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is less toxic and more biodegradable than petroleum diesel, reducing health risks for workers handling the fuel.
Advances in biotechnology could lead to soybean varieties with higher oil content or other desirable traits, improving biodiesel yield and efficiency.
Development of more efficient catalysts can lower production costs and enhance the sustainability of the biodiesel production process.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) with other renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind, can create hybrid energy systems that are more resilient and sustainable.
Stronger regulatory support and international agreements on renewable energy can drive the growth of the biodiesel industry.
Policies promoting research and development, as well as infrastructure improvements, are crucial.

Expansion into emerging markets with growing energy needs presents a significant opportunity for the biodiesel industry.
Developing economies can benefit from renewable energy solutions to support their growth sustainably.
Increasing public awareness about the benefits of biodiesel and other renewable fuels can drive consumer demand and support for these technologies.

Odor: mild odor
FDA UNII: 808DL597QP
Density at: +15 °C 860
Viscosity @40°C,: cSt 8.0
Ester Content %(m/m): 96.5
Volatile organic compounds:
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is brought to the attention of the CSWG because of its potential for rapidly increasing use.
A technical product prepared from soy oil and methanol, Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is the most commonly used biodiesel fuel in the United States.
If modest projections for the use of biodiesel, i.e., 8 percent of highway diesel consumption, are met in the next few years, biodiesel production could reach 2 billion gallons per year.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) also shows promise as an industrial solvent to substitute for chlorinated hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon solvents, which would further extend its exposure potential.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is a mixture of long-chain fatty acid methyl esters.
This class of chemicals has not been well characterized as to carcinogenic activity; very limited evidence raises an unresolved question about possible weak activity as a skin tumor promoter.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)s are generally nonmutagenic.
Some researchers suggest that fatty acid ethyl esters may play a role in ethanolinduced organ damage.
This innovative solvent is quickly gaining popularity as a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based solvents.

In this blog post, ’ll dive into the environmental advantages of using Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) in various products, explore its excellent solvent properties, and highlight its market applications.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester), is made from renewable resources like soybeans and has a low environmental impact.
As a bio-based alternative to traditional solvents, Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) solvents offers many advantages.

Not only is it biodegradable and non-toxic, it also leaves no harmful impact on the environment.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) has a low VOC content, which means it releases fewer volatile organic compounds into the air, making it a safe and sustainable solution.
With a mild scent and amazing solvency power, Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is the ideal solvent for various applications, including coatings, adhesives, and cleaning products.

What’s more, Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) boasts a high flash point, giving it an added safety edge in handling and storage.
This versatile solvent can dissolve a wide range of materials, such as oils, grease, and resins, making it a must-have for businesses looking for a safe and effective cleaning agent.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)’s also 96.5% bio-based and made from entirely renewable sources.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is a methyl ester derived from soybean oil, and is a methyl ester mixture made up of saturated and unsaturated C16 to C18 fatty acids.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is a low-cost, readily biodegradable alternative that can replace most of the traditional chlorinated and petroleum solvents.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) finds use as a carrier solvent and adjuvant.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) has a high solvency with a Kauri-butanol (KB) value of around 58 and has low toxicity.
In comparison to most commercial solvents, Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is safer to handle and store due to its high flashpoint of approximately 170 degrees Celsius and high boiling point of well over 200 degrees Celsius.
In addition, soya methyl ester is not an ozone-depleting chemical (ODC), hazardous air pollutant or volatile organic compound (VOC).

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) includes a variety of applications that range from cosmetic/ personal uses to industrial applications.
Due to Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)’s slow evaporation time, this becomes an advantage with ink removal and paint stripping.
Due to its cleaning properties, the solvent is appearing more in consumer products including hand sanitizers, skin lotions, nail polish removers, and automobile polishes.

In an industrial setting, Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is an ideal solvent for industrial cleaning and degreasing.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) may also be used within paints and lacquers which raises the flashpoint and slows the overall drying time.
Additionally, it is found within adhesive and anti-graffiti products for cleanup.

Beyond Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)’s cleaning applications, different forms may be used as renewable fuel for diesel engines.
Due to its low renewable and organic structure, Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is seen as a safer alternative both within the workplace and for the environment.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is becoming the ideal replacement for petroleum and chlorinated products due to their harsh health and environmental impacts.

Additionally, several petroleum-based products contain a higher VOC content which contributes to smog creation within the ozone while Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) has a low VOC.
The use of biofuels reduces the net CO2 by seventy-eight percent compared to the use of petroleum as a fuel.
Since Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is an organic compound, that also makes it biodegradable which becomes ideal environmentally.

The EPA placed a Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) solvent on the National Contingency Plan product schedule for oil spills due to it being used to clean up and recover spilled petroleum products from shorelines.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is extracted from soybeans using mechanical pressing or solvent extraction.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is refined to remove impurities, free fatty acids, and other contaminants that could hinder the transesterification process.

Common catalysts used are sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH).
In some advanced methods, enzyme catalysts or acid catalysts might be used.
The reaction typically occurs at temperatures between 50-60°C and involves a molar ratio of methanol to oil of about 6:1.

The process takes several hours, depending on the catalyst and conditions used.
Once the reaction is complete, the mixture is allowed to settle. Glycerin, being denser, settles at the bottom and is separated from the methyl esters (biodiesel).
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is washed with water to remove residual catalyst, glycerin, and other impurities.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is then dried to remove any remaining water.
In some cases, Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is distilled to remove any remaining impurities and to ensure it meets the required fuel standards.
The final product undergoes various tests to ensure it meets standards such as ASTM D6751 in the United States or EN 14214 in Europe.

Reduces emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter (PM).
The carbon dioxide (CO2) released during combustion is offset by the CO2 absorbed by soy plants during their growth cycle.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is biodegradable, reducing the impact of spills.

Reduces reliance on imported oil and enhances energy security.
Supports agricultural economies and provides an additional revenue stream for farmers.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) has superior lubricating properties compared to conventional diesel, which can extend engine life.

Can be used in existing diesel engines with little or no modifications.
Large-scale production requires significant agricultural land, potentially impacting food production and prices.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)s can be affected by climate conditions, impacting the stability of supply.

Higher than conventional diesel due to the cost of feedstock and processing.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) prices can be volatile, influenced by the price of soybeans and fossil fuels.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) can gel in cold temperatures, requiring the use of additives or blending with petroleum diesel.

Slightly lower energy content per gallon compared to conventional Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester), resulting in slightly lower fuel efficiency.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) must meet specific standards (e.g., ASTM D6751, EN 14214) to ensure quality and performance.
Many governments offer subsidies, tax credits, and other incentives to promote biodiesel production and use.

Some regions have mandates requiring a certain percentage of Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) in diesel fuel (e.g., B5, B20).
Research into algae as a high-yield feedstock for biodiesel.
Increasing use of waste cooking oils and animal fats to reduce reliance on food crops.

Development of enzyme-based catalysts that work at lower temperatures and produce fewer by-products.
Use of solid catalysts to simplify the separation and purification processes.
Processes that use supercritical methanol to increase reaction rates and efficiency without the need for a catalyst.

Development of continuous flow reactors to improve scalability and reduce costs.
Efforts to further reduce the carbon footprint of Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) production through renewable energy and improved agricultural practices.
Implementation of certification schemes to ensure sustainable and ethical sourcing of feedstocks.

Uses:
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) may be used in the production of detergents, soaps, textile and rubber additives, along with lubricants.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) can be used to clean up and recover spilled petroleum products from shorelines and streams.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) may also be used within paint and lacquer thinners by raising their flash points and slows the drying time.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used as an industrial cleaning solvent.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) can be used in diesel engines of cars, trucks, buses, and motorcycles.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is often used in blends with petroleum diesel (e.g., B20, which is 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel).

Many commercial and government fleets use biodiesel to reduce their carbon footprint and meet regulatory requirements for renewable energy use.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in marine diesel engines to reduce emissions and pollution in marine environments.
Some railways use biodiesel blends to power their diesel locomotives, contributing to lower emissions and better air quality around rail corridors.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) can be used as a heating oil for residential heating systems, either in its pure form (B100) or as a blend with traditional heating oil.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in commercial and industrial boilers and furnaces to provide heat for buildings and industrial processes.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in backup and standby generators for hospitals, data centers, and other critical infrastructure to provide reliable power during outages.

Some power plants use biodiesel as a fuel to generate electricity, contributing to a renewable energy mix.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in agricultural machinery, reducing the environmental impact of farming operations.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) powers diesel engines used in irrigation pumps and other farm equipment.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) can be used as a solvent in cleaning applications, particularly for removing oil and grease.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used as a lubricant and cutting fluid in metalworking processes due to its superior lubricating properties.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) can be a feedstock for the production of various chemicals, including those used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, and other industrial products.

Use of Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants, contributing to cleaner air and reduced environmental impact.
Organizations and governments use Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) as part of carbon offset strategies to meet sustainability goals and reduce carbon footprints.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in research to develop new biofuel technologies and improve production processes for greater efficiency and sustainability.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in educational institutions for teaching about renewable energy, sustainable practices, and chemical engineering.
Many public transportation systems use biodiesel blends to power buses, contributing to lower emissions in urban areas.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in municipal vehicles, such as garbage trucks and public works vehicles, to promote environmental sustainability.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in range extenders for electric vehicles (EVs) to provide additional power and increase driving range without relying solely on fossil fuels.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in processes to produce hydrogen for fuel cells, combining the benefits of biodiesel with the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell technology.
Research is ongoing into converting Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) into aviation biofuel (bio-jet fuel), which can be used in commercial and military aircraft to reduce aviation’s carbon footprint.

Communities and local cooperatives produce Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) from locally sourced feedstocks, promoting local energy independence and sustainability.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) production and use are taught in community workshops and educational programs, raising awareness about renewable energy and sustainable practices.
Urban farms use Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) to power machinery and equipment, creating closed-loop systems where waste oil from urban areas is converted into biodiesel.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in maritime shipping to reduce emissions from large cargo ships, contributing to cleaner ocean transportation.
Emergency response vehicles, such as fire trucks and ambulances, use Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) to ensure reliable performance and reduce emissions during rescue operations.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) powers recreational vehicles (RVs), boats, and other outdoor equipment, providing an eco-friendly alternative for outdoor enthusiasts.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in bioremediation efforts to clean up oil spills.
Its biodegradability helps break down and neutralize harmful pollutants.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used to treat contaminated soils, biodiesel can help in the restoration of brownfield sites by promoting microbial activity that degrades pollutants.

The military uses Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) in tactical vehicles and equipment for field operations, enhancing energy security and reducing logistical challenges associated with fuel supply.
Military bases use Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) for power generation and heating, reducing reliance on external fuel supplies and enhancing operational security.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) by-products are used to create biopesticides and fertilizers, promoting sustainable agriculture practices.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)-powered equipment is used for drying crops, providing an efficient and eco-friendly method for preserving agricultural produce.
Municipalities use Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) in public transport and service vehicles to improve air quality and reduce health risks associated with pollution.
Hospitals use biodiesel in backup generators to ensure clean and reliable power during emergencies, protecting vulnerable populations from power outages.

Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in sustainable art projects and installations that highlight environmental issues and promote renewable energy.
Festivals and cultural events use Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)-powered generators and equipment to minimize their environmental impact and promote sustainability.
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is used in aquaculture to power equipment and maintain sustainable fish farming practices, reducing the environmental footprint of fish production.

Eco-tourism companies use Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester)-powered boats to provide environmentally friendly tours, preserving natural habitats and promoting conservation.
Municipalities convert waste cooking oil and other organic waste into Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester), reducing landfill waste and creating a sustainable fuel source.
Companies implement waste oil recycling programs to produce Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester), enhancing their sustainability credentials and reducing waste disposal costs.

Safety Profie:
Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) is flammable, though it has a higher flash point (typically around 130°C or 266°F) compared to petroleum diesel, which means it is less prone to ignition.
However, it can still catch fire if exposed to a flame or intense heat.
While biodiesel is biodegradable, large spills can still cause environmental harm, particularly to aquatic ecosystems if not managed properly.

Spills can lead to oxygen depletion in water bodies, affecting marine life.
Residual methanol from the production process can be toxic. Exposure to methanol can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, and, in severe cases, central nervous system depression and blindness.

Residual catalysts Soy methyl ester (soybean oil methyl ester) or acids used in the production process can be corrosive, posing risks to skin and eyes upon contact.
Inhalation of biodiesel fumes can cause respiratory irritation.
This risk is generally lower compared to petroleum diesel, but prolonged exposure in poorly ventilated areas can still be harmful.

soybean oil; diethanolamine condensate; Upamide DEA; Amides, soya, N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)-; Soybean fatty acid diethanolamine condensate CAS NO:68425-47-8

Soya Methyl Ester is also known as Methyl Soyate.
Soya Methyl Ester is an ester of methyl alcohol and Soy Acid.


CAS Number: 67784-80-9
EC Number: 267-055-2


Soya Methyl Ester is classified under CAS No.67784-80-9.
Soya Methyl Ester, or Methyl Soyate, is a soy-based derivative produced by transesterification of soy oil esters.
Transesterification is the process of exchanging an organic group of an ester with an organic group of an alcohol; these reactions often involve an acid or base catalyst.


A 100 percent soybean-oil-based methyl ester that acts as a natural, multipurpose solvent.
Soya Methyl Ester offers significant regulatory and safety advantages over petroleum solvents and addresses the numerous EPA and environmental issues facing solvent users.


Soya Methyl Ester is nontoxic and nonflammable and is an extremely efficient solvent for industries in the printing, chemical formulating and adhesives markets.
Soya Methyl Ester is USDA BioPreferred Biobased Certified, which qualifies it for government work.


Soya Methyl Ester is also known as Methyl Soyate.
As companies strive to improve safety for their employees and meet regulatory requirements, interest in bio-based products that can replace petroleum-based chemicals is growing.


Soya Methyl Ester offers numerous advantages over traditional solvents.
Soya Methyl Ester or Methyl Soyate is a methyl ester derived from soybean oil, and is a methyl ester mixture made up of saturated and unsaturated C16 to C18 fatty acids.


Soya Methyl Ester, a bio-based solvent made from soybean oil, is an excellent replacement for petrochemical solvents.
Soya Methyl Ester is a low-cost, readily biodegradable alternative that can replace most of the traditional chlorinated and petroleum solvents.
Soya Methyl Ester has a high solvency with a Kauri-butanol (KB) value of around 58 and has low toxicity.


In comparison to most commercial solvents, Soya Methyl Ester is safer to handle and store due to its high flashpoint of approximately 170 degrees Celsius and high boiling point of well over 200 degrees Celsius.
In addition, soya methyl ester is not an ozone-depleting chemical (ODC), hazardous air pollutant or volatile organic compound (VOC).



USES and APPLICATIONS of SOYA METHYL ESTER:
Soya Methyl Ester is used Biodiesel additive, base stock, lubricants, solvent, parts cleaning, asphalt cleaner, hair gel, skin care, wax, candles, land remediation.
One of the early applications for Soya Methyl Ester was in fuels and lubricants.


Numerous lubricant products are being marketed or are in development, including household lubricant sprays, metalworking fluids, form-release agents for asphalt, and concrete and lubricity additives.
The uses for Soya Methyl Ester include printing ink removal, paint stripping, metal de-greasing, oil spill clean-up and resin removal.


Numerous consumer products also are based on Soya Methyl Ester including hand cleaners, body lotions, car waxes and safe household cleaners.
Soya Methyl Ester provides effective solvency is low in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has a high flash point, is nontoxic, and is compatible with other organic solvents and most metals, plastics, and elastomers.


In most applications, Soya Methyl Ester is formulated with co solvents or surfactants to meet specific performance requirements.
Slow evaporation can be an advantage in many applications, such as ink removal and paint stripping, by extending the duration of solvent action and reducing solvent usage.


Blending Soya Methyl Ester with other organic solvents can synergistically enhance the properties of each individual solvent.
Soya Methyl Ester can be used in cosmetics as an emollient which means it makes the hair feel smooth and soft also as skin conditioning agent.
Soya Methyl Ester finds use as a carrier solvent and adjuvant.


Soya Methyl Ester has numerous applications in several industries.
Amongst many uses, the most important one is Soya Methyl Ester's application as an alternative green fuel for petroleum-based products.
Soya Methyl Ester is used Biodiesel additive, Base stock, Lubricants, Solvent, Parts cleaning, Asphalt cleaner, Hair gel, Skin care, Wax, Candles, and Land remediation.


Soya Methyl Ester is used biodiesel additive, base stock, lubricants, solvent, parts cleaning, asphalt cleaner, hair gel, skin care, wax, candles, land remediation.
Soya Methyl Ester can be used as an industrial cleaning solvent as a replacement in metal cleaning and precision cleaning applications.


Soya Methyl Ester also works well as a diluent when blended with other Cargill base oils to reduce viscosity.
In preparation of adjuvants, Soya Methyl Ester is an ideal oil phase component.
Soya Methyl Ester includes a variety of applications that range from cosmetic/ personal uses to industrial applications.


Due to Soya Methyl Ester’s slow evaporation time, this becomes an advantage with ink removal and paint stripping.
Due to Soya Methyl Ester's cleaning properties, the solvent is appearing more in consumer products including hand sanitizers, skin lotions, nail polish removers, and automobile polishes.
In an industrial setting, Soya Methyl Ester is an ideal solvent for industrial cleaning and degreasing.


Soya Methyl Ester may also be used within paints and lacquers which raises the flashpoint and slows the overall drying time.
Additionally, Soya Methyl Ester is found within adhesive and anti-graffiti products for cleanup.
Beyond Soya Methyl Ester’s cleaning applications, different forms may be used as renewable fuel for diesel engines.



THE BENEFITS OF SOYA METHYL ESTER:
The benefits of Soya Methyl Ester include:
*Soya Methyl Ester is 100% Biodegradable.
*Soya Methyl Ester is easy and inexpensive to recycle.
*Soya Methyl Ester is renewable- made from soybeans.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOYA METHYL ESTER:
Soya Methyl Ester provides effective solvency is low in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has a high flash point, is nontoxic, and is compatible with other organic solvents and most metals, plastics, and elastomers.



ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SOYA METHYL ESTER:
Due to its low renewable and organic structure, Soya Methyl Ester is seen as a safer alternative both within the workplace and for the environment.
Soya Methyl Ester is becoming the ideal replacement for petroleum and chlorinated products due to their harsh health and environmental impacts.
Additionally, several petroleum-based products contain a higher VOC content which contributes to smog creation within the ozone while Soya Methyl Ester has a low VOC.

The use of biofuels reduces the net CO2 by seventy-eight percent compared to the use of petroleum as a fuel.
Since Soya Methyl Ester is an organic compound, that also makes it biodegradable which becomes ideal environmentally.
The EPA placed a Soya Methyl Ester solvent on the National Contingency Plan product schedule for oil spills due to it being used to clean up and recover spilled petroleum products from shorelines.



SOYA METHYL ESTER INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES:
Soya Methyl Ester has low in VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds), high flashpoint, and Nontoxic.
Along with the above properties, Soya Methyl Ester evaporates slowly which is prolongs the solvent action time and reduces the solvent usage.
Furthermore, Soya Methyl Ester has gained more popularity as a carrier solvent alternative for MEK, Toluene, and Xylene in coating products, and as a replacement for MEK and MeCL in adhesives.
Additionally, the previously mentioned chemicals are suspected carcinogens while Soya Methyl Ester has no evidence towards being a carcinogen.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SOYA METHYL ESTER:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Soluble in: water, 0.01981 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Appearance: Light Yellow
Physical State: Liquid
Odor: Bland
Odor Threshold: Not Applicable
pH: Not Applicable
Flash Point: Greater than 218˚ C
Autoignition Temperature: Not auto-flammable
Boiling point: Not Applicable
Melting/Freezing Point: Not Applicable
Decomposition temperature: No information available
Oxidizing Properties: Not expected to be oxidizing
Water Solubility: Insoluble
Solubility: Soluble in many organic solvents
Evaporation Rate: No information available
Vapor Pressure: No information available
Vapor Density: No information available
Specific Gravity / Relative Density: Approx. 0.9 (H2O=1)
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): No information available



FIRST AID MEASURES of SOYA METHYL ESTER:
-Description of First Aid Measures:
*General Advice:
No hazards which require special first aid measures.
When symptoms persist or in all cases of doubt seek medical advice.
*Eye Contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water, also under the eyelids.
*Skin Contact:
Wash off with warm water and soap.
*Inhalation:
Move to fresh air.
*Ingestion:
No special measures required.
Health injuries are not known or expected under normal use.
-Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
*Eyes:
Not expected to pose health issues for the eye.
*Ingestion:
Health injuries are not known or expected under normal use.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
*Notes to Physician:
Treat symptomatically



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SOYA METHYL ESTER:
-Personal Precautions:
Material can create slippery conditions.
-Environmental Precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not allow product to reach soil, sewage system or any water course.
-Methods for Clean-up:
Dam up.
Soak up with inert absorbent material.
Use dry spill kit material or sand, collect in appropriate containers.
Clean contaminated surface thoroughly.
-Other Information:
Oil soaked materials may spontaneously combust



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SOYA METHYL ESTER:
-Flammable Properties:
**Extinguishing media:
*Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Dry chemical, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide (C02), foam, sand, and fog.
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable Extinguishing Media:
Do not use a solid water stream as it may scatter and spread fire.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SOYA METHYL ESTER:
-Engineering Measures:
Ensure adequate ventilation, especially in confined areas.
Apply technical measures to comply with the occupational exposure limits.
-General Hygiene Considerations:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
-Personal Protective Equipment:
*Eye/face Protection:
Use appropriate safety glasses with side shields or safety goggles is recommended
*Skin and Body Protection:
Oil resistant gloves are recommended.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SOYA METHYL ESTER:
-Handling:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Do not use pressure to empty drums.
-Storage:
Keep in a cool sheltered place.
To maintain product quality, do not store in heat or direct sunlight.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SOYA METHYL ESTER:
-Stability:
Stable under normal conditions.
-Incompatible Materials:
No materials to be especially mentioned.



SYNONYMS:
BIODIESEL 100 CONSUMER GRADE
Soybeanoil,Meester
Soybeanoil,methylesters
Methyl esters of fatty acid
Soya bean oil methyl ester
alkyl C14-C24 methyl esters
SME
Methyl Soyate
Soy Methyl Ester
Soybean Ester

SYNONYMS D-Glucitol, anhydro-, monooctadecanoate; Anhydrosorbitol Stearate; Sorbitan, monooctadecanoate; Sorbitan Monostearate;CAS NO. 1338-41-6

Soybean Lecithin from Soybean is a useful phospholipid.
Soybean Lecithin has health benefits such as reducing cholesterol level.
Soybean Lecithin has emulsifying and lubricating properties and can be used as a surfactant.


CAS Number: 8002-43-5
EC Number: 232-307-2
Molecular Formula: C35H66NO7P



soy lecithin, lecithins soya, lecithins, soybean, 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine, 1-hexadecanoyl-2-9e, 12e-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 3,5,8-trioxa-4-phosphahexacosa-17,20-dien-1-aminium, 4-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-9-oxo-7-1-oxohexadecyl oxy methyl-, inner salt, 4-oxide, r, l-, a-lecithin, 2-linoleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, a-phosphatidylcholine solution, l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine solution, 2-linoleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glyc-ero-3-phosphocholine, L-α-Phosphatidylcholine, Lecithin-Softgels, Soya Lecithin, 2-(Methyl{2-[4-(2-methylbenzyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxoethyl}amino)-N-[2-(trifluormethyl)phenyl]acetamid, 2-(Methyl{2-[4-(2-methylbenzyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxoethyl}amino)-N-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide, Acetamide, 2-[methyl[2-[4-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-N-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-,
Soybean Lecithin, PC, SPC-70A, SPC-80A, SPC-90A,SPC-95A,SPC-98A,dadoulinzhi,Soyalecithins,Lecithins,soya,Lecithin (soya), Alpha-phosphatidylcholine, E322, egg lecithin, Lecithinum ex soya, ovolecithin, sojalecithin, soya lecithin, soy lecithin, soybean phospholipid, soybean lecithin, vegilecithin, vitellin, vitelline4,


Soybean Lecithin is partly soluble in water, partly soluble in acetone, DMSO.
Soybean Lecithin is an emulsifying agent that helps fat and water stay together.
When seeking to answer the question, “What is Soybean Lecithin?” our search immediately takes us to mid-19th century France.


First isolated by French chemist Theodore Gobley in 1846, Soybean Lecithin is a generic term to designate a variety of naturally occurring fatty compounds found in animal and plant tissues.
Composed of choline, fatty acids, glycerol, glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphoric acid and triglycerides, Soybean Lecithin was originally isolated from egg yolk.


Today, Soybean Lecithin is regularly extracted from cottonseed, marine sources, milk, rapeseed, soybeans and sunflower.
Soybean Lecithin does contain trace levels of soy proteins and these have been found to include soy allergens.
However, apparently, Soybean Lecithin does not contain sufficient soy protein residues to provoke allergic reactions in the majority of soy-allergic consumers.


The oily matrix of Soybean Lecithin and the low protein levels provide a challenge to current analytical methodology.
Regarding detection of Soybean Lecithin in food products, the amount of Soybean Lecithin used in most food products would leave residues at levels well below the limit of detection of currently available detection methods.


Soybean Lecithin has emulsifying and lubricating properties and can be used as a surfactant.
Soybean Lecithin is an antioxidant with free radical scavenging properties.
Soybean Lecithin is also known as phosphatidylcholine, which consists of choline, together with inositol, phosphoric acid, glycerol, glycolipids, and linoleic acid.


Soybean Lecithin's a group of chemicals, including phospholipids (fat plus phosphate).
A natural phospholipid from soybean, Soybean Lecithin is partially water-soluble, an emulsifying agent that helps fat and water stay together.
Therefore, Soybean Lecithin is often added to foods, such as chocolate, cheese, margarine, and salad dressing.


Soybean Lecithin has health benefits such as reducing cholesterol level.
It is usually used as a liquid but can also be purchased as Soybean Lecithin granules.
By and large, the vast majority of Soybean Lecithin use centers around its usefulness as an excellent emulsifier.


Soybean Lecithin is extracted from raw soybeans, so if you’re wondering if it contains soy, the answer is yes.
First Soybean Lecithin is extracted using a chemical solvent, like hexane, and then the oil is processed (which is called degumming) so the Soybean Lecithin is separated and dried.


It appears that soy Soybean Lecithin only contains trace levels of soy proteins.
For this reason, researchers believe that soy Soybean Lecithin will not provoke allergic reactions in the majority of soy-allergic consumers because it does not contain sufficient soy protein residues.


Soybean Lecithin is a complex mixture of phospholipids; glycolipids; and triglycerides; with substantial amounts of phosphatidylcholines; phosphatidylethanolamines; and phosphatidylinositols, which are sometimes loosely termed as 1,2-diacyl-3-phosphocholines.
Soybean Lecithin is a component of the cell membrane and commercially extracted from soybeans and egg yolk.


The emulsifying and surfactant properties of Soybean Lecithin are useful in food additives and for forming organogels (gels).
Soybean Lecithin-soybean, derived from soybeans, is a high-purity Soybean Lecithin product.
Soybean Lecithin is a naturally occurring phospholipid found in a variety of biological materials, including plant and animal sources.


Soybean Lecithin is a fat that can be found in many foods like soybeans and egg yolks.
Soybean Lecithin is also known as Egg Soybean Lecithin, Lecitina, OvoSoybean Lecithin, Soy Soybean Lecithin, Soy Phospholipid, Soybean Soybean Lecithin, VegiSoybean Lecithin, Vitellin, Vitelline, and other names.


Soybean Lecithin is made soyabeans, it is a Light Cream colour odourless powder.
Soybean Lecithin from Soybean is a useful phospholipid.
Soybean Lecithin is the popular and commercial name for a naturally occurring mixture of phosphatides (also called phospholipids or, more recently by biochemists, phosphoglycerides), which varies in color from light tan to dark reddish brown and in consistency from a fluid to a plastic solid.


Soybean Lecithin is the gummy material contained in crude vegetable oils and removed by degumming.
Soybeans are by far the most important source of commercial Soybean Lecithin and it's the most important by-product of the soy oil processing industry because of its many applications in foods and industrial products.


The three main phosphatides in this complex mixture called "commercial soy Soybean Lecithin" are phosphatidyl choline (also called "pure" or "chemical" Soybean Lecithin to distinguish it from the natural mixture), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (popularly called "cephalin"), and phosphatidyl inositols (also called inositol phosphatides).


Commercial soy Soybean Lecithin also typically contains roughly 30-35% unrefined soy oil.
Indeed Soybean Lecithin is one of the most complex and versatile substances derived from the soybean.
Structurally, the phosphatides in soy Soybean Lecithin consist of glycerides in which one fatty acid radical has been replaced with phosphoric acid.


In the case of pure or chemical Soybean Lecithin (phosphatidyl choline), the phosphoric acid is further esterified with choline; in cephalin it is similarly esterified with cholamine.
Soybean Lecithin is composed mostly of fatty acids, and they are in roughly the same proportion as in soy oil; 50-57% linoleic and 5% linolenic.


Soybean Lecithin is a chemical with many names, like Soybean Lecithinum ex soya, Soybean Lecithin, alpha-phosphatidylcholines, and soy Soybean Lecithin.
Often seen but not really understood, Soybean Lecithin is an ingredient that serves unknown purposes.
There is little scientifically backed, unbiased data out there on this food ingredient.


That said, there are some things we know about the properties of this ingredient.
Soybean Lecithin is a common term used to describe multiplex blends of lipids like fatty acids, triglycerides, sterols, and phospholipids.
Soybean Lecithin gives function and structure to many plant and animal cell membranes.


Soybean Lecithin's common in most living things, but its physical and chemical features can vary greatly, depending on the origin and processing.
Organic Soybean Lecithin occurs naturally as a lipid in most living things.
Soybean Lecithin can be mixed and used as an emulsifier, conditioning agent, or cosmetic product thickener.


Soybean Lecithin's a safe and naturally occurring product.
With organic Soybean Lecithin, no solvents other than water are used during the extraction process.
Soybean Lecithin is trans fatty acid-free, nonhydrogenated, and biodegradable.


Soy Soybean Lecithin is an ingredient that is not widely known but is found in a lot of foods, products and supplements that you may already be consuming.
Soybean Lecithin is an additive that can be sourced from various plant and animal tissues, in particular eggs, milk and sunflower seeds, with soy being one of the most common.


Soybean Lecithin is a product obtained when soybean are processed in the production of protein products and crude degummed oil.
Soybean Lecithin is extracted from the oil by centrifugation.
Soybean Lecithin is a viscous mass with an amber colour and a specific odour and flavour.


Soybean Lecithin is a natural mixture of phospholipids and oil with distinctive surface activity due to its combination of lypophilic and hydrophilic features in the phospholipid molecules.
Soybean Lecithinis an excellent emulsifying agent, dispersing agent for hard particles, foam stabiliser, watering and release agent, and crystallisation controller.


Soybean Lecithin has distinctive dietetic and therapeutic properties and is recommended as a dietary supplement.
Soybean Lecithin contains a minimum 62% of phospholipids.
Soybean Lecithin consists of three types of phospholipids; phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphotidylinositol (PI).


Soybean Lecithin is extracted from soybean oil and is generally used as a natural emulsifier or stabilizer in various food applications.
Soybean Lecithin is an emulsifying agent that helps fat and water stay together.
A natural phospholipid from soybean, Soybean Lecithin is partially water-soluble, an emulsifying agent that helps fat and water stay together.


Therefore, Soybean Lecithin is often added to foods, such as chocolate, cheese, margarine, and salad dressing.
Soybean Lecithin has health benefits such as reducing cholesterol level.
Soybean Lecithin comes from the processing of non-GMO soya beans.


Soybean Lecithin is a light yellow powder with a characteristic odor and dissolves in water.
Soybean Lecithin is obtained from soybeans.
Soybean Lecithin is a byproduct of the process of degumming crude soybean oil.


Soybean Lecithin is a mixture of phospholipids, glycolipids and carbohydrates dissolved in oil.
Soybean Lecithin is usually a dark liquid, viscous with a characteristic colour.
Soybean Lecithin contains essential fatty acids.


Soybean Lecithin supports the liver's ability to process fats.
Soybean Lecithin is a precursor for brain neurotransmitters.
Soybean Lecithin helps maintain normal cognitive function.


Soybean Lecithin supports cell membranes.
Soybean Lecithin supports nerve function.
Soybean Lecithin comes from sludge left after crude soy oil goes through a “degumming” process.


Soybean Lecithin is a waste product containing solvents and pesticides and has a consistency ranging from a gummy fluid to a plastic solid.
Before being bleached to a more appealing light yellow, the color of Soybean Lecithin ranges from a dirty tan to reddish brown.
The hexane extraction process commonly used in soybean oil manufacture today yields less Soybean Lecithin than the older ethanol-benzol process, but produces a more marketable Soybean Lecithin with better color, reduced odor and less bitter flavor.


Historian William Shurtleff reports that the expansion of the soybean crushing and soy oil refining industries in Europe after 1908 led to a problem disposing the increasing amounts of fermenting, foul-smelling sludge.
German companies then decided to vacuum dry the sludge, patent the process and sell it as “Soybean Lecithin.”
Scientists hired to find some use for Soybean Lecithin cooked up more than a thousand new uses by 1939.


Soybean Lecithin is an ingredient used in food manufacturing and pharmaceuticals.
Soybean Lecithin consists of three types of phospholipids; phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphotidylinositol (PI).
Soybean Lecithin is extracted from soybean oil and is generally used as a natural emulsifier or stabilizer in various food applications.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
As a food emulsifier Soybean Lecithin is used in the manufacture of margarine and vegetable or dairy based milk replacers including infant formula.
Other Soybean Lecithin benefits may include lowering blood pressure, improving cholesterol levels, and helping with stress-related disorders.
Soybean Lecithin is used as a dietary supplement, food ingredient, and food additive.


Soybean Lecithin is also used as a liquid carrier for plastics additives, dyes or pigments.
Soybean Lecithin's primary functions are as an emulsifier, antioxidant, and release agent.
Soybean Lecithin is very essential in the cells of the body for key recovery of cell membranes and preventive purpose.


This Soybean Lecithin is often used by supplements for vegetarians (who do not naturally get enough choline in their diet), medicines production, cosmetics production as well as food industries as food additives or emulsifiers to allow the combination of oils and water during ice cream, margarine, mayonnaise, peanut butter and chocolate production.


Soybean Lecithin is a very cheap source of choline.
Commercial Soybean Lecithin usually obtained as a by-product in the production of soybean oil and sold as Soybean Lecithin.
Soybean Lecithin is excellent emulsifier to mix the oil and water together and avoid separation happen.


When Soybean Lecithin is added, it will break down the oil into smaller particles.
This is how emulsification happens.
Soybean Lecithin can also help to improve the products’ appearance and consistency as well as extend shelf life.


Thus, Soybean Lecithin is considered as valuable things in food industries
Soybean Lecithin is used for treating diseases: Anxiety, Dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Memory, Depression, Liver disorder, High cholesterol, Eczema, Dermatitis, Gall bladder disorder, Lowering cholesterol.


Soybean Lecithin finds application as a dietary supplement, food ingredient, and food additive.
Additionally, Soybean Lecithin serves as a liquid carrier for various additives, such as plastics additives, dyes, or pigments.
Soybean Lecithin-soybean excels in its role as an emulsifier, facilitating the blending of different ingredients, as well as an antioxidant, protecting against oxidative damage.


Furthermore, Soybean Lecithin acts as a reliable release agent, preventing sticking or adhesion.
Soybean Lecithin has been used in alternative medicine as a possibly effective aid in treating liver disease.
Soybean Lecithin has also been used to treat gallbladder disease, dementia related to Alzheimer's disease, age related loss of memory, and head injuries.


However, research has shown that Soybean Lecithin may not be effective in treating these conditions.
Other uses of Soybean Lecithin not proven with research have included high cholesterol, manic-depressive disorder, dermatitis, improvement of athletic performance, Parkinson's disease, stress, insomnia, and other conditions.


It is not certain whether Soybean Lecithin is effective in treating any medical condition.
Medicinal use of Soybean Lecithin has not been approved by the FDA.
Soybean Lecithin should not be used in place of medication prescribed for you by your doctor.


Soybean Lecithin is often sold as an herbal supplement.
Soybean Lecithin may also be used for purposes not listed in this product guide.
Soybean Lecithin is used for its wide functional, Nutritional and therapeutic properties.


Soybean Lecithin is a naturally occuring group of phospholipids found in nearly every living cell.
Soybean Lecithin is a vital multifunctional active substance used in manufacturing of variety Food products, Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals, Healthcare and Animal Feeds among other wide ranging Industrial applications.


Soybean Lecithin is natural dietary source of Essential Phospholipids viz Phosphatidyl choline, Phosphatidyl inositol & Phosphatidyl serine.
These phospholipids are the building blocks of life and are vital for healthy function of every cell membrane in the body.
Soybean Lecithin is composed of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.


Soybean Lecithin's a complex mix of phospholipids, and it's used for lipid replacement therapy.
This is the repair of damaged cell membranes by the administration of phospholipids.
This treatment has been shown to help with symptoms of fatigue.


Soybean Lecithin can be found in many foods, skincare products and even medicines, and often its purpose is to increase the shelf life of products.
Soybean Lecithin also helps to protect the flavour and act as an emulsifier or lubricant, which allows your products to have the right texture and consistency.


You can also purchase Soybean Lecithin supplements which help to support women who are breastfeeding, and it can also assist in treating certain health conditions such as high cholesterol, digestive issues, and even fight against dementia symptoms.
Usage-Applications of Soybean Lecithin: 0.5-3% usage rate.


Soybean Lecithin can be used as an excipient.
Soybean Lecithin is Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients.


Soybean Lecithin is Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations.
Pharmaceutical excipients of Soybean Lecithin also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs.


Soybean Lecithin is stable when stored in a closed container protected from light, in a cool dry place.
Soybean Lecithin's uses in the industrial sector are wide for example as an emulsifier, antioxidant, surfactant.
Today Soybean Lecithin is ubiquitous in the processed food supply.


Soybean Lecithin is most commonly used as an emulsifier to keep water and fats from separating in foods such as margarine, peanut butter, chocolate candies, ice cream, coffee creamers and infant formulas.
Soybean Lecithin also helps prevent product spoilage, extending shelf life in the marketplace.


In industry kitchens, Soybean Lecithin is used to improve mixing, speed crystallization, prevent “weeping,” and stop spattering, lumping and sticking.
Used in cosmetics, Soybean Lecithin softens the skin and helps other ingredients penetrate the skin barrier.
A more water-loving version known as “deoiled Soybean Lecithin” reduces the time required to shut down and clean the extruders used in the manufacture of textured vegetable protein and other soy products.


Specific applications include confections where Soybean Lecithin is used to reduce viscosity, controls sugar crystallization and the flow properties of chocolate.
In emulsions and fat spreads with a fat content of more than 75%, Soybean Lecithin stabilizes emulsions, reduces spattering during frying and improves texture and flavor release.


In dough and baking, Soybean Lecithin reduces fat and egg requirements, helps even out the distribution of ingredients, stabilizes fermentation, increases volume, protects yeast cells in dough that is frozen, and acts as a releasing agent to prevent sticking. It also helps improve wetting properties of hydrophilic powders such as low-fat proteins and lipophilic powders such as cocoa powder, controls dust and helps complete dispersion in water.


Soybean Lecithin sometimes is added as a component to cooking sprays to prevent sticking and as a release agent.
In food manufacturing, Soybean Lecithin is used for smoothing food texture, emulsifying, homogenizing liquid mixtures and repelling sticking materials.
Soybean Lecithin is made by water degumming which is a process that involves adding water to the crude oil, hydrating the water-soluble components, and then removing the majority of them through centrifugal separation.


-Confectionery Industry
Soybean Lecithin is used in the production of various types of chocolates, chocolate products and toppings, and cacao spreads.
Soybean Lecithin is added in quantities of up to 1% as calculated per the other ingredients.
In addition to its favourable effect on the technological properties of the product, Soybean Lecithin also has dietetic effects.


-Dietetics and Pharmaceutics:
Soybean Lecithin is a natural source of potassium and phosphorus.
Considering the fact that potassium has a beneficial influence on the nervous system, blood pressure regulation and normalisation of the muscle functions, and that phosphorus contributes to a metabolism balance and improves bones and teeth hardness, crude soybean Soybean Lecithin is used in preparation of dietetic and pharmaceutical products as well as for supplementary diets for sportsmen and amateurs.


-Baking Industry:
Soybean Lecithin is used as an emulsifier in the production of all types of bread and pastry, and specifically those where fats are used.
The recommended quantity of Soybean Lecithin to add ranges from 0.3 to 0.5% depending on the quantity of wheat flour.
In addition to its favourable effect on the technologic properties of a product, Soybean Lecithin has a distinctive dietary effect.


-Food Uses:
Soybean Lecithin is used in a surprisingly large array of our daily foods.
Perhaps most widely used in margarine (for anti-spatter and as an emulsifier), Soybean Lecithin is also used in chocolates, caramels and coatings (to control viscosity, crystallization, weepage, and sticking), in chewing gum (for its softening, plasticizing, and release effects), in instant foods such as cocoa powders, coffee creamer and instant breakfast (for wetting, dispersing, and emulsifying), in calf milk replacers (to add energy and aid digestibility and emulsification).
Soybean Lecithin is also found in baked goods, cheeses, meat and poultry products, dairy and imitation dairy products, and still other products.


-Therapeutic Uses:
Much research has been done and is being done on the therapeutic use of Soybean Lecithin, especially in the prevention or treatment of neurochemical and cardiovascular orders.
Although the results are not conclusive, many health food consumers use Soybean Lecithin for benefits they believe it will bring in these areas.


-Nonfood and Industrial Uses:
In this realm, there are at least as many applications as in the food industry.
Soybean Lecithin is used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, coatings (paints, magnetic tape coatings, waxes, polishes, wood coatings), plastic and rubber industry, glass and ceramic processing, paper and printing, masonry and asphalt products, petroleum industry, metal processing, pesticides, adhesives, textiles, and leathers.


-Uses of Soybean Lecithin:
Supplement use should be individualized and vetted by a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian nutritionist (RD or RDN), pharmacist, or healthcare provider.
No supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease.
Soybean Lecithin is not a single substance.
Soybean Lecithin's a group of chemicals, including phospholipids (fat plus phosphate).



BENEFITS OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Soybean Lecithin goes above and beyond an emulsifying agent by carrying health benefits.
It can help to:
*Prevent arteriosclerosis,
*protects against cardiovascular disease,
*improve brain function and prevent memory loss,
*keep the liver and kidneys healthy,
*aid in thiamine and vitamin A absorption,
*repair liver damage caused by alcoholism
*keep cells protected against oxidation (Soybean Lecithin act as antioxidant),
*aids in the breakdown of fats, transportation of fats,
*facilitate cellular communication
*control the flow of nutrients in and out of our cells
*reduce LDL cholesterol level, improve HDL cholesterol
*prevent gallstones
*Healing agent



FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Soybean Lecithin is a multi-functional surface-active agent.
Each molecule has, like Janus, two faces.

The fatty-acid portion of the molecule is attracted to fats (it is lipotrophic) and the phosphoric acid?? portion is attracted to water (it is hydrotrophic).
Because of this dual nature, Soybean Lecithin molecules tend to position themselves at the boundary between immiscible materials, such as oil and water.
There they serve many useful functions through a surface modifying effect.

According to Szuhaj Soybean Lecithin serves the following major functions:
(1) Emulsifying allows the mixing of otherwise immiscible substances, especially in water-in-oil systems, such as margarine and chocolate. This is the most widespread of its various uses;
(2) Solubilization makes it possible to dissolve oils (such as flavor oils and oil-soluble colors) in water;
(3) Suspension , for example, keeps pigments dispersed in paints, preventing agglomeration;
(4) Wetting/instantizing helps powers to dissolve quickly in water;
(5) Lubrication and Release ; when Soybean Lecithin is applied in a thin film to a cooking utensil or a mold, it promotes release of food or other materials from that surface;
(6) Crystallization Control is used especially to control the crystallization of sugar in fat systems, as in chocolate;
(7) Complexing tends to retard crystallization of starch associated with staling in baked goods;
(8) Anti-spatter , as in margarine;
(9) Viscosity Modifying ; and
(10) Therapeutical: Soybean Lecithin also serves as a stabilizer in ice creams and shortenings and an antioxidant in oils and fats.



FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
1.In Food Industries:
Soybean Lecithin is used as Natural Emulsifier, Wetting agent, Dispersing agent, Stabilizing agent, Viscosity Reducing agent, Antispattering agent, Mixing & Blending agent, Release agent, Conditioning, Lipotropic,Surface Active Agent and as an Emillient and Antioxidant as well. "


2.In Cosmetics Industries:
Soybean Lecithin adds to Suppleness, Penetration, Lather Stability, Better Distribution, Skin Protection and care.
Soybean Lecithin is a good antioxidant since its chelating ability enables it to combat complex heavy metals.
Soybean Lecithin increases respiration capacity of the skin.
Usage level of Soybean Lecithin is 0.5% to 2.0%


3.In Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare Industries：
Soybean Lecithin is natural dietary source of Essential Phospholipids-the valuable nutrients viz Phosphatidyl choline, Phosphatidyl inositol & Phosphatidyl serine.
These phospholipids are the building blocks of life and are vital for healthy function of every cell membrane in the body.
Soybean Lecithin is a Soybean Lecithin (a structural term for a triglyceride with one fatty acid replaced by phosphatic acid conjugates) which delivers a high level of phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylinositol (PI).



NUTRITION FACTS OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Oftentimes extracted from soybean oil, one ounce (28 grams) of soybean Soybean Lecithin has the following nutritional content:
*214 calories
*28 grams fat
*1,438 milligrams omega-3 fatty acids
*11,250 milligrams omega-6 fatty acids
*51.5 micrograms vitamin K (64 percent DV)
*2.3 milligrams vitamin E (11 percent DV)
*98 milligrams choline



NUTRITION OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Soybean Lecithin is used in cooking as an emulsifier; it helps stabilize ingredients that aren't easily mixed, like oil and water.
Two level tablespoons (15 g) of Soybean Lecithin granules contained approximately the following nutrients:
*Calories: 80
*Fat: 8 g
*Choline, from phosphatidylcholine: 3,260 mg
*Phosphorous: 230 mg (23% Daily Value, DV)
*Potassium: 180 mg (5% DV)6
The fats are primarily linoleic acid n-6 (LA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs).

Other Soybean Lecithin products, like soybean Soybean Lecithin oil, have a different nutrition profile.
One tablespoon (13.6 g) of soybean Soybean Lecithin oil contains the following:
*Calories: 104
*Fat: 13.6 g
*Choline, from phosphatidylcholine: 47.6 mg
*Phosphorous: 0 mg
*Potassium: 0 mg
*Vitamin K: 25 micrograms (mcg) (20 to 28% DV)76
Growing conditions can affect the amounts of a plant-derived product's fatty acids and phospholipids.



IT IS LIKELY THAT YOU ARE ALREADY CONSUMING SOYBEAN LECITHIN OR USING PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN IT AS AN INGREDIENT:
It’s often found in protein powders and many other products, including:
*dairy products
*bread
*infant formulas
*margarine
*skincare products
*dietary supplements
*ice cream—who doesn’t love a scoop or two of ice cream?!



SOYBEAN LECITHIN, WE KNOW THAT OIL AND WATER DO NOT MIX, RIGHT?
When the two are placed into a solution and shaken together, Soybean Lecithin droplets initially spread out and appear to evenly disperse, but once the shaking stops, the oil separates from the water again.
This is exactly why Soybean Lecithin is so important and often used as an additive in processed foods, medicine and supplements.

When Soybean Lecithin enters the equation, oil is broken down into smaller particles in a process called emulsification, making the oil droplets easier to clean or digest when eaten.
Thus, Soybean Lecithin helps give products a smooth, uniform appearance.
Additionally, its ability to emulsify fats makes Soybean Lecithin an ideal ingredient for nonstick cooking sprays and soaps.



BENEFITS OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
*Heart health improvement:
Soybean Lecithin can help improve cardiovascular health.
This is especially true if you're at high risk of heart disease or high blood pressure, according to studies of Soybean Lecithin additives.
But is harder to digest because Soybean Lecithin takes the body longer to break down.
This helps some people to feel fuller after taking Soybean Lecithin.


*Helps new moms with breastfeeding:
Many breastfeeding experts tell moms to take Soybean Lecithin to help with clogged milk ducts.
The Canadian Breastfeeding Foundation suggests taking 1,200 milligrams four times a day to see results.
The working theory is that Soybean Lecithin decreases breast milk viscosity, which in return lessens its tendency to clog your breast milk ducts.

Though this can help, Soybean Lecithin's not a treatment.
Other recommendations of Soybean Lecithin include massage, extra pumping, application of warm compresses, draining the breast well, or seeing a lactation consultant for more suggestions.


*Could help fight dementia symptoms:
One of the chemicals the brain uses to communicate is choline.
Soybean Lecithin contains choline.
Some research shows that diets with high levels of choline help with memory retention and diseases like Alzheimer’s.

Foods with choline can help functional pathways.
Evidence at this time is lacking and conflicting, but it's possible that Soybean Lecithin can help people with nervous system conditions, and more research is needed.


*Can help with choline deficiency:
Soybean Lecithin has choline in the form of phosphatidylcholine.
It's an essential nutrient.

Choline is part of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter.
It's found in a lot of foods.
Increasing Soybean Lecithin in your diet could help with a choline deficiency.


*Skin moisturizing and soothing:
Some skin care products contain Soybean Lecithin.
It's commonly used as an emollient.
Emollients hydrate the skin and help make it smooth.

Hydrogenated Soybean Lecithin is the form used in most skin care products.
Some people use it alone for the treatment of acne and eczema.
There's not much evidence supporting it, but hypothetically, Soybean Lecithin capsules could improve the skin.
It can stimulate and tone other parts of the body as well.


*Improvement in digestive health:
Soybean Lecithin has emulsifying qualities that help with a reaction process to increase mucus in the intestine.
This makes digestion easier and also protects the lining of your stomach and intestines.
Soybean Lecithin's been found to improve symptoms in people with ulcerative colitis.

Even for those who don’t have colitis, Soybean Lecithin can help with irritable bowel syndrome and other conditions that affect digestion.
Soybean Lecithin accounts for over 70% of all phospholipids in the mucous layer of the intestine and maintains a hydrophobic barrier, stopping invasions of bad bacteria.


*Decrease in bad cholesterol:
Using Soybean Lecithin is popular and proven method of lowering cholesterol.
Studies show that Soybean Lecithin can help raise good cholesterol, or HDL.
Soybean Lecithin can also help to lower bad cholesterol, or LDL.
Soybean Lecithin protein is effective at treating cholesterol issues because of the numerous benefits of soy.



TYPES OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Soybean Lecithin can also come in the form of supplements.
These come from eggs, sunflower seeds, or soybeans.
Sometimes fish, animal fat, and corn are used.

But is the most common ingredient used to make Soybean Lecithin supplements.
Though soybeans may be genetically modified (GMO) in large-scale production, sunflower seeds are not.
The extraction process for sunflower Soybean Lecithin is more gentle.
Harsh chemicals are not required to extract Soybean Lecithin from the sunflower seed.

Though soybean Soybean Lecithin usually comes in a granulated capsule, other types, like sunflower Soybean Lecithin, come in liquid and powder forms.
Though it's not as common, many people prefer sunflower Soybean Lecithin because they're trying to avoid genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in their food.



WHERE CAN YOU FIND SOYBEAN LECITHIN NATURALLY?
Though Soybean Lecithin is available in liquid, granules, and capsules, it can also be found naturally in some foods.
These include:
*Peanuts
*Soybeans
*Liver
*Wheat germ
*Egg yolks



SOYBEAN LECITHIN BENEFITS:
So what are some of the benefits of having soy Soybean Lecithin in your products or taking a soy Soybean Lecithin supplement?
*Can help lower cholesterol
One of the most commonly known benefits of soy Soybean Lecithin is that it can help to lower cholesterol.
Soybean Lecithin can increase the good cholesterol and lower the bad cholesterol that’s found in the body and enhance the body’s ability to break down fats.


*Improves heart health:
For those at risk of heart disease or high blood pressure, products with soy Soybean Lecithin have been found to improve cardiovascular health.
Because of Soybean Lecithin's ability to lower bad cholesterol, this means less fat build-up in the arteries and therefore a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.


*Assists with digestion :
Being that soy Soybean Lecithin is an emulsifier, it helps improve the mucus in your intestine, making digestion easier, whilst also protecting the digestive system.
Soybean Lecithin can assist people who suffer from IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) and ulcerative colitis.


*Can help mothers who are breastfeeding:
It has been recommended by some breastfeeding experts that Soybean Lecithin can help prevent the blocking of breast ducts which can cause infections such as mastitis.
This can be quite painful for breastfeeding mothers, as the milk thickens and gets clogged.
By incorporating a small amount of soy Soybean Lecithin into your daily diet, it can help to thin out the breast milk, making the chances of infection less likely.


*Can improve overall brain health and function:
Soybean Lecithin contains a chemical called choline which helps to boost overall brain function and increase mental alertness.
There is also continued research being done to determine if Soybean Lecithin can help treat individuals with neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s, or other illnesses that affect the nervous system.


*Provides skincare benefits:
When found in skincare products, soy Soybean Lecithin can help to soothe and moisturise the skin.
Soybean Lecithin is often used as an emollient in skincare, which promotes hydration and increases moisture levels in the skin.



PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Soybean Lecithin is used in cosmetic products as a herbal emulsifier.
Soybean Lecithin has emollient properties and gives very moisturizing creams suitable for dry skin.
Soybean Lecithin is suitable for damaged and soft skin and penetrates deep into the skin.
Soybean Lecithin is used in creams, shampoos, conditioners and many other products.



VARIETIES OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN AND THEIR COMPOSITION:
All varieties of soy Soybean Lecithin can be classified into three broad types: unrefined or natural (including bleached varieties), refined, and chemically modified.
Unrefined or natural Soybean Lecithin comes in six basic varieties, long defined by specifications of the National Soybean



PROCESSORS ASSOCIATION OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Plastic or fluid, each either unbleached, bleached, or double bleached.
(Because fluid Soybean Lecithins are easier to handle and dissolve more rapidly in various solvents, only small amounts of plastic grades are now produced.)
Refined Soybean Lecithin (which has had the oil removed using acetone) comes in three basic varieties: custom blended natural, oil free phosphatides (as is or custom blended), and alcohol-fractionated oil-free phosphatides (as is or custom blended).

These latter special refined grades, which may contain 60-99.7% phosphatidyl choline, are used mostly for pharmaceutical applications and research.
Chemically modified Soybean Lecithin products, altered through selective chemical treatment, improve Soybean Lecithin's compatibility to certain systems.
Szuhaj (1983), using another method of classification, has noted that in addition to the six basic types of natural or unrefined Soybean Lecithin, there are six types of upgraded Soybean Lecithin products, including clarified Soybean Lecithins (filtered), fluidized Soybean Lecithins, compounded Soybean Lecithins, hydroxylated Soybean Lecithin, deoiled Soybean Lecithin (granular), and fractionated Soybean Lecithin.

Recent composition figures for both unrefined (natural) and refined (deoiled) Soybean Lecithin.
Interestingly, earlier publications showed these two products to contain significantly higher percentages of the three major phosphatides and no glycolipids.
Soybean Lecithin is also available as a dietary supplement in two forms: as granular Soybean Lecithin (oil-free refined Soybean Lecithin with calcium phosphate as a flow agent) and as capsules, containing a dispersion in oil.



WHAT IS SOYBEAN LECITHIN?
Soybean Lecithin is a type of fat found in foods like the following:
*Soybeans
*Sunflower seeds
*Canola seeds
*Egg yolks
*Other animal products like fish

Soybean Lecithin is considered safe at recommended doses for short-term use.
Soybean Lecithin is also sometimes added to the following products:
*Skincare products
*Supplements
*Medications
*Placebos (a treatment with no therapeutic value as part of a control group) in randomized controlled trials

Soybean Lecithin contains phospholipids like phosphatidylcholine.
Phospholipids are a type of fat combined with phosphate.
Your body converts phosphatidylcholine into choline.
Choline supports cell structure in the following areas of your body:
*Brain
*Nerves
*Cell membranes
Soybean Lecithin has been studied to treat various conditions, including but not limited to the following:
*Cognitive impairment
*High cholesterol
*Menopause symptoms



WORLD PRODUCTION OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
The major countries refining soy oil (USA, Western Europe, Japan) are also the major producers of soy Soybean Lecithin.
Stanley estimated that in the year 1936-37 the world produced 1,787,000 tonnes (metric tons) of soy oil.
From this it recovered 1,814 tonnes of Soybean Lecithin and left 47,174 tonnes unrecovered, thereby utilizing only about 4% of potential production.

The main producers were the USA, Germany, Japan, Denmark, and Norway.
In 1948 world soy Soybean Lecithin recovery was estimated at 4,535 tonnes, and plant derived Soybean Lecithin other than soy was estimated at one-fifth this amount.

Recovery and utilization of soy Soybean Lecithin was thought to be less than 10% of potential production.
In 1976 Van Nieuwenhuyzen estimated world recovery of soy Soybean Lecithin to be 90,700 tonnes a year, from 8.8 million tonnes of soy oil produced containing 233,200 tonnes of soy Soybean Lecithin.
Thus roughly 39% of the total Soybean Lecithin was recovered and used.

Clearly the percentage used has been increasing, but the majority that could be recovered is not yet used directly.
The unsold portion is mixed back into defatted soybean meal, which is used for livestock fodder.
Although this practice is not widely discussed by the industry, the Soybean Lecithin is not considered a negative nor a positive factor.



NATURAL SOURCES OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
The most concentrated natural and unrefined sources of Soybean Lecithin are soybeans (1.48 to 3.08% Soybean Lecithin), peanuts (1.11%), calf liver (0.85%), wheat (0.61%), oatmeal (0.65%), and eggs (0.39%) (Wood and Allison 1981).
The human spinal cord contains 6-10% Soybean Lecithin and the human brain 4-6% Soybean Lecithin in fresh substance.

Among refined substances, especially concentrated sources of Soybean Lecithin include dehydrated (powdered) egg yolk (14-20%), natural egg yolk (7-10%), wheat germ 2.82%, soy oil (1.8% but 2.65% including the 30-35% entrained soy oil??), and butterfat (1.4%).
Soy oil has the highest Soybean Lecithin and phosphatide content of any known oil; other vegetable oils average 0.5% Soybean Lecithin.

Unlike animal phosphatides, soybean phosphatides contain no cholesterol.
In plant seeds the phosphatides are largely associated with oil, but strangely their content varies roughly with the protein rather than the oil content.
Moreover, all of the above indicates that phosphatides and Soybean Lecithin appear to be closely connected with the most important vital and reproductive organs and processes.

In addition to the spinal cord, brain, eggs, and seeds, they are also concentrated in the nerves, liver, kidneys, and sperm.
Actually, Soybean Lecithin is found in the cell membranes of all human cells, and they tend to be most concentrated where membrane functions are specialized.
Soybean Lecithin compounds are also closely associated with fatty acids in the body.



PROCESSING OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Soybean Lecithin is a combination of naturally-occurring phospholipids, which are extracted during the processing of soybean oil.
The soybeans are tempered by keeping them at a consistent temperature and moisture level for approximately seven to 10 days. This process hydrates the soybeans and loosens the hull.
The soybeans are then cleaned and cracked into small pieces and the hulls are separated from the cracked beans.

Next, the soybean pieces are heated and pressed into flakes.
Soybean oil is extracted from the flakes through a distillation process and Soybean Lecithin is separated from the oil by the addition of water and centrifugation or steam precipitation1.



FUNCTIONAL BENEFITS OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Soybean Lecithin is utilized in a wide variety of food and industrial applications.
The French scientist, Maurice Gobley, first discovered the substance in 1850, and named it "lekithos," the Greek term for egg yolk.
At the time, eggs provided a primary source of commercially-produced Soybean Lecithin.

Today, the majority of Soybean Lecithin used in food applications is derived from soybeans.
Soybean Lecithin offers a multifunctional, flexible and versatile tool.
Soybean Lecithin is probably best known for its emulsifying properties, which help promote solidity in margarine and give consistent texture to dressings and other creamy products.

Soybean Lecithin is also used in chocolates and coatings and to counteract spattering during frying.
Additionally, its unique lipid molecular structure makes Soybean Lecithin useful for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications and various industrial uses such as paints, textiles, lubricants and waxes.



HOW IS SOYBEAN LECITHIN MADE AND WHAT IS SOYBEAN LECITHIN MADE OF?
Soybean Lecithin is derived from raw soybeans, where the soybean oil is extracted using a chemical solvent.
The soy oil then goes through a process where it is mixed thoroughly with water until the Soybean Lecithin ingredient becomes hydrated, separating from the oil, and it’s then dried.

Whilst some people are concerned that during the production of Soybean Lecithin harmful chemicals are used which can remain in the end product, it’s important to remember that when soy Soybean Lecithin is present in our foods and products, it is usually in very minimal amounts—usually no more than 1% of processed foods.



HEALTH BENEFITS & CLAIMS OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Soybean Lecithin provides an excellent source of choline, which is essential to every living cell in the body and is one of the main components of cell membranes.
Not only is dietary choline important for the synthesis of the phospholipids in cell membranes, Soybean Lecithin is also necessary for methyl metabolism, cholinergic neurotransmission, transmembrane signaling, and lipid-cholesterol transport and metabolism.

Without choline, the cell membranes would harden, prohibiting important nutrients from entering and leaving the cell.
Scientists believe Soybean Lecithin and choline may aid in memory and cognitive function, cardiovascular health, liver function, reproduction and fetal development and physical and athletic performance.

In 1998, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences identified choline as an essential nutrient and recommended daily intake amounts.

And, in 2001, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a nutrient content claim for choline, enabling food manufacturers to inform their consumers via the food label.
Foods that contain over 110 mg of choline per serving may claim that they are an “excellent source of choline” and those with over 55 mg may claim that they offer a “good source of choline.”



MANUFACTURING OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Soybean Lecithin is used so commonly in our food supply because it acts as an emulsifier.
An emulsifier is used to make oil and water mix when they otherwise would not, and Soybean Lecithin helps stabilize and keep the ingredients from separating later.
Soybean Lecithin also prevents food from becoming sticky.



LET'S BEGIN WITH HOW SOYBEAN LECITHIN IS MADE:
Using a chemical solvent, manufacturers take soybean oil from raw soybeans.
This soy oil is then mixed with water until the Soybean Lecithin portion of the oil separates.
This Soybean Lecithin portion is dried, and sometimes even undergoes a final processing step of being bleached with hydrogen peroxide.
The exact composition of soy Soybean Lecithin varies slightly from manufacturer to manufacturer, but Soybean Lecithin itself is made up of soybean oil and phosphatidylcholine, a type of phospholipid (or fat).



OTHER SOURCES OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Soybean Lecithin is the general name for fatty compounds extracted from animal or plant sources.
Soy is just one of the sources of Soybean Lecithin.
Back then, Soybean Lecithin was the go-to option.
Today, Soybean Lecithin is isolated from soybeans, cottonseed, rapeseed, and sunflower.
Although it’s usually used as a liquid, Soybean Lecithin powder and Soybean Lecithin granules are now available for purchase.



YOU WILL FIND SOYBEAN LECITHIN IN HUNDREDS OF PRODUCTS ON THE SHELVES OF GROCERY STORES TODAY:
Soy Soybean Lecithin is an ingredient used in processed foods such as:
*cereal
*pasta
*breads
*soy and milk alternatives
*meats
*tea
*salad dressings
*sauces
*dips
Soybean Lecithin is also commonly found in health supplements, too.
Soybean Lecithin’s known to boost immunity and aid in easing menopausal symptoms.



ETYMOLOGY AND NOMENCLATURE OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
The word "Soybean Lecithin" is derived from the Greek term lekithos meaning "egg yolk."
In 1846 Gobley isolated Soybean Lecithin from egg yolk and in 1850 gave it its present name.
In the late 1800s it was also spelled "Soybean Lecithine" in English, a spelling that is still used (conveniently) in German to refer to the pure or chemical Soybean Lecithin.

In present-day English, the term "Soybean Lecithin" has two different meanings, which can be confusing.
To most food processors and chemists it refers to the natural complex mixture of phosphatides, but to most regular chemists, biochemists, and pharmacists Soybean Lecithin is a trivial term for the chemically pure phosphatide, phosphatidyl choline.



MANUFACTURE OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Soybean Lecithin is obtained in the process of degumming crude soy oil, usually at the refinery of the company making commercial Soybean Lecithin rather than at the oil mill.
Crude soy oil contains an average of 1.8% hydratable compounds, primarily Soybean Lecithin phosphatides.

Roughly 1% of live steam or warm water is added to the crude soy oil at about 70*C, in a batch or continuous process.
The emulsion is then agitated or stirred for 10-60 minutes as the phosphatides hydrate and agglomerate, forming a heavy oil-insoluble sludge, which is separated from the oil by use of a centrifuge.

The sludge coming from the degumming centrifuge, a Soybean Lecithin and water emulsion containing 25-50% water, may then be bleached once or twice, typically with hydrogen peroxide, to reduce its color from brown or beige to light yellow.
Fluidizing additives such as soy oil, fatty acids, or calcium chloride can then be added to reduce the viscosity to that of honey and prevent the end product, on cooling, from being a highly plastic solid.

Finally the product is film or batch dried to reduce the moisture to about 1%.
Whether bleached or not, the finished commercial product is called "unrefined Soybean Lecithin" or "natural Soybean Lecithin;" it contains 65-70% phosphatides and 30-35% crude soy oil.

The oil in unrefined Soybean Lecithin can be removed by extraction with acetone (phosphatides are insoluble in acetone) to give a dry granular product called "refined Soybean Lecithin."



GRANULES OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Soybean Lecithin, as an emulsifier, enables fat and water in a food to not separate.
Soybean Lecithin is particularly commonly found in margarine, mayonnaise, cakes, cookies, puff pastries, instant powder for milk and cocoa drinks, chocolate products and infant formula.



DIGESTION OF SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Soybean Lecithin is believed to stimulate mucus production in the intestine.
Soybean Lecithin may aid digestion and help protect the lining of your gastrointestinal system.
Soybean Lecithin is sometimes suggested for people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
However, some limited research suggests that soy Soybean Lecithin may increase the abundance of undesirable gut bacteria.
Larger, more well-designed studies are needed before Soybean Lecithin can be recommended for digestion and IBS.



SOURCES OF LECITHIN:
Sources of lecithin
Lecithin is widely found in varieties of foods, such as egg yolks, soy, vegetables (cabbage, cauliflower, chickpeas, and green beans), brewer’s yeast, grains, legumes, fish, rapeseed, sunflower, and wheat germ.
Lecithin also found in both natural (animal and plant tissue) and synthetic supplements (fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin D).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
Appearance: Yellow to brown translucent,viscous liquid
Odor: little bean flavor
Taste: little bean flavor
Specific Gravity, @ 25 °C: 1.035-1.045
Insoluble in Acetone: ≥60%
Peroxide value, mmol/KG: ≤5
Moisture: ≤1.0%
Acid value, mg KOH /g: ≤28
Color, Gardner 5%: 5-8
Viscosity 25℃: 8000- 15000 cps
Ether insoluble: ≤0.3%
Toluene/Hexane Insoluble: ≤0.3%
Melting Point: >145°C (dec.)

Solubility: Soluble in chloroform (slightly), hexanes (slightly), methanol (slightly).
Appearance: Light Beige to Dark Yellow Solid
Shelf Life: 1 Year
Storage Store: at -20°C under inert atmosphere
Hygroscopic: Yes
Light Sensitive: No
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable

Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 7 at 20 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Color: Brown to Yellow
Odor: Odorless
Beilstein: 5209585
Merck Index: 14,5428
Solubility Information: Partly soluble in water,partly soluble in acetone,DMSO.
Percent Purity: 90%
Physical Form: Solid
Chemical Name or Material: Lecithin, soybean
Pharmacodynamics: Not Available
Mechanism of action: Not Available
Absorption: Not Available
Volume of distribution: Not Available
Protein binding: Not Available
Metabolism: Not Available
Route of elimination: Not Available
Half-life: Not Available
Clearance: Not Available

Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 603.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula: C24H29F3N4O2
Molecular Weight: 462.508
Flash Point: 318.9±31.5 °C
Exact Mass: 462.224274
LogP: 2.33
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.574
Storage condition: -20°C
Appearance: Amber in color
Acetone Insolubles: ≥62.0%
Acid Value (mg KOH/g): ≤30.00
Moisture: ≤1.0%
Color (Gardner, as is): ≤17
Hexane Insolubles: ≤0.05%
Viscosity (Strokes @77%): ≤100
Effective HLB: Approx. 4



FIRST AID MEASURES of SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
-Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SOYBEAN LECITHIN:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

SOYBEAN OIL Abstract Soybean oil (ESO) is the oxidation product of soybean oil with hydrogen peroxide and either acetic or formic acid obtained by converting the double bonds into epoxy groups, which is non-toxic and of higher chemical reactivity. ESO is mainly used as a green plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride, while the reactive epoxy groups imply its great potential in both the monomer synthesis and the polymer preparation fields. Functional polymers are obtained by different kinds of reactions of the ESO with co-monomers and/or initiators shown in this chapter. The emphasis is on ESO based epoxy cross-linked polymers which recently gained strong interest and allowed new developments especially from both an academic point of view and an industrial point of view. It is believed that new ring-opening reagents may facilitate the synthesis of good structural ESO based materials. Soybean oil Jump to navigationJump to search Soybean oil Names Other names ESBO; Epoxidized soya bean oil; ESO Identifiers CAS Number 8013-07-8 ☒ ChemSpider none ECHA InfoCard 100.029.444 Edit this at Wikidata CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID1027687 Edit this at Wikidata Properties Appearance Light yellow viscous liquid[1] Density 0.994 g/cm3[1] Melting point 0 °C (32 °F; 273 K)[1] Solubility in water Insoluble[1] Hazards R-phrases (outdated) R36 R37 R38 R43 S-phrases (outdated) S24 S26 S37 NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 110 Flash point 227 °C (441 °F; 500 K) Autoignition temperature 600 °C (1,112 °F; 873 K) Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Soybean oil (ESBO) is a collection of organic compounds obtained from the epoxidation of soybean oil. It is used as a plasticizer and stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. ESBO is a yellowish viscous liquid.[2] Contents 1 Manufacturing process 2 Uses 3 Safety 3.1 Food 3.2 Legislation 3.3 Toxicity 4 See also 5 References Manufacturing process Epoxidized linolein, a major component of ESBO. ESBO is manufactured from soybean oil through the process of epoxidation. Polyunsaturated vegetable oils are widely used as precursors to epoxidized oil products because they have high numbers of carbon-carbon double bonds available for epoxidation.[3] The epoxide group is more reactive than double bond, thus providing a more energetically favorable site for reaction and making the oil a good hydrochloric acid scavenger and plasticizer. Usually a peroxide or a peracid is used to add an atom of oxygen and convert the -C=C- bond to an epoxide group.[2] Uses Food products that are stored in glass jars are usually sealed with gaskets made from PVC. ESBO is one of the additives in the PVC gasket. It serves as a plasticizer and a scavenger for hydrochloric acid released when the PVC degrades thermally, e.g. when the gasket is applied to the lid and food product undergoes sterilization.[4] ESBO is also used in PVC cling films for wrapping foods and toys. Safety Food A Swiss survey in June 2005 showed that (among many other plasticizers exceeding the legal limits) migration of ESBO into foods reached up to 1,170 mg/kg.[5] Rapid Alert System in Food and Feed (RASFF) had also reported cases of food product rejection in EU for exceeding SML under EU Legislation (EC/2002/72).[6] Enforcement authorities took measures to force producers respecting the legal limits. Legislation In Europe, plastics in food contact are regulated by Regulation (EU) 10/2011. It establishes a specific migration limit (SML) for ESBO of 60 mg/kg. However, in the case of PVC gaskets used to seal glass jars containing infant formulae and follow-on formulae as defined by Directive 2006/141/EC or processed cereal-based foods and baby foods for infants and young children as defined by Directive 2006/125/EC, the SML is lowered to 30 mg/kg. This is because babies have higher food consumption per body weight. Toxicity The tolerable daily intake (TDI) of ESBO defined by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) of the EU is 1 mg/kg body weight. This value is based on a toxicological assessment performed by the British Industrial Biological Research Association (BIBRA) in the late 1997. Repeated oral administration had been shown to affect the liver, kidney, testis and uterus of rats.[7] According to the conventional European rules for food packaging materials, the TDI became a basis for the SML of 60 mg/kg. 1. Introduction The utilization of renewable resources in the field of polymer synthesis has gained a great deal of attention due to the growing public concerns for the environmental concerns and the sustainable development [1, 2]. Soybean oil (ESO) is the bio-based product from the epoxidation of soybean oil with hydrogen peroxide and either acetic or formic acid obtained by converting the double bonds into epoxy groups, which is non-toxic and of higher chemical reactivity [3]. It is mainly used as a green plasticizer for many plastics currently [4]. Meanwhile it has also attracted an increasing attention as a green epoxy resin utilizing the reactive epoxy groups into both the monomer synthesis and the polymer preparation due to its low cost, little toxicity, and large production, which imply its great potential in industrial process [5]. ESO can be converted by different kinds of reactions with co-monomers and/or initiators [6]. Permanent network that comes from the directing cross-linking of ESO and hardeners endows ESO with great stability, superior mechanical properties and satisfying chemical resistance, which make the products competitive among a variety of materials. In addition, the chemical modification of ESO has gained more and more attention in recent years. Introducing hydroxyl groups to make polyols for polyurethanes synthesis is one of the most important chemical modification methods [7]. Acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) obtained by ring opening esterification between acrylic acid and ESO is of high reactivity for thermal and UV initiated polymerization [8, 9]. This chapter reviews the applications of ESO and its derivatives for the preparation of a series of bio-based polymeric materials. 2. Direct cross-linking 2.1 Amine hardeners Functional amines are widely used as curing agents for generating epoxy resin. For ESO, a series of amines used as curing agents are listed in Table 1 and the reaction scheme between ESO and amine is shown in Figure 1. Most of the researchers focused on the investigation of the cross-linking process of partially bio-based polymers because of the unsatisfying properties of fully bio-based ones. Three main methods can be applied to improve the properties of ESO-based thermosets, which are using commercial curing agents, adding commercial epoxy resins to ESO, and adding other materials to make composites [10, 11, 12]. SOYBEAN OIL Soybean oil, better known by its acronym, ESBO, is a plasticizer used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. It serves as a plasticizer and as a scavenger for hydrochloric acid liberated from PVC when the PVC undergoes heat treatment. Substance name:soyabean oil,epoxidised Trade name:Epoxidized Soybean Oil EC no:232-391-0 CAS no:8013-07-8 HS code:38122090 KH product code:100510 Synonyms:epoxidised soyabean oil / epoxybean oil / epoxydized soyabean oil / ESBO / soyabean oil, epoxidized / soybean oil, epoxidized / soybean oil,epoxidized) Soybean oil production technology Abstract The invention discloses epoxidized soybean oil production technology, including step once：（One）Oxidation；（Two）Washing；（Three）Decolourize；（Four）Distillation；The main improvement of the present invention is that the charging reaction to raw material realizes that batch feeds, and is strictly controlled per batch reaction condition, realizes standardization control so that reaction is more fully, thoroughly；Secondly, the present invention proposes the theory of comprehensive decolouring, the pigment of epoxidized soybean oil is carried out rationally, thoroughly decolourize, raising decolorizing effect etc.；Again, the technology of the present invention proposes that cold water carries out Impurity removal with reference to the water-washing method of hot water to epoxidized soybean oil, and the removal effect of impurity is good. Description Soybean oil production technology Technical field The present invention relates to a kind of epoxidized soybean oil production technology. Background technology Soybean oil is a kind of widely used plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride and stabilizer, can significantly improve plastic products Hot photostability, and epoxidized soybean oil is the characteristics of have nontoxic, transparent, is suitable for making the plasticizer of packaging material for food, Environmental protection, safety, health. Soybean oil for glycerine fatty acid ester blends, primary raw material be soybean oil, organic acid and hydrogen peroxide simultaneously The oxidation in the presence of catalyst, the production technology of existing conventional epoxy soybean oil is mainly using the side that alkali refining is refined Method, is refined with concentrated base low temperature process, is affected by raw material, processing conditions, and traditional handicraft control condition is main except generating Glycerine fatty acid ester admixture outside, can also produce all kinds of impurity not waited containing quantity, such as phosphatide, protein, pigment, moisture Presence Deng, these materials undoubtedly affects epoxidation reaction and product quality, and conventional process conditions to the clearance of impurity compared with It is low, and as condition control is limited, do not accomplish the control of precision so that the epoxidized soybean oil of preparation is in purity and quality And all than relatively low in efficiency. The content of the invention For above-mentioned problem, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of epoxidized soybean oil production technology, the epoxidized soybean oil Production process control is reasonable, can realize Precise control, higher to the clearance of impurity, and can improve epoxy soybean The product quality of oil, reduces work hours, improve production efficiency, and good decolorizing effect, cost-effective. To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows： Soybean oil production technology, is followed the steps below successively： The material in drying tower is extracted out by canned motor pump after the completion of e, drying, and is delivered in the medial launder of epoxidized soybean oil, Obtain epoxidized soybean oil. 2. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（One）Described in a Soybean oil head tank, formic acid head tank, hydrogen peroxide head tank and sulfuric acid high position tank are equidistant to be fixedly installed on the oxidation Kettle top, and arrange around the stills for air blowing, filtered through gauze net is also equipped with four head tanks. 3. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（One）Described in a In hydrogen peroxide head tank, liquid level high level alarm is set. 4. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（One）Described in a The upper, middle and lower position of stills for air blowing kettle body is respectively provided with temperature sensor, detects stills for air blowing interior temperature by each position temperature sensor The change of degree. 5. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（One）Stills for air blowing in k It is provided with cooling water flow controller, the ascensional range of control oxidation temperature in the kettle, and by steam by the temperature in stills for air blowing 95 DEG C are heated to finally. 6. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（One）Oxygen is controlled in k Change the Ya Li≤0.1MPa in kettle. 7. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（Two）Hot water in a Flow is controlled in 0.4m3/ h, the flow of cold water are controlled in 0.6 m3/h。 8. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（Two）In c cold water and The flow control of hot water is 1 m3/ h, the temperature of hot water is at 120 DEG C. 9. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（Three）If working in b The thickness of property carbon decoloring layer is thickened from the top down successively, and every layer of active carbon layer is arranged on stainless steel grid. The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：The epoxidized soybean oil production process control is reasonable, can realize Precise control, It is higher to the clearance of impurity, and the product quality of epoxidized soybean oil can be improved, reduce work hours, improve production efficiency, and And good decolorizing effect, it is cost-effective, preferable economic benefit can be produced. Specific embodiment In order that one of ordinary skill in the art is better understood on technical scheme, with reference to embodiment Technical scheme is further described. Embodiment：A kind of epoxidized soybean oil production technology,（One）Oxidation： The material in drying tower is extracted out by canned motor pump after the completion of e, drying, and be delivered to the medial launder of epoxidized soybean oil It is interior, obtain epoxidized soybean oil. The main improvement of the present invention is that the charging reaction to raw material realizes that batch feeds, and is strictly controlled per batch Reaction condition, realizes standardization control so that reaction is more fully, thoroughly；Secondly, the present invention proposes the reason of comprehensive decolouring Read, the pigment of epoxidized soybean oil is carried out rationally, thoroughly decolourize, raising decolorizing effect etc.；Again, the technology of the present invention proposes cold Water carries out Impurity removal with reference to the water-washing method of hot water to epoxidized soybean oil, and the removal effect of impurity is good；And by each step Combining closely between rapid so that the product quality of the epoxidized soybean oil of final production is significantly improved, improves which economical Benefit. Abstract Soybean oil (ESO) is the oxidation product of soybean oil with hydrogen peroxide and either acetic or formic acid obtained by converting the double bonds into epoxy groups, which is non-toxic and of higher chemical reactivity. ESO is mainly used as a green plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride, while the reactive epoxy groups imply its great potential in both the monomer synthesis and the polymer preparation fields. Functional polymers are obtained by different kinds of reactions of the ESO with co-monomers and/or initiators shown in this chapter. The emphasis is on ESO based epoxy cross-linked polymers which recently gained strong interest and allowed new developments especially from both an academic point of view and an industrial point of view. It is believed that new ring-opening reagents may facilitate the synthesis of good structural ESO based materials. Soybean oil Jump to navigationJump to search Soybean oil Names Other names ESBO; Epoxidized soya bean oil; ESO Identifiers CAS Number 8013-07-8 ☒ ChemSpider none ECHA InfoCard 100.029.444 Edit this at Wikidata CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID1027687 Edit this at Wikidata Properties Appearance Light yellow viscous liquid[1] Density 0.994 g/cm3[1] Melting point 0 °C (32 °F; 273 K)[1] Solubility in water Insoluble[1] Hazards R-phrases (outdated) R36 R37 R38 R43 S-phrases (outdated) S24 S26 S37 NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 110 Flash point 227 °C (441 °F; 500 K) Autoignition temperature 600 °C (1,112 °F; 873 K) Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Soybean oil (ESBO) is a collection of organic compounds obtained from the epoxidation of soybean oil. It is used as a plasticizer and stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. ESBO is a yellowish viscous liquid.[2] Contents 1 Manufacturing process 2 Uses 3 Safety 3.1 Food 3.2 Legislation 3.3 Toxicity 4 See also 5 References Manufacturing process Epoxidized linolein, a major component of ESBO. ESBO is manufactured from soybean oil through the process of epoxidation. Polyunsaturated vegetable oils are widely used as precursors to epoxidized oil products because they have high numbers of carbon-carbon double bonds available for epoxidation.[3] The epoxide group is more reactive than double bond, thus providing a more energetically favorable site for reaction and making the oil a good hydrochloric acid scavenger and plasticizer. Usually a peroxide or a peracid is used to add an atom of oxygen and convert the -C=C- bond to an epoxide group.[2] Uses Food products that are stored in glass jars are usually sealed with gaskets made from PVC. ESBO is one of the additives in the PVC gasket. It serves as a plasticizer and a scavenger for hydrochloric acid released when the PVC degrades thermally, e.g. when the gasket is applied to the lid and food product undergoes sterilization.[4] ESBO is also used in PVC cling films for wrapping foods and toys. Safety Food A Swiss survey in June 2005 showed that (among many other plasticizers exceeding the legal limits) migration of ESBO into foods reached up to 1,170 mg/kg.[5] Rapid Alert System in Food and Feed (RASFF) had also reported cases of food product rejection in EU for exceeding SML under EU Legislation (EC/2002/72).[6] Enforcement authorities took measures to force producers respecting the legal limits. Legislation In Europe, plastics in food contact are regulated by Regulation (EU) 10/2011. It establishes a specific migration limit (SML) for ESBO of 60 mg/kg. However, in the case of PVC gaskets used to seal glass jars containing infant formulae and follow-on formulae as defined by Directive 2006/141/EC or processed cereal-based foods and baby foods for infants and young children as defined by Directive 2006/125/EC, the SML is lowered to 30 mg/kg. This is because babies have higher food consumption per body weight. Toxicity The tolerable daily intake (TDI) of ESBO defined by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) of the EU is 1 mg/kg body weight. This value is based on a toxicological assessment performed by the British Industrial Biological Research Association (BIBRA) in the late 1997. Repeated oral administration had been shown to affect the liver, kidney, testis and uterus of rats.[7] According to the conventional European rules for food packaging materials, the TDI became a basis for the SML of 60 mg/kg. 1. Introduction The utilization of renewable resources in the field of polymer synthesis has gained a great deal of attention due to the growing public concerns for the environmental concerns and the sustainable development [1, 2]. Soybean oil (ESO) is the bio-based product from the epoxidation of soybean oil with hydrogen peroxide and either acetic or formic acid obtained by converting the double bonds into epoxy groups, which is non-toxic and of higher chemical reactivity [3]. It is mainly used as a green plasticizer for many plastics currently [4]. Meanwhile it has also attracted an increasing attention as a green epoxy resin utilizing the reactive epoxy groups into both the monomer synthesis and the polymer preparation due to its low cost, little toxicity, and large production, which imply its great potential in industrial process [5]. ESO can be converted by different kinds of reactions with co-monomers and/or initiators [6]. Permanent network that comes from the directing cross-linking of ESO and hardeners endows ESO with great stability, superior mechanical properties and satisfying chemical resistance, which make the products competitive among a variety of materials. In addition, the chemical modification of ESO has gained more and more attention in recent years. Introducing hydroxyl groups to make polyols for polyurethanes synthesis is one of the most important chemical modification methods [7]. Acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) obtained by ring opening esterification between acrylic acid and ESO is of high reactivity for thermal and UV initiated polymerization [8, 9]. This chapter reviews the applications of ESO and its derivatives for the preparation of a series of bio-based polymeric materials. 2. Direct cross-linking 2.1 Amine hardeners Functional amines are widely used as curing agents for generating epoxy resin. For ESO, a series of amines used as curing agents are listed in Table 1 and the reaction scheme between ESO and amine is shown in Figure 1. Most of the researchers focused on the investigation of the cross-linking process of partially bio-based polymers because of the unsatisfying properties of fully bio-based ones. Three main methods can be applied to improve the properties of ESO-based thermosets, which are using commercial curing agents, adding commercial epoxy resins to ESO, and adding other materials to make composites [10, 11, 12]. SOYBEAN OIL Soybean oil, better known by its acronym, ESBO, is a plasticizer used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. It serves as a plasticizer and as a scavenger for hydrochloric acid liberated from PVC when the PVC undergoes heat treatment. Substance name:soyabean oil,epoxidised Trade name:Epoxidized Soybean Oil EC no:232-391-0 CAS no:8013-07-8 HS code:38122090 KH product code:100510 Synonyms:epoxidised soyabean oil / epoxybean oil / epoxydized soyabean oil / ESBO / soyabean oil, epoxidized / soybean oil, epoxidized / soybean oil,epoxidized) Soybean oil production technology Abstract The invention discloses epoxidized soybean oil production technology, including step once：（One）Oxidation；（Two）Washing；（Three）Decolourize；（Four）Distillation；The main improvement of the present invention is that the charging reaction to raw material realizes that batch feeds, and is strictly controlled per batch reaction condition, realizes standardization control so that reaction is more fully, thoroughly；Secondly, the present invention proposes the theory of comprehensive decolouring, the pigment of epoxidized soybean oil is carried out rationally, thoroughly decolourize, raising decolorizing effect etc.；Again, the technology of the present invention proposes that cold water carries out Impurity removal with reference to the water-washing method of hot water to epoxidized soybean oil, and the removal effect of impurity is good. Description Soybean oil production technology Technical field The present invention relates to a kind of epoxidized soybean oil production technology. Background technology Soybean oil is a kind of widely used plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride and stabilizer, can significantly improve plastic products Hot photostability, and epoxidized soybean oil is the characteristics of have nontoxic, transparent, is suitable for making the plasticizer of packaging material for food, Environmental protection, safety, health. Soybean oil for glycerine fatty acid ester blends, primary raw material be soybean oil, organic acid and hydrogen peroxide simultaneously The oxidation in the presence of catalyst, the production technology of existing conventional epoxy soybean oil is mainly using the side that alkali refining is refined Method, is refined with concentrated base low temperature process, is affected by raw material, processing conditions, and traditional handicraft control condition is main except generating Glycerine fatty acid ester admixture outside, can also produce all kinds of impurity not waited containing quantity, such as phosphatide, protein, pigment, moisture Presence Deng, these materials undoubtedly affects epoxidation reaction and product quality, and conventional process conditions to the clearance of impurity compared with It is low, and as condition control is limited, do not accomplish the control of precision so that the epoxidized soybean oil of preparation is in purity and quality And all than relatively low in efficiency. The content of the invention For above-mentioned problem, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of epoxidized soybean oil production technology, the epoxidized soybean oil Production process control is reasonable, can realize Precise control, higher to the clearance of impurity, and can improve epoxy soybean The product quality of oil, reduces work hours, improve production efficiency, and good decolorizing effect, cost-effective. To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows： Soybean oil production technology, is followed the steps below successively： The material in drying tower is extracted out by canned motor pump after the completion of e, drying, and is delivered in the medial launder of epoxidized soybean oil, Obtain epoxidized soybean oil. 2. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step���One）Described in a Soybean oil head tank, formic acid head tank, hydrogen peroxide head tank and sulfuric acid high position tank are equidistant to be fixedly installed on the oxidation Kettle top, and arrange around the stills for air blowing, filtered through gauze net is also equipped with four head tanks. 3. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（One）Described in a In hydrogen peroxide head tank, liquid level high level alarm is set. 4. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（One）Described in a The upper, middle and lower position of stills for air blowing kettle body is respectively provided with temperature sensor, detects stills for air blowing interior temperature by each position temperature sensor The change of degree. 5. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（One）Stills for air blowing in k It is provided with cooling water flow controller, the ascensional range of control oxidation temperature in the kettle, and by steam by the temperature in stills for air blowing 95 DEG C are heated to finally. 6. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（One）Oxygen is controlled in k Change the Ya Li≤0.1MPa in kettle. 7. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（Two）Hot water in a Flow is controlled in 0.4m3/ h, the flow of cold water are controlled in 0.6 m3/h。 8. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（Two）In c cold water and The flow control of hot water is 1 m3/ h, the temperature of hot water is at 120 DEG C. 9. epoxidized soybean oil production technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（Three）If working in b The thickness of property carbon decoloring layer is thickened from the top down successively, and every layer of active carbon layer is arranged on stainless steel grid. The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：The epoxidized soybean oil production process control is reasonable, can realize Precise control, It is higher to the clearance of impurity, and the product quality of epoxidized soybean oil can be improved, reduce work hours, improve production efficiency, and And good decolorizing effect, it is cost-effective, preferable economic benefit can be produced. Specific embodiment In order that one of ordinary skill in the art is better understood on technical scheme, with reference to embodiment Technical scheme is further described. Embodiment：A kind of epoxidized soybean oil production technology,（One）Oxidation： The material in drying tower is extracted out by canned motor pump after the completion of e, drying, and be delivered to the medial launder of epoxidized soybean oil It is interior, obtain epoxidized soybean oil. The main improvement of the present invention is that the charging reaction to raw material realizes that batch feeds, and is strictly controlled per batch Reaction condition, realizes standardization control so that reaction is more fully, thoroughly；Secondly, the present invention proposes the reason of comprehensive decolouring Read, the pigment of epoxidized soybean oil is carried out rationally, thoroughly decolourize, raising decolorizing effect etc.；Again, the technology of the present invention proposes cold Water carries out Impurity removal with reference to the water-washing method of hot water to epoxidized soybean oil, and the removal effect of impurity is good；And by each step Combining closely between rapid so that the product quality of the epoxidized soybean oil of final production is significantly improved, improves which economical Benefit.

DESCRIPTION:

Soybean Wax (Soywax) for scented container candles (C3) is pure to achieve optimal surface results.
The soy wax from our store is an excellent solution for making your own poured or scented candles as it has numerous advantages.
We advise blending Soybean Wax (Soywax) with 10% stearin and pouring it with fragrance at 75°C (167°F).
Soybean Wax (Soywax) can also be used for making wax melts by adding 5% beeswax.


CAS number 68334-28-1



Soy wax for containers only (not suitable for molds candles)
Our soy wax comes in three container blends.
These wax beads are more convenient for measuring proper amounts of wax depending on your project.

Soybean Wax (Soywax) is a renewable resource and biodegradable.
When our soy candles are burning the liquid wax is not hot enough to burn your skin, and if spilled can be cleaned up with soap and water.

Soy wax isn’t actually a wax at all; it’s a form of soybean oil (partially-hydrogenated oil to be specific).
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is made from soybeans so is a natural and biodegradable substance.

Soybean Wax (Soywax) is made from soybean oil, the oil is treated with a hydrogen solution to solidify the oil into wax.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is all natural meaning Soybean Wax (Soywax) is non-toxic, colourless and a clean-burning fuel source.
On the other hand, paraffin wax is created from petroleum (the same property used to make oil), this wax is also colourless and is clean-burning, however, there are many factors that make soy wax the superior type of wax.

In addition to being all natural, soy wax releases fewer toxins, burns for longer than paraffin wax and has a lower melting point, making it easier to burn in all kinds of climates.

Because paraffin wax is produced as a byproduct of crude oil, it can actually be harmful to the environment due to the toxins emitted.
When paraffin wax candles burn, they emit black fumes which contribute to air pollution, whereas soy wax candles produce far fewer emissions and are safer for people and the environment.
At Green Nation Life, we use only the highest quality soy wax to ensure beautiful, safe, long-lasting candles.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) candles are proudly hand-poured in Melbourne, Australia.


Soybean Wax (Soywax) is a hydrogenated form of soybean oil.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) occurs as a waxy solid that is white in color and has a neutral odor.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is100% plant-based

Soybean Wax (Soywax) hasLow melting point: 52-54 ° C
Soybean Wax (Soywax) without additives and is not tested on animals.

Soy wax offers several advantages over traditional paraffin wax.
It's a natural, renewable resource derived from soybeans, making it eco-friendly and biodegradable. Candle soy wax burns cleaner with little to no soot, reducing indoor air pollution.

Its lower melting point means longer-lasting candles.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) has a higher fragrance-holding capacity, resulting in a more potent scent throw.
Soy wax spills are easy to clean.

These benefits make soy wax an excellent choice for environmentally-conscious consumers seeking cleaner, sustainable, and high-quality candle options.


Soybean Wax (Soywax) is a vegetable wax made from the oil of soybeans.
After harvesting, the beans are cleaned, cracked, de-hulled, and rolled into flakes.
The oil is then extracted from the flakes and hydrogenated.

The U.S. grows the vast majority of the world's soybeans, primarily in the Midwestern United States.
Soy wax is a vegetable wax made from the oil of soybeans.
After harvesting, the beans are cleaned, cracked, de-hulled, and rolled into flakes.


The oil is then extracted from the flakes and hydrogenated.
The hydrogenation process converts some of the fatty acids in the oil from unsaturated to saturated.
This process dramatically alters the melting point of the oil, making it solid at room temperature. The leftover bean husks are commonly used as animal feed.
The U.S. grows the vast majority of the world's soybeans, primarily in Illinois, Iowa, and Indiana.

Soybean Wax (Soywax) to make candles and beauty treatments.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is a vegan alternative to conventional waxes.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is creamy and soft in appearance that lasts in all climates.

Soy candle wax is ideal for candles in container and for massage candles, since when melted it is used as a massage oil on the skin because its melting point is low, with an optimal result, leaving a moisturized and smooth dermis.
If additives such as essential oils or fragrances are added, the result will be an aromatic candle.
Soy wax is versatile and noble, so it can be part of products such as creams, lipsticks, ointments, ointments, balms and hair products with unique results.

Soy wax is a 100% natural wax derived from the vegetable soybeans.
Soybeans are one of the major agricultural crops grown in the United States, behind only corn.
Most of the world’s soybeans are grown and harvested close to home for us in the Midwestern United States.

After the beans are harvested, they are then cleaned, cracked, de-hulled, and rolled into flakes.
Soybean oil is extracted from the flakes and the leftover flakes are used for animal feed.
Paraffin wax - the most commonly used candle wax - is made in a contrasting way and because of this, the cost is much cheaper.
Paraffin wax is the product of the oil purification process from petroleum, coal, or oil shale.
When you remove the waxy substance from crude oil, you’re left with paraffin wax.


Soybean Wax (Soywax) is made by the full hydrogenation of soybean oil;[1][2] chemically this gives a triglyceride, containing a high proportion of stearic acid.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is typically softer than paraffin wax and with a lower melting temperature, in most combinations.
However, additives can raise this melting point to temperatures typical for paraffin-based candles.

The melting point ranges from 49 to 82 degrees Celsius (130 to 150 degrees Fahrenheit), depending on the blend.
The density of soy wax is about 90% that of water or 0.9 g/ml.
This means nine pounds (144 oz) of wax will fill about ten 16-oz jars (160 fluid ounces of volume). Soy wax is available in flake and pellet form and has an off-white, opaque appearance.

Its lower melting temperature can mean that candles will melt in hot weather.
Since soy wax is usually used in container candles, this is not much of an issue



APPLICATIONS OF SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX):
Adhesives & Sealants: Soy wax can be used in the formulation of eco-friendly adhesives and sealants, providing sustainable bonding solutions.
Candles: Soy wax is a popular choice for candle-making due to its clean-burning properties, renewable source, and eco-friendliness.

Coatings & Paints: Soy wax can be incorporated into coatings and paints, contributing to their sustainability and enhancing their performance.
Packaging: In the packaging industry, soy wax may be used in eco-conscious packaging materials and coatings.
Cosmetics & Care: Soy wax can find applications in cosmetics and personal care products, adding natural and eco-friendly properties.
Tire & Rubber: In the tire and rubber industry, soy wax may be used in rubber compound formulations to improve processing and performance.

Wax Blenders: Soy wax is employed in the formulation of wax blends for various applications, offering sustainable alternatives.
Cleaning & Household: Soy wax can be used in eco-friendly cleaning products and household items, providing a natural and renewable ingredient.

Agriculture: Soy wax may find agricultural applications, such as in crop protection formulations and soil conditioning products, contributing to sustainable agriculture practices.


Natural soy wax is a component obtained from a vegetable derivative, which makes it renewable and sustainable.
Thanks to its consistency, texture and emollient action, it can be used to make various products such as:
• Cream
• Ointment
• Soap
• Ointment
• Lip balm
• Beard wax
• Hair product



HOW IS SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX) MADE?
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is a plant-based wax derived from soybeans.
After gathering, the soybeans are washed, split, de-hulled, and made into flakes.
The oil is then removed and processed from the grains.

Most unsaturated fats in the oil are converted to saturate during the hydrogenation stage.
This procedure drastically lowers the oil's melting range, causing it to solidify at ambient temperature.
Agricultural products are typically made from discarded bean shells.
Since this wax is made from soy protein, Soybean Wax (Soywax) may also include non-soy components.
Extraction or industrial crushing are used to extract the oil from the solid structure of soybeans.
This unprocessed oil will be processed and cleaned.

To make 10 kg of soy, 60 kilograms of beans are needed.
Once the oil has been extracted, the soy grains are utilised for cattle feed.
Soybean oil is modified to render it even more rigid (to generate wax).


HOW IS SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX) PREPARED?
Soy wax is made by converting soybean oil into a product using a complicated procedure known as hydrogenation.
This is a technical term for the process by which scientists convert a fluid fat into a hard wax.
This description involves some freedoms, but the most significant aspect of hydrogenation originates from bean oil.


WHY WE USE SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX):
The Natural, Vegan-Friendly Choice for Candles and Wax Melts:
If you’re looking for a clean, natural, and sustainable option for your candle and wax melt needs, soya wax is the way to go.
Made from 100% natural soybean plants, soya wax is vegan-friendly, toxin-free, and biodegradable.
In this post, we’ll explore why it is the perfect choice for conscious consumers who want to enjoy the warm glow and heavenly scents of candles and wax melts without harming the environment or their health.

100% Natural and Vegan:
Soybean wax derives from fast-growing soybean plants that are easy to cultivate in many regions, unlike traditional paraffin, which manufacturers produce from crude oil, coal, or oil shale.
This makes soy wax a renewable and sustainable option for conscientious consumers.
Moreover, soy wax is 100% vegan and not tested on animals, making it a cruelty-free and ethical choice for those who care about animal welfare.

Clean Combustion:
One of the most significant advantages of soy wax is its clean combustion.
Soy does not release any harmful substances into the atmosphere, unlike non-renewable paraffin wax, which may contain harmful carcinogens that can affect our health.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is also less allergenic than paraffin wax, making it a much safer option for people with respiratory issues or allergies.

Friendly to the Environment and the Planet:
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is vegan-friendly, toxin-free, biodegradable, and water-soluble.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is eco-friendlier than paraffin wax.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is derived from plant-based sources, which means it has a lower carbon footprint and is less harmful to the environment.

Additionally, Soybean Wax (Soywax) has a lower melting point than paraffin wax.
This feature allows for cooler and longer burning, resulting in a prolonged candle life.


OTHER INGREDIENTS OF SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX):
The hydrogenation process of soybeans alone produces paraffin with a low melting stage and a squishy feel.
This sort of 100 per cent soy wax is good for box candles but not tower soy wax candles.
To make quality wax for candle holders, more materials like wax or acids must be included.

Most soy wax candle retailers refer to their tower hot wax as "blended wax," rather than "soy wax."
Soy candles frequently contain fragrances and pigments.
Commonly flavoured soy waxes can include up to ten per cent aroma oil, which is easily mixable with luxury soy candle wax.
In fragrant soy wax, pigments are frequently used, such as green dye in apple-flavoured wax or violet dye in blueberry-flavoured wax.



PERFORMANCE OF SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX)
Despite its higher density, soy wax is often lighter than paraffin.
Soy wax candles have a thicker structure, making it harder for filaments to disperse the fragrance without becoming too huge.
This results in poor scent production.

When all other factors are held constant, soy wax has a lower hot throw than paraffin.
Soy wax candles have a good cold throw, which is one of its advantages.
Mostly soy is challenging to colour since the colours are frequently muted, and blemishes like icing ruin an otherwise strong image.


CHEMISTRY OF SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX):
Soy's typical melting point is around 124 degrees Fahrenheit.
For instance, paraffin has a melting range of 131 degrees Fahrenheit.

Soy is preferable for vessels because of its lower melting points, but it is not as robust or solid for programs that demand heat resilience.
Considering some common business practices, it's best to warm the waxes up to 185°F before any of the processes with them.

BENEFITS OF SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX):
The best thing about soy is that it is fully recyclable.
Although world oil stocks are depleting and paraffin costs are increasing, the sole constraint to soy production is just the maximum we can cultivate.
Soy which users currently purchase, is mostly planted just under a year ago.
And there's a good chance that the very same region is producing more soy for subsequent candles.

An adequately produced soy wax candle will flame neatly and gradually, often to the consumers' pleasure, offering an addition to being environmentally friendly.
Although soy candles' efficiency and elegance testify for themselves, scented soy candle is an advertiser's ideal.
Anyone can promote soy candles as environmentally, recyclable, ecological, and carbon-neutral.

KEY INGREDIENT SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX):
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is a partially-hydrogenated form of soybean vegetable oil.
Soy's greatest advantage is that it is completely renewable.
While the global reserves of crude oil shrink and paraffin prices increase, the only limit to the soy supply is how much of this crop we choose to grow.
In addition to sustainability, a well-made soy candle will burn very clean and slow.


Because Soybean Wax (Soywax) burns so cleanly, when burned in normal conditions you will not experience the awful black soot around the edge of your container.
However, as with everything else there are Exceptions.
For instance, if your home is drafty, the flame itself may scorch the inside of the container if it flickers too much.


Soy wax also releases our fragrance oils better and keeps it longer than paraffin candles.
This is because being a natural vegetable wax; it absorbs the essential oils completely, giving you a wonderful scent right down to the last drop.
Paraffin wax requires chemicals to be added to it in order for it to release its fragrance.

These chemicals are also emitted into your home when it's burning.
In fact, some of the cheaper scented paraffin candles are only dipped in fragrance coating the outside.
Smells great in the shop, but only lasts a few hours at home.
We blend our natural fragrance oils at the pouring stage ensuring a fragrant home till the candles are gone.



SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX) HISTORY:
Invention of soy wax:
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is quite a recent invention.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) was only in 1991, when Michael Richards, when looking for a cheaper alternative for beeswax, that he developed soy wax.
There was a big demand for natural wax candles, but beeswax was about 10 times more expensive than paraffin.

As he entered the candle industry with beeswax products he realized there was a growing demand for natural wax candles.
Micheal Richard tested different natural plant waxes and finally ended up with a vegetable wax which was made with partially hydrogenated soy oil, coconut oil and palm oil.
He also blended beeswax with soy wax to make an economical natural wax candle.


COMMERCIALISATION OF SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX):
In 1995, the Body Shop, a national chain of stores, was the first to offer soy candles to the general public.
The first natural wax candles which were delivered to the Body Shop were a mixture of beeswax and almond oil.
Later this almond oil was completely replaced with soy wax.

In 1996 Michael succeeded in replacing the expensive beeswax with soy wax.
The candle wax then mainly consisted of hydrogenated soybean oil.
He developed different mixtures of soy wax for container candles and free standing candles, which needed a higher melting point.

The soy wax producer Candleworks negotiated in 1997 a research project with the University of Iowa which resulted in the study: "Increasing the Use of Soybeans in the Manufacturing of Candles".

In 1998 The Indiana Soybean Board unveiled at the Farm Progress Show special patented soy wax, Harvest Lights, which was developed by a farmer-funded group.



USAGE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX):
Candle Fragrances:
This vegetable soy wax can be used with any type of fragrance oil, but we recommend choosing a quality oil designed for this purpose.
A low-end fragrance or one not intended for this use could alter the candle's burning and not provide an optimal scent.

If you use our candle fragrances, do not exceed 7% to 10% fragrance depending on the chosen reference, as this is unnecessary and could also disrupt burning.
For optimal scent diffusion, the fragrance should be incorporated into the wax between 75 and 80°C (167-176°F) during the cooling phase.

Candle Filling:
Melt the wax gently in a bain-marie and do not exceed 90°C (194°F).
The melting point is around 51°C (124°F).
Fill your containers with the fragranced oil at a minimum of 75°C (167°F) to ensure a perfect candle.

Candle Wicks:
With soy wax, we recommend TCR type wicks for candles, chosen according to the diameter of your container.

Candle Dyes:
You will find a range of dyes in our store to give your candle beautiful sparkling colors.
They come in powder, liquid, or flake form.
Add it during the heating phase of your candle, at least 70°C (158°F), and mix well to ensure the color is evenly distributed.
If you are also adding fragrance oil, include it at the end of this step.

Candle Cooling:
Once the candle is poured, let it cool to room temperature, and rest for 48 hours before use.
This will ensure a perfect hold of the candle!

Soy Wax Wholesaler for Candles:
We can offer a supplier deal for soy waxes for candles.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is eligible for wholesale from 450kg per reference and per order.

Simply select the "large volume: request a quote" option at the top right of the product sheet.

By selecting this option next to the weight variations, we will receive your quote by email and can contact you as soon as possible to offer a tailored deal.



THE BENEFITS OF SOY WAX FOR CONTAINER CANDLES:
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is 100% plant-based, vegan, and not tested on animals
Soy wax has a low melting point of (42-48°C / 107.6-118.4°F).
It is easier to handle than other waxes that require longer heating.

Filling only requires one pour.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) has Excellent adherence to glass, optimal aesthetic appearance (color, shine, adherence).
No alteration of the candle's scent by a wax melting point that's too high.

Being odorless, Soybean Wax (Soywax) will not alter the fragrances of your creations.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) will melt completely, leaving no residue on the container.
Container cleaning is easily done with hot water and soap.

In conclusion, Soybean Wax (Soywax) for container candles is an environmentally friendly, health-conscious, and home-friendly solution.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is easy to handle, preserves fragrances, and showcases a smooth, flawless aesthetic.


Soybean Wax (Soywax) is non-toxic and cleaner-burning being made with no toxins, carcinogens, or pollutants which means our candles are less likely to trigger allergies.
As a vegetable-based wax, Soybean Wax (Soywax) does not give off any harmful byproducts or produce black soot that can stain walls and curtains like the other leading waxes.

Soybean Wax (Soywax) has a lower melting point than paraffin wax and because of this, soy candles will burn slower and longer than paraffin candles.
Oils evaporate better from a larger surface area and with the lower heat and larger melt pool soy wax creates a scent that will be that much stronger and more pleasant.

Soybean Wax (Soywax) is easier to clean because it is biodegradable.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) can be easily cleaned up with soap and water.

Soybean Wax (Soywax) is Natural, Renewable and Vegan derived from the soybean.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is a hydrogenated vegetable oil that turns into a solid at room temperature.
You can even make your own soy wax from soybeans at home

TYPES OF USES FOR SOY WAX IN CONTAINERS:
As its name suggests, Soybean Wax (Soywax) for container candles is ideal for making candles in jars, boxes, or glasses.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) has excellent adherence, a beautiful solid color, and a smooth finish that naturally makes it suitable for unscented containers.



HOW IS SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX) USED?:
Soybean Wax (Soywax) is used by candle makers in a number of ways.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) can be used straight as in Golden Brands 415 soy wax, blended with other natural oils like Golden Brands 464 soy wax or EcoSoya CB-Advanced, or mixed with paraffin to form a parasoy wax like IGI 6006.


BENEFITS OF SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX):
Soy's greatest advantage is that it is completely renewable.
While the global reserves of oil shrink and paraffin prices increase, the only limit to the soy supply is how much we choose to grow.
The soy that you buy from CandleScience today was likely in the ground less than a year ago.

And chances are that same field is growing more soy for the candles to be made in the future.
In addition to sustainability, a well-made soy candle will burn cleanly and slowly, much to the delight of your customers.
While the performance and beauty of soy candles speak for themselves, soy wax is truly a marketer's dream.

If you are making soy candles, you can market them as eco-friendly, renewable, American grown, sustainable, carbon-neutral; the list goes on and on.
Examples of application :
– cosmetics: cream, balm, etc.
– ingredient of choice for making cast candles and massage candles: Soy wax is generally softer than mineral wax and has a lower melting temperature, however if using additives or mixtures within the wax can increase the melting point and make the texture harder.

Soybean Wax (Soywax) will give you white candles which can be easily coloured.
Soybean Wax (Soywax) creates a smooth and shiny surface, good adhesion to container, and a hard but creamy texture.
With Soybean Wax (Soywax) there is no shrinkage, no crystallization on cooling and no foul odour when burning or extinguishing.





PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX):
– Film forming
– Emollient, nourishing and protective for the skin
– Increases the stability of emulsions and improves the consistency of the final product
– Soft, creamy and non-sticky feel



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX):
Creative use(s) Cosmetic / Massage candles / Poured candles in containers / Scented melts/pebbles / Scented suspension / Soap
Packaging Flakes
Type of wax Plant-based / Soy
Colour of the wax Ivory.
Origin USA
Compatible wick ECO Series / Flat wick / new / new / Woods wick
Weight 5kg / 22 / 6kg / 90 / 7kg
Melting point 51°C - 123°F
Working temperature 75°C - 167°F
Available in bulk Yes
Generic CAS number for UFI declaration 68334-28-1



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SOYBEAN WAX (SOYWAX)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

SP-154 Resin is a heat reactive phenolic resin that was developed for the formulation of solvent-borne polychloroprene cements.


CAS Number: 9003-35-4
Formula: (C6H6O.CH2O)x


SP-154 Resin is a heat-reactive phenolic resin that was specifically developed to prevent phasing in solvent-borne polychloroprene contact cements
SP-154 Resin provides high heat resistance, high cohesive strength, shorter open time, and light color.
SP-154 Resin possesses superior phase resistance.


SP-154 Resin is synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde.
SP-154 Resinis a modified heat-reactive alkylphenol resin and is supplied in flake form that was developed especially for formulating solvent-borne polychloroprene contact cements that do not phase.


SP-154 Resin is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.
SP-154 Resin is a heat reactive phenolic resin that was developed for the formulation of solvent-borne polychloroprene cements that do not phase.


SP-154 Resin provides high heat resistance, high cohesive strength, shorter open time, and light color.
SP-154 Resin reacts with an active magnesium oxide, such as ELASTOMAG 170, in solvent solution, forming a salt which greatly increases the heat resistance of the adhesive.


SP-154 Resin can also be used in formulating adhesives with NBR, SBR, natural and reclaimed rubbers.
SP-154 Resin is completely compatible with NBR and CR.
SP-154 Resin can react with an active magnesium oxide in solvent solution, forming a salt which greatly increases the heat resistance of the adhesive.


Adhesives made using SP-154 Resin have excellent heat resistance, high cohesive strength, and light color.
SP-154 Resin is oil soluble, heat reactive phenolic resin.
SP-154 Resin is used in neoprene solvent type contact cements.


In polychloroprene adhesives, SP-154 Resin increases heat resistance and cohesive strength of the adhesive film.
SP-154 Resin is synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde.
SP-154 Resin has strong adhesion, good chemical stability, high heat resistance, shrinkage when hardening, and stable product size.
SP-154 is a heat reactive phenolic resin that was developed for the formulation of solvent-borne polychloroprene cements.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SP-154 RESIN:
SP-154 Resin is a heat reactive phenolic resin-based tackifier, that was developed for the formulation of solvent-borne polychloroprene cement.
The average shelf life of SP-154 Resin is about 1 month at 21.1°C.
This can be extended by storing it in a refrigerator at 1.6 to 10°C.
Varying the catalyst(according to the thickness of the cast) and raising the cure temperature to 93°C will alter the cure time from as long as 8 h to as short as 15 min.


Some shrinkage occurs in the finished casting (0.012 to 0.6 mm/mm), depending on the quantity of filler, amount of catalyst, and the rate of cure.
The base material choice depends on the intended application of the finished product.
Paper phenolics are used in manufacturing electrical components such as punch-through boards, in household laminates, and in paper composite panels.


Glass phenolics are particularly well suited for use in the high speed bearing market.
Phenolic micro-balloons are used for density control.
The binding agent in normal (organic) brake pads, brake shoes, and clutch discs is SP-154 Resin.


Synthetic resin-bonded paper, made from SP-154 Resin and paper, is used to make countertops.
Another use of SP-154 Resin is the making of duroplast, famously used in Trabant automobiles.
Atmospheric re-entry spacecraft use SP-154 Resin as a key component in ablative heat shields (e.g. AVCOAT on the Apollo modules).


As the heat shield skin temperature can reach 1000-2000 °C, SP-154 Resin pyrolizes due to aerodynamic heating.
This reaction absorbs significant thermal energy, insulating the deeper layers of the heat shield.
The outgassing of pyrolisis reaction products and the removal of charred material by friction (ablation) also contribute to vehicle insulation, by mechanically carrying away the heat absorbed in those materials.


SP-154 Resin is used in general purpose and heat-activating contact cement.
SP-154 Resin is used for low-cost parts requiring good electrical insulating properties, heat resistance, or chemical resistance.
Faster cure cycles produce a higher rate of shrinkage.


Since the cure cycle can be accelerated, phenolics are used in short-run casting operations.
Cast phenolic parts are easily removed from the mold if the parting agents recommended by the supplier are used.
SP-154 Resin's molecular weight varies from a very low value during its early state of formation to almost infinity in its final state of cure.


SP-154 Resin was at one time the primary material used for the production of circuit boards but have been largely replaced with epoxy resins and fiberglass cloth, as with fire-resistant FR-4 circuit board materials.
SP-154 Resin is used as a binder in loudspeaker driver suspension components which are made of cloth.


Higher-end billiard balls are made from SP-154 Resin, as opposed to the polyesters used in less expensive sets.
Sometimes people select fiber-reinforced SP-154 Resin parts because their coefficient of thermal expansion closely matches that of the aluminium used for other parts of a system, as in early computer systems and Duramold.


SP-154 Resin is found in myriad industrial products.
Phenolic laminates are made by impregnating one or more layers of a base material such as paper, fiberglass, or cotton with phenolic resin and laminating the resin-saturated base material under heat and pressure.


SP-154 Resin fully polymerizes (cures) during this process forming the thermoset polymer matrix.
All these characteristics are coupled with relatively low cost.
SP-154 Resin is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses) and at industrial sites.


SP-154 Resin is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants and coating products.
Other release to the environment of SP-154 Resin is likely to occur from: outdoor use as reactive substance.
SP-154 Resin offers high heat resistance, cohesive strength, shorter time and light color.


SP-154 Resin is used for the manufacture of: metals, fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment and machinery and vehicles.
Other release to the environment of SP-154 Resin is likely to occur from: indoor use.
SP-154 Resin is used in the following products: fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, adhesives and sealants and polymers.


SP-154 Resin is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and building & construction work.
SP-154 Resin is used for the manufacture of: metals, fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment, machinery and vehicles and wood and wood products.


The correct SP-154 Resin is designed for very fast wetting.
After cross-linking, SP-154 Resin can provide the required mechanical strength, heat resistance and electrical properties for abrasive tools, refractory materials, friction materials and bakelite powder.


Water-soluble SP-154 Resin or alcohol-soluble phenolic resins are used to impregnate paper, cotton, glass, asbestos and the like to provide them with mechanical strength, electrical properties and the like.
Typical examples include electrical and mechanical laminate manufacturing, clutch plates and filter paper for automotive filters.


SP-154 Resin is used in binders, adhesives, laminates, impregnation products, surface coatings, casting sand, etc.
SP-154 Resin is also used for making exterior plywood commonly known as weather and boil proof (WBP) plywood because phenolic resins have no melting point but only a decomposing point in the temperature zone of 220 °C (428 °F) and above.


SP-154 Resin shows compatibility with nitrile- and chloroprene rubber.
The chemical configuration of SP-154 Resin, in the thermoset state, is usually represented by a three dimensional network in which the phenolic nuclei are linked by methylene groups.


The completely cross-linked network requires three methylene groups to two phenolic groups.
A lesser degree of cross-linking is attainable either by varying the proportions of the ingredients or by blocking some of the reactive positions of the phenolic nucleus by other groups, such as methyl, butyl, etc.


SP-154 Resin is used as the basis for Bakelite, PFs were the first commercial synthetic resins (plastics).
SP-154 Resin has been widely used for the production of molded products including billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings and adhesives.
Posteuring improves the basic properties of the finished casting.


SP-154 Resin is a synthetic resin, commonly known as phenolic, made by the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde, and employed as a molding material for the making of mechanical and electrical parts.
SP-154 Resin is also used for laminating, coatings, and casting resins.


SP-154 Resin is used most extensively as thermosetting plastic material, as there are only a few uses as thermoplastics.
SP-154 Resin is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen.
SP-154 Resin is a phenolic resin that reacts to heat.


Contact adhesives of the non-phasing polychloroprene solvent variety use it.
Release to the environment of SP-154 Resin can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as processing aid and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


SP-154 Resin has been widely used for the production of molded products including billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings and adhesives.
SP-154 Resin was at one time the primary material used for the production of circuit boards but have been largely replaced with epoxy resins and fiberglass cloth, as with fire-resistant FR-4 circuit board materials.


SP-154 Resin is widely used in diamond products, grinding wheel and other industries.
Used as the basis for Bakelite, SP-154 Resin was the first commercial synthetic resins (plastics).
High cohesive strength, light color, and high heat resistance are all features of SP-154 Resin.


The outstanding characteristics of phenolics are good electrical properties, very rigid set, good tensile strength, excellent heat resistance, good rigidity at elevated temperature, good aging properties; also, good resistance to water, organic solvents, weak bases, and weak acids.
Other release to the environment of SP-154 Resin is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).


SP-154 Resin can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery) and wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).
SP-154 Resin is used in the following products: fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
SP-154 Resin is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.


SP-154 Resin is used Adhesives, and Furniture.
Reactivity can be enhanced by increasing the hydroxyl groups on the phenolic nuclei, for example, by the use of resorcinol.
SP-154 Resin has strong adhesion, good chemical stability, high heat resistance, shrinkage when hardening, and stable product size.


SP-154 Resin is used as laminating plastics, plastic pressing powder, glass fiber reinforced plastics and adhesives for gluing industry and coating industry.
SP-154 Resin is multifunctional and compatible with a wide variety of organic and inorganic fillers.


SP-154 Resin has good acid resistance, mechanical properties and heat resistance, and is widely used in anti-corrosion engineering, adhesives, flame retardant materials, grinding wheel manufacturing and other industries.
An important application of SP-154 Resin is as a binder.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SP-154 RESIN:
SP-154 Resin is most widely used low molecular weight butylated resols, which contain phenolic hydroxyl groups and etherified and unetherified methylol groups.
SP-154 Resin used to have a molecular weight of 3000-4000 and therefore contain secondary hydroxyl groups.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF SP-154 RESIN:
Features & Benefits
*Excellent heat resistance
*High cohesive strength
*Light color
*Increases heat resistance and cohesive strength of the adhesive film in polychloroprene adhesives



PREPARATION OF SP-154 RESIN:
Phenol-formaldehyde resin, SP-154 Resin, is prepared as follows:
C6H5OH+H2C=O ---> [-C6H2(OH)CH2-]n
One-Stage Resins:
The ratio of formaldehyde to phenol is high enough to allow the thermosetting process to take place without the addition of other sources of cross-links.
Two-Stage Resins:
The ratio of formaldehyde to phenol is low enough to prevent the thermosetting reaction from occurring during manufacture of the resin.
At this point the resin is termed novolac resin.
Subsequently, hexamethylenetetramine is incorporated into the material to act as a source of chemical cross-links during the molding operation (and conversion to the thermoset or cured state).



PRODUCTION OF SP-154 RESIN:
There are two main production methods.
One reacts phenol and formaldehyde directly to produce a thermosetting network polymer, while the other restricts the formaldehyde to produce a prepolymer known as novolac which can be moulded and then cured with the addition of more formaldehyde and heat.
There are many variations in both production and input materials that are used to produce a wide variety of resins for special purposes.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SP-154 RESIN:
Melting point : 94 °C
Boiling point: 229.3℃[at 101 325 Pa]
density: 1.10 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 3.18Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Water Solubility: 1.557mg/L at 25℃
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: 3.564 at 25℃



FIRST AID MEASURES of SP-154 RESIN:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SP-154 RESIN:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SP-154 RESIN:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SP-154 RESIN:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SP-154 RESIN:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SP-154 RESIN:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Paraformaldehyde,formaldehyde,phenol polymer
Paraformaldehyde, phenol polymer
P-F-R-2
Formaldehyde,phenol polymer
Novolac
Phenol formaldehyde
Phenol,formaldehyde polymer
Phenol formaldehyde resin
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin,Novolac
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin,Resol
Phenol, polymer with formaldehyde
Resole
Phenol-formaldehyde resin
phenol,polymerwithformaldehyde
phenol-formaldehyde
Phenolic resin,dimethylbenzene modified
Phenolic moulding plastics PF2A2-131
Phenolic granular injection moulding plastic SP2501J
Phenolic resin,melamine modified
Phenolic resin 264
Phenolic resin,thermoset
Formaldehyde, polymer with phenol
Phenol, polymer with formaldehyde
Kerite (polymer)
Renoterm 67
Phenol-formaldehyde resin
Phenol-formaldehyde polymer
Phenol-formaldehyde condensate
BRLY 1215
Ironsides 1111
Formaldehyde-phenol resin
Resinox 773
ATM 2
Corephenit HB
Corephenit
FL 1 (phenolic resin)
FO 80
Formaldehyde-phenol polymer
Rousselot 75.00
FKP
FFR
Alpit
Phenodur PR 897
Novolak 18
ATM 1
AW 1
BRL 2741
BRPA 5570
BRR 5555
BSL (phenolic resin)
Cellobond J 1010
CTL 91LD
Durez 12686
Durez 12687
F 50 (phenolic resin)
FRP 1A
I 21-22
K 15-2
K 21-22
MILR 9299-II
Modofen 53
Modofen 56
P 3-1
P 5-2
Phenodur PR 141
Resol 300
RFN 60
RI 4009
SBS 1
SNK 2-27
Tegofilm M 12B
TsNIIF
Varcum 2406
VFT
VIAM-B 3
Voloknit VL 2
Pololit E
MDPV
VRB
Resopen
Corephenit HBZ
FK 20
KDFF
Kaproplast KSG
SBS 11
FFB
Foundrez 23-703
Rezocol
Kreodur
Retinax FK 16L
FRV 1
ZhN
FRV 4
DN
R 300
Albertol 626L
VW 65059
Bakelite 207
Bakelite 222
Tegocoll DO 1
ZkN
K 18-2
LBS 3
RA 51
N 1320
K 4
NS (resin)
TS (resin)
K 18
Bakelite BRL 2760
18U
DPK
CR 9357
Noburit HH
Phenodur PR 722
Novogen P 40
Kauresin 250
FK 24A
6KKh1B
Vulkadur A
Novolak 18u
R 10993
Heresite
AG 4B
AG 4C
PM 932
M 0
RP 902
SBS (phenolic resin)
Alnovol 844K
K 17-2
VIAM-B
Iditol (polymer)
ZhB
F 110
Cellobond J 1990/60
2P1000
Caproplast
Kaproplast
Duroplast 9001
Cascophen W 166
W 166F
SFK 2
SF 339
PF 541
PF 544
Amres 5581
Kaproplast KS
MP 120 (phenolic resin)
K 4 (phenolic resin)
Phenodur PR 101
R 2 (phenolic resin)
BLS
BKS 2600
FRP 5
Rezopen
SF 010
Rezokol
SP 8855
Bakelite 1003
Varcum 5485
Bakelite BRL 1100
Durez 7421A
Plyophen 5010
TS
S 1
ATM 2 (phenolic resin)
FO 64
OF 1
AG 4V (phenolic resin)
BSL
M 1
SBS
FL 1
R 2
Porofen FSzG 2
FK 161
Porofen FF 1
Porofen F 1-36
UBF
Cerac 303
Cerac 312
LBS 1
101M
KAST-V
Cellobond J 1006W
Retinaks FK 24a
STEF
K 18 (polymer)
Vilares 5
FP-B
AF 3T
Bakelite 433
Textolite KAST-V
NS
BZh 3
SPLBS 1
SP 18 (polymer)
LARS 5
CP 152C
Bakelite 3087
K 18-2FG
LBS 9
Kerite
VGS 18
Metallogen AT 3
Aerophene 0808
BRPE 4035
FPF 1F
Alnovol PN 429
BZh 1 (phenolic resin)
SBS 1 (phenolic resin)
Iditol Extra
HP 203N
HP 607N
1000WS
Dorolac IX
Bornum 6101
SF 015
SF 241
SF 015M
BRZ 7541
PB 2V
LATOS 31
AG 4S
Fenopreg
LT
Bakelite BRRE 5833
Bakelite BRZ 7541
DSV 4R2M
FNSL
NSB 153
NTK 246
NOB 246
NSB 146
Phenodur PR 281
DSV 4-2R2M
Durez 14000
DS 9-2816
Bakelite R 10993
K 124P50
Koroset
E 14
IMC Self-Set 130
Chem-Rez 480
Chem-Set 700P
FRV 1A
K 124-38
Resin LARS
LARS
Si 14E
FRA
SF 3024B
S 1 (phenolic resin)
LAF 1
P 42
Chembond Cerac 312
SFZh 3016
SF 010A
Bakelite TP
AG 4W
Resinox 753
FL 03K
Sumilit PR 9300
Porofen S
Formalin-phenol copolymer
AST 2A
Vx 2-090-68
Vx 4-080-34
Fenoform 31-14P
Fenoform 12P
Fenoform 1H/P
FFS 01
T 77 (phenolic resin)
Arzamit 5
Plyophen TD 2307
Plyophen J 303
E 12
SF 50
VP 13N
Resophene 71DAS
RSF
LT (polymer)
E 12 (phenolic resin)
Sirfen 1025
Sirfen 1027
Oktofor O
FRV
Durez 12763
RCI 25-114
LBS
Umaform LV 1
SF 260
BZh 8
Bakelite R 19595
GSP 32
Fenolit 43
Poltec 2
F 5243
Fenokol
Umaform B 115
F 20
F 5250
F 5215
Umaform B 116
Umaform LE
Umaform TVD
BLS 2700
FRP (polymer)
FRP
VP 24N
U-Loid PL 250
SF 011
P 42 (phenolic resin)
ATM 1T
Sirfen N 3
FFS-K 124
SFZh 309
SFKh
Methylon 11
BZh 4
SFP 012A
RSF 3043
MP 120HH
SFZh 3012
MP 120H
TSKGS 75-90
SF 480
F 50
Bakelite CKR 2400
Bakelite 2432
Phenodur PR 121
Phenodur PR 373
Phenodur PR 285
SFZh 3014
MNG-FF
TR 18176
Plyophen TD 2302
F 5238
WR 40AS
Alnovol PN 430
GSP 400
WR 40
F 47
W 31-46B
W 31-54B
W 31-131C
RSF 3040
Bakelite R 5468/1
Bakelite R 10840
MR 800N
LBS 4
LBS 20
FP-RN 7
E 2-330-02
F 6-337-67
VKh 1-090-34
U 2-301-07
U 1-307-07
SP 342-02
O 3-010-02
Zh 2-010-60
E 1-340-02
RN 7 (phenolic resin)
SF 0112
Arofene 700
Uranol L 9
Colloid 8440
Varcum 24-655
Varcum 29703
Plenco 402
OFPR-II
OFPR 2
SF 3024B20
Basyntan M
SF 100
SF 0116F
SF 0112A
Bakelite 882712
Peracit 5044
Peracit 5061
Bakelite 881712
Peracit 5048
Bakelite 221834
Bakelite SP 222-25/40
Peracit 5046
Peracit 5042
Bakelite SP 222-18/26
80FV
Bakelite SP 222-14/17
J 1011H
J 1008H
Bakelite 887912
Resinox 7280
ATM 10
Haveg H 41N
AG
Hitanol 4020
Umacol B
AG (phenolic resin)
SFZh 3037
Phenodur VPW 9340
Mitsui Toatsu 2000
K 6
KHD III
SLK 621
Rezotsel
K 6 (polymer)
Rezocel
PL 3812D
SF 0119
AV Lite 450M
SFZh 3032
SFZh 3013
SFKh 3013
SFZh 3024
Gumifen 11
SF 3021
FFO 1
FFO 2
Koroset A
Fiberite MXG 6070
MPC-S
MPC-R
SF 262
Plastasol L 47N
Resinox 594
Bakelite BLS 2700
GP 5137
Cascophen PC 100
Varcum 22-655
SPF 012
Uravar 75778
BRL 2760
SF 121
SF 104
80FU
MY 106
Zh 5-010-78
S 1-25
BV 01
FL 2 (phenolic resin)
FL 2
SFP 011
550PL
PS 2178
Haveg AF
Phenorez PB 71DA
WR-AS
Sumilit PC 1
MS 7814
PN 80
Fenokol 43
FX 101
Umaform 116
F 5245
Plastatherm 2355
FFS 79
Resitop PSK 2225
Resitop PSK 4300
Tegocoll DO 2
SFN 2
Delta Kure Resin
ES 31B2
Resitop PSF 4224
Shonol BRG 557
Foundrez 96-880
PSM 2240A
Mitsui Toatsu 3000
Phenolic resins, phenol-formaldehyde copolymers
R 300 (phenolic resin)
FK 74
SFZh
LB 21
LB 2 (binder)
LB 2
BZh 1-4559-71
SFP (polymer)
SFP 011A
SFZh 305
IF
SFP
Paraformaldehyde-phenol copolymer
WR 36AS
IF (polymer)
SP 690
Acme Super Set 970
EG-FF
Resitop PSK 2320
Resinox SD 7280
PR 51470
Bellpearl R 900
Bellpearl S 970
Resitop PL 2211
Uravar L 9
F 20 (phenolic resin)
PN 430
FPF 1M
SF 012
Alnovol PN 320
Novolak 70
Bakelite 92113
Bakelite 92055
Rousselot 7515
FL (phenolic resin)
Bellpearl S 930
Bellpearl R 800
Durez 50000
SF 381 (phenolic resin)
SF 381
Rezine 75-30
Plastasol L 47
Bakelite SW 361
Plenco 650
Shonol BKS 316
Novolak 1000
Sumilit PR 50716
SK 3 (phenolic resin)
SK 3
Resitop RSF 4261
Phenodur PR 217
Resitop PSF 4261
Mitsui Toatsu 1000
Cascophen SP 5520D
Sumilit PR 1050
BRG 557
Phenodur 217
X 34-45DF006
ITD 320Z
FSF 65
ACL 141
PSF 4261
SFP 0119A
Resitop PSK 4261
Sumilit PR 50731
Borofen DX 26
Tungophen B
BZh 2
M 2
U-Loid PL 283
BLS 362
FFK 39
FL 5280
SF 0113
PSF 4224
SF 3021s
Tamanol 745
PS 2176
PS 4113
PSM 2207
PSM 4448
PL 2975
Sumilit PR 10694
Polofen FE 18-1
Polofen F 1
PL 2640
Unilam ABT
Printan G
Novolak 2000
H 41N
GP 553
BRG 556
R 1974
Durez 12704
Resine 75-30
Neoresin PX 310
F 47 (polymer)
U-Loid PL 281
LBS 16
Sumilit PR 50235
SFP 118
FK 75
Hitanol HP 607N
Shonol BRG 556
PN
BRG 555
Shonol BRG 555
PN (phenolic resin)
Fenoterm
Cerac 6010
PR 50731
Bakelite 7716
TD 2254
Plyophen TD 2254
Fenokol A
Cascophen 3128M
K 50 (phenolic resin)
KF 74
PS 2207
K 50
HX 5211PF
H 1S
PF 109
HRJ 652
Finetex PF 20
F 110 (polymer)
Chemplex 775
E 14 (phenolic resin)
GP 3195
NRV 125
Peracit A 177
Selphen OG 2000
Selphen OG 1000
Sumilit Resin PR 50622
Resitop PSM 4228
Sumilit PR 50622
Fenakol 43
RP 912
Suspendol PPK
SF 29
Sintek 2
Resitop PL 2207
TD 2093
Varcum TD 2093
K 266
Tamanol PA
FRV 1 (phenolic resin)
Resitop PSM 6820
Resitop PSM 4261
PN 46
PN 152
Phenol-formalin copolymer
CD 208-34A
CD 208-34B
Fiberite MXB 360
AV Lite
Vulkadur RB
SP 18
GP 2074
Bellpearl S 890
BLS (polymer)
PN 154
BD 909
GP 5415
Fenokol 35
K 641
Fiberite K 641
Formaldehyde-phenol copolymer
Tamanol P 180
Cascophen SP 5300D
TD 2307
M 1 (phenolic resin)
HP 401SD
IB 215
PI 260
F 24
PZR (phenolic resin)
HRJ 2210
RN 7
Tackirol 160
Sumilit PR 51470
SF 341
S 191
SFO 1
R 8821/1
Cellobond J 2015A
Fenolit R 1
SFZh 3061
SFZh 3066
SFZh 339
T 77
P 65 (phenolic resin)
Shonol PCL 681
P 65
GP 2804
SF 29 (phenolic resin)
Novaset 735
PSM 4261
PL 2211
337T28
MPD 8515
Phenolite TD 2254
Cascophen PB 306
Alnovol 320K
Shonol BRG 559
F 24 (phenolic resin)
PR 50716
Phenolite PE 203
Phenolite TD 2090P
Phenolite PE 205
BB 062
Cascophen C 271
BRG 559
Sumilit Resin PR 51470
Rutaphen GC 75
Resorciphen 2074A2026B
Sumilit PR-Q 221
Sumilit PR-Q 121
PF 750
Phenolite TD 2090-60M
RB 125S
Shonol BRN 2120
Epicure DX 200N60
BRN 2120
1940H
Durez 175
Varcum 29219
PR 311
Durez PR311
RSF 014
PR 53120
Resitop PS 2607
KRD-HM 2
Umaform F
Fenokol 40
Fenochem 35
Novokol E 15
HRJ 1166
GP 2037
N 16 (novolak)
FD 14
Cascophen 1701
N 16
Retinax FK 24A
Sumilit Resin PR 50731
Retinaks FK 16L
GP 5833
Resi-Stran
Fiberite CMXR 6055
Oshika Resin D 17
D 17 (polymer)
D 17
Plyophen TD 2093
BZh 1
Phenolite TD 2093
CS 100
FL
CS 100 (phenolic resin)
Isocure LF 305
Plenco 11956
Plenco 21483
R 17620
Tamanol 758
RFL 3
NKTV-A 62
HF 1 (phenolic resin)
HF 1
Alnovol PN 844
Ucar CK 1635
Ucar BKR 2620
SF 141S
PR 100
Phenolite 5010
GP 6777
Ablaphene RA 101
RA 101
OCF-RE 131
SD 1731
Durite SD 1731
Aerofix N
Gascofix NY
Oshika Resin D 100
Casconol PF 1555
Sumilit PR 940
GP 144D64
Borofen DL 702
Borofen BPF 70
Rezofen CS
PF 2-0823
Bakelite LG 724
Novolak LG 724
N 101
N 101 (phenolic resin)
Arofene 72155
LG 724
Neosyn CPP 48
BB 143
Cascophen W 91B
Resitop PL 4708
BRG 85
HRJ 11722
SG 3100
VP 300N
Tembec CL 300
PF 270
PN 320
FRD 5002
Tilen A
Oshika Resin PB 1310
Atanor R 619
Atanor R 435
R 619
R 435
SD 140
PR 50235
Bakelite 8978FL
HRJ 11482
SF 100 (phenolic resin)
BFOS
Araldite K 6
Ucar GP 5200
Kemfix HB 96/200
CB 8081
Sylvic DUO-A 133
HPN-X
Fenolit TL 706
Fenolit TL 706/3
Umaform MVU
Umaform B 118
Ebolit FF
Sumiresin PR 50235
RL 628
GP 5479
HRJ 12700
Phenolbil
K 48
UKF
Cascophen PR 511
K 48 (phenolic resin)
UBF (phenolic resin)
Sumilit HPN-X
LBS 3 (polymer)
LBS 1 (polymer)
Phenolite TD 4304
Interac 1168
T 266
T 214
T 110
T 250
O 203
O 122
Hitanol 3013
SF 50 (phenolic resin)
XR 14277A
T 110 (phenolic resin)
T 214 (phenolic resin)
P 963
101M (phenolic resin)
R 8210
HF 3
SFP 470
A 407-901
Cellobond J 1002G
GP 3121
FSJ-III
Peracit 4536K
XR 4364
Acme Flow 2012
SFP 011L
Arrotex 2035
FFB (phenolic resin)
Cascophen OS 707
386ST
GSP 32 (phenolic resin)
Cascophen AL 5309
Durite SD 446A
BPR 572A
BKS 316
Resi-Lam GP 5236
GP 5236
GP 4445
CB 050
PRN 1200
CB 050 (conductive polymer)
SFP 015A
Phenol-formaldehyde copolymer
SFZh 306
SF 14
GIPK 114
FUT
JDW 2
FF 65S
SD 1708
MER 7930
SFZh 3102
Phenoset 5001
Akrochem P 86
Netbond FRB
SVF 3
STF 2
ATF 1
UVF 3
UTF 1
ATF 1 (phenolic resin)
PR 100 (phenolic resin)
BRWE 5555
BRWE 5853
Plenco 12631
LBR 6
PR 940
J 60/2325L
S 205
SF 022
OF 1 (phenolic resin)
SF 14 (polymer)
FPR 520
Cascophen 433-156
AW 1 (binder)
KPE-F 2000
KPH-F 2001
KPH-F 2002
HF 1M
ST 1138
Shonol BRP 572A
Univeks C
GP 5778
Varcum TD 2090P, homopolymer
L 252G
Varcum TD 2090P
P 180
O 250 (polymer)
O 251
O 250
SPF 011L
Bakelite BB 7/138
SFZh 304
JDW 3
JDW 1
KNB 100PL
KPD-L 777
FDP
SFZh 3027
PF 307
PFC 04
SP 2611
TD 2090-60M
PF 329
020-210-75SK
Zh 13-010-89
O 20-210-75SK
E 39-0127-48
SFZh 301
LBS 29
Durez 7716
7510P
SFZh 3027B
Resitop PL 4667
AML Resin AMCR 01
AMCR 01
SF 014
SF 010M
FS 117
SF 3021K
UVS 10T
UVS 350T
IZ 6635
Prefere 13B024
Santolink EB 560
Phenolite J 325
J 325
Plyophen J 325
Dynosol S 175
PF 76
PN 80 (phenolic resin)
SFZh 302
Ekoakoru
Sumilit Resin PR 311
Sumilit PR 311
Bakelite LB-SP
Cellobond 85S
Bakelite 2506HW
Bakelite 1842HW
PF 330
R 330 (phenolic resin)
R 330
Bakelite PF 6520LB
LPF 101K2
HPC 51
W 800C
L 998
Bakelite PF 0790K01
PF 336
Polofen FF 1WHG
F 2450
PHS 600
Shonol BKS 377F
Resitop PL 4646
PG 700
PG 700 (phenolic resin)
Phenolic resin 2123
Sumilit PR 217
PR 217
Bakelite LBS 5
Carbolic acid-formaldehyde copolymer
Resol 472
R 472
Baqphen 4051-3
Phenolic resin 2130
PL 2207
Cascophen BD 4503
Cascophen BD 4507
Cascophen BD 4509
BZh 6
BZh 3A
Sumilit Resin PR 50235
BF 4N
EX 262E
SD 909A
SD 672D
Cascophen W 3154
GP 594G04
GP 548G51
PS 2607
W 3154
FDU 14
Prefere 14J021
FDU 15
Prefere 72-6410M
Prefere 70-7012L
Prefere 70-7530L
PR 281
GP 3110
GP 5102
Durite 1731
SFZ 3013VL
SFZ 3014
Novolak EXP-E 069
Dynea 13D036
SMD 30207
PF 328
Cascophen 1770TO3
TSP-F
MA 15
GP 205C
Dynea 1385C
Dynea 1355F
PF 785
13B122
Polycol N
Amberol T 137
Cascophen OS 703A
Cascophen O 303D
SF 030A
Borofen DX 30
GP 155C42
Phenol-paraformaldehyde copolymer
Rhenosin RB
Sumilit PR 5064
AG 4V
PSK 2320
BF 01
Modofen 54S
Alnovol PN 350
Resital 6358/1
Dynea 13B410
NVG 2000
SFZh 3031
Lignofen 15/2
LV 70S
W 1601
GP-RPPY 5779
GP 5779
Durez 29095
BB 634
Sumilite Resin PR 217
E 97783
Dynea E 97783
Bakelite 1279HW
Bakelite PF 1804PS
SuperEko NFC
HY 2000
WoodWeld GP 190073
WoodWeld GP 145C48
Plenco 11936
PF 8010
Durite SC 830A
Ablaphene RS 101
HW 1842
HRJ 12362
Sumilite PR 217
MP 120
Imprezin 01
SFF 3031
ReziCure 3057
Prefere 4976
Fenokol UA
MXB 360
Phenodur PR 612/80B
Cascophen SLPF 55V2
Sumilite Resin PR 51470
PF 201
Poly[[(phenylmethoxy)phenylene]methylene]
Sumilite Resin PR 50716
Abifen 130D
SFZh 3011
Arofene 8426ME63
Resibond GP 169C21
GP 169C21 Resi-Bond
Corrodur 7839
FL 5111
Durite SD 672D
BCW 2022
GP-RPPY 5757
Borofen B 1606A
Cascophen BCW 2021
Cascophen GD 3-147
Cascophen GD 3-146
Sinotherm 8426
Plenco 14695
PR 285
Muromac WAP 9211
Dynea 4976PF
Askocure 300EP3901
Avecure 330
SFZh 323
CR 4871D
SH 1098
Sumilite Resin PR 940
Cellobond PA 2276
PA 2276
GP 486G34
Resitop LVR 8210
2E4MZ-CN-Phenolic resin 2130 copolymer
Pli-O-Phen J 325
PF 190080
JA 10
HRJ 12952
HN 7310A
Phenolite J 235
PF 162510
FRV-EM
Resi-Bond 6773
Longlife 1120
SPWC 190054PF
TD 4304
Woodweld 190080
Resi-Stran 240C11
SL 2005
Reslink GTC 50
Apinee 80R
FRJ 425
Prefere 16J536
RL 43003
Cascophen P 6619
GPR 5815
Formaldehyde-phenol-2-phenylimidazole copolymer
STN 150
PF 2
Phenalloy 2870
PH 4055
J 871
PF 0235DP
Resin 2162
Resin 2173F
Fenotam GR 326
PF 16L510
PF 2512
Resol A
Novolac Z
Ribetak R 7515P
Cascophen 54774TJ
T 383J
R 330U
GP 240C11 Resi-Stran
GP 190C80 Woodweld
Polifen 47
SFP 012A3
Prefere 72-5648L
Prefere 91-5701Lx
Phenolic resin 2127
Prefere 72-5593M
CR 4510
WE 1029
F 3620-3
RT 1201
KM 220J
Lignofen G 3P
Hexion 13BO33
D 26GPB
Bakelite 8505F
R 7515P
Plenco 12114
Bakelite PF 6510
Bakelite PF 6680
EL 03
Plenco 14845
8020-65M
PF 8020-65M
Curaphen B 60
SL 2201
SFG 3014
Primere 14J
F 908 (phenolic resin)
F 908
NC 58
SF 0121
ST 2025
Elaztobond A 250LP
Resicare 3010
Resicare 3015
Formaldehyde,phenol polymer
Phenol-formaldehyde resin
Paraformaldehyde,formaldehyde,phenol polymer
Phenol,formaldehyde polymer
Phenol,polymer with formaldehyde
Paraformaldehyde,phenol polymer
Phenol,polymer with formaldehyde
Kerite (polymer)
Renoterm 67
Phenol-formaldehyde resin
Phenol-formaldehyde polymer
Phenol-formaldehyde condensate
BRLY 1215
Ironsides 1111
Formaldehyde-phenol resin
Resinox 77
ATM 2
Corephenit HB
Corephenit
FL 1 (phenolic resin)
FO 80
Formaldehyde-phenol polymer
Rousselot 75.00
FKP
FFR
Alpit
Phenodur PR 89
Novolak 18
ATM 1
AW 1
BRL 2741
BRPA 5570
BRR 5555
BSL (phenolic resin)
Cellobond J 1010
CTL 91LD
Durez 12686
Durez 12687
F 50 (phenolic resin)
FRP 1A
I 21-22
K 15-2
K 21-22
MILR 9299-I
Modofen 53
Modofen 56
P 3-1
P 5-2
Phenodur PR 141
Resol 300
RFN 60
RI 4009
SBS 1
SNK 2-27
Tegofilm M 12B
TsNIIF
Varcum 2406
VFT
VIAM-B 3
Voloknit VL 2
Pololit E
MDPV
VRB
Resopen
Corephenit HBZ
FK 20
KDFF
Kaproplast KSG
SBS 11
FFB
Foundrez 23-703
Rezocol
Kreodur
Retinax FK 16L
FRV 1
ZhN
FRV 4
DN
R 300
Albertol 626L
VW 65059
Bakelite 207
Bakelite 222
Tegocoll DO 1
ZkN
K 18-2
LBS 3
RA 51
N 1320
K 4
NS (resin)
TS (resin)
K 18;Bakelite BRL 2760
18U
DPK
CR 9357
Noburit HH
Phenodur PR 722
Novogen P 40
Kauresin 250
FK 24A
6KKh1B
Vulkadur A
Novolak 18u
R 10993
Heresite
AG 4B
AG 4C
PM 932
M 0
RP 902
SBS (phenolic resin)
Alnovol 844K
K 17-2
VIAM-B
Iditol (polymer)
ZhB
F 110
Cellobond J 1990/60
2P1000
Caproplast
Kaproplast
Duroplast 9001
Cascophen W 166
W 166F
SFK 2
SF 339
PF 541
PF 544
Amres 5581
Kaproplast KS
MP 120 (phenolic resin)
K 4 (phenolic resin
Phenodur PR 101
9038-25-9
9048-48-0
9048-61-7
9049-60-9
9050-10-6
9050-11-7
9050-66-2
9073-89-6
9079-79-2
9082-36-4
9082-37-5
9087-36-9
9087-71-2
11120-43-7
11138-48-0
12619-76-0
12773-09-0
12773-11-4
12773-12-5
12773-14-7
12798-23-1
37187-19-2
37191-60-9
37209-25-9
37211-56-6
37218-05-6
37260-15-4
37281-00-8
37281-33-7
37291-51-3
37328-79-3
37331-31-0
37331-34-3
37336-53-1
37339-83-6
39277-48-0
39284-11-2
39284-12-3
39284-17-8
39320-26-8
39339-94-1
39382-13-3
39389-44-1
39389-57-6
39412-69-6
39423-38-6

SYNONYMS SPAN 80; Sorbitan Monooleate; Sorbitan oleate; Monodehydrosorbitol monooleate; Sorbitan monooleic acid ester; Sorbitan, mono-9-octadecenoate CAS NO. 1338-43-8

Synonyms: Sorbitan, (9Z)-9-octadecenoate (2:3);SORBITANSESQUIOLEATE,NF;SORBITANSESQUINOLEATE;SORBITANSESQUIOLATE;Sorbitan, (Z)-9-Octadecenoat (2:3);Arlacel(R) 83, Span(R) 83;Lonzest(R) SOC;Arlacel 83 Arlacel C Sorbitan Sesquioleate CAS: 8007-43-0

Cetearyl slcohol;CETOSTEAROL;Alkohole, C16-18;CETOSTEARYL ALCOHOL, USP;D03453;Ecorol 68/30: Cetostearyl Alcohol (30:70) Pastilles;Ecorol 68/50: Cetostearyl Alcohol (50:50) Pastilles;Vegetable Kosher Glycerine CAS No.: 67762-27-0

Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100

Molecular formula: C70H138O27 / C72H142O27
Product specification Assay (NMR): 60 ± 3 %
Water content (ASTM E 203): 20 ± 3 %
Acid content (calc. as methacrylic acid): 20 ± 3
Color on dispatch max.: 100
Standard stabilization (HPLC): 250 ± 50 ppm BHT
40 ± 20 ppm MEHQ
The aforementioned data shall constitute the agreed contractual quality ofthe product at the time of passing of risk.
The data are controlled at regular intervals as part of our quality assurance program.
Neither these data nor the properties of product specimens shall imply any legally binding guarantee of certain properties or of fitness for a specific purpose.
No liability of ours can be derived therefrom.

Applications SSpegma 1100
Spegma 1100 forms homopolymers and copolymers.

Copolymers of Spegma 1100
Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) can be prepared with (meth)acrylic acid and its salts, amides and esters, and with (meth)acrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, unsaturated polyesters and drying oils, etc.
Spegma 1100 is also a very useful feedstock for chemical syntheses, because it readily undergoes addition reactions with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds.

Features & Benefits of Spegma 1100
Spegma 1100 can be used to impart the following properties to polymers:
Hydrophobicity / Hydrophilicity
Rheology modification
Dispersant

Storage & Handling of Spegma 1100
In order to prevent polymerization Spegma 1100 must always be stored under air, and never under inert gases.
The presence of oxygen is required for the stabilizer to function
effectively.
Freezing of Spegma 1100) results in segregation of monomer and inhibitor.
In addition it is especially important to replenish dissolved oxygen after melting the drummed material prior to use.
Replenishment dissolved oxygen and mixing of MEHQ into the monomer can be done using a palette shaker or a drum tumbler.
The melting process requires temperatures of 20 °C or higher but at a maximum of 35 °C as the heating temperature.
Warming the product in a room of 20 – 25 °C over several days is the preffered option.
As an alternative if faster mleting is required heating cabinets using hot water or hot oil are the preferred apparatus for thawing process of Spegma 1100 since this avoids hot spots.
Local hot spots of more than 35 °C may result in premature aging of material.
Product temperatures of more than 45 °C may result in a polymerization of the monomer.
During storage as a molten liquid it is advisable to replenish the dissolved oxygen content on a weekly basis.

Spegma 1100 has to contain a stabilizer and the storage temperature must not exceed 20 °C to prevent premature quality degradation.
If the above mentioned conditions are met a storage stability Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) of 6 months can be expected upon delivery
Spegma 1100 is an ester of Methacrylic Acid and is used as a raw material component in the synthesis of polymers.
Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) is a monofunctional monomer consisting of a methacrylate group with a characteristic high reactivity and a cyclic hydrophobic group.
Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) forms homopolymers and copolymers.
Spegma 1100 can be prepared with (meth)acrylic acid and its salts, amides, and esters, and with (meth)acrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, unsaturated polyesters and drying oils, etc.

Spegma 1100 easily entering into the reaction of accession with a wide range of organic and inorganic substances, is used for the synthesis of organic low molecular weight substances.

Product Type: Spegma 1100

Features & Benefits of Spegma 1100 :
Hydrophobicity
Hydrophilicity
Rheology modification (associative thickening)
Dispersibility
Low (Tg) glass transition temperature
Low volatility due to high molecular weight

Characteristics of Spegma 1100:
Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 is a structure-activity relationship in associative thickening: in alkaline soluble emulsions/polymers, small amounts of hydrophobic comonomers like SPEGMA interact with each other and create thickening when interacting with other monomer chains.

Applications areas OF tearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100:
Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 is used in the preparation of solid polymers, acrylic dispersions, and polymer solutions, which are used in various industries.

It is applied in the production of:
Coatings
Pulp & Paper
Adhesives
Personal care
Oilfield chemicals
Life Science

Chemical Properties OF Spegma 1100:
Purity: 60 ± 3 %
Acid Value: 20 ± 2 %
Water content: 20 ± 2 %
Color APHA: max. 100

Physical Properties of Spegma 1100:
Appearance: Clear, colorless
Physical form: Liquid
Molecular weight: 1411.9 g/mol / 1439.9 g/mol
Tg: –58 °C
Density: 1.05 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Boiling Point: n/a
Melting Point: 0.9 °C
Vapor Point: n/a
pH: 3 – 4.5

Storage & Handling of Spegma 1100:
To avoid polymerization, Stearylpolyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 should always be stored in air and not under inert gases.
For the effective functioning of the stabilizer, the presence of oxygen is necessary.
Freezing of Stearylpolyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) leads to the separation of monomer and inhibitor.
In addition, it is especially it is important to replenish dissolved oxygen after melting the drum material before use.
Dissolved Oxygen Replenishment and Mixing MEHQ's monomer can be made using a palette or a drum toggle switch.
The melting process requires a temperature of 20 °C or higher, but not more than 35 °C as the heating temperature.
Heating the product indoors at a temperature of 20-25 °C for several days is the preferred option.
Alternatively, if faster melting is required, heating cabinets that use hot water or hot oil are the preferred device for defrosting Stearylpolyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100), as this avoids hot spots.
Local hot spots above 35 ° C can lead to premature aging of the material. Product temperatures above 45 °C may lead to the polymerization of the monomer.
During storage in the form of molten liquid, it is advisable to replenish the content of dissolved oxygen weekly.
Stearylpolyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) must contain a stabilizer and the storage temperature must not exceed 20 °C to prevent premature deterioration.
If the above conditions are met, then during storage, you can expect the storage stability of Stearylpolyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) for 6 months.

Safety of Spegma 1100
A Safety Data Sheet has been compiled for Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) that contains up-to-date information on questions relevant to safety.
When working with Stearylpolyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100), the sanitary rules for organizing technological processes and hygienic requirements for production equipment must be strictly observed.
All types of work with Stearylpolyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) should be carried out in rooms equipped with general supply and exhaust ventilation.
Spegma 1100 is not allowed to carry out work in these rooms using an open fire.
Those working with Stearylpolyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) must be provided with special clothing and personal protective equipment.
In the event of a fire, it is necessary to use fire extinguishers OP-5, OVP-100 felt, sand, asbestos cloth.
Stearylpolyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) poured onto solid ground should be covered with sand.

PRODUCT SPECIFICATION of Spegma 1100
Properties
Assay: 60 ±3 % NMR
Water content: 20 ±3 % ASTM E 203
Acid content (calc. as methacrylic acid): 20 ±3 % ASTM D 1613
Color on dispatch: max 100
Standard stabilization: 40 ±20 ppm MEHQ
250 ±50 ppm BHT HPLC
CAS #: 70879-51-5

OTHER PROPERTIES of Spegma 1100
Properties Typical Method
Appearance: Clear, colorless
Physical form: Liquid
Density @ 20 °C: 1.05 g/cm3
Melting point: 0.9 °C
Stabilization (Topanol A) < 200 ppm HPLC
pH: 3.0...4.5

APPLICATIONS of Spegma 1100
Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) forms homopolymers and copolymers.
Copolymers of Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA1100) can be prepared with (meth)acrylic acid and its salts, amides and esters, and with (meth)acrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, unsaturated polyesters and drying oils, etc.
Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) is also a very useful feedstock for chemical syntheses, because it readily undergoes addition reactions with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds.

FEATURES AND BENEFITS of Spegma 1100
Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA
1100) can be used to impart the following properties to
polymers:
Hydrophobicity / Hydrophilicity
Rheology modification
Dispersant
STORAGE & HANDLING
In order to prevent polymerization Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) must always be stored
under air, and never under inert gases. The presence of oxygen is required for the stabilizer to function effectively.
Freezing of Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 results in segregation of monomer and inhibitor.
In addition it is especially important to replenish dissolved oxygen after melting the drummed material prior to use.
Replenishment dissolved oxygen and mixing of MEHQ into the monomer can be done using a palette shaker or a drum tumbler.
The melting process requires temperatures of 20 °C or higher but at a maximum of 35 °C as the heating temperature.
Warming the product in a room of 20...25 °C over several days is the preffered option.
As an alternative if faster melting is required heating cabinets using hot water or hot oil are the preferred apparatus for thawing process of Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) since this avoids hot spots.
Local hot spots of more than 35 °C may result in premature aging of material.
Product temperatures of more than 45 °C may result in a polymerization of the monomer.
During storage as a molten liquid it is advisable to replenish the dissolved oxygen content on a weekly basis.
Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) has to contain a stabilizer and the storage temperature must not exceed 20 °C to prevent premature quality degradation.
If the above mentioned conditions are met a storage stability Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) of 6 months can be expected upon delivery.

SAFETY of Spegma 1100
A Safety Data Sheet has been compiled for Stearyl Polyethyleneglycol Methacrylate 1100 (SPEGMA 1100) that contains up-to-date information on questions relevant to safety.

PACKAGING of Spegma 1100
Spegma 1100 can be purchased in bulk and 200L drum. Special packing can be arranged

HYDROCHLORIC ACID TIN(II)-SALT DIHYDRATE SALT OF TIN STANNOUS CHLORIDE STANNOUS CHLORIDE 2H2O STANNOUS CHLORIDE 2-HYDRATE STANNOUS CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE TIN(+2)CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE TIN CHLORIDE, DIHYDRATE TIN(II) CHLORIDE TIN(II) CHLORIDE-2-HYDRATE TIN(II) CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE Stannochlor stannousdichloridedihydrate tin(ii)chloride,dihydrate(1:2:2) Tin(II)chloridedihydrate(1:2:2) Tin (II) chloride hydrated Tin(II) chloride dihydrat Tin(II) chloride hydrate STANNOUS CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE, CRYSTALLIZE D STANNOUS CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE ACS CAS :10025-69-1

Spirit of Mindererus in aqueous solution, is a chemical compound with the formula NH4CH3CO2.
Spirit of Mindererus is a white, hygroscopic solid and can be derived from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid.
Spirit of Mindererus is widely used in the chemical analysis, in the pharmaceutical industry, the food sector in preserving foods, and in various other industries too.

CAS Number: 631-61-8
EC Number: 211-162-9
Chemical Formula: C2H7NO2
Molar Mass: 77.083 g·mol−1

Spirit of Mindererus appears as a white crystalline solid.
The primary hazard is the threat to the environment.

Immediate steps should be taken to limit Spirit of Mindererus spread to the environment.
Spirit of Mindererus is used in chemical analysis, in pharmaceuticals, in preserving foods, and for other uses.

Spirit of Mindererus is an ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid.
A deliquescent white crystalline solid, Spirit of Mindererus has a relatively low melting point (114℃) for a salt.

Spirit of Mindererus is used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.
Spirit of Mindererus has a role as a food acidity regulator and a buffer.
Spirit of Mindererus is an acetate salt and an ammonium salt.

Spirit of Mindererus is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Spirit of Mindererus is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Spirit of Mindererus in aqueous solution, is a chemical compound with the formula NH4CH3CO2.
Spirit of Mindererus is a white, hygroscopic solid and can be derived from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid.
Spirit of Mindererus is available commercially.

Spirit of Mindererus is a white crystalline solid formed when ammonia reacts with acetic acid.
Spirit of Mindererus is widely used in the chemical analysis, in the pharmaceutical industry, the food sector in preserving foods, and in various other industries too.
Spirit of Mindererus is also used as a buffer in topical personal care and cosmetic products in manufacturing skin lotions, shampoos, conditioners and more.

Spirit of Mindererus or C2H7NO2 appears in the form of a crystalline white solid with a slight acetous odour.
This ammonium salt is derived from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid.

The chemical name of this salt is spirit of Mindererus while it is even known as Azanium Acetate on the aqueous form.
The other names of Spirit of Mindererus include ammonium ethanoate and Azanium Acetate.

Spirit of Mindererus is extensively used in the preservation of foods; in pharmaceuticals and the chemical analysis procedure.
Spirit of Mindererus works most effectively when used in the form of a food acidity regulator.

However, Spirit of Mindererus is one of the major threats to the atmosphere or the living environment.
Instant measures need to be taken to restricting the spread of this hazardous sale in the environment.

Spirit of Mindererus is widely utilized as a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation.
Spirit of Mindererus is the primary source of ammonia in the Borch reaction in organic synthesis.

Spirit of Mindererus is used with distilled water to make a protein precipitating reagent.
Spirit of Mindererus acts as a buffer for electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry of proteins and other molecules and as mobile phases for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Sometimes, Spirit of Mindererus is used as a biodegradable de-icing agent and an acidity regulator in food additives.

Spirit of Mindererus is a salt that has interesting chemical properties and due to this reason, the pharmaceutical industry uses Spirit of Mindererus as an intermediary and raw material in various processes.
Spirit of Mindererus is a salt that forms from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid.
Also, Spirit of Mindererus is useful for applications that require buffer solutions.

The Henry reactions are the most common reactions that use Spirit of Mindererus.
In an aqueous solution, spirit of Mindererus is a chemical compound that we know by the name Ammonium ethanoate or Azanium acetate, which is a white, hygroscopic solid we can derive from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid.

Spirit of Mindererus has a variety of applications in molecular biology and chromatography.
Spirit of Mindererus is a useful reagent for the purification and precipitation of DNA and protein.
Spirit of Mindererus can be used in the HPLC and MS analysis of peptides, oligosaccharides, and proteins.

Spirit of Mindererus Uses:
Spirit of Mindererus is used in explosives, foam rubbers, vinyl plastics, and drugs.
Spirit of Mindererus is also used for preserving meats, dyeing and stripping, determining lead and iron, and separating lead sulfate from other sulfates.

There are large scale uses of Spirit of Mindererus.
Spirit of Mindererus is used in the form of a food acidity regulator.

Spirit of Mindererus is the food additive used for changing or controlling the alkalinity or acidity of foods.
Spirit of Mindererus is also widely used in the form of a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation procedure.

Spirit of Mindererus serves as one of the best sources of ammonia is the Borch reaction during organic synthesis. 
Spirit of Mindererus is used in combination with wholly distilled water for making a kind of protein precipitating reagent.

Spirit of Mindererus even serves in the form of a buffer for ESI or electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of molecules and proteins and the form of a mobile phase for HPLC or high-performance liquid chromatography.
Quite rarely though, Spirit of Mindererus is even used in the form of a biodegradable de-icing agent.

Spirit of Mindererus even works best when used as a diuretic.
Spirit of Mindererus tends to be unstable at low pressure, and this is why Spirit of Mindererus is used for substituting cell buffers with different non-explosive salts in the preparation of mass spectrometry samples.

Other important uses of Spirit of Mindererus include:
Spirit of Mindererus is used in the manufacture of explosives.
Spirit of Mindererus is used for making foam rubber.

Spirit of Mindererus is used for preserving meat.Used for manufacturing vinyl plastics.
Spirit of Mindererus is used in different agricultural products.

In analytical chemistry, Spirit of Mindererus is used in the form of a reagent.
Spirit of Mindererus is used as a reagent in different dialysis procedures for the elimination of contaminants through diffusion.
In agricultural chemistry, Spirit of Mindererus, when used as a reagent, helps in determining soil CEC or cation exchange capacity along with the availability of potassium in the soil. 

Spirit of Mindererus is the main precursor to acetamide:
NH4CH3CO2 → CH3C(O)NH2 + H2O

Spirit of Mindererus is also used as a diuretic.

Buffer:
As the salt of a weak acid and a weak base, Spirit of Mindererus is often used with acetic acid to create a buffer solution.
Spirit of Mindererus is volatile at low pressures.
Because of this, Spirit of Mindererus has been used to replace cell buffers that contain non-volatile salts in preparing samples for mass spectrometry.

Spirit of Mindererus is also popular as a buffer for mobile phases for HPLC with ELSD detection for this reason.
Other volatile salts that have been used for this include ammonium formate.

When dissolving Spirit of Mindererus in pure water, the resulting solution typically has a pH of 7, because the equal amounts of acetate and ammonium neutralize each other.
However, Spirit of Mindererus is a dual component buffer system, which buffers around pH 4.75 ± 1 (acetate) and pH 9.25 ± 1 (ammonium), but Spirit of Mindererus has no significant buffer capacity at pH 7, contrary to common misconception.

Other:
Spirit of Mindererus is a biodegradable de-icing agent.
Spirit of Mindererus is a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation and as a source of ammonia in the Borch reaction in organic synthesis.

Spirit of Mindererus is a protein precipitating reagent in dialysis to remove contaminants via diffusion.
Spirit of Mindererus is a reagent in agricultural chemistry for determination of soil CEC (cation exchange capacity) and determination of available potassium in soil wherein the ammonium ion acts as a replacement cation for potassium.
Spirit of Mindererus is part of Calley's method for lead artifact conservation

Food additive:
Spirit of Mindererus is also used as a food additive as an acidity regulator; INS number 264.
Spirit of Mindererus is approved for usage in Australia and New Zealand.[10]

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Spirit of Mindererus is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and fertilisers.
Spirit of Mindererus is used in the following areas: health services, scientific research and development, agriculture, forestry and fishing and building & construction work.
Spirit of Mindererus is used for the manufacture of: food products and textile, leather or fur.

Release to the environment of Spirit of Mindererus can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Other release to the environment of Spirit of Mindererus is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use as processing aid, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

Uses at industrial sites:
Spirit of Mindererus is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, leather treatment products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Spirit of Mindererus is used in the following areas: health services, scientific research and development and building & construction work.

Spirit of Mindererus is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, food products and fabricated metal products.
Release to the environment of Spirit of Mindererus can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and in the production of articles.

Industry Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Catalyst
Intermediates
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Solids separation (precipitating) agent, not otherwise specified
pH regulating agent

Consumer Uses:
Spirit of Mindererus is used in the following products: perfumes and fragrances and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Spirit of Mindererus is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.

Other Consumer Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Other (specify)
Photosensitive chemicals

Spirit of Mindererus Applications:
Spirit of Mindererus is widely utilized as a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation.
Spirit of Mindererus is the primary source of ammonia in the Borch reaction in organic synthesis.

Spirit of Mindererus is used with distilled water to make a protein precipitating reagent.
Spirit of Mindererus acts as a buffer for electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry of proteins and other molecules and as mobile phases for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Sometimes, Spirit of Mindererus is used as a biodegradable de-icing agent and an acidity regulator in food additives.

Spirit of Mindererus Structural Formula:
As Spirit of Mindererus salt is constituted of a weak acid and a weak base and is often used with acetic acid to create a buffer solution.
Spirit of Mindererus chemical component is volatile at low pressures because Spirit of Mindererus has been used to replace cell buffers with non-volatile salts in preparing the chemical samples.

Spirit of Mindererus Production:
Spirit of Mindererus is produced by the neutralization of acetic acid with ammonium carbonate or by saturating glacial acetic acid with ammonia.
Obtaining crystalline Spirit of Mindererus is difficult on account of Spirit of Mindererus hygroscopic nature.

Two methods can be used for obtaining Spirit of Mindererus, and they are:
Through the saturation of glacial acetic acid or CH3COOH with NH3 or ammonia.
Through the neutralization of acetic acid with (NH4)2CO3 or ammonium carbonate.

These are the two basic methods used for obtaining Spirit of Mindererus, though some new methods have also surfaced in recent years.
Spirit of Mindererus functions in the form of an acetamide precursor.

This results in a reaction that follows like this:
NH4CH3CO2 → CH3C (O) NH2 + H2O

Spirit of Mindererus General Manufacturing Information:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing

Occurrence of Spirit of Mindererus:
In nature, Spirit of Mindererus is not present in a free compound state.
But, ammonium and acetate ions are present in many biochemical processes.

Spirit of Mindererus Properties:

Physical Properties:
Spirit of Mindererus is a hygroscopic white solid with a slightly acidic odor.
Furthermore, Spirit of Mindererus melting point is 113oC.
Also, Spirit of Mindererus is highly soluble in water and Spirit of Mindererus density in this liquid is 1.17 g/mL-1.

Chemical Properties:
Spirit of Mindererus is a slat of a weak acid (acetic acid) and a weak base (ammonia).
Use this salt with acetic acid to prepare a buffer solution that will regulate Spirit of Mindererus pH.
Nevertheless, Spirit of Mindererus use as a buffering agent is not very extensive because Spirit of Mindererus can be volatile in low pressures.

Spirit of Mindererus History:
The synonym Spirit of Mindererus is named after R. Minderer, a physician from Augsburg.

Spirit of Mindererus Handling and Storage

Precautions for safe handling:
Provide adequate ventilation.
When not in use, keep containers tightly closed.

Advice on general occupational hygiene:
Keep away from food, drink and animal feedingstuffs.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in a dry place.
Keep container tightly closed.
Hygroscopic solid.

Incompatible substances or mixtures:
Observe hints for combined storage.

Protect against external exposure, such as:
humidity

Consideration of other advice:
Specific designs for storage rooms or vessels

Recommended storage temperature: 15–25 °C

Specific end use(s):
No information available.

Spirit of Mindererus Stability and Reactivity:

Reactivity:
Spirit of Mindererus is not reactive under normal ambient conditions.

Chemical stability:
Moisture-sensitive.
Hygroscopic solid.

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Violent reaction with:
Strong oxidiser, Hypochlorites, Gold compound.

Conditions to avoid:
Protect from moisture.

Incompatible materials:
There is no additional information.

Spirit of Mindererus First Aid Measures:

INHALATION:
Remove victim to fresh air; rinse nose and mouth with water.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

INGESTION:
Induce vomiting immediately. Give large amounts of water.

EYES:
Flush with water for at least 15 min.

SKIN:
Flush with soap and water.

General notes:
Take off contaminated clothing.

Following inhalation:
Provide fresh air.
In all cases of doubt, or when symptoms persist, seek medical advice.

Following skin contact:
Rinse skin with water/shower.

Following eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
In all cases of doubt, or when symptoms persist, seek medical advice.

Following ingestion:
Rinse mouth.
Call a doctor if you feel unwell.

Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:
Nausea, Vomiting, Spasms, Circulatory collapse.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
none.

Spirit of Mindererus Firefighting Measures:

Suitable extinguishing media:
co-ordinate firefighting measures to the fire surroundings water, foam, alcohol resistant foam, dry extinguishing powder, ABC-powder.

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
water jet

Special hazards arising from Spirit of Mindererus or mixture:
None.

Hazardous combustion products:

In case of fire may be liberated:
Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Advice for firefighters:
In case of fire and/or explosion do not breathe fumes.
Fight fire with normal precautions from a reasonable distance.
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Spirit of Mindererus Accidental Release Measures:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

For non-emergency personnel:
No special measures are necessary.

Environmental precautions:
Keep away from drains, surface and ground water.

Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:

Advice on how to contain a spill:
Covering of drains.
Take up mechanically.

Advice on how to clean up a spill:
Take up mechanically.

Other information relating to spills and releases:
Place in appropriate containers for disposal.
Ventilate affected area.

Spirit of Mindererus Preventive Measures:
The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting.
The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon Spirit of Mindererus, but also on factors including the form of Spirit of Mindererus, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.
However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.

In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Spirit of Mindererus Identifiers:
CAS Number: 631-61-8
ChEBI: CHEBI:62947
ChemSpider: 11925
ECHA InfoCard: 100.010.149
EC Number: 211-162-9
PubChem CID: 517165
RTECS number: AF3675000
UNII: RRE756S6Q2
UN number: 3077
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5023873
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4O2.H3N/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);1H3
Key: USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C2H4O2.H3N/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);1H3
Key: USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYAY
SMILES: O=C([O-])C.[N+H4]

Synonyms: Spirit of Mindererus
Linear Formula: CH3CO2NH4
CAS Number: 631-61-8
Molecular Weight: 77.08
EC Number: 211-162-9

CAS number: 631-61-8
EC number: 211-162-9
Grade: ACS,Reag. Ph Eur
Hill Formula: C₂H₇NO₂
Chemical formula: CH₃COONH₄
Molar Mass: 77.08 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 29 00

Spirit of Mindererus Properties:
Chemical formula: C2H7NO2
Molar mass: 77.083 g·mol−1
Appearance: White solid crystals, deliquescent
Odor: Slightly acetic acid like
Density: 1.17 g/cm3 (20 °C)
1.073 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Melting point: 113 °C (235 °F; 386 K)
Solubility in water: 102 g/100 mL (0 °C)
148 g/100 mL (4 °C)
143 g/100 mL (20 °C)
533 g/100 mL (80 °C)
Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, SO2, acetone, liquid ammonia
Solubility in methanol: 7.89 g/100 mL (15 °C)
131.24 g/100 g (94.2 °C)
Solubility in dimethylformamide: 0.1 g/100 g
Acidity (pKa): 9.9
Basicity (pKb): 33
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -41.1·10−6 cm3/mol
Viscosity: 21

Density: 1.17 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 114 °C
pH value: 6.7 - 7.3 (50 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 410 kg/m3
Solubility: 1480 g/l

Color: Colorless
Density: 1.170 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Form: Solid
Grade: Reagent Grade
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, Strong acids
Melting Point/Range: 113 °C
Purity Percentage: 99.99
Purity Details: ≥99.99%
Solubility in Water: 1.480 g/l (20 °C)
pH-Value: 6.7-7.3 (20 °C)
Storage Temperature: Ambient

Molecular Weight: 77.08 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 77.047678466 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 77.047678466 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 41.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Complexity: 25.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Spirit of Mindererus Specifications:
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 98.0 %
Insoluble matter: ≤ 0.005 %
pH-value (5 %; water, 25 °C): 6.7 - 7.3
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.0005 %
Nitrate (NO₃): ≤ 0.001 %
Sulfate (SO₄): ≤ 0.001 %
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.0002 %
Ca (Calcium): ≤ 0.001 %
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.0002 %
Substances reducing potassium permanganate (as formic acid): ≤ 0.005 %
Residue on ignition (as sulfate): ≤ 0.01 %
Water: ≤ 2.0 %

Appearance of Spirit of Mindererus: complying
Identity (IR): complying
Assay: Min. 97.0 %
pH (5 %, 25 °C): 6.7 - 7.3
Sulfated ash: Max. 0.01 %
Water insoluble matter: Max. 0.005 %
Metal trace analysis (ICP): Max. 100 ppm
Iron (Fe): Max. 5 ppm
Heavy metals (as Pb): Max. 5 ppm
Chloride (Cl): Max. 5 ppm
Nitrate (NO3): Max. 0.001 %
Sulfate (SO4): Max. 0.001 %

Spirit of Mindererus Structure:
Crystal structure: Orthorhombic

Spirit of Mindererus Thermochemistry:
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −615 kJ/mol

Spirit of Mindererus Related Products:
Diphenyltin Dichloride
Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphite
1,​1'-​Diisooctyl Ester 2,​2'-​[(Dioctylstannylene)​bis(thio)​]​bis-acetic Acid (Technical Grade)
Diphenylsilane-D2
4-ethynyl-α,α-diphenyl-Benzenemethanol

Spirit of Mindererus Names:

Regulatory process names:
Ammonium acetate
Ammonium acetate
ammonium acetate

IUPAC names:
acetic acid ammonium salt
Acetic acid, ammonium salt
Acetic Acid, Ammonium Salt, Ammonium ethanoate
Acetic acid; azane
acetic acid; azane
AMMONIUM ACETATE
Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium acetate
ammonium acetate
Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium acetate
Ammonium ethanoate
azanium acetate
azanium;acetate

Trade names:
AMMONIUM ACETATE
Ammonium Acetate

Other identifiers:
1066-32-6
631-61-8
8013-61-4
856326-79-9
858824-31-4
92206-38-7

Spirit of Mindererus Synonyms:
AMMONIUM ACETATE
631-61-8
Acetic acid, ammonium salt
Azanium Acetate
acetic acid ammonium salt
ammoniumacetate
azanium;acetate
ammonium ethanoate
AcONH4
Ammonium acetate-D3
CH3COONH4
CH3CO2NH4
UNII-RRE756S6Q2
HSDB 556
RRE756S6Q2
NH4OAc
AMMONIUM ACETICUM
EINECS 211-162-9
AI3-26540
INS No. 264
DTXSID5023873
CHEBI:62947
EC 211-162-9
ammonia acetate
MFCD00013066
E264
E 264
E-264
AMMONIUM ACETATE (II)
AMMONIUM ACETATE [II]
AMMONIUM ACETATE (MART.)
AMMONIUM ACETATE [MART.]
amoniumacetate
ammonium-acetate
acetic acid amine
ammonium acetate-
ammonia acetate salt
Ammonium Acetate ACS
AAT (CHRIS Code)
AMMONIUM ACETATE [MI]
Ammonium acetate solution, 5M
C2H4O2.H3N
DTXCID203873
AMMONIUM ACETATE [HSDB]
AMMONIUM ACETATE [INCI]
AMMONIUM ACETICUM [HPUS]
AMMONIUM ACETATE [WHO-DD]
USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Acetic acid ammonium salt (1:1)
Ammonium acetate, biochemical grade
C2-H4-O2.H3-N
Acetic acid, ammonium salt (1:1)
NA9079
AKOS015904610
FT-0622306
EN300-31599
211-162-9 [EINECS]
631-61-8 [RN]
Acétate d'ammonium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Acetic acid, ammonium salt [ACD/Index Name]
Ammonium acetate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
ammonium ethanoate
Ammoniumacetat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
MFCD00013066 [MDL number]
NH4OAc [Formula]
211-162-9MFCD00013066
acetic acid amine
acetic acid ammoniate
AcONH4
ammonia acetate
Ammonium acetatemissing
ammoniumacetate
azanium acetate
azanium and acetate
azanium ethanoate
buffers
E 264
E264
E-264
INS No. 264
OmniPur Ammonium Acetate - CAS 631-61-8 - Calbiochem
OmniPur(R) Ammonium Acetate