CAS Number: 85-44-9
EC Number: 201-607-5
Phthalic anhydride is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H4O3.
Phthalic anhydride is an important industrial chemical that is used primarily in the production of plasticizers, which are substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility, durability, and other properties.
Phthalic anhydride is a white crystalline solid that is an important intermediate in the synthesis of various plastics and resins.
APPLICATIONS
Phthalic anhydride is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications in various industries.
Its primary role lies in the production of phthalate plasticizers, which are essential for making flexible and durable plastics.
Phthalic anhydride-derived plasticizers enhance the malleability of PVC, allowing its use in products like vinyl flooring and medical tubing.
Phthalic anhydride is a key building block for unsaturated polyester resins, crucial in creating fiberglass-reinforced plastics used in automobiles and construction.
Alkyd resins, vital components in paints and coatings, are synthesized from phthalic anhydride for their adhesion and durability properties.
Textile industries utilize phthalic anhydride-derived dyes and pigments for vivid coloration of fabrics and materials.
Phthalic anhydride's reaction with alcohols yields phthalate esters, employed as plasticizers in personal care products and medical devices.
Phthalic anhydride is integral in the production of synthetic resins used in adhesives and sealants, catering to industrial bonding needs.
Its presence is essential in the creation of flexible polyurethane foams, making mattresses and cushions comfortable and supportive.
In the agricultural sector, Phthalic anhydride contributes to the synthesis of insecticides and herbicides for effective pest and weed control.
Certain pharmaceuticals and intermediates in pharmaceutical synthesis benefit from the chemical versatility of phthalic anhydride.
Phthalic anhydride plays a role in flame retardant manufacturing, enhancing fire resistance in various materials.
Corrosion inhibitors containing phthalic anhydride help protect metal surfaces from degradation and rust.
In laboratories, Phthalic anhydride serves as a reagent for chemical reactions, contributing to the development of diverse compounds.
Phthalic anhydride's cyclic structure is exploited in the synthesis of specialty chemicals used in niche applications.
Phthalic anhydride's demand is closely tied to the growth of the plastics and polymer industry.
Its application in the creation of vinyl records ensures their flexibility and longevity.
The production of synthetic leather relies on phthalic anhydride-derived materials for their texture and appearance.
Automotive parts made from fiberglass-reinforced plastics enhance fuel efficiency through weight reduction.
Its role in the production of flexible foams contributes to the comfort and support provided by furniture upholstery.
Phthalic anhydride's chemistry is harnessed to create innovative adhesives with strong bonding capabilities.
Its application in the synthesis of pigments results in vibrant and lasting colors in paints and coatings.
Phthalic anhydride-derived plasticizers play a key role in the medical field, ensuring safe and flexible medical devices.
Phthalic anhydride's reactivity is utilized in the formulation of eco-friendly and bio-based materials.
Concerns about environmental impact and health risks have driven research into alternative materials and processes in its various applications.
Phthalic anhydride finds utility in the production of synthetic leather, providing a cost-effective alternative to genuine leather materials.
Its role in the creation of epoxy resins contributes to the formulation of strong and durable adhesives and coatings.
Phthalic anhydride's incorporation into polymeric materials enhances their resistance to chemicals and abrasion.
Phthalic anhydride is a crucial component in the production of flexible hoses and tubing used in various industries.
Its utilization in the manufacturing of flexible packaging materials extends the shelf life of perishable goods.
Phthalic anhydride's involvement in the creation of automotive components leads to increased safety through impact absorption.
Phthalic anhydride-derived products are essential in the construction sector, contributing to lightweight and sturdy building materials.
Its use in the synthesis of specialty paints allows for the creation of unique textures and finishes.
In the electronics industry, phthalic anhydride is employed in the creation of insulating materials for cables and wires.
Phthalic anhydride's incorporation into composite materials results in strong and lightweight structures for aerospace applications.
Phthalic anhydride plays a role in the production of artificial turf, providing a durable and low-maintenance alternative to natural grass.
Phthalic anhydride contributes to the creation of resilient and weather-resistant outdoor furniture materials.
In the medical field, the compound's use in dental materials ensures the longevity and strength of dental appliances.
Phthalic anhydride-derived materials are used in the production of footwear, offering comfort and durability in shoe soles.
Its application in the synthesis of insulating foams contributes to energy efficiency in buildings.
Phthalic anhydride's involvement in the formulation of adhesive tapes ensures their strong and long-lasting bonding properties.
In the automotive industry, phthalic anhydride is employed in the creation of impact-absorbing bumpers.
Its incorporation into sporting goods materials, such as ski boots and bicycle helmets, enhances safety and performance.
Phthalic anhydride-derived coatings contribute to the protection and preservation of artwork and historical artifacts.
Its application in the creation of corrosion-resistant coatings prolongs the lifespan of metal structures and equipment.
Phthalic anhydride is used in the production of flexible hoses for transporting various fluids, including chemicals and gases.
In the marine industry, phthalic anhydride contributes to the production of lightweight and durable boat components.
Its role in the formulation of soundproofing materials enhances acoustic insulation in buildings and vehicles.
Phthalic anhydride-derived materials are used in the production of flexible seals and gaskets for industrial machinery.
Phthalic anhydride's versatility is harnessed in the creation of materials for outdoor signage, ensuring durability in harsh weather conditions.
Phthalic anhydride has several important applications across various industries, primarily as a key chemical intermediate in the production of other compounds.
Some of its main applications include:
Plasticizers:
The most significant application of phthalic anhydride is in the production of phthalate plasticizers, such as diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
These plasticizers are added to PVC and other polymers to increase their flexibility, durability, and workability.
Polyester Resins:
Phthalic anhydride is used in the production of unsaturated polyester resins, which are essential components in the manufacture of fiberglass-reinforced plastics (FRP).
These resins are used in a wide range of products, including automotive parts, boats, and construction materials.
Alkyd Resins:
Alkyd resins, which are used in coatings, paints, and varnishes, are synthesized using phthalic anhydride as a key ingredient.
These resins provide good adhesion, durability, and glossy finishes to the coated surfaces.
Synthesis of Dyes and Pigments:
Phthalic anhydride serves as an intermediate in the production of certain dyes and pigments, contributing to the coloration of textiles, plastics, and various other materials.
Phthalate Esters:
By reacting with alcohols, phthalic anhydride can be converted into phthalate esters, which find use as plasticizers, solvents, and additives in various industries.
Polyurethane Foams:
In the production of flexible polyurethane foams used in mattresses, cushions, and upholstery, phthalic anhydride is employed as a cross-linking agent to improve foam structure and stability.
Synthetic Resins:
Phthalic anhydride is used to synthesize various synthetic resins that have applications in adhesives, sealants, and composite materials.
Insecticides and Herbicides:
Phthalic anhydride is used in the production of certain agrochemicals, including insecticides and herbicides.
Pharmaceuticals and Pharmaceuticals Intermediates:
Phthalic anhydride can be utilized as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical compounds.
Flame Retardants:
Some flame retardants are synthesized using phthalic anhydride as a starting material to enhance the fire resistance of materials.
Corrosion Inhibitors:
In some formulations, phthalic anhydride is employed as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal surfaces from degradation.
Laboratory Reagent:
Phthalic anhydride can be used as a reagent in laboratory settings for various chemical reactions and synthesis processes.
DESCRIPTION
Phthalic anhydride is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H4O3.
Phthalic anhydride is an important industrial chemical that is used primarily in the production of plasticizers, which are substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility, durability, and other properties.
Phthalic anhydride is a white crystalline solid that is an important intermediate in the synthesis of various plastics and resins.
One of the most well-known applications of phthalic anhydride is in the production of phthalate plasticizers, such as diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), which are added to PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and other plastics to make them more pliable.
These plasticizers allow for the manipulation of the physical properties of plastics, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.
Phthalic anhydride can also be used in the production of other chemicals, including unsaturated polyester resins used in fiberglass-reinforced plastics, alkyd resins used in coatings and paints, and certain types of dyes and pigments.
Phthalic anhydride is a white crystalline compound with a distinctive aromatic odor.
Phthalic anhydride belongs to the class of cyclic anhydrides and has a chemical formula of C8H4O3.
Phthalic anhydride is a vital building block in the production of various industrial chemicals.
Its primary application lies in the synthesis of plasticizers used to enhance the flexibility of plastics.
Phthalic anhydride is commonly utilized to manufacture polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products like vinyl flooring and pipes.
Phthalic anhydride undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of water to form phthalic acid.
Phthalic anhydride is highly reactive and is known for its ability to form anhydride linkages.
Phthalic anhydride is soluble in organic solvents like benzene and toluene.
Phthalic anhydride is used as a precursor to produce unsaturated polyester resins used in fiberglass-reinforced composites.
Alkyd resins used in paints and coatings are synthesized using phthalic anhydride as a key ingredient.
Its CAS number is 85-44-9, and it is registered with the EC number 201-607-5.
Phthalic anhydride has a relatively high melting point of around 131°C (268°F).
Phthalic anhydride can be produced through the catalytic oxidation of ortho-xylene or naphthalene.
Inhalation or skin contact with phthalic anhydride can cause irritation to the respiratory tract and skin.
Phthalic anhydride's reactivity is utilized in the production of certain dyes and pigments.
Phthalic anhydride can be converted to phthalate esters through reaction with alcohols.
Phthalic anhydride is classified as a hazardous substance due to its irritant and sensitizing properties.
Proper safety measures, including personal protective equipment, are essential when handling this compound.
Phthalic anhydride is considered a high-production-volume chemical with various industrial applications.
Its odor can be described as pungent and acrid, often leading to discomfort when inhaled.
Phthalic anhydride's cyclic structure makes it a useful intermediate in organic synthesis.
Phthalic anhydride is subject to regulatory scrutiny due to concerns about its potential environmental and health impacts.
Phthalic anhydride plays a critical role in the production of flexible polyurethane foams found in mattresses and upholstery.
When heated, phthalic anhydride can release fumes that are harmful to the respiratory system.
The demand for phthalic anhydride is closely tied to the plastics and polymer industry's growth and innovation.
PROPERTIES
Physical Properties:
State: Phthalic anhydride is a white crystalline solid at room temperature.
Odor: It has a pungent and acrid aromatic odor.
Melting Point: The melting point of phthalic anhydride is approximately 131°C (268°F).
Boiling Point: It has a boiling point of around 284°C (543°F).
Solubility: Phthalic anhydride is soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, and dichloromethane.
Density: The density of phthalic anhydride is about 1.53 g/cm³.
Chemical Properties:
Reactivity: Phthalic anhydride is highly reactive due to its cyclic anhydride structure, making it prone to reactions with various nucleophiles, including alcohols, amines, and water.
Hydrolysis: It undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of water to form phthalic acid.
Anhydride Formation: Phthalic anhydride readily reacts with alcohols to form phthalate esters, which are commonly used as plasticizers.
Aromatic Reactivity: Its aromatic ring structure makes it susceptible to electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
Oxidation: Phthalic anhydride can be oxidized to phthalic acid under certain conditions.
Polymerization: It can participate in polymerization reactions, particularly in the formation of polyester resins.
Other Properties:
CAS Number: 85-44-9
EC Number: 201-607-5
Molecular Formula: C8H4O3
Molar Mass: 148.12 g/mol
Appearance: Phthalic anhydride appears as white crystals or flakes.
Flammability: It is combustible and can release toxic fumes upon combustion.
FIRST AID
Inhalation:
If inhaled, immediately move the affected person to fresh air, preferably outdoors.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention promptly.
Keep the person warm and at rest to minimize respiratory distress.
If breathing has stopped or is severely compromised, administer artificial respiration and seek medical help immediately.
Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash the affected skin area gently with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical attention.
If a large area of skin is affected or if symptoms worsen, seek medical help promptly.
Eye Contact:
Rinse the eyes thoroughly with plenty of clean water, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough irrigation for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if applicable, during the rinsing process.
Seek medical attention immediately, even if irritation appears to be mild.
Ingestion:
Ingestion of phthalic anhydride is unlikely due to its pungent odor and acrid taste, which would deter ingestion.
However, if ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical professionals.
Give the person water to drink in small sips if conscious and alert.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide medical personnel with details about the ingested substance.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling:
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, protective clothing, and respiratory protection if handling in an area with inadequate ventilation.
Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area.
If handling indoors, ensure local exhaust ventilation is in place to minimize inhalation exposure to vapors.
Avoid Contact:
Prevent skin contact by wearing protective clothing that covers exposed skin.
In case of accidental contact, remove contaminated clothing immediately and wash the affected area with soap and water.
Inhalation Prevention:
Avoid breathing vapors or dust.
If airborne exposure is likely, wear a suitable respiratory mask or use supplied air respiratory protection.
No Eating or Drinking:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling phthalic anhydride or in areas where it is present.
Contaminated Equipment:
Clean any equipment, tools, or surfaces that come into contact with phthalic anhydride thoroughly before reuse.
Work Practices:
Implement good hygiene practices, such as regular hand washing, to minimize the risk of accidental ingestion.
Storage:
Cool, Dry Area:
Store phthalic anhydride in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, sources of heat, ignition, and incompatible materials.
Original Containers:
Keep the substance in its original tightly closed container to prevent moisture absorption and exposure to air.
Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the appropriate hazard warnings and safety precautions.
Include the product name, CAS number, and hazard pictograms.
Segregation:
Store phthalic anhydride away from incompatible substances, including strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases.
Fire Prevention:
Keep away from open flames, sparks, and sources of ignition.
Store away from flammable materials.
Grounding:
If the substance is transferred, ensure proper grounding to prevent static electricity buildup, which could lead to ignition.
Storage Temperature:
While phthalic anhydride is relatively stable, avoid extreme temperatures that could lead to degradation or decomposition.
Secondary Containment:
Consider using secondary containment measures to prevent leaks or spills from spreading.
Regulatory Compliance:
Adhere to local, national, and international regulations and guidelines related to the storage of hazardous chemicals.
SYNONYMS
1,3-Isobenzofurandione
Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
o-Phthalic anhydride
Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride
Phthalic acid anhydride
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic anhydride
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride
Isobenzofuran-1,3-dione
Phthalic oxide
Phtalic anhydride
Phtalic oxide
1,3-Dioxo-2-benzofuran
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic dianhydride
Benzenedicarboxylic anhydride
1,3-Benzodioxole-2,5-dione
1,2-Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
1,2-Phthalic anhydride
o-Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
Benzene-o-phthalic anhydride
o-Phthalic acid anhydride
1,2-Dicarboxybenzene anhydride
Isobenzofurandione
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic dianhydride
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride
Benzene-o-phthalic acid anhydride
1,2-Dicarboxybenzene dianhydride
Isobenzofuran-1,3-dione
Benzene-o-phthalic anhydride
1,3-Isobenzofurandione
Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride
Phthalic acid dianhydride
1,3-Phthalic anhydride
1,2-Isobenzofurandione
1,2-Benzodioxole-2,5-dione
1,2-Benzene dicarboxylic anhydride
Benzene-o-phthalic dianhydride
1,2-Benzene dicarboxylic dianhydride
Isobenzofuran-1,3-dicarboxylic anhydride
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic anhydride
Benzene-o-phthalic acid dianhydride
Phthalic acid-1,2-dianhydride
Isobenzofuran-1,3-dicarboxylic dianhydride
Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride
Benzene-o-phthalic acid anhydride
o-Phthalic acid dianhydride
Benzene-o-phthalic dianhydride
1,2-Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride
o-Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic dianhydride
Isobenzofuran-1,3-dicarboxylic acid dianhydride
1,2-Benzodioxole-2,5-dicarboxylic anhydride
Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic dianhydride
1,3-Phthalic acid anhydride
Phthalic acid-1,3-dianhydride
1,2-Phthalic acid anhydride
1,2-Isobenzofuran-1,3-dione
o-Phthalic acid-1,2-dianhydride
Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-1,2-dianhydride
1,3-Benzodioxole-2,5-dicarboxylic anhydride
1,2-Benzene dicarboxylic acid-1,2-dianhydride
1,3-Isobenzofuran-1,3-dione
Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid-1,2-dianhydride
1,2-Benzodioxole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid anhydride
o-Benzene dicarboxylic acid-1,2-dianhydride
