Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Polyhexanide (polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. In dermatological use,[2] it is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under names such as Lavasept, Serasept, Prontosan and Omnicide.[3] Polyhexamethylene biguanide has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).[4] Some products containing Polyhexamethylene biguanide are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, scopy, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.[5] Polyhexamethylene biguanide eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.[6] Branded as Baquacil, it also has an application as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer in place of chlorine- or bromine-based products. It is available as Baqua-Spa 3 sanitize, as Revacil Spa 3 sanitizer, and in the Leisure Time Free system. Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products. It is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors. The Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride salt (solution) is used in the majority of formulations. Safety In 2011, Polyhexamethylenbiguanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexanide) has been classified as carcinogenic category 2 by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA). Products containing concentrations of 1% Polyhexamethylene biguanide and more have to be declared as «suspected of causing cancer» and concentrations of 0.1% or above have to be noted in the safety datasheet. Polyhexamethylene biguanide is allowed as a part of cosmetic products (max. 0.1%) if exposure by inhalation is impossible. On the 20th of April 2018, the european commission decided to ban preservative uses of Polyhexamethylene biguanide PT9 (Fibre, leather, rubber and polymerised materials preservatives). It’s still allowed for uses as disinfectants PT2 (Disinfectants and algaecides not intended for direct application to humans or animals). Furthermore, Polyhexamethylene biguanide has been declared as a candidate for substitution by the ECHA. Studies suggest that iodine’s mechanism of action is through destabilization of the bacterial cell wall and disruption of the membrane that results in leakage of the intracellular components.25 Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), also known as polyhexanide and polyaminopropyl biguanide, is a commonly used antiseptic. It is used in a variety of products including wound care dressings, contact lens cleaning solutions, perioperative cleansing products, and swimming pool cleaners. Wound care products containing Polyhexamethylene biguanide include Kerlix AMD™, Excilon AMD™, and Telfa AMD™ (all from Tyco HealthCare Group, Mansfield, Mass) and XCell® Cellulose Wound Dressing Antimicrobial (Xylos Corp, Langhorne, Pa). A review of the literature demonstrates in-vivo and in-vitro safety and effectiveness of Polyhexamethylene biguanide for a number of applications. For wound dressings, Wright and colleagues26 compared the effectiveness of a silver dressing to a dry gauze dressing containing Polyhexamethylene biguanide (Kerlix AMD). Results demonstrated reduction in bioburden with both dressings when tested in an in-vitro bactericidal assay. Using a Kirby-Bauer zone of inhibition study, the gauze was not as effective. This was believed to be due to a tight bond between the dressing and Polyhexamethylene biguanide, which was not released and therefore did not result in killing beyond the edge of the dressing.26 Alternatively, Motta and associates6 demonstrated a good response using Kerlix AMD compared to gauze without Polyhexamethylene biguanide in wounds where packing the dressing into the wound was required. Results suggested that the Polyhexamethylene biguanide in the gauze resulted in a decrease in the number of organisms present in the wound. The majority of literature describes effectiveness of Polyhexamethylene biguanide on various microorganisms associated with contact lens disinfecting solutions. Antimicrobial effectiveness has been demonstrated on Acanthamoeba polyphaga, A castellanii, and A hatchetti.25,27,28 Additional effectiveness was demonstrated for Polyhexamethylene biguanide use in water treatment. Barker and colleagues29 tested the effect of Polyhexamethylene biguanide on Legionella pneumophila. This bacterium causes Legionnaire’s disease and can be found in water systems, air conditioning machinery, and cooling towers. Gilbert and colleagues30,31 have performed numerous studies on bacteria, especially those that form biofilms, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae. In studying biofilms produced from E coli and S epidermidis, they noted that those compounds with higher activity against planktonic bacteria, including Polyhexamethylene biguanide, were also the most effective agents against sessile bacteria found within biofilms. They suggested that the differences in effects of concentration of Polyhexamethylene biguanide on planktonic versus sessile bacteria was due to either the mechanism of action or the number or disposition of cationic binding sites.30–32 Kramer et al33 have studied the effects of various antiseptics including Polyhexamethylene biguanide on fibroblast proliferation and cytotoxicity. They noted that while octenidine-based products retarded wound healing, Polyhexamethylene biguanide promoted contraction and aided wound closure significantly more than octenidine and placebo. The mechanism of action of Polyhexamethylene biguanide has been described in a number of articles. Broxton et al34,35 demonstrated that maximal activity of the Polyhexamethylene biguanide occurs at between pH 5–6 and that initially the biocide interacts with the surface of the bacteria and then is transferred to the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic membrane. Ikeda and colleagues36 showed that the cationic Polyhexamethylene biguanide had little effect on neutral phospholipids in the bacterial membrane—its effect was mainly on the acidic negatively charged species where it induced aggregation leading to increased fluidity and permeability. This results in the release of lipopolysaccharides from the outer membrane, potassium ion efflux, and eventual organism death.37 Clinically, Polyhexamethylene biguanide has been used as a perioperative cleansing agent,38 in mouth wash,39 in ophthalmology,38,40 and as a topical wash.18 Hohaus et al19 reported on the oral use of Polyhexamethylene biguanide (Lavasept 1%, Fresenius-Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany). A combination of oral terbinafine and topical ciclopirox and Polyhexamethylene biguanide were used to successfully treat a deep fungal infection (Trichophyton mentagrophytes) of the throat. Petrou-Binder40 describes the germicidal effects of Polyhexamethylene biguanide (Lavasept 0.02%) as eye drops prior to cataract surgery. It was well tolerated with low tissue response and minimal patient discomfort. While there is no peer-reviewed clinical literature of Polyhexamethylene biguanide used on wounds, industry literature describes the effectiveness of AMD Gauze (Kerlix) as a bacterial barrier against Staphylococcus epidermidis (penicillin resistant) on volunteers. Results suggest that clinically, this dressing was an effective barrier against bacterial colonization.41 The studies suggested that AMD gauze did not elicit any skin reactions.42 Biosynthesized Cellulose Wound Dressing— Antimicrobial (BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide) Biosynthesized cellulose wound dressings (XCell Cellulose Wound Dressing and XCell Cellulose Wound Dressing Antimicrobial) were developed to maintain a moist wound environment without causing maceration, reduce pain, and enable autolytic debridement. This is possible because the dressings effectively absorb exudate and hydrate dry areas of a wound different from other dressings that have only a single function.43 A 49-patient, multicenter, controlled, randomized clinical study was conducted to demonstrate effectiveness of BWD compared to standard of care on venous leg ulcers. Significantly more autolytic debridement, significantly reduced pain, and cleaner wound margins were demonstrated after the 12-week study period.44,45 Improved rate of wound closure, as demonstrated by increased epithelialization and granulation tissue, was also noted.43 The antimicrobial version of BWD (BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide) contains cellulose, water, and 0.3% polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is indicated for use on partial- and full-thickness wounds. It is designed to cover a wound or burn, absorb areas of wound exudate, and provide a moist wound environment that supports autolytic debridement of nonviable tissue. The dressing may be used on moderately exuding, nonexuding, and dry wounds. It also protects against abrasion, desiccation, and external contamination. The moist environment has a cooling effect that has demonstrated a significant reduction of pain.45 Preclinical efficacy testing. BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide demonstrates it effectiveness against a variety of organisms. Following a modified American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) Method 100, samples were incubated with approximately 106 CFU/mL of the various challenge organisms. After 24 hours, a second count was made to determine the reduction in the number of organisms present. Results indicated 99.9% reduction of MRSA, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans within the 24-hour period. Release of Polyhexamethylene biguanide from BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide. A study was performed to demonstrate the release of Polyhexamethylene biguanide from BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide. Five sterile 3.5-in x 3.5-in samples were used. One quarter of the dressing was used to determine the initial Polyhexamethylene biguanide concentration in each dressing using UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible) Spectroscopy (Genesys™ 10 UV, Thermo Spectronic, Rochester, NY) at a wavelength of 234 nm. The remainder of the sample was weighed and placed into 20 times its weight in filtered water. At various times, including 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 24 h, the solution was assayed for Polyhexamethylene biguanide concentration. At the 24-h time the dressing was removed from the tray, weighed, and an extract was taken and assayed for Polyhexamethylene biguanide concentration. Figure 1 illustrates the concentration of Polyhexamethylene biguanide over time. Equilibrium was reached after about 3 hours with the concentration (in ppm) in the dressing equaling the concentration in the solution. This demonstrates that the Polyhexamethylene biguanide is not bound to the cellulose and therefore can be released into surrounding fluid along a concentration gradient. Clinical case series. BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide was evaluated in an open enrollment, noncontrolled clinical trial. Standard procedures for wound care were followed and samples of wound fluid were tested for type and level of microbial colonization at initial administration and 1–7 days after BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide placement. Materials and Methods BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide pads (XCell Cellulose Wound Dressing–Antimicrobial) measuring 3.5-in x 3.5-in were provided to 2 clinical sites and used as the primary dressing. Secondary dressings, including compression wraps (where indicated), were the standard of care for the facilities. Patients were chosen on an “as needed” basis and neither randomized nor controlled. The 2 sites evaluated a total of 12 patients with 26 wounds of various etiologies including venous stasis ulcers (12), diabetic (4), traumatic (8), vasculitic (1), and necrobiosis diabetica lipoidica (1). Eleven of the 12 patients were unresponsive to a silver impregnated or an iodine containing dressing in the 3–4 weeks prior to use of the BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide dressing. In these cases the wound had either increased in size or failed to progress. One patient was treated directly with BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide. Swabs of the wound were taken to determine if bacterial colonization was the reason for the lack of response to previous dressings. Organisms were identified in the wounds of 8 patients prior to and after BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide application. Systemic antibiotics were not given in conjunction with the use of BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide to ensure bacterial reductions were solely due to the Polyhexamethylene biguanide. The organisms identified included methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Diphtheroid gram-positive rods, beta hemolytic Streptococcus B, Enterobacter aerogenes, mixed skin flora, and Enterococcus sp. The most common was Staphylococcus (including MRSA) and Pseudomonas. Semiquantitative scores ranged from 0 to 4+ (0 represents no bacterial growth and 4+ represents the largest amount of bacterial growth on the culture). The various bacteria found in the wounds of all 8 patients and the relative abundance prior to and after application of the BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide dressing are shown in Table 1. Results Four patients (5 wounds) from 1 site were used strictly for the economic analysis below. Of the remaining 8, 1 patient (3 wounds) was lost to follow-up after 1 week of BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide treatment. The remaining patients had BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide applied over periods of 1 to 7 weeks. Results of the 8 patients demonstrated a decrease in wound size on average from 6.79 cm2 to 4.57 cm2 (42% reduction) in an average of 25 days (Table 2). Two of the wounds completely healed during the study, 13 improved, and 2 showed a slight increase in size. Case Reports Case 1. A 58-year old woman presented with a full-thickness draining wound over the dorsal foot secondary to an incision (Figure 2). The patient's wound extended to the level of tendon and was recalcitrant to topical gels, ointments, foam dressings, silver dressings, and moist saline gauze. Past medical history was significant for Hodgkin’s disease, heart valve replacement, pacemaker, hemolytic anemia, and chemo and radiation therapy for breast cancer, which was on-going at the time of presentation. After 3 weeks of treatment with a papain-urea ointment (Panafil®, Healthpoint, Fort Worth, Tex), the majority of fibrotic tissue was removed although the wound did not decrease in size. The patient was then placed exclusively on BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide for approximately 4 weeks with the dressing being changed once a week. The wound rapidly improved and progressed to complete closure during this time period. Case 2. A 78-year-old woman presented with a large wound secondary to a hematoma occurring after trauma (Figure 3). The patient was not on anticoagulants and had a medical history significant for hypertension. The wound had been present for 1 week prior to presentation. Following extensive debridement, the patient was started exclusively on BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide dressing changes every 4 days. The wound closed completely in approximately 2 months. The patient had a history of similar lesions that required up to 6 months of treatment. Case 3. An 89-year-old woman with diabetes presented with venous disease and psoriasis (Figure 4). She had 2 wounds, one each on her right and left lower extremities (RLE and LLE) that were treated separately over a period of 209 days. Upon presentation, the RLE wound was 17.5 cm x 7.0 cm x 0.3 cm. It was treated for 167 days using various products including Acticoat™ (46 applications, [Smith & Nephew, Largo, Fla]), Santyl® (7 applications, [Healthpoint, Fort Worth, Tex]), Apligraf® (6 applications, [Organogenesis, Canton, Mass]), and Xeroform™ (7 applications, [Tyco-Kendall HealthCare Group, Mansfield, Mass]). After these treatments the wound measured 9.0 cm x 4.4 cm x 0.1 cm. Following an initial decrease in size, the wound became unresponsive to these treatments. At that time, BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide was substituted as the exclusive primary dressing. Over the next 42 days, a total of 10 BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide dressings were applied. The patient subsequently went on to heal 1 week after her final treatment (49 days total) using this protocol. Upon presentation, the LLE wound was 1.0 cm x 0.9 cm x 0.3 cm. It was treated for 156 days using various products including Acticoat (2 applications), XCell (2 applications), Santyl/Panafil (70 applications), Apligraf (4 applications), Sulfamylon (26 applications), Aquacel® (3 applications, [ConvaTec, Skillman, NJ]), OpSite™ (8 applications, [Smith & Nephew, Largo, Fla]), and Xeroform (7 applications). The wound remained unhealed after these treatments. The wound was recalcitrant to care; therefore, BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide was substituted as the exclusive primary dressing. Over the next 53 days, a total of 12 BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide dressings were applied as the exclusive treatment. The wound healed at approximately 60 days. Case 4. A 79-year-old woman presented with venous leg ulcer on her lower extremity (Figure 5). She was treated over a period of 104 days. The wound was 15.0 cm x 9.0 cm x 0.1 cm. The wound was initially treated for 34 days using Panafil (13 applications) and Iodosorb (22 applications). After these treatments the wound measured 10.0 cm x 9.0 cm x 0.3 cm. The wound was determined to be recalcitrant after an initial decrease in size (15.0 cm x 9.0 cm to 10.0 cm x 9.0 cm, [≈ 35%]) and BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide was substituted as the exclusive primary dressing. Over the next 70 days, a total of 10 BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide dressings were applied. Effect on wound bioburden and pain. By evaluating the bacterial load pre- and post-BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide, it was demonstrated that the dressing resulted in elimination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Diptheroid gram-positive rods, beta hemolytic streptococcus, and Enterobacter aerogenes in some patients. In other patients, decreased levels of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis were observed. A reduction in pain has been noted with BWD44 as was observed in the present study. Economics of BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide. The estimated cost for the treatment of chronic wounds including services and associated products is close to $40,000 or in some cases even more.45 Any delay to heal a wound can increase that cost. Mulder46 described an economic model for determining the cost of 2 different treatments for removing necrotic tissue. The analysis demonstrated that a hydrogel/polyurethane combination was slightly more expensive than wet-to-dry gauze but was more cost effective when time to reach ≥ 50% debridement was included. The cost of BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is similar to other advanced wound dressings. An economic analysis was performed in this study to determine the cost of BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide use over time. An economic analysis of the use of BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide dressings demonstrates the low cost of using BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide on recalcitrant wounds. The average cost of material was calculated to be $5.99 to $9.01 per day with the wounds demonstrating improvement or healing. No attempt was made to quantify the remaining cost of treatment (clinic visit, staff time, etc.). Data were gathered retrospectively for 2 patients that presented at the UCSD Healthcare System in San Diego, Calif. These patients had a total of 3 wounds that were initially treated with an array of advanced wound care products prior to exclusive use of a BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide dressing. The costs associated with the products used in Cases 3 and 4 appear in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. Table 5 illustrates the cost of the use of BWD-Polyhexamethylene biguanide including the use of saline and gauze to clean the wound. Conclusion A greater understanding of the role bacteria plays in the wound matrix repair process is resulting in an increasingly important role for antimicrobial dressings and products used in chronic wound care. The differences between various antimicrobial components and dressings require that clinicians have a basic understanding of different antimicrobial agents and their role in tissue repair before selecting the most appropriate dressing for a wound. The introduction of noncytotoxic levels of antimicrobial agents, including silver and Polyhexamethylene biguanide, provides a means to potentially decrease levels of bacterial colonization that may impede closure while providing dressings that may assist with the development of a wound environment conducive to tissue repair, and ultimately, successful wound closure. Currently, Polyhexamethylene biguanide does not have a history of resistance or cytotoxicity, has demonstrated promotion of healing,33 and may play a new and important role as an antimicrobial agent in dressings. The need for decreased frequency of dressing changes, dressing tolerance, and ease-of-use are factors, which are equally important when selecting an appropriate antimicrobial dressing. The limited amount of information on the ability of antimicrobial dressings to significantly affect the healing process and wound closure supports the need for well designed and adequately powered clinical trials to determine the true role of these devices in the treatment of chronic wounds. Current information and publications indicate a potential benefit regarding the use of these products in wounds where bacterial burden may be delaying or impeding wound closure. Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is an antiseptic with antiviral and antibacterial properties used in a variety of products including wound care dressings, contact lens cleaning solutions, perioperative cleansing products, and swimming pool cleaners. There are regulatory concerns with regard to its safety in humans for water treatment. We decided to assess the safety of this chemical in Sprague-Dawley rats. Polyhexamethylene biguanide was administered in a single dose by gavage via a stomach tube as per the manufacturer's instruction within a dose range of 2 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg. Subchronic toxicity studies were also conducted at doses of 2 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg and 32 mg/kg body weight and hematological, biochemical and histopathological findings of the major organs were assessed. Administration of a dose of 25.6 mg/kg, i.e. 1.6 mL of 0.4% Polyhexamethylene biguanide solution (equivalent to 6.4x103 mg/L of 0.1% solution) resulted in 50% mortality. Histopathological analysis in the acute toxicity studies showed that no histopathological lesions were observed in the heart and kidney samples but 30% of the animals had mild hydropic changes in zone 1 of their liver samples, while at a dosage of 32 mg/kg in the subchronic toxicity studies, 50% of the animals showed either mild hepatocyte cytolysis with or without lymphocyte infiltration and feathery degeneration. Lymphocyte infiltration was, for the first time, observed in one heart sample, whereas one kidney sample showed mild tubular damage. The acute studies showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) is 25.6 mg/kg (LC50 of 1.6 mL of 0.4% Polyhexamethylene biguanide. Subchronic toxicological studies also revealed few deleterious effects on the internal organs examined, as seen from the results of the biochemical parameters evaluated. These results have implications for the use of Polyhexamethylene biguanide to make water potable. Keywords: polyhexamethylene biguanide, toxicity, biochemical hematology, histopathology, LD50, therapeutic index Introduction Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is an antiseptic with antiviral and antibacterial properties used in several ways including wound care dressings, contact lens cleaning solutions, perioperative cleansing products, and swimming pool cleaners. It is also known as polyhexanide and polyaminopropyl biguanide, polymeric biguanide hydrochloride; polyhexanide biguanide. It is a commonly applied antiseptic, often used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products (Schnuch et al., 2007). The antimicrobial efficacy has been demonstrated on Acanthamoeba polyphaga, A castellanii, and A hatchetti (Hughes et al., 2003; Wright et al., 2003; Burgers et al., 1994; Hiti et al., 2002). In vivo studies have also demonstrated that a miltefosine–polyhexamethylene biguanide combination is highly effective for the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis (Polat et al., 2013). As a biocide, additional pharmacological effects have been demonstrated against Legionella pneumophila, against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. It is a broad spectrum virucide and has amebicidal activities (Gilbert et al., 1990; Kramer et al., 2004; Broxton et al., 1984; Lee et al., 2007). Polyhexamethylene biguanide retains its activity in hard water and does not cause surface streaks or tackiness (Broxton et al., 1984b; Ikeda et al., 1984). Consistent with previous studies, a Polyhexamethylene biguanide mouthrinse was shown to inhibit plaque re-growth and reduced oral bacterial counts, indicating that Polyhexamethylene biguanide could be an alternative to established mouth rinses in preventive applications (Welk et al., 2005). Recreational water maintained and sanitized with Polyhexamethylene biguanide is however assumed to serve as a medium for transmission of ocular adenovirus infections, mainly because at a concentration of 50 ppm, Polyhexamethylene biguanide was not virucidal against adenovirus at temperatures consistent with swimming pools or hot tubs (Romanowski et al., 2013). Previous studies have shown increased frequency of sensitization to 0.5% and 0.4% Polyhexamethylene biguanide in unselected dermatitis patients (Schnuch et al., 2007). Polyhexamethylene biguanide proved also toxic to keratocytes (Lee et al., 2007) and was shown to have acute toxic effects in human cells where it caused severe inflammation, atherogenesis, and aging. Moreover, Polyhexamethylene biguanide produced embryo toxicity and heart failure in zebrafish (Kim et al., 2013). Though, officially not used in the treatment of drinking water, there have been instances where toxic effects were experienced in certain individuals. For example in the period from August 2006 to May 2007, more than 12,500 patients were admitted to hospital with a history of drinking illegal cheap “vodka” in 44 different regions in Russia, of whom 9.4% died. In reality, the “vodka” was an antiseptic liquid composed of ethanol (≈93%), diethyl phthalate, and 0.1-0.14% polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) (“Extrasept-1”) (Ostapenko et al., 2011). Previous studies have also shown that another biocide – polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride – has an LD50 of 600 mg/kg in rats (Asiedu-Gyekye et al., 2014). There have been various regulatory concerns with regard to the use of these biocides in water treatment. We therefore evaluated the safety of Polyhexamethylene biguanide when used in treating water to make it potable and also in the case of survivors of drowning events, concentrating especially on its effect on the major organs. Materials and methods Polyhexamethylene biguanide concentrate was purchased from AGRIMAT-Ghana as an aqueous solution. A stock solution of 0.1% concentration of Polyhexamethylene biguanide was prepared using deionized water. This was equivalent to 1.0 mg/mL of Polyhexamethylene biguanide. Further dilutions were made using deionized water. Animal husbandry and groupings Eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g body weight) of both sexes were acquired from Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon and housed in rooms with regulated room temperature of 26°C and humidity of 40 to 60%. The animals were exposed to 12 h light and 12 h darkness. The females were nulliparous and non-pregnant. The animals were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 10 animals each for the acute toxicity test. A similar provision was made for the subchronic study. Animal feed (Kosher Feed Mills Ltd, Osu, Accra) and water were given ad libitum. To ensure effective absorption from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, feed was withdrawn 8 h prior to treatment and further withheld for an extra 30 min after administration of Polyhexamethylene biguanide before being reintroduced. Equal numbers of rats were randomized and each marked in their individual cages for 7 days prior to Polyhexamethylene biguanide administration. Equal numbers of animals of both sexes were used at each dose level of Polyhexamethylene biguanide. Acute toxicity Polyhexamethylene biguanide was administered as a single dose by gavage in view of the potential mode of ingestion. The animals received doses of 2 mg/kg (500 mg/L), 4 mg/kg (2000 mg/L), 32 mg/kg (8000 mg/L) and 40 mg/kg (10000 mg/L of 0.1% Polyhexamethylene biguanide solution). Since the maximum volume of liquid that could be administered was 1 mL/100 g of body weight, an appropriate adjustment was made in preparing the concentrations so as to avoid exceeding the recommended volume of not more than 2 mL for oral administration (Lee, 1985). Thus 5 different concentrations were prepared. Control animals received only deionized water. The animals were observed every 30 min for the first 4 h, and every 8 h for the next 24 h. The number of animals that died within the 24 h period was recorded for each treatment. The rest of the animals were observed daily for 14 days and any clinical signs were recorded. Clinical signs monitored included respiratory distress, frequency of urination, swellings, abnormal gait, etc. Discussion This study aimed to assess the safety level of Polyhexamethylene biguanide when used to sanitize water to make it potable. The LD50 calculated from the study was found to be 25.6 mg/kg (equivalent to 6.4x103 mg/L of 0.1% Polyhexamethylene biguanide solution). Blood chemistry studies also indicated little or no adverse reaction on cellular components of the blood. All the indices examined were comparable to those of controls, suggesting that the chemical may not have any adverse effects on cellular components of the blood at doses below 25.6 mg/kg, the dose which elicited LD50. Potassium concentrations detected were very high compared to controls, p<0.0057, suggesting that at LD50 level most of the rats might have experienced abnormal heart beats, but this was not confirmed by the histopathological study on the heart as there were no cellular lesions detected. This finding may suggest that in spite of the high dose tested, which possibly might have caused abnormal heart beat in some animals, the integrity of the architecture of the vital organs was not compromised. This observation is similar to that made for PHMGH (Asiedu-Gyekye et al., 2014). Sodium concentrations, on the other hand, did not show any change in either Polyhexamethylene biguanide-treated or control groups (p<0.08), thus most of the clinical manifestations such as lethargy, weakness, etc, usually associated with sodium imbalance were not observed in the study. It is worth noting that most of the animals that died exhibited various nervous manifestations such as abnormal gait and tonic-clonic convulsions. These observations were not supported by the electrolyte profile obtained from blood chemistry analysis. A chronic toxicity study, which is beyond the goal of this study, is recommended to be carried out to further investigate this nervous phenomenon. It should be emphasized that mortality only occurred at very high doses.

Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.


CAS Number: 32289-58-0; 27083-27-8
EC Number: 1308068-626-2
Chemical Name:Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride
Chemical Formula: (C8H17N5)n•(HCl)x



SYNONYMS:
biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB (Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride, Pure Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB) CAS 32289-58-0, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)hydrochloride,
Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl-iminoimidocarbonyl-iminohexamethylene) Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Polihexanide, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine hydrochloride, PHMB; Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Poly(hexamethylene) biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl)iminohexamethylene hydrochloride, N,N'''-1,6-Hexanediylbis(N'-cyanoguanidine) hexamethylenediamine polymer hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB (Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride, Pure Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB) CAS 32289-58-0, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl-iminoimidocarbonyl-iminohexamethylene) Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Polihexanide, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine hydrochloride, PHMB; Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Poly(hexamethylene) biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl)iminohexamethylene hydrochloride, N,N'''-1,6-Hexanediylbis(N'-cyanoguanidine) hexamethylenediamine polymer hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride,




Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also called polihexanide.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is an antimicrobial agent that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also effective against a wide range of viruses, including influenza and hepatitis.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL has been used in wet wipes for many years and is considered to be safe and effective.


The bactericidal ability of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is better than other bactericides.
In particular, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL's unique long-term antibacterial effect and the ability to prevent secondary infection are not achieved by other fungicides.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also called polihexanide.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is very effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


The solution of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is an important ingredient in some pharmaceutical or veterinary formulations.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is very effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


The solution of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is an important ingredient in some pharmaceutical or veterinary formulations.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a cationic disinfectant that is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through its electrostatic interaction with negative sites on the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell membranes.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a cationic disinfectant that is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through its electrostatic interaction with negative sites on the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell membranes.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be widely applied in the fields of daily chemical industry, water treatment, textile, papermaking, petroleum, agriculture, husbandry, health care etc.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eelis, Aeromonas hydrophilus, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, anitary pads, clothes, etc.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eelis, Aeromonas hydrophilus, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, anitary pads, clothes, etc.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be widely applied in the fields of daily chemical industry, water treatment, textile, papermaking, petroleum, agriculture, husbandry, health care etc.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is often used as sanitary wet wipe bactericides, fruit, vegetable and aquatic product disinfectants, sewage treatment flocculation disinfectants etc.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
As a sanitizer, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
As a sanitizer, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used as fungicides, bactericides mainly used in swimming pools, universal cleaning agents and disinfectants.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used as fungicides, bactericides mainly used in swimming pools, universal cleaning agents and disinfectants.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant ,etc.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant ,etc.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast etc.
As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and more.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also widely used in evironmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used as a preservative in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions, hand washes, and more.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used in cosmetics, the preservation of fruit and vegetables.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also used to preserve wet wipes; to control odor in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling institutions and hospitals; and to deodorize vacuums and toilets.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant,etc.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a synthetic polymer that is used in a variety of consumer and industrial products, including wet wipes.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
As a sanitizer, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
As a sanitizer, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
As a medicinal product, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used for disinfection of contact lenses, eye drops, and surgical procedures.


Due to the strong tolerance of the eyes to Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be used as a drug for the treatment of Acanthopanaxa Miba keratitis and the prevention and treatment of other eye diseases.


At the same time, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also widely used in cosmetics, personal care products, textiles, food industries, etc.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is widely utilized as a disinfectant in personal care commodities like cosmetics and toiletries and as a sanitizer in swimming pools.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL possesses marked characteristics of cationic polyelectrolyte.
There are also unique determination methods to Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL using its ion association with organic anions and polyanion.
As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.


As a medicinal product, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used for disinfection of contact lenses, eye drops, and surgical procedures.
Due to the strong tolerance of the eyes to Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be used as a drug for the treatment of Acanthopanaxa Miba keratitis and the prevention and treatment of other eye diseases.


As a sanitizer, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Another good application of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is that it is widely used as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer instead of chlorine- or bromine-based commodities.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also utilized as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is utilized in chemical products like cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and so on.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is applied as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


At the same time, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also widely used in cosmetics, personal care products, textiles, food industries, etc.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast, and so on.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also commonly applied in eviromental disinfection area, such as in hospitals, schools, hotels, and a lot of other public sites.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is widely utilized as a disinfectant in personal care commodities like cosmetics and toiletries and as a sanitizer in swimming pools.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL possesses marked characteristics of cationic polyelectrolyte.
There are also unique determination methods to Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL using its ion association with organic anions and polyanion.


As a sanitizer, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Another good application of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is that it is widely used as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer instead of chlorine- or bromine-based commodities.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also utilized as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is utilized in chemical products like cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and so on.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is applied as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast, and so on.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is also commonly applied in eviromental disinfection area, such as in hospitals, schools, hotels, and a lot of other public sites.


Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is often used as sanitary wet wipe bactericides, fruit, vegetable and aquatic product disinfectants, sewage treatment flocculation disinfectants etc.



PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is recognized as the safest and the most efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in the 21st century.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is colorless and tasteless, low bacterial inhibition concentration, broad spectrum, low toxicity.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can form a layer of cations on the surface of article, which can inhibit bacteria for a long time.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL also has no bacteria drug resistance.



PROPERTIES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high efficiency disinfectant.

Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL's special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-corrosive to the skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-toxic to human cells.



SPECIAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
1. Paper making industry:
In the process of papermaking and cardboard production, because Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is cationic polymer electrolyte, it can be used as an auxiliary agent to accelerate pulp dehydration and mineral filler precipitation, so as to strengthen and improve papermaking process.
In addition, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can also stabilize the dispersion of paraffin and increase the size stability of paper.
The hydrophobicity of paper and hardboard paper increases by 40-50%.

The activity also reduces some problems related to the accumulation of pulp in papermaking machinery, and Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can produce antibacterial paper for manufacturing health products (to replace the silver containing kursin paper).
At the same time, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL also improves the physical properties of the paper: water absorption, strength after water, air permeability.


2. Agricultural application:
As Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL has the function of disease resistance and protection to plants, can effectively kill harmful bacteria, and is harmless to ecology, it is an environmental protection product, which makes the product completely applicable to all growth stages of various agricultural products: Treat seeds, bulbs or tubular seeds with 0.1-1% aqueous solution of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL.
When the symptoms of vegetable diseases appear, spray with 0.01-0.1% Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL aqueous solution of the product (if necessary, add appropriate polyelectrolyte, such as polyacrylic acid).

In order to reduce the loss of storage in winter, 0.2% Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL aqueous solution of this product can be used to wash or spray vegetables and fruits.
In addition, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can overcome the damage of excessive herbicides to plants and prevent infection in the soil.

As a pesticide, the efficacy of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is ten times higher than that of Benazolin, chlorothalonil and sodium disulfonate.
Therefore, to achieve the same effect, the use amount of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL 20% liquid is 10-30 times less.
Moreover, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is safe, non-toxic and non irritating, especially harmless to people and animals.


3. Oil exploitation:
In oil exploitation, a large number of bacteria, such as sulfate reducing bacteria, not only engulf the oil, but also degrade the polymer used (ordinary polymer with low molecular weight), reducing the efficiency of polymer flooding and increasing the cost.



BACTERICIDAL MECHANISM OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
Bacteria quickly suffocate to death after using Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL.
At the same time, because this product is a polymer structure, which can improve the effective activity of guanidine group, the bactericidal effect of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is much higher than other guanidine compounds (such as chlorhexidine).
Due to the special bactericidal mechanism of this product, all kinds of bacteria will not be resistant to Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL, which has been confirmed by the experiments of foreign authoritative testing institutions.



FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
1. Long-acting nature:
After the solution of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is dried, a polymer thin layer of disinfectant is formed on the surface of the object, which can keep the state of the object after sterilization and prevent the secondary pollution of the object.
Generally, the surfaces treated with aqueous solution of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL will remain sterile for up to three months.


2. Innocuity
As Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a high polymer, it is not easy to be absorbed by animal tissues, greatly reducing the toxicity, so that it has no effect on cells of higher organisms.
In addition, the experiment proves that Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be naturally degraded and will not cause pollution to the environment.
The conclusion is that "2% of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL belongs to the actual non-toxic grade".


3. No irritation to skin:
The experimental study of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL on skin was carried out with rabbits.
Conclusion: 2% of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL has no skin irritation when the skin irritation response integral value is 0. (judgment standard: the lower the integral value, the lower the stimulation.)



PROPERTIES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high efficiency disinfectant.

Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL's special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-corrosive to the skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-toxic to human cells.



FEATURES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
*Broad spectrum kills and inhibits various types of microbial.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is odorless and can be easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless colorless transparent solution.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

*Excellent stability:
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is still kept active after being heated at 280℃ for 15 min.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-corrosive to metals.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-corrosive to copper, stainless steel, carbon steel, and other metals.



STERILIZATION MECHANISM OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
1. The guanidine group in Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL performs a high activity and the polymer itself is cationic.
Since bacteria and viruses are usually anionic, they are easy to be absorbed by Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL and could not divide and reproduce, and finally turn inactive.

2. Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL collapses the cell membrane structure and forms transmembrane stomata.
Ultimately, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL causes cell membrane rupture, disrupts the energy metabolism of the organism, and disables bacteria and viruses.

3. Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL forms a film that closes off the breathing passages of microorganisms, causing them to suffocate and die.
The sterilization mechanism is independent of the form and type of microorganisms.
Even if the microorganisms mutate, the mutation will not affect their efficacy.
Microorganisms do not produce resistance to Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL.



STORAGE OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL should be sealed and shaded to be stored in a dry, cool, well ventilated place.



PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is recognized as the safest and the most efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in the 21st century.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is colorless and tasteless, low bacterial inhibition concentration, broad spectrum, low toxicity.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can form a layer of cations on the surface of article, which can inhibit bacteria for a long time.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL also has no bacteria drug resistance.



FEATURES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
*Broad spectrum kills and inhibits various types of microbial.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is odorless and can be easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless colorless transparent solution.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

*Excellent stability:
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is still kept active after being heated at 280℃ for 15 min.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-corrosive to metals.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-corrosive to copper, stainless steel, carbon steel, and other metals.



PROPERTIES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency disinfectant.

Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL's special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL disinfectant is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-corrosive to skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-toxic to human cells.

Skin irritancy test shows that Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-irritant to animal and human skin.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquiculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.



PROPERTIES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency disinfectant.

Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL's special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL disinfectant is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-corrosive to skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-toxic to human cells.

Skin irritancy test shows that Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL is non-irritant to animal and human skin.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquiculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.



SYNTHESIS OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL ANTIMICROBIAL:
*Adopt the melt polycondensation method.
Put the appropriate amount of guanidine hydrochloride and 1, 6-hexane-diamine in the polymerization kettle, stir, and raise the temperature.
After the reactants are completely melted, continue to raise the temperature, constant temperature reaction for about 2h.

And then raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature for the reaction.
After the reaction is finished, stop stirring, and pass nitrogen gas into the kettle.
Open the discharge port at the same time.

Let the product flow into the pre-prepared container.
Let Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL cool down and solidify, then crush it for use.
By following the above procedure, theoretically, a bulk polymer can be produced.

But in practice, due to the difference in the reactivity of the functional groups, will produce an insoluble cross-linked structure, cross-linked polymers are insoluble, and not conducive to melt processing, but as long as the appropriate reaction conditions can be controlled to obtain linear high molecular weight products.



STERILIZATION MECHANISM OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
1. The guanidine group in Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL performs a high activity and the polymer itself is cationic.
Since bacteria and viruses are usually anionic, they are easy to be absorbed by Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL and could not divide and reproduce, and finally turn inactive.

2. Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL collapses the cell membrane structure and forms transmembrane stomata.
Ultimately, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL causes cell membrane rupture, disrupts the energy metabolism of the organism, and disables bacteria and viruses.

3. Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL forms a film that closes off the breathing passages of microorganisms, causing them to suffocate and die.
The sterilization mechanism is independent of the form and type of microorganisms.
Even if the microorganisms mutate, the mutation will not affect their efficacy.
Microorganisms do not produce resistance to Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL.



STORAGE OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL should be sealed and shaded to be stored in a dry, cool, well ventilated place.



SYNTHESIS OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL ANTIMICROBIAL:
*Adopt the melt polycondensation method.
Put the appropriate amount of guanidine hydrochloride and 1, 6-hexane-diamine in the polymerization kettle, stir, and raise the temperature.
After the reactants are completely melted, continue to raise the temperature, constant temperature reaction for about 2h.

And then raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature for the reaction.
After the reaction is finished, stop stirring, and pass nitrogen gas into the kettle.
Open the discharge port at the same time.

Let the product flow into the pre-prepared container.
Let Polyhexamethylene Biguanide HCL cool down and solidify, then crush it for use.
By following the above procedure, theoretically, a bulk polymer can be produced.

But in practice, due to the difference in the reactivity of the functional groups, will produce an insoluble cross-linked structure, cross-linked polymers are insoluble, and not conducive to melt processing, but as long as the appropriate reaction conditions can be controlled to obtain linear high molecular weight products.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
CAS: 32289-58-0 Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Appearance: slightly yellow to colorless & clear
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80max.
Total metal (ppm): 100max
Ordor: no ordor. PH (20% water): 3.0-5.5
Boling point(°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3):1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): very good
Appearance: Colorless or pale-yellow transparent liquid
Boiling point(℃): 102
Content (%): 19.0-21.0
Relative density(g/ml,25℃): 1.04
pH: 4.0-6.0
Name: Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride; PHMB
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Formula: (C8H17N5)n•xHCl
Molecular Weight: ≥1,600～2,600

CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Molecular Formula: (C8H18N5Cl)n n=12-16
Appearance: White powder, colorless translucent crystals, colorless liquid
Purity: 95%, 98%, ≥98%, 20%, 25%, 50%
Density (20℃): 1.039~1.046g/cm3
pH value (20℃): 4.0~6.0
Absorbance (237nm): ≥400
Absorbance (237nm/222nm): 1.2~1.6
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
CAS 32289-58-0
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80 max.
Total metal (ppm): 100 max.
Odor: No odor

Boiling point (°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3): 1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): Very good
HS Code: 29121900
Color of Liquid: Clear to Slight Haze
Water Solubility: Miscible
Application: Biocides, Water Treatment, Disinfectant
Appearance: Colorless or light-yellow solid
Active ingredient: ≥99%
Water soluble: 100% soluble
Odor: Light ammonia smell
Moisture content: ≤0.5%
Water insoluble matter: ≤0.1%
PH in 1% aqueous solution: >4
Ash: 0.05%
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)

CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Molecular Formula: (C8H18N5Cl)n n=12-16
Appearance: White powder, colorless translucent crystals, colorless liquid
Purity: 95%, 98%, ≥98%, 20%, 25%, 50%
Density (20℃): 1.039~1.046g/cm3
pH value (20℃): 4.0~6.0
Absorbance (237nm): ≥400
Absorbance (237nm/222nm): 1.2~1.6
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
CAS 32289-58-0
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80 max.
Total metal (ppm): 100 max.
Odor: No odor

Boiling point (°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3): 1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): Very good
HS Code: 29121900
Color of Liquid: Clear to Slight Haze
Water Solubility: Miscible
Application: Biocides, Water Treatment, Disinfectant
Appearance: Colorless or light-yellow solid
Active ingredient: ≥99%
Water soluble: 100% soluble
Odor: Light ammonia smell
Moisture content: ≤0.5%
Water insoluble matter: ≤0.1%
PH in 1% aqueous solution: >4
Ash: 0.05%
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)

CAS: 32289-58-0 Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Appearance: slightly yellow to colorless & clear
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80max.
Total metal (ppm): 100max
Ordor: no ordor. PH (20% water): 3.0-5.5
Boling point(°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3):1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): very good
Appearance: Colorless or pale-yellow transparent liquid
Boiling point(℃): 102
Content (%): 19.0-21.0
Relative density(g/ml,25℃): 1.04
pH: 4.0-6.0
Name: Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride; PHMB
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Formula: (C8H17N5)n•xHCl
Molecular Weight: ≥1,600～2,600



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
-Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media.
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HCL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and anti-septic.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a colorless, tasteless, non-toxic side effects, no corrosion, no bleaching to all kinds of surface treatment.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is available also as a solid.


CAS Number: 32289-58-0; 27083-27-8
EC Number: 1308068-626-2
Chemical Name:Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride
Molecular Formula: (C8H17N5)n


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride possesses marked characteristics of cationic polyelectrolyte.
There are also unique determination methods to Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride using its ion association with organic anions and polyanion.
The solution of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is an important ingredient in some pharmaceutical or veterinary formulations.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a colorless, tasteless, non-toxic side effects, no corrosion, no bleaching to all kinds of surface treatment.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is safe to use, no side effects, no irritation to skin, mucous membrane and eyes.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride has good biodegradability and will not cause environmental pollution.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride should be stored in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry place away from sources of heat or ignition.
Performance data shows that Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride conforms to technical grade standards and has no significant environmental impact if handled according to guidelines.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is an environmental-friendly Cationic Polymer.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is water soluble and the aqueous solution is colorless and odorless, broad-spectrum, high-efficiency,low toxicity, good stability, non-flammable and non-explosive.


Normally Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is non-corrosive to stainless steel, stainless copper, carbon steel, wood, plastic, etc.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a high molecular polymer, which is not easily absorbed by tissues, has no corrosive effect, has good stability and is easy to rinse, good biocompatibility.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.
The virus is adsorbed, thereby inhibiting the division ability of bacteria and viruses, making them lose their reproductive ability, and the film formed by the polymer blocks the respiratory channels of the microorganisms, causing the microorganisms to die quickly.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, also known as PHMB, polyhexanide or polihexanide, is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride renders it of potential interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is available also as a solid.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high efficiency disinfectant.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride's special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, achieves bactericidal purpose by inhibiting cell membrane activity.
As a cell membrane active antimicrobial agent, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride inhibits bacterial activity better than that of fungi.


Antimicrobial mechanism is roughly as follows: Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a polymerized cationic compound, which is easily adsorbed by various types of bacteria that are usually negatively charged, thus inhibiting the division function of the bacteria and making the bacteria lose the ability to reproduce.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, also known as PHMB, polyhexanide or polihexanide, is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride renders it of potential interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eels, Aeromonas hydrophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceutical, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, sanitary pads, clothes, etc.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is widely used in sterilization, disinfection and algaecide of skin, mucous membrane, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, general object surface, clothing, aquaculture, animal husbandry and other industries


In the field of agriculture, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride has a good prevention and treatment effect on plant seed treatment and bacterial diseases and insect pests of crops.
In the field of sewage treatment, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is able to kill bacteria and remove floccules.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride has high efficiency and broad spectrum to kill and inhibit all kinds of microorganisms, can effectively kill; Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, dysentery, Candida albicans and other kinds of bacterial viruses, bacteria do not produce resistance.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant ,etc.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.


Since Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast, and so on.


Guanidine group in this product has strong activity, making the polymer positive, so Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is easy to be adsorbed by various bacteria and viruses that are usually negative, thus resisting the division function of bacteria and viruses, making the bacteria and viruses lose the reproductive ability.


In addition, the thin film formed by using Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride blocks the breathing channel of microorganisms, making microorganisms suffocate and die quickly.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is applied as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is utilized in chemical products like cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and so on.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is also commonly applied in eviromental disinfection area, such as in hospitals, schools, hotels, and a lot of other public sites.


Some products containing Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride are applied for inter-operative irrigation, both before and after surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, scopy, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochlorideeye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Another good application of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is that it is widely used as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer instead of chlorine- or bromine-based commodities.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is also utilized as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
With a purity of 98%, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is commonly utilized in the healthcare and personal care industries.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eelis, Aeromonas hydrophilus, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, anitary pads, clothes, etc.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is widely used as a disinfectant in personal care products such as cosmetics and toiletries and as a sanitizer in swimming pools.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is used in the stabilization of fabric linings in shoes.


Biguanide solution is used in cleaning contact lenses.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a highly effective antimicrobial agent used in various applications such as disinfectants, sanitizers, and preservatives.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
As a sanitizer, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is widely used in textile printing and dyeing, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization and daily disinfection.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is widely utilized as a disinfectant in personal care commodities like cosmetics and toiletries and as a sanitizer in swimming pools.
In dermatological use, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is also called polihexanide.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is very effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is widely used in textile printing and dyeing, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization and daily disinfection.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is widely utilized as a disinfectant in personal care commodities like cosmetics and toiletries and as a sanitizer in swimming pools.


In dermatological use, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is also called polihexanide.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is very effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.
The Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is used in the majority of formulations.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is available also as a solid.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can be widely applied in the fields of daily chemical industry, water treatment, textile, papermaking, petroleum, agriculture, husbandry, health care etc.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is often used as sanitary wet wipe bactericides, fruit, vegetable and aquatic product disinfectants, sewage treatment flocculation disinfectants etc.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is an antimicrobial agent active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is used in antiseptic, disinfectant and cosmetics.


As a medicinal product, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is used for disinfection of contact lenses, eye drops, and surgical procedures.
Due to the strong tolerance of the eyes to Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can be used as a drug for the treatment of Acanthopanaxa Miba keratitis and the prevention and treatment of other eye diseases.


At the same time, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is also widely used in cosmetics, personal care products, textiles, food industries, etc.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, 98% Cas 32289-58-0 - used as fungicides, bactericides mainly used in swimming pools, universal cleaning agents and disinfectants.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


In dermatological use, it is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under the names Lavasept, Serasept, Prontosan, and Omnicide.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.


Products containing Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is sold as a swimming pool and spa disinfectant in place of chlorine or bromine based products under the name Baquacil.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.
The Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is used in the majority of formulations.



PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
1. Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is soluble in water, alcohol, efficient broad-spectrum killing and inhibiting all kinds of microorganisms
2. The action time of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is relatively long and bacteria do not produce drug resistance
3. Moreover, it will take action very fast and Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is non-toxic to human body and higher animals under the use concentration
4. Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride's solution is colorless and odorless, no irritation to skin and mucous membrane
5. Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is totally environment friendly, degradable, no damage and corrosion to the treated surface



FEATURES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
1. Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride has the ability to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi (many kinds of ringworm and mold) and yeast.
2. Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride has rapid inhibitory effect on E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.
3. Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride : LD50＞5000mg/kg, HPMB is skin friendly, human and environment friendly.



PROPERTIES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency disinfectant.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.

Because of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride's special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride disinfectant is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is non-corrosive to skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is non-irritant to animal and human skin.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquiculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.



PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is recognized as the safest and the most efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in the 21st century.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is colorless and tasteless, low bacterial inhibition concentration, broad spectrum, low toxicity.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can form a layer of cations on the surface of article, which can inhibit bacteria for a long time.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride also has no bacteria drug resistance.



POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE IS USED DISINFECTANT DETERGENT FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES:
After a lot of screening and comparison, the main active ingredients and auxiliary components of disinfectant detergents for fruits and vegetables have been fully studied.
On this basis, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride disinfectant was selected.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is the main component of the fruit and vegetable disinfectant detergent.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride has the advantages of reliable sterilization effect, environmental protection, good stability, and use.
And Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can be used in high dilution, is economic and cost-effective, and conducive to the promotion of use.

In addition, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride and chlorhexidine acetate as the main components of poly hexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride compound disinfectant.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride also has a good bactericidal effect on the natural bacteria on the surface of fruits and vegetables.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride's average logarithmic value of killing natural bacteria on the surface of cucumber, apple, grape, and strawberry all reached above 2.08.



POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE İS USED ANTIMICROBIAL FINISHING AGENT FOR FABRICS:
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride antimicrobial with dip-rolling, impregnation method, or spray method to treat cotton and its blended fabrics after dyeing or printing.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride's antibacterial properties remain effective after 10~100 washes at 50℃.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride antimicrobial does not affect the main properties of textiles.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is suitable for use on most cotton fiber products.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride disinfectant is a cationic oligomer.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride's distribution is said to be 2 to 40 biguanide units.
Each biguanide unit has 2 cationic groups.
The high molecular weight polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can form multiple adsorption points with the fiber surface, and the binding strength is high.



POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE IS USED IN CONTACT LENS CARE SOLUTION AND FEMALE LOTION:
At present, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride and PAPB are the main active ingredients in contact lens care solutions.
They can recognize the phospholipid receptors on the surface of pathogenic microorganisms.
Thus, they can selectively destroy the cell membrane of pathogenic microorganisms and kill the pathogens.
BIGUANIDE antiseptic is less irritating and more effective and can be used as the main component of female lotion.



FEATURES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
-Broad spectrum kills and inhibits various types of microbial:
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride chemical is odorless and can be easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless colorless transparent solution.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

-Excellent stability
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride still keeps active after being heated at 280℃ for 15 min.

-Non-corrosive to metals
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride biocide is non-corrosive to copper, stainless steel, carbon steel, and other metals.



STERILIZATION MECHANISM OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
1. The guanidine group in Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride performs a high activity and the polymer itself is cationic.
Since bacteria and viruses are usually anionic, they are easy to be absorbed by Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride and could not divide and reproduce, and finally turn inactive.

2. Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride collapses the cell membrane structure and forms transmembrane stomata.
Ultimately, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride causes cell membrane rupture, disrupts the energy metabolism of the organism, and disables the bacteria and virus.

3. Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride forms a film that closes off the breathing passages of microorganisms, causing them to suffocate and die.
The sterilization mechanism is independent of the form and type of microorganisms.
Even if the microorganisms mutate, the mutation will not affect their efficacy.
Microorganisms do not produce resistance to Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride.



FEATURES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
Broad spectrum kills and inhibits various types of microbial.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is odorless and can be easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless colorless transparent solution.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride has an excellent stability.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is still kept active after being heated at 280℃ for 15 min.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is non-corrosive to metals.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is non-corrosive to copper, stainless steel, carbon steel, and other metals.



PACKING AND STORAGE OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
Store Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse.
Keep away from Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride fire and heat sources.
Protect Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride from direct sunlight.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride should be stored separately from oxidizers, and flammable and combustible materials.



DOSAGE OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is usually formulated with other water treatment chemicals.
The exact formula of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride depends on water and equipment conditions.
The recommended dosage of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is 100~500 mg/L when used as a separate disinfectant.
The dosage of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride should be determined by the exact process and method if applied in textile and printing, livestock-raising, and aquaculture.



SYNTHESIS OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE ANTIMICROBIAL:
Adopt the melt polycondensation method.
Put the appropriate amount of guanidine hydrochloride and 1, 6-hexane-diamine in the polymerization kettle, stir, and raise the temperature.
After the reactants are completely melted, continue to raise the temperature, constant temperature reaction for about 2h.
And then raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature for the reaction.

After the reaction is finished, stop stirring, and pass nitrogen gas into the kettle.
Open the discharge port at the same time. Let the product flow into the pre-prepared container.
Let it cool down and solidify, then crush it for use.
By following the above procedure, theoretically, a bulk polymer can be produced.

But in practice, due to the difference in the reactivity of the functional groups, will produce an insoluble cross-linked structure, cross-linked polymers are insoluble, and not conducive to melt processing, but as long as the appropriate reaction conditions can be controlled to obtain linear high molecular weight products.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
Appearance: Colorless or light-yellow solid
Active ingredient: ≥99%
Water soluble: 100% soluble
Odor: Light ammonia smell
Moisture content: ≤0.5%
Water insoluble matter: ≤0.1%
PH in 1% aqueous solution: >4
Ash: 0.05%
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
CAS: 32289-58-0 Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Appearance: slightly yellow to colorless & clear
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80max.
Total metal (ppm): 100max
Ordor: no ordor. PH (20% water): 3.0-5.5
Boling point(°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3):1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): very good
Appearance: Colorless or pale-yellow transparent liquid
Boiling point(℃): 102
Content (%): 19.0-21.0
Relative density(g/ml,25℃): 1.04
pH: 4.0-6.0
Name: Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride; PHMB
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Formula: (C8H17N5)n•xHCl
Molecular Weight: ≥1,600～2,600



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
-Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media.
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Polyhexamethylene biguanide
Polyhexamethylene guanide
Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl-iminoimidocarbonyl-iminohexamethylene) Hydrochloride
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)
Polihexanide
Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride
biguanide phmb
polyhexamethylene biguanidine
polihexanide
polyhexanide hydrochloride.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride
Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride
PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide)
Polyhexanide hydrochloride
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride
1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine hydrochloride
PHMB; Polyhexamethylene biguanide
Poly(hexamethylene) biguanide hydrochloride
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride
Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl)iminohexamethylene hydrochloride
N,N'''-1,6-Hexanediylbis(N'-cyanoguanidine) hexamethylenediamine polymer hydrochloride

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB), also known simply as Polyhexanide, is a chemical compound belonging to the class of biguanides.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely used as an antimicrobial agent and disinfectant due to its broad-spectrum activity against various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.

CAS Number: 32289-58-0
EC Number: 608-723-9

Synonyms: Polyhexanide, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB, Polyhexamethylene biguanidine, Polyhexamethylene biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide HCl, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine, Polyhexanidine, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine HCl, Polyhexamethylene guanidine, Polyaminopropyl biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene dihydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene guanidine dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide dihydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene guanidine dihydrochloride, Polyhexanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine HCl, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyhexanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine



APPLICATIONS


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is commonly used as a disinfectant in healthcare settings.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is applied for cleaning and disinfecting medical equipment and surfaces.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) finds extensive use in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities to prevent infections.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is particularly valuable in wound care for preventing and treating infections in open wounds.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is incorporated into wound dressings and gels to promote wound healing while minimizing infection risk.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is utilized in contact lens solutions for disinfecting and cleaning contact lenses.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is found in various personal care products such as hand sanitizers, mouthwashes, and skincare formulations.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB)is effective in preventing infections and controlling microbial growth in both clinical and personal care settings.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is employed in veterinary medicine for disinfecting animal housing, equipment, and surgical instruments.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used topically in animals to treat skin infections and wounds.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) finds applications in agriculture for disinfecting greenhouse surfaces, irrigation systems, and agricultural equipment.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is utilized in aquaculture to control bacterial and fungal infections in fish and shellfish.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is found in household disinfectants and cleaning products for its antimicrobial properties.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is applied in swimming pools and spas to control bacterial and algal growth.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in water treatment systems for disinfecting drinking water and wastewater.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is employed in the preservation of industrial products such as paints, coatings, and adhesives.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is incorporated into antifungal coatings for building materials and textiles.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) finds applications in the preservation of cosmetics and personal care products.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in the preservation of food and beverages to extend shelf life and prevent spoilage.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is employed in the production of antimicrobial textiles for various industries.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is utilized in wound irrigation solutions for emergency medical care.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in the treatment of burns and scalds to prevent infection and promote healing.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is applied in the treatment of respiratory infections and other infectious diseases.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) plays a crucial role in maintaining cleanliness, preventing infections, and promoting public health across various sectors.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in the production of wound debridement solutions for removing necrotic tissue and debris.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) finds applications in the treatment of ear infections and otitis externa in both humans and animals.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is incorporated into wound irrigation solutions for cleansing and disinfecting wounds during medical procedures.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in dental care products such as mouthwashes and dental rinses to reduce oral bacteria and prevent gum diseases.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is employed in the treatment of fungal infections such as athlete's foot and nail fungus.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in the production of antimicrobial coatings for medical devices, implants, and surgical instruments.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is applied in the manufacture of disinfectant wipes and towelettes for convenient surface disinfection.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in the treatment of skin conditions such as acne and folliculitis to reduce bacterial colonization.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is incorporated into ophthalmic solutions to prevent contamination and microbial growth.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is employed in the treatment of animal wounds and skin infections in veterinary medicine.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in the preservation of industrial water systems to control microbial growth and biofilm formation.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is applied in the treatment of burns and scalds to prevent infection and promote wound healing.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in the preservation of cosmetics and toiletry products to prevent microbial contamination.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is applied in the preservation of industrial fluids such as cutting oils, lubricants, and hydraulic fluids.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is utilized in the treatment of fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) to inhibit fungal growth.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is employed in the production of wound irrigation solutions for use in emergency medical care.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in the treatment of eye infections such as conjunctivitis and keratitis.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is applied in the preservation of household products such as cleaning solutions, detergents, and fabric softeners.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in the production of antifungal coatings for building materials and textiles.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is employed in the treatment of surgical site infections to prevent post-operative complications.
PHMB is used in the preservation of water-based paints, coatings, and adhesives to prevent microbial contamination.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is applied in the treatment of respiratory infections such as sinusitis and bronchitis.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is employed in the treatment of swimming pool and spa water to control bacterial and algal growth.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is utilized in various industrial applications where effective disinfection and microbial control are required.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) serves as a versatile antimicrobial agent with applications spanning across healthcare, personal care, veterinary medicine, agriculture, and industrial sectors.



DESCRIPTION


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB), also known simply as Polyhexanide, is a chemical compound belonging to the class of biguanides.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely used as an antimicrobial agent and disinfectant due to its broad-spectrum activity against various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is a cationic polymer, meaning it carries a positive charge, which enables it to interact with and disrupt the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their destruction.
This mechanism of action makes PHMB effective in preventing and treating infections in various settings, including healthcare, personal care, veterinary medicine, and industrial applications.

In healthcare, PHMB is used for disinfecting medical equipment, surfaces, and wounds.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is commonly found in wound dressings, antiseptic solutions, and topical formulations for wound care.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is also utilized in personal care products such as hand sanitizers, mouthwashes, and skincare products for its antimicrobial properties.

Furthermore, PHMB is used in veterinary medicine for disinfecting animal housing, equipment, and surgical instruments.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is applied topically to treat skin infections and wounds in animals.
In addition, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) finds applications in agriculture for disinfecting irrigation systems, animal drinking water, and agricultural equipment.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is a versatile and effective antimicrobial agent with diverse applications across various industries.
Its ability to kill a wide range of microorganisms makes it an essential tool in infection control, hygiene practices, and public health efforts.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is a synthetic cationic polymer.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is a clear, colorless liquid or solid at room temperature.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) has no distinct odor, making it suitable for use in various formulations.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is highly soluble in water and many organic solvents.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) exhibits strong antimicrobial properties against a wide range of microorganisms.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) works by disrupting the cell membranes of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is known for its broad-spectrum activity and long-lasting effectiveness.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is commonly used in healthcare settings for disinfecting surfaces and medical equipment.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely used in wound care products for preventing and treating infections.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is incorporated into wound dressings, gels, and irrigation solutions.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is utilized in personal care products such as hand sanitizers and mouthwashes.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is effective in controlling microbial growth in swimming pools and spa water.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in agriculture for disinfecting irrigation systems and animal housing.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is applied in veterinary medicine for treating skin infections and wounds in animals.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in industrial applications for preserving paints, coatings, and adhesives.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is compatible with a wide range of materials.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is stable under normal storage conditions but may degrade under extreme pH or temperature.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is considered biodegradable under aerobic conditions.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-corrosive to most metals and materials.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-flammable and poses low acute toxicity to humans and animals.

PHMB is commonly used in combination with other antimicrobial agents for synergistic effects.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) has been extensively researched for its safety and efficacy.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is regulated by various regulatory agencies for its use in different applications.
This versatile compound plays a crucial role in infection control and public health efforts.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is a valuable antimicrobial agent with diverse applications across multiple industries.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid or solid.
Odor: Odorless or may have a faint characteristic odor.
Melting Point: Typically ranges from 145°C to 155°C.
Boiling Point: Decomposes before reaching a specific boiling point.
Density: Approximately 1.1 to 1.2 g/cm³.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water and many organic solvents.
pH: Typically acidic in aqueous solutions, with a pH range of 4 to 6.
Vapor Pressure: Low vapor pressure at room temperature.
Viscosity: Varies depending on concentration and temperature.
Molecular Weight: Approximately 500 to 1000 g/mol.
Hygroscopicity: May absorb moisture from the atmosphere.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: (C8H17N5)n • HCl, where n represents the number of repeating units.
Molecular Structure: Contains repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide with a hydrochloride salt group.
Ionic Character: Forms positively charged biguanide groups in aqueous solutions.
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions but may degrade upon exposure to extreme pH, temperature, or light.
Reactivity: Generally compatible with most common materials but may react with strong oxidizing agents or reducing agents.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water but may have limited solubility in non-polar solvents.
Flammability: Non-flammable under normal conditions.
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive to most metals and materials.
Toxicity: Low acute toxicity but should be handled with care to avoid ingestion or prolonged skin contact.
Biodegradability: Considered biodegradable under aerobic conditions, but persistence in the environment may vary.
Photostability: May degrade upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Compatibility: Generally compatible with other chemicals used in formulations, but compatibility testing is recommended.
Chelating Properties: May exhibit chelating properties with certain metal ions.
Oxidation State: Contains nitrogen atoms in both the +1 and +4 oxidation states within the biguanide structure.
Hydrolysis: Stable under neutral and acidic conditions but may undergo hydrolysis under alkaline conditions.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Assist with breathing if necessary. Provide oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Seek medical attention promptly. Transport the individual to a medical facility for further evaluation and treatment.


Skin Contact:

Immediately remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Rinse the affected area thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use soap or mild detergent to cleanse the skin thoroughly, ensuring that all traces of the chemical are removed.
If irritation persists or if skin damage is evident, seek medical attention promptly.
Cover the affected area with a clean, dry dressing to prevent further contamination and irritation.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing of the eyes.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, during the flushing process.
Seek immediate medical attention, and transport the individual to an eye care professional for further evaluation and treatment.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and drink plenty of water to dilute any remaining chemical.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.
Do not administer any oral fluids or medications unless directed by a healthcare professional.

Notes to Physician:

Provide the physician with information regarding the type and extent of exposure.
Monitor the individual for any signs or symptoms of systemic toxicity.
Treat symptoms accordingly based on the individual's condition and response to exposure.
Administer supportive care and appropriate medical interventions as necessary.


Protection of First Responders:

First responders should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the area of exposure to prevent the buildup of vapors or fumes.
Prevent further exposure to the chemical by following proper handling procedures and containment measures.


Environmental Precautions:

Prevent the chemical from entering waterways, sewers, or soil to avoid environmental contamination.
Contain and collect any spilled material using appropriate absorbents and containment measures.
Dispose of contaminated materials in accordance with local regulations and guidelines.


Fire and Explosion Hazards:

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is not flammable under normal conditions.
In case of fire involving other materials, use appropriate extinguishing agents such as water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide (CO2).


Accidental Release Measures:

Contain the spillage to prevent further spread of the chemical.
Absorb spilled material with inert absorbents such as sand, vermiculite, or commercial absorbent pads.
Collect spilled material in appropriate containers for disposal according to local regulations.


Handling and Storage:

Handle Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) with care to prevent spills and accidental exposure.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Follow proper handling procedures to minimize the risk of exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Precautions:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling PHMB.
Use respiratory protection if there is a risk of inhalation exposure, especially in poorly ventilated areas.
Avoid skin contact and eye exposure by wearing suitable protective gear.


Ventilation:
Work with PHMB in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure to vapors or aerosols.
Use local exhaust ventilation or mechanical ventilation systems to control airborne concentrations of the chemical.
Ensure adequate airflow in confined spaces or areas with limited ventilation.


Handling Procedures:
Handle PHMB with caution to prevent spills and accidental exposure.
Use appropriate handling techniques, such as pouring slowly and avoiding splashing or aerosolization of the chemical.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling PHMB to prevent ingestion or inhalation of the chemical.

Storage Compatibility:
Store PHMB away from incompatible materials such as strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.
Separate from food and feedstuffs to prevent contamination.
Store in a dedicated area with proper containment measures to prevent spills and leaks.

Container Handling:
Use containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass, for storing PHMB.
Ensure that containers are tightly closed and properly labeled with the chemical name, concentration, hazard symbols, and handling precautions.
Do not reuse empty containers unless properly cleaned and decontaminated.


Storage Conditions:

Temperature:
Store PHMB in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, as it may affect the stability and efficacy of the chemical.

Humidity:
Keep containers tightly closed to prevent moisture ingress and potential degradation of PHMB.
Store in a humidity-controlled environment, if possible, to maintain product integrity.

Light Exposure:
Protect PHMB from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, as it may degrade the chemical over time.
Store in opaque or light-resistant containers to minimize light-induced degradation.

Accessibility:
Store containers of PHMB in a location easily accessible for handling and retrieval.
Keep storage areas organized and free from clutter to facilitate inventory management and emergency response.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas containing PHMB to authorized personnel only.
Implement security measures to prevent theft, vandalism, or unauthorized use of the chemical.

Emergency Preparedness:
Keep emergency spill control materials, such as absorbents, neutralizing agents, and personal protective equipment, readily available in the storage area.
Develop and implement an emergency response plan for handling spills, leaks, or accidental exposures to PHMB.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under the names Lavasept, Tebasept, Prontosan.
Products containing Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.

CAS: 32289-58-0
MF: C10H23N5
MW: 213.32312
EINECS: 1308068-626-2

Synonyms
PHMB(20%);Polyhexamethyl;PHMB;Biguanide PHMB;Polyhexamethylene biguanidine hydrochloride,~20% in water;PHMB 98%, 20% solution (Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride);20% solution;98% powder;32289-58-0;N'-[6-[(N'-methylcarbamimidoyl)amino]hexyl]ethanimidamide;Poly (hexamethylene biguanide);SCHEMBL24018755;Polyhexamethylene Biguanidine HCl;SAGIGHPRUJPLKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N;BCP13780;AKOS015919499;N-(6-(3-Methylguanidino)hexyl)acetimidamide;N-[6-(N'-METHYLCARBAMIMIDAMIDO)HEXYL]ETHANIMIDAMIDE;1824322-57-7

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is sold as a swimming pool and spa disinfectant in place of chlorine or bromine based products under the name Baquacil.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.
The Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in the majority of formulations.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions, such as Renu.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is a cationic disinfectant that is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through its electrostatic interaction with negative sites on the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell membranes.

Polyhexamethylene biguanidine, also known as Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB), polyhexanide or polihexanide, is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) renders it of potential interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is available also as a solid.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) Chemical Properties
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility: Water
Form: Solid
Color: White to off-white
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H23N5/c1-9(11)14-7-5-3-4-6-8-15-10(12)13-2/h3-8H2,1-2H3,(H2,11,14)(H3,12,13,15)
InChIKey: SAGIGHPRUJPLKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 32289-58-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) (32289-58-0)

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is also used as a surface disinfectant and is alleged to be suitable for skin disinfection.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) has a slow effectand does not meet the practical requirementsfor prophylactic antiseptics in this respect.
Although Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is somewhat less effective than benzalkonium chloride, it is sometimes used instead of benzalkonium because it is less foamproducing under use conditions.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is a water solution that can be used as a broad spectrum and high efficient disinfectant.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB)'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Preparation
The preparation method of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB):By a certain proportion of 1; the own bisguanides of 6-and catalyst join in reaction vessel; under nitrogen protection, said mixture is heated to 80-200 DEGC and reacts, react 2-24 hour; reaction terminates; cooling blowing, obtains poly hexamethylene biguanide, poly hexamethylene biguanide aqueous acid is neutralized to pH value 5-9; and performing filtering so as to obtain a polyhexamethylene biguanidine salt.

Biological Activity
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) is a cationic polymer with antimicrobial and antiviral properties.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) has been commonly accepted that the antimicrobial activity is due to the ability of PHMB to perforate the bacterial phospholipid membrane leading ultimately to its death.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions.


Cas Number：32289-58-0
EC Number: 1308068-626-2
Chemical Name:Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride
Chemical Formula: (C8H17N5)n•(HCl)x



SYNONYMS:
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB (Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride, Pure Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB) CAS 32289-58-0, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl-iminoimidocarbonyl-iminohexamethylene) Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Polihexanide, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine hydrochloride, PHMB; Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Poly(hexamethylene) biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl)iminohexamethylene hydrochloride, N,N'''-1,6-Hexanediylbis(N'-cyanoguanidine) hexamethylenediamine polymer hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB (Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride, Pure Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB) CAS 32289-58-0, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl-iminoimidocarbonyl-iminohexamethylene) Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Polihexanide, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine hydrochloride, PHMB; Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Poly(hexamethylene) biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl)iminohexamethylene hydrochloride, N,N'''-1,6-Hexanediylbis(N'-cyanoguanidine) hexamethylenediamine polymer hydrochloride



Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is an antimicrobial agent that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a cationic disinfectant that is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through its electrostatic interaction with negative sites on the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell membranes.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also effective against a wide range of viruses, including influenza and hepatitis.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is very effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


The solution of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is an important ingredient in some pharmaceutical or veterinary formulations.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also called polihexanide.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) has been used in wet wipes for many years and is considered to be safe and effective.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also called polihexanide.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a cationic disinfectant that is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through its electrostatic interaction with negative sites on the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell membranes.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


The bactericidal ability of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is better than other bactericides.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is very effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


The solution of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is an important ingredient in some pharmaceutical or veterinary formulations.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


In particular, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl)'s unique long-term antibacterial effect and the ability to prevent secondary infection are not achieved by other fungicides.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCl):
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast etc.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eelis, Aeromonas hydrophilus, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, anitary pads, clothes, etc.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be widely applied in the fields of daily chemical industry, water treatment, textile, papermaking, petroleum, agriculture, husbandry, health care etc.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is often used as sanitary wet wipe bactericides, fruit, vegetable and aquatic product disinfectants, sewage treatment flocculation disinfectants etc.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and more.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be widely applied in the fields of daily chemical industry, water treatment, textile, papermaking, petroleum, agriculture, husbandry, health care etc.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eelis, Aeromonas hydrophilus, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, anitary pads, clothes, etc.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also widely used in evironmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


As a sanitizer, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
As a sanitizer, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used as a preservative in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions, hand washes, and more.
As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used as fungicides, bactericides mainly used in swimming pools, universal cleaning agents and disinfectants.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant,etc.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
As a sanitizer, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a medicinal product, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used for disinfection of contact lenses, eye drops, and surgical procedures.
Due to the strong tolerance of the eyes to Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl).
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be used as a drug for the treatment of Acanthopanaxa Miba keratitis and the prevention and treatment of other eye diseases.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used in cosmetics, the preservation of fruit and vegetables.
As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
At the same time, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also widely used in cosmetics, personal care products, textiles, food industries, etc.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is widely utilized as a disinfectant in personal care commodities like cosmetics and toiletries and as a sanitizer in swimming pools.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also used to preserve wet wipes; to control odor in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling institutions and hospitals; and to deodorize vacuums and toilets.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used as fungicides, bactericides mainly used in swimming pools, universal cleaning agents and disinfectants.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) possesses marked characteristics of cationic polyelectrolyte.
There are also unique determination methods to Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) using its ion association with organic anions and polyanion.


As a sanitizer, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Another good application of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is that it is widely used as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer instead of chlorine- or bromine-based commodities.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also utilized as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant,etc.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


As a sanitizer, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast, and so on.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also commonly applied in eviromental disinfection area, such as in hospitals, schools, hotels, and a lot of other public sites.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a synthetic polymer that is used in a variety of consumer and industrial products, including wet wipes.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant,etc.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


As a sanitizer, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Another good application of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is that it is widely used as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer instead of chlorine- or bromine-based commodities.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also utilized as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is utilized in chemical products like cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and so on.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is applied as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is utilized in chemical products like cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and so on.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is applied as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast, and so on.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also commonly applied in eviromental disinfection area, such as in hospitals, schools, hotels, and a lot of other public sites.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is often used as sanitary wet wipe bactericides, fruit, vegetable and aquatic product disinfectants, sewage treatment flocculation disinfectants etc.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.


As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


As a medicinal product, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used for disinfection of contact lenses, eye drops, and surgical procedures.
Due to the strong tolerance of the eyes to Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl).
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be used as a drug for the treatment of Acanthopanaxa Miba keratitis and the prevention and treatment of other eye diseases.


At the same time, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also widely used in cosmetics, personal care products, textiles, food industries, etc.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.
As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is widely utilized as a disinfectant in personal care commodities like cosmetics and toiletries and as a sanitizer in swimming pools.


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) possesses marked characteristics of cationic polyelectrolyte.
There are also unique determination methods to Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) using its ion association with organic anions and polyanion.


Since Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.



SPECIAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCl):
1. Paper making industry:
In the process of papermaking and cardboard production, because Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is cationic polymer electrolyte, it can be used as an auxiliary agent to accelerate pulp dehydration and mineral filler precipitation, so as to strengthen and improve papermaking process.

In addition, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can also stabilize the dispersion of paraffin and increase the size stability of paper.
The hydrophobicity of paper and hardboard paper increases by 40-50%.

The activity also reduces some problems related to the accumulation of pulp in papermaking machinery, and Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can produce antibacterial paper for manufacturing health products (to replace the silver containing kursin paper).
At the same time, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) also improves the physical properties of the paper: water absorption, strength after water, air permeability.


2. Agricultural application:
As Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) has the function of disease resistance and protection to plants, can effectively kill harmful bacteria, and is harmless to ecology, it is an environmental protection product, which makes the product completely applicable to all growth stages of various agricultural products: Treat seeds, bulbs or tubular seeds with 0.1-1% aqueous solution of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl).

When the symptoms of vegetable diseases appear, spray with 0.01-0.1% Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) aqueous solution of the product (if necessary, add appropriate polyelectrolyte, such as polyacrylic acid).

In order to reduce the loss of storage in winter, 0.2% Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) aqueous solution of this product can be used to wash or spray vegetables and fruits.
In addition, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can overcome the damage of excessive herbicides to plants and prevent infection in the soil.

As a pesticide, the efficacy of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is ten times higher than that of Benazolin, chlorothalonil and sodium disulfonate.
Therefore, to achieve the same effect, the use amount of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) 20% liquid is 10-30 times less.
Moreover, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is safe, non-toxic and non irritating, especially harmless to people and animals.


3. Oil exploitation:
In oil exploitation, a large number of bacteria, such as sulfate reducing bacteria, not only engulf the oil, but also degrade the polymer used (ordinary polymer with low molecular weight), reducing the efficiency of polymer flooding and increasing the cost.



PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL):
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is recognized as the safest and the most efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in the 21st century.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is colorless and tasteless, low bacterial inhibition concentration, broad spectrum, low toxicity.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can form a layer of cations on the surface of article, which can inhibit bacteria for a long time.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) also has no bacteria drug resistance.



PROPERTIES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL):
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high efficiency disinfectant.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl)'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-corrosive to the skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-toxic to human cells.



FEATURES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL):
*Broad spectrum kills and inhibits various types of microbial.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is odorless and can be easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless colorless transparent solution.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

*Excellent stability:
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is still kept active after being heated at 280℃ for 15 min.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-corrosive to metals.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-corrosive to copper, stainless steel, carbon steel, and other metals.



PROPERTIES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL):
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency disinfectant.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl)'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) disinfectant is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-corrosive to skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-toxic to human cells.

Skin irritancy test shows that Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-irritant to animal and human skin.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquiculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.



STERILIZATION MECHANISM OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL):
1. The guanidine group in Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) performs a high activity and the polymer itself is cationic.
Since bacteria and viruses are usually anionic, they are easy to be absorbed by Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) and could not divide and reproduce, and finally turn inactive.

2. Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) collapses the cell membrane structure and forms transmembrane stomata.
Ultimately, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) causes cell membrane rupture, disrupts the energy metabolism of the organism, and disables bacteria and viruses.

3. Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) forms a film that closes off the breathing passages of microorganisms, causing them to suffocate and die.
The sterilization mechanism is independent of the form and type of microorganisms.
Even if the microorganisms mutate, the mutation will not affect their efficacy.
Microorganisms do not produce resistance to Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl).



STORAGE OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL):
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) should be sealed and shaded to be stored in a dry, cool, well ventilated place.



SYNTHESIS OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL) ANTIMICROBIAL:
*Adopt the melt polycondensation method.
Put the appropriate amount of guanidine hydrochloride and 1, 6-hexane-diamine in the polymerization kettle, stir, and raise the temperature.
After the reactants are completely melted, continue to raise the temperature, constant temperature reaction for about 2h.

And then raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature for the reaction.
After the reaction is finished, stop stirring, and pass nitrogen gas into the kettle.
Open the discharge port at the same time.

Let the product flow into the pre-prepared container.
Let Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) cool down and solidify, then crush it for use.
By following the above procedure, theoretically, a bulk polymer can be produced.

But in practice, due to the difference in the reactivity of the functional groups, will produce an insoluble cross-linked structure, cross-linked polymers are insoluble, and not conducive to melt processing, but as long as the appropriate reaction conditions can be controlled to obtain linear high molecular weight products.



PROPERTIES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL):
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high efficiency disinfectant.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl)'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-corrosive to the skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-toxic to human cells.



FEATURES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL):
*Broad spectrum kills and inhibits various types of microbial.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is odorless and can be easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless colorless transparent solution.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

*Excellent stability:
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is still kept active after being heated at 280℃ for 15 min.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-corrosive to metals.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-corrosive to copper, stainless steel, carbon steel, and other metals.



STERILIZATION MECHANISM OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL):
1. The guanidine group in Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) performs a high activity and the polymer itself is cationic.
Since bacteria and viruses are usually anionic, they are easy to be absorbed by Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) and could not divide and reproduce, and finally turn inactive.

2. Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) collapses the cell membrane structure and forms transmembrane stomata.
Ultimately, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) causes cell membrane rupture, disrupts the energy metabolism of the organism, and disables bacteria and viruses.

3. Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) forms a film that closes off the breathing passages of microorganisms, causing them to suffocate and die.
The sterilization mechanism is independent of the form and type of microorganisms.
Even if the microorganisms mutate, the mutation will not affect their efficacy.
Microorganisms do not produce resistance to Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl).



BACTERICIDAL MECHANISM OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCl):
Bacteria quickly suffocate to death after using Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl).
At the same time, because this product is a polymer structure, which can improve the effective activity of guanidine group, the bactericidal effect of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is much higher than other guanidine compounds (such as chlorhexidine).
Due to the special bactericidal mechanism of this product, all kinds of bacteria will not be resistant to Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl), which has been confirmed by the experiments of foreign authoritative testing institutions.



FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCl):
1. Long-acting nature:
After the solution of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is dried, a polymer thin layer of disinfectant is formed on the surface of the object, which can keep the state of the object after sterilization and prevent the secondary pollution of the object.
Generally, the surfaces treated with aqueous solution of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) will remain sterile for up to three months.


2. Innocuity
As Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a high polymer, it is not easy to be absorbed by animal tissues, greatly reducing the toxicity, so that it has no effect on cells of higher organisms.
In addition, the experiment proves that Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be naturally degraded and will not cause pollution to the environment.
The conclusion is that "2% of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) belongs to the actual non-toxic grade".


3. No irritation to skin:
The experimental study of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) on skin was carried out with rabbits.
Conclusion: 2% of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) has no skin irritation when the skin irritation response integral value is 0. (judgment standard: the lower the integral value, the lower the stimulation.)



STORAGE OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL):
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) should be sealed and shaded to be stored in a dry, cool, well ventilated place.



PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL):
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is recognized as the safest and the most efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in the 21st century.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is colorless and tasteless, low bacterial inhibition concentration, broad spectrum, low toxicity.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can form a layer of cations on the surface of article, which can inhibit bacteria for a long time.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) also has no bacteria drug resistance.



PROPERTIES OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL):
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency disinfectant.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl)'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) disinfectant is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-corrosive to skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-toxic to human cells.

Skin irritancy test shows that Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) is non-irritant to animal and human skin.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquiculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.



SYNTHESIS OF POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCL) ANTIMICROBIAL:
*Adopt the melt polycondensation method.
Put the appropriate amount of guanidine hydrochloride and 1, 6-hexane-diamine in the polymerization kettle, stir, and raise the temperature.
After the reactants are completely melted, continue to raise the temperature, constant temperature reaction for about 2h.

And then raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature for the reaction.
After the reaction is finished, stop stirring, and pass nitrogen gas into the kettle.
Open the discharge port at the same time.

Let the product flow into the pre-prepared container.
Let Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB-HCl) cool down and solidify, then crush it for use.
By following the above procedure, theoretically, a bulk polymer can be produced.

But in practice, due to the difference in the reactivity of the functional groups, will produce an insoluble cross-linked structure, cross-linked polymers are insoluble, and not conducive to melt processing, but as long as the appropriate reaction conditions can be controlled to obtain linear high molecular weight products.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCl):
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Molecular Formula: (C8H18N5Cl)n n=12-16
Appearance: White powder, colorless translucent crystals, colorless liquid
Purity: 95%, 98%, ≥98%, 20%, 25%, 50%
Density (20℃): 1.039~1.046g/cm3
pH value (20℃): 4.0~6.0
Absorbance (237nm): ≥400
Absorbance (237nm/222nm): 1.2~1.6
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
CAS 32289-58-0
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80 max.
Total metal (ppm): 100 max.
Odor: No odor

Boiling point (°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3): 1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): Very good
HS Code: 29121900
Color of Liquid: Clear to Slight Haze
Water Solubility: Miscible
Application: Biocides, Water Treatment, Disinfectant
Appearance: Colorless or light-yellow solid
Active ingredient: ≥99%
Water soluble: 100% soluble
Odor: Light ammonia smell
Moisture content: ≤0.5%
Water insoluble matter: ≤0.1%
PH in 1% aqueous solution: >4
Ash: 0.05%
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)

CAS: 32289-58-0 Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Appearance: slightly yellow to colorless & clear
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80max.
Total metal (ppm): 100max
Ordor: no ordor. PH (20% water): 3.0-5.5
Boling point(°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3):1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): very good
Appearance: Colorless or pale-yellow transparent liquid
Boiling point(℃): 102
Content (%): 19.0-21.0
Relative density(g/ml,25℃): 1.04
pH: 4.0-6.0
Name: Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride; PHMB
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Formula: (C8H17N5)n•xHCl
Molecular Weight: ≥1,600～2,600

CAS: 32289-58-0 Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Appearance: slightly yellow to colorless & clear
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80max.
Total metal (ppm): 100max
Ordor: no ordor. PH (20% water): 3.0-5.5
Boling point(°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3):1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): very good
Appearance: Colorless or pale-yellow transparent liquid
Boiling point(℃): 102
Content (%): 19.0-21.0
Relative density(g/ml,25℃): 1.04
pH: 4.0-6.0
Name: Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride; PHMB
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Formula: (C8H17N5)n•xHCl
Molecular Weight: ≥1,600～2,600

CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Molecular Formula: (C8H18N5Cl)n n=12-16
Appearance: White powder, colorless translucent crystals, colorless liquid
Purity: 95%, 98%, ≥98%, 20%, 25%, 50%
Density (20℃): 1.039~1.046g/cm3
pH value (20℃): 4.0~6.0
Absorbance (237nm): ≥400
Absorbance (237nm/222nm): 1.2~1.6
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
CAS 32289-58-0
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80 max.
Total metal (ppm): 100 max.
Odor: No odor

Boiling point (°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3): 1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): Very good
HS Code: 29121900
Color of Liquid: Clear to Slight Haze
Water Solubility: Miscible
Application: Biocides, Water Treatment, Disinfectant
Appearance: Colorless or light-yellow solid
Active ingredient: ≥99%
Water soluble: 100% soluble
Odor: Light ammonia smell
Moisture content: ≤0.5%
Water insoluble matter: ≤0.1%
PH in 1% aqueous solution: >4
Ash: 0.05%
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCl):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCl):
-Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCl):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media.
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCl):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCl):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB-HCl):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, commonly known as Polyhexanide, is a chemical compound used primarily as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) belongs to the biguanide class of compounds and is known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.

CAS Number: 32289-58-0
EC Number: 251-899-3

Synonyms: PHMB, Polyhexamethylene guanide hydrochloride, PHMB hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene dihydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride, Polyhexanide hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide HCl, Polyhexanidine hydrochloride, PHMB dihydrochloride, Polyhexanide dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide dihydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene guanidine dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide HCl, Polyhexamethylene guanidine dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide, Polyhexanidine, PHMB dihydrochloride, Polyhexanidine dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine dihydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene guanidine, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine, Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine HCl, Polyhexamethylene guanidine dihydrochloride



APPLICATIONS


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is widely used as a disinfectant in healthcare settings.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is commonly applied to clean and disinfect medical equipment and surfaces.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities to prevent the spread of infections.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is employed for disinfecting medical devices such as surgical instruments, endoscopes, and catheters.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is utilized in wound care to prevent and treat infections in open wounds.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is incorporated into wound dressings and gels to promote healing and reduce the risk of infection.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in contact lens solutions to disinfect and clean contact lenses.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is employed in personal care products such as hand sanitizers and mouthwashes for its antimicrobial properties.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is included in skincare formulations, including cleansers and moisturizers, to control bacteria and prevent skin infections.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in veterinary medicine for disinfecting animal housing, equipment, and surgical instruments.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is applied topically to treat skin infections in animals, including wounds and dermatitis.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in agriculture to disinfect greenhouse surfaces, irrigation systems, and agricultural equipment.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is employed in aquaculture to control bacterial and fungal infections in fish and shellfish.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in household disinfectants and cleaning products for its antimicrobial properties.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is incorporated into fabric disinfectants and laundry additives to sanitize clothing and linens.
Polyhexanide is utilized in swimming pools and spas to control bacterial and algal growth.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is applied in water treatment systems to disinfect drinking water and wastewater.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in the preservation of industrial products, including paints, coatings, and adhesives.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is employed in the manufacture of antifungal coatings for building materials and textiles.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in the preservation of cosmetics and personal care products to prevent microbial contamination.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is applied in the preservation of food and beverages to extend shelf life and prevent spoilage.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in the production of antimicrobial textiles for healthcare, hospitality, and sportswear industries.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is employed in the treatment of swimming pool and spa water to control bacterial and algal growth.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is utilized in various industrial applications where effective disinfection and microbial control are required.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in the preservation of ophthalmic solutions to prevent contamination and microbial growth.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is employed in the manufacture of wound irrigation solutions to cleanse and disinfect wounds during medical procedures.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in the treatment of chronic wounds such as diabetic ulcers and pressure sores to prevent infection and promote healing.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is applied in dental care products such as mouthwashes and dental rinses to reduce oral bacteria and prevent gingivitis.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is utilized in the treatment of fungal infections such as athlete's foot and nail fungus.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in the production of antimicrobial coatings for medical devices, implants, and surgical instruments.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is employed in the manufacture of disinfectant wipes and towelettes for convenient surface disinfection.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is applied in the treatment of skin conditions such as acne and folliculitis to reduce bacterial colonization.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in the preservation of pharmaceutical preparations such as eye drops, nasal sprays, and injectable medications.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is employed in the treatment of ear infections and otitis externa to control bacterial and fungal growth.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is utilized in the production of hand sanitizers and hand wipes for personal hygiene and infection control.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is applied in the treatment of animal wounds and skin infections in veterinary medicine.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in the preservation of industrial water systems to control microbial growth and biofilm formation.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is employed in the treatment of burns and scalds to prevent infection and promote wound healing.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is applied in the preservation of cosmetic and toiletry products such as shampoos, creams, and lotions.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in the treatment of bacterial infections such as cellulitis and impetigo.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is utilized in the production of wound irrigation solutions for use in emergency medical care.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is applied in the treatment of eye infections such as conjunctivitis and keratitis.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in the preservation of water-based paints, coatings, and adhesives to prevent microbial contamination.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is employed in the treatment of surgical site infections to prevent post-operative complications.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is applied in the preservation of industrial fluids such as cutting oils, lubricants, and hydraulic fluids.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is utilized in the treatment of fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) to inhibit fungal growth.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is used in the production of wound debridement solutions for the removal of necrotic tissue and debris.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is employed in the treatment of respiratory infections such as sinusitis and bronchitis.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is applied in the preservation of household products such as cleaning solutions, detergents, and fabric softeners.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) remains effective even in the presence of organic matter and does not easily degrade.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is typically formulated as a solution or gel for ease of application.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is well-tolerated by the skin and mucous membranes when used as directed.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) has low toxicity and is considered safe for topical use in recommended concentrations.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) works by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their destruction.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) penetrates microbial biofilms and inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is non-corrosive and does not damage surfaces or medical equipment.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is compatible with a wide range of materials commonly used in healthcare settings.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is odorless and colorless, making it suitable for use in various formulations.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is often used in combination with other antimicrobial agents for synergistic effects.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is biocompatible and does not cause tissue irritation or sensitization when used appropriately.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is well-studied and has been extensively researched for its safety and efficacy.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is recommended for use in infection control protocols and wound management guidelines.

Healthcare professionals rely on Polyhexanide for its role in preventing healthcare-associated infections.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) plays a crucial role in maintaining a clean and safe environment in healthcare settings and in promoting wound healing and infection prevention.



DESCRIPTION


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, commonly known as Polyhexanide, is a chemical compound used primarily as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) belongs to the biguanide class of compounds and is known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is often used in healthcare settings for disinfecting medical devices, surfaces, and wounds.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.
In addition to its use in healthcare, Polyhexanide is also employed in various other applications, such as in contact lens solutions, personal care products, and wound care products.

The chemical structure of Polyhexanide consists of repeating hexamethylene biguanide units, with a hydrochloride salt group attached.
This structure allows it to disrupt the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their destruction.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is considered safe for use when applied topically or used as directed.
However, it's essential to follow recommended guidelines for dilution and application to minimize the risk of irritation or adverse effects.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, commonly known as Polyhexanide, is a potent antimicrobial agent.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is widely used for its broad-spectrum disinfectant properties.

Polyhexanide exhibits strong activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is commonly employed in healthcare settings for disinfecting medical equipment, surfaces, and wounds.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is effective in preventing infections and controlling the spread of pathogens in clinical environments.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is particularly useful in wound care for its ability to prevent and treat infections in open wounds.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is also utilized in contact lens solutions to disinfect and clean contact lenses.
In addition to its medical applications, Polyhexanide is used in personal care products for its antimicrobial properties.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) can be found in products such as hand sanitizers, mouthwashes, and skincare formulations.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is known for its stability and long-lasting antimicrobial activity.




PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Typically a clear, colorless liquid or solid.
Odor: Odorless or may have a faint characteristic odor.
Melting Point: Typically ranges from 145°C to 155°C.
Boiling Point: Decomposes before reaching a specific boiling point.
Density: Approximately 1.1 to 1.2 g/cm³.
Solubility: Soluble in water and many organic solvents.
pH: Typically acidic in aqueous solutions, with a pH range of 4 to 6.
Vapor Pressure: Low vapor pressure at room temperature.
Viscosity: Varies depending on concentration and temperature.
Molecular Weight: Approximately 500 to 1000 g/mol.
Hygroscopicity: May absorb moisture from the atmosphere.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: (C8H17N5)n • HCl, where n represents the number of repeating units.
Molecular Structure: Contains repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide with a hydrochloride salt group.
Ionic Character: Forms positively charged biguanide groups in aqueous solutions.
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions but may degrade upon exposure to extreme pH, temperature, or light.
Reactivity: Generally compatible with most common materials but may react with strong oxidizing agents or reducing agents.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water but may have limited solubility in non-polar solvents.
Flammability: Non-flammable under normal conditions.
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive to most metals and materials.
Toxicity: Low acute toxicity but should be handled with care to avoid ingestion or prolonged skin contact.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Provide artificial respiration if breathing is difficult.
Seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms persist.


Skin Contact:

Immediately remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use soap or mild detergent to cleanse the skin thoroughly.
Seek medical attention if irritation, redness, or other symptoms develop.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do so.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Provide the eye doctor with information about the chemical involved.


Ingestion:

If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.


Notes to Physician:

Provide supportive care and symptomatic treatment as necessary.
In case of ingestion, consider the possibility of aspiration and monitor for respiratory distress.
Treat symptoms based on the individual's condition and response to exposure.
Provide appropriate medical interventions based on the route of exposure and severity of symptoms.


Protection of First Responders:

First responders should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the area of exposure.
Prevent further exposure to the chemical by following proper handling procedures.


Fire and Explosion Hazards:

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride is not flammable.
In case of fire involving other materials, use appropriate extinguishing agents such as water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide (CO2).


Accidental Release Measures:

Contain the spillage to prevent further spread of the chemical.
Absorb spilled material with inert absorbents such as sand or vermiculite.
Collect spilled material in appropriate containers for disposal according to local regulations.


Handling and Storage:

Handle Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride with care to prevent spills and accidental exposure.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Follow proper handling procedures to minimize the risk of exposure.


Exposure Controls/Personal Protection:

Use engineering controls such as ventilation systems to minimize exposure to the chemical.
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling the chemical and before eating, drinking, or smoking.


Environmental Precautions:

Prevent release into the environment by following proper handling and disposal procedures.
Avoid contamination of water sources, soil, and air.
Dispose of unused product and contaminated materials according to local regulations and guidelines.


Additional Information:

Provide additional information as necessary based on specific circumstances, such as the concentration of the chemical, the route of exposure, and the severity of symptoms.
Consult the safety data sheet (SDS) for detailed information on hazards, handling, and emergency procedures.
Keep emergency contact numbers and information readily available for quick reference in case of exposure or accidents.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Precautions:

Handle Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) with care to minimize the risk of exposure.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing when handling the chemical.
Avoid inhalation of dust, vapors, or mists. Use local exhaust ventilation if handling in an enclosed space.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling Polyhexanide, especially before eating, drinking, smoking, or using the restroom.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the chemical.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. In case of contact, follow first aid measures as outlined in the safety data sheet (SDS).
Use Polyhexanide in a well-ventilated area to prevent the buildup of vapors or fumes.
Use appropriate engineering controls, such as closed systems or containment, to minimize exposure during handling and transfer operations.
Avoid generating dust or aerosols when handling solid forms of Polyhexanide. Use dust suppression techniques if necessary.
Do not mix Polyhexanide with incompatible substances or materials. Consult the SDS for information on compatibility.


Storage Conditions:

Store Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture ingress.
Store Polyhexanide away from incompatible materials such as strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.
Ensure proper labeling of containers with the product name, concentration, hazard symbols, and handling precautions.
Store large quantities of Polyhexanide in dedicated storage areas with appropriate containment measures in place.
Prevent spills and leaks by storing containers on compatible secondary containment systems.
Regularly inspect storage areas for signs of damage, leaks, or deterioration of containers.
Ensure that storage areas are equipped with spill control measures and cleanup materials in case of accidental spills or leaks.
Keep Polyhexanide out of reach of children and unauthorized personnel.
Follow local regulations and guidelines for the storage and handling of hazardous chemicals, including Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is a chemical compound used for its antimicrobial properties.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is commonly employed in various applications, including as a disinfectant, preservative, and biocide.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, and algae.

CAS Number: 32289-58-0
EC Number: 608-723-9

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APPLICATIONS


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is extensively used in the healthcare industry for its potent antimicrobial properties, finding applications in wound care products.
In the textile industry, PHMB-treated fabrics resist microbial growth, enhancing durability and preventing odor formation.
The cosmetic and personal care sector employs Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% in skincare products, cosmetics, and contact lens solutions as a preservative.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is a key component in disinfectant solutions used for surface disinfection in healthcare settings.
Industrial water treatment utilizes Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% to control microbial growth in cooling towers and other water systems.
Swimming pools benefit from Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% as it acts as an effective biocide, keeping the water free from harmful microorganisms.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20%-based solutions contribute to the preservation of adhesives and coatings in various industrial applications.
Products like Cosmocil CQ, containing Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20%, play a role in preserving the integrity of personal care formulations.
In wound healing applications, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% helps prevent infections by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is used for its antimicrobial properties in industrial processes.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is incorporated into household cleaning products to enhance their antimicrobial efficacy.

Textile finishes containing Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% provide antimicrobial protection to sportswear, activewear, and outdoor fabrics.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in the formulation of biocidal products for crop protection.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% serves as an antimicrobial agent in certain medical applications.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is found in antimicrobial solutions used for the disinfection of medical instruments and equipment.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is used in the creation of antimicrobial solutions for various applications.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is employed in the treatment of water in heating and cooling systems to prevent bacterial contamination.
The stability and compatibility of PHMB make it valuable in preserving a wide range of consumer goods.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% contributes to the prevention of microbial growth in water systems.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is used for preservation in the household and industrial product formulations.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in the creation of antimicrobial coatings for surfaces in hospitals and public spaces.
Lavasept, a Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20%-based disinfectant solution, is commonly used for medical equipment sterilization.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20%'s low toxicity profile makes it suitable for use in personal care products such as shampoos and soaps.
PHMB-treated materials are employed in the manufacturing of antibacterial wipes and cleaning cloths.
The versatility of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% allows it to find applications in diverse industries, contributing to microbial control and product preservation.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is commonly used in the formulation of hand sanitizers, providing effective antimicrobial action against a variety of pathogens.
In the field of veterinary medicine, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in the creation of antiseptic solutions for wound care in animals.
PHMB-based mouthwashes and oral care products contribute to maintaining oral hygiene by preventing bacterial growth.

Cosmocil CD, a product containing PHMB, is applied in the preservation of decorative paints and coatings.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is incorporated into contact lens solutions to prevent microbial contamination and enhance eye safety.
Water-based paints benefit from Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% as a preservative, ensuring longevity and preventing microbial spoilage.

Antimicrobial coatings containing PHMB find applications in hospitals, clinics, and public spaces for surface protection.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is used in the creation of wound dressings and surgical scrubs to minimize the risk of infections.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is employed in the preservation of skincare and haircare products.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is applied in the manufacturing of antimicrobial soaps and cleansers for personal and industrial use.
In the agricultural sector, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in the formulation of plant protection products to control microbial threats.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is employed in the creation of preservative solutions for the storage of ophthalmic solutions and pharmaceuticals.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% serves as a preservative in the production of household cleaning agents.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in the creation of mold-resistant coatings, preserving the integrity of various materials.

Water treatment formulations incorporating PHMB are effective in preventing biofilm formation in pipelines.
PHMB-treated filters are used in air purification systems to inhibit the growth of bacteria and mold.

In the manufacturing of wet wipes and disinfecting cloths, PHMB adds antimicrobial properties to the materials.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% contributes to the preservation of adhesive formulations used in the woodworking and construction industries.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is employed in the formulation of preservatives for personal care emulsions.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is applied in the creation of preservative solutions for the storage of ink and printing materials.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is used in the preservation of aqueous solutions in laboratories and chemical manufacturing.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is employed in the creation of antimicrobial solutions for the treatment of cooling water in industrial processes.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in the prevention of microbial contamination in metalworking fluids.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% contributes to the preservation of certain pharmaceutical formulations, ensuring product stability.
The versatility of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% extends to the preservation of adhesives, sealants, and construction materials, enhancing their durability.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is an essential component in the formulation of antimicrobial coatings for surfaces in healthcare facilities, contributing to infection control.
In the leather industry, PHMB is used to prevent microbial growth and spoilage during the production and storage of leather goods.
PHMB-treated materials find application in the creation of antimicrobial filters for air purification systems.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in the preservation of water-based adhesives, ensuring their longevity and preventing bacterial contamination.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is employed in the preservation of specialty personal care products.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is used in the manufacturing of antimicrobial bandages and wound care products for enhanced healing.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is applied in the formulation of preservatives for emulsion-based cosmetic products.
In the food industry, PHMB is utilized in food contact surface sanitizers to ensure the safety and hygiene of food processing equipment.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is incorporated into preservative solutions for the storage of laboratory reagents and chemical solutions.
The pharmaceutical sector benefits from Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% in the formulation of preservatives for injectable medications, ensuring sterility.
Antimicrobial coatings containing Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% are applied to medical devices and equipment to prevent bacterial colonization.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is used in the preservation of water-based metalworking fluids, preventing microbial degradation.
The stability of PHMB in various formulations makes it suitable for the creation of long-lasting antimicrobial paints and coatings.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% contributes to the formulation of preservatives for cutting fluids used in machining and metalworking processes.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is applied in the preservation of cosmetic and personal care formulations.
PHMB-treated materials are used in the creation of antimicrobial mats and flooring for healthcare and public spaces.

The effectiveness of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% in preventing microbial growth makes it a valuable component in the preservation of photographic processing solutions.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is applied in the creation of preservatives for the storage of water-based ink formulations.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is employed in the preservation of biocidal products for household and industrial use.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in the formulation of preservatives for the storage of water-based paints and coatings.
In the manufacturing of personal care wipes, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% adds antimicrobial properties to the materials for improved hygiene.

The versatility of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% extends to the preservation of aqueous solutions used in laboratory experiments and chemical research.
PHMB-treated materials are employed in the creation of antimicrobial medical drapes and covers in healthcare settings.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in the formulation of preservatives for emulsion paints and coatings.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is applied in the creation of antimicrobial solutions for the treatment of water in industrial cooling systems.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% plays a crucial role in the preservation of water-based cutting fluids, preventing bacterial contamination in metalworking processes.
The construction industry benefits from Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20%, which is utilized in the formulation of antimicrobial coatings for building materials.

PHMB-treated materials find applications in the production of antimicrobial textiles for use in healthcare uniforms and bedding.
In the field of horticulture, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is employed in the formulation of plant protection products to control fungal and bacterial infections.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in the preservation of emulsion-based personal care and cosmetic products.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is incorporated into the production of antimicrobial wound dressings, promoting a sterile environment for optimal healing.
The stability of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% in water-based formulations makes it suitable for the preservation of adhesives used in the woodworking industry.
In the manufacturing of contact lenses, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% contributes to the formulation of disinfecting solutions to ensure lens hygiene.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is applied in the preservation of water-based inks, preventing microbial growth in printing materials and equipment.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in the formulation of preservatives for water-based metal coatings.
PHMB-treated surfaces are used in the creation of antimicrobial coatings for medical devices, reducing the risk of infections.

The agricultural sector employs Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% in the creation of biocidal products for crop protection against harmful microorganisms.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% contributes to the formulation of preservatives for water-based adhesive products used in construction and packaging.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is applied in the preservation of aqueous solutions used in laboratory experiments.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in the formulation of preservatives for water-based coatings, ensuring microbial stability and product quality.
In the creation of household cleaning agents, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% adds antimicrobial properties to ensure effective sanitation.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is employed in the preservation of antifreeze solutions used in industrial processes.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is incorporated into the production of antimicrobial shower curtains and liners to prevent mold and bacteria growth.
The stability of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% makes it suitable for the preservation of water-based lubricants used in machinery and automotive applications.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% contributes to the formulation of preservatives for water-based paints, extending their shelf life and preventing spoilage.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is applied in the preservation of water-based coatings used in the automotive industry.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in the formulation of preservatives for water-based dyes and pigments used in the textile industry.

In the creation of personal care wipes, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% provides antimicrobial properties for enhanced hygiene and freshness.
PHMB-treated materials find applications in the production of antimicrobial medical curtains and privacy screens.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is employed in the preservation of emulsion-based paints and coatings.



DESCRIPTION


Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is a chemical compound used for its antimicrobial properties.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is commonly employed in various applications, including as a disinfectant, preservative, and biocide.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, and algae.

The chemical structure of Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride consists of repeating hexamethylene biguanide units.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is a polymer, meaning it is composed of multiple smaller units linked together.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, commonly known as PHMB, is a potent antimicrobial agent.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is a water-soluble polymer with a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is characterized by its polymeric biguanide structure, contributing to its effectiveness.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% exhibits strong biocidal properties against bacteria, fungi, and algae.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is often used as a disinfectant and preservative in various industries.
With its high solubility in water, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is easily formulated into different solutions for diverse applications.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is frequently utilized in wound care products due to its antimicrobial efficacy.
As a preservative, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is found in skincare products, cosmetics, and contact lens solutions.

Textiles treated with Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% gain antimicrobial properties, preventing the growth of odor-causing bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is often used in industrial applications.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is known for its stability and compatibility with various formulations and materials.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is effective in controlling microbial growth in water systems, such as swimming pools.
In healthcare settings, PHMB-based solutions are used for surface disinfection and instrument sterilization.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is utilized in certain medical and hygiene applications.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is used in the preservation of adhesives and coatings.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is incorporated into certain personal care products to enhance their shelf life and microbial safety.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride 20% is used in the formulation of antimicrobial solutions.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: (C8H17N5)n•(HCl)x
Smiles: CC(=NCCCCCCNC(=NC)N)N
Purity: 19.0 To 21.0%
Color/Form: Colorless Clear Liquid
Boiling point: Approx. 102°C
Density: 1.04 G/Cm3



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area with plenty of water and mild soap.
If irritation persists or if there are signs of an allergic reaction, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

In case of eye contact, rinse eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical attention.


Ingestion:

If ingested, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth with water.
Seek medical attention or contact a poison control center.


General Advice:

For all types of exposure, if symptoms persist or if there is uncertainty about the appropriate first aid measures, seek medical attention promptly.
If administering first aid, be aware of any potential hazards or reactions and take appropriate precautions.


Personal Protection:

When providing first aid, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize the risk of exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves and safety goggles, when handling PHMB to prevent skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Use in a well-ventilated area or under local exhaust ventilation to minimize inhalation exposure.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid skin and eye contact. In case of contact, follow the first aid measures outlined in the SDS.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling PHMB, even if gloves were worn.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In the event of a spill, contain the spill, and absorb with suitable materials.
Dispose of the waste according to local regulations.

Storage Compatibility:
Store PHMB away from incompatible materials.
Consult the SDS for information on substances that may react with PHMB.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store PHMB in a cool, dry place.
Check the specific temperature requirements mentioned in the SDS.

Original Container:
Keep PHMB in its original, tightly closed container when not in use.

Separation from Incompatible Materials:
Store PHMB away from strong acids, strong bases, and incompatible chemicals to prevent reactions.

Avoid Sunlight:
Protect PHMB from direct sunlight, as exposure to sunlight may degrade certain formulations.

Temperature Control:
Some formulations may have specific temperature requirements for storage.
Check and adhere to these requirements.

Storage Area Design:
Designate a specific storage area for PHMB to minimize the risk of accidental spills or exposure.

Access Control:
Limit access to the storage area to authorized personnel trained in the handling of PHMB.

Labeling:
Ensure proper labeling of containers with the product name, concentration, and any specific hazard warnings.

Keep Away from Children:
Store PHMB out of reach of children and unauthorized individuals.


Emergency Procedures:

Emergency Contacts:
Keep emergency contact information, including local poison control centers and medical facilities, readily available.

Emergency Equipment:
Ensure that emergency equipment, such as eye wash stations and safety showers, is accessible and in good working condition.

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is a guanidine derivative
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is used as a biocidal disinfectant, often in the form of its salt polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P).
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) also prevents biofouling.


CAS NUMBER: 31961-54-3

EC NUMBER: -

MOLECULAR FORMULA: (C7H15N3)n

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: -

IUPAC NAME: Poly(iminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl)


Studies have shown that Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) in solution has fungicidal as well as bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) also has detergent, anti-corrosive, and flocculant properties

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) also prevents biofouling.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is a white powdered solid, and as all polyguanidine salts, readily soluble in water

Uses:
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) was used in Russia to disinfect hospitals and from 2001 on, it was widely used in South Korea as a disinfectant to prevent microbial contamination in household humidifiers.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) was "originally marketed for cleaning a humidifier's water tank but instead used by the public as a water additive to suppress microbial growth."

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is a derivative of the polymeric guanidine family
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is known to be a potent bactericide

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is a positive charged oligomeric compound
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is also a polymeric compound

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) has been applied for many years in several industries
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) contains multiple guanidine groups and is known as a potent biocide with a broad spectrum of bioactivities

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is a positive charged oligomeric compound
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is also a polymeric compound

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) has been applied for many years in several industries
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) contains multiple guanidine groups and is known as a potent biocide with a broad spectrum of bioactivities

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is an antibacterial polymer containing a guanidine group in its main chain.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) dissolves in water easily

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) forms into colorless, odorless solution in water
This Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) chemical can be used as a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency disinfectant.

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is non-flammable
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is non-explosive
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is also non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.

Because of its unique bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) disinfectant is a high molecular polymer that can easily be washed away.

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is non-corrosive to the skin and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) performs good biocompatibility.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.

Features:
Broad spectrum kills and inhibits various types of microbial.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is odorless
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless, colorless transparent solution.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) has excellent stability.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) remains active after being heated at 280℃ for 15 min.

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is non-corrosive to metals.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is non-corrosive to copper, stainless steel, carbon steel, and other metals.

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG)'s Sterilization Mechanism:
1. The guanidine group in Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride performs a high activity, and the polymer itself is cationic.
Since bacteria and viruses are usually anionic, they are easily absorbed by Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride, cannot divide and reproduce, and finally turn inactive.

2. Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) collapses the cell membrane structure and forms transmembrane stomata.
Ultimately, it causes cell membrane rupture, disrupts the energy metabolism of the organism, and disables the bacteria and virus.

3. The polymer forms a film that closes off the breathing passages of microorganisms, causing them to suffocate and die.

The sterilization mechanism is not involved with the form and type of microorganisms.
Even if the microorganisms mutate, the mutation will not affect their efficacy.
Microorganisms do not produce resistance to Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG).

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) can efficiently kill bacterial propagules, fungi, and some viruses.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) can kill 99.0% E.coli on dishware after reacting for 1-5 min.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is increasingly used in disinfection products in daily life.

At the same time, Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) can also be used in disinfection of fruits and vegetables.
Since fruits and vegetables are directly edible products, non-irritating is necessary for disinfection in this field.
Compared with other chemical disinfection, Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is much more suitable

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) belongs to the polymeric guanidine family of biocides and contains a phosphate group, which may confer better solubility, a detoxifying effect and may change the kinetics and dynamics of PHMG-P interactions with microorganisms.
Limited data regarding Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) activity against periodontopathogenic and cariogenic microorganisms necessitates studies in this area.
Aim is to evaluate Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) antimicrobial activity in comparison to chlorhexidine.

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is used worldwide as an antimicrobial agent with broad spectra of activity
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is also used for treating pool water.

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is a chemical-based disinfectant
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is a member of the polymeric guanidine family

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) has proved to be a potent virucide and in vitro bactericide.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is odorless

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is noncorrosiv
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) has been shown to be nontoxic in an in vitro cytotoxicity study involving low concentrations

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is highly soluble in water.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is also used as an effective sporicidal disinfectant.

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) has thus been recommended for use in hospitals, laboratories, food industries, and households.
Currently, Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is recommended as a bactericidal and fungicidal disinfectant for the treatment of harvested cocoa beans, cooling systems, and also for the treatment of raw water to make it potable (ie, good for drinking without fear of poisoning or disease)

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is a member of the polymeric guanidine family
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is widely used as a biocide in the medicine

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is also used in agriculture
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is used in food industries because of its broad-spectrum antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) was used as humidifier disinfectants


-Chemical name: Polyhexamethylene Guanidine

-CAS Number: 31961-54-3

-Category: miscellaneous compounds

-Synonyms: Poly(iminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl); Polyhexamethyleneguanidine Polisept;

-Molecular form: (C7H15N3)n

-Molecular Weight: (141.22)n

-Storage: 2-8°C Refrigerator

-Shipping Conditions: Ambient

-Solubility in Water: 280 g/L


Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is used as a biocidal disinfectant
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) also prevents biofouling.

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) also has anti-corrosive property
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is known to be a potent bactericide

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is also a polymeric compound
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is a positive charged oligomeric compound

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) dissolves in water
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) forms into colorless

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is odorless solution
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is also non-corrosive to carbon steel

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) has excellent stability.

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is increasingly used in disinfection products in daily life.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is also used for treating pool water.

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) has proved to be a potent virucide and in vitro bactericide.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is highly soluble in water.

Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is also used as an effective sporicidal disinfectant.
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is widely used as a biocide in the medicine
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) is also used in agriculture


SYNONYMS:

Polyhexamethylene guanidine
phMg 99%
Polycide
PHMG 99% Solid Resin
Poly(iminoimidocarbonyliminohexamethylene)
Poly(iminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl)
Poly(iminoimidocarbonyliminohexamethylene) (8CI);
Korcid
Polisept
Polyhexamethyleneguanidine

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a white powdered solid, and as all polyguanidine salts, readily soluble in water.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a guanidine derivative that is used as a biocidal disinfectant, often in the form of its salt polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P).
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) also has detergent, anti-corrosive, and flocculant properties and prevents biofouling.

CAS Number: 31961-54-3
Molecular Formula: C21H45N9X2
Molecular Weight: 423.65

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a kind of colorless liquid.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is soluble in water and free of erosion.
Studies have shown that Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) in solution has fungicidal as well as bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is environmental-friendly and free from iodine, chlorine, aldehyde and alcohol.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) (PHMG) is an antibacterial polymer containing a guanidine group in its main chain.
It dissolves in water easily and forms into colorless, odorless solution.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) can be used as a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency disinfectant.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of its unique bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) disinfectant is a high molecular polymer that can easily be washed away.
It is non-corrosive to the skin and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) performs good biocompatibility.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is odorless and easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless, colorless transparent solution.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a chemical compound that has been used primarily as a disinfectant and antimicrobial agent in various applications.
It is known for its effectiveness in killing a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a polymer composed of repeating units of hexamethylene guanidine, which is a compound that consists of a guanidine group (an amino compound) and a hexamethylene group (a chain of six carbon atoms).

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) gained attention as a disinfectant and antimicrobial agent due to its broad-spectrum activity and relatively low toxicity compared to some other disinfectants.
It has been used in various industries and settings, including healthcare, agriculture, and household products.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)-based disinfectants have been used to control microbial growth on surfaces, textiles, and even in water treatment.

However, it's worth noting that there have been concerns and controversies surrounding the use of Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG).
In some instances, there have been reports of adverse health effects associated with its use, including respiratory issues and skin irritation.
Regulatory agencies in different countries have evaluated the safety of Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)-containing products, and in some cases, restrictions or bans have been imposed on their use due to potential health risks.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) 50% Solution has been widely used as a new generation of guanidine disinfectants, its derivatives.
In recent years, there are many research reports at home and abroad.
But the bactericidal effect is more excellent, which has been widely used in medical and health institutions, family life, food industry, animal husbandry and other fields.

Through more and more scholars' research on the properties and efficacy of guanidine disinfectant, its application has been developed continuously.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a polymer composed of repeating units of hexamethylene guanidine.
Each repeating unit consists of a hexamethylene chain (a chain of six carbon atoms) linked to a guanidine group, which is a functional group containing a terminal amino group (NH2).

The specific chemical structure of PHMG allows it to have both Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), which contributes to its effectiveness in various applications.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) Solution has high activity, which makes the polymer positive electric and easy to be adsorbed by bacteria and virus, thus inhibiting the division function of bacteria and virus and making it lose the ability of reproduction.
Moreover, the formation of Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) Solution blocks the respiration channel of microorganism and makes microorganism suffocate and die.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is known for its potent antimicrobial properties, meaning it has the ability to inhibit or kill microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
It is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, making it a versatile disinfectant.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) remains active after being heated at 280℃ for 15 min.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is non-corrosive to copper, stainless steel, carbon steel, and other metals.
The guanidine group in Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) performs a high activity, and the polymer itself is cationic.
Since bacteria and viruses are usually anionic, they are easily absorbed by Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), cannot divide and reproduce, and finally turn inactive.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) collapses the cell membrane structure and forms transmembrane stomata.
Ultimately, it causes cell membrane rupture, disrupts the energy metabolism of the organism, and disables the bacteria and virus.

The polymer forms a film that closes off the breathing passages of microorganisms, causing them to suffocate and die.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action, is capable of destroying bacteria dangerous to humans, including mycobacterium tuberculosis, legionellosis, E. coli bacteria, staphylococcus, streptococcus, salmonella, etc.

Appearance: Colorless or light yellow liquid
Active content: 25% Min.-99% Min.
Odor: None-Weak amine odor
pH: 5-9 (25℃)-10-11 (25% water solution)
Water solubility: Complete
Water insoluable: 0.1% Max.
Moisture: 0.5% Max.
Ash: 0.005%
Appearance
Active Components: 25%
Solubility in Water: Complete
Odor: No
Decomposition Temperature: >400 ° C
Taste (0.1% in Water): Slightly bitter

The damage mechanism of Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) to Escherichia coli cell membrane was studied by β-galactosidase activity analysis, fluorescein isothiocyanate confocal laser scanning microscope, automatic scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope.
The results showed that low dose Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) had slight damage to bacterial outer membrane and increased the permeability of cell membrane, but no fine particles were found the cells had obvious morphological damage.
High dose of Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) Solution can collapse the membrane structure, lead to the formation of transmembrane stomata, seriously damage the structure of the cell, break the cell membrane, and release the substances inside the cell.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) group has high activity, can make the polymer become positively charged, it is easy to be adsorbed by all kinds of bacteria and viruses that are negatively charged, thereby inhibiting the division function of bacteria and viruses, causing them to lose their reproductive ability.
Another active ingredient, hydrochloric acid, enhances the bactericidal ability.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is stable properties, excellent performance of being easily soluble in water; can be used at room temperature; With feature of low effective concentration; fast action speed.
It has no side effects; non-corrosive; colorless and odorless; non-flammable and non-explosive.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a stable polymer, it is not volatile and does not decompose; Be stored for a long time, and after the polyhexamethylene guanidine solution is dried, it can form a The thin polymer layer of the disinfectant can maintain the best state of the object after sterilization and prevent secondary pollution of the object.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a high molecular polymer, it is not easily absorbed by animal tissues, which greatly reduces the toxicity of polyhexamethylene guanidine and makes polyhexamethylene guanidine effective in higher organisms.
The cells have basically no effect. In addition, experiments have proved that polyhexamethylene guanidine can be degraded naturally and will not cause pollution to the environment.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) was initially developed as an antimicrobial agent and disinfectant in the late 20th century.
It gained attention for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and its potential to be used in various applications where controlling microbial growth is important.
The antimicrobial action of Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is thought to involve disruption of the cell membranes of microorganisms.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) molecules can interact with the lipid layers of cell membranes, leading to membrane destabilization and leakage of cellular components.
This disruption ultimately causes cell death.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) has demonstrated effectiveness against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative), viruses, and fungi.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)s broad-spectrum activity makes it useful for controlling different types of microbial infections and contamination.
Regulatory approaches to PHMG have varied by country and jurisdiction.
In some cases, Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)-containing products have been approved for use as disinfectants and antimicrobial agents, while in others, concerns about potential health risks have led to restrictions or bans on their use.

Uses
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) was used in Russia to disinfect hospitals and from 2001 on, it was widely used in South Korea as a disinfectant to prevent microbial contamination in household humidifiers.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) was originally marketed for cleaning a humidifier's water tank but instead used by the public as a water additive to suppress microbial growth.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) can efficiently kill bacterial propagules, fungi, and some viruses.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) can kill 99.0% E.coli on dishware after reacting for 1-5 min.
It is increasingly used in disinfection products in daily life.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) can also be used in disinfection of fruits and vegetables.

Since fruits and vegetables are directly edible products, non-irritating is necessary for disinfection in this field.
Compared with other chemical disinfection, Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is much more suitable.

As a Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) for the production of disinfectants; As a basis for the release of anti-mold products; In medical and veterinary disinfection; For disinfection in the food industry; For water purification and disinfection; For surface disinfection; To create biocidal paints, etc.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is used for disinfection of premises in children's and educational institutions, in hospitals, in transport, cleaning companies , as well as as an active ingredient in disinfectants in various industries: in agriculture; in the petrochemical industry;in the food industry; in animal husbandry;in construction; in the production of paintwork materials.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) Solution has good bactericidal effect on bacteria, fungi and some viruses.
However, due to the influence of many factors, Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) compounds as medical disinfectants are mainly compounded with alcohols and other synergistic components.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) disinfectant not only improves the germicidal efficacy, but also reduces the adverse reactions, which is more convenient for popularization and application.

Some scholars have studied the possibility of the compound of Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) Solution and didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide, ethanol, chlorhexidine acetate.
The results show that the Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) disinfectant has better germicidal efficacy.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)products have been used to disinfect surfaces in a variety of settings, including healthcare facilities, laboratories, and public spaces.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)s are intended to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on surfaces to prevent the spread of infections.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) has been incorporated into textiles and fabrics, such as hospital linens, uniforms, and carpets, to impart antimicrobial properties.
This helps prevent the growth of microorganisms on these surfaces, which can be particularly important in healthcare environments.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) has been used in water treatment processes to control microbial growth in water systems such as cooling towers, swimming pools, and industrial water supply systems.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) can help prevent the buildup of harmful bacteria and algae.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) products have been used in agriculture to protect crops from bacterial and fungal infections.

Some household cleaning products, personal care items (like shampoos and soaps), and disinfectant sprays have contained Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) as an antimicrobial agent to ensure the products' effectiveness against various microorganisms.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) has been used in air fresheners and sprays to neutralize odors by eliminating the bacteria that cause them.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) has found use in various industrial applications where microbial control is important to maintain product quality and safety.
It can be used in manufacturing processes and to disinfect equipment and facilities.
In regions where access to clean water and sanitation is limited, PHMG has been explored as a potential means to improve water quality and reduce the spread of waterborne diseases.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) Solution to disinfect tableware can make the total number of bacteria and coliform group on the tableware surface meet the requirements of relevant national health standards.
After 30 minutes, the value of E.coli pair on the surface of cucumber was decreased by 3.35, and the killing effect of natural bacteria on the surface of fruits and vegetables was also very good.
Compared with chlorine containing disinfectant or peroxide disinfectant, Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) Solution is much less toxic, corrosive and irritant, which is more beneficial to environmental protection.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is also widely used in the production of beverages, beer and food in foreign countries to disinfect pipes, containers and plant floors, and to remove algae from lakes, ponds, cooling towers and fountains.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) can also be used in oil exploitation and mildew prevention of interior and surface of various building materials.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) has been used for its antimicrobial properties, concerns have arisen regarding its potential health effects.

Reports of respiratory issues, skin irritation, and other adverse reactions have led to regulatory scrutiny in various countries.
Some studies have suggested that prolonged or excessive exposure to Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) could pose risks to human health.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a new type of polymer antibacterial agent, which is widely used in plastics, rubber, paints, adhesives, ceramics, fibers, textiles, home appliances, synthetic resins, and various PP, PVC, PE, PA, ABS, PS, PET and other plastics.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) used plastic products with antibacterial functions, such as refrigerator plastic shells, liners, telephone housings, computer keyboards, washing machine plastic parts, plastic switches, plastic cutting boards, chairs, fruit plates, children's toys, etc.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) used various daily-use enamel, ceramics, glass products with antibacterial function, such as bowls, plates, sanitary ware, drinking utensils, etc.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) used various chemical building materials: such as paint, paint, wallpaper, decorative materials, etc.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) disinfectants have been used to sanitize surfaces, equipment, and textiles.
They are commonly used in healthcare settings, food processing facilities, and other industries where microbial control is essential.
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) has been used in water treatment processes to control microbial growth in water systems, including cooling towers, swimming pools, and industrial water supply systems.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)-based products have been used to protect crops from bacterial and fungal infections, providing a means of disease control in agriculture.
Some household cleaning products and personal care items, such as shampoos and hand sanitizers, have included PHMG as an antimicrobial ingredient.

Industrial and Environmental Impact:
The environmental impact of Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)-containing products has also been a subject of concern.
Depending on their formulation and usage, these products can enter wastewater systems and potentially affect aquatic ecosystems.
Proper disposal and wastewater treatment are important considerations when using Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)-based products.

Hazards
Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG)-containing products, particularly those in aerosolized forms like sprays or mists, have been linked to respiratory irritation.
Exposure to these products in poorly ventilated areas or in high concentrations can lead to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort.
Unlike the related polymer polyhexanide (PHMB), Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) has been described as a relatively new compound with properties, potency, and effects being not yet fully recognized.

Preliminary findings indicate that Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) and its derivatives primarily rely on damaging the cell membrane by inhibiting the activity of cellular dehydrogenases.
When Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is aerosolized and inhaled, it harms the lungs, causing death of the cells lining the bronchioles and widespread damage to alveoli, along with bronchiolitis obliterans, an often fatal form of non-reversible obstructive lung disease in which the bronchiole are compressed and narrowed by fibrosis (scar tissue) and/or inflammation.

Allergic Reactions:
Some individuals may develop allergic reactions to Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG).
Skin contact with products containing Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) can lead to skin irritation, redness, itching, and rashes.
These reactions can be more common in individuals with sensitive skin or those who are predisposed to allergies.

Synonyms
polyhexamethyleneguanidine
31961-54-3
PHMG-p
PHMGu
polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride
polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate
Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate
Polysept
C060540

Polyhexanide, also known as polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), is a polymeric compound used for its antimicrobial properties.
Polyhexanide is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Polyhexanide is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.

CAS Number: 28757-47-3
Molecular Formula: C8H19N5.ClH
Molecular Weight: 221.734

Synonyms: Polihexanide, PHMB, Polyhexanide, 322U039GMF, Polihexanidum, Cosmoquil CQ, Prontoderm, Prontosan, Reputex 20, Trigene, Vantocil 1B, Vantocil TG, Vantosan, Caswell No. 676, Disinfecting Wet Wipe, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 111801, PHMB Disinfectant, PP 073, Polihexanido, Proxel IBCN Reputex 20CN Trigene, DTXSID2035726, Disposable Spray Disinfectant, HBA Anti bacterial Liquid, HBA Sanitary Wipes, HSDB 8471, MICROCARE MBG, PHMB polymer, POLIHEXANIDE (MART.), PURISTA, Polihexanido (INN-Spanish), Polihexanidum (INN-Latin), UNII-4XI6112496, poly(hexamethylene biguanide), polyhexamethylen-biguanide, polyhexamethylenbiguanid, polyhexamethylenbiguanide.

In dermatological use, it is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under the names Lavasept, Tebasept, Prontosan.
Polyhexanide has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Products containing PHMB are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.

Polyhexanide eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Polyhexanide is sold as a swimming pool and spa disinfectant in place of chlorine or bromine based products under the name Baquacil.
Polyhexanide is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.

Polyhexanide is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.
The Polyhexanide hydrochloride salt (solution) is used in the majority of formulations.
Polyhexanide is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. This article discusses the use of the substance as an antiseptic.

Polyhexanide is an unusual water-soluble polymer with five nitrogen atoms in each repeating unit, three of them in the polymer’s backbone.
Polyhexanide was first described in late 1960s in British, French, and South African patents to Imperial Chemical Industries (London).
Since its inception, Polyhexanide and its hydrochloride salt1 have been used for a wide range of sanitizing purposes.

Examples are protecting crops from molds and bacteria in the field and in storage, preserving meat and fish products, and sanitizing swimming pools.
In medicine, Polyhexanide has been used primarily for treating keratitis (corneal infection), but also for dressing wounds.
Polyhexanide has an incredible advantage over other microbicide substances: it has the highest therapeutic ratio (TB).

In other words, the relationship between the benefit and harm is mostly on the benefit side.
Polyhexanide is a topical medication used to cleanse and moisten acute and chronic skin wounds.
Available as a solution to irrigate wounds or as a gel that can be applied on wounds, betaine/polyhexanide is a combination of two medications that helps soften encrusted wounds, prevent wound infections and promote the healing of chronic or infected wounds that don’t heal.

Wounds may be caused by surgery, trauma, or as a result of diseases such as diabetes.
The disruption of the skin/internal tissues and the contact with the external environment may lead to microbial infection.
Wound dressings are capable of providing a protective barrier and accelerate the wound healing process

Polyhexanide, also known as PHMB, Polyhexamethylene guanidine, is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexanide renders it of potential interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry.
Polyhexanide is available also as a solid.

The antibacterial and antibacterial effect is stronger than alcohol, and is safer than hypochlorite water and Polyhexanide is stronger than hypochlorous acid water.
The disinfecting power when diluted 5 times longer is the same level as a general alcohol disinfectant.
Polyhexanide is an unusual water-soluble polymer with five nitrogen atoms in each repeating unit, three of them in the polymer’s backbone.

Polyhexanide was first described in late 1960s in British, French, and South African patents to Imperial Chemical Industries (London).
Polyhexanide is mainly used, which is mild and safe, and the sterilization rate is more than 99.9%.
Polyhexanide was first synthesized and characterized by ICI in England in the 1950s in the search for new malaria drugs.

Polyhexanide quickly became apparent that polyhexanide was not very effective against malaria, but had a very good antimicrobial effect against a broad germ spectrum.
Polyhexanide has since been successfully used in extremely different concentrations as a disinfectant in industrial processes and as a preservative in cosmetic and medical products.
Polyhexanide is one of the many antiseptics available in the medicine.

Polyhexanide is composed of repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide, giving it a polymeric structure.
Polihexanide has been used in trials studying the treatment, prevention, and supportive care of Caries, Neoplasm, Skin Diseases, Nail Diseases, and Dental Plaque, among others.
Polyhexanide is an antimicrobial agent active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Polyhexanide is used in antiseptic, disinfectant and cosmetics.
Polyhexanide has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae).
Polyhexanide a powerful antimicrobial agent that can reduce bioburden.

Rinsing liquid polyhexanide, in closed rinsing system; for decolonization and maintenance of an indwelling catheter.
A sterile, closed rinsing system consisting of a bag, a hose, a universal connector and roller clamp and filled with rinsing fluid containing 0.02% PHMB.

Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 347.7±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 59.2±3.0 kJ/mol
Flash Point: 164.1±23.2 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.550
Molar Refractivity: 51.1±0.5 cm3
#H bond acceptors: 5
#H bond donors: 6
#Freely Rotating Bonds: 6
#Rule of 5 Violations: 1

Polyhexanide consists of repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide, forming a polymeric structure.
Polyhexanide is typically available in aqueous solutions, where it is dissolved in water.
These solutions are usually clear and colorless.

Polyhexanide acts by binding to the negatively charged cell membranes of microorganisms, disrupting their integrity and causing leakage of cellular contents, which leads to cell death.
This action makes it effective against a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.
Polyhexanide is commonly used in wound irrigation solutions, gels, and dressings to prevent infection and promote healing.

Products like Prontosan are widely used in hospitals for wound management.
Polyhexanide is used for pre-operative skin disinfection and in surgical environments to maintain asepsis.
Included in contact lens cleaning solutions due to its antimicrobial properties, ensuring lenses are free from harmful microorganisms.

Polyhexanide is used as a biocide to control algae and bacterial growth, ensuring water is safe and clean.
Helps prevent the buildup of biofilms and controls microbial contamination in cooling towers and other industrial water systems.
Added to cosmetics and personal care products to prevent microbial growth and extend shelf life.

Incorporated in disinfecting wipes for personal hygiene and cleaning surfaces.
Polyhexanide is used in disinfecting sprays and wipes to maintain cleanliness and hygiene in critical areas.
General Cleaning: Effective for sanitizing surfaces in homes, offices, and public spaces.

Polyhexanide is generally considered safe for use in the concentrations typically found in consumer and medical products.
Polyhexanide is approved by various regulatory agencies:
Registered for use as a disinfectant and biocide in the United States.

Approved for use in medical devices and wound care products.
Approved for similar uses in Europe.
Effective against a wide range of microorganisms.

Safe for human cells at recommended concentrations.
Does not damage surfaces or materials it comes into contact with.
Suitable for use in medical applications due to its compatibility with human tissues.

Although rare, there is a possibility of microbial resistance with prolonged use.
May be more expensive than other biocides and disinfectants, depending on the formulation and application.
Polyhexanide removes biofilm (coating on the catheter) and prevents the biofilm from forming again quickly.

The universal connector is sterile and has a protective cap.
Polyhexanide is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
Polyhexanide is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.

Polyhexanide hydrochloride salt (solution) is used in the majority of formulations.
Polyhexanide has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Products containing Polyhexanide are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.

Polyhexanide eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Polyhexanide is sold as a swimming pool and spa disinfectant in place of chlorine or bromine based products under the name Baquacil.

Polyhexanide is mainly used, which is mild and safe, and the sterilization rate is more than 99.9%.
Polyhexanide can effectively kill bacteria and viruses in the air.
Polyhexanide is used in wound care products, such as disinfectants and antiseptic solutions, due to its ability to prevent infections.

Polyhexanide is utilized in swimming pools, hot tubs, and industrial water systems to control microbial growth.
Included in some contact lens cleaning solutions and cosmetics for its preservative qualities.
Employed in disinfecting wipes and sprays for cleaning and sanitizing surfaces in various settings.

Polyhexanide is known for its high efficacy at low concentrations and its relatively low toxicity to human cells, making it suitable for use in medical and personal care products.
Polyhexanide works by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their destruction.
Approved for use in various applications by health and safety regulatory bodies around the world, including the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in the United States.

Polyhexanide is classified as category 2 carcinogen by the European Chemical Agency, but it is still allowed in cosmetics in small quantities if exposure by inhalation is impossible.
In May 2024, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the European Medicines Agency adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Akantior, intended for the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis, a severe, progressive and sight threatening corneal infection characterized by intense pain and photophobia.
Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare disease primarily affecting contact lens wearers.

Uses:
Polyhexanide is used to clean and disinfect wounds, reducing the risk of infection.
Wound Dressings and Gels: Incorporated into dressings and gels (e.g., Prontosan) to promote healing and prevent microbial growth.
Polyhexanide applied to the skin before surgery to reduce the risk of surgical site infections.

Polyhexanide is used in disinfecting wipes and sprays to maintain aseptic conditions in surgical and other critical areas.
Included in solutions for cleaning and disinfecting contact lenses, ensuring they are free from harmful microorganisms.
Controls algae, bacteria, and other microorganisms to maintain clean and safe water.

Prevents the formation of biofilms and controls microbial contamination in cooling towers and other industrial water systems.
Added to products such as lotions, creams, and makeup to prevent microbial growth and extend shelf life.
Polyhexanide is used in disinfecting wipes for personal use to ensure cleanliness and reduce the risk of infection.

Utilized in sprays and wipes to disinfect surfaces in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare settings.
Effective for sanitizing surfaces in homes, offices, schools, and other public spaces.
Applied to fabrics to provide antimicrobial properties, useful in healthcare uniforms, sportswear, and other applications where hygiene is important.

Polyhexanide is used to disinfect food processing equipment and surfaces to ensure food safety and prevent contamination.
Used for cleaning and treating wounds in animals to prevent infection.
Used in various public health initiatives to disinfect surfaces and environments to control the spread of infectious diseases.

Included in the manufacturing processes of various products to prevent microbial contamination and extend product life.
Used in disinfecting wet wipes for hands, surfaces, and other uses.
Employed in portable disinfectant sprays for easy and quick disinfection.

Registered and used as a disinfectant and biocide under this code.
Complies with various international standards for use in healthcare, personal care, and other industries.
Used in hydrogels to keep wounds moist and reduce microbial load, promoting faster healing.

Incorporated in solutions for cleaning chronic wounds, ulcers, and burns.
Used to disinfect medical equipment and surfaces to prevent hospital-acquired infections.
Included in hand sanitizers used by healthcare professionals for effective hand hygiene.

Polyhexanide is used in mouthwashes to reduce oral bacteria and prevent infections, particularly after dental procedures.
Applied in disinfecting solutions for dental instruments and surfaces in dental clinics.
Formulated in antimicrobial body washes for enhanced hygiene.

Used in antibacterial hand soaps and gels for everyday use.
Incorporated into deodorants to control bacterial growth and reduce body odor.
Included in baby wipes for gentle and effective cleansing while preventing rashes and infections.

Polyhexanide is used in cleaning and disinfecting products to maintain hygiene in schools, daycare centers, and other institutions.
Applied in disinfecting solutions for buses, trains, and other public transport vehicles to control the spread of pathogens.
Included in household disinfectants for cleaning various surfaces like countertops, sinks, and floors.

Formulated in bathroom cleaning products to effectively remove and prevent mold, mildew, and bacterial growth.
Applied to hospital linens, curtains, and uniforms to reduce the risk of microbial transmission.
Polyhexanide is used in athletic clothing to prevent odor-causing bacteria and extend the freshness of garments.

Included in laundry additives to disinfect clothes and prevent the spread of infections through textiles.
Used in products for cleaning and treating wounds in pets, such as dogs and cats.
Applied in disinfectants for treating and preventing infections in farm animals.

Used in cleaning solutions for veterinary clinics and animal shelters to maintain a sanitary environment.
Polyhexanide is used in sanitizing solutions for food processing equipment to ensure safety and hygiene.
Applied to disinfect surfaces in food preparation areas to prevent contamination.

Incorporated into packaging materials to extend the shelf life of perishable goods by preventing microbial growth.
Polyhexanide is used in the manufacturing of various products to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.
Applied in industrial cooling systems to control microbial growth and biofilm formation.

Polyhexanide is used in cleaning and disinfecting HVAC systems to improve air quality and prevent the spread of airborne pathogens.
Applied in mold remediation products to eliminate mold and mildew in buildings.
Studied for use in developing antimicrobial coatings for medical devices and implants.

Explored in research for its potential use in controlled drug delivery systems due to its biocompatibility.
Included in travel-sized disinfectant sprays and wipes for personal use during travel.
Polyhexanide is used in disinfecting solutions for gym equipment, yoga mats, and other recreational gear.

Applied in cleaning solutions for optical lenses and electronic devices to prevent microbial contamination.
Polyhexanide is marketed under various brand and product names, including:
For wound care and irrigation.

Polyhexanide is used in hydrogels to keep wounds moist and reduce microbial load, promoting faster healing.
Incorporated in solutions for cleaning chronic wounds, ulcers, and burns.
Used to disinfect medical equipment and surfaces to prevent hospital-acquired infections.

Included in hand sanitizers used by healthcare professionals for effective hand hygiene.
Polyhexanide is used in mouthwashes to reduce oral bacteria and prevent infections, particularly after dental procedures.
Applied in disinfecting solutions for dental instruments and surfaces in dental clinics.

Formulated in antimicrobial body washes for enhanced hygiene.
Polyhexanide is used in antibacterial hand soaps and gels for everyday use.
Incorporated into deodorants to control bacterial growth and reduce body odor.

Included in baby wipes for gentle and effective cleansing while preventing rashes and infections.
Polyhexanide is used in cleaning and disinfecting products to maintain hygiene in schools, daycare centers, and other institutions.
Applied in disinfecting solutions for buses, trains, and other public transport vehicles to control the spread of pathogens.

Included in household disinfectants for cleaning various surfaces like countertops, sinks, and floors.
Formulated in bathroom cleaning products to effectively remove and prevent mold, mildew, and bacterial growth.
Applied to hospital linens, curtains, and uniforms to reduce the risk of microbial transmission.

Polyhexanide is used in athletic clothing to prevent odor-causing bacteria and extend the freshness of garments.
Included in laundry additives to disinfect clothes and prevent the spread of infections through textiles.
Used in products for cleaning and treating wounds in pets, such as dogs and cats.

Applied in disinfectants for treating and preventing infections in farm animals.
Polyhexanide is used in cleaning solutions for veterinary clinics and animal shelters to maintain a sanitary environment.
Used in sanitizing solutions for food processing equipment to ensure safety and hygiene.

Applied to disinfect surfaces in food preparation areas to prevent contamination.
Incorporated into packaging materials to extend the shelf life of perishable goods by preventing microbial growth.
Polyhexanide is used in the manufacturing of various products to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.

Applied in industrial cooling systems to control microbial growth and biofilm formation.
Polyhexanide is used in cleaning and disinfecting HVAC systems to improve air quality and prevent the spread of airborne pathogens.
Applied in mold remediation products to eliminate mold and mildew in buildings.

Studied for use in developing antimicrobial coatings for medical devices and implants.
Explored in research for its potential use in controlled drug delivery systems due to its biocompatibility.
Included in travel-sized disinfectant sprays and wipes for personal use during travel.

Polyhexanide is used in disinfecting solutions for gym equipment, yoga mats, and other recreational gear.
Applied in cleaning solutions for optical lenses and electronic devices to prevent microbial contamination.
Polyhexanide is marketed under various brand and product names, including: For wound care and irrigation, For cosmetic and personal care applications, For industrial and institutional disinfection, For skin and wound disinfection.

Safety Profile:
Polyhexanide can cause skin irritation in some individuals, especially with prolonged exposure or at higher concentrations.
Although rare, some people may develop allergic reactions to PHMB, resulting in redness, itching, and swelling.
Direct contact with the eyes can cause irritation, redness, and discomfort.

Proper protective measures, such as goggles, should be used when handling PHMB solutions.
Inhalation of PHMB dust or mist can irritate the respiratory tract.
Polyhexanide is important to use adequate ventilation and respiratory protection in environments where PHMB is being aerosolized or sprayed.

Ingestion of Polyhexanide can be harmful and may cause gastrointestinal distress, nausea, and vomiting.
Polyhexanide is important to keep products containing PHMB out of reach of children and to follow safety instructions for use.

Polyhexanide, also known as Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), is a chemical compound belonging to the class of biguanides.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is widely used as an antimicrobial agent and disinfectant due to its broad-spectrum activity against various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.

CAS Number: 32289-58-0
EC Number: 608-723-9

Synonyms: PHMB, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene biguanidine, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Polyaminopropyl biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanidine, Polyhexamethylene dihydrochloride, Polyhexanidine, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide HCl, Polyaminopropyl biguanide dihydrochloride, PHMB hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine dihydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene guanidine dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine HCl, Polyhexamethylene guanidine dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine, Polyaminopropyl biguanide hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide dihydrochloride, Polyhexanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide dihydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide HCl, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanide dihydrochloride, Polyhexanidine hydrochloride, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine HCl, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine, Polyaminopropyl biguanidine hydrochloride



APPLICATIONS


Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is widely used as a disinfectant in healthcare settings.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is commonly employed to clean and disinfect medical equipment and surfaces.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) finds extensive use in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities to prevent the spread of infections.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is particularly valuable in wound care for preventing and treating infections in open wounds.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is incorporated into wound dressings and gels to promote wound healing while minimizing infection risk.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in contact lens solutions for disinfecting and cleaning contact lenses.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is also found in various personal care products such as hand sanitizers, mouthwashes, and skincare formulations.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is effective in preventing infections and controlling microbial growth in both clinical and personal care settings.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in veterinary medicine for disinfecting animal housing, equipment, and surgical instruments.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used topically in animals to treat skin infections and wounds.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) finds applications in agriculture for disinfecting greenhouse surfaces, irrigation systems, and agricultural equipment.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in aquaculture to control bacterial and fungal infections in fish and shellfish.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is found in household disinfectants and cleaning products for its antimicrobial properties.
Polyhexanide is applied in swimming pools and spas to control bacterial and algal growth.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in water treatment systems for disinfecting drinking water and wastewater.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the preservation of industrial products such as paints, coatings, and adhesives.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is incorporated into antifungal coatings for building materials and textiles.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) finds applications in the preservation of cosmetics and personal care products.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the preservation of food and beverages to extend shelf life and prevent spoilage.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the production of antimicrobial textiles for various industries.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in wound irrigation solutions for emergency medical care.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the treatment of burns and scalds to prevent infection and promote healing.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is applied in the treatment of respiratory infections and other infectious diseases.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) plays a crucial role in maintaining cleanliness, preventing infections, and promoting public health across various sectors.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in the production of wound debridement solutions for removing necrotic tissue and debris.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) finds applications in the treatment of ear infections and otitis externa in both humans and animals.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is incorporated into wound irrigation solutions for cleansing and disinfecting wounds during medical procedures.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in dental care products such as mouthwashes and dental rinses to reduce oral bacteria and prevent gum diseases.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the treatment of fungal infections such as athlete's foot and nail fungus.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the production of antimicrobial coatings for medical devices, implants, and surgical instruments.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is applied in the manufacture of disinfectant wipes and towelettes for convenient surface disinfection.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the treatment of skin conditions such as acne and folliculitis to reduce bacterial colonization.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is incorporated into ophthalmic solutions to prevent contamination and microbial growth.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the treatment of animal wounds and skin infections in veterinary medicine.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the preservation of industrial water systems to control microbial growth and biofilm formation.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is applied in the treatment of burns and scalds to prevent infection and promote wound healing.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the preservation of cosmetics and toiletry products to prevent microbial contamination.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is applied in the preservation of industrial fluids such as cutting oils, lubricants, and hydraulic fluids.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in the treatment of fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) to inhibit fungal growth.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the production of wound irrigation solutions for use in emergency medical care.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the treatment of eye infections such as conjunctivitis and keratitis.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is applied in the preservation of household products such as cleaning solutions, detergents, and fabric softeners.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the production of antifungal coatings for building materials and textiles.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the treatment of surgical site infections to prevent post-operative complications.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is used in the preservation of water-based paints, coatings, and adhesives to prevent microbial contamination.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is applied in the treatment of respiratory infections such as sinusitis and bronchitis.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is employed in the treatment of swimming pool and spa water to control bacterial and algal growth.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in various industrial applications where effective disinfection and microbial control are required.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) serves as a versatile antimicrobial agent with applications spanning across healthcare, personal care, veterinary medicine, agriculture, and industrial sectors.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is odorless and colorless, making it suitable for use in a wide range of formulations.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) remains effective even in the presence of organic matter, making it suitable for use in various environmental conditions.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is compatible with a wide range of materials commonly used in healthcare and personal care products.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is known for its low toxicity and is considered safe for topical use when used appropriately.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) penetrates microbial biofilms, making it effective in inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is often used in combination with other antimicrobial agents for synergistic effects.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is biodegradable under aerobic conditions, contributing to its environmentally friendly profile.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is recommended for use in infection control protocols and wound management guidelines.
Healthcare professionals rely on Polyhexanide for its role in preventing healthcare-associated infections.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is well-studied and has been extensively researched for its safety and efficacy.
Its broad-spectrum activity makes it valuable in various industries beyond healthcare, including veterinary medicine, agriculture, and water treatment.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is non-corrosive and does not damage surfaces or medical equipment.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is effective against antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, making it an important tool in combating antimicrobial resistance.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is widely recognized as a safe and effective antimicrobial agent for various applications.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) plays a vital role in maintaining cleanliness, preventing infections, and promoting public health across various sectors.

DESCRIPTION


Polyhexanide, also known as Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), is a chemical compound belonging to the class of biguanides.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is widely used as an antimicrobial agent and disinfectant due to its broad-spectrum activity against various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.

The chemical structure of Polyhexanide consists of repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide, with a hydrochloride salt group attached.
This structure gives it the ability to disrupt the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their destruction.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is commonly utilized in healthcare settings for disinfecting medical equipment, surfaces, and wounds.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is also found in various personal care products, such as hand sanitizers, mouthwashes, and skincare formulations, for its antimicrobial properties.

In addition to its applications in healthcare and personal care, Polyhexanide is used in other industries, including veterinary medicine, agriculture, water treatment, and industrial preservation.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) plays a crucial role in infection control, wound management, and general hygiene practices due to its effectiveness against a wide range of pathogens.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is a potent antimicrobial agent widely used for disinfection purposes.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) possesses strong activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some protozoa.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is often employed in healthcare settings for its effectiveness in preventing infections.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is particularly valuable in wound care for its ability to prevent and treat infections in open wounds.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is commonly found in wound dressings and gels to promote wound healing while minimizing the risk of infection.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is utilized in various personal care products such as hand sanitizers, mouthwashes, and skincare formulations.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is known for its stability and long-lasting antimicrobial activity, making it a preferred choice in many applications.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) works by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their destruction.

Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is typically well-tolerated by the skin and mucous membranes when used as directed.
Polyhexanide (Polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is often incorporated into contact lens solutions to disinfect and clean contact lenses effectively.




PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Typically a clear, colorless liquid or solid.
Odor: Odorless or may have a faint characteristic odor.
Melting Point: Typically ranges from 145°C to 155°C.
Boiling Point: Decomposes before reaching a specific boiling point.
Density: Approximately 1.1 to 1.2 g/cm³.
Solubility: Soluble in water and many organic solvents.
pH: Typically acidic in aqueous solutions, with a pH range of 4 to 6.
Vapor Pressure: Low vapor pressure at room temperature.
Viscosity: Varies depending on concentration and temperature.
Molecular Weight: Approximately 500 to 1000 g/mol.
Hygroscopicity: May absorb moisture from the atmosphere.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: (C8H17N5)n • HCl, where n represents the number of repeating units.
Molecular Structure: Contains repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide with a hydrochloride salt group.
Ionic Character: Forms positively charged biguanide groups in aqueous solutions.
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions but may degrade upon exposure to extreme pH, temperature, or light.
Reactivity: Generally compatible with most common materials but may react with strong oxidizing agents or reducing agents.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water but may have limited solubility in non-polar solvents.
Flammability: Non-flammable under normal conditions.
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive to most metals and materials.
Toxicity: Low acute toxicity but should be handled with care to avoid ingestion or prolonged skin contact.
Biodegradability: Considered biodegradable under aerobic conditions, but persistence in the environment may vary.
Photostability: May degrade upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Compatibility: Generally compatible with other chemicals used in formulations, but compatibility testing is recommended.
Chelating Properties: May exhibit chelating properties with certain metal ions.
Oxidation State: Contains nitrogen atoms in both the +1 and +4 oxidation states within the biguanide structure.
Hydrolysis: Stable under neutral and acidic conditions but may undergo hydrolysis under alkaline conditions.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Assist with breathing if necessary. Provide oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Seek medical attention promptly. Transport the individual to a medical facility for further evaluation and treatment.


Skin Contact:

Immediately remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Rinse the affected area thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use soap or mild detergent to cleanse the skin thoroughly, ensuring that all traces of the chemical are removed.
If irritation persists or if skin damage is evident, seek medical attention promptly.
Cover the affected area with a clean, dry dressing to prevent further contamination and irritation.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing of the eyes.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, during the flushing process.
Seek immediate medical attention, and transport the individual to an eye care professional for further evaluation and treatment.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and drink plenty of water to dilute any remaining chemical.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.
Do not administer any oral fluids or medications unless directed by a healthcare professional.


Notes to Physician:

Provide the physician with information regarding the type and extent of exposure.
Monitor the individual for any signs or symptoms of systemic toxicity.
Treat symptoms accordingly based on the individual's condition and response to exposure.
Administer supportive care and appropriate medical interventions as necessary.


Protection of First Responders:

First responders should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the area of exposure to prevent the buildup of vapors or fumes.
Prevent further exposure to the chemical by following proper handling procedures and containment measures.


Environmental Precautions:

Prevent the chemical from entering waterways, sewers, or soil to avoid environmental contamination.
Contain and collect any spilled material using appropriate absorbents and containment measures.
Dispose of contaminated materials in accordance with local regulations and guidelines.


Fire and Explosion Hazards:

Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (Polyhexanide) is not flammable under normal conditions.
In case of fire involving other materials, use appropriate extinguishing agents such as water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide (CO2).


Accidental Release Measures:

Contain the spillage to prevent further spread of the chemical.
Absorb spilled material with inert absorbents such as sand, vermiculite, or commercial absorbent pads.
Collect spilled material in appropriate containers for disposal according to local regulations.


Handling and Storage:

Handle Polyhexanide with care to prevent spills and accidental exposure.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Follow proper handling procedures to minimize the risk of exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Precautions:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling Polyhexanide.
Use respiratory protection if there is a risk of inhalation exposure, especially in poorly ventilated areas.
Avoid skin contact and eye exposure by wearing suitable protective gear.

Ventilation:
Work with Polyhexanide in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure to vapors or aerosols.
Use local exhaust ventilation or mechanical ventilation systems to control airborne concentrations of the chemical.
Ensure adequate airflow in confined spaces or areas with limited ventilation.

Handling Procedures:
Handle Polyhexanide with caution to prevent spills and accidental exposure.
Use appropriate handling techniques, such as pouring slowly and avoiding splashing or aerosolization of the chemical.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Polyhexanide to prevent ingestion or inhalation of the chemical.

Storage Compatibility:
Store Polyhexanide away from incompatible materials such as strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.
Separate from food and feedstuffs to prevent contamination.
Store in a dedicated area with proper containment measures to prevent spills and leaks.

Container Handling:
Use containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass, for storing Polyhexanide.
Ensure that containers are tightly closed and properly labeled with the chemical name, concentration, hazard symbols, and handling precautions.
Do not reuse empty containers unless properly cleaned and decontaminated.


Storage Conditions:

Temperature:
Store Polyhexanide in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, as it may affect the stability and efficacy of the chemical.

Humidity:
Keep containers tightly closed to prevent moisture ingress and potential degradation of Polyhexanide.
Store in a humidity-controlled environment, if possible, to maintain product integrity.

Light Exposure:
Protect Polyhexanide from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, as it may degrade the chemical over time.
Store in opaque or light-resistant containers to minimize light-induced degradation.

Accessibility:
Store containers of Polyhexanide in a location easily accessible for handling and retrieval.
Keep storage areas organized and free from clutter to facilitate inventory management and emergency response.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas containing Polyhexanide to authorized personnel only.
Implement security measures to prevent theft, vandalism, or unauthorized use of the chemical.

Emergency Preparedness:
Keep emergency spill control materials, such as absorbents, neutralizing agents, and personal protective equipment, readily available in the storage area.
Develop and implement an emergency response plan for handling spills, leaks, or accidental exposures to Polyhexanide.

PAPE; PAE; Polyol phosphate ester; Polyhydric alcohol phosphate ester CAS NO:8619-19-2

POLYHYDROXYSTEARIC ACID N° CAS : 27924-99-8 / 58128-22-6 Nom INCI : POLYHYDROXYSTEARIC ACID N° EINECS/ELINCS : - / - Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile)

POLYIMIDE-1 N° CAS : 497926-97-3 Nom INCI : POLYIMIDE-1 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles

POLYISOBUTENE; N° CAS : 9003-27-4; Origine(s) : Synthétique, Minérale; Nom INCI : POLYISOBUTENE. Noms français : 1-PROPENE, 2-METHYL-, HOMOPOLYMER; 2-METHYLOPROPENE POLYMER; 2-METHYLPROPENE POLYMER; ISOBUTENE HOMOPOLYMER; ISOBUTENE POLYMER; ISOBUTYLENE HOMOPOLYMER; ISOBUTYLENE POLYMER; POLY (2-METHYLPROPENE); POLY(2-METHYLPROPENE); POLY(ISOBUTYLENE); POLYISOBUTENE; Polyisobutylene; POLYISOBUTYLENES; Polyisobutylène; PROPENE, 2-METHYL-, POLYMERS. Noms anglais : Polyisobutylene. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Polymère et fabrication de polymères; Nom chimique : Homopolymer of 2-methyl-1 propene. Classification : Huile Minérale. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques; Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles; Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

cas no 9003-27-4 1-Propene, 2-methyl-, homopolymer; 1-Propene, 2-methyl-, homopolymer(C4H8)x, x = 17; 2-Methyl-1-propene, homopolymer; 2-Methylpropene polymer.

Polyisobutene is a synthetic polymer derived from the monomer isobutylene.
Polyisobutene is a type of elastomer or synthetic rubber that has a wide range of applications across various industries.

CAS Number: 9003-27-4
EC Number: 618-360-8

Poly(isobutylene), PIB, Isobutylene Polymer, Isobutene Polymer, Butyl Rubber, Butyl Elastomer, Butyl Isoprene Rubber, Polyisobutylenes, Poly(isobutene), Isobutylene-Isoprene Copolymer, Polyisobutylene (PIB), Isobutene-Isoprene Copolymer, Polybutene, Butene Polymer, 2-methylpropene Polymer, Butylene Polymer, Poly(isobutylene) rubber, Polyisobutylene Rubber, Polyisobutylene Resin, Isobutylene-Isoprene Rubber, Polyisobutylene Liquid, Polybutylene, Butyl Polymer, Butyl Resin, Butyl Adhesive, Butyl Sealant, Polyisobutene Emulsion, Isobutene-Isoprene Resin, Poly(isobutylene) Emulsion, Isobutylene-Isoprene Resin, Butyl Seal, Polyisobutylene Oil, Isobutylene-Isoprene Oil, Butyl Oil, Butyl Lubricant, Poly(isobutene) Oil, Polyisobutylene Lubricant, Isobutylene-Isoprene Lubricant, Butyl Additive, Polyisobutene Additive, Isobutylene-Isoprene Additive, Butyl Compound, Poly(isobutylene) Compound, Isobutylene-Isoprene Compound, Polyisobutylene Adhesive, Poly(isobutene) Adhesive, Isobutylene-Isoprene Adhesive



APPLICATIONS


Polyisobutene is commonly used as a sealant in construction and automotive industries.
Polyisobutene is employed as an adhesive in various applications, including packaging and manufacturing.

Polyisobutene serves as a key ingredient in the production of butyl rubber for tire manufacturing.
Polyisobutene is utilized in the formulation of chewing gum for its elasticity and texture.

Polyisobutene is used in the production of transdermal patches for drug delivery applications.
Polyisobutene is employed as a binder in the formulation of paints and coatings.
This polymer is used in the production of adhesives for labels and tapes.

Polyisobutene serves as a lubricant additive in automotive and industrial lubricants.
Polyisobutene is utilized in the formulation of hydraulic fluids for machinery and equipment.
Polyisobutene is employed in the production of electrical insulation materials.

Polyisobutene is used as a fuel additive to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
Polyisobutene is utilized in the formulation of cosmetic and personal care products, such as lipsticks and mascaras.

Polyisobutene serves as a key ingredient in the production of food-grade lubricants for machinery in the food industry.
Polyisobutene is used in the formulation of pharmaceutical products for controlled release applications.

Polyisobutene is employed in the production of synthetic lubricants for machinery and equipment.
Polyisobutene serves as a binder in the formulation of ink and printing toners.

Polyisobutene is utilized in the production of synthetic rubber products, such as conveyor belts and hoses.
Polyisobutene is employed in the formulation of adhesive bandages and wound dressings for medical applications.
Polyisobutene is used in the production of synthetic fibers for textiles and clothing.

Polyisobutene serves as a key ingredient in the formulation of industrial coatings for corrosion protection.
Polyisobutene is employed in the production of packaging materials, such as films and wraps.

Polyisobutene is utilized in the formulation of chewing gum base for its elasticity and texture.
Polyisobutene serves as a sealant in the construction of buildings and structures.

Polyisobutene is employed as a binding agent in the formulation of pharmaceutical tablets and capsules.
Overall, Polyisobutene finds applications across a wide range of industries due to its versatility and unique properties.

Polyisobutene is utilized in the production of fuel system components such as fuel hoses and seals in automobiles and aircraft.
Polyisobutene is used as a component in the formulation of lubricating greases for various industrial and automotive applications.
Polyisobutene serves as a thickening agent in the formulation of greases and pastes for lubricating and sealing applications.

Polyisobutene is employed in the production of damping materials used in automotive suspension systems to reduce noise and vibrations.
Polyisobutene is utilized in the manufacture of pressure-sensitive adhesives for tapes, labels, and stickers.

Polyisobutene serves as a processing aid in the production of plastics and elastomers to improve flow properties and processing conditions.
Polyisobutene is employed in the formulation of anti-foaming agents used in industrial processes such as oil refining and wastewater treatment.
Polyisobutene is used as a component in the formulation of anti-corrosion coatings for metal surfaces in marine and industrial applications.

Polyisobutene serves as a base material for the production of synthetic rubber compounds used in the manufacture of tires, conveyor belts, and industrial hoses.
Polyisobutene is utilized in the production of vibration-damping materials used in automotive and aerospace applications.

Polyisobutene is employed in the formulation of encapsulants and potting compounds used in electronic and electrical applications.
Polyisobutene is used as a viscosity modifier in the formulation of hydraulic fluids and transmission fluids for automotive and industrial equipment.

Polyisobutene serves as a base material for the production of high-performance elastomeric seals and gaskets used in automotive, aerospace, and industrial applications.
Polyisobutene is utilized in the formulation of mold release agents used in plastic and rubber molding processes.
Polyisobutene is employed in the production of damping materials used in the construction of buildings and infrastructure to reduce noise and vibrations.

Polyisobutene serves as a component in the formulation of anti-blocking agents used in plastic films and coatings to prevent sticking and blocking during storage and handling.
Polyisobutene is used in the production of insulation materials for thermal and acoustic insulation applications in buildings and appliances.
Polyisobutene is employed as a processing aid in the production of rubber compounds to improve mixing and dispersion of fillers and additives.

Polyisobutene serves as a base material for the production of butyl-based adhesives and sealants used in automotive, construction, and industrial applications.
Polyisobutene is utilized in the formulation of waterproofing membranes and coatings used in roofing and construction applications.
Polyisobutene is employed in the production of anti-fogging agents used in automotive and marine windshields and mirrors.

Polyisobutene serves as a component in the formulation of foam stabilizers used in the production of polyurethane and polystyrene foam products.
Polyisobutene is used in the formulation of anti-stick coatings used in cookware, bakeware, and food processing equipment.
Polyisobutene is employed in the production of surfactants and emulsifiers used in the formulation of detergents, personal care products, and industrial cleaners.
Overall, Polyisobutene is a versatile polymer with a wide range of applications across industries, contributing to the performance, durability, and functionality of various products and materials.



DESCRIPTION


Polyisobutene is a synthetic polymer derived from the monomer isobutylene.
Polyisobutene is a type of elastomer or synthetic rubber that has a wide range of applications across various industries.
Polyisobutene is known for its flexibility, durability, and resistance to heat, chemicals, and weathering, making it suitable for numerous purposes.

Polyisobutene is a versatile synthetic polymer with a wide range of applications.
Polyisobutene is known for its excellent flexibility and durability.
Polyisobutene exhibits high resistance to heat, chemicals, and weathering.

Polyisobutene is commonly used as a sealant due to its ability to form strong bonds with various surfaces.
Polyisobutene is often employed in adhesive formulations for its adhesive properties.
Polyisobutene can act as a lubricant, reducing friction between moving parts.

Polyisobutene is utilized in the production of butyl rubber, which is valued for its impermeability to gases.
Polyisobutene is often found in automotive applications, such as tire inner liners and gaskets.
Polyisobutene is used in the construction industry for sealing and waterproofing purposes.

Polyisobutene serves as a key ingredient in the manufacture of chewing gum for its elasticity and chewiness.
Polyisobutene is employed in the production of transdermal patches for drug delivery.

Polyisobutene is used in the formulation of cosmetic and personal care products, such as lipsticks and lip balms.
Polyisobutene can be found in medical applications, including adhesive bandages and wound dressings.

Polyisobutene is utilized in the production of fuel additives to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
Polyisobutene is valued for its low gas permeability, making it suitable for packaging materials.
Polyisobutene is used in the production of synthetic lubricants for machinery and equipment.

Polyisobutene is employed in the production of electrical insulation materials due to its dielectric properties.
Polyisobutene can be found in the formulation of food-grade lubricants for machinery in the food industry.

Polyisobutene is used in the production of ink and printing toners for its adhesive properties.
Polyisobutene serves as a binder in the formulation of paints and coatings for improved durability.

Polyisobutene is utilized in the production of chewing gum base for its elasticity and texture.
Polyisobutene is employed in the formulation of hydraulic fluids for its lubricating
Polyisobutene is used in the production of synthetic rubber products, such as conveyor belts and hoses.

Polyisobutene is employed in the formulation of pharmaceutical products for controlled release applications.
Overall, Polyisobutene is a versatile polymer with diverse applications across industries due to its unique combination of properties.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: (C4H8)n (where n represents the number of repeating units in the polymer chain)
Molecular Weight: Varies depending on the polymerization degree and chain length
Appearance: Typically a colorless to pale yellow, viscous liquid, but can also be produced in solid form depending on the molecular weight
Odor: Generally odorless
Density: Varies depending on the molecular weight and form, typically ranging from 0.85 to 0.92 g/cm³ for liquid forms
Melting Point: Varies depending on the molecular weight, typically ranging from -50°C to -15°C for liquid forms
Boiling Point: Varies depending on the molecular weight, typically ranging from 150°C to 250°C for liquid forms
Flash Point: Varies depending on the molecular weight, typically ranging from 120°C to 200°C for liquid forms
Flammability: Generally non-flammable in liquid form; solid forms may burn under certain conditions
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents such as alkanes, alcohols, and aromatic hydrocarbons



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention promptly.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical advice.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Rinse eyes thoroughly with water, keeping eyelids open, for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, pain, or redness persists.


Ingestion:

Rinse mouth with water and drink plenty of water to dilute the chemical.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention immediately and provide information on the ingested substance.


General Advice:

Keep affected person calm and reassure them.
Do not administer any medications unless directed by medical personnel.
If seeking medical attention, provide the SDS (Safety Data Sheet) or product label information to healthcare providers.
If treating someone who has been exposed to a large quantity of Polyisobutene, follow standard first aid protocols and consult with a poison control center or medical professional for further guidance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

General Handling:
Handle Polyisobutene with care to prevent spills and splashes.
Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing when handling.
Avoid inhalation of vapors or mists. Use in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation if necessary.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Polyisobutene.
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In case of a small spill, absorb the material with an inert absorbent material such as sand, vermiculite, or commercial spill kits.
Dispose of the absorbed material in accordance with local regulations.
For large spills or leaks, contain the spill to prevent further spread and notify appropriate authorities for cleanup and disposal.

Storage:
Store Polyisobutene in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and sources of heat or ignition.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent evaporation and contamination.
Store away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents and acids.
Ensure proper labeling of containers with product name, hazard warnings, and handling instructions.

Handling Precautions:
Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin and eyes.
Use appropriate engineering controls such as splash guards or safety shields when transferring or dispensing Polyisobutene.
Use caution when handling heated material to prevent burns or thermal injury.
Avoid exposure to incompatible materials or conditions that may result in hazardous reactions.

Transportation:
Follow all applicable regulations and guidelines for the transportation of Polyisobutene.
Ensure containers are properly labeled, sealed, and secured to prevent leaks or spills during transportation.
Use suitable containers and packaging materials that are compatible with the chemical and designed for transportation purposes.

Emergency Procedures:
Familiarize yourself and other personnel with emergency procedures in case of accidental exposure, spill, or release.
Have appropriate spill control measures, personal protective equipment, and emergency contact information readily available.
In case of emergency, follow established procedures and notify relevant authorities for assistance.

Polyisobutene is a class of organic polymers prepared by polymerization of isobutene.
Polyisobutene is a synthetic polymer of isobutylene; used as a film-forming agent.


CAS Number: 9003-27-4
EC Number: 204-066-3
MDL Number: MFCD00084436
Chem/IUPAC Name: Homopolymer of 2-methyl-1 propene
Linear Formula: [CH2C(CH3)2]n
Chemical formula: (C4H8)n


Polyisobutene is a class of organic polymers prepared by polymerization of isobutene.
The polymers often have the formula Me3C[CH2CMe2]nH (Me = CH3).
They are typically colorless gummy solids.


Polymerization is typically initiated with a strong Brønsted or Lewis acid.
The molecular weight (MW) of the resulting polymer determines the applications.
Low MW polyisobutene, a mixture of oligomers with Mns of about 500, is used as plasticizers.


Medium and high MW polyisobutenes, with Mn ≥ 20,000, are components of commercial adhesives.
Polyisobutene is a polymer derived from isobutene, a gaseous hydrocarbon, and appears as a clear, colorless to pale yellow, viscous liquid with a thick consistency.


Polyisobutene is typically produced through the polymerization of isobutene monomers.
The polymerization reaction involves combining isobutene in the presence of a catalyst, such as aluminum chloride or boron trifluoride.
Polyisobutene is a homopolymer with isobutene monomers, prepared by a polymerization reaction.


Polyisobutene is a very versatile, non-toxic antimicrobial, emollient, humectant and viscosity controlling agent.
Polyisobutene can increase or decrease the viscosity of cosmetic products.
Polyisobutene offers higher gloss in lipstick formulas.


Polyisobutene acts as a stabilizer for pigment dispersions.
Polyisobutene ensures the cohesion of powder and powder containing cosmetics.
Polyisobutene is safe and causes no skin irritation.


Polyisobutene also helps in reducing body odors.
Polyisobutene is recommended for eye & facial makeup, suntan products as well as skin- hair & oral care formulations.
Polyisobutene has a shelf life of 36 months.


Polyisobutene is a type of synthetic polymer or plastic material that is known for its elastic properties.
Polyisobutene is obtained by polymerization of an isobutene rich stream with specific catalysts.
Polyisobutene is composed predominantly of aliphatic mono‐olefins.


Polyisobutene is Clear, bright and free from sediments or suspended matter.
Polyisobutene is a polymer composed of repeating 1,1-dimethylethylene units.
Polyisobutene is a polymer (big molecule from repeated subunits) that's used as a gloss improver for lipsticks and lipglosses.
Polyisobutene's stickiness also helps lip products to stay on longer.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYISOBUTENE:
Depending upon its molecular weight Polyisobutene is used commercially as a plasticizer or adhesive.
Low molecular weight Polyisobutene is a viscous, soft, semi-liquid.
Polyisobutene is used in a wide range of cosmetic products.


Polyisobutene is primarily utilized as an emollient in cosmetics, providing moisturizing and protective properties to the skin.
Polyisobutene forms a thin, occlusive film on the skin's surface, preventing water loss and maintaining skin hydration.
Polyisobutene is commonly found in various cosmetic products such as lip balms, moisturizers, foundations, and lipsticks, adding moisturization and texture-enhancing benefits.


The high molecular weight of Polyisobutene contributes to its thick texture and non-greasy feel.
The chemical formula of Polyisobutene is (C4H8)n, where "n" represents the repeating units in the polymer chain.
Polyisobutene is an emollient.


Polyisobutene, sometimes called butyl rubber, and other times PIB, is a vinyl polymer.
Polyisobutene's very similar to polyethylene and polypropylene in structure, except that every other carbon is substituted with two methyl groups.
Polyisobutene is made from the monomer isobutylene, by cationic vinyl polymerization.


Polyisobutene is a synthetic rubber, or elastomer.
Polyisobutene's special because it's the only rubber that's gas impermeable.
That is, Polyisobutene's the only rubber that can hold air for long periods of time.


You may have noticed that balloons will go flat after a few days.
This is because they are made of polyisoprene, which is not gas impermeable.
Because Polyisobutene will hold air, it is used to make things like the inner tubes, liner layers of tires, and the inner liners of basketballs.


Polyisobutene is a synthetic polymer or plastic that is often used in various industrial and consumer products.
Polyisobutene is a type of elastomer, which means it has elastic properties and can stretch and return to its original shape.
Polyisobutene is a versatile material known for its excellent impermeability to gases and moisture, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.


Polyisobutene is used in a wide range of products and applications, such as adhesives, sealants, lubricants, tires, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and fuel additives, due to its ability to provide impermeability, flexibility, and stability in various contexts.
Polyisobutene is a non‐toxic polymer and has NSF certification.


Polyisobutene can be used in lubricants and synthetic oils formula on, including for food grade and pharmaceu cal grade.
Polyisobutene is also applied in cosmetics as an emollient agent and as a plasticizer to thermoplastic resins like PE, PP, PVC and others.
Combined with polyacrylate-13 and polysorbate 20, Polyisobutene forms a very effective tickener-emulsifier trio.


Polyisobutene is a very versatile, non-toxic, water-white viscous liquid and has the ability to increase tackiness, to provide water-repellency, to improve viscosity-index and it provides excellent electrical insulation.
Polyisobutene is also known as Polybutene (PB), and is available in various molecular weights and in various viscosities ranging from 5 to 4,700 cSt @ 100°C.


The higher the viscosity and molecular weight the stronger the tackiness of Polyisobutene.
Polyisobutene is non-hazardous and has no-odor, whereby the product can be used as a thickener and lubricant in a wide range of applications, such as Adhesives, Glues, Sealants, Resins, Lubricants, Asphalt, Stretch Wrap, Electrical insulation, Cosmetics and Food (Gumbase-grade).


The standard molecular weight range of Polyisobutene is from 300 to 2400 and the product can be easily mixed/blended into Synthetic and Mineral Oils, Waxes, Solvents, Esters, Polymers, Resins and Bitumen.
Lubricants uses of Polyisobutene: 2-stroke Engine oils, Gear oils, Greases, Hydraulic and Metalworking Fluids


Adhesives uses of Polyisobutene: Pressure Sensitive (PSA) or Hot Melt Adhesives (HMA)
Caulks & Sealants uses of Polyisobutene: Automotive, Window and Tire Sealant
Stretch Wrap uses of Polyisobutene: Tear Resistance improvement, Food Contact


Electrical Insulation uses of Polyisobutene: hydrophobic insulation with no electrical conductivity or oxidation
Polyisobutene and Hydrogenated Polyisobutene are polymers. In cosmetics and personal care products, Polyisobutene and Hydrogenated Polyisobutene are used in the formulation of lipsticks, they can also be found in eye and facial makeup, skin care products and suntan products.



COMMON USES OF POLYISOBUTENE INCLUDE:
*Adhesives:
Polyisobutene is used in the production of pressure-sensitive adhesives, which are found in products like tapes, labels, and sticky notes.

*Sealants:
Polyisobutene is used in sealants for applications like construction, automotive, and aerospace, where a flexible and long-lasting seal is required.

*Lubricants:
Polyisobutene can be found in the formulation of lubricating oils and greases, as it provides good viscosity control and stability.

*Tires:
In the rubber industry, Polyisobutene is used as a component in tire manufacturing, contributing to improved fuel efficiency and tread wear.

*Pharmaceutical and cosmetic products:
Polyisobutene is used in various personal care and pharmaceutical products, such as lip balms, ointments, and creams, for its emollient and protective properties.

*Fuel and oil additives:
Polyisobutene is sometimes used as an additive to improve the performance and stability of fuels and lubricants.
Polyisobutene is typically produced through the polymerization of isobutene, a gaseous hydrocarbon, under controlled conditions.

The resulting polymer can have various molecular weights and properties depending on the specific manufacturing process and intended application.
Its versatility and beneficial characteristics have made Polyisobutene a valuable material in many industries.



WHY IS POLYISOBUTENE USED?
Both Polyisobutene and Hydrogenated Polyisobutene increase the thickness of the lipid
Fat or fat-like substance found in the cells of plants and animals that includes fats, waxes, oils, and related compounds.
(oil) portion of cosmetics and personal care products.
Polyisobutene dries to form a thin coating on the skin, hair or nails, and is used to hold together the ingredients of a compressed cake.
Hydrogenated Polyisobutene acts as a lubricant on the skin’s surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF POLYISOBUTENE:
Polyisobutene is often referred to as butyl rubber and is produced in a wide range of molecular weights; the lower molecular weight Polyisobutenes are very viscous, soft, and tacky semi-liquids while the higher molecular weight Polyisobutenes are tough and elastic rubbery solids.
Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is also produced in a wide range of molecular weights and is widely used as a substitute for another cosmetic ingredient, squalene.



KEY BENEFITS OF POLYISOBUTENE OF USING THE CONNECT PB RANGE:
*Very tacky liquid polymer, non-hazardous and no-odor
*Superior corrosion and oxidation-stability against heat, reagent and UV ray
*High thickening efficiency with excellent viscosity-index
*Completely hydrophobic with extremely low electrical conductivity
*Superior solubility to kerosene, coal tar, aromatic compound, hydrogen carbonate chloride, lubricant
*Permanent non-drying properties
*Easy to store with no evaporation or solidification.



USE AND BENEFITS OF POLYISOBUTENE:
Polyisobutene is used as a binder, film-former, and non-aqueous viscosity increasing agent in cosmetic products.
As a binding agent, Polyisobutene helps in binding or holding together the ingredients in a cosmetic product in the compressed cake or tablet form of product, for example, a compressed powder or eye shadow.

Polyisobutene works as a non-reactive binder, which is a very important characteristic of a binder.
As a film-forming agent when applied on the hair or skin, Polyisobutene forms a supple, cohesive, and continuous layer.
This layer/film has water-binding properties that leave a silky and smooth effect on the skin.

Polyisobutene also functions as a viscosity increasing agent which when used increases the thickness of the solution and that gives ideal or acceptable viscosity to the product that is just right for use. Polyisobutene is well tolerated by the skin or quite mild on the skin.
Polyisobutene is used in formulations of make-up products, hair care, and skincare products.



WHAT IS POLYISOBUTENE USED FOR?
Polyisobutene is an effective ingredient that finds many uses in the cosmetic and skin care industry.

*Skin care:
Polyisobutene serves as an emollient and moisturizer.
Polyisobutene forms a protective barrier on the skin's surface, preventing transepidermal water loss and helping to retain moisture. This makes Polyisobutene a valuable ingredient in body lotions and moisturizers, providing long-lasting hydration and smoothness to the skin

*Cosmetic products:
Polyisobutene is utilized for its film-forming properties.
Polyisobutene imparts a smooth and silky texture to products, allowing for easy application and enhancing their overall performance.
In lipsticks and lip glosses, Polyisobutene helps to create a long-lasting, non-sticky, and shiny finish



PREPARATION OF POLYISOBUTENE:
Silicone rubbers are prepared as follows:
Preparation of Silicone rubbers
Other groups may replace the methyl groups.
Silicone rubbers have excellent ozone and weathering resistance, good electrical properties, and good adhesion to metal.



ALTERNATIVES OF POLYISOBUTENE:
*SQUALANE,
*CAPRYLIC CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE,
*SYNTHETIC JOJOBA OIL



WHAT DOES POLYISOBUTENE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emollient
*Film forming
*Moisturising



SAFETY PROFILE OF POLYISOBUTENE:
Polyisobutene is generally regarded as safe for cosmetic use, posing minimal risk of skin irritations or allergies. It is non-comedogenic, meaning it does not clog pores or promote acne formation.
Moreover, Polyisobutene is derived from petroleum or plant-based sources, making it suitable for vegan-friendly cosmetic formulations.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYISOBUTENE:
Polyisobutene is composed of long-chain hydrocarbon formed by polymerization of isobutene, and is extremely stable under normal conditions.
Polyisobutene is transparent non-noxious high-consistency semi-solid polymer free of impurities.
The physical properties of Polyisobutene are very dependent on molecular weight.

Polymers with average molecular weight (Mw) of about 15 000 are sticky viscous liquids whilst those with molecular weight of 100000-200000 are rubber-like, resembling unmilled crepe rubber.
Polyisobutene is non-crystalline when unstretched and is therefore soluble at room temperature in hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons.

Polyisobutene is resistant to most acids, alkalis and aqueous solutions, as would be expected from its saturated hydrocarbon structure and absence of tertiary hydrogen atoms.
The lack of tertiary hydrogen atoms renders Polyisobutene more resistant to oxidation than polypropylene; also, the less numerous and partially shielded methylene groups in polyisobutene are less reactive than those in polyethylene.

However, Polyisobutene is rather susceptible to thermal degradation since chain scission is favoured by the greater stability of the resultant tertiary free radical:
free radical of Polyisobutene may be chlorinated but the reaction is accompanied by severe degradation.

A limitation of Polyisobutene is its tendency to cold flow and, as a result, the polymer finds little use in self-supporting form. Applications of Polyisobutene are restricted mainly to adhesives, fabric and paper coatings, and blends with other polymers.
Low molecular weight Polyisobutene is also used in caulking compounds.



BENEFITS OF POLYISOBUTENE:
Polyisobutene offers several benefits in various applications due to its unique properties:
*Impermeability:
Polyisobutene is highly impermeable to gases and moisture, making it effective for creating seals and barriers in products like adhesives, sealants, and tires.

*Elasticity:
Polyisobutene has elastic properties, allowing it to stretch and return to its original shape.
This flexibility is valuable in applications like sealants, where a pliable and long-lasting seal is needed.

*Adhesion:
Polyisobutene is often used in pressure-sensitive adhesives, providing strong adhesion to various surfaces, such as in adhesive tapes and labels.

*Lubrication:
Polyisobutene is used in the formulation of lubricants and greases, contributing to viscosity control and stability in machinery and automotive applications.

Fuel Efficiency:
In the tire industry, Polyisobutene can improve fuel efficiency and tread wear when used as a component in tire manufacturing.

*Personal Care:
Polyisobutene is found in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products, like lip balms and ointments, for its emollient properties that help moisturize and protect the skin.

*Stability:
Polyisobutene can enhance the stability and performance of fuels and lubricants when used as an additive.

*Versatility:
Polyisobutene's versatility in terms of molecular weight and properties allows for customization to suit specific applications.

Overall, the benefits of Polyisobutene lie in its ability to provide impermeability, flexibility, and adhesion, making it a valuable material in numerous industries and products.



FUNCTIONS OF POLYISOBUTENE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*BINDING:
Polyisobutene ensures the cohesion of powdered products

*FILM FORMING:
Polyisobutene produces a continuous film on skin, hair and / or nails

*VISCOSITY CONTROLLING:
Polyisobutene increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetic products



POLYISOBUTENE BELONGS TO THE FOLLOWING SUBSTANCE GROUPS:
*Binders
*Film-forming agents
*Thickening agents / consistency regulators



IS POLYISOBUTENE SAFE FOR SKIN?
Polyisobutene is generally regarded as safe for use in skincare products in accordance with industry standards and regulations.
Polyisobutene forms a protective barrier on the skin, which can help lock in moisture, making it suitable for lip balms, moisturizers, and products designed to hydrate and safeguard the skin.

Moreover, Polyisobutene is often included in non-comedogenic formulations, reducing the likelihood of pore clogging and acne breakouts.
Nevertheless, some may experience skin sensitivities or allergies to Polyisobutene.

The overall safety of a skincare product relies on its complete formulation, encompassing the concentration of Polyisobutene and other ingredients.
Careful reading of Polyisobutene labels and considering potential interactions with other skincare products is imperative.



HYDROGENATED POLYISOBUTENE AND POLYISOBUTYLENE:
Hydrogenated Polyisobutene is a compound created via hydrogenation.
Hydrogenation refers to a reaction where hydrogen alters the properties of a select substance.

Polyisobutene, in its non-hydrogenated form, is a synthetic polymer; it’s a liquid with film-forming and adhesive properties that make it valuable in cosmetics, though Heal
Yes!

In the cosmetics industry, hydrogenated Polyisobutene is a popular ingredient because of the emollient and a thickening properties it can impart in skincare products and makeup, including, popularly, lip glosses. . . .

The use of hydrogenated Polyisobutene in lip gloss is so popular because it lends a smooth and glossy texture, increases shine, and provides hydrating properties, all desirable when it comes to lip glosses.

One of the perks of hydrogenated Polyisobutene in cosmetics is its impressive ability to prevent water loss from the skin, meaning it helps ‘lock in’ moisture, keeping skin (or lips) soft.

Another perk is the fact that hydrogenated Polyisobutene has a non-greasy texture and a non-sticky feel, and many people prefer makeup, especially glosses, to be just that: non-sticky in feel and non-greasy in texture and feel.

As stated above, Heal
Yes!
Avoids Polyisobutene despite its ‘pros’ listed above.

First of all, Polyisobutene can negatively affect those who are sensitive or allergic to it, leading to skin irritation or adverse reactions.
Natural alternatives are often preferred among those seeking to eliminate toxins and lead their healthiest lifestyle, so the strong ‘synthetic’ factor to Polyisobutene is off-putting.

Natural options to replace hydrogenated Polyisobutene might include plant-based oils and waxes, such as but not limited to organic jojoba oil, almond oil, coconut oil, and shea butter.
These nature-provided alternatives offer similar moisturizing and protective properties while being derived from sustainable sources that organic ingredient-loving aficionados approve of.

Hydrogenated Polyisobutene might come with some notable performance advantages when used in cosmetics—especially lip glosses—but you won’t find it in Heal
Yes! products.



IS POLYISOBUTENE NATURAL?
Polyisobutene is not a naturally occurring substance.
Polyisobutene is a synthetic polymer, which means it is artificially produced rather than being found in nature.
Polyisobutene is typically created through the process of polymerization using isobutylene, a hydrocarbon derived from petroleum or natural gas feedstocks.



WHAT DOES POLYISOBUTENE DO IN LIP GLOSS, SPECIFCIALLY?
Polyisobutene plays a pivotal role in lip gloss formulations, primarily contributing to the product's texture and performance.
Polyisobutene is responsible for the glossy and reflective shine that characterizes lip gloss, enhancing the lips' visual appeal.

Beyond aesthetics, Polyisobutene functions as a moisture-locking agent, creating a protective barrier on the lips that prevents moisture loss, keeping them hydrated and preventing dryness.

This dual-purpose of visual enhancement and moisturization makes lip gloss not only visually appealing but also functional.
Furthermore, Polyisobutene assists in improving the gloss's longevity, helping it adhere to the lips and maintain its shine over time.

Additionally, Polyisobutene's presence ensures a smooth and even application, providing a uniform and attractive finish.
Overall, Polyisobutene's role in lip gloss enhances both the cosmetic and functional aspects of the product, delivering a glossy, comfortable, and moisturizing lip experience.



SOURCING OF POLYISOBUTENE:
The quality and safety of Polyisobutene can be influenced by its source.
Polyisobutene used in consumer products should be sourced from reputable suppliers who adhere to quality and safety standards.



PURITY OF POLYISOBUTENE:
The purity of Polyisobutene is essential.
Impurities in Polyisobutene can potentially pose risks.
High-quality Polyisobutene used in consumer products should undergo rigorous purification processes to remove impurities.



MANUFACTURING CONCERNS OF POLYISOBUTENE:
The safety of products containing Polyisobutene also depends on the overall formulation and manufacturing processes.
Products should be manufactured following good manufacturing practices (GMP) to ensure quality and safety.



SKIN SENSITIVITIES OF POLYISOBUTENE:
While Polyisobutene is generally well-tolerated, individual skin sensitivities can vary.
If you notice adverse reactions or skin irritations after using a product containing Polyisobutene, it's advisable to discontinue use and consult with a healthcare professional.

In a nutshell, Polyisobutene can be safe when used in consumer products, but the safety can be influenced by factors such as sourcing, purity, and manufacturing practices.
Consumers should choose products from reputable brands and be aware of any sensitivities they may have to specific ingredients.

Additionally, adhering to product usage guidelines and discontinuing use in case of adverse reactions is important.
If you have specific concerns about a product or ingredient, consult with a healthcare professional or dermatologist for personalized guidance.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYISOBUTENE:
Chemical formula: (C4H8)n
Molar mass: Variable
Boiling Point: 300°C
Melting Point: 54-56°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water
Viscosity: High
CBNumber:CB8147859
Molecular Formula:C4H8
Molecular Weight:56.10632
MDL Number:MFCD00084436
MOL File:9003-27-4.mol
Melting point: 54-56 °C
Boiling point: 300 °C
Density: 0.92 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
refractive index: n20/D 1.51
form: slab/chunk
Stability: Stability
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8/c1-4(2)3/h1H2,2-3H3
InChIKey: VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C=C(C)C
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): POLYISOBUTYLENE (MIN M W 37,000)
FDA 21 CFR: 172.615; 175.125; 175.300
EWG's Food Scores: 1
Melting Point N/A
Boiling Point N/A
Flash Point N/A
Molecular Formula C4H8
Molecular Weight 56.10630
Density 0.92 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYISOBUTENE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYISOBUTENE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYISOBUTENE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYISOBUTENE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYISOBUTENE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYISOBUTENE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Polyisobutylene
Poly(isobutene)
Poly(isobutylene)
PIB
Polyisobutene
1-Propene
Isobutylene polymer
Methyl-1-propene, homopolymer
Propene, 2-methyl-, homopolymer
iso-Butylene resin
usb
POLYISOBUTENE
p20
p118
p200
POLY(ISOBUTYLENE) 24'000
kp5
oktol
pb150
pib100
PIB
polyisobutene

Polyisobutene is a synthetic polymer that belongs to the class of compounds known as elastomers.
Polyisobutene is commonly used in various industrial applications, particularly in the production of adhesives, sealants, lubricants, and fuel additives.
Polyisobutene is produced through the polymerization of isobutene, which is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C4H8.
The polymerization process involves linking together many isobutene monomers to form long chains.
The resulting polymer has a high molecular weight and a relatively high degree of molecular branching, giving it the properties of an elastomer.

CAS Number: 9003-27-4



APPLICATIONS


Polyisobutene has a wide range of applications across various industries due to its unique properties, including its elastomeric nature, adhesion capabilities, and resistance to moisture and chemicals.
Here are some of its key applications:

Adhesives and Sealants:
Polyisobutene is commonly used as a component in adhesives and sealants due to its excellent adhesion to various surfaces.
Polyisobutene helps create strong and durable bonds in construction, automotive, and industrial applications.

Tire Manufacturing:
One of the major applications of polyisobutene is in the production of tires.
Polyisobutene is added to tire compounds to improve their performance, enhance fuel efficiency, and provide better traction.

Lubricants:
Polyisobutene's lubricating properties make it suitable for use in industrial lubricants, engine oils, and other lubricating formulations.
Polyisobutene offers long-lasting lubrication and can handle high temperatures and pressures.

Fuel Additives:
In the automotive industry, polyisobutene is used as a fuel additive to enhance gasoline quality, improve engine performance, and increase fuel efficiency.

Cosmetics:
It's used in cosmetics and personal care products to enhance texture, provide water resistance, and improve the longevity of products like lipsticks, sunscreens, and creams.

Electrical Insulation:
Due to its non-reactive nature and insulating properties, polyisobutene can be used as an insulating material in electrical cables and components.

Medical Devices:
Polyisobutene's biocompatibility makes it suitable for medical device assembly, such as in the production of syringes, IV bags, and other medical equipment.

Packaging:
Polyisobutene can be used as a sealant or adhesive in packaging applications, ensuring airtight and moisture-resistant seals.

Automotive Components:
Beyond tires, polyisobutene can also be found in various automotive components, including gaskets, O-rings, and shock absorbers.

Textiles:
In the textile industry, Polyisobutene can be used to provide water resistance and durability to fabrics.

Construction:
Polyisobutene is used in construction materials like roofing membranes, adhesives, and sealants to provide water resistance and improve durability.

Rubber Goods:
Polyisobutene can be used to enhance the properties of rubber goods, such as gaskets, hoses, and belts.

Paints and Coatings:
In some cases, Polyisobutene is added to paints and coatings to improve adhesion and water resistance.

Industrial Applications:
Polyisobutene is utilized in various industrial applications, such as in the manufacture of industrial equipment, machinery, and parts.

Marine and Aerospace:
Its resistance to moisture and chemicals makes it suitable for use in marine and aerospace applications, where exposure to harsh environments is common.

Paint and Coating Adhesion:
In paints and coatings, polyisobutene improves adhesion to surfaces, creating longer-lasting and more robust finishes.

Industrial Equipment Reliability:
Polyisobutene is used in the manufacture of industrial equipment and machinery, enhancing their performance, longevity, and resistance to wear.

Marine and Aerospace Applications:
Due to its resistance to moisture and chemicals, polyisobutene is favored in marine and aerospace industries for components exposed to challenging environments.

Automotive Gasket Solutions:
It provides sealing solutions in automotive gaskets, preventing leaks and maintaining the integrity of automotive systems.

Anti-Corrosion Coatings:
Polyisobutene is used in coatings designed to protect metal surfaces from corrosion and environmental damage.

Sound Dampening Materials:
Polyisobutene is integrated into materials used for sound dampening and vibration control in automotive and industrial settings.

Pipe and Joint Sealants:
Polyisobutene's adhesive properties are utilized in sealing pipe joints, preventing leaks and maintaining fluid transport systems.

Aerosol Valve Lubrication:
In aerosol products, it serves as a valve lubricant, ensuring proper functioning and consistent spray patterns.

Food Packaging Integrity:
Its use in food packaging materials helps maintain the freshness and quality of packaged foods by creating secure and airtight seals.

Pharmaceutical Packaging:
Polyisobutene contributes to the safety and sterility of pharmaceutical packaging, ensuring the integrity of medicines and healthcare products.

Soundproofing Applications:
Polyisobutene can be incorporated into soundproofing materials for buildings, vehicles, and equipment, reducing noise pollution.

Concrete Additive:
In construction, polyisobutene is used as an additive to enhance the flexibility and crack resistance of concrete.

Hygiene Products:
Polyisobutene finds application in hygiene products like diapers and sanitary napkins, contributing to their effectiveness and comfort.

Rust Prevention Coatings:
In automotive and industrial applications, it's used in coatings to prevent rust and corrosion on metal surfaces.

Vibration Dampening:
Polyisobutene is added to materials used in shock absorbers and automotive suspension components to dampen vibrations and impacts.

Packaging Tapes:
Polyisobutene-based adhesive tapes are commonly used in packaging, providing secure and reliable sealing of boxes and packages.

Airbag Coatings:
Polyisobutene is used in coatings for airbags to ensure proper inflation upon impact and minimize injury risks in automotive safety systems.

Textile Printing:
In the textile industry, polyisobutene can be used in fabric printing processes to create unique patterns and designs.

Thermal Insulation:
Polyisobutene is integrated into materials used for thermal insulation in buildings, appliances, and industrial equipment.

Underwater Cable Protection:
In underwater cables, polyisobutene coatings provide protection against water penetration and mechanical stress.

Automotive Fluid Reservoirs:
Polyisobutene is used in the production of fluid reservoirs in vehicles, preventing leaks and ensuring proper fluid storage.

Sealing Automotive Lights:
Polyisobutene is employed in sealing automotive lights, preventing moisture ingress and maintaining clear visibility.

Electronic Potting Compounds:
Polyisobutene is used to encapsulate and protect sensitive electronic components from moisture and environmental factors.

Chemical Resistant Linings:
Polyisobutene linings are applied to tanks and containers used to store chemicals, providing resistance to corrosive substances.

Paper Coatings:
Polyisobutene is used in coatings for specialty papers, such as release liners and labels, enhancing their performance and functionality.

Greenhouse Films:
In agriculture, polyisobutene is added to greenhouse films to extend their lifespan and improve resistance to UV radiation.

Concrete Expansion Joints:
Polyisobutene is used in concrete expansion joints to provide flexibility and prevent cracking due to temperature changes.

Automotive Suspension Bushings:
Polyisobutene is used in the production of suspension bushings, reducing friction and enhancing the durability of automotive suspension systems.

Oil and Gas Industry:
In the oil and gas industry, it is utilized in various applications, including drilling fluids, pipe coatings, and equipment protection.



DESCRIPTION


Polyisobutene is a synthetic polymer that belongs to the class of compounds known as elastomers.
Polyisobutene is commonly used in various industrial applications, particularly in the production of adhesives, sealants, lubricants, and fuel additives.

Polyisobutene is produced through the polymerization of isobutene, which is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C4H8.
The polymerization process involves linking together many isobutene monomers to form long chains.
The resulting polymer has a high molecular weight and a relatively high degree of molecular branching, giving it the properties of an elastomer.

Elastomers are materials that can undergo significant deformation under stress and return to their original shape once the stress is removed.
Polyisobutene's elastomeric properties make it useful in applications where flexibility, elasticity, and sealing capabilities are required.
Polyisobutene is often used as a component in tire manufacturing to improve the tire's performance and fuel efficiency.

Additionally, polyisobutene can be modified with various chemical additives to tailor its properties for specific applications.
For example, Polyisobutene can be hydrogenated to increase its resistance to oxidation and improve its stability in high-temperature environments.

In summary, polyisobutene is a synthetic polymer derived from isobutene, and its elastomeric properties make it valuable for a wide range of industrial uses, including adhesives, sealants, lubricants, and fuel additives.

Polyisobutene is a synthetic polymer renowned for its elastomeric and adhesive properties.
Polyisobutene is produced by polymerizing isobutene monomers through a chemical process.

Polyisobutene is commonly used in the manufacture of adhesives, sealants, and lubricants.
Polyisobutene possesses a high molecular weight and molecular branching, giving it flexibility and resilience.
Polyisobutene's ability to undergo deformation and return to its original shape makes it an elastomer.

Polyisobutene's elastomeric nature makes it suitable for applications requiring sealing and shock absorption.
Polyisobutene is often used in tire manufacturing to improve fuel efficiency and enhance tire performance.
Polyisobutene is synthesized through polymerization, where isobutene molecules link to form long chains.
Polyisobutene can be modified by adding various chemical additives to achieve specific properties.
Hydrogenation can enhance its stability in high-temperature environments and resistance to oxidation.

Polyisobutene's ability to adhere to various surfaces makes it an ideal component in adhesives.
Its use in sealants helps create airtight and water-resistant barriers in construction and automotive applications.
Lubricants containing polyisobutene provide long-lasting and efficient lubrication in industrial settings.

In cosmetics, Polyisobutene can be used to enhance the texture and longevity of products like lipsticks and sunscreens.
Polyisobutene's chemical structure can be fine-tuned to achieve a balance of elasticity and viscosity.
Polyisobutene is a key ingredient in some fuel additives that improve engine performance and efficiency.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If polyisobutene vapors or fumes are inhaled, immediately move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing, and administer oxygen if available and trained to do so.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with polyisobutene, remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes to remove any residue.
If irritation, redness, or discomfort occurs, seek medical attention.
Do not use solvents or harsh chemicals to remove polyisobutene from the skin, as this can worsen the irritation.


Eye Contact:

If polyisobutene comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring eyelids are held open.
Seek medical attention even if irritation appears to be minor.
Remove contact lenses if worn and easily removable after the initial flushing.
Do not try to forcibly open the eyelids or use eye drops unless instructed by a medical professional.


Ingestion:

In case of accidental ingestion of polyisobutene, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.


General Advice:

In all cases, prioritize safety.
Remove the affected person from the exposure source and any contaminated clothing.
Keep the affected person calm and still, and seek medical assistance if symptoms are severe or persistent.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling polyisobutene to prevent skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to minimize the risk of inhaling vapors or fumes.

Avoid Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with polyisobutene to prevent accidental ingestion.

Avoid Skin Contact:
Minimize skin contact by wearing suitable protective clothing.
In case of skin contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area.

Avoid Eye Contact:
Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes.
In case of eye contact, immediately flush with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.

Handling Tools:
Use appropriate tools and equipment to handle and transfer polyisobutene to minimize spillage or splashing.

Static Electricity:
Prevent the buildup of static electricity by grounding equipment and containers to avoid ignition hazards.

No Open Flames:
Do not use open flames or other sources of ignition near polyisobutene, as it can be flammable under certain conditions.

Avoid Mixing:
Avoid mixing polyisobutene with incompatible materials, as it may react and cause hazards.


Storage:

Container:
Store polyisobutene in tightly sealed containers made of materials compatible with the chemical.

Temperature:
Store polyisobutene in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and sources of heat or flames.

Ventilation:
Ensure proper ventilation in storage areas to prevent the accumulation of vapors.

Separation:
Store polyisobutene away from incompatible substances, including strong oxidizers and acids.

Handling Labels:
Clearly label containers with the product name, hazard warnings, and handling instructions.

Grounding:
Ground containers during both filling and emptying to prevent the buildup of static electricity.

Fire Prevention:
Keep storage areas free from sources of ignition and install appropriate fire protection measures.

Spill Management:
Have spill response materials, such as absorbents, available in case of accidental spills.
Clean up spills promptly and dispose of waste properly.

Leak Prevention:
Check containers for leaks regularly and replace damaged containers promptly to prevent environmental contamination.

Segregation:
Store different grades or types of polyisobutene separately to avoid confusion and potential mixing.



SYNONYMS


Isobutylene Polymer
Polyisobutylene
PIB
Butene Polymer
Polybutene
Isobutene Copolymer
Polyisobutene Succinimide
Polyisobutylene Succinimide
Isobutene Oligomer
Isobutene Oligomerization Product
Poly(isobutene)
Isobutene Polymer
Butyl Rubber
Isobutylene-Based Polymer
Butyl Polymeric Substance
Isobutene Homopolymer
Polyisobutylene Rubber
Butyl Rubber Polymer
Isobutene Copolymerization Product
Isobutylene-Based Elastomer
Butene-Based Polymer
Isobutene Oligomeric Compound
Polybutylene Rubber
Isobutylene Oligomerization Polymer
Butene Homopolymer
Butyl Elastomer
Polyisobutene Compound
Isobutene-Derived Polymer
Butene Polymerization Product
Isobutene-Isoprene Polymer
Butene-Based Elastomer
Isobutene-Derived Elastomer
Polyisobutene Copolymer
Isobutene-Based Rubber
Isobutylene-Isoprene Copolymer
Isobutene-Propylene Polymer
Butyl Polymerization Product
Isobutene-Derived Compound
Isobutylene-Based Adhesive
Butene-Derived Elastomer
Isobutylene Polymerization Product
Butene Oligomer
Isobutene-Based Material
Polyisobutene Resin
Isobutene-Derived Polymerization Product
Butene-Based Compound
Isobutylene-Derived Elastomer
Isobutene Copolymerization Polymer
Polyisobutene Additive
Isobutylene-Propylene Copolymer
Butene-Isoprene Polymer
Isobutylene-Based Resin
Isobutene Copolymerization Compound
Butene-Based Resin
Isobutene Oligomerization Copolymer
Isobutene-Based Compound
Polyisobutene Gum
Isobutene-Derived Material
Butene Copolymerization Product
Isobutene-Derived Adhesive
Isobutene-Isoprene Rubber
Polyisobutene Emulsion
Isobutylene-Derived Resin
Butene-Derived Compound
Isobutene-Based Polymerization Compound

POLYISOPRENE N° CAS : 9003-31-0. Origine(s) : Synthétique Nom INCI : POLYISOPRENE Nom chimique : Homopolymer of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene Classification : Polymère de synthèse Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

POLYLACTIC ACID N° CAS : 9051-89-2 Nom INCI : POLYLACTIC ACID Classification : Polymère de synthèse Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance.

SynonymsPMA;HPMA;(50% AQ);26099-09-02;PolymaleicacidAq;Maleic acid resin;POLY(MALEIC ACID);MALEIC ACID POLYMER;Poly(maleic acid) HPMA;poly(maleicacid)(50%aq) CAS No.26099-09-2

PVP, Povidone; PVPP, Crospovidone; Polyvidone; PNVP; Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylen]; 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidon homopolymer; 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinon-Polymere cas no: 9003-39-8

PVP/VA Copolymer; Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-Vinyl Acetate) cas no:25086-89-9

POLYMETHACRYLAMIDOPROPYLTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE N° CAS : 68039-13-4 Origine(s) : Synthétique Nom INCI : POLYMETHACRYLAMIDOPROPYLTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE Nom chimique : 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, chloride, homopolymer Classification : Ammonium quaternaire Ses fonctions (INCI) Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles

POLYMETHACRYLATE; POLY(METHACRYLIC ACID); METHACRYLIC ACID POLYMER; anaerobicadhesive(gy-168); anaerobicadhesive(gy-340); Polymethacrylic Acid(PMAA); methacrylic acid homopolymer; POLYMETHACRYLATE MICRO PARTICLES; 2-methyl-2-propenoicacihomopolymer; poly(methacrylic acid) macromolecule CAS NO:25087-26-7

POLYMETHYL ACRYLATE N° CAS : 9003-21-8 Nom INCI : POLYMETHYL ACRYLATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles

cas no 9011-14-7 Methacrylic acid methyl ester polymers; Methyl methacrylate homopolymer; Methyl methacrylate polymer; Methyl methacrylate resin; 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid methyl ester homopolymer; Acronal; Acrylite; Acryloid; Acrypet; Acrysol; Akuripetto; Altulor; Crinothene; Degalan; Delpet; Diakon; Disapol; Elvacite; Kallocryl; Kallodent; Kaneace; Korad; LSO; Lucite; Metaplex; Organic glass; Osteobond; Palacos; Paraglas; Paraplex; Perspex; Plexiglas; Plexigum; PMMA; PMMA-A; Pontalite; Repairsin; Resarit; Rhoplex; Riston; Romacryl; Shinkolite; Sumipex; Superacryl; Tensol; Torex; Vedril;

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a transparent thermoplastic polymer that is commonly known as acrylic, acrylic glass, or plexiglass.
Polymethyl methacrylate is made from the monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA).

CAS Number: 9011-14-7
EC Number: 202-415-4



APPLICATIONS


Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has a wide range of applications in various industries due to its unique properties such as transparency, resistance to UV light and weathering, and good mechanical strength.
Some of its major applications include:

Optical applications such as lenses, prisms, and light guides.
Signage and advertising boards.
Medical implants and devices due to its biocompatibility.
Automotive industry for the production of headlights, taillights, and instrument clusters.
Construction industry for windows, skylights, and sound barriers.
Aircraft industry for windows and canopies.
Marine industry for windows and hatches.
LCD screens and displays.
Illumination industry for the production of light diffusers and light pipes.
Safety equipment such as face shields and safety goggles.
Protective covers for electronic devices.
Art and design industry for the production of sculptures and art installations.
Dental industry for the production of dental prostheses.
Packaging industry for the production of food packaging.
3D printing industry for the production of various prototypes and parts.
Resins for adhesives and coatings.
Production of decorative objects and furniture.
Solar panel covers and enclosures.
Noise barriers for highways and railways.
Optical fibers for telecommunications.
Anti-reflective coatings for glass and plastics.
Insulation panels for the construction industry.
Diffusers for LED lighting.
Molded parts for various applications.
Laboratory equipment such as cuvettes and containers.


Polymethyl methacrylate is widely used in the automotive industry for manufacturing exterior parts and body panels due to its excellent weather resistance and impact strength.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the construction industry for making skylights, windows, and signage due to its high transparency and resistance to weathering.

In the medical industry, polymethyl methacrylate is used as a bone cement in orthopedic surgery to fix fractured bones or replace damaged joints.
Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly used in the manufacturing of optical lenses and contact lenses due to its high optical clarity and light transmittance.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of LCD screens, flat-panel displays, and electronic touch screens for various electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the aerospace industry for manufacturing airplane windows and canopies due to its lightweight, high strength, and resistance to impact and weathering.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of dental prosthesis and restorations due to its biocompatibility and aesthetic properties.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of aquariums and terrariums due to its high transparency and scratch resistance.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the manufacturing of sports equipment such as hockey sticks and ski slopes due to its high impact resistance and strength.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a coating in the packaging industry to provide a protective layer and enhance the appearance of the packaging materials.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of decorative items and lighting fixtures due to its high transparency and ability to diffuse light.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of automotive headlamps due to its high resistance to heat, UV light, and weathering.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of large-scale sculptures due to its ability to withstand weathering and retain its optical properties for a long time.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of safety equipment such as bulletproof glass and riot shields due to its high strength and impact resistance.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of aircraft canopies and windshields due to its high strength and ability to withstand extreme weather conditions.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of signs and billboards due to its high transparency and ability to withstand weathering.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of furniture and household items such as tables, chairs, and lamps due to its aesthetic properties and durability.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of art and craft materials such as paint and adhesive due to its adhesive properties and ability to retain color and texture.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of photo frames and displays due to its high transparency and ability to enhance the appearance of photographs and artwork.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of windshields for boats and yachts due to its high optical clarity and ability to withstand saltwater corrosion.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of solar panels due to its high optical transparency and ability to withstand weathering.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of high-end watches and jewelry due to its ability to retain color and shine for a long time.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of cosmetic implants and devices due to its biocompatibility and aesthetic properties.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of electrical enclosures and housings due to its high resistance to heat, fire, and chemical corrosion.

Polymethyl methacrylate is widely used in the production of signs, displays, and lighting fixtures.
Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly used as a bone cement in orthopedic surgery.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the manufacture of lenses for eyeglasses and cameras.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of dentures, crowns, and other dental prostheses.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a matrix material in chromatography.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of acrylic nails and other nail products.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the manufacture of automotive parts and components.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of coatings and paints for various applications.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a binding agent in the production of high-quality paper.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a protective coating for electronic devices and components.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a film-forming agent in the production of textiles.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of sanitary ware, such as shower trays and bathtubs.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the manufacture of contact lenses.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of adhesives and sealants for various applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for art and craft applications.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of food packaging and containers.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for the construction of aquariums and terrariums.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of decorative and architectural glass.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a component in the production of detergents and cleaners.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for the production of prosthetic devices for amputees.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the manufacture of light diffusers for various applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of decorative and functional items, such as jewelry and buttons.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a component in the production of water treatment chemicals.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of coatings and finishes for wood and other materials.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for the production of high-quality trophies and awards.

Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly used in the production of medical implants and devices.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a substitute for glass in aquariums and other applications where shatter-resistant materials are needed.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the automotive industry for exterior and interior parts due to its durability and optical clarity.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of signs and displays due to its excellent light transmission properties.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of lenses for glasses and cameras.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the construction industry as a material for skylights and roofing panels.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of LCD screens for electronic devices.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of dentures and other dental prosthetics.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of aircraft canopies and windows due to its high strength and light weight.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a binder for paints and coatings.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of toys and novelties.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of medical diagnostic equipment such as cuvettes and pipettes.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of light diffusers for LED lighting.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for decorative objects such as jewelry and sculptures.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of contact lenses.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for bathtub and shower enclosures.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of food display cases and sneeze guards.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for outdoor and indoor signage.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of solar panels.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for clear or translucent furniture.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of medical instruments and devices.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of protective covers for electronic devices.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of prosthetic limbs.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for decorative and functional items such as lamps and vases.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of synthetic marble and other decorative surfaces.



DESCRIPTION


Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a transparent thermoplastic polymer that is commonly known as acrylic, acrylic glass, or plexiglass.
Polymethyl methacrylate is made from the monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA).

PMMA has excellent optical clarity, weather resistance, and scratch resistance, which makes it a popular material for a wide range of applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate is often used as a lightweight, shatterproof alternative to glass, and is also used in various medical, automotive, and lighting applications.

Polymethyl methacrylate is a thermoplastic polymer.
Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly referred to as acrylic or acrylic glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate is transparent, rigid, and lightweight.
Polymethyl methacrylate is highly resistant to weathering and UV radiation.
Polymethyl methacrylate has good optical clarity and is often used as a glass substitute.

Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly used in the production of signage and displays.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the construction industry as a glazing material.

Polymethyl methacrylate is an excellent electrical insulator.
Polymethyl methacrylate has good chemical resistance.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the production of lenses for eyeglasses and cameras.
Polymethyl methacrylate is easy to fabricate and can be machined or molded into various shapes.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the production of dental prosthetics.
Polymethyl methacrylate has a low coefficient of thermal expansion.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the production of aquariums and other transparent structures.
Polymethyl methacrylate is highly resistant to impact and shattering.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used as a coating in various applications.

Polymethyl methacrylate has a high refractive index, which makes it ideal for optical applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the production of lighting fixtures and light guide panels.

Polymethyl methacrylate is highly weather-resistant and does not yellow over time.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the production of medical devices and implants.

Polymethyl methacrylate is resistant to abrasion and scratching.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used as a protective coating for artwork and other objects.
Polymethyl methacrylate has excellent dimensional stability.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the production of automotive components and aircraft windows.
Polymethyl methacrylate has good fire resistance properties.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: (C5O2H8)n
Molecular weight: 100-300 kg/mol
Density: 1.17 g/cm³
Melting point: 160-220 °C
Glass transition temperature: 105-115 °C
Refractive index: 1.49
Transparency: Transparent to translucent
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, methanol, and chloroform
Hardness: 2.0-2.5 Mohs
Tensile strength: 72-100 MPa
Elastic modulus: 2.7-3.3 GPa
Flexural strength: 100-120 MPa
Coefficient of thermal expansion: 70-90 x 10^-6/K
Heat deflection temperature: 90-105 °C
Water absorption: <0.4%
Dielectric constant: 3.4
Dielectric strength: 18-25 kV/mm
Flammability: Combustible
Biocompatibility: Generally biocompatible, can be used in medical implants and devices
UV resistance: Can degrade over time when exposed to UV light
Chemical resistance: Resistant to most acids, bases, and alcohols, but can be attacked by some organic solvents and oils
Weatherability: Good resistance to weathering and aging
Processing methods: Can be processed by injection molding, extrusion, and casting
Applications: Used in various applications such as automotive, lighting, signage, medical devices, lenses, and building materials.



FIRST AID


If inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention if breathing difficulties persist.

In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.
If irritation occurs, seek medical attention.

If the substance gets into the eyes, flush them with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

In case of ingestion, rinse the mouth and drink plenty of water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention immediately.


Note: These are general first aid measures and should not be considered as a substitute for professional medical advice.
In case of an emergency, always call your local emergency services.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Use personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing when handling.
Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact.

Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid the build-up of vapors and dust.
Do not smoke, eat, or drink while handling.


Storage:

Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.

Store away from incompatible materials, such as oxidizing agents and strong acids.
Store in a secure area away from unauthorized access.
Follow all applicable regulations for storage and handling of hazardous materials.



SYNONYMS


PMMA
Acrylic Glass
Lucite
Perspex
Plexiglas
Acrylite
Altuglas
Oroglas
Sumipex
Crylux
Vitroflex
Crystallite
Acrylex
Acrylplast
Optix
Resartglas
Gavrieli
Polycast
Reynobond
Sylglas
Calsak
Acrycast
Evonik Degussa
Deglas
PMMA
Acrylic glass
Acrylite
Lucite
Plexiglass
Perspex
Oroglas
Altuglas
Lucite
Acrylite
Altuglas
Oroglas
Shinkolite
Plexiglas
Sumipex
Astariglas
Cyro Acrylite
Diakon
Elvacite
Perspex
R-Cast
Paraglas
Plazit
Mirel
Optix
Acrycast
Acryform
Acrylite Hi-Gloss
Acryrex
Sintex
TroGlas
XT polymer
Zylar
Acrylplast
Cyrolite
Optix
Shinkolite
Sumipex
Deglas
Chemcast
Clearcast
Polyacrylate
Eudragit
Delpet
Paraplex
Resartglass
Sustaplast
Methacrylate polymer
Methacrylate resin
Glass-like acrylic
Mipolam

Polymethyl Methacrylate, an ester of methacrylic acid (CH2=C[CH3]CO2H), belongs to the important acrylic family of resins.
In modern production Polymethyl Methacrylate is obtained principally from propylene, a compound refined from the lighter fractions of crude oil.
Polymethyl Methacrylate, or PMMA, is a transparent organic polymer that is used as an alternative to glass.


CAS Number: 9011-14-7
Chemical formula: (C5O2H8)n


Polymethyl Methacrylate is a polymer produced by the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has a good optical property which is very close to glass transparency with 93% light transmittance.
In addition to that Polymethyl Methacrylate has good resistance for atmospheric conditions with low water absorption, dimensional stability, mechanical strength and rigidity.


With all this specifications Polymethyl Methacrylate mostly used as a substitute of glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent material.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is also known as acrylic or acrylic glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a rigid thermoplastic widely used as a shatterproof replacement for glass.


Polymethyl Methacrylate has many technical advantages over other transparent polymers (PC and PS) such as:
*High resistance to UV light and weathering
*Excellent light transmission
*Unlimited coloring options


Polymethyl Methacrylate or poly (methyl 2‐methylpropenoate) is produced from the monomer methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a clear, colorless polymer available in pellet, small granules, and sheet forms.
They are then formed with all thermoplastic methods including injection molding, compression molding, and extrusion.


The highest quality Polymethyl Methacrylate sheets are produced by cell casting, but in this case, the polymerization and molding steps occur concurrently.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is commonly called acrylic glass.
The strength of the material is higher than molding grades owing to its extremely high molecular mass.


Rubber toughening has been used to increase the toughness of Polymethyl Methacrylate owing to its brittle behavior in response to applied loads.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is 100% recyclable.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a rigid plastic that can find its application in a variety of industries.
This synthetic resin, Polymethyl Methacrylate, is formed by the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.


Polymethyl Methacrylate, an ester of methacrylic acid (CH2=C[CH3]CO2H), belongs to the important acrylic family of resins.
In modern production Polymethyl Methacrylate is obtained principally from propylene, a compound refined from the lighter fractions of crude oil.
Propylene and benzene are reacted together to form cumene, or isopropylbenzene; the cumene is oxidized to cumene hydroperoxide, which is treated with acid to form acetone; the acetone is in turn converted in a three-step process to methyl methacrylate (CH2=C[CH3]CO2CH3), a flammable liquid.


Methyl methacrylate, in bulk liquid form or suspended as fine droplets in water, is polymerized (its molecules linked together in large numbers) under the influence of free-radical initiators to form solid Polymethyl Methacrylate.
The presence of the pendant methyl (CH3) groups prevents the polymer chains from packing closely in a crystalline fashion and from rotating freely around the carbon-carbon bonds.


As a result, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a tough and rigid plastic.
In addition, Polymethyl Methacrylate has almost perfect transmission of visible light, and, because it retains these properties over years of exposure to ultraviolet radiation and weather, it is an ideal substitute for glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate was discovered in the early 1930s by British chemists Rowland Hill and John Crawford at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in England.


ICI registered the product under the trademark Perspex.
About the same time, chemist and industrialist Otto Röhm of Rohm and Haas AG in Germany attempted to produce safety glass by polymerizing methyl methacrylate between two layers of glass.
The polymer separated from the glass as a clear plastic sheet, which Röhm gave the trademarked name Plexiglas.


Both Perspex and Plexiglas were commercialized in the late 1930s. In the United States, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company (now DuPont Company) subsequently introduced its own product under the trademark Lucite.
The first major application of the new plastic took place during World War II, when Polymethyl Methacrylate was made into aircraft windows and bubble canopies for gun turrets.


Civilian applications followed after the war.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is the synthetic polymer derived from methyl methacrylate.
Being an engineering plastic, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent thermoplastic.


Polymethyl Methacrylate is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names and brands Crylux, Alfaplas, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Lucite, and Perspex, among several others.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is often technically classified as a type of glass, in that it is a non-crystalline vitreous substance—hence its occasional historic designation as acrylic glass.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is being transparent and durable, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a versatile material and has been used in a wide range of fields and applications such as rear-lights and instrument clusters for vehicles, appliances, and lenses for glasses.
Polymethyl Methacrylate in the form of sheets affords to shatter resistant panels for building windows, skylights, bulletproof security barriers, signs & displays, sanitary ware (bathtubs), LCD screens, furniture and many other applications.


Polymethyl Methacrylate is also used for coating polymers based on MMA providing outstanding stability against environmental conditions with reduced emission of VOC.
Methacrylate polymers are used extensively in medical and dental applications where purity and stability are critical to performance.
Eyeglass lenses are commonly made from Polymethyl Methacrylate.
Historically, hard contact lenses were frequently made of Polymethyl Methacrylate.


Soft contact lenses are often made of a related polymer, where acrylate monomers containing one or more hydroxyl groups make them hydrophilic.
In orthopedic surgery, Polymethyl Methacrylate bone cement is used to affix implants and to remodel lost bone.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is supplied as a powder with liquid methyl methacrylate (MMA).
Although Polymethyl Methacrylate is biologically compatible.


Bone cement acts like a grout and not so much like a glue in arthroplasty.
Although sticky, Polymethyl Methacrylate does not bond to either the bone or the implant; rather, it primarily fills the spaces between the prosthesis and the bone preventing motion.


A disadvantage of this bone cement is that Polymethyl Methacrylate heats up to 82.5 °C (180.5 °F) while setting that may cause thermal necrosis of neighboring tissue.
A careful balance of initiators and monomers is needed to reduce the rate of polymerization, and thus the heat generated.
In cosmetic surgery, tiny Polymethyl Methacrylate microspheres suspended in some biological fluid are injected as a soft-tissue filler under the skin to reduce wrinkles or scars permanently.


Polymethyl Methacrylate as a soft-tissue filler was widely used in the beginning of the century to restore volume in patients with HIV-related facial wasting.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used illegally to shape muscles by some bodybuilders.
Plombage is an outdated treatment of tuberculosis where the pleural space around an infected lung was filled with Polymethyl Methacrylate balls, in order to compress and collapse the affected lung.


Emerging biotechnology and biomedical research use Polymethyl Methacrylate to create microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices, which require 100 micrometre-wide geometries for routing liquids.
These small geometries are amenable to using Polymethyl Methacrylate in a biochip fabrication process and offers moderate biocompatibility.


Bioprocess chromatography columns use cast acrylic tubes as an alternative to glass and stainless steel.
These are pressure rated and satisfy stringent requirements of materials for biocompatibility, toxicity, and extractables.
Polymethyl Methacrylate, in the commercial form Technovit 7200 is used vastly in the medical field.


Polymethyl Methacrylate is used for plastic histology, electron microscopy, as well as many more uses.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has been used to create ultra-white opaque membranes that are flexible and switch appearance to transparent when wet.
Acrylic is used in tanning beds as the transparent surface that separates the occupant from the tanning bulbs while tanning.


The type of acrylic used in tanning beds is most often formulated from a special type of polymethyl methacrylate, a compound that allows the passage of ultraviolet rays.
Sheets of Polymethyl Methacrylate are commonly used in the sign industry to make flat cut out letters in thicknesses typically varying from 3 to 25 millimeters (0.1 to 1.0 in).
These letters may be used alone to represent a company's name and/or logo, or they may be a component of illuminated channel letters.


Acrylic is also used extensively throughout the sign industry as a component of wall signs where it may be a backplate, painted on the surface or the backside, a faceplate with additional raised lettering or even photographic images printed directly to it, or a spacer to separate sign components.
Polymethyl Methacrylate was used in Laserdisc optical media.
(CDs and DVDs use both acrylic and polycarbonate for impact resistance).


Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a light guide for the backlights in TFT-LCDs.
Plastic optical fiber used for short-distance communication is made from Polymethyl Methacrylate, and perfluorinated PMMA, clad with fluorinated PMMA, in situations where its flexibility and cheaper installation costs outweigh its poor heat tolerance and higher attenuation versus glass fiber.


Polymethyl Methacrylate, in a purified form, is used as the matrix in laser dye-doped organic solid-state gain media for tunable solid state dye lasers.
In semiconductor research and industry, Polymethyl Methacrylate aids as a resist in the electron beam lithography process.
A solution consisting of the polymer in a solvent is used to spin coat silicon and other semiconducting and semi-insulating wafers with a thin film.
Patterns on this can be made by an electron beam (using an electron microscope), deep UV light (shorter wavelength than the standard photolithography process), or X-rays.


Exposure to these creates chain scission or (de-cross-linking) within the Polymethyl Methacrylate, allowing for the selective removal of exposed areas by a chemical developer, making it a positive photoresist.
Polymethyl Methacrylate's advantage is that it allows for extremely high resolution patterns to be made.


Smooth Polymethyl Methacrylate surface can be easily nanostructured by treatment in oxygen radio-frequency plasma and nanostructured PMMA surface can be easily smoothed by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a shield to stop beta radiation emitted from radioisotopes.


Small strips of Polymethyl Methacrylate are used as dosimeter devices during the Gamma Irradiation process.
The optical properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate change as the gamma dose increases, and can be measured with a spectrophotometer.
A blacklight-reactive tattoo ink using Polymethyl Methacrylate microcapsules has been developed.


In the 1960s, luthier Dan Armstrong developed a line of electric guitars and basses whose bodies were made completely of acrylic.
These instruments were marketed under the Ampeg brand.
Ibanez and B.C. Rich have also made acrylic guitars.
Ludwig-Musser makes a line of acrylic drums called Vistalites, well known as being used by Led Zeppelin drummer John Bonham.


Artificial nails in the "acrylic" type often include Polymethyl Methacrylate powder.
Some modern briar, and occasionally meerschaum, tobacco pipes sport stems made of Lucite.
Polymethyl Methacrylate technology is utilized in roofing and waterproofing applications.


By incorporating a polyester fleece sandwiched between two layers of catalyst-activated Polymethyl Methacrylate resin, a fully reinforced liquid membrane is created in situ.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a widely used material to create deal toys and financial tombstones.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used by the Sailor Pen Company of Kure, Japan, in their standard models of gold-nib fountain pens, specifically as the cap and body material.


Polymethyl Methacrylate Normal cosmetics are added in a small amount in the formula and used as a additive.
For example, powder contains pearl powder, cloud mother, oil wax and the like, plus our Polymethyl Methacrylate, and then suppress it to the finished product. Different products are different, most of which are 3-8%.


Polymethyl Methacrylate is used skin sense and has excellent spreadability.
Polymethyl Methacrylate powder's main use coatings and ink products are widely suitable for the production of cosmetics products such as high -end powder, eye shadow, blush, BB cream, sunscreen, shampoo.


A most successful application is in internally lighted signs for advertising and directions.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is also employed in domed skylights, swimming pool enclosures, aircraft canopies, instrument panels, and luminous ceilings.
For these applications the plastic is drawn into sheets that are machined or thermoformed, but Polymethyl Methacrylate is also injection-molded into automobile lenses and lighting-fixture covers.


Because Polymethyl Methacrylate displays the unusual property of keeping a beam of light reflected within its surfaces, it is frequently made into optical fibres for telecommunication or endoscopy.
Acrylic plastic or Polymethyl Methacrylate finds its application in a variety of industries due to its properties, easy processing and cost-effectiveness.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is processed by injection molding, compression molding, extrusion or casting.


The extensive Polymethyl Methacrylate uses are a result of its advantageous properties and adaptability.
This transparent plastic is used in a lot of markets.
Other products where Polymethyl Methacrylate finds its application include paint, furniture and optical fibres used for telecommunication.


Also referred to as plexiglass or acrylic glass, Polymethyl Methacrylate is used because it is easy to shape, tough and cost-effective.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has the ability to keep a light beam reflected within the surface and is also resistant to UV radiation.
Acrylic glass can be used in a variety of products, including car windows, aquariums, screens of digital devices etc.


Polymethyl Methacrylate particles absorb oil while not trapping moisture in the skin.
Thanks to this feature, it provides a perfect feeling and spread on the skin without skin dryness.
Polymethyl Methacrylate provides long-lasting effect without drying the skin, reduces stickiness.


Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in Powder groups such as hand & face cream, day cream, BB & CC creams, lotion, sun products, foundation, concealer powder, blush are among the areas of use.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be used as a casting resin, in inks and coatings, and for many other purposes.


-Uses in dentistry:
Due to its aforementioned biocompatibility, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a commonly used material in modern dentistry, particularly in the fabrication of dental prosthetics, artificial teeth, and orthodontic appliances.


-Acrylic prosthetic construction:
Pre-polymerized, powdered Polymethyl Methacrylate spheres are mixed with a Methyl Methacrylate liquid monomer, Benzoyl Peroxide (initiator), and NN-Dimethyl-P-Toluidine (accelerator), and placed under heat and pressure to produce a hardened polymerized Polymethyl Methacrylate structure.
Through the use of injection molding techniques, wax based designs with artificial teeth set in predetermined positions built on gypsum stone models of patients' mouths can be converted into functional prosthetics used to replace missing dentition.
Polymethyl Methacrylate polymer and methyl methacrylate monomer mix are then injected into a flask containing a gypsum mold of the previously designed prosthesis, and placed under heat to initiate polymerization process.
Pressure is used during the curing process to minimize polymerization shrinkage, ensuring an accurate fit of the prosthesis.
Though other methods of polymerizing Polymethyl Methacrylate for prosthetic fabrication exist, such as chemical and microwave resin activation, the previously described heat-activated resin polymerization technique is the most commonly used due to its cost effectiveness and minimal polymerization shrinkage.


-Glass Substitute:
Acrylic glass is used as a shatterproof alternative for windows and skylights.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is also commonly used in aquariums and aircraft canopies.
A lot of hockey rinks also use Polymethyl Methacrylate.
Illuminated sign boards that display advertisements or directions are also usually made up of Polymethyl Methacrylate.


-Construction and Design:
Windows, doors, panels, canopies etc., all use polymethyl methacrylate due to its excellent properties such as heat insulation and light transmission.
Polymethyl Methacrylate may also be used in the construction of sinks, baths, knobs or tap tops.


-Automobile Industry:
One of the most important industries that require Polymethyl Methacrylate is the transportation and automobile industries.
From car windows to windshields, acrylic sheets can be found in a lot of spaces.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in the manufacturing of various automotive parts.
The aviation and marine industry also require this polymer.
Car indicator covers and panels are also made using plexiglass.


-Healthcare Industry:
Polymethyl Methacrylate polymer is also known as bone cement in the healthcare industry.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used by orthopaedic surgeons for procedures like joint replacement or treating bone damages.
Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be used to fill in the gaps between bones.
Optical fibres used for endoscopy also consist of Polymethyl Methacrylate.


-Cosmetic Usage:
Polymethyl Methacrylate has also found its usage in various beauty products and injectables.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in cosmetic procedures that treat ace, facial lines, wrinkles etc.


-Lamps and Lighting:
The light-emitting potential, transparency and other such properties allow Polymethyl Methacrylate to be used in LED lights and lamps.
You can find Polymethyl Methacrylate being used in street and traffic lights.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is manufactured in various colour options, which adds to its usability in lamps and other lighting devices.


-Electronic Devices:
Acrylic glass can be used in the display of various electronic equipment, including tv screens, laptops and smartphones.
This is due to its properties, such as transmittance and high optical clarity.


-Solar Devices:
The application of polymethyl methacrylate Polymethyl Methacrylate in solar panels is a result of its UV stability and light transmission ability.
Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be used in the construction of greenhouses, aquariums and marine centres.


-Artificial teeth:
While denture teeth can be made of several different materials, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a material of choice for the manufacturing of artificial teeth used in dental prosthetics.
Mechanical properties of the material allow for heightened control of aesthetics, easy surface adjustments, decreased risk of fracture when in function in the oral cavity, and minimal wear against opposing teeth.
Additionally, since the bases of dental prosthetics are often constructed using Polymethyl Methacrylate, adherence of PMMA denture teeth to PMMA denture bases is unparalleled, leading to the construction of a strong and durable prosthetic.


-Artistic and aesthetic uses:
Acrylic paint essentially consists of Polymethyl Methacrylate suspended in water; however since PMMA is hydrophobic, a substance with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups needs to be added to facilitate the suspension.
Modern furniture makers, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, seeking to give their products a space age aesthetic, incorporated Lucite and other Polymethyl Methacrylate products into their designs, especially office chairs.

Many other products (for example, guitars) are sometimes made with acrylic glass to make the commonly opaque objects translucent.
Perspex has been used as a surface to paint on, for example by Salvador Dalí.
Diasec is a process which uses acrylic glass as a substitute for normal glass in picture frames.

This is done for its relatively low cost, light weight, shatter-resistance, aesthetics and because Polymethyl Methacrylate can be ordered in larger sizes than standard picture framing glass.
As early as 1939, Los Angeles-based Dutch sculptor Jan De Swart experimented with samples of Lucite sent to him by DuPont; De Swart created tools to work the Lucite for sculpture and mixed chemicals to bring about certain effects of color and refraction.

From approximately the 1960s onward, sculptors and glass artists such as Jan Kubíček, Leroy Lamis, and Frederick Hart began using acrylics, especially taking advantage of the material's flexibility, light weight, cost and its capacity to refract and filter light.
In the 1950s and 1960s, Lucite was an extremely popular material for jewelry, with several companies specialized in creating high-quality pieces from this material.
Lucite beads and ornaments are still sold by jewelry suppliers.
Acrylic Sheets are produced in dozens of standard colors, most commonly sold using color numbers developed by Rohm & Haas in the 1950s.


-Application areas of Polymethyl Methacrylate:
*Airplane windows
*Spectacle glass
*Contact lens
*Object lens
*Signal lamp
*Lamp shade
*Glass applications
*Bath-tub


-Medical technologies and implants:
Polymethyl Methacrylate has a good degree of compatibility with human tissue, and it is used in the manufacture of rigid intraocular lenses which are implanted in the eye when the original lens has been removed in the treatment of cataracts.

This compatibility was discovered by the English ophthalmologist Harold Ridley in WWII RAF pilots, whose eyes had been riddled with Polymethyl Methacrylate splinters coming from the side windows of their Supermarine Spitfire fighters – the plastic scarcely caused any rejection, compared to glass splinters coming from aircraft such as the Hawker Hurricane.

Ridley had a lens manufactured by the Rayner company (Brighton & Hove, East Sussex) made from Perspex polymerised by ICI.
On 29 November 1949 at St Thomas' Hospital, London, Ridley implanted the first intraocular lens at St Thomas's Hospital in London.
In particular, acrylic-type lenses are useful for cataract surgery in patients that have recurrent ocular inflammation (uveitis), as acrylic material induces less inflammation.



SOME OF THE ADVANTAGES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE INCLUDE:
*Economical
*Resistance to weathering
*Various colouring options
*Tensile strength
*Easy to process and handle
*Versatility
*Biocompatibility
*UV Stability
*Durability
*Transmittance and better optical clarity
*Recyclable
*Polishability
*BPA-free, non-toxic



ADVANTAGES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
*Wide range of thermal/mechanical properties
*Impact strength
*Transparency
*Optical specifications
*Good gloss
*Availablity for food sector
*Dimensional stability
*Bright colors
*Low water absorbtion
*Resistant to atmospherical conditions
*Rigidity



POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE STRUCTURE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is formed by the free radical polymerization of monomer methyl methacrylate.
The polymethyl methacrylate structure is a vinyl polymer which is an ester of methacrylic acid (CH2=C[CH3]CO2H).
The pendant CH3 groups hinder the crystalline packing of the polymer chains.
Since they are not allowed to rotate freely around the C-C bond, the resulting structure is quite rigid.



ADVANTAGES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate has several advantages over other polymers like polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene etc.
doesn’t scratch easily or yellow over time.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as an alternative to other transparent polymers in situations where extreme strength is not required.



PROPERTIES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a strong, tough, and lightweight material. It has a density of 1.17–1.20 g/cm3, which is less than half that of glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate also has good impact strength, higher than both glass and polystyrene; however, Polymethyl Methacrylate's impact strength is still significantly lower than polycarbonate and some engineered polymers.
Polymethyl Methacrylate ignites at 460 °C (860 °F) and burns, forming carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide, and low-molecular-weight compounds, including formaldehyde.

Polymethyl Methacrylate transmits up to 92% of visible light (3 mm thickness), and gives a reflection of about 4% from each of its surfaces due to its refractive index (1.4905 at 589.3 nm).
Polymethyl Methacrylate filters ultraviolet (UV) light at wavelengths below about 300 nm (similar to ordinary window glass).

Some manufacturers add coatings or additives to Polymethyl Methacrylate to improve absorption in the 300–400 nm range.
Polymethyl Methacrylate passes infrared light of up to 2,800 nm and blocks IR of longer wavelengths up to 25,000 nm.
Colored Polymethyl Methacrylate varieties allow specific IR wavelengths to pass while blocking visible light (for remote control or heat sensor applications, for example).

Polymethyl Methacrylate swells and dissolves in many organic solvents; it also has poor resistance to many other chemicals due to its easily hydrolyzed ester groups.
Nevertheless, its environmental stability is superior to most other plastics such as polystyrene and polyethylene, and therefore Polymethyl Methacrylate is often the material of choice for outdoor applications.

Polymethyl Methacrylate has a maximum water absorption ratio of 0.3–0.4% by weight.
Tensile strength decreases with increased water absorption.
Polymethyl Methacrylate's coefficient of thermal expansion is relatively high at (5–10)×10−5 °C−1.



PRODUCTION OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is produced from propylene which is derived from the refining of crude oil.
The process of formation of methyl methacrylate polymer involves the following steps:
*Propylene reacts with benzene to form isopropylbenzene or cumene.
*Cumene gets oxidized to form cumene hydroperoxide.
*This reacts with an acid to form acetone.
*Acetone forms methyl methacrylate (CH2=C[CH3]CO2CH3) in liquid form.
The polymerization of this compound in the presence of free-radical initiators forms Polymethyl Methacrylate in solid form.



APPLICATION METHOD OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Cosmetics application:
*Oil and water decentralized powder foundation: two types: oil decentralized and water -decentralized type
* Emulsion foundation: O/W and W/O type paste or emulsion
*Solid foundation products dominated by powder: powder products (such as fragrant powder), block products (dry and wet powder), lipstick, etc.
Polymethyl Methacrylate, a synthetic resin produced from the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.
A transparent and rigid plastic, Polymethyl Methacrylate is often used as a substitute for glass in products such as shatterproof windows, skylights, illuminated signs, and aircraft canopies.



IS POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE RECYCLABLE?
Acrylic is 100% recyclable Polymethyl methacrylate is highly biocompatible, 100% recyclable, and non-biodegradable material. Polymethyl Methacrylate is considered as a group 7 plastic.
There are several ways to recycle Polymethyl Methacrylate.

Often these recycling processes involve:
Pyrolysis in which the Polymethyl Methacrylate is extremely heated in the absence of oxygen.
Depolymerization of Polymethyl Methacrylate using molten lead to obtain the monomer MMA in a purity >98%.
However, the second process is not environmentally viable due to the use of lead.
Polymethyl Methacrylate also produces harmful byproducts.

Recycled Acrylic can be formed into sheets.
They are used in:
*the construction of windows and doors,
*the medical sector,
*the advertising industry, and more.



POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE VS. PC - WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?
Acrylic, Polycarbonate, and glass are all transparent materials.
PC and Polymethyl Methacrylate are suitable, shatter-resistance alternatives to glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is often used as a lightweight alternative to glass.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a reasonable substitute for polycarbonate (PC) due to its cost-effectiveness and when extreme strength is not essential.
Also, Polymethyl Methacrylate is less likely to scratch and does not yellow over a period of time.

The other benefits which Polymethyl Methacrylate offers over PC include:
*very high transmissivity and better optical clarity
*can also be restored by polishing

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a great choice for optical devices because it is less damaging to tissues when it is fractured.
Although, by making Polymethyl Methacrylate/PC blends, the excellent optical clarity and surface hardness of Polymethyl Methacrylate can be combined with the superior toughness and very high glass transition temperature of PC.



PRODUCTION OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is produced with polymerization by using organic peroxides with methyl methacrylate.
Three different production processes are used:
· Suspension polymerization (with organic peroxides),
· Bulk polymerization (with organic peroxides)
· Emulsion polymerization.
For polymerization, organic peroxides are used such as Peroxides carbonates, Peroxyesters or Perketalls as a single initiator or in combination.



MODIFICATION OF PROPERTIES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Pure Polymethyl Methacrylate homopolymer is rarely sold as an end product, since it is not optimized for most applications.
Rather, modified formulations with varying amounts of other comonomers, additives, and fillers are created for uses where specific properties are required. For example,

A small amount of acrylate comonomers are routinely used in Polymethyl Methacrylate grades destined for heat processing, since this stabilizes the polymer to depolymerization ("unzipping") during processing.
Comonomers such as butyl acrylate are often added to improve impact strength.
Comonomers such as methacrylic acid can be added to increase the glass transition temperature of the polymer for higher temperature use such as in lighting applications.

Plasticizers may be added to improve processing properties, lower the glass transition temperature, improve impact properties, and improve mechanical properties such as elastic modulus.
Dyes may be added to give color for decorative applications, or to protect against (or filter) UV light.
Fillers may be added to improve cost-effectiveness.

The polymer of methyl acrylate, PMA or poly(methyl acrylate), is similar to poly(methyl methacrylate), except for the lack of methyl groups on the backbone carbon chain.
PMA is a soft white rubbery material that is softer than Polymethyl Methacrylate because its long polymer chains are thinner and smoother and can more easily slide past each other.



DAYLIGHT REDIRECTION:
Laser cut acrylic panels have been used to redirect sunlight into a light pipe or tubular skylight and, from there, to spread it into a room.
Their developers Veronica Garcia Hansen, Ken Yeang, and Ian Edmonds were awarded the Far East Economic Review Innovation Award in bronze for this technology in 2003.
Attenuation being quite strong for distances over one meter (more than 90% intensity loss for a 3000 K source), acrylic broadband light guides are then dedicated mostly to decorative uses.

Pairs of acrylic sheets with a layer of microreplicated prisms between the sheets can have reflective and refractive properties that let them redirect part of incoming sunlight in dependence on its angle of incidence.
Such panels act as miniature light shelves.

Such panels have been commercialized for purposes of daylighting, to be used as a window or a canopy such that sunlight descending from the sky is directed to the ceiling or into the room rather than to the floor.
This can lead to a higher illumination of the back part of a room, in particular when combined with a white ceiling, while having a slight impact on the view to the outside compared to normal glazing.



HISTORY OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate was developed in 1928 in several different laboratories by many chemists, such as William R. Conn, Otto Röhm, and Walter Bauer, and first brought to market in 1933 by German Röhm & Haas AG (as of January 2019, part of Evonik Industries) and its partner and former U.S. affiliate Rohm and Haas Company under the trademark Plexiglas.

The first acrylic acid was created in 1843.
Methacrylic acid, derived from acrylic acid, was formulated in 1865. The reaction between methacrylic acid and methanol results in the ester methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate was discovered in the early 1930s by British chemists Rowland Hill and John Crawford at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in the United Kingdom.
ICI registered the product under the trademark Perspex.

About the same time, chemist and industrialist Otto Röhm of Röhm and Haas AG in Germany attempted to produce safety glass by polymerizing methyl methacrylate between two layers of glass.
The polymer separated from the glass as a clear plastic sheet, which Röhm gave the trademarked name Plexiglas in 1933.

Both Perspex and Plexiglas were commercialized in the late 1930s.
In the United States, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company (now DuPont Company) subsequently introduced its own product under the trademark Lucite.
In 1936 ICI Acrylics (now Lucite International) began the first commercially viable production of acrylic safety glass.

During World War II both Allied and Axis forces used acrylic glass for submarine periscopes and aircraft windscreen, canopies, and gun turrets.
Aeroplane pilots whose eyes were damaged by flying shards of PMMA fared much better than those injured by standard glass, demonstrating better compatibility between human tissue and PMMA than glass.
Civilian applications followed after the war.



WHAT ARE THE PROCESSING CONDITIONS OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE?
Polymethyl Methacrylate is suitable for processing by injection molding, extrusion, extrusion blow molding (impact modified acrylics only), thermoforming and casting.
Pre-drying is not necessary if a vented cylinder is used.
But if a normal cylinder is used then Polymethyl Methacrylate must be processed dry.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is advisable to pre-dry the granules at 70-100°C for up to 8 hours.
Surface defects and blisters will form if damp granules are processed.

*Injection Molding
Melt temperature: 200-250°C
Mold temperature: 40-80°C
High injection pressures are needed because of poor flow properties. Polymethyl Methacrylate may be necessary to inject slowly to get the correct flow.
Internal stresses can be eliminated by heating at 80°C

*Extrusion
Extrusion temperature: 180-250°C
A degassing screw with an L/D ratio of 20-30 is recommended
Polymethyl Methacrylate can be welded by all the plastics welding processes such as hot‐blade, hot‐gas, ultrasonic or spin welding.

Due to its transparency and stiffness, Polymethyl Methacrylate is also used as 3D Printing material.
But Polymethyl Methacrylate requires a slightly high temperature and is a bit more prone to wrap as compared to PLA.
Polymethyl Methacrylate filaments are available in a wide array of colors.



HOW TO ENHANCE POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE PROPERTIES?
Pure Polymethyl Methacrylate sometimes does not exhibit property standards.
In order to meet the demand from specific applications, additives are added.
They further enhance the properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate.

These include impact resistance, chemical resistance, flame retardancy, light diffusion, UV light filtering, or optical effects.
Co-monomer methyl acrylate enhances thermal stability by decreasing the tendency to depolymerize during heat processing
Plasticizers are added to modify glass transition, impact strength
Fillers can be added to modify final material properties or improve cost-effectiveness
Dyes can be added during the polymerization used for UV light protection or impart certain color



BIODEGRADATION OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
The Futuro house was made of fibreglass-reinforced polyester plastic, polyester-polyurethane, and poly(methylmethacrylate); one of them was found to be degrading by cyanobacteria and Archaea.



ADVANTAGES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
1. With good oil absorption performance
2. The particle size range is wide
3. Dilute the contrast of the facial light and dark, and achieve concealer effects
4. Gives good smoothness and smooth feel
5. Polymethyl Methacrylate has good decentralization and stability in liquids containing organic solvents
6. The transparent characteristics can make some light through, reduce the paleness of the face, and achieve good makeup effects



HOW IS POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE MADE?
The monomer used to produce Polymethyl Methacrylate is methyl methacrylate.
Free-radical polymerization of Polymethyl Methacrylate occurs when it is in sheet form.
This transparent material, Polymethyl Methacrylate, can also be produced using suspension polymerization.



WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE?
Polymethyl Methacrylate polymer exhibits glass-like qualities.
These include clarity, brilliance, transparency, and translucence – at half the weight with up to 10 times the impact resistance.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is more robust and has less risk of damage.



NAMES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Common orthographic stylings include polymethyl methacrylate and polymethylmethacrylate.
The full IUPAC chemical name of Polymethyl Methacrylate is poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate).
(It is a common mistake to use "an" instead of "en".)
Although Polymethyl Methacrylate is often called simply "acrylic", acrylic can also refer to other polymers or copolymers containing polyacrylonitrile.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is an economical alternative to polycarbonate (PC) when tensile strength, flexural strength, transparency, polishability, and UV tolerance are more important than impact strength, chemical resistance, and heat resistance.
Additionally, Polymethyl Methacrylate does not contain the potentially harmful bisphenol-A subunits found in polycarbonate and is a far better choice for laser cutting.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is often preferred because of its moderate properties, easy handling and processing, and low cost.
Non-modified Polymethyl Methacrylate behaves in a brittle manner when under load, especially under an impact force, and is more prone to scratching than conventional inorganic glass, but modified Polymethyl Methacrylate is sometimes able to achieve high scratch and impact resistance.



SYNTHESIS OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is routinely produced by emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, and bulk polymerization.
Generally, radical initiation is used (including living polymerization methods), but anionic polymerization of Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be performed.



PROCESSING OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
The glass transition temperature (Tg) of atactic Polymethyl Methacrylate is 105 °C (221 °F).
The Tg values of commercial grades of Polymethyl Methacrylate range from 85 to 165 °C (185 to 329 °F); the range is so wide because of the vast number of commercial compositions that are copolymers with co-monomers other than methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is thus an organic glass at room temperature; i.e., it is below its Tg.

The forming temperature starts at the glass transition temperature and goes up from there.
All common molding processes may be used, including injection molding, compression molding, and extrusion.
The highest quality Polymethyl Methacrylate sheets are produced by cell casting, but in this case, the polymerization and molding steps occur concurrently.
The strength of the material is higher than molding grades owing to its extremely high molecular mass.
Rubber toughening has been used to increase the toughness of Polymethyl Methacrylate to overcome its brittle behavior in response to applied loads.



HANDLING, CUTTING, AND JOINING OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate can be joined using cyanoacrylate cement (commonly known as superglue), with heat (welding), or by using chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane or trichloromethane (chloroform) to dissolve the plastic at the joint, which then fuses and sets, forming an almost invisible weld.
Scratches may easily be removed by polishing or by heating the surface of the material.

Laser cutting may be used to form intricate designs from Polymethyl Methacrylate sheets.
Polymethyl Methacrylate vaporizes to gaseous compounds (including its monomers) upon laser cutting, so a very clean cut is made, and cutting is performed very easily.
However, the pulsed lasercutting introduces high internal stresses, which on exposure to solvents produce undesirable "stress-crazing" at the cut edge and several millimetres deep.

Even ammonium-based glass-cleaner and almost everything short of soap-and-water produces similar undesirable crazing, sometimes over the entire surface of the cut parts, at great distances from the stressed edge.
Annealing the Polymethyl Methacrylate sheet/parts is therefore an obligatory post-processing step when intending to chemically bond lasercut parts together.

In the majority of applications, Polymethyl Methacrylate will not shatter.
Rather, Polymethyl Methacrylate breaks into large dull pieces.
Since Polymethyl Methacrylate is softer and more easily scratched than glass, scratch-resistant coatings are often added to Polymethyl Methacrylate sheets to protect it (as well as possible other functions).

Acrylate resin casting:
Polymethyl Methacrylate "synthetic resin" for casting (simply the bulk liquid chemical) may be used in conjunction with a polymerization catalyst such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), to produce hardened transparent Polymethyl Methacrylate in any shape, from a mold.



TRANSPARENT GLASS SUBSTITUTE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is commonly used for constructing residential and commercial aquariums.
Designers started building large aquariums when poly(methyl methacrylate) could be used.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is less often used in other building types due to incidents such as the Summerland disaster.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used for viewing ports and even complete pressure hulls of submersibles, such as the Alicia submarine's viewing sphere and the window of the bathyscaphe Trieste.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in the lenses of exterior lights of automobiles.
Spectator protection in ice hockey rinks is made from Polymethyl Methacrylate.

Historically, Polymethyl Methacrylate was an important improvement in the design of aircraft windows, making possible such designs as the bombardier's transparent nose compartment in the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
Modern aircraft transparencies often use stretched acrylic plies.
Police vehicles for riot control often have the regular glass replaced with Polymethyl Methacrylate to protect the occupants from thrown objects.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is an important material in the making of certain lighthouse lenses.
Polymethyl Methacrylate was used for the roofing of the compound in the Olympic Park for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.
enabled a light and translucent construction of the structure.[37]
PMMA (under the brand name "Lucite") was used for the ceiling of the Houston Astrodome.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Chemical formula: (C5O2H8)n
Molar mass: Varies
Density: 1.18 g/cm3[1]
Melting point: 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K)[4]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −9.06×10−6 (SI, 22 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4905 at 589.3 nm
Appearance Form: solid
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Odor Threshold: Not applicable
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available

Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Density: 1,17 g/mL at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: insoluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: 304 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Environmental precautions:
No special precautionary measures necessary.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
-Further information: none



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special precautionary measures necessary.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Polymethyl Methacrylate is the synthetic polymer
Polymethyl Methacrylate is derived from methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent thermoplastic.


CAS NUMBER: 9011-14-7

EC NUMBER: 201-297-1

MOLECULAR FORMULA: CH2C(CH3)COOCH3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 100.12

IUPAC NAME: methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate


Polymethyl Methacrylate is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names
Polymethyl Methacrylate is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass.

Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be used as a casting resin
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in inks and coatings

Polymethyl Methacrylate can used for many other purposes.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is often technically classified as a type of glass, in that it is a non-crystalline vitreous substance

Polymethyl Methacrylate is an economical alternative to polycarbonate (PC)
Polymethyl Methacrylate has tensile strength, flexural strength, transparency and polishability

Polymethyl Methacrylate provides UV tolerance
Additionally, Polymethyl Methacrylate does not contain the potentially harmful bisphenol-A subunits found in polycarbonate

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a far better choice for laser cutting
Polymethyl Methacrylate has moderate properties

Polymethyl Methacrylate is easy handling and processing properties
Polymethyl Methacrylate is low cost.

Non-modified Polymethyl Methacrylate behaves in a brittle manner when under load, especially under an impact force
Polymethyl Methacrylate is more prone to scratching than conventional inorganic glassimpact resistance.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is routinely produced by emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, and bulk polymerization.
Generally, radical initiation is used (including living polymerization methods), but anionic polymerization of Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be performed

PROPERTIES:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a strong, tough, and lightweight material.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has a density of 1.17–1.20 g/cm3, which is less than half that of glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate also has good impact strength, higher than both glass and polystyrene

However, Polymethyl Methacrylate's impact strength is still significantly lower than polycarbonate and some engineered polymers.
Polymethyl Methacrylate ignites at 460 °C (860 °F) and burns, forming carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide, and low-molecular-weight compounds, including formaldehyde.
Polymethyl Methacrylate filters ultraviolet (UV) light at wavelengths below about 300 nm (similar to ordinary window glass).

Colored Polymethyl Methacrylate varieties allow specific IR wavelengths to pass while blocking visible light (for remote control or heat sensor applications, for example).
Polymethyl Methacrylate swells and dissolves in many organic solvents

Polymethyl Methacrylate also has poor resistance to many other chemicals due to its easily hydrolyzed ester groups.
Nevertheless, its environmental stability is superior to most other plastics such as polystyrene and polyethylene, and therefore it is often the material of choice for outdoor applications

Polymethyl Methacrylate has a maximum water absorption ratio of 0.3–0.4% by weight.
Tensile strength decreases with increased water absorption.
Polymethyl Methacrylate's coefficient of thermal expansion is relatively high at (5–10)×10−5 °C−1

USES:
Being transparent and durable, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a versatile material and has been used in a wide range of fields and applications such as rear-lights and instrument clusters for vehicles, appliances, and lenses for glasses.
Polymethyl Methacrylate in the form of sheets affords to shatter resistant panels for building windows, skylights, bulletproof security barriers, signs & displays, sanitary ware (bathtubs), LCD screens, furniture and many other applications.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is also used for coating polymers based on MMA provides outstanding stability against environmental conditions with reduced emission of VOC.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used extensively in medical and dental applications where purity and stability are critical to performance

*Transparent Glass Substitute:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is commonly used for constructing residential and commercial aquariums.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used for viewing ports and even complete pressure hulls of submersibles
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in the lenses of exterior lights of automobiles
Spectator protection in ice hockey rinks is made from Polymethyl Methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is an important material in the making of certain lighthouse lenses.

*Medical Technologies and Implants:
Polymethyl Methacrylate has a good degree of compatibility with human tissue
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in the manufacture of rigid intraocular lenses which are implanted in the eye when the original lens has been removed in the treatment of cataracts.
Eyeglass lenses are commonly made from Polymethyl Methacrylate.
In orthopedic surgery, Polymethyl Methacrylate bone cement is used to affix implants and to remodel lost bone.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is supplied as a powder with liquid methyl methacrylate (MMA).
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used to shape muscles by some bodybuilders.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in dentistry
Due to its aforementioned biocompatibility, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a commonly used material in modern dentistry, particularly in the fabrication of dental prosthetics, artificial teeth, and orthodontic appliances.

OTHER USES:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a light guide for the backlights in TFT-LCDs.
Plastic optical fiber used for short-distance communication is made from Polymethyl Methacrylate, and perfluorinated PMMA, clad with fluorinated PMMA, in situations where its flexibility and cheaper installation costs outweigh its poor heat tolerance and higher attenuation versus glass fiber.

Polymethyl Methacrylate, in a purified form, is used as the matrix in laser dye-doped organic solid-state gain media for tunable solid state dye lasers.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a shield to stop beta radiation emitted from radioisotopes.

Polymethyl Methacrylate technology is utilized in roofing and waterproofing applications.
By incorporating a polyester fleece sandwiched between two layers of catalyst-activated Polymethyl Methacrylate resin, a fully reinforced liquid membrane is created in situ.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a widely used material to create deal toys
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a cap and body material.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a synthetic resin produced from the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent and rigid plastic

Polymethyl Methacrylate is often used as a substitute for glass in products such as shatterproof windows, skylights, illuminated signs, and aircraft canopies.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is an ester of methacrylic acid

Polymethyl Methacrylate's molecular formula is CH2=C[CH3]CO2H
Polymethyl Methacrylate belongs to the important acrylic family of resins.
In modern production Polymethyl Methacrylate is obtained principally from propylene, a compound refined from the lighter fractions of crude oil.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is more popularly known as acrylic.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent and rigid thermoplastic.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is produced from the monomer methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate shows high resistance to UV light and weathering.

Due to its transparency, Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in car windows, smartphone screens to aquariums.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a tough plastic, easy to shape, and a great alternative to the high-cost and less resilient glass.

Polymethyl Methacrylate or poly (methyl 2‐methylpropenoate) is produced from the monomer methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent material.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is also known as acrylic or acrylic glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a rigid thermoplastic widely used as a shatterproof replacement for glass.

Polymethyl Methacrylate has many technical advantages over other transparent polymers (PC and PS) such as:
*High resistance to UV light and weathering
*Excellent light transmission
*Unlimited coloring options

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a clear, colorless polymer available in pellet, small granules, and sheet forms.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is commonly called acrylic glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is 100% recyclable.

What are the features of Polymethyl Methacrylate?
*Transmittance:
Polymethyl Methacrylate polymer exhibits glass-like qualities.
These include clarity, brilliance, transparency, and translucence – at half the weight with up to 10 times the impact resistance.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is more robust and has less risk of damage.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has a Refractive Index of 1.49.
Hence Polymethyl Methacrylate offers high light transmittance.
Polymethyl Methacrylate grades allow 92% of light to pass through it, which is more than glass or other plastics.
As compared to polystyrene and polyethylene, Polymethyl Methacrylate is recommended for most outdoor applications thanks to its environmental stability.

*Surface Hardness:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a tough and durable
Polymethyl Methacrylate is lightweight thermoplastic.
The density of acrylic ranges between 1.17-1.20 g/cm3 which is half less than that of glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has excellent scratch resistance when compared to other transparent polymers like Polycarbonate
Polymethyl Methacrylate exhibits low moisture and water-absorbing capacity, due to which products made have good dimensional stability.

*UV Stability:
Polymethyl Methacrylate has high resistance to UV light and weathering.
Most commercial acrylic polymers are UV stabilized for good resistance to prolonged exposure to sunlight as their mechanical and optical properties fairly vary under these conditions
Hence, Polymethyl Methacrylate is suitable for outdoor applications intended for long-term open-air exposure.


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 100.12

-XLogP3: 1.4

-Exact Mass: 100.052429494

-Monoisotopic Mass: 100.052429494

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Ų

-Physical Description: Colorless liquid with an acrid, fruity odor

-Color: Colorless

-Form: Volatile liquid

-Odor: Acrid, fruity odor

-Boiling Point: 100.5 °C

-Melting Point: -47.55 °C

-Flash Point: 50 °F

-Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in ether and acetone

-Density: 0.9337 g/cu cm

-Vapor Density: 3.45

-Vapor Pressure: 421 °C

-Surface Tension: 0.028 N/m

-Refractive Index: 1.4142


Polymethyl Methacrylate is a methyl ester of methacrylic acid.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a reactive resin, and the polymerized form is used as cement in dentistry, orthopaedic surgery and ophthalmology.

Polymethyl Methacrylate has relaxation effect on smooth muscle systemically, which might be a result of nitric oxide-mediated response.
Polymethyl Methacrylate appears as a clear colorless liquid.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is slightly soluble in water and floats on water
Polymethyl Methacrylate's vapors heavier than air.


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2

-Rotatable Bond Count: 2

-Heavy Atom Count: 7

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 94.3

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Chemical Classes: Plastics & Rubber -> (Meth)acrylates


Polymethyl Methacrylate may polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated with strong acid or base.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used to make plastics.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is an enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has a role as an allergen and a polymerisation monomer.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is an enoate ester and a methyl ester.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is functionally related to a methacrylic acid.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in the following products:
-polymers
-inks and toners
-paper chemicals
-dyes
-coating products
-non-metal-surface treatment products
-washing & cleaning products

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in building & construction work and printing and recorded media reproduction.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used for the manufacture of plastic products.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in polymers.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used for the manufacture of chemicals and plastic products.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names
Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be used as a casting resin

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in inks and coatings
Polymethyl Methacrylate can used for many other purposes.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is commonly used for constructing residential and commercial aquariums.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used for viewing ports and even complete pressure hulls of submersibles

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in the lenses of exterior lights of automobiles
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a shield to stop beta radiation emitted from radioisotopes.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a widely used material to create deal toys
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a cap and body material.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a synthetic resin produced from the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent and rigid plastic

Polymethyl Methacrylate is also known as acrylic or acrylic glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a clear, colorless polymer available in pellet, small granules, and sheet forms.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a methyl ester of methacrylic acid.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is slightly soluble in water and floats on water


SYNONYMS:

Polymethyl Methacrylate
PMMA
METHYL METHACRYLATE
80-62-6
methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
Methylmethacrylate
Methyl methylacrylate
Methyl 2-methylpropenoate
Methacrylic acid methyl ester
Pegalan
Methyl-methacrylat
Methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
Diakon
Acryester M
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester
Methacrylate de methyle
Methyl 2-methylacrylate
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid methyl ester
Methacrylsaeuremethyl ester
2-(Methoxycarbonyl)-1-propene
Metakrylan metylu
Methylmethacrylaat
Metil metacrilato
Methyl alpha-methylacrylate
Methyl methacrylate monomer
2-Methylacrylic acid, methyl ester
Methacrylic acid, methyl ester
Acrylic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester
2-Methyl-acrylic acid methyl ester
9011-14-7
Monocite methacrylate monomer
Methylester kyseliny methakrylove
2-methylacrylic acid methyl ester
Methyl .alpha.-methylacrylate
Cranioplast
Metaplex
Kallocryl A
Methyl methacrylate monomer, inhibited
143476-91-9
Methyl ester of 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid
196OC77688
114512-63-9
Methylmethacrylaat
Metakrylan metylu
Methyl-methacrylat
Metil metacrilato
9065-11-6
Methacrylate de methyle
Methacrylsaeuremethyl ester
EINECS 201-297-1
Methylester kyseliny methakrylove
AI3-24946
methoxymethacrolein
Acrylic resins (PMMA)
METHYL METHACTRYLATE
Methyl 2-methylacrylate
Methyl methacrylate (MMA)
EC 201-297-1
Methyl-.alpha.-methacrylate
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3
Methacrylic acid-methyl ester
Methyl methacrylate, 99%
CAS-80-62-6
Methacrylic Acid Methyl Ester
METHACRYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER
METHYL 2-METHYL-2-PROPENOATE
EN300-19210
C19504
A839957
Q382897
J-522614
F0001-2087
Methyl Methacrylate
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl methacrylate monomer
PROPENOIC ACID,2-METHYL,METHYLESTER (METHACRYLATE METHYLESTER)
97555-82-3

Polymethyl methacrylate, having the IUPAC name of poly [1-(methoxy carbonyl)- 1-methyl ethylene] from the hydrocarbon standpoint, and poly (methyl 2-methylpropenoate) from the ester standpoint, is a synthetic polymer from the methyl methacrylate monomer as illustrated.
Polymethyl methacrylate was discovered in the early 1930s by British chemists, Rowland Hill and John Crawford, followed by its first application by a German chemist, Otto Rohm, in 1934.
Polymethyl methacrylate is an optically clear (transparent) thermoplastic, and it is widely used as a substitute for inorganic glass, because it shows high impact strength, is lightweight, shatter-resistant, and exhibits favorable processing conditions.

CAS Number: 9011-14-7
Molecular Formula: C15H24O6X2
Molecular Weight: 300.35
EINECS Number: 618-466-4

Polymethyl methacrylate is an amorphous transparent thermoplastic polymer.
Polymethyl methacrylate is recognized as an optical polymer based on its refractive index of 1.49.
Hence, Polymethyl methacrylate is used in optical fibers.

Polymethyl methacrylate finds uses in biological applications because of its low water absorption capability and biocompatible.
The maximum moisture content of PMMA is 1.71% and SBF absorption is 1.96%.
Simulated Body fluid test (SBF) is a method to characterize the in vitro bioactivity of ceramic materials, by immersing the materials in an aqueous SBF solution.

Polymethyl methacrylate is the synthetic polymer derived from methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as an engineering plastic, and it is a transparent thermoplastic.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names and brands Crylux, Hesalite, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Lucite, and Perspex, among several others (see below).

This plastic is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass.
Polymethyl methacrylate can also be used as a casting resin, in inks and coatings, and for many other purposes.
Polymethyl methacrylate is often technically classified as a type of glass, in that it is a non-crystalline vitreous substance—hence its occasional historic designation as acrylic glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate Outstanding properties include weather resistance and scratch resistance.
The presence of the adjacent methyl group (CH3) in the polymer structure prevents it from packing closely in a crystalline fashion, and from rotating freely around the C-C bonds.
This is why Polymethyl methacrylate was found to be an amorphous thermoplastic.

The first major application of the polymer took place during World War II, when Polymethyl methacrylate was used as aircraft windows and bubble canopies for gun turrets.
Polymethyl methacrylate is one of the versatile transparent plastics which offers good mechanical and optical properties.
Some of these characteristics have enabled it to replace glass inseveral applications.

Learn more about all Polymethyl methacrylate properties and their values - ranging from mechanical to electrical to chemical properties, to make right selection for your application.
PMMA, or poly(methyl methacrylate) is a clear, colorless polymer with the molecular formula C5H8O2.
Polymethyl methacrylate is produced through polymerization, which involves placing the methyl methacrylate monomers into a mold with a catalyzing agent.

This allows Polymethyl methacrylate to be formed into a wide variety of shapes, ranging from large sheets and blocks to small pellets and granules.
Polymethyl methacrylate is compatible with all thermoplastic manufacturing methods (including injection molding, compression molding, and others), and can be subsequently machined, sized with saw or laser cutting, or polished.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a strong, tough, and lightweight material. It has a density of 1.17–1.20 g/cm3, which is less than half that of glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate also has good impact strength, higher than both glass and polystyrene, but significantly lower than polycarbonate and some engineered polymers.
Polymethyl methacrylate ignites at 460 °C (860 °F) and burns, forming carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide, and low-molecular-weight compounds, including formaldehyde.
Polymethyl methacrylate transmits up to 92% of visible light (3 mm thickness), and gives a reflection of about 4% from each of its surfaces due to its refractive index (1.4905 at 589.3 nm).

Polymethyl methacrylate filters ultraviolet (UV) light at wavelengths below about 300 nm (similar to ordinary window glass).
Some manufacturers add coatings or additives to PMMA to improve absorption in the 300–400 nm range.
Polymethyl methacrylate passes infrared light of up to 2,800 nm and blocks IR of longer wavelengths up to 25,000 nm.

Polymethyl methacrylate varieties allow specific IR wavelengths to pass while blocking visible light (for remote control or heat sensor applications, for example).
Polymethyl methacrylate swells and dissolves in many organic solvents; it also has poor resistance to many other chemicals due to its easily hydrolyzed ester groups.
Nevertheless, its environmental stability is superior to most other plastics such as polystyrene and polyethylene, and therefore it is often the material of choice for outdoor applications.

Polymethyl methacrylate has a maximum water absorption ratio of 0.3–0.4% by weight.
Tensile strength decreases with increased water absorption.
Polymethyl methacrylate is coefficient of thermal expansion is relatively high at (5–10)×10−5 °C−1.

Polymethyl methacrylate is a clear, colorless polymer available in pellet, small granules, and sheet forms.
They are then formed with all thermoplastic methods including injection molding, compression molding, and extrusion.
The highest quality Polymethyl methacrylate sheets are produced by cell casting, but in this case, the polymerization and molding steps occur concurrently.

Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly called acrylic glass.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a transparent and rigid plastic often used instead of glass in products such as shatterproof windows, illuminated signs, skylights, and aircraft canopies.
Polymethyl methacrylate belongs to the important acrylic family of resins.

Acrylic is chemically known as Polymethyl methacrylate and is a synthetic resin created from the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a promising polymer for applications in optical, pneumatic actuation, sensor, analytical separation, and conductive devices.
Other applications include the use of Polymethyl methacrylate in biomedical applications, polymer electrolytes, polymer viscosity, and drug delivery using electro-diffusion or electro-osmotic flow.

Due to its compatibility and easy processing as a polymer moiety, Polymethyl methacrylate with carbon nanotubes or other inorganic materials plays an important role in the development of nanotechnology.
Wang et al., in the preparation of carbon nanotube polymer composites, used poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) with poly (methyl methacrylate)-g-multi walled carbon nanotubes.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, and by the trade names and brands Crylux, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Perclax, Astariglas, Lucite, and Perspex, among others.

Polymethyl methacrylate is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass.
Polymethyl methacrylate can also be used as a casting resin and in inks, and coatings.
Polymethyl methacrylate is part of a group of materials called engineering plastics.

The Futuro house was made of fibreglass-reinforced polyester plastic, polyester-polyurethane, and poly(methylmethacrylate); one of them was found to be degrading by cyanobacteria and Archaea.
Polymethyl methacrylate can be joined using cyanoacrylate cement (commonly known as superglue), with heat (welding), or by using chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane or trichloromethane (chloroform) to dissolve the plastic at the joint, which then fuses and sets, forming an almost invisible weld.
Scratches may easily be removed by polishing or by heating the surface of the material.

Laser cutting may be used to form intricate designs from Polymethyl methacrylate sheets.
Polymethyl methacrylate vaporizes to gaseous compounds (including its monomers) upon laser cutting, so a very clean cut is made, and cutting is performed very easily.
However, the pulsed lasercutting introduces high internal stresses, which on exposure to solvents produce undesirable "stress-crazing" at the cut edge and several millimetres deep.

Even ammonium-based glass-cleaner and almost everything short of soap-and-water produces similar undesirable crazing, sometimes over the entire surface of the cut parts, at great distances from the stressed edge.
Annealing the Polymethyl methacrylate sheet/parts is therefore an obligatory post-processing step when intending to chemically bond lasercut parts together.
In the majority of applications, Polymethyl methacrylate will not shatter.

Rather, Polymethyl methacrylate breaks into large dull pieces.
Since Polymethyl methacrylate is softer and more easily scratched than glass, scratch-resistant coatings are often added to Polymethyl methacrylate sheets to protect it (as well as possible other functions).
Polymethyl methacrylate is rarely sold as an end product, since it is not optimized for most applications.

A small amount of acrylate comonomers are routinely used in Polymethyl methacrylate grades destined for heat processing, since this stabilizes the polymer to depolymerization ("unzipping") during processing.
Polymethyl methacrylates such as butyl acrylate are often added to improve impact strength.
Polymethyl methacrylates such as methacrylic acid can be added to increase the glass transition temperature of the polymer for higher temperature use such as in lighting applications.

Polymethyl methacrylates may be added to improve processing properties, lower the glass transition temperature, improve impact properties, and improve mechanical properties such as elastic modulus.
Dyes may be added to give color for decorative applications, or to protect against (or filter) UV light.
Fillers may be substituted to reduce cost.

Polymethyl methacrylate is a tough, highly transparent material with excellent resistance to ultraviolet radiation and weathering.
Polymethyl methacrylate can be coloured, moulded, cut, drilled, and formed. These properties make it ideal for many applications including airplane windshields, skylights, automobile taillights, and outdoor signs.
Polymethyl methacrylate, comes from the Greek words poly, meaning many, and meros, meaning a part.

A polymer, therefore, is a material made up of many molecules, or parts, linked together like a chain.
Polymethyl methacrylates may have hundreds, or even thousands, of molecules linked together.
More importantly, a Polymethyl methacrylate is a material that has properties entirely different than its component parts.

Polymethyl methacrylate is the basic molecule, or monomer, from which polymethyl methacrylate and many other acrylic plastic polymers are formed.
The chemical notation for this material is [CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3].
Polymethyl methacrylate is written in this format, rather than the more common chemical notation [C5H8O2], to show the double bond (=) between the two carbon atoms in the middle.

Polymethyl methacrylate is more popularly known as acrylic.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a transparent and rigid thermoplastic.
Polymethyl methacrylate is produced from the monomer methyl methacrylate.

Polymethyl methacrylate shows high resistance to UV light and weathering.
Due to its transparency, PMMA is used in car windows, smartphone screens to aquariums.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a tough plastic, easy to shape, and a great alternative to the high-cost and less resilient glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate is a cost-effective alternative to polycarbonate when desired properties are tensile strength, flexural strength, and transparency.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a transparent material.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also known as acrylic or acrylic glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate is made through polymerization, as it is one of the synthetic polymers.
First, Polymethyl methacrylate is put in a mold with a catalyst added to speed up the process.
Because of this polymerization process, Polymethyl methacrylate can be shaped into many forms, such as sheets, resins, blocks, and beads.

Acrylic glue can also help soften the pieces of Polymethyl methacrylate and weld them together.
Polymethyl methacrylate is easily manipulated in different ways.
Polymethyl methacrylate can be bonded to other materials to help enhance its properties.

Through thermoforming, Polymethyl methacrylate is flexible when heated and solidified when cooled.
Polymethyl methacrylate can be sized appropriately using a saw or laser cutting.
If polished, scratches are removed from the surface, helping to maintain its integrity.

Polymethyl methacrylate is a transparent amorphous polymer.
Polymethyl methacrylate is well known under many other (brand)names such as acrylic, acrylic glass, Plexiglas or Perspex.
Polymethyl methacrylate is very well suited to replace glass where a higher (impact) strength, lower weight and/or easier formability are desired.

Important applications are in windows for aircrafts, safety glass, lighting armatures, car lighting and lenses.
Because the weathering resistance of Polymethyl methacrylate is very good, it is especially suitable for outdoor applications with a long lifespan.
Polymethyl methacrylate is an amorphous transparent thermoplastic polymer.

Polymethyl methacrylate is recognized as an optical polymer based on its refractive index (1.49).
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in optical fibers.
Polymethyl methacrylate finds uses in biological applications because of its lower water absorption capability and biocompatibility.

The maximum moisture content of Polymethyl methacrylate is 1.71% and SBF absorption is 1.96%.
Simulated Body fluid test (SBF) is a method to identify the in vitro bioactivity of ceramic materials, by immersing the materials in an aqueous SBF solution.
Polymethyl methacrylate, which lazy scientists call PMMA, is a clear plastic, used as a shatterproof replacement for glass.

The clear barrier at the ice rink which keeps hockey pucks from flying in the faces of hockey fans is made of Polymethyl methacrylate.
When Polymethyl methacrylate comes to making windows, PMMA has another advantage over glass.
Polymethyl methacrylate is more transparent than glass.

When glass windows are made too thick, they become difficult to see through.
But Polymethyl methacrylate windows can be made as much as 13 inches (33 cm) thick, and they're still perfectly transparent.
This makes Polymethyl methacrylate a wonderful material for making large aquariums, with windows which must be thick in order to contain the high pressure of millions of gallons of water.

Polymethyl methacrylate, is widely known as a plastic component used in products such as plexiglass and other transparent glass substitutes, it is appearing as an ingredient in a number of cosmetics and aestheticians' offices as a filler for wrinkles and fine lines.
According to Wikipedia, Polymethyl methacrylate is chemically "is the synthetic polymer of methyl methacrylate" (an organic methyl ester).
Polymethyl methacrylate's naturally compatible with human tissue, and was a frequent component of contact lenses in the past; it's also been used for dentures and bone replacement, when combined with bovine collagen.

When used in cosmetic surgery, Polymethyl methacrylate microspheres are suspended in biological fluid and injected under the skin to reduce wrinkles or scars permanently.
Polymethyl methacrylate is one of the amorphous polymers that belong to the acrylate family.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a clear, colorless polymer with a glass transition temperature range of 100 degree to 130 degree, and a density of 1.20 g/cm3 at room temperature.

Polymethyl methacrylate melts at 130 degree, with a water absorptivity of 0.3%, moisture absorption at equilibrium of 0.3 to 0.33%, and a linear shrinkage mold of 0.003 to 0.0065 cm/cm.
Polymethyl methacrylate is among the polymers that have high resistance to sunshine exposure because it has a small variation under the effect of UV-radiation.
Polymethyl methacrylate has very good thermal stability, and is known to withstand temperatures as high as 100 degree and as low as 70 degree.

Polymethyl methacrylate also possesses very good optical properties, with a refractive index of 1.490, and a good degree of compatibility with human tissue.
Polymethyl methacrylate is an organic polymer, and its solubility is expected to be governed by “like-dissolve-like,” with polarity playing a major role.
Polymethyl methacrylate shows little deviation, as its solubility is more complex, starting with swelling in the solvent and the subsequent formation of a very soft layer on its surface.

This is then followed by diffusion of the solvent into the whole polymer before it gives a homogenous solution with the solvent.
This is the reason why Polymethyl methacrylate takes a few minutes before it is dissolved completely, even if it is in its best solvent.
Polymethyl methacrylate hydrolyzed completely with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to become poly (methacrylic acid) (PMAA).

Hydrochloric acid and hydro-iodic acid are capable of hydrolyzing Polymethyl methacrylate, but at a slow rate when compared to sulfuric acid.
Polymethyl methacrylate has a predominantly elemental composition of carbon and hydrogen.
Therefore, Polymethyl methacrylate is liable to undergo an exothermic combustion reaction to yield gaseous products (CO2, CO, H2O,) and energy like any other hydrocarbon.

The thermal decomposition of Polymethyl methacrylate has been extensively studied in the absence of oxygen.
The decomposition temperature varies, depending on the approach used in the synthesis of the polymer.
Radically polymerized Polymethyl methacrylate containing terminal C-C bonds decompose at a temperature of 220 degree with simple mechanisms of monomer repeat units bond scission and C-C bond random scission.

Melting point: 150 °C
Boiling point: 108 °C
Density: 1.188 g/mL at 25 °C
refractive index: n20/D 1.49
Flash point: 250 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: alcohols and aliphatic hydrocarbons: insoluble
form: powder
color: White
Specific Gravity: 1.188
Viscosity: 2.0 to 4.0 mPa-s(0.5g/50mL THF, 20 ℃)
Water Solubility: Soluble in tetrahydrofuran, toluene, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate and chloroform. Insoluble in water, alcohols and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: 1.346 (est)

Polymethyl methacrylate is a suspension of microscopic synthetic polymer beads (microspheres) in a vehicle such as bovine collagen, hyaluronic acid or some other colloidal suspending agent.
Polymethyl methacrylate and MetaCrill (PMMA suspended in a chemical colloid) are two brands of PMMA injectable augmentation products.
The resin has long been used by orthopaedic surgeons in bone cement for joint replacement or to replace a skull bone defect.

Polymethyl methacrylate or possibly more widely known as acrylic is a superb optical material with both high levels of visible and UV light transmission.
Polymethyl methacrylate is widely used in a multitude of point of sale display applications and due to its compatibility with human tissue has found use in a number of medical applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate may be formed in several ways.

One common way is to react acetone [CH3COCH3] with hydrogen cyanide [HCN] to produce acetone cyanhydrin [(CH3)2C(OH)CN].
This in turn is reacted with methyl alcohol [CH3OH] to produce Polymethyl methacrylate.
Other similar monomers such as Polymethyl methacrylate [CH2=CHCOOCH] and acrylonitrile [CH2=CHCN] can be joined with methyl methacrylate to form different acrylic plastics.

When two or more monomers are joined together, the result is known as a copolymer.
Just as with Polymethyl methacrylate, both monomers have a double bond on the middle carbon atoms that splits during polymerisation to link with the carbon atoms of other molecules.
Controlling the proportion of these other monomers produces changes in elasticity and other properties in the resulting plastic.

Common orthographic stylings include polymethyl methacrylate and polymethylmethacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate is often called simply "acrylic", acrylic can also refer to other polymers or copolymers containing polyacrylonitrile.
Notable trade names and brands include Hesalite (when used in Omega watches), Acrylite, Lucite, PerClax, R-Cast, Plexiglas, Optix, Perspex, Oroglas, Altuglas, Cyrolite, Astariglas, Cho Chen,] Sumipex, and Crystallite.

Polymethyl methacrylate is an economical alternative to polycarbonate (PC) when tensile strength, flexural strength, transparency, polishability, and UV tolerance are more important than impact strength, chemical resistance, and heat resistance.
Additionally, Polymethyl methacrylate does not contain the potentially harmful bisphenol-A subunits found in polycarbonate and is a far better choice for laser cutting.
Polymethyl methacrylate is often preferred because of its moderate properties, easy handling and processing, and low cost.

Non-modified Polymethyl methacrylate behaves in a brittle manner when under load, especially under an impact force, and is more prone to scratching than conventional inorganic glass, but modified Polymethyl methacrylate is sometimes able to achieve high scratch and impact resistance.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a commonly used manufacturing plastic.
Because of its high transparency, Polymethyl methacrylate is also known as “acrylic glass” or “plexiglass.”

Polymethyl methacrylate is a commonly used manufacturing plastic. Because of its high transparency, Polymethyl methacrylate is also known as “acrylic glass” or “plexiglass.”
The material characteristics of Polymethyl methacrylate are noteworthy for a few reasons: it is a highly translucent, glass-like material that offers high impact and environmental resistance, making it an excellent alternative for true glass in applications where shatter resistance is a desired trait.
This includes aircraft and automotive windscreens, architectural applications, electronics, aquarium windows, and even medical implants.

Polymethyl methacrylate also has some disadvantages: as we have already mentioned, the material deforms under the influence of high temperatures.
Polymethyl methacrylate is therefore not heat-resistant and therefore cannot be used for safety applications, such as glazing in passenger transport vehicles.
Due to its weight, strength and relatively low price, Polymethyl methacrylate is often used for glazing large surfaces, such as wind and noise barriers.

Thanks to its strength, Polymethyl methacrylate is widely used in very large aquariums and basins in zoos.
This requires a glass thickness of up to 30 centimetres, if ordinary glass was used for this, the transparency would be too low and, moreover, the glazing would be much too heavy.
Polymethyl methacrylate can be obtained from its monomer using different techniques of polymerization.

The monomer undergoes polymerization using the common methods of free radical and anionic initiations by bulk, solution, suspension, and emulsion techniques.
Following the discovery of a new technique of Polymethyl methacrylate by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski in 1995 called Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP), Matyjaszewski et al. successfully polymerized the monomer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) to produce PMMA as a living polymer with 80% conversion, poly-dispersity as low as 1.1, and an Mn of 20,000 in a few hours.

History:
The first acrylic acid was created in 1843. Methacrylic acid, derived from acrylic acid, was formulated in 1865.
The reaction between methacrylic acid and methanol results in the ester methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate was developed in 1928 in several different laboratories by many chemists, such as William R. Conn, Otto Röhm, and Walter Bauer, and first brought to market in 1933 by German Röhm & Haas AG (as of January 2019, part of Evonik Industries) and its partner and former U.S. affiliate Rohm and Haas Company under the trademark Plexiglas.

Polymethyl methacrylate was discovered in the early 1930s by British chemists Rowland Hill and John Crawford at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in the United Kingdom.
ICI registered the product under the trademark Perspex.
About the same time, chemist and industrialist Otto Röhm of Röhm and Haas AG in Germany attempted to produce safety glass by polymerizing methyl methacrylate between two layers of glass.

The polymer separated from the glass as a clear plastic sheet, which Röhm gave the trademarked name Plexiglas in 1933.
Both Perspex and Plexiglas were commercialized in the late 1930s.
In the United States, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company (now DuPont Company) subsequently introduced its own product under the trademark Lucite.

In 1936 ICI Acrylics (now Lucite International) began the first commercially viable production of acrylic safety glass.
During World War II both Allied and Axis forces used acrylic glass for submarine periscopes and aircraft windscreen, canopies, and gun turrets.
Civilian applications followed after the war.

Uses:
Polymethyl methacrylate composites have be used in biomedical applications such as dentistry, orthopedic retainers, and bone replacement.
Polymethyl methacrylate has been used as substrate for graphene growth.
Polymethyl methacrylate, in the commercial form Technovit 7200 is used vastly in the medical field.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used for plastic histology, electron microscopy, as well as many more uses.
Polymethyl methacrylate has been used to create ultra-white opaque membranes that are flexible and switch appearance to transparent when wet.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in tanning beds as the transparent surface that separates the occupant from the tanning bulbs while tanning.

The type of Polymethyl methacrylate used in tanning beds is most often formulated from a special type of polymethyl methacrylate, a compound that allows the passage of ultraviolet rays.
Sheets of Polymethyl methacrylate are commonly used in the sign industry to make flat cut out letters in thicknesses typically varying from 3 to 25 millimeters (0.1 to 1.0 in).
These letters may be used alone to represent a company's name and/or logo, or they may be a component of illuminated channel letters.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used extensively throughout the sign industry as a component of wall signs where it may be a backplate, painted on the surface or the backside, a faceplate with additional raised lettering or even photographic images printed directly to it, or a spacer to separate sign components.
Polymethyl methacrylate was used in Laserdisc optical media.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a light guide for the backlights in TFT-LCDs.

Plastic optical fiber used for short-distance communication is made from Polymethyl methacrylate, and perfluorinated PMMA, clad with fluorinated Polymethyl methacrylate, in situations where its flexibility and cheaper installation costs outweigh its poor heat tolerance and higher attenuation versus glass fiber.
Polymethyl methacrylate, in a purified form, is used as the matrix in laser dye-doped organic solid-state gain media for tunable solid state dye lasers.
In semiconductor research and industry, Polymethyl methacrylate aids as a resist in the electron beam lithography process.

A solution consisting of the polymer in a solvent is used to spin coat silicon and other semiconducting and semi-insulating wafers with a thin film.
Patterns on this can be made by an electron beam (using an electron microscope), deep UV light (shorter wavelength than the standard photolithography process), or X-rays.
Exposure to these creates chain scission or (de-cross-linking) within the PMMA, allowing for the selective removal of exposed areas by a chemical developer, making it a positive photoresist.

Polymethyl methacrylate's advantage is that it allows for extremely high resolution patterns to be made.
Smooth Polymethyl methacrylate surface can be easily nanostructured by treatment in oxygen radio-frequency plasma and nanostructured PMMA surface can be easily smoothed by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a shield to stop beta radiation emitted from radioisotopes.

Small strips of Polymethyl methacrylate are used as dosimeter devices during the Gamma Irradiation process.
The optical properties of Polymethyl methacrylate change as the gamma dose increases, and can be measured with a spectrophotometer.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a rigid thermoplastic widely used as a shatterproof replacement for glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate composites have be used in biomedical applications such as dentistry, orthopedic retainers, and bone replacement.
Polymethyl methacrylate has been used as substrate for graphene growth.
Being transparent and durable, Polymethyl methacrylate is a versatile material and has been used in a wide range of fields and applications such as rear-lights and instrument clusters for vehicles, appliances, and lenses for glasses.

Polymethyl methacrylate in the form of sheets affords to shatter resistant panels for building windows, skylights, bulletproof security barriers, signs & displays, sanitary ware (bathtubs), LCD screens, furniture and many other applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used for coating polymers based on MMA provides outstanding stability against environmental conditions with reduced emission of VOC.
Polymethyl methacrylates are used extensively in medical and dental applications where purity and stability are critical to performance.

Polymethyl methacrylate has been used in the area of biomedical applications, which involves the preparation of bone cements for drug delivery/release and cranioplasty.
The qualities that made the polymer a potential material for these applications include: non-toxicity, less cost, easy processability, compatibility, minimal inflammatory reactions with tissues, and greater fracture resistance, especially when used in cranioplasty.
Polymethyl methacrylate has also been used to widen the applications of chitosan in various fields that include biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

Zuhair et al. reported the successful grafting of a PMMA/chitosan blend.
The results indicated an increase in the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and flexural modulus.
The degradation, porosity, and water absorbency of the blend in synthetic body fluid (SBF) with a pH of 7.4 increased with an increase in the chitosan percentage and immersion time in SBF.

These behaviors exhibited by the Polymethyl methacrylate/chitosan blend illustrate its potentials for drug release applications.
Molecular separations in Polymethyl methacrylate can be achieved in an advanced way by the use of chromatographic techniques, which involve the use of a stationary phase (inert solid support) and mobile phase (usually solvent or mixture of solvents).
The common solid supports used are inorganic materials such as silica and alumina, but they have low patronage due to their disadvantages in separating some organic molecules, and limited modifications for maximum efficiency.

Therefore, both natural and synthetic polymers have recently been used to replace the inorganic materials.
Polymethyl methacrylate is the most promising synthetic polymer for applications in molecular separation due to its low cost, compatibility, ease of modification, and processability.
Optical science is relevant and studied in many disciplines, including engineering, medicine, pure science, and astronomy.

Practical applications are found in lenses, microscopes, lasers, fibers, and polymers, to name a few.
The optical activity of any material is the result exhibited by that material when interacting with light and the refractive index is the measure of that activity.
The optical applications of Polymethyl methacrylate are due to its refractive index, good resistance to UV light, chemical durability, and good mechanical properties.

Organic polymers are usually cheap, lightweight, and easily processed substrates, and are therefore good for immobilizing semiconductors for heterogeneous photocatalytic applications.
Camara et al. revealed the investigation of eleven synthetic polymers susceptible to coating with TiO2 for exposure to solar radiation, with and without the TiO2 layer, for 150 days to study the weathering.
They observed that only the Polymethyl methacrylate retains good optical and mechanical properties of the Titania after natural weathering.

Therefore, Polymethyl methacrylate is the best candidate for the immobilization of TiO2 for photocatalytic treatment applications.
Polymethyl methacrylates are electrical insulators.
However, conducting polymers can be prepared using an insulating polymer and electrically conductive fillers called dopants.

The electrical properties of Polymethyl methacrylate doped with conducting materials under various experimental conditions including photo-induced changes, has been studied.
Polymethyl methacrylate was used as an organic insulator, while the PVA-PAA-glycerol was a semiconducting polymer.
Polymethyl methacrylates were used as bottom and top electrodes for the fabricated devices.

Finally, organic memory devices were prepared based on the Au-PtAg nanoparticles as charge storage elements.
Polymethyl methacrylate was used as the organic insulator.
A polymer electrolyte membrane for battery application must play the following roles: must enable positive ion transport such as Li+ between the electrodes, must block the electron transport, and must be rigid to prevent direct contact between the electrodes.

The application of Polymethyl methacrylate in the polymer electrolyte was due to the amorphous nature for porosity’s sake and the mechanical strength it has for the provision of the rigidity to the polymer electrolyte membrane.
In search of the production of a quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using a high conductivity polymer gel electrolyte, a suitable polymeric material was needed to be a host matrix in the composite.
Therefore, Polymethyl methacrylate was found to be a good and compatible polymer for this purpose.

This was attributed to its mechanical strength, compatibility, and optical clarity.
Due to the wider application of nanocomposites in the field of nanotechnology, many researchers focused their attention on nanocomposites, their fabrication, and applications.
Perween et al. reported the use of Polymethyl methacrylate and graphite to fabricate plastic chip electrodes (PCEs) via a simple solution casting method.

This characterization was made using microscopy (SEM and AFM) as well as thermal properties (TGA), and mechanical and electrical properties.
The fabricated electrode was economically inexpensive, multipurpose, and dispensable for various applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly used for constructing residential and commercial aquariums. Designers started building large aquariums when poly(methyl methacrylate) could be used.

Polymethyl methacrylate is less often used in other building types due to incidents such as the Summerland disaster.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used for viewing ports and even complete pressure hulls of submersibles, such as the Alicia submarine's viewing sphere and the window of the bathyscaphe Trieste.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the lenses of exterior lights of automobiles.

Spectator protection in ice hockey rinks is made from Polymethyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate was an important improvement in the design of aircraft windows, making possible such designs as the bombardier's transparent nose compartment in the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
Modern aircraft transparencies often use stretched acrylic plies.

Police vehicles for riot control often have the regular glass replaced with Polymethyl methacrylate to protect the occupants from thrown objects.
Polymethyl methacrylate is an important material in the making of certain lighthouse lenses.
Polymethyl methacrylate was used for the roofing of the compound in the Olympic Park for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

Polymethyl methacrylate enabled a light and translucent construction of the structure.
Polymethyl methacrylate panels have been used to redirect sunlight into a light pipe or tubular skylight and, from there, to spread it into a room.
Their developers Veronica Garcia Hansen, Ken Yeang, and Ian Edmonds were awarded the Far East Economic Review Innovation Award in bronze for this technology in 2003.

Attenuation being quite strong for distances over one meter (more than 90% intensity loss for a 3000 K source), acrylic broadband light guides are then dedicated mostly to decorative uses.
Pairs of Polymethyl methacrylate sheets with a layer of microreplicated prisms between the sheets can have reflective and refractive properties that let them redirect part of incoming sunlight in dependence on its angle of incidence.
Such panels act as miniature light shelves.

Such panels have been commercialized for purposes of daylighting, to be used as a window or a canopy such that sunlight descending from the sky is directed to the ceiling or into the room rather than to the floor.
This can lead to a higher illumination of the back part of a room, in particular when combined with a white ceiling, while having a slight impact on the view to the outside compared to normal glazing.
Polymethyl methacrylate include: automotive lights, home appliances, lenses for glasses, shatter-resistant panels for windows, skylights, bulletproof security barriers, signs and displays, LCD screens, bathtubs, furniture, and acrylic nails, and many other applications.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used for coating polymers based on MMA and offers stability against environmental conditions with reduced VOC emission.
Polymethyl methacrylates are used broadly in medical and dental applications where purity and strength are critical to performance. Here are some other uses of polymethyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as an inexpensive alternative to polycarbonate when tensile strength, flexural strength, polishability, transparency, and UV tolerance are most important.

Polymethyl methacrylate also does not contain the potentially harmful bisphenol-A subunits found in polycarbonate and is a better choice for laser cutting.
Polymethyl methacrylate is often favored because of its moderate properties, easy handling and processing, and low cost.
Polymethyl methacrylate is brittle when under load, especially under an impact force, and is more prone to scratching than conventional inorganic glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate can sometimes achieve high scratch and impact resistance.
Polymethyl methacrylate has excellent mechanical properties and low toxicity.
Polymethyl methacrylate is popular for hip-joint transplantations because of its inert properties and displays slow degradation.

Therefore, manufacturing a polymer blend of polycaprolactone and PMMA produces a polymer material that is better suited for biomaterial applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate has a good degree of compatibility with human tissue, and it is used in the manufacture of rigid intraocular lenses which are implanted in the eye when the original lens has been removed in the treatment of cataracts.
This compatibility was discovered by the English ophthalmologist Harold Ridley in WWII RAF pilots, whose eyes had been riddled with PMMA splinters coming from the side windows of their Supermarine Spitfire fighters – the plastic scarcely caused any rejection, compared to glass splinters coming from aircraft such as the Hawker Hurricane.

Ridley had a lens manufactured by the Rayner company (Brighton & Hove, East Sussex) made from Perspex polymerised by ICI.
On 29 November 1949 at St Thomas' Hospital, London, Ridley implanted the first intraocular lens at St Thomas's Hospital in London.
In particular, acrylic-type lenses are useful for cataract surgery in patients that have recurrent ocular inflammation (uveitis), as acrylic material induces less inflammation.

Eyeglass lenses are commonly made from Polymethyl methacrylate.
Historically, hard contact lenses were frequently made of this material.
Soft contact lenses are often made of a related polymer, where acrylate monomers containing one or more hydroxyl groups make them hydrophilic.

In orthopedic surgery, Polymethyl methacrylate bone cement is used to affix implants and to remodel lost bone.
Polymethyl methacrylate is supplied as a powder with liquid methyl methacrylate (MMA).
Although Polymethyl methacrylate is biologically compatible, MMA is considered to be an irritant and a possible carcinogen.

Polymethyl methacrylate has also been linked to cardiopulmonary events in the operating room due to hypotension.
Bone cement acts like a grout and not so much like a glue in arthroplasty.
Although sticky, Polymethyl methacrylate does not bond to either the bone or the implant; rather, it primarily fills the spaces between the prosthesis and the bone preventing motion.

A disadvantage of this bone cement is that it heats up to 82.5 °C (180.5 °F) while setting that may cause thermal necrosis of neighboring tissue.
A careful balance of initiators and monomers is needed to reduce the rate of polymerization, and thus the heat generated.
In cosmetic surgery, tiny Polymethyl methacrylate microspheres suspended in some biological fluid are injected as a soft-tissue filler under the skin to reduce wrinkles or scars permanently.

Polymethyl methacrylate as a soft-tissue filler was widely used in the beginning of the century to restore volume in patients with HIV-related facial wasting.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used illegally to shape muscles by some bodybuilders.
Plombage is an outdated treatment of tuberculosis where the pleural space around an infected lung was filled with PMMA balls, in order to compress and collapse the affected lung.

Emerging biotechnology and biomedical research use Polymethyl methacrylate to create microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices, which require 100 micrometre-wide geometries for routing liquids.
These small geometries are amenable to using PMMA in a biochip fabrication process and offers moderate biocompatibility.
Bioprocess chromatography columns use cast acrylic tubes as an alternative to glass and stainless steel.

These are pressure rated and satisfy stringent requirements of materials for biocompatibility, toxicity, and extractables.
Polymethyl methacrylate technology is utilized in roofing and waterproofing applications.
By incorporating a polyester fleece sandwiched between two layers of catalyst-activated Polymethyl methacrylate resin, a fully reinforced liquid membrane is created in situ.

Polymethyl methacrylate is a widely used material to create deal toys and financial tombstones.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used by the Sailor Pen Company of Kure, Japan, in their standard models of gold-nib fountain pens, specifically as the cap and body material.
Polymethyl methacrylate comes in handy for construction. It is often used for shatterproof skylights.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used for many shower and bath units. Many even prefer PMMA to ceramic tiles.
In addition, Polymethyl methacrylate can be found in many sound-resistant rooms, audio studios, and cars.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used so often because it has the same beneficial qualities as glass without the fragility issues.
Polymethyl methacrylate glass has excellent optical properties, with the same refractive index as glass when in solid form.

Safety Profile:
Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data by implant route.
When heated to decomposition it emits Polymethyl methacrylate smoke and irritating fumes.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as the main constituent of acrylic sheet, moldmg, and extrusion powders.

Synonyms:
METHYL METHACRYLATE
80-62-6
Methylmethacrylate
methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
Methyl methylacrylate
Methyl 2-methylpropenoate
Methacrylic acid methyl ester
Pegalan
Methyl-methacrylat
Methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
Diakon
Acryester M
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester
Methacrylate de methyle
Methyl 2-methylacrylate
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid methyl ester
Methacrylsaeuremethyl ester
2-(Methoxycarbonyl)-1-propene
Metakrylan metylu
Methylmethacrylaat
Metil metacrilato
Rcra waste number U162
Methyl alpha-methylacrylate
Methyl methacrylate monomer
TEB 3K
NCI-C50680
2-Methylacrylic acid, methyl ester
9011-14-7
Methacrylic acid, methyl ester
Acrylic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester
2-Methyl-acrylic acid methyl ester
NSC 4769
Monocite methacrylate monomer
Methylester kyseliny methakrylove
CHEBI:34840
2-methylacrylic acid methyl ester
Methyl meth-d3-acrylate
Methyl .alpha.-methylacrylate
Cranioplast
DTXSID2020844
Metaplex
Kallocryl A
NSC-4769
Simplex P
Methyl methacrylate monomer, inhibited
143476-91-9
Methyl ester of 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid
196OC77688
Methacrylic acid-methyl ester
114512-63-9
51391-19-6
Plexiglass
Methylmethacrylaat [Dutch]
Metakrylan metylu [Polish]
Methyl-methacrylat [German]
Metil metacrilato [Italian]
55063-97-3
CCRIS 1364
HSDB 195
Methacrylate de methyle [French]
Methacrylsaeuremethyl ester [German]
EINECS 201-297-1
UN1247
RCRA waste no. U162
BRN 0605459
Eudragit
Methylester kyseliny methakrylove [Czech]
AI3-24946
methoxymethacrolein
UNII-196OC77688
MMA (stabilized)
J69
Acrylic resins (PMMA)
METHYL METHACTRYLATE
Epitope ID:131321
Methyl 2-methylacrylate #
Methyl methacrylate (MMA)
EC 201-297-1
Methyl-.alpha.-methacrylate
SCHEMBL1849
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3
4-02-00-01519 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
NA 1247 (Salt/Mix)
UN 1247 (Salt/Mix)
BIDD:ER0634
CHEMBL49996
DTXCID80844
Methyl methacrylate, 99.5%
WLN: 1UY1&VO1
Methyl methacrylate, stabilized
'monocite' Methacrylate monomer
Methyl methacrylate, CP,98.0%
NSC4769
METHYL METHACRYLATE [HSDB]
METHYL METHACRYLATE [IARC]
METHYL METHACRYLATE [INCI]
METHYLMETHACRYLATE [MART.]
METHYL METHACRYLATE [VANDF]
METHYLMETHACRYLATE [WHO-DD]
Tox21_200367
MFCD00008587
AKOS000120216
Methyl methacrylate, 99%, stabilized
CAS-80-62-6
NCGC00091089-01
NCGC00091089-02
NCGC00257921-01
9065-11-6
Methacrylic Acid Methyl Ester (stabilized
METHACRYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER [MI]
M0087
METHYL 2-METHYL-2-PROPENOATE [FHFI]
EN300-19210
C19504
Methyl methacrylate 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Methyl methacrylate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
A839957
Q382897
J-522614
F0001-2087
InChI=1/C5H8O2/c1-4(2)5(6)7-3/h1H2,2-3H
Methacrylic acid-methyl ester 100 microg/mL in Cyclohexane
Methyl Methacrylate (stabilized with 6-tert-Butyl-2,4-xylenol)
Methyl Methacrylate, (stabilized with 6-tert-Butyl-2,4-xylenol)
Methyl methacrylate, contains <=30 ppm MEHQ as inhibitor, 99%
Methyl methacrylate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Methyl methacrylate (MMA), 99.5%(GC), contains 30ppm MEHQ as stabilizer
Methyl methacrylate (MMA), AR, 99.0%, contains 30ppm MEHQ as stabilizer
Methyl methacrylate monomer, inhibited [UN1247] [Flammable liquid]
PROPENOIC ACID,2-METHYL,METHYLESTER (METHACRYLATE METHYLESTER)

POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE; N° CAS : 9011-14-7; Noms français : 2-METHYL-2-PROPENOIC ACID METHYL ESTER HOMOPOLYMER; 2-PROPENOIC ACID, 2-METHYL-, METHYL ESTER, HOMOPOLYMER; METHACRYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER, POLYMERS; METHYL METHACRYLATE HOMOPOLYMER; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE; Polyméthacrylate de méthyle. Noms anglais : Methyl methacrylate polymer; METHYL METHACRYLATE RESIN. Origine(s) : Synthétique; Nom INCI : POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE; Nom chimique : 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester, homopolymer; Classification : Polymère de synthèse; Ses fonctions (INCI); Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Utilisation: Le méthacrylate de méthyle est principalement utilisé seul ou avec d'autres acrylates pour la préparation de polymères et de copolymères. Sous forme de polyméthacrylate de méthyle, il est utilisé essentiellement pour fabriquer : des feuilles de matière plastique des poudres à mouler et à extruder des résines pour traitement de surface des polymères en émulsion des produits de dentisterie des fibres des encres des films des colles Le polyméthacrylate de méthyle trouve également une application dans la production de polymères connus sous les noms de Plexiglas®, Perspex® et de Lucite®. Ces matériaux ont été introduits sur le marché comme produits de remplacement du verre (identifiés comme verre incassable). Ils sont utilisés pour la confection : de prothèses dentaires et orthopédiques de lentilles intraoculaires (implant oculaire) et de verres de contact rigides de colles

SYNONYMS Tween® 20; Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaurate; POE (20) sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20 ,(POLYSORBATE 20) (TWEEN 20) CAS NO. 9005-64-5

DESCRIPTION:
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane (PMHS) is a polymer with the general structure -(CH3(H)Si-O)-.
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used in organic chemistry as a mild and stable reducing agent easily transferring hydrides to metal centers and a number of other reducible functional groups.
A variety of related materials are available under the following CAS registry numbers 9004-73-3, 16066-09-4, 63148-57-2, 178873-19-3.



CAS Number: 9004-73-3
Linear Formula: (CH4OSi)nC6H18OSi2

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
Chemical formula: (CH3(H)SiO)n
Chemical Name: Polymethylhydrosiloxane PMHS
Product Name:High hydrogen silicone oil,
Methyl hydrogen siloxane
Molar mass: variable
Density: 1.006 g/cm3
Flash point: 204 °C
pH value: 7 (H₂O)
Vapor pressure: 38 hPa (20 °C)
Viscosity kinematic: 17 - 25 mm2/s (25 °C)
Density: 1.00 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Hydrogen releasable in alkaline medium: ≥ 340 ml/g
Identity (IR): passes test
Vapor pressure: 38 hPa ( 20 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Form: liquid
reaction suitability: reagent type: reductant
pH: 7 ( in H2O)
kinematic viscosity: 17-25 cSt(25 °C)
transition temp: flash point 150 °C
density: 1.00 g/cm3 at 20 °C
storage temp.: 2-30°C
Appearance: Colorless and odorless transparent liquid
Viscosity(at 25°C, mm2/s): 20-30
Hydrogen Content,%: 1.58-1.60
pH Value: 6.0~7.0
Volatile Content: (150°C, 3H), %: ＜3
Flash Point, °C: ＞160


These include the tetramer ((MeSiHO)4), copolymers of dimethylsiloxane and methylhydrosiloxane, and trimethylsilyl terminated materials.
This material is prepared by the hydrolysis of monomethyldichlorosilane CAS#: 75-54-7:
n MeSiHCl2 + n H2O → (MeSiHO)n + 2n HCl

The related polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is made similarly, but lacking Si-H bonds, Polymethylhydrogen siloxane exhibits no reducing properties.
Dimethyldichlorosilane CAS#: 75-78-5 is then used instead of monomethyldichlorosilane CAS#: 75-54-7.
Illustrative of its use, PMHS is used for in situ conversion of tributyltin oxide to tributyltin hydride:
2"(MeSiH)" + (Bu3Sn)2O → "Me2Si2O" + 2 Bu3SnH


Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane TPD-202 is nontoxic and insipid.
As there are fair quantity of relatively active Si-H bonds inthemolecule, under the action of catalysts Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane can react with chemicals containing active groups, such as double bonds or hydroxyl groups.

Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane TPD-202 can be converted into film and used to produce a resilient waterproof coating on various materials by using metal salt catalyst at low temperature.
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane equips itself with outstanding water repellent property which prevents damage due to moisture, as well as mildew and rust development.
Besides, its high vapor permeability allows the material to breathe and let water, vapor escape to the outside without causing damage.

PERFORMANCE OF POLY METHYL HYDROGEN SILICONE:
● Under the effect of metal salt activator at low temperature it can crosslink to form water repellant film on the surface of various matters, it can be applied as water repellant for various materials as fabric, glass, ceramic, paper sheet, leather, metal, cement, marble etc. especially for fabric water proof.

● Using Methyl hydrogen silicone fluid latex together with Methyl hydrogen silicone fluid may resist water and remain Air’s permeability of the fabric and enhance plitting tensile strength, friction strength and antifouling property and improve the feel and stitching property of the fabric, Besides, it is also can be applied in antiadhesion isolating agent and crosslinking agent for paper manufacture.

SPECIFICATIONS OF POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane is a high molecular weight organic synthesis with a general chemical structure.
Commercially available products are usually linear polysiloxane, but cyclic silanes forms can also be used.
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane is soluble in most aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, but insoluble in water and low alcohols.

Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane (PMHS) is a widely used reducing agent which is easily handled, non-toxic, mild and stable.
Although relatively inert to organic functional groups, PMHS can transfer its hydrides to various metal catalysts and many other reducible functional groups, which can then participate in extensive reduction.
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane can also be used in combination with nucleophilic activators as the reducing agents.


FEATURES OF POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane has EU REACH Registration
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane is Colorless and odorless

Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane has High hydrogen content, low VOC
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane has Good film-forming property
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane has No acid precipitation

Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Colourless, essentially non-toxic, Cures to give a durable film, Cure times and temperatures can be controlled, Effective at addition rates down to 0.2%, Can be diluted in solvents in order to improve dispersion.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Excellent water repellency but moderate softness.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Non-toxic, non-dangerous, non—hazardous substance.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Active Si-H bonds, weatherability, hydrophobic characteristic and high vapor permeability.



USES OF POLY METHYL HYDROGEN SILOXANE:
PolyMethylHydrogen Siloxane is usually applied from dilute solution.
Solutionsare prepared by diluting Silicone for Cement with hydrocarbon solvents, acetone or methyl ethyl ketone (see Handling Precautions) and stirring the mixture gently until uniform.
The extent of dilution will depend on the surface to be treated and surface properties desired.

APPLICATIONS OF POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Mainly used as water repellent for gypsum, powders, glass, ceramic, leather, paper, metal, cement and marble.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Widely used in the finishing of all kinds of fibers such as cotton, hemp, silk, nylon, polyester.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Used as the cross linker for additional type silicone rubber series.

Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Used as the basic material and a fundamental intermediate to synthesize some modified silicone oil including polyether modified silicone oil and alkyl based modified silicone oil.

Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Used as hydrophobic agent, lubricant and antisticking agent of oily based foundation of cosmetics.
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is a colorless free-flowing liquid, can be used as waterproofing agents for materials such as fabric, glass, ceramic, paper, leather, metal, cement, marble, etc., especially for fabric.

Under the reaction of metal catalysts, Polymethylhydrogen siloxane can be cross-linked into a waterproof film on the surface of various materials at a low temperature.
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is usually used as a cross-linking agent, and the active Si-H makes it also used as an antioxidant.

Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is Anti-yellowing agents for high temperature vulcanized silicone rubber
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is Cross-linking agents for addiction silicones
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is Mold release agents

Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Polyurethane foam stabilizer, coating leveling agents and fabric finishing agents when compounding to modified silicone oil
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Building ceramic anti-fouling agent

Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Moisture-proof and hydrophobic treatment for natural stone, marble, etc.
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Water repellents and softeners for synthetic fibers
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Compound to low hydrogen silicone oil

Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Special raw material for building ceramic anti fouling and anti AB liquid
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Moisture proof and hydrophobic treatment of building base material of natural stone, marble and polished brick
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as water absorption rate of the special waterproof agent of waterproof gypsum board, gypsum board, gypsum block and other products is less than 10%, which conforms to the national standard

Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as The synthesis of all kinds of modified silicone oil, such as polyether silicone oil, is the necessary material of polyurethane, coating, water flowing agent, silicone fabric finishing agent, hydrophilic silicone oil
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Natural and synthetic fabric, waterproof agent and softener for silk leather, such as softening finishing for all kinds of fibers, such as cotton, linen and acrylic polyester, are mainly used in combination with silicone oil emulsion or hydrogen emulsion and hydroxyl silicone oil emulsion.

Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Waterproof and anti-sticking agent for paper.
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used For dry powder fire extinguishing agent, electrical grade magnesia powder, calcium carbonate and other dry powder materials.










TRANSPORTATION & STORAGE OF POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Transported as non-dangerous cargo.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane should be stored in a shady, dry place with the temperature 0°C-40°C, freezing should be avoided.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Avoided from acid, alkali chemical materials and other impurities.
Shelf life: 1 Year.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.


SYNONYMS OF POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
Methyl hydrogen siloxane
Poly(methyl siloxane)
Poly(methylhydrosiloxane)
Polysilicone 4
drypon 600
dc 1107
bis(trimethylsilyl)-terminated poly(hydrogen methyl siloxane)
ditrimethylsilyl-terminated methylsilanediolhomopolymer
trimethylsilyl-terminatedpoly(methylsilanediol)
trimethylsilyl-terminated poly(methylsilanediol), sru
baysilone mh 15
sh 1107c
dow corning 1107 fluid
silcolease crosslinker 12031
poly[oxy(methylsilylene)],a-(trimethylsilyl)-w-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-
glo-pel s 50
siltech g 456
hms 993
h 68
dow corning 1107
rhoximat h 68
ps 122(siloxane)
ps 118
a-(trimethylsilyl)-w-(trimethylsiloxy)poly[oxy(methylsilylene)]
poly(methyl hydrogen siloxane)
methylsilanediol polymer sru,trimethylsilyl-terminated
methicone
methylsilanediol homopolymer,trimethylsilyl-terminated sru
v 24 (siloxane)
c 19b
hms 992
rhodorsil h 68
crosslinker v 24
g 456
sh 1107
mh 1107
methylsilanediol homopolymer, sru,trimethylsilyl-terminated
methyl hydrogen siloxane, trimethylsilyl-terminated
gelest hms 993
polyoxy(methylsilylene), .alpha.-(trimethylsilyl)-.omega.-(trimethylsilyl)oxy-
kf 99b
fluid 1107
methylhydrogensilanediol homopolymer, sru,trimethylsilyl-terminated
kf 99
trimethylsilyl-terminated methyl hydrogen siloxane
baysilone mh 4
tsf 484
trimethylsilyl-terminatedmethylsilanediol homopolymer, sru
methylsilanediol homopolymer, sru,trimethylsiloxy-terminated
q 1040r
poly(methylsiloxane)trimethylsilyl-terminated
pmhs
parasilicone sy 30e
sle 5700
ss 4300c
mh 15 ; syl-off 7048
methyl siloxane,trimethylsilyl-terminated
poly[oxy(methylsilylene)],trimethylsilyl-terminated
ps 120 (siloxane)
poly(methyl hydrogen siloxane) for synth
ps 120
trimethylsiloxy-terminated methylhydrogenpolysiloxane
h-siloxan
kf 99p
ps 122
h 400
trimethylsilyl-terminated hydrogen methyl siloxane
poly[oxy(methylsilylene)],a-(trimethylsilyl)-w-(trimethylsiloxy)- (8ci)
1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetrahydrocyclotetrasiloxanehomopolymer, sru, trimethylsilyl-terminated 2,4,6,8,-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane homopolymer, sru,trimethylsilyl-terminated
36hc
hms 991
rhoximat hd879
dichloromethylsilane hydrolytic homopolymer,trimethylsilyl-terminated sru
v 24
h 400 (siloxane)

DESCRIPTION:

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a polyoxyethylene (POE)-type nonionic surfactant.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has been used in phospho-buffered saline (PBS) solution for washing tissues.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical applications to stabilize emulsions and suspensions.



CAS NUMBER: 9005-64-5

EC NUMBER: 500-018-3

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C58H114O26

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 1226.48g/mol



DESCRIPTION:

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate consists of sorbitol, ethylene oxide and lauric acid.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has a molecular formula of C58H114O26.
At room temperature, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is in the form of pale yellowto yellow viscous liquid at room temperature.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is an emulsifier with a polysorbate 20 HLB of 16.7.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is great at emulsifying and stabilizing oils in water.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate uses as a solubilizers and penetrants and dispersants in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can also use as a softener, finishing agent, antistatic agent and lubricant in the textile industry.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate consists of a mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides (which have an acid value below 7 and a water content below 0.2%) with edible commercial lauric acid and condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of sorbitol and its anhydrides.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a non-ionic surfactant.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can be used as increasing solvent, diffusing agent, stabilizing agent, antistatic agent, lubricant etc.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is also used as O/W food emulsifier, used alone or mixed with span -60, span -65 and span -80, which has the ability to increase the absorption of liquid paraffin and other fat-soluble substances for humans.
In pharmaceutical and daily-use chemical industry, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is usually used as solvent increasing, permeating agent and dispersing agent for drugs and cosmetics.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can remove the wax from oil well as a paraffin inhibitor in oil production, and can reduce the flow viscosity of crude oil to improve oil well production and conveying capacity as a viscosity reducer.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monolaurate, which can be used as an emulsifier for o/w emulsions and is also a highly effective solubiliser for lipophilic oils.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a non-ionic surfactant that is widely used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in pharmaceutical formulations, food and cosmetic industries.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate also known as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, is a kind of transparent oily liquid from yellow to amber under room temperature, with slightly weak odor and bitter taste.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can miscible with water, ethanol, ethyl ac
Food grade Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate series is widely used in food, medicine and cosmetics industries as emulsifier, stabilizer, thickening agent and wetting agent,as well as applied in many other industries.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a kind of transparent oily liquid from yellow to amber under room temperature, with slightly weak odor and bitter taste;
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can miscible with water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and methanol to become mixed solution, while it is insoluble in liquid paraffin, mineral oil and oil ether; its relative density is 1.08 ~ 1.13, the boiling point of 321℃, the HLB value is 16.7.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a kind of O/W emulsifier, it is widely used as solubilizing agent, stabilizer, lubricant and antistatic agent in food, medicine and cosmetic industries.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is also used as pharmaceutical and cosmetic solubilizing agent, penetrating agent and as dispersing agent in food, medicine and daily chemical industry.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is an emulsifying agent consisting of laurate esters of sorbitol consisting of the monoester condensed with ethylene oxide.
Emulsifying efficacy is increased further when combined with cetyl alcohol or sorbitan stearate.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate acts as dispersing agent and anti-static thickener.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is very useful as solubilizer and stabilizer of essential oils.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a non-ionic surfactant.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can be used as increasing solvent, diffusing agent, stabilizing agent, antistatic agent, lubricant etc.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is also used as O/W food emulsifier, used alone or mixed with span -60, span -65 and span -80, which has the ability to increase the absorption of liquid paraffin and other fat-soluble substances for humans.
In pharmaceutical and daily-use chemical industry, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is usually used as solvent increasing, permeating agent and dispersing agent for drugs and cosmetics.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can remove the wax from oil well as a paraffin inhibitor in oil production.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has been used in phospho-buffered saline (PBS) solution for washing tissues.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a ubiquitous nonionic surfactant employed in the formulation of countless cosmetic and personal care products.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can function as a solubilizer, emulsifier, stabilizer, dispersing agent or a wetting agent, among other functions.
Beyond personal care, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has similar functions in the formulation and processing of pharmaceuticals, food and beverage products, agricultural chemicals and household and industrial cleaning products.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a complex mixture of laurate esters of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydrides (sorbitans), consisting predominantly of the monoester condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant formed by the ethoxylation of sorbitan monolaurate.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate's stability and relative nontoxicity allows it to be used as a detergent and emulsifier in a number of domestic, scientific, and pharmacological applications.
As the name implies, the ethoxylation process leaves the molecule with 20 repeat units of polyethylene glycol; in practice these are distributed across 4 different chains, leading to a commercial product containing a range of chemical species.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant used in many commercial, household and pharmaceutical products.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is composed of 20 repeated units of polyethylene glycol via ethoxylation.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a wetting agent in food products, as well as washing agent, stabilizer and solubilizer in labratory assays and industrial applications.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is also an excipient that stabilizes emulsions and suspensions in pharmaceutical products and lubricant in ophthalmic solutions.

Addition of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can modify lignin surface properties to change its hydrophobicity, hydrogen bonding ability and surface charges, thus reducing the non-productive adsorption of proteins.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate added to 0.05 mol/L of phosphate buffer pH 6.5 dramatically increased the apparent solubility of the drug from 0.8 μg/ml even to 353 μg/ml, while its effect in lower pH or in water was much smaller.
The increased concentration of phosphate salts (0.2 mol/l) at pH 6.5 in the presence of 0.7% of Tween 20, resulted in further increase of candesartan cilexetil solubility to 620 μg/ml.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a clear, yellow to amber colored, slightly viscous liquid nominally supplied as 100% active product; however, most grades of this hygroscopic material may contain up to 3% w/w water.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is readily soluble in cold or hot water and has a cloud point in excess of 100°C at 2% w/w.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is nontoxic, nonirritating and remarkably mild to skin and eyes.
Impurities in the material may include nonesterified ethoxylates, e.g. sorbeth-20; unreacted fatty acids, 1,4-dioxane and peroxides formed by auto-oxidation of the PEG chains.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a mild nonionic surfactant formed by the ethoxylation of sorbitan before the addition of lauric acid which is a medium-chain fatty acid found mainly in coconut oil.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is allowed to be used as the emulsifier, detergent, dispersant, solvent and stabilizer, etc. in a number of fields such as pharmaceutical, chemical, food, textile and other industries due to its stability and relative non-toxicity.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is widely applied in biological techniques and sciences, which can be added to buffers and reagents for immunohistochemistry, such as Western blots and ELISAs, helping to prevent non-specific antibody binding, decrease background staining and enhance reagent spreading.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate also has applications in food production as a common food grade additive which are found in many consumables on the market today.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can also be used as a wetting agent in flavored mouth drops such as Ice Drops, in oral or non-gastrointestinal suspensions and in rubber balers in the elastomer industry.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used for solubilizing membrane proteins during isolation and purification.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used as a wetting agent in flavored mouth drops.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate acts as a washing agent in Western blots and ELISAs and prevents antibody binding.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a solubilizing agent of membrane proteins.

In pharmaceutical chemistry, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used as an excipient to stabilize emulsions and suspensions.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used as a dispersing agent, stabilizer, lubricator and also used in creams, salves, ointments, protective creams, balms, pomades, lipsticks, mascaras and glosses.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant generally used as emulsifiers, dispersing agent and solubilizer.
Peroxide formation in Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is of particular concern because it may degrade the purity, performance and appearance of the material and promote degradation of other compounds in a given formulation.

High purity grades of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate minimize peroxide formation by eliminating the bleaching step during manufacturing and by transporting and storing the material in an inert atmosphere, e.g. under nitrogen.
The many uses of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate in personal care, as previously mentioned, are well-known.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate was a key material employed by Griffin in pioneering the development of the HLB system for emulsifier selection more than 60 years ago, a system still used today.
With an HLB value of 16.7, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a potent micro-emulsifier for the solubilization of water-insoluble compounds, e.g. active ingredients, fragrance oils, etc., and in combination with SL, polysorbate 20 is a highly effective o/w emulsifier.

Like other high-HLB ethoxylated nonionic surfactants, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate may be used to decrease the irritation potential of harsh detersive surfactants.
In fact, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate was employed in the development of the first baby shampoo products.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is also used to decrease the viscosity of surfactant solutions, presumably due to its ability to disrupt the formation of entangled worm-like micelles.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is known to deactivate preservatives (parabens) and antimicrobials due to its propensity to sequester these compounds into

Although parabens are the most notable example, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate may also deactivate organic acids such as benzoic acid and sorbic acid as well as benzyl alcohol.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is derived from coconut oil.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a non-toxic, nonionic surfactant/emulsifier and a water-soluble yellowish liquid used as a dispersing agent which allows oil and water to mix without the use of alcohol.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a fragrance solubilizer and stabilizer.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate lubricates and has a soothing effect on the skin.
This skin- safe ingredient is used extensively in oil-in-water emulsions and also for body mists and linen sprays.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate will be found as an ingredient in the majority of body toiletries, cosmetics and wipes now in the market.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurates are generally used in combination with other emulsifiers such as mono- and diglycerides or sorbitan monostearates for various purposes such as to disperse flavors and colors, to make essential oils and vitamins soluble and to improve volume and texture in baked goods.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate may deactivate antimicrobials such as the cationic surfactants benzalkonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate must be used judiciously and the activity of preservatives and antimicrobials should always be verified via the appropriate efficacy tests when used with polysorbate 20.



FOOD APPLICATIONS:

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used as a wetting agent in flavored mouth drops such as Ice Drops, helping to provide a spreading feeling to other ingredients like SD alcohol and mint flavor.
The World Health Organization has suggested acceptable daily intake limits of 0–25 mg of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters per kg body weight.



BIOTEHCNICAL APPLICATIONS:

In biological techniques and sciences, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has a broad range of applications.
For example, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used:

-as a washing agent in immunoassays, such as Western blots and ELISAs.
-Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate helps to prevent non-specific antibody binding.
-In this major application, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is dissolved in Tris-buffered saline or phosphate buffered saline at dilutions of 0.05% to 0.5% v/v.
-These buffers are used for washes between each immunoreaction, to remove unbound immunologicals, and eventually for incubating solutions of immunoreagents (labeled antibodies) to reduce nonspecific background.
-to saturate binding sites on surfaces (i.e., to coat polystyrene microplates, generally combined with proteins such as BSA).
-to stabilize proteins purified protein derivative (PPD) solution used in skin testing for tuberculosis exposure
-as a solubilizing agent of membrane proteins
-for lysing mammalian cells, at a concentration of 0.05% to 0.5% v/v, generally combined with other detergents, salts and additives.



INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS:

-Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used in many brands of baby wipes.
-Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used by philatelists to remove stamps from envelopes and to remove residues from stamps, without harming the stamp -itself.
-Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is also used as wetting agent in rubber balers in the elastomer industry.
-Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has been used as a shape directing agent to synthesize spheroidal magnetite nanoassemblies.



FUNCTIONAL USES:

-Emulsifier
-dispersing agent



BENEFITS:

-Suitable for use as solubilizer and emulsifier
-Broad pH range
-Good skin tolerance



PROPERTIES:

-Appearance: Viscous liquid
-CAS No.: 9005-64-5
-SMILES: [Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate]
-description: non-ionic
-Quality Level: 100
-form: liquid
-quality: ampule
-concentration: ~10% in H2O
-impurities: ≤150 μM sulfhydryl oxidizing substances (carbonyls,peroxides)
-refractive index: n20/D 1.347
-density: 1.01 g/mL at 20 °C
-application(s): sample preservation
-InChI: 1S/C26H50O10/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-24(30)34-19-18-31-20-22(32-15-12-27)26-25(35-17-14-29)23(21-36-26)33-16-13-28/h22-23,25-29H,2-21H2,1H3
-InChI key: HMFKFHLTUCJZJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Appearance: Colorless - pale yellow, clear - slightly muddy liquid
-Density: about 1.01 degrees C
-Refractive Index: about 1.35 (20 degrees C/D)
-Concentration: 8.0 - 12.0w/v%



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:


-Melting point:98.9 °C (decomp)
-Boiling point: 100 °C
-density: 1.11 g/mL at 20 °C
-vapor pressure: -FEMA: 2915 | POLYSORBATE 20
-refractive index: n20/D 1.468(lit.)
-Fp: >230 °F
-storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
-solubility: 100 g/L
-form: viscous liquid
-color: Amber
-Specific Gravity: 1.090～1.130 (20/20℃)
-PH: 6-8 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
-PH Range: 7
-Odor: mild alcohol odor
-Odor Type: alcoholic
-Water Solubility: 100 g/L
-Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB): 16.7
-Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a mixture of laurate partial esters of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydrides condensed with approximately 20 mole of ethylene oxide (C2H4O) for each mole of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has a faint, characteristic odor and a warm, somewhat bitter taste.



CHARACTERISTICS:

-Solubility:

Soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and dioxane.
Insoluble in mineral oil and petroleum ether


-Infrared absorption:

The infrared spectrum of the sample is characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyoxyethylated polyol


-Colour reaction:

To 5 ml of a 5% (w/v) aqueous solution of the sample add 10 ml of
ammonium cobaltothiocyanate solution and 5 ml of chloroform, shake well
and allow to separate; a blue colour is produced in the chloroform layer.

-Water: Not more than 3%
-Sulfated ash: Not more than 0.25%, Test 5 g of the sample
-Acid value: Not more than 2
-Saponification value: Not less than 40 and not more than 50
-Hydroxyl value: Not less than 96 and not more than 108



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Appearance: pale yellow clear viscous liquid (est)
-Assay: 96.00 to 100.00
-Specific Gravity: 1.09100 to 1.09600 @ 25.00 °C.
-Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 9.078 to 9.120
-Refractive Index: 1.45900 to 1.47000 @ 20.00 °C.
-Acid Value: 3.00 max. KOH/g
-PH Number: 5.71
-Flash Point: > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
-Storage: store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.



SPECIFICATIONS:

-Physical state: Liquid
-Shape: Oily liquid
-Color: Between yellow and orange
-Odor: Characteristic odor
-pH: 4-7.5 （5% aqueous




SPECIFICATIONS:

-Appearance: light yellow to yellow oily liquid
-Moisture: 3% max
-Acid value: 2.0mg KOH/g max
-Saponification value: 40-50mg KOH/g
-Hydroxyl value: 96-108mg KOH/g
-Residue on ignition: 0.25% max
-Pb: 2 mg/kg max
-Oxyethylene: 70-74%




STORAGE:

Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well -ventilated place.
Keep away fromkindling material, heat source and direct sunlight.



SYNONYM:

Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate solution
Polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate
Polisorbate 20- PS 20
Tween 20
Tween 20
Tween 20 1LT
Twain 20
TWEEN(R) 20 Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 40%
ACRYL/BIS 37.5:1 PREMIXED PWD ULTRA PURE
TWEEN 20 ELECTROPHORESIS GRADE
Polysorbate 20
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate
7T1F30V5YH
Polyethylene glycol (44) sorbitan monolaurate
Polyethylene glycol (80) sorbitan monolaurate
Polyethylene glycol 4000 sorbitan monolaurate
Polyethylene glycol 500 sorbitan monolaurate
Polyoxyethylene (10) sorbitan monolaurate
Polyoxyethylene (44) sorbitan monolaurate
Polyoxyethylene (75) sorbitan monolaurate
Polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monolaurate
Polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monolaurate
FEMA No. 2915
POE 20 Sorbitan monolaurate
PSML
Polyethylene glycol 2000 Sorbitan Laurate
Polyoxyethylene (4) sorbitan monolaurate
Sorbimacrogol laurate 300
Sorbitan monolaurate, ethoxylated
20s, Polysorbate
Armotan pml-20
CCRIS 699
DTXSID3031949
Dxewmulse poe-sml
E-432
EC 500-018-3
Emsorb 6915
Glycosperse L-20
Glycosperse L-20X
HSDB 7824
Hodag psml-20
INS NO.432
INS-432
Liposorb L-20
PEG-20 SORBITAN
PEG-40 Sorbitan laurate
POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL) DERIVATIVE
POLYSORBATA 20
POLYSORBATE 20 (EP MONOGRAPH)
POLYSORBATE 20 (II)
POLYSORBATE 20 (MART.)
POLYSORBATE 20 (USP-RS)
Peg sorbitan laurate
Peg-20 sorbitan laurate
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives
Polyoxyethylene (40) sorbitan laurate
Polyoxyethylene 20 laurate
Polysorbate 20s
Polysorbatum 20
Protasorb L-20
Sorbitan, monododecanoate, poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives
Sorbitan, monododecanote, poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives
Sorbitan, monolaurate, polyoxyethylene derivs.
TWEEN-20
UNII-239B50Y732
UNII-31JQ3WOL8T
UNII-4Z93U4C2WN
UNII-59IO08SBZU
UNII-7T1F30V5YH
UNII-I42X3Q0FMF