MELANIN, melanine, N° CAS : 8049-97-6. Nom INCI : MELANIN. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-473-6. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent de protection de la peau : Aide à éviter les effets néfastes des facteurs externes sur la peauLe mot mélanine est un mot générique qui désigne de nombreux pigments biologiques foncés qui sont notamment responsables de la coloration des téguments dans le règne animal. Chez l'être humain, la couleur de la peau, des cheveux et des yeux dépendent principalement de son type et de sa concentration. De nombreux animaux en produisent également, dont les oiseaux (coloration des plumes) et certains protozoaires.

Melamine phosphate decomposes endothermically above 350ºC, acting as a heat sink to cool the polymer.
The released phosphoric acid further reacts with the polymer to form a char and inhibit the release of free radical gasses into the oxygen phase.
Simultaneously, nitrogen species released from the degradation of melamine intumesces the char to further protect the polymer.

CAS: 41583-09-9
MF: C3H9N6O4P
MW: 224.12
EINECS: 255-449-7

Melamine phosphate based halogen free flame retardants are primarily used for glass fiber reinforced polyamide and polyester (e.g. PBT) and can be used as a synergist in many other applications and polymers.

Melamine phosphate is a coordination compound that has been used as an antimicrobial agent and polymer retardant.
Melamine phosphate has been shown to have a Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which is indicative of the ability to form a monolayer on the surface of water droplets.
Melamine phosphate also has an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) that can be used for determining the rate constant of its reaction with water vapor.
The rate constants are determined by measuring the change in impedance over time and plotting Melamine phosphate against frequency.
This analytical method is used for determining the concentration and stability of Melamine phosphate in solution and can be applied to other similar compounds.

Melamine phosphate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 120 - 122°C
Density: 1.74
Storage temp.: Refrigerator
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Solid
Color: White
Water Solubility: 3.9g/L at 20℃
EPA Substance Registry System: Melamine phosphate (41583-09-9)

Uses
Melamine phosphate is mainly used in PA and PBT, especially PA6, and PA66.
Melamine phosphate can be used in all kinds of injection and extrusion processes and meet all kind of processing demands of polyamide, and glass fiber polyamide.
Melamine phosphate is widely used in fire retardant coatings, flame retardant plastics and other products.
Due to the increasing demand for halogen-free flame retardants in recent years, Melamine phosphate has a new application prospect and a broad market.
Environment-friendly non-halogen flame retardant

Synonyms
Melamine phosphate
20208-95-1
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate
41583-09-9
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate
Triazinetriaminephosphate
melamine monophosphate
EINECS 255-449-7
218768-84-4
phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
DOS5Q2BU94
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:1)
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate
EINECS 243-601-5
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:?)
EC 255-449-7
hate
INTUMESCENTCOMPOUNDKE8000
Melamine Polyphosp
EINECS 260-493-5
UNII-DOS5Q2BU94
C3H6N6.xH3O4P
SCHEMBL73239
C3H6N6.H3O4P
DTXSID80872787
XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
C3-H6-N6.H3-O4-P
C3-H6-N6.x-H3-O4-P
MELAMINE, PHOSPHATE (1:1)
MFCD00060248
AKOS028108538
AS-15268
CS-0449429
FT-0628188
FT-0742330
F71215
Di(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine) phosphate
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (2:1)

Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a distinguished flame retardant formulation comprising both nitrogen and phosphorus.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is white powder, has good water resistance, used in intumescent flame retardant systems.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) has a char-forming intumescent mechanism.


CAS Number: 20208-95-1 / 41583-09-9
EC Number: 243-601-5
Molecular Formula: C3H9N6PO4



SYNONYMS:
MPOP, SLFR-7, Melamine-phosphate, MELAMINE PHOSPHATE, Melamine Phosphate(FR-MP), Triazine triamine phosphate, triazine triamine phosphate, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, (56386-64-2) melamine-phosphate, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate, Flame retardant MP;FR-MP, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine polyphosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine·phosphoric acid, Melamine phosphoric acid, Phosphoric acid·melamine, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, SLFR-7, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:1), MP, SLFR-7, Melamine Phosphate, Melamine Polyphosphate, Melamine phosphoric acid, Phosphoric acid·melamine, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine polyphosphate, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine polyphosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine·phosphoric acid
triazine triamine phosphate, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate, SLFR-7, MELAMINE PHOSPHATE, (56386-64-2) melamine-phosphate, Melamine Phosphate(FR-MP), 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:), melamine polyphosphate (mp), einecs 243-601-5, melamine phosphate (mp), melamine polyphosphate, intumescent compound ke 8000, non-halogen flame-retardant mp, melamine phosphoric acid, melamine polyphosphate (mpp), slfr-7, phosphoric acid•melamine, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine,phosphate (1:?), 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine,phosphate, Melamine phosphoric acid salt, Melamine phosphate, Melamine orthophosphate, MPP-A, Fyrol MP, Melapur MPH, MPP 2, DMP, Melapur MP, Antiblaze NH, P 7202, MPP-B, Apinon P 7202, Apinon MPP-A, MPP-A (flame retardant), MP 200 (flame retardant), MP 200, EPFR 300A, Apinon MPP-B, Melapur MP 116, MPP 300, 110D, Preniphor EPFR-MPP 300, Budit 312, EPFR-MPP 300, 163183-93-5, 1395056-61-7, melamine polyphosphate (mp) , einecs 243-601-5 , melamine phosphate (mp) , melamine polyphosphate , intumescent compound ke 8000 , non-halogen flame-retardant mp , melamine phosphoric acid , melamine polyphosphate (mpp) , slfr-7 , phosphoric acid•melamine, MP, Melamine Polyphosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine polyphosphate, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate (1:1), 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine polyphosphate, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, SLFR-7, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:1), Non-halogen flame-retardant MP, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine•phosphoric acid, Melamine phosphoric acid,Melamine polyphosphate,Melamine phosphate,Melamine orthophosphate, MELAMINE PHOSPHATE, Melamine orthophosphate, Melamine phosphoric acid, Melamine polyphosphate, Non-halogen flame-retardant MP, SLFR-7, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine polyphosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:1), 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine•phosphoric acid, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:x), Antiblaze NH, Apinon MPP-A, Apinon MPP-B, Apinon P 7202, Budit 312, Budit 341, DMP, EPFR 300A, Melamine phosphate, EPFR-MPP 300, Exflam MPP, Fyrol MP, Melamine orthophosphate, Melamine phosphoric acid salt, Melapur MP, Melapur MP 116, Melapur MPH, MP 200, MP 200 (flame retardant), MPP 2, MPP 300, MPP-A, MPP-A (flame retardant), MPP-B, MPT 11, P 7202, Preniphor EPFR-MPP 300



Melamine Phosphate (MP) is an excellent in tumescent flame retardant.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a distinguished flame retardant formulation comprising both nitrogen and phosphorus.
The cooperative interaction between these components contributes to Melamine Phosphate (MP)'s exceptional flame retardancy.


Additionally, Melamine Phosphate (MP) offers the versatility to incorporate a wide range of commonly employed additives, including antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, plasticizers, antistatic agents, fillers, impact modifiers, colorants, and others.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a white powder, non-toxic, odourless，insoluble in water and most organic solvents.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is an invaluable compound extensively employed in the research a diverse array of diseases.
Recognized for its remarkable antimicrobial attributes, Melamine Phosphate (MP) exhibits considerable promise in studying pernicious bacterial infections.
Furthermore,Melamine Phosphate (MP)'s potential in studying inflammation and fostering expedited wound healing has been thoroughly investigated.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is an excellent flame retardant; It can be applied to polyolefin, linear polyester, polyamide, some thermoplastics, rubber, paint, latex, paper and textiles, etc.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a bioactive compound, used for the research of diverse ailments like osteoporosand associated skeletal irregularities.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is halogen-free nitrogen-phosphorus Flame Retardant.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is white powder, has good water resistance, used in intumescent flame retardant systems.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) has a char-forming intumescent mechanism.


Melamine Phosphate (MP)'s nitrogen is from melamine (triazine-based).
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a melamine phosphate grade.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) exhibits excellent flame retardance.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) shows good compatibility with polyolefin, linear polyester, polyamide, thermosetting resins and rubber.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a non-halogenated flame retardant based on Melamine Phosphate (CAS 41583-09-9).



USES and APPLICATIONS of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
Melamine Phosphate (MP) can be applied to polyolefin, linear polyester, polyamide, some thermosetting resins, rubber, paint, latex, paper and textiles and so on.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is used environmental protection type non-halogen flame retardant.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is widely applicable to various synthetic resins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene resin, polycarbonate, polyurethane, EVA, thermoplastic elastomer, etc.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is mainly used in intumescent flame retardant systems for paints and polymers, combining both the melamine and catalyst functionality.


Other applications of Melamine Phosphate (MP) are in thermosets, both unsaturated polyester and epoxies, and in textile treatment.
In self-charring materials such as cellulose or epoxy, Melamine Phosphate (MP) can be used as such without addition of other flame retardants.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) uses and applications include: Flame retardant for plastics, polyolefins, polyester, rubbers, pigmented coatings, latex intumescent coating formulations, paper, textiles; catalyst in intumescent systems; intumescent paintmastic ingredient


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is mainly used in intumescent flame retardant systems for paints and polymers, combining both the melamine and catalyst functionality.
Other applications of Melamine Phosphate (MP) are in thermosets, both unsaturated polyester and epoxies, and in textile treatment.


In self-charring materials such as cellulose or epoxy, FR-Melamine Phosphate (MP)can be used as such without addition of other flame retardants.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is used environment-friendly non-halogen flame retardant
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is applied to Tibia polyolefin resin,Cables,electrical appliances,vehicles,construction materials and interiorof the halogen-free flame retardant engineering plastics,etc.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is widely used in nylon (PolyAmide, PA), TPU, PBT, PET, EVA.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is mainly used in intumescent flame retardant systems for paints and polymers,combining both the melamine and catalyst functionality.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is an excellent in tumescent Flame Retardant; it can be applied to polyolefin, linear polyester, polyamide, some thermosetting resins, rubber, paint, latex, paper and textiles and so on.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is used Flame retardant or synergic agent for polyolefins, elastomers, PU, Epoxy and intumescent fire-retardant coatings.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a bioactive compound, used for the research of diverse ailments like osteoporosand associated skeletal irregularities.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) uses and applications include: Flame retardant for plastics, polyolefins, polyester, rubbers, pigmented coatings, latex intumescent coating formulations, paper, textiles; catalyst in intumescent systems; intumescent paintmastic ingredient
Melamine Phosphate (MP) can be applied to polyolefins, linear polyester, polyamide, some thermosetting resins, rubber, paint, latex, paper, and textiles.



KEY FEATURES OF MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
*No hazard classification or labelling
*Flame Retardant acting both in gas and solid phase
*Effective as such or in combination with other flame retardants
*Nearly insoluble in water or solvents



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
- Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a white powder, non-toxic, odourless，insoluble in water and most organic solvents.
- Thermal stability, FR-Melamine Phosphate (MP)is the preferred compound in terms of highest processing stability.
- Flame retardancy, P-N synergistic effect, The best matching of its decomposition temperature and the coating decomposition temperature, FR-Melamine Phosphate (MP)and its derivatives offers excellent flame retardancy and increase the carbon layer quantity.



BENEFITS OF MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
*Excellent intumescent flame retardant



INDUSTRY OF MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
*Textiles ,
*Plastics ,
*Rubber



FUNCTIONS OF MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
*Catalyst ,
*Flame Retardant



FEATURE OF MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
1. Thermal stability, Melamine Phosphate (MP) is the preferred compound in terms of highest processing stability.
2. Flame retardancy, P-N synergistic effect, The best matching of its decomposition temperature and the coating decomposition temperature, Melamine Phosphate (MP) and its derivatives offers excellent flame retardancy and increase the carbon layer quantity.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
Chemical Formula: C3H9N6PO4
Molecular Weight: 224.12 g/mol
EINECS No.: 243-601-5
CAS No.: 20208-95-1
Appearance: White powder
N content (%): 42 to 44
P content (%): 12 to 14
Water content (%): ≤ 0.3
pH value (10g/L): 2 to 4
Particle size (µm): D50 ≤ 2.5
Solubility (20°C) (g/L): ≤ 3

Melting point: 120 - 122°C
Density: 1.74 g/cm³
Storage Temp.: Refrigerator
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Solid
Color: White
Water Solubility: 3.9 g/L at 20°C
EPA Substance Registry System: 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (41583-09-9)
Odour: Odourless
Bulk Density (Kg/m³): ≈ 300-500
Moisture content: < 0.5%
Water solubility (g/100cc): ≈ 0.35 (at 20°C)
pH (saturated solution): 2.5 – 3.5

Thermal stability (5% weight loss): ≈ 280°C (TGA, 10°C/min. N2)
D50 (µm): < 7
Boiling Point: 557.5°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 325.3°C
Exact Mass: 224.042282
PSA: 204.30000
Vapour Pressure: 1.82E-12 mmHg at 25°C
InChI: InChI=1/C3H6N6.H3O4P/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1;1-5(2,3)4/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9);(H3,1,2,3,4)
InChI Key: XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: O=P(O)(O)O.N=1C(=NC(=NC1N)N)N
Phenol content (ppm): ≤ 500
TPP (%): ≤ 3.0
Viscosity (mpas at 25ºC): 500-800
Acid Value (%): ≤ 0.10

Identifiers:
CAS: 20208-95-1, 41583-09-9, 56386-64-2
EINECS: 243-601-5, 255-449-7
InChI: InChI=1/C3H6N6.H3O4P/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1;1-5(2,3)4/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9);(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-3
InChI Key: XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: O=P(O)(O)O.N=1C(=NC(=NC1N)N)N
Molecular Formula: C3H6N6O4P
Molecular Weight: 224.12 g/mol
Exact Mass: 224.04200 g/mol
EC Number: 255-449-7
UNII: DOS5Q2BU94
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9068328, DTXSID80872787, DTXSID40872788

Characteristics:
PSA: 204.30000
XLogP3: -0.56680
Appearance: White, crystalline powder
Density: 1.74 g/cm³
Melting Point: 354ºC
Boiling Point: 557.5ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 325.3ºC
Vapour Pressure: 1.82E-12 mmHg at 25°C
Identifiers:
InChI: InChI=1/C3H6N6.H3O4P/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1;1-5(2,3)4/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9);(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-3
CAS Registry Number: 20208-95-1
EINECS: 243-601-5



FIRST AID MEASURES of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Melamine polyphosphate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula (C3H6N6)x(HPO3)y.
Melamine polyphosphate is a polymer consisting of repeating units of melamine (C3H6N6) and phosphoric acid (HPO3) linked together.
The value of 'x' and 'y' in the formula can vary depending on the degree of polymerization.

CAS Number: 218768-84-4




APPLICATIONS


Melamine polyphosphate is extensively used in the plastics industry as a flame retardant additive for polymeric materials.
Melamine polyphosphate is incorporated into polypropylene and polyethylene to enhance their fire resistance and meet stringent safety standards.

Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of flame-retardant cables and wires, ensuring electrical safety.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings and paints, providing an additional layer of protection to surfaces.

Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the manufacturing of flame-retardant textiles and fabrics used in upholstery, curtains, and protective clothing.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to polyurethane foams to improve their fire performance in applications such as furniture, mattresses, and automotive seating.

Melamine polyphosphate is used in the construction industry for fireproofing materials like gypsum boards and insulation products.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant adhesives, ensuring the safety of bonded materials in various industries.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the automotive sector for fire protection in components such as interior trims, dashboards, and wiring systems.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the manufacturing of fire-retardant coatings for steel structures, providing structural fire resistance.

Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant composites used in aerospace and defense industries for structural integrity.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant sealants and caulks, ensuring fire containment in building construction.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the production of fire-retardant laminates and decorative surfaces for interior design and architecture.

Melamine polyphosphate is added to thermosetting resins, such as epoxy, to enhance their fire resistance in electrical and electronic applications.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant foams used in insulation panels for buildings and refrigeration equipment.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for wood and furniture, reducing the flammability of these materials.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the production of fire-resistant panels used in transport vehicles to ensure passenger safety.

Melamine polyphosphate is added to polymer compounds used in electrical enclosures and switchgear to minimize the risk of fire.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant molded parts and components for industrial equipment.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-retardant masterbatches, which are then incorporated into various plastic products.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the production of fire-resistant films and membranes used in the construction of air barriers and vapor retarders.

Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for structural steel, enhancing its fire performance.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant gaskets, seals, and O-rings for industrial applications.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the formulation of fire-retardant polymeric additives used in 3D printing materials.

Melamine polyphosphate is used in the production of fire-resistant foams and textiles for military and protective gear applications.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant coatings for electrical transformers, ensuring their safety during operation.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant resins and compounds for the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs).
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the production of fire-resistant thermoplastic elastomers used in automotive and industrial applications.

Melamine polyphosphate is added to polymeric materials used in the construction of air ducts and ventilation systems to improve fire safety.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the formulation of fire-resistant thermosetting laminates for high-performance applications.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the production of fire-resistant films and sheets for packaging materials, protecting contents from fire hazards.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for wooden furniture, reducing the risk of ignition and flame spread.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant synthetic fibers used in carpets, upholstery, and textiles for public spaces.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to foam mattresses and bedding products to enhance their fire resistance and meet flammability standards.

Melamine polyphosphate is used in the production of fire-resistant filters and membranes for industrial filtration applications.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the formulation of fire-resistant paints and varnishes for wooden structures, providing additional fire protection.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant wire and cable jackets, ensuring electrical safety in various industries.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to thermoplastic materials used in electronic enclosures to minimize fire risks and protect sensitive components.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for steel structures in the construction of bridges, tunnels, and industrial facilities.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant foams used in insulation panels for appliances and HVAC systems.

Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the formulation of fire-resistant paints for commercial and public buildings, improving fire safety.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to resin-based composites used in the production of fire-resistant doors and partitions for enhanced building fire protection.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant textiles and fabrics used in curtains, theater drapes, and stage backdrops.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for wooden decks and outdoor structures, reducing fire hazards.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the production of fire-resistant seals and gaskets for applications where high-temperature resistance is required.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the formulation of fire-resistant adhesives and sealants for construction and industrial bonding.

Melamine polyphosphate is added to thermoplastic materials used in the production of fire-resistant pipes and plumbing systems.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant molding compounds for the production of electrical connectors and insulating components.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant additives for intumescent coatings used in passive fire protection systems.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the formulation of fire-resistant mortars and sealants for the installation of fire-rated structures.


Some of its primary applications include:

Plastics:
Melamine polyphosphate is widely used in plastics to improve their fire resistance.
Melamine polyphosphate can be incorporated into polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, and other plastic materials to enhance their flame retardant properties.

Polymers:
Melamine polyphosphate is utilized in polymer formulations to increase their resistance to fire.
Melamine polyphosphate is commonly added to polyurethane foams, epoxy resins, and other polymer systems to improve their flame retardancy.

Electrical and Electronics:
Melamine polyphosphate finds extensive use in the electrical and electronics industry.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to cables, wires, connectors, and electronic components to enhance their fire safety and meet regulatory requirements.

Textiles:
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the textile industry to impart flame retardancy to fabrics.
Melamine polyphosphate can be applied to textiles through various methods such as coating, padding, or incorporation into fibers, providing fire-resistant properties.

Coatings and Paints:
Melamine polyphosphate is used in coatings and paints to increase their fire resistance.
Melamine polyphosphate can be added to water-based or solvent-based coatings to improve their flame retardant capabilities.

Adhesives:
Melamine polyphosphate is incorporated into adhesive formulations to enhance their fire performance.
Melamine polyphosphate is commonly used in construction adhesives, laminating adhesives, and other adhesive products where fire safety is a concern.

Automotive:
Melamine polyphosphate is utilized in the automotive industry for fire protection.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to various automotive components and materials such as interior trim, seating, wiring, and engine parts to reduce flammability and improve safety.

Building Materials:
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the production of fire-resistant building materials.
Melamine polyphosphate can be used in gypsum boards, insulation materials, sealants, and other construction products to enhance their fire performance.

Foam Insulation:
Melamine polyphosphate is utilized in foam insulation materials to increase their resistance to fire.
Melamine polyphosphate helps to prevent the spread of flames and reduce the release of toxic gases during a fire event.

Transportation:
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the transportation industry for fire protection.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to materials and components used in airplanes, trains, ships, and other transportation vehicles to meet stringent fire safety regulations.


Melamine polyphosphate is a white, crystalline solid with a fine powder texture.
Melamine polyphosphate has a molecular weight that can vary depending on the degree of polymerization.

Melamine polyphosphate is odorless and non-toxic.
Melamine polyphosphate is insoluble in water and most organic solvents.

Melamine polyphosphate exhibits good thermal stability, allowing it to withstand high processing temperatures.
Melamine polyphosphate is highly effective as a flame retardant additive.
Melamine polyphosphate forms a protective char layer when exposed to flames, inhibiting the spread of fire.
Melamine polyphosphate has low smoke emission properties.

Melamine polyphosphate is widely used in the plastics and polymer industry for fire-resistant applications.
The compound acts as a heat sink, absorbing and dissipating heat energy during combustion.
Melamine polyphosphate releases water vapor when exposed to fire, diluting flammable gases.

Melamine polyphosphate is considered to be environmentally friendly.
Melamine polyphosphate is a non-halogenated flame retardant, making it a preferred alternative to halogen-based additives.
The compound is compatible with various polymer matrices, including polypropylene and polyethylene.
Melamine polyphosphate has minimal impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the materials it is incorporated into.
Melamine polyphosphate exhibits excellent flame-retardant properties at relatively low loading levels.

Melamine polyphosphate provides long-lasting fire protection due to its ability to form a stable char layer.
The compound is commonly used in electrical and electronic applications to enhance fire safety.
Melamine polyphosphate is suitable for use in automotive components, textiles, coatings, and adhesives.

Melamine polyphosphate has good thermal stability and does not decompose easily.
Melamine polyphosphate is resistant to leaching and migration, ensuring the longevity of its flame-retardant properties.
Melamine polyphosphate can be easily dispersed and incorporated into various formulations.
Melamine polyphosphate is compatible with different processing techniques, including extrusion and injection molding.

Melamine polyphosphate is often used in combination with other flame retardants for synergistic effects.
Melamine polyphosphate meets various industry standards and regulations for flame retardancy.



DESCRIPTION


Melamine polyphosphate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula (C3H6N6)x(HPO3)y.
Melamine polyphosphate is a polymer consisting of repeating units of melamine (C3H6N6) and phosphoric acid (HPO3) linked together.
The value of 'x' and 'y' in the formula can vary depending on the degree of polymerization.

Melamine polyphosphate is a flame retardant additive that is widely used in various applications, especially in the field of plastics and polymers.
Melamine polyphosphate offers excellent fire resistance properties and is known for its ability to inhibit or delay the spread of flames.
Melamine polyphosphate is considered to be environmentally friendly and is commonly used as a substitute for other halogenated flame retardants due to its lower toxicity and improved performance.

Melamine polyphosphate is insoluble in water and most organic solvents.
Melamine polyphosphate is stable under normal conditions and exhibits good thermal stability, allowing it to withstand high processing temperatures during the manufacturing of flame-retardant materials.

Melamine polyphosphate can be incorporated into a wide range of materials, including polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane, epoxy resins, and more, to enhance their fire resistance.
Melamine polyphosphate forms a protective char layer when exposed to flames, which acts as a barrier, preventing the spread of fire and heat transfer.
Melamine polyphosphate is widely used in the production of electrical and electronic components, automotive parts, textiles, coatings, adhesives, and other products where fire safety is a concern.

Melamine polyphosphate works by releasing water vapor and diluting flammable gases when exposed to fire, thus reducing the overall flammability of the material.
Additionally, Melamine polyphosphate acts as a heat sink, absorbing and dissipating heat energy generated during combustion.
Melamine polyphosphate is known for its high efficiency in flame retardancy, low smoke emission, and minimal impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the materials it is incorporated into.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: (C3H9N6PO6)n
Molecular Weight: Variable, depending on the polymerization degree
Appearance: White, fine powder
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting
Solubility: Insoluble in water
Density: Varies depending on the grade and formulation
pH: Neutral to slightly acidic
Stability: Stable under normal conditions
Flammability: Non-flammable
Toxicity: Low toxicity, but proper handling and safety precautions should be followed
Decomposition Temperature: Typically above 300°C (572°F)
Decomposition Products: Melamine, phosphoric acid, and other breakdown products
Compatibility: Compatible with various polymers and additives
Thermal Stability: Provides thermal stability to the materials it is added to
Flame Retardancy: Exhibits excellent flame retardant properties, reducing the flammability of materials
Smoke Suppression: Helps suppress smoke generation during a fire event
Char Formation: Promotes the formation of a stable char layer, which acts as a barrier against heat and flames
Synergistic Effects: Can enhance the flame retardant performance when combined with other additives
Environmental Impact: Considered environmentally friendly and complies with various regulations
Electrical Properties: Does not significantly affect electrical conductivity of materials



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air and ensure they are in a well-ventilated area.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention immediately.
Administer oxygen if necessary and perform artificial respiration if the person is not breathing.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness occurs, seek medical advice.
Wash contaminated clothing before reusing.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring the eyelids are held open to facilitate thorough flushing.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if no symptoms are present.
Remove contact lenses, if applicable, after rinsing for 5 minutes.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly and provide the affected person with water to drink in small sips.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide them with as much information as possible about the ingested substance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety goggles, gloves, and a dust mask, to minimize the risk of exposure during handling.

Ventilation:
Ensure good ventilation in the working area to prevent the accumulation of dust or vapors.
Use local exhaust ventilation if necessary.

Avoid Inhalation:
Avoid breathing in dust or vapors.
If handling in powdered form, take precautions to prevent dust generation, such as using dust collection systems or wet methods.

Avoid Skin Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact by wearing suitable protective gloves and clothing.
In case of contact, promptly wash the affected area with water and soap.

Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or a face shield to protect the eyes from potential splashes or contact with the substance.

Handling Equipment:
Use appropriate handling equipment, such as scoops or shovels, to transfer the material.
Avoid generating dust during handling and transfer operations.

Static Electricity:
Take precautions to prevent the buildup of static electricity, as it can increase the risk of dust ignition.
Grounding equipment and containers can help dissipate static charges.

No Smoking or Open Flames:
Prohibit smoking and the presence of open flames in the handling area, as Melamine polyphosphate is not flammable but can release flammable decomposition products under certain conditions.



Storage:


Store in a Cool, Dry Place:
Keep Melamine polyphosphate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and sources of heat or ignition.

Temperature Control:
Maintain stable temperatures within the recommended storage range to preserve the integrity of the material.

Avoid Moisture:
Protect the substance from excessive moisture or humidity, as it can affect its performance and quality.
Use moisture-proof packaging or containers if necessary.

Keep Containers Tightly Sealed:
Ensure that containers are tightly sealed to prevent exposure to air or moisture, which can lead to clumping or degradation.

Separate from Incompatible Materials:
Store Melamine polyphosphate away from incompatible substances, such as oxidizing agents or strong acids, to prevent chemical reactions or contamination.

Storage Stability:
The material is generally stable under normal storage conditions.
However, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for the maximum recommended storage period.

Proper Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the product name, batch/lot number, date of manufacture, and any relevant hazard information for easy identification and traceability.

Secure Storage:
Ensure proper storage practices to prevent unauthorized access or accidental spillage.



SYNONYMS


Melamine phosphate
Melamine polyphosphoric acid
MPP
MPP flame retardant
Melamine pyrophosphate
Melamine polyphosphonate
Melamine polyphosphate resin
Melamine phosphonate
Melamine phosphoric acid
N-methylol melamine phosphate
Melamine ammonium polyphosphate
Melamine ammonium phosphate
Melamine ammonium pyrophosphate
Melamine ammonium phosphonate
Melamine ammonium phosphoric acid
Melamine ammonium polyphosphonate
Melamine ammonium polyphosphoric acid
Melamine ammonium polyphosphate resin
Melamine ammonium phosphonate resin
Melamine ammonium phosphoric acid resin
MAP-MP
MAPP
MAP
MPA
MPP-NH4
Melamine phosphoric acid resin
Melamine polyphosphoric acid resin
Melamine ammonium phosphate resin
MPA resin
MPP-NH4 resin
Melamine ammonium polyphosphate-based flame retardant
Melamine phosphate-based flame retardant
Melamine polyphosphoric acid-based flame retardant
MPP flame retardant resin
MAP flame retardant
Melamine ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant
Melamine phosphonate flame retardant
Melamine polyphosphonate-based flame retardant
Melamine phosphoric acid-based flame retardant
MPA-based flame retardant
Melamine ammonium phosphate-based fire retardant
Melamine polyphosphoric acid-based fire retardant
Melamine phosphonate-based fire retardant
Melamine polyphosphonate flame retardant resin
Melamine phosphoric acid flame retardant resin
MAP flame retardant resin
Melamine ammonium polyphosphate-based fire-resistant additive
Melamine phosphonate-based fire-resistant additive
Melamine polyphosphonate fire-resistant additive
Melamine phosphoric acid-based fire-resistant additive
Melamine polyphosphate FR
Melamine phosphate FR
Melamine ammonium phosphate FR
MAP-MP FR
MAPP FR
Melamine polyphosphoric acid FR
Melamine phosphonate FR
Melamine polyphosphonate FR
Melamine phosphoric acid-based FR
Melamine polyphosphoric acid-based FR
Melamine ammonium phosphate-based fire retardant
MAP-MP-based fire retardant
MAPP-based fire retardant
Melamine polyphosphoric acid-based fire retardant
Melamine phosphonate-based fire retardant
Melamine polyphosphonate-based fire retardant
Melamine ammonium phosphate-based flame inhibitor
Melamine polyphosphoric acid-based flame inhibitor
Melamine phosphonate-based flame inhibitor
Melamine polyphosphonate-based flame inhibitor
Melamine phosphoric acid-based flame inhibitor
MAP-MP-based flame inhibitor
MAPP-based flame inhibitor
Melamine ammonium phosphate-based flame suppressant
Melamine polyphosphoric acid-based flame suppressant

Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) acts as a flame retardant.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is suitable for making polystyrene flame retardant, instead of polybrominated diphenyl ether.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is especially suitable for flame retardant glass fibre reinforced PA66.


CAS Number: 218768-84-4
EC Number: 243-601-5
MDL Number: MFCD00060248
Molecular formula: (C3H8N6)m(HPO3)n
Formula: (C3H8N6)n(HPO3)m; C3H7N6O3P)n;
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, polyphosphate;



SYNONYMS:
FR-NP, Melapur 200, Melapur M 200, Melamine Polyphosphate, Fr-Np Melamine Polyphosphate, Melamine Polyphosphate(FR-NP), SLFR-7, Einecs 243-601-5, Melamine polyphosphate, MelaMine phosphate (MP), Phosphoric acid•melamine, Melamine phosphoric acid, MelaMine polyphosphate (MP), Melamine polyphosphate,>99%, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, MelaMine polyphosphate (MPP)



Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a highly efficient nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) has the advantages of high thermal stability, low water solubility, no precipitation, and excellent flame retardant properties.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) acts as a flame retardant.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is halogen-free and low poison, meet European Environmental Protection requirements.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) possesses good heat stability, decomposition temperature=330°C.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an expandable flame retardant, which can be used as a flame retardant alone or in combination with other flame retardants.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is suitable for fire-resistant coatings, PBT, PET, epoxy resins, etc., especially suitable for flame retardant fiberglass reinforced PA66, and
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can meet the processing requirements of most engineering plastics.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is halogen-free nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant, suitable for processing substrates with high temperature requirements.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP)'s nitrogen is from melamine (triazine-based).


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is suitable for fireproof coating, PBT, PET, epoxy resins, polyamide, etc.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is especially suitable for flame retardant glass fibre reinforced PA66.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) provides strong thermal decomposition and great flame retardant effect.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP), is a melamine based halogen free flame retardant for glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 and suitable to use in thermosetting, thermoplastic formula, especially PUR and also be widely used in PBT, PET, PA
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a halogen-free flame retardant based on Nitrogen and Phosphorus, with excellent process properties, high thermal stability, low water solubility, low immigration.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an effective flame retardant used in combination with pentaerythritol phosphate in thermoplastic polyester.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is suitable for making polystyrene flame retardant, instead of polybrominated diphenyl ether.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is suitable for making rubber (butadiene, nitrile, polypropylene elastic) nylon 6/6, epoxy resin, hard polyurethane foam flame retardant.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an efficient nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) has the advantages of high thermal stability, low water solubility and excellent flame retardant properties.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is halogen-free flame retardant, especially used in the glass fiber reinforced PA66.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) has good thermal stability, decomposition temperature >350°C.
Melamine polyphosphate is a halogen-free flame retardant, and have very high thermal stability.
The decomposition temperature of Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is ≥375℃.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an efficient nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) has the advantages of high thermal stability, low water solubility, excellent flame retardant performance, etc.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an environmental-friendly halogen-free flame retardants.



USES and APPLICATIONS of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be used for flame retardant modification/post -treatment of high temperature nylon, glass fiber reinforced nylon 6/nylon 66/PBT, polyurethane and fiber fabrics.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can also be used in combination with other materials to obtain better flame retardant effect.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) may be widely applied in thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics, and rubber, fiber and so on.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is also specially used for glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used sSpecially used for glass-fiber reinforced nylon


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is widely applied to thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, rubber, and fiber
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used in PA and PBT, especially PA6, and PA66.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be used in all kinds of injection and extrusion processes and meet all kind of processing demands of polyamide, and glass fiber polyamide.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used in polyamide and PBT, especially PA6, PA66, glass fiber-reinforced PA6, PA66.
Nylon containing Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be used in all kind of injection and extrusion process and meet all kind of processing demands...
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used in polyamide and PBT, especially PA6, PA66, glass fiber-reinforced PA6, PA66.


Nylon containing Melamine Polyphosphate(MPP) can be used in all kind of injection and extrusion process as well as meet all kind of processing demands of polyamide, glass fiber polyamide.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used environmental protection type non-halogen flame retardant


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be used as catalyst and foaming agent in fireproof coating, and its performance is slightly better than that of common ammonium polyphosphate.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be applied in vinyl acetate copolymer such as sharing with cyclic urea-formaldehyde (coking agent) in polyolefin demonstrating highly effective expansion flame retardant effect.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used for flame retardant in glass fiber reinforced nylon, polyurethane and fiber fabrics.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used in PA and PBT, especially PA6, PA66. It can be used in all kind of injection and extrusion process and meet all kind of processing demands of polyamide, glass fiber polyamide.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used FR-NP, exists in white powder, is a kind of expanded flame retardant,which not only is used as flame retardant but also is used together with other flame retardants,especially used in the glass fiber reinforced PA66,and can meet the process requests of most engineering plastics.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used specially for glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be used as a catalyst and foaming agent in the fire process, and its performance is slightly better than that of ammonium polyphosphate.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be applied in vinyl acetate copolymer such as combined with cyclic urea-formaldehyde (coking agent) in polyolefin shows very good flame retardant effect.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a good synthetic flame retardant used in combination with pentaerythritol phosphate in thermoplastic polyester.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is necessary to make polystyrene flame retardant, instead of polybrominated diphenyl ether.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is suitable for making rubber (butadiene, nitrile, polypropylene elastic) nylon 6/6, epoxy resin, polyurethane foam as flame retardant.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used in polyamide and PBT, especially PA6, PA66, glass fiber-reinforced PA6, PA66.
Nylon containing NP-100 can be used in all kind of injection and extrusion process and meet all kind of processing demands of polyamide, glass fiber polyamide.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used in polyamide, especially PA6, PA66, glass fiber-reinforced PA6, PA66 and PBT, etc.
Nylon containing Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be used in all kinds of injection and extrusion process and meet all kinds of processing demands of polyamide and glass fiber polyamide.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used catalyst and foam
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and such as Cyclic urea-formaldehyde resin(carbon) have good expand effect in polyolefin.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is very flame retardant with pentaerythritol phosphate in thermoplastic resin.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used in polystyrene can replace polybrominate diphenyl.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used Rubber(butylbenzene, butyronitrile), PP,PA6/6,Epoxy resin, Polyurethane foam,


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used Silicone molding(with porous graphite).
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) has a very high thermal stability whose decomposition temperature is more than360 ℃.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is widely used in thermo plastics and thermo setting plastics, rubber, fiber and other products.


What’s more, Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) has very good flame retardance effect when using in glass fiber reinforced nylon66.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is 15541-60-3, and its molecular formula is C3H10N6O7P2, is a chemical intermediate.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used for flame retardant in glass fiber reinforced nylon, polyurethane and fiber fabrics.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be widely applied in thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics, and rubber, fiber, and so on.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used specially for glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can use in the fire-retardant coating for .



BENEFITS AND FEATURES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
*Halogen-free and low poison, comply with European Environmental Protection requirements.
*Easy process, no need special screws combination and special grade glass fiber.
*Different from general halogen retardant, no corrosion damage to equipment and mold.
*Good heat stability, decomposition temperature>360°C, suitable for glass fiber-reinforced nylon.
*Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) contains different partical size grades.



FEATURES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
*Halogen‐free and low poison, comply with European Environmental Protection requirements.
*Easy process, no need for special screw combination and special grade glass fiber.
*Different from general halogen retardant, no corrosion damage to equipment and mold.
*Good heat stability, decomposition temperature>360°C, suitable for glass fiber‐reinforced nylon.
*Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) contains different particle size grades.



PROPERTIES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
*Environmental.
*Halogen-free, nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant.
*Good thermal stability, easy to produce and process plastic products.
*Decomposition temperature >350°C, processing temperature can reach 300°C.
*Small fuming, low smoke production, low density of smoke produced.
*Small water solubility, no moisture absorption.



FEATURES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
a) The flame retardant mechanism is nitrogen and phosphorus synergistic, and Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an environmentally friendly flame retardant.
b) The decomposition temperature is higher than that of melamine phosphate, and the processing process does not affect the surface finish of the substrate.
c) Excellent weather resistance, because it does not contain bromine, Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is resistant to ultraviolet rays and does not yellow.
d) Appearance is white crystalline solid powder, coloring, good dispersibility and low hygroscopicity.
e) Add Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) arbitrarily to the fire retardant coating without significantly increasing the viscosity of the coating.



FLAME RETARDENTS MECHANISM OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
Melamine decomposition, needs to absorb heat from the polymer to reduce the surface temperature of the substrate.
Decomposition temperature of Melamine salts is high.

Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) (containing nitrogen) release inert gases, these non-flammable gases can dilute oxygen, reducing the concentration of combustible gases.

Nitrogen-phosphorus synergist.
Phosphorus promote char-forming, Nitogen release inert gases which will promote the foaming and expansion of the carbonised char layer, so it can prevent the convection of heat and outside oxygen.



FEATURES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
1) Good quality
2) Competitive price
3) Certificated
4) Professional standard packing
5) Mass customization production
6) Strong production ability



BENEFITS OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a halogen-free flame retardant with high purity.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is white fine powder.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is with very high thermal stability.

Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be UL94V-0 rating for nylon 6 by adding other flame retardants (i.e. pentaerythritol & ammonium polyphosphate).
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a halogen free FR and offers significant advantages in terms of fire safety. It will release lower smoke density, lower smoke toxicity and less corrosive gases.



FEATURES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
- Halogen-free and low poison, meet European Environmental Protection requirements.
- Good processability without special screws combination and special specification glass fibre.
- Good heat stability, decomposition temperature>350°C, suitable for glass fiber-reinforced nylon66.
- Good dispersivity to enhance the mechanical properties of the processed products.Stable product quality to reduce the moisture absorption of the product and make it easy to preserve.



BENEFITS OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
*Halogen-free and very high thermal stability
*UL94V-0 rating for nylon 66
*UL94V-1 rating for nylon 6
*UL94V-0 rating for nylon 6 by adding other flame retardants (i.e. pentaerythritol & ammonium polyphosphate)



FEATURES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
1. Zero halogen and low toxicity, Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an environmentally friendly flame retardant that meets European green environmental requirements.

2. Good processability, no need for special screw combinations or special specifications of fiberglass.

3. Good thermal stability, decomposition temperature ≥ 350 ℃, especially suitable for flame retardancy of fiberglass reinforced Melamine polyphosphate (MPP).

4. The FR-NP100 product has good dispersibility, enhances the mechanical properties of the processed product, slows down the moisture absorption of the product, and is easy to store.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
Appearance: White powder
Nitrogen content: 39%~43.5%
Phosphorus content: 12%~15%
Moisture: ≤0.5
Particle size (D50): ≤5μm
CAS Number: 218768-84-4
Molecular Weight: N/A
Density: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Molecular Formula: C3H6N6.(H3PO4)n
Melting Point: N/A

MSDS: N/A
Flash Point: N/A
Appearance: White powder
Chemical Formula: HO(C3H7N6PO3)nH
N content (%): 42 to 44
P content (%): 12 to 14
pH value (10g/L): 4 to 6
Particle size µm MPP-A: D50 ≤ 2.5, D98 ≤ 30
Particle size µm MPP-B: D50 ≤ 1.7, D98 ≤ 18
Bulk density kg/m³: 300 to 500
Solubility (20°C) g/L: ≤ 0.05

Decomposition temperature MPP-A: ≥ 375°C
Decomposition temperature MPP-B: ≥ 360°C
CBNumber: CB8212566
Molecular Formula: C3H9N6O4P
Molecular Weight: 224.12
MDL Number: MFCD00060248
MOL File: 20208-95-1.mol
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Solid
Color: White to Off-White
FDA UNII: DOS5Q2BU94
EPA Substance Registry System: 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:1) (20208-95-1)
CAS No.: 218768-84-4

Specs: Flame retardant
Molecular Formula: C3H6N6.(H3PO4)n
Appearance: White powder
CAS No.: 218768-84-4
Specifications:
P (%): 14 min
N (%): 35 min
Density (g/cm³): 1.74
Decomposition temperature: 300℃ min
Solubility in water (25℃ g/100 ml H2O): 0.1 g/100 ml H2O max
pH: 5.0~7.0
Average Particle size: 15μm max



FIRST AID MEASURES of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

MENTHOL, N° CAS : 1490-04-6 / 2216-51-5 / 89-78-1 / 15356-70-4 - Menthol. Autres langues : Mentol, Mentolo. Nom INCI : MENTHOL. Nom chimique : Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 216-074-4 / 218-690-9 / 201-939-0 / 239-388-3, Le menthol fait partie de la famille des alcools, il est obtenu à partir des huiles de menthe ou menthe poivrée. Il a une odeur de menthe poivrée. Il est connu pour ses effets tonifiants et rafraîchissants pour la peau. Ses fonctions (INCI). Dénaturant : Rend les cosmétiques désagréables. Principalement ajouté aux cosmétiques contenant de l'alcool éthylique. Le menthol est un composé organique covalent obtenu soit par synthèse, soit par extraction à partir de l'huile essentielle de menthe poivrée ou d'autres huiles essentielles de menthe. Le stéréoisomère le plus courant du menthol est le (–)-menthol, de configuration (1R,2S,5R). Il appartient à la famille des monoterpénols. À température ambiante (20 à 25 °C), il se trouve sous forme de cristaux, d'une couleur blanc cireux. Il fond si l'on augmente légèrement la température. Le menthol a des propriétés anti-inflammatoires et antivirales. Il est d'ailleurs utilisé pour soulager les irritations mineures de la gorge. C'est également un anesthésique local.Nom UICPA (1R,2S,5R)-5-méthyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexanol. Synonymes : 5-méthyl-2-(1-méthyléthyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol, (1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-méthylcyclohexanol. No CAS 89-78-1, racémique, 2216-51-5, (−)-isomère, 15356-60-2(+)-isomère, Le menthol est inclus dans nombre de produits différents pour plusieurs raisons comme : soulagement à court terme de la gorge endolorie et de l'irritation mineure de la bouche ou de la gorge (bains de bouche par exemple) ; antipruritique, pour réduire les démangeaisons ; anesthésique local pour soulager des maux et douleurs mineures telles que des crampes musculaires, entorses, migraines. Il peut être utilisé seul ou combiné à du piment ou du camphre. En Europe, il est plutôt utilisé en gel ou en crème ; décongestionnant pour les voies respiratoires et les sinus ; pesticide contre les acariens (acaricide) ; dans certains médicaments traitant les brûlures mineures, il produit une sensation de froid (souvent utilisés en application locale, en association avec l'aloès) ; additif dans certaines cigarettes, comme saveur, pour réduire l'âcreté, favoriser l'inhalation profonde de la fumée et augmenter l'addiction9 ; additif dans certaines saveurs de liquides pour cigarettes électroniques ; comme désinfectant pour l'hygiène orale, ou remède contre la mauvaise haleine, comme collutoire, dans les pâtes dentifrices, et plus généralement comme agent de saveur pour les chewing-gums et les sucreries ; dans les sodas, aussi bien mélangé avec de l'eau pour obtenir une boisson à très faible teneur en alcool, comme dans le Ricqlès (on fait ici référence à la boisson, et non à l'alcool de menthe de la même marque) ;en versant quelques gouttes d'alcool de menthe sur un morceau de sucre pour soulager la nausée ; pour préparer des esters menthylés afin d'agrémenter des notes florales en parfumerie ; en patchs pour faire tomber la fièvre ou obtenir une sensation de froid (très développé au Japon) ; additif à certains produits de beauté (produits coiffants par exemple). Les défenseurs de l'homéopathie pensent que le menthol interfère avec les produits homéopathiques. Son utilisation est fortement déconseillée en association avec ceux-ci, au point de proscrire les dentifrices à base de menthol. Le menthol peut être utilisé en aromathérapie sous forme d'huile essentielle de menthe poivrée (médecine naturelle), l'indigestion, la nausée, les maux de gorge, la diarrhée, les maux de tête et les refroidissements (médecine orientale). Le menthol a une toxicité relativement basse : DL50 de 3 300 mg·kg-1 pour le rat, oral ; DL50 de 15 800 mg kg−1 pour le lapin, peau.En chimie organique, le menthol est utilisé comme auxiliaire chiral dans la synthèse de centres asymétriques. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent rafraîchissant : Procure une fraîcheur agréable à la peau. Agent apaisant : Aide à alléger l'inconfort de la peau ou du cuir chevelu. L-(-)-Menthol (1R,2S,5R)-5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol (-)-(1R,2S,5R)-Menthol (-)-(1R,3R,4S)-Menthol (−)-menthol (-)-Menthol (-)-MENTHYL ALCOHOL (-)-p-Menthan-3-ol (-)-trans-p-Methan-cis-3-ol (1R)-(-)-Menthol (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-Menthol (1R,2S,5R)-(−)-Menthol (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol [ACD/IUPAC Name] (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-méthylcyclohexanol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name] (1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-cyclohexan-1-ol (R)-(-)-Menthol [1R-(1a,2b,5a)]-5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol 201-939-0 [EINECS] 218-690-9 [EINECS] 2216-51-5 [RN] 89-78-1 [RN] Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-, (1R,2S,5R)- [ACD/Index Name] levo-menthol Levomenthol [BAN] Levomentholum [Latin] L-Menthol [JP15] Menthol Menthol, l- (-)-trans-p-Menthan-cis-ol (±)-Menthol (±)-Menthol (l)-Menthol 1490-04-6 [RN] 15356-20-4 [RN] 239-388-3 [EINECS] 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol 63975-60-0 [RN] 6515-58-8 [RN] 98167-53-4 [RN] dl-mentho hexahydrothymol L(-)-Menthol Laevo-Menthol Leavo-menthol Levomentholum levomentol Menthacamphor MENTHOL (L) Menthol racemic Menthol, (1R,3R,4S)-(-)- Menthol, cis-1,3,trans-1,4- MFCD00001484 [MDL number] MFCD00062983 [MDL number] MFCD00064814 [MDL number] Peppermint camphor;Menthol WLN: L6TJ AY1&1 BQ D1 WLN: L6TJ AY1&1 DQ D1 -L 薄荷醇 [Chinese]

Melapur 200, also known as melamine polyphosphate, is a chemical compound primarily used as a flame retardant and smoke suppressant in various applications, particularly in plastics, coatings, textiles, and construction materials.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is a type of intumescent flame retardant, meaning it undergoes a chemical reaction when exposed to heat or flames, forming a protective char layer that insulates the underlying material and inhibits the spread of fire.

CAS Number: 218768-84-4
EC Number: 244-575-5

Melapur 200, MPP, Melamine phosphate, Melaphos, Melapur MP, Melapur 110, Melamine acid phosphate, Melaminephosphoric acid, Melamine-pyrophosphoric acid, Melamid 25, Melamine orthophosphate, Melapur MP 200, Melaphos 201, Melapur MP-200, Melapur MP 100, Melaminophosphoric acid, Melaminepyrophosphoric acid, Melaminic acid phosphate, Melaminic acid phosphoric ester, Melapur 200F, Melapur MP100, Melapur 200F-40, Melapur 200-F 40, Melaminphosphorsäure, Melamin-pyrophosphorsäure, Melamin phosphorsäure, Melapur 100, Melapur 100F, Melapur MPF, Melamin phosphorsäureester, Melapur MP-100, Melapur MPF-40, Melapur MP 200F-40, Melapur MP 100F, Melaphos MP-100, Melapur MP 100 F, Melaminophosphorsäureester, Melamin-phosphorsäureester, Melapur MP 100-F, Melapur MP 100F-40, Melapur MP 100 F-40, Melapur MPF-20, Melaminphosphorsäureesterverbindung, Melamin-phosphorsäureesterverbindung, Melapur MPF-15, Melapur MP 100-F 40, Melapur 200F-20, Melapur MP 200-F20, Melapur MP 100 F-20, Melaphos 100F, Melaminphosphorsäureverbindung, Melamin-phosphorsäureverbindung, Melaminophosphorsäureverbindung, Melapur MPF-50, Melapur MPF-25, Melamin-phosphorsäureester


APPLICATIONS

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is commonly used as a flame retardant additive in the production of polymer-based materials.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) finds extensive application in the manufacturing of flame-retardant plastics, including polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is utilized in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings and paints for architectural, industrial, and automotive applications.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is incorporated into intumescent coatings, which swell and form a protective char layer when exposed to fire, providing passive fire protection.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is employed in the production of flame-retardant textiles, such as curtains, upholstery fabrics, and protective clothing.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is used in the manufacturing of flame-retardant foams for upholstered furniture, mattresses, and automotive seating.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is added to thermosetting resins, such as epoxy and phenolic resins, to impart fire resistance to composite materials and laminates.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is utilized in the production of flame-retardant adhesives and sealants for construction, electronics, and aerospace applications.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is incorporated into electrical and electronic components to improve their fire safety performance and comply with industry standards.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant cable insulation and sheathing materials for applications requiring enhanced electrical safety.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) finds application in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for wood, plywood, and engineered wood products.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is added to paper and cardboard products to enhance their fire resistance and reduce the risk of fire propagation.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is employed in the production of fire-resistant thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) for automotive, wire and cable, and consumer goods applications.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is utilized in the manufacturing of fire-resistant building materials, including insulation boards, roofing membranes, and wall panels.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is added to polyurethane foams to improve their fire safety properties and meet regulatory requirements for construction materials.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) finds application in the production of fire-resistant gaskets, seals, and packing materials for industrial and automotive applications.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is used in the formulation of fire-retardant coatings for steel and other structural materials to enhance their fire resistance.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is added to polymer composites used in marine applications to reduce the flammability of boat components and structures.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is employed in the production of fire-resistant paints and coatings for offshore platforms, oil refineries, and chemical processing plants.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) finds application in the production of fire-resistant molded products, such as electrical enclosures, junction boxes, and circuit breakers.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is added to plastic films and packaging materials to improve their fire resistance and reduce the risk of fire spread.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is utilized in the formulation of fire-resistant insulating materials for thermal and acoustic insulation in buildings and industrial equipment.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) finds application in the production of fire-resistant automotive components, such as dashboard panels, door trims, and engine covers.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is added to rubber compounds used in conveyor belts, hoses, and automotive tires to enhance their fire resistance.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is employed in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for metal surfaces, such as steel beams, columns, and structural supports, to improve their fire safety performance.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is used in the production of fire-resistant paints and coatings for industrial equipment, machinery, and storage tanks.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) finds application in the formulation of fire-resistant insulation materials for HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems and ductwork.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is incorporated into fireproof barriers and partitions to compartmentalize spaces and prevent the spread of fire.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is added to plastic pipes and fittings used in plumbing and construction to improve their fire performance.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is utilized in the production of fire-resistant flooring materials, including vinyl tiles, laminate flooring, and carpet backing.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) finds application in the formulation of fire-retardant paints and coatings for interior walls, ceilings, and structural elements.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is added to foam insulation boards and panels to enhance their fire resistance and thermal insulation properties.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is employed in the production of fire-resistant door cores and frames for commercial and residential buildings.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is used in the formulation of fire-resistant sealants and caulks for joints, gaps, and penetrations in building construction.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is incorporated into fire blankets and curtains used for emergency fire suppression and containment.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) finds application in the production of fire-resistant textiles for industrial applications, such as welding blankets and protective clothing.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is added to fireproof coatings for structural steel and concrete to improve their fire resistance and structural integrity.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is utilized in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for electrical enclosures, switchgear, and control panels.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) finds application in the production of fire-resistant decorative laminates and veneers for interior finishes and furniture.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is added to fire-resistant glazing systems for windows, doors, and curtain walls in commercial buildings.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is incorporated into fire-resistant mortar and grout used in construction to improve their fire performance.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is utilized in the formulation of fire-resistant tapes and adhesives for bonding and sealing applications in high-temperature environments.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) finds application in the production of fire-resistant concrete additives and admixtures for structural and non-structural applications.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is added to fire-resistant coatings for steel structures in industrial facilities, such as refineries and power plants.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is employed in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for air ducts, chimneys, and exhaust systems in commercial and industrial buildings.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) finds application in the production of fire-resistant composites for aerospace, marine, and transportation applications.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is added to fire-resistant mastics and putties for firestopping and penetration sealing in building construction.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is utilized in the formulation of fire-resistant lubricants and greases for high-temperature applications in industrial machinery.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) finds application in the production of fire-resistant membranes and barriers for waterproofing and vapor control in building envelopes.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is incorporated into fire-resistant coatings for exterior cladding systems to enhance their fire performance and weather resistance.



DESCRIPTION


Melapur 200, also known as melamine polyphosphate, is a chemical compound primarily used as a flame retardant and smoke suppressant in various applications, particularly in plastics, coatings, textiles, and construction materials.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is a type of intumescent flame retardant, meaning it undergoes a chemical reaction when exposed to heat or flames, forming a protective char layer that insulates the underlying material and inhibits the spread of fire.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is valued for its effectiveness in improving the fire safety properties of a wide range of materials while offering advantages such as thermal stability, low toxicity, and compatibility with various polymers.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is commonly used in industries where fire safety is a critical concern, such as automotive, electronics, and building construction.

Melamine polyphosphate is a white, crystalline powder with a fine texture.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) exhibits excellent flame-retardant properties, making it highly effective in reducing the spread of fire.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) forms a protective char layer when exposed to heat or flames, which acts as a barrier against further combustion.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is odorless and non-toxic, making it suitable for use in various applications where safety is paramount.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is soluble in water and compatible with a wide range of polymers, including plastics, resins, and rubbers.

This flame retardant is characterized by its high thermal stability, retaining its effectiveness even at elevated temperatures.
Melamine polyphosphate is often used in combination with other flame retardants to achieve synergistic effects and improve overall fire resistance.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is commonly employed in the manufacturing of fire-resistant coatings, paints, and sealants for building materials and structural components.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is also utilized in the production of flame-retardant textiles, carpets, and upholstery fabrics.
Melamine polyphosphate can be incorporated into polymer matrices through various processing methods, including blending, compounding, and extrusion.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) imparts minimal changes to the physical properties of materials, such as mechanical strength, flexibility, and color.
The compound's low toxicity profile and environmental compatibility make it a preferred choice for flame retardant formulations.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) exhibits excellent compatibility with halogen-containing flame retardants, enhancing their performance in fire-resistant applications.
It is known for its ability to suppress smoke and toxic gas emissions during combustion, contributing to improved fire safety in enclosed spaces.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is resistant to leaching and migration, ensuring long-lasting fire protection in treated materials.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) demonstrates good dispersibility in polymer matrices, facilitating uniform distribution and effective flame retardant action.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is stable under a wide range of processing conditions, including high shear rates, temperatures, and pressures.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) offers cost-effective fire protection solutions compared to some alternative flame retardants.
Its versatility and compatibility with various substrates make it suitable for use in diverse industries, including construction, automotive, and electronics.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) undergoes controlled decomposition when exposed to fire, releasing inert gases that dilute oxygen and inhibit combustion.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is characterized by its high purity and consistency, ensuring reliable performance in flame retardant applications.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) is resistant to hydrolysis and degradation, maintaining its fire-retardant properties over extended periods of time.
Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate)'s low dusting properties minimize handling hazards and reduce the risk of airborne contamination during processing.

Melapur 200 (Melamine Polyphosphate) complies with stringent regulatory requirements and industry standards for fire safety and environmental protection.
Its effectiveness, versatility, and safety profile make melamine polyphosphate a valuable additive in materials requiring enhanced flame resistance.



PROPERTIES


Appearance: White powder
Chemical Formula: HO(C3H7N6PO3)nH
N content (%): 42 to 44
P content (%): 12 to 14
pH value (10g/L): 4 to 6
Particle size µm MPP-A: D50 ≤ 2.5, D98 ≤ 30
Particle size µm MPP-B: D50 ≤ 1.7, D98 ≤ 18
Bulk density kg/m³: 300 to 500
Solubility (20°C) g/L: ≤ 0.05
Decomposition temperature MPP-A: ≥ 375°C
Decomposition temperature MPP-B: ≥ 360°C



FIRST AID



Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If exposed to melamine polyphosphate dust or fumes, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.

Ensure Breathing:
Ensure that the affected person is breathing and monitor their respiratory status.

Seek Medical Attention:
If symptoms such as difficulty breathing, coughing, or respiratory distress persist, seek medical attention promptly.

Provide Oxygen:
If available and trained to do so, administer oxygen to the affected person while awaiting medical assistance.

Keep Warm and Rested:
Keep the affected person warm and in a resting position to aid in recovery and minimize discomfort.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
If melamine polyphosphate comes into contact with the skin, promptly remove any contaminated clothing.

Wash Skin Thoroughly:
Wash the affected area with soap and water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring thorough rinsing to remove any traces of melamine polyphosphate.

Use Mild Soap:
Use a mild soap or detergent to gently cleanse the skin, avoiding harsh chemicals that may exacerbate irritation.

Apply Moisturizer:
After washing, apply a soothing moisturizer or emollient to the affected area to help soothe and hydrate the skin.

Seek Medical Advice:
If skin irritation persists or worsens, seek medical advice or consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment.


Eye Contact:

Flush with Water:
Immediately flush the eyes with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If wearing contact lenses, remove them as soon as possible to facilitate irrigation of the eyes.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention or contact an eye specialist if irritation, pain, or redness persists after flushing.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting if melamine polyphosphate has been ingested, as it may lead to further complications.

Do Not Drink Water:
Refrain from giving anything by mouth to the affected person unless instructed by medical personnel.

Seek Medical Assistance:
Immediately contact a poison control center or seek medical assistance for further guidance and treatment.

Provide Information:
Provide medical personnel with details regarding the amount ingested, the time of ingestion, and any symptoms experienced by the affected person.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:


Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety glasses or goggles, and protective clothing (such as long sleeves and pants), when handling melamine polyphosphate to minimize skin and eye contact.

Avoid Inhalation:
Avoid breathing in dust or fumes generated during handling.
Use local exhaust ventilation or wear a respiratory protective device if necessary.

Prevent Skin Contact:
Prevent skin contact by wearing gloves and long-sleeved clothing.
In case of skin contact, wash affected areas thoroughly with soap and water.

Prevent Eye Contact:
Wear safety glasses or goggles to protect eyes from potential splashes.
In case of eye contact, flush eyes with water immediately and seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Minimize Dust Generation:
Handle melamine polyphosphate in a manner that minimizes dust generation.
Use appropriate handling and transfer equipment to reduce the risk of airborne exposure.

Avoid Contamination:
Prevent contamination of food, beverages, and tobacco products with melamine polyphosphate.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling and before eating, drinking, or smoking.

Dispose of Waste Properly:
Dispose of waste materials, such as empty containers or spilled product, in accordance with local regulations and guidelines for hazardous waste disposal.


Storage:

Container Selection:
Store melamine polyphosphate in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, such as polyethylene or stainless steel, to prevent moisture ingress and contamination.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the product name, hazard symbols, handling instructions, and storage conditions to ensure proper identification and safe handling.

Temperature Control:
Store melamine polyphosphate in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, which may affect product stability.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in storage areas to prevent the buildup of dust or vapors.
Use mechanical ventilation or natural ventilation as appropriate.

Separation:
Store melamine polyphosphate away from incompatible materials, including acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and strong reducing agents, to prevent chemical reactions or hazards.

Avoid Stacking:
Avoid stacking containers of melamine polyphosphate to prevent damage or collapse.
Store containers on shelves or racks with adequate support and spacing.

Handling Precautions:
Handle containers with care to prevent spills or leaks.
Use appropriate lifting equipment and techniques when moving or transporting heavy containers.

Security Measures:
Implement security measures, such as locked storage areas or restricted access, to prevent unauthorized handling or tampering with melamine polyphosphate.

Emergency Response:
Have appropriate spill containment and cleanup materials readily available in case of spills or leaks.
Train personnel on proper spill response procedures and emergency protocols.

Melapur 200/70 is a halogen-free, flame retardant based on melamine polyphosphate.
Upon exposure to strong fire, Melapur 200/70 forms a stable char which protects the polymer and prevents further flame propagation.
Melapur 200/70 is compliant with UL 94 V0 (0.8 mm) at 25% by weight.

CAS: 218768-84-4
MF: C3H6N6.(H3PO4)n
EINECS: 239-590-1

MELAPUR 200/70 is a salt of melamine and polyphosphoric acid,
suitable as flame retardant for glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66.
MELAPUR 200/70 is a melamine based halogen free flame retardant for glass fiber reinforced
polyamide 66.
MELAPUR 200/70, melamine polyphosphate, is a halogen-free flame retardant specially developed
for glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66.
As a white powder Melapur 200/70 opens up new and broader color
schemes for flame retarded glass fiber reinforced PA 66.
The mechanism is based on intumescence.
At exposure to fire a strong and stable char is formed which protects the polymer and prevents.
The good balance between intumescence and thermal stability of MELAPUR 200/70 provides a
processing window of up to 320 o C.
Excellent health and safety data offer additional handling and processing advantages.

Synonyms
Melapur 200
Melapur M 200
Melamine Polyphosphate(FR-NP)
FR-NP
Fr-Np Melamine Polyphosphate
Melamine phosphate
20208-95-1
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate
41583-09-9
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate
Triazinetriaminephosphate
melamine monophosphate
EINECS 255-449-7
218768-84-4
phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
DOS5Q2BU94
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:1)
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate
EINECS 243-601-5
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:?)
EC 255-449-7
hate
INTUMESCENTCOMPOUNDKE8000
Melamine Polyphosp
EINECS 260-493-5
UNII-DOS5Q2BU94
C3H6N6.xH3O4P
SCHEMBL73239
C3H6N6.H3O4P
DTXSID80872787
XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
C3-H6-N6.H3-O4-P
C3-H6-N6.x-H3-O4-P
MELAMINE, PHOSPHATE (1:1)
MFCD00060248
AKOS028108538
AS-15268
CS-0449429
FT-0628188
FT-0742330
F71215
Di(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine) phosphate
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (2:1)

Melment F 10 Description Melamine Superplasticizer Melment F 10 Technical Data Sheet Chemical Nature Melment F 10 is free-flowing spray dried powder of a sulphonated polycondensation product based on melamine. Superplasticizer for cement and calcium sulphate based materials. Properties Typical Properties Physical shape powder Appearance characteristic, white to slightly colored Drying loss max. 4.0% Bulk density 500 – 800 kg/m³ Dosage recommendation 0.20 – 2.00% by weight of cementitious materials pH value at 20 ˚C, 20% solution 9.0 – 11.4 Applications Fields of application Melment® F 10 is especially optimized for plastification and water reduction of cement and calcium sulphate based materials; including the following: • Self-leveling underlayments (SLU) • Feather edge products • Cementitious floor screeds • Dry-mix concrete • Repair mortars • Non-shrink grouts • Cementitious self leveling floor screeds • Tile adhesives and joint fillers Safety General The usual safety precautions when handling chemicals must be observed. These include the measures described in Federal, State and Local health and safety regulations, thorough ventilation of the workplace, good skin care and wearing of protective goggles. Material Safety Data Sheet All safety information is provided in the Material Safety Data Sheet for Melment F 10. Transport Regulation Not known as a dangerous good according to transport regulations. Product Description Leveraging on our vast industrial experience, we offer an extensive range of Melamine Powder. This product is processed in conformity with international standards using certified chemical compounds with the help of highly advanced techniques. This product is meticulously tested by our vendors on well defined parameters to ensure its optimum quality, precise pH value and purity. Apart from this, we offer this product at industry leading rates within promised time-frame. Features: Precise pH value Optimum quality Purity Fields of Application: MELMENT F 10 is especially optimized for plastification and water reduction of cement based materials. Self-levelling underlayments (SLU) Feather-edge products Non-shrink grouts Cementitious floor screeds Cementitious self-levelling floor screeds Tiles adhesives and joint fillers Repair mortars Dry-mix concrete Packaging: 25 kg paper bag 100 kg big bag Melamine Superplasticizer melment f10 similared superplasticizer SMF Melamine Sulphonate Superplasticizer is a high range water reducing admixture. We are one of the best superplasticizer manufacturers in China. SMF Melamine Sulphonate Superplasticizer is a free flowing, spray dried powder of polycarboxylate resin. It's environment-friendly and widely applied to high performance concrete. It's dispersiveness is good, water reducing rate is high and adaptability to various cement. Fluidity of ixtures is excellent when used in concrete and mortar. It's also an excellent dispersion plasticizer suitable for gypsum, ceramic and other mineral materials Specification for Melamine Sulphonate Superplasticizer Appearance Light yellow powder Solid content(%) 95Min Density(Kg/m3) 500-600 Moisture (%) 5.0Max Alkali content (%) 5.0Max Cl content (%) 0.2Max PH Value (1%Sol.) 8.0-9.5 3. Advantage for Melamine Sulphonate Superplasticizer Advantage:of Polycarboxylate based superplasticizer Lower dosage: high water reducing (25-40%), and cement save 15-30%. Low slump loss: less than 20% during two hours. Good compatibility: mix with many kinds of cements and admixtures. Lower shrinkage: improve compression of fresh mixed concrete. Low chloride and alkali content, no corrosion to rebar. High stability: no precipitation at low temperature Application 4. Application for Melamine Sulphonate Superplasticizer a. Long-distance transportation pump concrete b. Compounding high durable concrete required impermeability, high ability of keeping collapse and frost-resistance c. Compounding high flowing concrete, self-leveling grounds, fair-faced concrete and grouts materials, gypsum products d. Compounding concrete with high dosage of flyash and mineral powder MELMENT F10 is a melamine sulphonate based, powder form superplasticizer used in bagged manufacturing of powder products such as cement and gypsum. Usage places ■ In construction chemicals industry, cement-based powder manufacturing, ■ In the construction chemicals industry, gypsum-based powder manufacturing, ■ Where liquid superplasticizer is difficult to transport, ■ It is used in the production of mold plaster in the industry. Advantages ■ It increases the strength of powder products by reducing the mixing water. ■ Although it reduces the mixing water of powder products, it increases the processability. ■ It does not change the colors of powder-form products. Liquid superplasticizer is obtained easily by mixing with water on site ■ In order to increase the workability and strength of the mixture, at the rate of 0.5 - 0.9 kg, ■ For leveling screeds and precast gypsum elements at a rate of 0.6 -1.5 kg, ■ It is used at the rate of 0.5-1.5 kg for plaster molds. The dosage of use is determined based on laboratory experiments. BASF - YKS Technical Service should be consulted for detailed information. Packaging 25 kg polletllen reinforced kraft bag Shelf Life It is 24 months from the production date under appropriate storage conditions, in its original packaging. Opened packages must be used within one week under appropriate storage conditions. Dosage MELMENT F10 in 100 kg binder: ■ In the ratio of 0.2 - 0.4 kg to increase the processability of the mixture, ■ In order to increase the strength of the mixture, at the rate of 0.3 - 0.6 kg Product description MELMENT F10 is a powder form superplasticizer based on melamine sulphonate which is used in bagged manufacturing of powder products such as cement and plaster. MELMENT® F 10 MELMENT F10 is a melamine sulphonate based, powder form superplasticizer used in bagged manufacturing of powder products such as cement and gypsum. Usage places In the construction chemicals industry, in cement-based powder manufacturing, Construction chemicals industry, gypsum-based powder manufacturing, Where liquid superplasticizer is difficult to transport, It is used in the production of mold plaster in the industry. Advantages It increases the strength of powder products by reducing the mixing water. Although it reduces the mixing water of powder products, it increases the processability. It does not change the color of powder products. A liquid superplasticizer is obtained easily mixed with water on site. 0.5 - 0.9 kg in order to increase the workability and strength of the mixture, 0.6 -1.5 kg for leveling screeds and precast gypsum elements, It is used at the rate of 0.5-1.5 kg for plaster molds. The dosage of use is determined based on laboratory experiments. Packaging 25 kg polletllen reinforced kraft bag Shelf life It is 24 months from the production date under appropriate storage conditions, in its original packaging. Opened packages must be used within one week under appropriate storage conditions. MELMENT F 10 MELMENT F 10 is a melamine sulphonate based, powder form superplasticizer that is used in the bagged manufacturing of powder products such as cement and plaster. Placeholder BASF-YKS MELMENT F 10 MELMENT F 10 is a melamine sulphonate based, powder form superplasticizer that is used in the bagged manufacturing of powder products such as cement and plaster. Categories: Concrete Additives. Tags: BASF-YKS, concrete. Explanation Product description Usage places In the construction chemicals industry, cement-based powder manufacturing, Construction chemicals industry, gypsum-based powder manufacturing, Where liquid superplasticizer is difficult to transport, It is used in the production of mold plaster in the industry. Advantages It increases the strength of powder products by reducing the mixing water. Although it reduces the mixing water of powder products, it increases the workability. It does not change the colors of powder-form products. A liquid superplasticizer is obtained easily mixed with water on site. Technicial Specifications Structure of the Material Melamine Sulphonate based Color White Density 1.8 - 1.9 kg / liter MELMENT® F 10 Definition MELMENT® F 10, melamine sulphonate based, cement and in the bagged manufacture of powder products such as plaster It is a powder form superplasticizer used. Usage places Cement based in the construction chemicals industry in powder manufacturing, Gypsum-based powder in the construction chemicals industry in manufacturing, Liquid superplasticizer is difficult to transport places, It is used in the production of mold plaster in the industry. Advantages Powder products' strength by reducing the mixing water increases. Although powder products reduce the mixing water It increases its workability. It does not change the colors of powder productions. Liquid can be easily mixed with water at the site. superplasticizer is obtained. Dosage MELMENT® F 10 in 100 kg binder: 0.2 - 0.4 to increase the workability of the mixture at the rate of kg, 0.3 - 0.6 kg to increase the strength of my mixture at the rate of Increasing the workability and strength of my mixture 0.5 - 0.9 kg for For leveling flaps and precast plaster elements At the rate of 0.6 - 1.5 kg, It is used at the rate of 0.5 - 1.5 kg for plaster molds. Usage depending on laboratory experiments waist dosage

Melment F 10 is a chemical compound used as a pharmaceutical excipient in the formulation of tablets and capsules.
Melment F 10 is primarily composed of croscarmellose sodium, which is a cross-linked derivative of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Melment F 10 is commonly used as a disintegrant in pharmaceutical formulations to promote the rapid disintegration of tablets upon ingestion.

CAS Number: 74811-65-7
EC Number: 629-739-2

Synonyms: Croscarmellose sodium, Sodium croscarmellose, Ac-Di-Sol, Primellose, K-Carrageenan, Ac-di-sol, HPC, Methocel, Sodium CMC, E466, Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Carmellose sodium, Croscarmellose, Primellose sodium, Explotab, Ac-di-sol cross-linked, Cellulose gum sodium, Cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, Modified cellulose sodium, Croscarmellose sodium, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose crosslinked, Sodium starch glycolate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel, Ethylcellulose, HPMC, Methylcellulose, Ethyl cellulose, Sodium starch glycolate, CMC, Pectin, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, E466, Sodium CMC, MC, Tylose, Carboxymethylcellulose sodium, Sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, Cellulose gum, Carboxymethyl cellulose, Methyl cellulose, Tylose, Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, Cellulose gum sodium, Polycarboxymethylene, Cellulose carboxymethyl ether, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Modified cellulose, Cellulose gum, Modified cellulose sodium, Sodium cellulose carboxymethyl ether, Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, Cellulose sodium salt, Modified starch, Cross-linked starch, Polycarboxylate starch



APPLICATIONS


Melment F 10 is primarily used as a disintegrant in pharmaceutical formulations.
Melment F 10 is extensively employed in the production of oral solid dosage forms, including tablets and capsules.
Melment F 10 promotes rapid disintegration of tablets upon ingestion, facilitating drug release and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
Melment F 10 is suitable for use in immediate-release, sustained-release, and controlled-release formulations.

Melment F 10 is commonly used in the formulation of generic and branded pharmaceutical products across a wide range of therapeutic categories.
Melment F 10 is compatible with various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients.
Melment F 10 is employed in the formulation of tablets containing poorly soluble drugs to enhance their bioavailability.

Melment F 10 is used in combination with other excipients such as binders, lubricants, and fillers to optimize tablet performance.
The disintegrating efficiency of croscarmellose sodium is influenced by factors such as particle size, degree of cross-linking, and tablet compression force.

Melment F 10 is suitable for use in both direct compression and wet granulation tablet manufacturing processes.
Melment F 10 is often included in orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulations to improve patient compliance, particularly in pediatric and geriatric populations.
Melment F 10 is used in the production of fast-dissolving tablets and orally disintegrating films for rapid onset of action.

Melment F 10 is employed in the development of chewable tablets and effervescent dosage forms for ease of administration.
Melment F 10 is included in tablet formulations intended for patients with dysphagia or difficulty swallowing.
Melment F 10 is utilized in the formulation of herbal supplements, vitamins, and minerals in tablet form.

Melment F 10 is employed in veterinary medicine for the production of tablets and capsules for companion animals and livestock.
Melment F 10 is used in the development of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications for various indications.
Melment F 10 is employed in the formulation of antipyretics, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and cardiovascular drugs.

Melment F 10 is used in the production of allergy medications, cough and cold remedies, and respiratory therapies.
Melment F 10 is employed in the development of psychiatric medications, antidepressants, and anxiolytics.

Melment F 10 is included in formulations of anti-infective agents, antibiotics, and antiviral medications.
Melment F 10 is utilized in the development of hormone therapies, contraceptives, and reproductive health products.

Melment F 10 is employed in the production of dermatological medications, topical creams, and ointments for skin disorders.
Melment F 10 is used in the formulation of combination therapies for the treatment of complex diseases and conditions.
Melment F 10 is a versatile excipient with widespread applications in the pharmaceutical industry, contributing to the development of safe, effective, and patient-friendly dosage forms.

Melment F 10 is utilized in the formulation of pediatric medications such as antipyretics, analgesics, and antibiotics.
Melment F 10 is employed in the production of geriatric medications for elderly patients with specific dosage requirements.

Melment F 10 is used in the development of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements in tablet form.
Melment F 10 is included in formulations of probiotics, prebiotics, and digestive enzymes.

Melment F 10 is employed in the production of weight management supplements and appetite suppressants.
Melment F 10 is utilized in the formulation of sports nutrition products, energy boosters, and performance enhancers.

Melment F 10 is included in formulations of vitamins, minerals, and herbal extracts for health and wellness purposes.
Melment F 10 is employed in the development of personalized medicine and custom-compounded prescriptions.
Melment F 10 is used in the formulation of specialty medications for rare diseases and orphan conditions.

Melment F 10 is included in formulations of biosimilars and generic versions of biologic drugs.
Melment F 10 is employed in the production of targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and gene therapies.
Melment F 10 is utilized in the development of advanced drug delivery systems such as nanotechnology-based formulations.
Melment F 10 is included in formulations of supportive care medications for patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Melment F 10 is employed in the formulation of combination therapies for the treatment of complex diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders.
Melment F 10 is utilized in the development of oral vaccines and immunization products.

Melment F 10 is included in formulations of antidiabetic medications and insulin analogs.
Melment F 10 is employed in the production of medications for chronic conditions such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia.
Melment F 10 is used in the formulation of anti-inflammatory drugs and disease-modifying agents.

Melment F 10 is included in formulations of anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and thrombolytics.
Melment F 10 is utilized in the development of medications for neurological disorders such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease.
Melment F 10 is employed in the production of medications for gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Melment F 10 is included in formulations of antineoplastic agents and supportive care medications for cancer patients.
Melment F 10 is utilized in the development of medications for infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.

Melment F 10 is employed in the production of medications for respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Melment F 10 continues to be a critical component in the formulation of innovative pharmaceutical products aimed at addressing a wide range of medical conditions and therapeutic needs.

Melment F 10 is commonly used in tablet formulations to improve dissolution rates and bioavailability.
Melment F 10 undergoes rapid hydration and swelling upon exposure to aqueous fluids, leading to mechanical disruption of the tablet matrix.
The disintegrating efficiency of croscarmellose sodium is influenced by factors such as particle size and degree of cross-linking.

Melment F 10 is suitable for use in immediate-release, sustained-release, and controlled-release formulations.
Melment F 10 is commonly employed in the production of generic and branded pharmaceutical products.

Melment F 10 is employed in the development of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) for improved patient compliance.
Melment F 10 is used in the formulation of fast-dissolving tablets for rapid onset of action.
Melment F 10 is utilized in the production of chewable tablets for ease of administration.

Melment F 10 is included in formulations of vitamins, minerals, and herbal supplements in tablet form.
Melment F 10 is used in veterinary medicine for the production of tablets and capsules for companion animals and livestock.

Melment F 10 contributes to the uniformity and consistency of tablet disintegration across different manufacturing batches.
The versatility and effectiveness of croscarmellose sodium make it a preferred choice for formulators seeking rapid tablet disintegration.

Melment F 10 undergoes reversible hydration and swelling, allowing for efficient tablet disintegration without compromising tablet hardness.
Melment F 10 plays a crucial role in ensuring the effectiveness, safety, and patient compliance of solid oral dosage forms.
Melment F 10 is a vital pharmaceutical excipient that enhances the performance and functionality of tablets in various drug formulations.



DESCRIPTION


Melment F 10 is a chemical compound used as a pharmaceutical excipient in the formulation of tablets and capsules.
Melment F 10 is primarily composed of croscarmellose sodium, which is a cross-linked derivative of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Melment F 10 is commonly used as a disintegrant in pharmaceutical formulations to promote the rapid disintegration of tablets upon ingestion.
This facilitates the release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

Melment F 10 is highly effective in promoting tablet disintegration and has excellent swelling properties when exposed to water.
Melment F 10 is insoluble in organic solvents but disperses readily in water to form colloidal solutions.
Melment F 10 is chemically stable under normal storage conditions and is derived from natural cellulose sources.

In pharmaceutical formulations, Melment F 10 plays a crucial role in ensuring the efficacy and bioavailability of orally administered drugs by facilitating their rapid disintegration and dissolution in the body.
Melment F 10 is included in the list of inactive ingredients approved by regulatory authorities such as the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for its disintegrating properties.

Melment F 10 is a white to slightly off-white, tasteless, and odorless powder.
Melment F 10 is a cross-linked derivative of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, derived from natural cellulose sources.

Melment F 10 exhibits excellent swelling properties when exposed to water, leading to rapid disintegration of tablets.
Croscarmellose sodium is highly hygroscopic, absorbing moisture from the environment.
Melment F 10 is insoluble in organic solvents but disperses readily in water to form colloidal solutions.

Melment F 10 is chemically stable under normal storage conditions.
Melment F 10 is widely used as a disintegrant in pharmaceutical formulations.

Melment F 10 is included in the list of inactive ingredients approved by regulatory authorities such as the FDA.
The disintegrating action of croscarmellose sodium facilitates drug release and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
Melment F 10 is compatible with a wide range of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: White to slightly off-white, tasteless, odorless powder
Particle Size: Variable, typically in the range of 50-200 micrometers (μm)
Bulk Density: Approximately 0.3-0.6 g/cm³
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting
Solubility: Insoluble in organic solvents; dispersible in water to form colloidal solutions
Hygroscopicity: Highly hygroscopic, absorbs moisture from the atmosphere
pH: Typically neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 6.5-8.5)
Specific Gravity: Approximately 1.0-1.2
Optical Rotation: Not applicable
Surface Area: Variable, depending on particle size and morphology


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: (C6H9Na3O6)nq
Molecular Weight: Variable, depending on polymer chain length and degree of cross-linking
Polymer Type: Sodium salt of cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose
Degree of Substitution: Variable, typically in the range of 0.5-1.0 carboxymethyl groups per glucose unit
Cross-Linking: Cross-linked with divinyl sulfone or other cross-linking agents
Hydrophilicity: Highly hydrophilic, exhibits rapid hydration and swelling in aqueous media
Chemical Stability: Chemically stable under normal storage conditions
Compatibility: Compatible with a wide range of pharmaceutical excipients and active ingredients
Reactivity: Reacts with water to form colloidal dispersions; undergoes reversible hydration and swelling
Hydrolysis: Resistant to hydrolysis under neutral pH conditions; may undergo partial hydrolysis in acidic or alkaline media



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or product label to healthcare professionals.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest until medical help arrives.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash the affected skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.
If the substance gets into clothing, promptly remove the clothing and rinse the affected skin with water.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with lukewarm water, keeping eyelids open, for at least 15 minutes.
Seek immediate medical attention, and continue flushing the eyes while waiting for medical help.
Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable after flushing.
Do not rub the eyes as this may exacerbate irritation or injury.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention, and provide the SDS or product label to healthcare professionals.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including safety goggles or face shield, gloves, and protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection (e.g., NIOSH-approved respirator) if ventilation is inadequate or if there is a risk of inhalation exposure to dust or aerosols.

Ventilation:
Use local exhaust ventilation or ensure adequate general ventilation to control airborne concentrations below recommended exposure limits.
Avoid breathing dust or aerosols generated during handling or processing.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid skin contact and inhalation of dust or aerosols.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling, especially before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where croscarmellose sodium is handled.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In case of a spill or leak, contain the material and prevent further release into the environment.
Avoid creating dust by using vacuum equipment or wet sweeping methods for cleanup.
Dispose of spilled material and contaminated equipment in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store croscarmellose sodium in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Protect from moisture and humidity to prevent clumping or caking of the powder.
Keep away from sources of ignition, heat, and direct sunlight.
Store away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizers or reducing agents.

Handling Precautions:
Use appropriate engineering controls, such as dust extraction systems or containment enclosures, to minimize dust exposure during handling and processing.
Minimize dust generation by handling croscarmellose sodium in a controlled manner and avoiding unnecessary agitation.
Follow good industrial hygiene practices, including regular cleaning of equipment and work areas to minimize dust accumulation.

Emergency Procedures:
Familiarize personnel with emergency procedures, including spill response, first aid measures, and evacuation protocols.
Ensure that spill control materials, personal protective equipment, and emergency eyewash/shower facilities are readily available and accessible in the handling area.

Training and Awareness:
Provide training to personnel handling croscarmellose sodium on the safe handling procedures, potential hazards, and emergency response protocols.
Ensure that all personnel are aware of the proper storage, handling, and disposal practices to minimize risks and prevent accidents.

SYNONYMS (+-)-Menthol; 5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol; (1R,2S,5R)-Menthol; 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-cyclohexanol; Menthyl alcohol; (1 alpha, 2 beta, 5alpha)-5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol; Hexahydrothymol; Menthol; cis-1,3,trans-1,4-menthol; Menthomenthol; p-Menthan-3-ol; Peppermint Camphor; Racementhol; Racemic menthol; Hexahydrothymol; Menthol racemique; Racementholum; rac-Menthol; (1R,2S,5R)-rel- 5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol; dl-Menthol; CAS NO. 89-78-1; 15356-70-4(racementhol), 2216-51-5; 98167-53-4(Levomenthol)

Menthol, Cas : 2216-51-5, EC : 218-690-9, Noms français : (-)-MENTHOL; (1R,3R,4S)-(-)-MENTHOL; (L)-MENTHOL; CYCLOHEXANOL, 5-METHYL-2-(1-METHYLETHYL)-, (1R-(1.ALPHA.,2.BETA.,5.ALPHA.))-; CYCLOHEXANOL, 5-METHYL-2-(1-METHYLETHYL)-, (1R-(1ALPHA,2BETA,5ALPHA))-; L-MENTHOL MENTHOL, (1R,3R,4S)-(-)-. Le menthol est un composé organique covalent obtenu soit par synthèse, soit par extraction à partir de l'huile essentielle de menthe poivrée ou d'autres huiles essentielles de menthe. Le stéréoisomère le plus courant du menthol est le (–)-menthol, de configuration (1R,2S,5R). Il appartient à la famille des monoterpénols. À température ambiante (20 à 25 °C), il se trouve sous forme de cristaux, d'une couleur blanc cireux. Il fond si l'on augmente légèrement la température. Le menthol a des propriétés anti-inflammatoires et antivirales. Il est d'ailleurs utilisé pour soulager les irritations mineures de la gorge. C'est également un anesthésique local.Le menthol est inclus dans nombre de produits différents pour plusieurs raisons comme : soulagement à court terme de la gorge endolorie et de l'irritation mineure de la bouche ou de la gorge (bains de bouche par exemple) ; antipruritique, pour réduire les démangeaisons ; anesthésique local pour soulager des maux et douleurs mineures telles que des crampes musculaires, entorses, migraines. Il peut être utilisé seul ou combiné à du piment ou du camphre. En Europe, il est plutôt utilisé en gel ou en crème ; décongestionnant pour les voies respiratoires et les sinus ; pesticide contre les acariens (acaricide) ; dans certains médicaments traitant les brûlures mineures, il produit une sensation de froid (souvent utilisés en application locale, en association avec l'aloès) ; additif dans certaines cigarettes, comme saveur, pour réduire l'âcreté, favoriser l'inhalation profonde de la fumée et augmenter l'addiction9 ; additif dans certaines saveurs de liquides pour cigarettes électroniques ; comme désinfectant pour l'hygiène orale, ou remède contre la mauvaise haleine, comme collutoire, dans les pâtes dentifrices, et plus généralement comme agent de saveur pour les chewing-gums et les sucreries ; dans les sodas, aussi bien mélangé avec de l'eau pour obtenir une boisson à très faible teneur en alcool, comme dans le Ricqlès (on fait ici référence à la boisson, et non à l'alcool de menthe de la même marque) ; en versant quelques gouttes d'alcool de menthe sur un morceau de sucre pour soulager la nausée ; pour préparer des esters menthylés afin d'agrémenter des notes florales en parfumerie ; en patchs pour faire tomber la fièvre ou obtenir une sensation de froid (très développé au Japon) ; additif à certains produits de beauté (produits coiffants par exemple). Les défenseurs de l'homéopathie pensent que le menthol interfère avec les produits homéopathiques. Son utilisation est fortement déconseillée en association avec ceux-ci, au point de proscrire les dentifrices à base de menthol. Le menthol peut être utilisé en aromathérapie sous forme d'huile essentielle de menthe poivrée (médecine naturelle), l'indigestion, la nausée, les maux de gorge, la diarrhée, les maux de tête et les refroidissements (médecine orientale).

Cyclohexanol, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl; Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-, (1R,2S,5R)-rel-; 3-p-Menthanol; (1R, 2S, 5R)-rel-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-cyclohexan ol; [1alpha,2beta,5alpha]-5-Methyl-2-isopropylcyc lohexanol; Hexahydrothymol; menthol racemic cas:89-78-1

Mequinol, also known as 4-methoxyphenol, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C7H8O2.
Mequinol is an aromatic compound and a derivative of phenol where a methyl group is substituted by a methoxy group.
The chemical structure of mequinol consists of a benzene ring (phenol ring) with a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a methoxy group (-OCH3) attached to it.

CAS Number: 150-76-5
EC Number: 205-769-8

1, 4-Methoxyphenol, Hydroquinone monomethyl ether, 1-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzene, P-Methoxyphenol, 4-Methoxyphenolate, Monomethyl hydroquinone, Mequinol, Methoxyphenol, Monomethylhydroquinone, 4-Methoxy-1-hydroxybenzene, Quinol, 4-Methoxy-1-benzenediol, Monomethyl hydroxybenzene, Benzenediol, 4-methoxy-, p-Oxyanisole, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-methoxybenzene, 4-Methoxybenzene-1,2-diol, Mequinoli, p-Methoxybenzeneol, p-Oxyanisol, Monomethylhydroxybenzol, NSC 15381, Phenol, 4-methoxy-, p-Methoxybenzenol, FEMA 1437, AI3-00093, BRN 0802958, Caswell No. 593C, FEMA No. 1437, NSC 684250, HSDB 1090, CHEBI:147430, HSDB 6165, p-Methoxybenzenol, Mechinol, Mequitol, 4-Hydroxyanisole, 1-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzene (Mequinol), Benzenediol, 4-methoxy (9CI), Hydroquinone, monomethyl-, Monomethyl ether hydroquinone, Hydroquinone methyl ether, Methyl hydroquinone, Mequinol (ACGIH), 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-methoxybenzene (Mequinol), UNII-1G4N9R7SSV, 4-Methoxybenzene-1,2-diol (Mequinol), 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methoxy-, Benzene, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-, EINECS 205-769-2, Methyl p-hydroxyphenyl ether, Methoxyhydroquinone, Methoxyquinol, Quinol Mequinol, Quinone, Mequinole, 4-Methoxy-1,2-benzenediol, 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-methoxy-, 4-Methoxybenzenediol, 4-Methoxybenzene-1,2-diol (Mequinol).



APPLICATIONS


Mequinol is widely used in cosmetic formulations for its skin-lightening properties.
In skincare products, Mequinol serves as a key ingredient to address hyperpigmentation and uneven skin tone.
Cosmetic creams and lotions containing Mequinol aim to reduce the appearance of dark spots and melasma.

Mequinol is employed in dermatology for treating conditions related to abnormal skin pigmentation.
Mequinol is a common component in formulations targeting age spots, sun spots, and freckles.
Mequinol-based products are designed to inhibit melanin production, providing a brightening effect on the skin.

Mequinol is often found in skincare serums and treatments dedicated to promoting a more uniform complexion.
Mequinol's applications extend to the treatment of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation resulting from skin injuries.

Certain medical treatments may incorporate Mequinol to address specific dermatological concerns.
Mequinol-containing formulations may be recommended for individuals with conditions like chloasma or pregnancy-related hyperpigmentation.
In addition to cosmetic uses, Mequinol finds applications in pharmaceutical preparations for dermatological treatments.
Mequinol's effectiveness in inhibiting melanin synthesis makes it valuable in formulations for skin brightening.

Mequinol's application in skincare extends to addressing dark spots caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Dermatologists may recommend Mequinol-containing products for patients seeking solutions for skin discolorations.
Mequinol's utility lies in its ability to provide a targeted approach to even out skin tone.

Mequinol may be present in over-the-counter products as well as prescription-based skincare treatments.
Its applications are not limited to facial skincare; Mequinol is used in formulations for various body areas.
Mequinol's use in skincare formulations requires consideration of its stability and compatibility with other ingredients.

Formulations containing Mequinol are subject to regulatory guidelines to ensure their safety in cosmetic and medical use.
Mequinol's applications in skincare align with the growing demand for products addressing pigmentation concerns.
Cosmetic companies often incorporate Mequinol into serums and creams promoting luminosity and radiance.
Mequinol's role in skincare aligns with the broader trend of addressing specific skin concerns with targeted ingredients.

Mequinol-based treatments are considered by individuals seeking solutions for persistent skin discolorations.
Mequinol's applications emphasize its potential to enhance the overall appearance and clarity of the skin.
The use of Mequinol in skincare underscores its significance in formulations dedicated to achieving a more even and radiant complexion.

Mequinol is often included in formulations for cosmetic products designed to address hyperpigmentation caused by various factors.
Dermatologists may recommend Mequinol-containing treatments for patients dealing with skin conditions such as lentigines or liver spots.
Mequinol's utility in reducing the appearance of age-related skin discolorations makes it a sought-after ingredient in anti-aging skincare.

Mequinol's applications extend to skincare regimes targeting dark spots resulting from hormonal changes, such as those during pregnancy.
Certain therapeutic creams and ointments formulated for specific dermatological conditions may include Mequinol as a key component.
Products containing Mequinol are utilized in the treatment of photoaging, addressing skin damage caused by prolonged sun exposure.

Mequinol-based formulations are designed to promote a more youthful and uniform skin tone over time.
In addition to creams and lotions, Mequinol is incorporated into serums, ensuring diverse application methods for consumers.
Mequinol's role in skincare aligns with the growing demand for personalized solutions catering to individual skin concerns.
Mequinol is included in skincare lines focused on providing solutions for stubborn discolorations that affect overall skin clarity.

Mequinol's applications are observed in professional skincare treatments offered by dermatologists and estheticians.
Mequinol's inclusion in skincare regimens highlights its effectiveness in promoting a brighter and more luminous complexion.
Mequinol-containing products may be recommended for individuals with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation resulting from acne or wounds.
In the field of dermatology, Mequinol plays a significant role in customized treatment plans for patients dealing with pigmentary disorders.

Formulations with Mequinol aim to provide a targeted approach to address specific areas of concern on the face and body.
Mequinol's applications are evident in the formulation of spot treatments designed for precise application on darkened areas.
Skincare routines featuring Mequinol are part of the broader trend of incorporating science-backed ingredients for visible skin improvements.
Mequinol's presence in skincare aligns with the evolving consumer preferences for products with proven efficacy in addressing pigmentation issues.
Mequinol may be utilized in combination with other active ingredients to enhance its overall effectiveness in skincare formulations.

Mequinol-based skincare may be recommended for individuals with persistent discolorations that have not responded to other treatments.
Mequinol's role in skincare emphasizes its contribution to enhancing the overall radiance and evenness of the skin.
Mequinol is used in formulations aimed at revitalizing dull and uneven skin, contributing to a more youthful appearance.
Skincare products featuring Mequinol often undergo rigorous testing to ensure safety and efficacy for diverse skin types.

Mequinol's applications showcase its versatility in various formulations, accommodating different preferences and routines.
Mequinol's inclusion in skincare products reflects ongoing advancements in addressing specific skin concerns and providing tailored solutions.

Mequinol is employed in skincare routines targeting hyperpigmentation caused by sun exposure and environmental factors.
Its applications extend to formulations addressing discolorations associated with aging, promoting a more youthful complexion.
Dermatologists may recommend Mequinol-based treatments for individuals seeking non-invasive solutions for pigmentation concerns.

Mequinol is used in specialized skincare products designed for precise application on localized dark spots.
Mequinol-containing formulations are part of the evolving landscape of advanced skincare for specific skin tone correction.

Products with Mequinol cater to individuals with persistent skin discolorations resistant to conventional treatments.
Mequinol's applications include use in targeted treatments for reducing the appearance of freckles and sun-induced pigmentation.
Mequinol plays a role in skincare innovations addressing uneven skin tone, contributing to a more radiant and uniform complexion.

Mequinol is featured in formulations designed to promote skin clarity and diminish the contrast between dark spots and surrounding skin.
Its presence in skincare aligns with a consumer preference for ingredients backed by scientific research in addressing skin concerns.

Mequinol-based products may be recommended for individuals with skin discolorations caused by hormonal changes, such as those during menopause.
In clinical settings, Mequinol is utilized as part of customized treatment plans for patients with complex pigmentary disorders.
Mequinol's applications are observed in skincare regimes dedicated to improving overall skin texture and luminosity.

Mequinol's role in skincare formulations underscores its potential to contribute to the reduction of stubborn pigmentation issues.
Mequinol is used in the formulation of day and night creams, providing continuous and targeted benefits for improving skin tone.

Mequinol-containing products may be suitable for individuals seeking non-ablative approaches to address melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Mequinol is incorporated into skincare lines that focus on comprehensive solutions for achieving a balanced and harmonious skin tone.
Mequinol's applications are reflected in its ability to enhance the efficacy of other brightening and clarifying ingredients in skincare formulations.

Skincare products with Mequinol are designed to meet the demand for solutions targeting specific concerns without compromising overall skin health.
Mequinol is used in skincare formulations intended to provide a subtle brightening effect, promoting a natural and healthy-looking complexion.
Mequinol-based treatments may be suggested for individuals with concerns about uneven pigmentation on the face, neck, and décolletage.

Mequinol's role in skincare aligns with advancements in cosmetic science, offering targeted solutions for various skin challenges.
Mequinol-containing products emphasize the importance of consistent and prolonged use for optimal results in addressing pigmentation issues.
Its applications showcase its versatility in catering to a broad spectrum of skin types and ethnicities with diverse pigmentation concerns.
Mequinol's presence in skincare formulations contributes to the ongoing dialogue on inclusivity and personalized solutions for individualized skin needs.

Mequinol is integral to skincare formulations designed to target specific areas of discoloration, providing localized treatment.
Its applications extend to night creams, harnessing the overnight renewal process to address uneven skin tone.
Mequinol-containing products may be included in brightening skincare routines to enhance overall luminosity.

Dermatologists may incorporate Mequinol in personalized treatment plans for patients dealing with complex pigmentation issues.
Mequinol-based formulations play a role in addressing the effects of environmental stressors on skin pigmentation.

Mequinol is featured in serums that deliver concentrated doses of the compound for intense treatment of dark spots.
Mequinol is utilized in skincare innovations targeting not only visible discolorations but also underlying melanin production.

Products with Mequinol may be recommended for individuals with concerns about hyperpigmentation due to genetic factors.
Its presence in targeted spot treatments allows for precise application on specific areas of concern.
Mequinol's applications align with the demand for products that contribute to a more even and radiant complexion.
In formulations for mature skin, Mequinol serves to diminish the appearance of age-related pigmentation changes.

Mequinol-containing creams may be part of comprehensive anti-aging regimens, addressing both texture and tone.
Mequinol is incorporated into skincare products that emphasize long-term benefits for sustained improvement.
Mequinol's applications include use in formulations for body care, extending its benefits beyond facial skincare.

Mequinol is used in daytime moisturizers, contributing to skin protection while addressing pigmentation concerns.
Mequinol's role in skincare formulations highlights its potential to boost overall skin confidence and well-being.
Mequinol's applications are observed in formulations aimed at preventing new discolorations from forming.

Mequinol is utilized in brightening masks, offering an intensive treatment for a more uniform skin tone.
Skincare lines featuring Mequinol cater to individuals seeking solutions for a holistic approach to skin health.
Mequinol-containing products may be recommended for those dealing with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation from skin trauma.

Mequinol's applications extend to formulations that promote resilience against factors contributing to uneven pigmentation.
Mequinol's presence in skincare aligns with the trend of addressing lifestyle-related factors affecting skin tone.
In formulations for sensitive skin, Mequinol is used judiciously to ensure compatibility and minimal risk of irritation.

Mequinol's applications underscore its versatility, adapting to various product types and formulations.
Its role in skincare aligns with evolving consumer expectations for products that deliver visible and lasting improvements in skin tone and texture.



DESCRIPTION


Mequinol, also known as 4-methoxyphenol, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C7H8O2.
Mequinol is an aromatic compound and a derivative of phenol where a methyl group is substituted by a methoxy group.
The chemical structure of mequinol consists of a benzene ring (phenol ring) with a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a methoxy group (-OCH3) attached to it.

Mequinol, also known as 4-methoxyphenol, is a chemical compound with a distinct aromatic nature.
Mequinol features a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group and a methoxy group, imparting unique chemical properties.
Mequinol is recognized for its role as a skin-lightening agent used in cosmetic formulations.
Mequinol is a white to light brown crystalline solid with a characteristic odor.

Mequinol has a molecular formula of C7H8O2, reflecting its composition of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
Mequinol is derived from phenol, where a methyl group is substituted by a methoxy group.
The hydroxyl and methoxy groups in Mequinol contribute to its reactivity and solubility in various solvents.

Mequinol is commonly used to treat skin conditions, such as hyperpigmentation and melasma.
In cosmetic products, it acts as a melanin inhibitor, helping to lighten skin tone.
The IUPAC name for Mequinol is 4-Methoxyphenol, describing its chemical structure systematically.
Mequinol exhibits antioxidant properties, contributing to its stability in formulations.

Its chemical structure includes a methoxy group (-OCH3) attached to the aromatic ring, enhancing its biological activities.
Mequinol is known for its ability to interfere with the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin coloration.
As a skincare ingredient, Mequinol is often found in creams, lotions, and serums targeting uneven skin tone.

Mequinol is characterized by its solubility in both hot and cold water, making it versatile in cosmetic formulations.
Mequinol's skin-lightening effects are attributed to its impact on the enzyme tyrosinase involved in melanin synthesis.
Mequinol is crucial to use Mequinol-containing products judiciously, following recommended concentrations for safe application.
Mequinol formulations are subject to regulatory guidelines to ensure their safety and efficacy in cosmetic use.

This compound is valued for its hypoallergenic nature, making it suitable for various skincare applications.
Mequinol's use in dermatology extends to the treatment of skin discolorations caused by various factors.
In addition to skincare, Mequinol finds applications in certain industrial processes due to its chemical properties.

Mequinol's molecular structure can be represented as a phenolic ring with substituent groups influencing its biological effects.
When incorporated into cosmetic products, Mequinol aims to provide even skin tone and reduce the appearance of dark spots.
Mequinol's presence in skincare formulations requires careful consideration of its compatibility with other ingredients.
As with any active ingredient, the use of Mequinol in cosmetics should adhere to recommended guidelines and safety standards.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Name: Mequinol
Chemical Formula: C7H8O2
Molecular Weight: Approximately 124.14 g/mol
CAS Number: 150-76-5
Melting Point: Approximately 163-165°C
Boiling Point: Data not available
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Solubility: Soluble in alcohol and ether, slightly soluble in water.
Odor: Odorless
Density: Data not available
Flash Point: Data not available
Stability: Stable under normal conditions of use and storage.
pH: Data not available
Hygroscopicity: Not reported to be hygroscopic.
Vapor Pressure: Data not available
Refractive Index: Data not available
Surface Tension: Data not available
Viscosity: Data not available
Flammability: Not considered highly flammable.
Toxicity: The compound may cause skin irritation in some individuals; proper handling precautions are recommended.
Biodegradability: Data not available



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected area with plenty of water and mild soap.
Seek medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Rinse eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.


General First Aid:

If a person shows signs of distress or exhibits symptoms after exposure, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide medical personnel with information on the product and its ingredients.


Notes to Physician:

Treat symptomatically and supportively.
Consider the possible presence of other chemicals if exposure is from a mixture.


Extinguishing Media:

Use extinguishing media suitable for the surrounding fire.
Do not use water directly on the fire.


Fire Fighting:

Wear appropriate protective equipment, including self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective gear.
Evacuate the area if the fire is not controllable.


Accidental Release Measures:

Evacuate the affected area and restrict access.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
Absorb spills with inert materials and place in a suitable container for disposal.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear suitable protective clothing, including gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat, to prevent skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection if handling the compound in an area with inadequate ventilation.

Engineering Controls:
Use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations, especially in confined spaces.
Ensure adequate general ventilation in the work area.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling Mequinol.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where Mequinol is handled.
Avoid touching the face, especially the eyes, nose, and mouth, during and after handling.

Avoidance of Conditions:
Avoid contact with incompatible materials, such as strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.
Prevent the formation of dust, vapors, or aerosols during handling.

Storage Compatibility:
Store Mequinol away from incompatible materials in a dedicated storage area.
Keep away from sources of heat, open flames, and direct sunlight.

Handling Procedures:
Use non-sparking tools and equipment to handle Mequinol.
Avoid generating dust and aerosols during handling.

Emergency Procedures:
Be familiar with emergency procedures, including evacuation routes and the location of emergency equipment.
Have access to emergency eyewash stations and safety showers in the vicinity.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Mequinol in a cool, dry place, away from heat sources and direct sunlight.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.

Temperature Control:
Ensure storage temperatures are within the recommended range to maintain stability.
Avoid extreme temperatures that may lead to degradation.

Ventilation:
Store Mequinol in a well-ventilated area to prevent the buildup of vapors.
Ensure adequate ventilation in storage rooms and cabinets.

Segregation:
Segregate Mequinol from incompatible materials to prevent chemical reactions.
Clearly label storage areas with appropriate hazard warnings.

Control of Conditions:
Implement measures to prevent spills and leaks, and provide containment for potential releases.
Store Mequinol away from strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas to authorized personnel only.
Comply with local regulations regarding the secure storage of hazardous materials.

Inventory Control:
Keep an accurate inventory of Mequinol, noting quantities, dates of receipt, and usage.
Rotate stock to use older material first (FIFO principle).

Monitoring and Inspection:
Regularly inspect containers for signs of damage, leaks, or deterioration.
Monitor storage conditions to ensure compliance with recommended guidelines.

Mercapto ethanol, also known as 2-Mercapto ethanol or β-Mercapto ethanol, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H6OS.
Mercapto ethanol is classified as a thiol or mercaptan due to the presence of a sulfhydryl (-SH) group in its chemical structure.
Mercapto ethanol has a strong and distinctive odor.
Mercapto ethanol, also known as 2-Mercapto ethanol or β-Mercapto ethanol, is a chemical compound with a unique sulfur-containing structure.

CAS Number: 60-24-2



APPLICATIONS


Mercapto ethanol is widely used in molecular biology and biochemistry laboratories as a reducing agent to break disulfide bonds in proteins.
Mercapto ethanol is an essential component in sample buffers for gel electrophoresis, allowing the separation of proteins and nucleic acids in polyacrylamide or agarose gels.
In Western blotting, Mercapto ethanol helps denature and reduce proteins, making them suitable for detection with specific antibodies.
Mercapto ethanol is employed in protein purification techniques to maintain a reduced environment and prevent protein aggregation.
In cell culture, Mercapto ethanol is added to the medium to create a reducing atmosphere that protects cells from oxidative stress.

Mercapto ethanol plays a vital role in maintaining the integrity and function of enzymes and proteins used in enzymatic assays and studies.
Mercapto ethanol is used in the extraction and isolation of RNA and DNA from biological samples.

Mercapto ethanol is a common reagent for RNA denaturation in Northern blotting procedures.
Mercapto ethanol finds applications in the creation of protein and enzyme solutions for research and diagnostics.
Mercapto ethanol is used to reduce and cleave disulfide bonds in antibodies for improved antigen recognition in immunoassays.

In the pharmaceutical industry, Mercapto ethanol may be utilized for the stabilization and reduction of certain drug compounds.
Mercapto ethanol is employed as a reducing agent in the synthesis of various organic chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Mercapto ethanol is valuable in chemical reactions requiring the reduction of carbonyl compounds to alcohols.

In the oil and gas industry, it is used as a scavenger for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to prevent corrosion and souring of crude oil.
Mercapto ethanol serves as a stabilizing agent for certain formulations in the cosmetics and personal care industry.
Mercapto ethanol is employed in the flavor and fragrance industry for its distinct sulfur-based odor profile.
Mercapto ethanol finds use in the creation of specific fragrances and perfumes, contributing to unique scent profiles.

In agriculture, it may be used as a growth regulator and foliar spray in some formulations.
Mercapto ethanol is an important component in the production of specialty chemicals, including dyes and polymers.

In the food industry, it may be used as an antioxidant to preserve the quality of certain food products.
Mercapto ethanol is utilized in the preparation of samples for analytical techniques like mass spectrometry and chromatography.
Mercapto ethanol may serve as a reducing agent in the restoration and conservation of cultural heritage artifacts.
Mercapto ethanol is used in the development of certain adhesives and sealants for industrial and construction applications.

Mercapto ethanol plays a role in the manufacture of specialty coatings and paints for specific applications.
Its versatile reducing properties and applications extend across various scientific, industrial, and research fields, making it a valuable chemical in laboratory and industrial settings.

In the textile industry, Mercapto ethanol is used as a softening agent for fabrics, improving their feel and texture.
Mercapto ethanol serves as a key ingredient in the formulation of certain inkjet printing inks, enhancing color dispersion and print quality.
Mercapto ethanol is employed as a component in industrial paints and coatings, contributing to their adhesion and durability.

Mercapto ethanol plays a role in the production of oilfield chemicals, aiding in processes such as drilling, well stimulation, and oil recovery.
In the pulp and paper industry, it is added to paper coatings to enhance printability and smoothness.
Mercapto ethanol is used in the development of leather treatments and finishes, improving leather quality and appearance.

Mercapto ethanol finds applications in the formulation of adhesive tapes, ensuring strong adhesion to various surfaces.
In electronics manufacturing, it acts as a wetting agent, facilitating soldering and assembly processes.

The food industry utilizes Mercapto ethanol as a processing aid, enhancing the texture and consistency of food products.
In the construction industry, it is used as a concrete release agent to prevent sticking in molds and formwork.
Mercapto ethanol serves as a component in industrial solvents and degreasers for effective cleaning and degreasing applications.

Mercapto ethanol is employed in the production of rust and corrosion inhibitors for metal protection.
In the automotive industry, Mercapto ethanol is added to coolant and antifreeze formulations to prevent corrosion and scale buildup.
Mercapto ethanol is used in ceramic glazes, improving their flow and adhesion to pottery surfaces.

Mercapto ethanol contributes to the formulation of automotive waxes and polishes, enhancing the shine and protection of vehicle finishes.
Mercapto ethanol is utilized in the development of metalworking fluids, improving cutting and machining processes.
Mercapto ethanol is added to rubber tire manufacturing to enhance tire durability and resistance to wear.

In the production of concrete curing compounds, it aids in the proper hydration of concrete surfaces.
Mercapto ethanol is employed as a flotation agent in mineral processing to separate valuable minerals from waste.
Mercapto ethanol serves as a component in asphalt sealants, enhancing their adhesive properties and longevity.

Mercapto ethanol is utilized in the manufacturing of rubber and plastic products, improving processing characteristics and performance.
In the cosmetics industry, it may be used in the formulation of hair and skin care products for various purposes.
Mercapto ethanol plays a role in the creation of specialized lubricants and grease formulations for industrial machinery.

Mercapto ethanol is used in the development of wood preservatives to protect wood against decay and pests.
Mercapto ethanol contributes to the formulation of sludge inhibitors, which are used to control sludge formation in various industrial processes.

In the photography industry, Mercapto ethanol is utilized in developing solutions to reduce silver ions, aiding in the formation of photographic images.
Mercapto ethanol is employed as a reagent in the creation of pharmaceutical intermediates and active ingredients.
Mercapto ethanol serves as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling water systems, protecting metal components from rust and scale formation.

In the manufacturing of detergents and cleaning products, it acts as a stabilizing agent and surfactant.
Mercapto ethanol finds use in the formulation of specialty lubricants for machinery and automotive applications.

Mercapto ethanol is added to air fresheners and deodorizers to mask or neutralize undesirable odors.
Mercapto ethanol is used in the creation of biocides and germicides for disinfection and microbial control.
In the agricultural sector, Mercapto ethanol may be employed as a plant growth regulator.
Mercapto ethanol contributes to the formulation of ink removers and correction fluids, assisting in the removal of ink stains.

Mercapto ethanol is used in the creation of fluxes for soldering and brazing operations.
Mercapto ethanol serves as a reducing agent in the purification of metal ores and minerals.

In the production of rubber goods, it improves the processing characteristics and quality of rubber compounds.
The textile and garment industry uses it in dyeing processes to achieve desired color fastness.
Mercapto ethanol is employed as a stabilizer in the production of hydrogen peroxide.
Mercapto ethanol contributes to the formulation of hair dyes and hair care products, enhancing color retention and manageability.

Mercapto ethanol is used in the manufacturing of specialty chemicals for water treatment.
Mercapto ethanol serves as an antioxidant in the preservation of cosmetics and personal care products.
In the construction industry, it aids in the curing of concrete and mortar to achieve optimal strength and durability.

Mercapto ethanol plays a role in the synthesis of pharmaceutical excipients and drug delivery systems.
Mercapto ethanol is utilized in the creation of lubricating oils and greases for various industrial and automotive applications.
Mercapto ethanol may be added to the formulation of inkjet printer inks to prevent nozzle clogging.
In the woodworking industry, it is used as a wood conditioner to improve stain absorption and finish adhesion.
Mercapto ethanol contributes to the creation of specialty adhesives and sealants for specific bonding requirements.

Mercapto ethanol is employed in the manufacturing of specialty polymers and plastics.
Mercapto ethanol finds applications in the development of specialty chemicals for the petroleum and petrochemical industries.



DESCRIPTION


Mercapto ethanol, also known as 2-Mercapto ethanol or β-Mercapto ethanol, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H6OS.
Mercapto ethanol is classified as a thiol or mercaptan due to the presence of a sulfhydryl (-SH) group in its chemical structure.
Mercapto ethanol has a strong and distinctive odor.

Mercapto ethanol, also known as 2-Mercapto ethanol or β-Mercapto ethanol, is a chemical compound with a unique sulfur-containing structure.
Mercapto ethanol is classified as a thiol due to the presence of a sulfhydryl (-SH) group in its molecular structure.
Mercapto ethanol has a strong and pungent odor, often described as unpleasant and reminiscent of rotten eggs.
Its molecular formula is C2H6OS, and it has a molar mass of approximately 78.13 grams per mole.

The chemical is colorless and typically appears as a clear, odoriferous liquid.
Mercapto ethanol is miscible with water, meaning it can be easily mixed with water in various proportions.

Mercapto ethanol is highly reactive due to the presence of the thiol group, which can undergo oxidation and reduction reactions.
Mercapto ethanol is commonly used in biological and biochemical research as a reducing agent to break disulfide bonds in proteins.

In cell culture, Mercapto ethanol is added to maintain a reducing environment that helps protect cells from oxidative damage.
Mercapto ethanol plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and function of proteins in various laboratory applications.
Mercapto ethanol is known for its ability to denature enzymes, making it useful for inactivating unwanted enzymes in experimental procedures.

In chemical synthesis, it serves as a reducing agent in various organic reactions, contributing to the creation of specific chemical compounds.
Due to its strong odor, Mercapto ethanol is often handled with caution and in well-ventilated areas.
Mercapto ethanol has a low boiling point, and its vapors can be harmful when inhaled in high concentrations.
Mercapto ethanol is an essential reagent in many molecular biology techniques, such as gel electrophoresis and Western blotting.

Mercapto ethanol is used in the purification and analysis of nucleic acids and proteins.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Mercapto ethanol may be employed for the stabilization and reduction of certain drug compounds.
Mercapto ethanol's reducing properties make it valuable for maintaining a reduced environment in various chemical reactions.

Mercapto ethanol can be used as a scavenger for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals.
In diagnostic tests, Mercapto ethanol may be used as a reagent or stabilizing agent in specific assay procedures.

Mercapto ethanol is not only used in laboratories but also has industrial applications, including odor control and corrosion inhibition.
In the oil and gas industry, it is utilized for hydrogen sulfide scavenging and as a chemical additive.
Mercapto ethanol may find applications in the creation of specific flavors and fragrances due to its strong odor.

While its pungent smell can be unpleasant, it is precisely this characteristic that makes it useful in odor control applications.
When working with Mercapto ethanol, proper safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment and adequate ventilation, are essential due to its strong odor and reactivity.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C2H6OS
Molecular Weight: Approximately 78.13 grams per mole


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Strong and pungent, reminiscent of rotten eggs
Boiling Point: Approximately 155-157°C (311-315°F)
Melting Point: Approximately -10°C (14°F)
Density: Approximately 1.114 g/cm³ at 20°C (68°F)
Solubility: Miscible with water and many organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Flash Point: Greater than 93°C (199°F)
pH: Neutral (pH 7 in water)
Refractive Index: Approximately 1.502 at 20°C (68°F)


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Classification: Thiol or mercaptan
Functional Group: Sulfhydryl (-SH)
Redox Activity: Strong reducing agent
Reactivity: Highly reactive due to the presence of thiol group
Hygroscopicity: Slightly hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air)
Volatile: Evaporates readily at elevated temperatures
Flammability: Non-flammable, but may release toxic fumes when heated



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Mercapto ethanol fumes are inhaled and respiratory discomfort occurs, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide artificial respiration if the individual stops breathing and is trained personnel or under the guidance of a healthcare professional.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with Mercapto ethanol, promptly remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin thoroughly with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes to remove any traces of the chemical.
Seek medical attention if skin irritation, redness, or other adverse reactions occur.
If skin irritation persists, apply a mild, non-alcoholic moisturizer or skin-soothing cream.


Eye Contact:

If Mercapto ethanol comes into contact with the eyes, immediately rinse the affected eye(s) gently with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. Hold the eyelids open while rinsing to ensure thorough flushing.
Contact lenses should be removed if present and easy to do so.
Seek immediate medical attention for eye irritation, redness, or discomfort.
Do not rub the eyes, as this may exacerbate irritation.


Ingestion:

If Mercapto ethanol is ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical professionals.
Rinse the mouth with water to remove any remaining chemical.
Seek immediate medical attention, and provide as much information as possible about the ingested quantity and circumstances.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or a face shield, a lab coat or protective clothing, and closed-toe shoes, when handling Mercapto ethanol.
Use a laboratory fume hood or work in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure.

Avoid Skin and Eye Contact:
Avoid direct skin and eye contact with Mercapto ethanol.
In case of accidental contact, promptly follow the first aid measures provided and remove contaminated clothing.

Odor Control:
Due to its strong odor, handle Mercapto ethanol in areas with proper ventilation or exhaust systems.
The strong odor can be unpleasant and may require additional measures to control.

Labeling:
Ensure that containers holding Mercapto ethanol are clearly labeled with the chemical name, hazard symbols, and appropriate warnings.
Labeling helps prevent accidental exposure and confusion.

No Food or Drink:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with Mercapto ethanol.
Contamination of food or beverages with this chemical can have health risks.

Avoid Mixing:
Do not mix Mercapto ethanol with strong acids, strong bases, or oxidizing agents, as this can lead to hazardous reactions.
Ensure that containers and equipment are free of any incompatible substances.

Spills and Leaks:
In the event of a spill, follow appropriate spill response procedures.
Absorb and neutralize small spills with an appropriate absorbent material, such as vermiculite or diatomaceous earth, and dispose of it as hazardous waste.


Storage:

Container Selection:
Store Mercapto ethanol in containers made of chemically resistant materials, such as glass or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
Ensure that containers are tightly sealed to prevent vapor release.

Location:
Store Mercapto ethanol in a well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizing agents.
Segregate it from substances that can react with or degrade it.

Temperature:
Keep the storage area at a temperature range that prevents excessive heat or cold, as extreme temperatures can affect the stability of the chemical.

Light Protection:
Protect containers from direct sunlight or sources of ultraviolet (UV) light, as exposure to UV radiation can cause degradation.

Flammables:
Keep Mercapto ethanol away from open flames, sparks, or other sources of ignition, as it is non-flammable but can release toxic fumes when heated.

Secure Storage:
Store containers in a stable position to prevent tipping or falling.
Ensure that the storage area is well-organized to prevent accidents and facilitate inventory control.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS):
Maintain access to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for Mercapto ethanol in the storage area.
The SDS provides important safety and handling information.

First Aid Equipment:
Keep an eye wash station and emergency shower nearby in case of accidental exposure.



SYNONYMS


2-Mercapto ethanol
β-Mercapto ethanol
2-Hydroxyethanethiol
Ethyl mercaptan
2-Mercaptoethyl alcohol
β-ME
β-Thioethanol
Thioethyl alcohol
Thioglycol
2-Sulfanylethanol
2-Thioethanol
2-Hydroxyethyl mercaptan
Ethylthiol
Ethylene mercaptan
HSCH2CH2OH
β-Hydroxyethyl mercaptan
Mercaptoethyl alcohol
β-Hydroxyethanethiol
Ethanol, 2-mercapto-
β-Monothioglycerol
2-Thioethyl alcohol
2-Thio-1-ethanol
2-Mercapto-1-ethanol
2-Mercaptoethyl hydroxide
Thiohydroxyethyl ether
2-Hydroxyethyl mercaptan
2-Mercaptoethyl hydroxide
2-Mercaptoethylthiol
2-Mercapto-1-ethanol
β-Thiopropionic alcohol
2-Thio-1-ethanol
2-Mercapto ethanolamine
Thioethylene glycol
2-Sulfanyl ethanol
2-Mercaptoethylamine
2-Mercaptoethyl ether
Hydroxyethylthiol
2-Mercaptoethyl alcoholamine
β-Thioethyl hydroxide
2-Sulfur ethanol
Thioethylene alcohol
β-Monothioglycerin
Ethylene sulfhydrate
2-Hydroxyethylthiol
β-Sulfanyl ethanol
HSCH2CH2OH
Ethylthiol alcohol
2-Mercapto ethanol ether
2-Sulfanyl ethyl alcohol

Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is the organic compound HSCH2CO2H .
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) contains both a thiol (mercaptan) and a carboxylic acid.


CAS nUMBER: 68-11-1
EC Number: 200-677-4
MDL Number: MFCD00004876
Linear Formula: HSCH2COOH
Molecular Formula: C2H4O2S



Thiovanic acid, sulfanylacetate, Thioglycolic acid, 2-mercaptoacetate, 2-thioglycolicacid, Thioglycollic acid, 2-thio-glycolicaci, Thioglypollic Acid,
Mercaptoacetic acid, 2-Thioglycolic acid, acidethioglycolique, Acide thioglycolique, Aceticacid,mercapto-, 2-MERCAPTOACETIC ACID, Thioglycolic acid solution, thioglycolic acid free acid, 2-Mercaptoacetic acid, 2-Thioglycolic acid, alpha-Mercaptoacetic acid, Mercaptoacetic acid, Mercaptoessigsaeure,
Mercaptoethanoic acid, Merkaptoessigsaeure, SULFanylacetIC ACID, Thioglykolsaeure, Thioglycolic acid, 2-Mercaptoacetate, 2-Thioglycolate, a-Mercaptoacetate, a-Mercaptoacetic acid, alpha-Mercaptoacetate, Α-mercaptoacetate, Α-mercaptoacetic acid, Mercaptoacetate, Mercaptoethanoate, Sulfanylacetate, Sulphanylacetate, Sulphanylacetic acid, 2-Mercaptoacetate, bismuth (3+), sodium salt (3:1:3), 2-Mercaptoacetate, monoammonium salt, 2-Mercaptoacetate, monopotassium salt, Sodium thioglycolate, 2-Mercaptoacetate, calcium salt (1:1), Ammonium thioglycolate, 2-Mercaptoacetate, calcium salt (2:1), 2-Mercaptoacetate, calcium salt (2:1) salt, trihydrate, Calcium thioglycolate, Sodium thioglycollate, 2-Mercaptoacetate, monosodium salt, 2-Mercaptoacetate, Acetic acid, mercapto-, Thioglycolic acid, 2-Mercaptoacetic acid, 2-Thioglycolic acid, Acetic acid, mercapto-, Acide thioglycolique, Glycolic acid, 2-thio-, Glycolic acid, thio-, Kyselina merkaptooctova, Mercaptoessigsaeure, Thioglycolate, Thioglycollic acid, Thiovanic acid, Acetyl mercaptan, Mercaptoacetate, Mercaptoacetic acid, 2-Mercaptoacetic acid, 2-Thioglycolic acid, mercaptoacetic acid, thioglycolic acid, 68-11-1, 2-Mercaptoacetic acid, 2-Thioglycolic acid, Acetic acid, mercapto-, Sulfanylacetic acid, Thioglycollic acid, 2-sulfanylacetic acid, Thiovanic acid, Mercaptoessigsaeure, Glycolic acid, thio-, Acide thioglycolique, Glycolic acid, 2-thio-, thioglycolicacid, USAF CB-35, 2-Mercaptoacetate, Acetic acid, 2-mercapto-, mercapto acetic acid, mercapto-acetic acid, Mercaptoethanoic acid, alpha-Mercaptoacetic acid, Merkaptoessigsaeure, NSC 1894, .alpha.-Mercaptoacetic acid, NSC-1894, CHEMBL116455, DTXSID8026141, CHEBI:30065, 7857H94KHM, MFCD00004876, DTXCID406141, CAS-68-11-1, HSDB 2702, EINECS 200-677-4, UN1940, BRN 0506166, UNII-7857H94KHM,
AI3-24151, mercaptoactic acid, 2-mercaptoaceticacid, Sulfanylacetic acid #, mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid), HSCH2COOH, HSCH2CO2H, WLN: SH1VQ,
EC 200-677-4, Thioglycolic acid, >=97%, Thioglycolic acid, >=98%, Thioglycolic acid, >=99%, Thioglycolic Acid (~90%), 4-03-00-00600 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), THIOGLYCOLIC ACID [MI], THIOGLYCOLIC ACID [INCI], Thioglycolic acid, LR, ~80%, CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-, NSC1894, MERCAPTOACETIC ACID [HSDB],
THIOGLYCOLIC ACID [WHO-DD], THIOGLYCOLLIC ACID [MART.], STR00166, Tox21_201717, Tox21_303306, BDBM50336509, AKOS000118940, DB15429, Thioglycolic acid, for synthesis, 97%, UN 1940, NCGC00249103-01, NCGC00257153-01, NCGC00259266-01, NCI60_001579, Thioglycolic acid [UN1940], FT-0628213, FT-0651867, M0052, NS00003173, EN300-19250, C02086, E78850, Q414738, InChI=1/C2H4O2S/c3-2(4)1-5/h5H,1H2,(H,3,4), Sulfanylacetic acid, 2-Sulfanylacetic acid, 2-Mercaptoacetic acid, Acetyl mercaptan, Mercaptoacetate, Mercaptoacetic acid, Thioglycolic acid, Thiovanic acid, mercaptoacetic acid, thioglycolic acid, 2-thioglycolic acid, acetic acid, mercapto, 2-mercaptoacetic acid, sulfanylacetic acid, thiovanic acid, mercaptoessigsaeure, thioglycollic acid, glycolic acid, thio, THIOGLYCOLIC ACID, TGA, 2-MERCAPTOACETIC ACID, MEQUINDOX, thioglycolic, Thioglycolate, THIOGLYCOLLIC ACID, Mercaptoacetate, 2-mercaptoacetate, mercaptoacetic, Acetic acid, 2-mercapto-, Acetic acid, mercapto-, 2-Mercaptoacetic acid, Glycolic acid, 2-thio-, Thiovanic acid, 2-Thioglycolic acid, Thioglycolic acid, α-Mercaptoacetic acid, Mercaptoacetic acid, 2-Mercaptoethanoic acid, Sulfhydrylacetic acid, NSC 1894, TGA, 2-Sulfanylacetic acid, 7283-42-3, 57755-20-1, Mercaptoacetic acid, Thiovanic acid, Thioglycollic acid, Acetomercaptan, Mercaptoacetate, 2-Mercaptoacetic acid, 2-Thioglycolic acid,
Thioglycolic Acid, CAS 68-11-1, Molecular Formula HSCH2COOH,



Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is the organic compound HSCH2CO2H.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) contains both a thiol (mercaptan) and carboxylic acid functional groups.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a colorless liquid with a strongly unpleasant odor.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a clear liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is readily oxidized by air to the corresponding disulfide [SCH2CO2H]2.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) was developed in the 1940s for use as a chemical depilatory and is still used as such, especially in salt forms, including calcium thioglycolate and sodium thioglycolate.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is the precursor to ammonium thioglycolate that is used for permanents.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is the organic compound HSCH2CO2H .
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) contains both a thiol (mercaptan) and a carboxylic acid.


Thioglycolic acid (TGA) also known as Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) (CAS 68-11-1) is a high performance chemical containing thiol and carboxylic acid functionality.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is completely miscible in water and generally polar organic solvents.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is miscible with polar organic solvents.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a reagent that protects tryptophan in amino acid analysis.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a component of thioglycolate broth, a special bacterial growth media.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is also used in so-called "fallout remover" or "wheel cleaner" to remove iron oxide residue from wheels.
Ferrous iron combines with thioglycolate to form red-violet ferric thioglycolate
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a high-performance chemical containing mercaptan and carboxylic acid functionalities.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is completely miscible in water and in general polar organic solvents.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a strong reducing agent especially at high pH and forms powerful complexes with metals that give it specific characteristics.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a sulfur-containing carboxylic acid.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a conjugate acid of a thioglycolate(1-).
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) acid is a colorless liquid with a strong unpleasant odor like rotten eggs.


Also known as Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid), HSCH2COOH is a colorless liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) appears as a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor.
Density of Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is 1.325 g / cm3.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used to make permanent wave solutions and depilatories.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ).
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives.


Technically Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is part of the human exposome.
The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health.
An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-mercaptocarboxylic acids.
These are carboxylic acids that bear a thiol group at the C-2 position.
Alpha-mercaptocarboxylic acids have the general formula RC(S)C(=O)O, where R = H, organyl group.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is the organic compound HSCH2CO2H.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is often called mercaptoacetic acid (MAA).
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is the organic compound HSCH2CO2H.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is often called mercaptoacetic acid (MAA).
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) contains both a thiol (mercaptan) and carboxylic acid functional groups.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a colorless liquid with a strongly unpleasant odor.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is miscible with polar organic solvents.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) also known as mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) (CAS 68-11-1) is a high performance chemical containing thiol and carboxylic acid functionality.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is completely miscible in water and generally polar organic solvents.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a sulfur-containing carboxylic acid.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a conjugate acid of a thioglycolate(1-).
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a water soluble.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a colorless liquid with a strong, typical mercaptan disagreeable odor.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) contains both a thiol and carboxylic acid functional groups.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a colorless liquid with a strongly unpleasant odor.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is miscible with polar organic solvents.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is colorless or slight yellow clarity liquid, with a physical properties as below:


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) has a melting point -16.5°C, boiling point 123 °C,(3.866KPa), opposite density (d420) 1.2-1.32, refractive index 1.5030, well mixed with water, alcohol and aether, with highly causticity.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a very good activator and catalyst for epoxy resin and bisphenol A production.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is also the the main material of cosmetics such as cold wave lotion and depilatory.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) was first developed in the early 1940s as an active material for cold wave permanents.
Now, Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) and its salts are widely utilized in cosmetic productions and commodities for hair perms, straighteners and depilatories.


Another major use for Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) in its ester form is as a crucial raw material in the production process of organotin heat-stabilizers for PVC.
These esters could be utilzied as chain transfer agents in solvent based polymerizations, too.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is often called mercaptoacetic acid (MAA).
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) contains both a thiol (mercaptan) and carboxylic acid functional groups.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a colorless liquid with a strongly unpleasant odor.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is miscible with polar organic solvents.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is an alternative to 3MPA – 3 mercaptopropionic-acid, a strong reducing agent especially at high pH and a good nucleophilic agent.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a colorless liquid with a strong, typical mercaptan disagreeable odor (although olfactory fatigue may occur) which is used in cosmetic formulations including permanent wave solutions and depilatories, in pharmaceutical manufacture, and as a stabilizer for vinyl plastics.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a member of the thioglycolate chemical class.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a reactive reducing agent: it is readily oxidized on exposure to air.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is also a weak acid due to the presence of a carboxylic acid function in the molecule.


Because of its high reactivity, Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is incompatible with air, strong oxidizers, bases, active metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium (for examples).
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is considered to be a Class IIIB Combustible Liquid, therefore, it is not considered to be flammable.



USES and APPLICATIONS of MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used to make permanent wave solutions and depilatories.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) was developed in the 1940s for use as a chemical depilatory and is still used as such, especially in salt forms, including calcium thioglycolate and sodium thioglycolate.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is the precursor to ammonium thioglycolate that is used for permanents.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) and its derivatives break the disulfide bonds in the cortex of hair.
One reforms these broken bonds in giving hair a "perm."


Alternatively and more commonly, the process leads to depilation as is done commonly in leather processing.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is also used as an acidity indicator, manufacturing of thioglycolates, and in bacteriology for preparation of thioglycolate media.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is also used in the making of tin stabilizers often used in certain polyvinyl chloride products (such as vinyl siding).
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid), usually as its dianion, forms complexes with metal ions.


Such complexes have been used for the detection of iron, molybdenum, silver, and tin.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used as nucleophile in thioglycolysis reactions used on condensed tannins to study their structure.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used for the production of bisphenol A epoxy resin.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is the main raw material for cosmetics and hair perm lotion agent.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used for the synthesis of PVC transparent plastic and organic tin heat stabilizer.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used Hair removal agent


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used Metal appearance treatment.
Daily usage: Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is mainly used as raw material of Cold waving agent, widely used as curling agent and also used for depilatory agent.


Pharmaceutical field: Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is an intermediate for intermediate of cefivitril as well asused for production of carboprost, biotin, thiozinic acid,
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is also an important raw material for the synthesis of cysteine, hormonal agent, industrial disinfectant and sulfuric acid.


Oil field: Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) plays the role of corrosion inhibitor in oil field drilling.
Other fields uses of Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid): PVC low toxicity or non-toxic stabilizer, metal surface treatmentagent and polymerization initiator, accelerator and chain transfer agent.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used as a chemical depilatory and is still used as such, especially in salt forms, including calcium thioglycolate and sodium thioglycolate.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is the precursor to ammonium thioglycolate, which is used for permanents.

Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) and its derivatives break the disulfide bonds in the cortex of hair.
One reforms these broken bonds in giving hair a "perm".
Alternatively and more commonly, the process leads to depilation, as is done commonly in leather processing.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is also used as an acidity indicator, manufacturing of thioglycolates, and in bacteriology for preparation of thioglycolate media.
Thioglycolysis reactions are used on condensed tannins to study their structure.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used as a protecting agent for tryptophan in amino acid analysis and an acidity indicator.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) finds application as an intermediate in the chemical reactions such as addition, elimination and cyclization.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) acts as a precursor to ammonium thioglycolate, sodium thioglycolate and calcium thioglycolate.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid)'s organotin derivatives are used as stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
In organic synthesis, Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) acts as a nucleophile in thioglycolysis reactions and sulfur transfer agent for sulfonyl chloride synthesis.


Further, Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used in leather processing.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) has also been used to soften nails, either to reshape pincer nails into the correct position or to help topical antifungals penetrate the nail.


Organotin derivatives of thioglycolic acid isooctyl esters are widely used as stabilizers for PVC.
These species have the formula R2Sn(SCH2CO2C8H17)2.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used as a reagent for metals such as iron, molybdenum, silver, and tin,and in bacteriology.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used in industries and applications as diverse as cosmetics, oil and gas, polymerization, fine chemistry, leather processing, cleaning, and metals recovery.
Thioglycolic Acid is an organic compound containing both a thiol and a carboxylic acid. Thioglycolic Acid is a precursor to ammonium thioglycolate, a chemical used for permanents.


Thioglycolic Acid is used in organic synthesis as a nucleophile in thioglycolysis reactions and is used as an S transfer agent for sulfonyl chloride synthesis.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is sensitive reagent for iron, molybdenum, silver, tin.


With ferric iron a blue color appears, and when an alkali hydroxide is added to a solution contg ferrous salts and Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid), a yellow precipitate forms.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used in the manufacture of thioglycolates.


The ammonium and sodium salts are commonly used for cold waving and the calcium salt is a depilatory.
The sodium salt also is used in bacteriology in the preparation of thioglycolate media.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used as a reagent formetals analysis; in the manufacture of thioglycolates, pharmaceuticals, and permanentwave solutions; and as a vinyl stabilizer.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is an intermediate in the production of thiomethoprol (caputril), biotin, thiozinc acid, sodium dithiosuccinate and other pharmaceuticals, and is also an intermediate in the synthesis of cysteine, hormonal agent, and industrial disinfectant.
And an important raw material for the synthesis of sulfuric acid.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used as antioxidant and stabilizer in pharmaceuticals to enhance the stability of the main drug and prolong the validity period of pharmaceutical preparations.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used in the following products: leather treatment products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used in the following products: oil and gas exploration or production products.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used in the following areas: mining and scientific research and development.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) can occur from industrial use: of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Ammonium and sodium salts of Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) are mainly used as curling agents, calcium salts can be used as depilatory agents, polymerization initiators, accelerators and chain transfer agents, and can be used for hair removal before cosmetic surgery and animal experiments.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used to make epoxy resin, catalyst of bisphenol A, and it can also be used as the basic raw material for synthesizing PVC transparent plastic and organic antimony and organic tin heat stabilizer.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a sensitive reagent for the determination of iron, molybdenum, aluminum, tin, etc., and is an inhibitor of copper sulfide and iron sulfide minerals in beneficiation.


In the petrochemical industry and the railway sector, Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used for cleaning and derusting of equipment and rails.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) can be used as a crystallization nucleating agent in polypropylene processing and molding, as a modifier for coatings and fibers, as a blanket quickening agent, as a stabilizer raw material for polyvinyl chloride and rubber, as a cold perm agent, and as a pharmaceutical intermediate.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used as a color developer for the photometric determination of molybdenum, rhenium and iron, and as a compounding masking agent.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used to make permanent wave solutions and depilatories.


Daily usage: Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) mainly used as raw material of Cold waving agent, widely used as curling agent and also used for depilatory agent.
Pharmaceutical field: Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is an intermediate for intermediate of cefivitril as well asused for production of carboprost, biotin, thiozinic acid,


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is also an important raw material for the synthesis of cysteine, hormonal agent, industrial disinfectant and sulfuric acid.
Oil field: Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) plays the role of corrosion inhibitor in oil field drilling.


Other fields of Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid): PVC low toxicity or non-toxic stabilizer, metal surface treatmentagent and polymerization initiator, accelerator and chain transfer agent.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is widely used in the fields of PVC stabilizers, down-hole acidizing, corrosion inhibition in the oil field industry, manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyes, shrink-resistant treatment of wool, fabric dying, leather processing.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used as a chemical depilatory and is still used as such, especially in salt forms, including calcium thioglycolate and sodium thioglycolate.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is the precursor to ammonium thioglycolate that is used for permanents.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is also used as an acidity indicator, manufacturing of thioglycolates, and in bacteriology for preparation of thioglycolate media.
In fact thioglycolysis reactions, Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used on condensed tannins to study their structure.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is mainly used as curling agent, depilatory agent, polyvinyl chloride low-toxic or non-toxic stabilizer, polymerization initiator, accelerator and chain transfer agent, metal surface treatment agent, Pharmaceutical intermediates, important chemical raw materials


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is mainly used as raw materials of blanket finishing agent and cold scalding liquid.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used in the manufacture of liquid medicine.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used as a reagent and stabilizer for the determination of Iron


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, rubber, pesticide, detergent and personal care industries.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is an important intermediate or organic chemical material in the above related product manufacture process.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) can also be used as restraining agent for copper sulfide, chemical mineral processing reagent, acid reagent.


Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) may also wok as an important organic reagent for metallic ion such as iron, molybdenum, silver and tin, etc.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used in Construction chemical as transferring agent , cosmetic formulations including permanent wave solutions and depilatories, in pharmaceutical manufacture, and as a stabilizer for vinyl plastics.
A recent use is as a capping or stabilizing agent for Cd/Te quantum microdots (QDs).


Other usages of Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) are also discovered in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, leather processing area and industries.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) may be used as a water-soluble chain transfer agent for certain acrylic polymers, too.
The anti-corrosive properties of Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) or its salts are very useful in the oil field sector in down-hole applications and as cleaning agents.


-Application Area of Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid):
1. Pharmaceutical intermediate;
2. Chain transfer agent for Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer
3. Raw material for PVC tin stabilizers;
4. Concrete admixture.


-Daily Chemical Product Making Area:
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used for manufacturing cold essence and the main raw material of hair removal agent.
In the petroleum chemical industry and railway departments, Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used in cleaning equipment and track; The deep processing of products can be made of thioglycolic acid.



MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID) ESTERS:
The esters like 2-Ethylhexyl Thioglycolate (-mercaptoacetate) and Iso-Octyl Thioglycolate (-mercaptoacetate), also called IOTG react like regular mercaptans and show long term stability.
Both are important intermediates in the production procedures of tin heat-stabilizers for PVC.



MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID) SALTS:
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid)'s salts such as Ammonium Thioglycolate or Monoethanolamine Thioglycolate are widely seen in cosmetics for hair perms and straigtheners.
Calcium Thioglycolate and Potassium Thioglycolate are used in depilatories.



PROPERTIES OF MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
With its unique reducing properties make Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) an ideal choice for a lot of chemical reactions including addition, elimination, or cyclization reactions.
The thiol group (-SH) in Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) will react in the presence of bases, acids, ketone groups or organic halogens.
In the presence of alcohols or amines, the carboxylic group of Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) will react preferentially.



PRODUCTION OF MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is prepared by reaction of sodium or potassium chloroacetate with alkali metal hydrosulfide in aqueous medium.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) can be also prepared via the Bunte salt obtained by reaction of sodium thiosulfate with chloroacetic acid:
ClCH2CO2H + Na2S2O3 → Na[O3S2CH2CO2H] + NaCl
Na[O3S2CH2CO2H] + H2O → HSCH2CO2H + NaHSO4



REACTIONS OF MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) with a pKa of 3.83 is an acid about 10 times stronger than acetic acid (pKa 4.76):
HSCH2CO2H → HSCH2CO2− + H+
The second ionization has a pKa of 9.3:
HSCH2CO2− → −SCH2CO2− + H+

Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a reducing agent, especially at higher pH.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) oxidizes to the corresponding disulfide (2-[(carboxymethyl)disulfanyl]acetic acid or dithiodiglycolic acid):
2 HSCH2CO2H + "O" → [SCH2CO2H]2 + H2O



MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID), WITH METAL IONS:
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid), usually as its dianion, forms complexes with metal ions.
Such complexes have been used for the detection of iron, molybdenum, silver, and tin.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) reacts with diethyl acetylmalonate to form acetylmercaptoacetic acid and diethyl malonate, the reducing agent in the conversion of Fe(III) to Fe(II).



HISTORY OF MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
Scientist David R. Goddard, in the early 1930s, identified Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) as a useful reagent for reducing the disulfide bonds in proteins, including keratin (hair protein), while studying why protease enzymes could not easily digest hair, nails, feathers, and such.
He realized that while the disulfide bonds, which stabilize proteins by cross-linking, were broken, the structures containing these proteins could be reshaped easily, and that they would retain this shape after the disulfide bonds were allowed to re-form.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) was developed in the 1940s for use as a chemical depilatory.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Alkylthiols
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
*2-mercaptocarboxylic acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Alkylthiol
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organosulfur compound
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is a colorless liquid with a strong unpleasant odor like rotten eggs.
Also known as Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid), HSCH2COOH is a colorless liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is used as a reagent for metals such as iron, molybdenum, silver, and tin,and in bacteriology.



SOLUBILITY OF MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is miscible with water, ethanol, ethers, ketones, esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, benzene and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is slightly miscible with chloroform.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) is readily oxidized by air .
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) reactions with these materials may generate heat and toxic and flammable gases.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) may react with acids to liberate hydrogen sulfide.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) neutralizes bases in exothermic reactions.
Mercaptoacetic acid (thioglycolic acid) reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
CAS: 68-11-1
Molecular Formula: C2H4O2S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 92.112
MDL Number: MFCD00004876
InChI Key: CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
ChEBI: CHEBI:30065
IUPAC Name: 2-sulfanylacetic acid
SMILES: C(C(=O)O)S
Chemical formula: C2H4O2S
Molar mass: 92.11 g·mol−1
Appearance: colorless, clear liquid
Odor: strong, disagreeable
Density: 1.32 g/cm3
Melting point: −16 °C (3 °F; 257 K)

Boiling point: 96 °C (205 °F; 369 K) at 5 mmHg
Solubility in water: miscible
Vapor pressure: 10 mmHg (17.8 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −50.0·10−6 cm3/mol
CAS number: 68-11-1
EC index number: 607-090-00-6
EC number: 200-677-4
Grade: Reag. Ph Eur
Hill Formula: C₂H₄O₂S
Chemical formula: HSCH₂COOH
Molar Mass: 92.12 g/mol
HS Code: 2930 90 98
Boiling point: 220 °C (1013 hPa) (decomposition)
Density: 1.325 g/cm3
Flash point: 130 °C
Melting Point: -16 °C

pH value: 1.5 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.5 hPa (25 °C)
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: Stench.
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -16 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 96 °C at 7 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Lower explosion limit: 5,9 %(V)
Flash point: 130 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 315 °C at 1.020 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 1,5 at 10 g/l at 20 °C

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: 4,69 mm2/s at 20 °C
Viscosity, dynamic: 6,55 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: 1.000 g/l at 20 °C - completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -2,99 at 22 °C - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,5 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1,325 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 3,18 - (Air = 1.0)

CBNumber:CB6477604
Molecular Formula:C2H4O2S
Molecular Weight:92.12
MDL Number:MFCD00004876
MOL File:68-11-1.mol
Melting point: −16 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 96 °C5 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.326 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 3.2 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.4 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.505(lit.)
Flash point: 126 °C
storage temp.: Store at +2°C to +8°C.
solubility: Chloroform (Sparingly), Methanol (Sparingly)
form: Liquid
pka: 3.68(at 25℃)
color: clear clear, colorless

Odor: strong unpleasant odor
PH: 1 (H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: soluble
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,9336
BRN: 506166
Exposure limits TLV-TWA: 1 ppm (～3.8 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
Stability: Air Sensitive
InChIKey: CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.090
CAS DataBase Reference: 68-11-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 3-5
FDA UNII: 7857H94KHM
NIST Chemistry Reference: Acetic acid, mercapto-(68-11-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: Thioglycolic acid (68-11-1)

Molecular Weight: 92.12 g/mol
XLogP3: 0.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 91.99320054 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 91.99320054 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 38.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 42.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance: Clear colorless Liquid
Infrared spectrum: Conforms
Refractive index: 1.5030 to 1.5050 (20°C, 589 nm)
Titration Iodimetric: ≥97.5 %
Iron (Fe): ≤300 ppb
Impurity: ≤0.2 % Other acids (as TGA)
UV: at 350 nm A: ≤0.01
UV: at 450 nm A: ≤0.01
UV: 1 cm cell vs water

Color scale: ≤10 APHA
Residue after evaporation: ≤0.001 %
Acidity: ≤0.0003 meq/g
Formula: HSCH₂COOH
MW: 92.12 g/mol
Boiling Pt: 220 °C (760 mmHg)
Melting Pt: –16 °C
Density: 1.325 g/cm³
Flash Pt: 126 °C
Storage Temperature: Refrigerator
MDL Number: MFCD00004876
CAS Number: 68-11-1
EINECS: 200-677-4

UN: 1940
ADR: 8,II
Merck Index: 12,09472
Molecular Weight：
92.11700
Exact Mass： 92.12
EC Number： 200-677-4
HScode： 2930909090
PSA：76.10000
XLogP3：0.00080
Appearance：: Thioglycolic acid appears as a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor.
Density: 1.325 g / cm3.
Density：1.3253 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point：-16.5 °C
Boiling Point：120 °C @ Press: 20 Torr
Flash Point：126ºC
Refractive Index：1.503-1.505

Water Solubility：H2O: soluble
Storage Conditions：2-8ºC
Vapor Pressure：0.4 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
Vapor Density：3.2 (vs air)
Odor：Strong, unpleasant odor
CAS: 68-11-1
EINECS: 200-677-4
InChI: InChI=1/C2H4O2S/c3-2(4)1-5/h5H,1H2,(H,3,4)/p-1
InChIKey: CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C2H4O2S
Molar Mass: 92.12
Density: 1.326g/mLat 20°C(lit.)
Melting Point: −16°C(lit.)
Boling Point: 96°C5mm Hg(lit.)
Flash Point: 126 °C
Water Solubility: soluble

Vapor Presure: 0.4 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
Vapor Density: 3.2 (vs air)
Appearance: Liquid
Color: clear clear, colorless
Exposure Limit: TLV-TWA 1 ppm (～3.8 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
Merck: 14,9336
BRN: 506166
pKa: 3.68(at 25℃)
PH: 1 (H2O, 20℃)
Storage Condition: Store at +2°C to +8°C.
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.505(lit.)
Physical and Chemical Properties:
The pure product is a colorless transparent liquid,
and the industrial product is colorless to yellowish.

melting point: -16.5 ℃
boiling point: 123 ℃
relative density: 1.3253
refractive index: 1.5030
BR> solubility and water, ethanol and ether are miscible.
Chemical Formula: C2H4O2S
Average Molecular Weight: 92.117
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 91.993200062
IUPAC Name: 2-sulfanylacetic acid
Traditional Name: thioglycolic acid
CAS Registry Number: Not Available
SMILES: OC(=O)CS
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C2H4O2S/c3-2(4)1-5/h5H,1H2,(H,3,4)
InChI Key: CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N



FIRST AID MEASURES of MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Latex gloves
Minimum layer thickness: 0,6 mm
Break through time: 120 min
*Body Protection:
Acid-resistant protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Respirator.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
*Storage conditions
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature:
2 - 8 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of MERCAPTOACETIC ACID (THIOGLYCOLIC ACID):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

Mercaptopropionic acid is used as a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with a thiol and carboxylic groups.
Mercaptopropionic acid has short carbon chains and is mainly used as a capping agent on a variety of nanoparticles.
A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.

CAS: 107-96-0
MF: C3H6O2S
MW: 106.14
EINECS: 203-537-0

Mercaptopropionic acid is an organosulfur compound with the formula HSCH2CH2CO2H.
Mercaptopropionic acid is a bifunctional molecule, containing both carboxylic acid and thiol groups.
Mercaptopropionic acid is a colorless oil.
Mercaptopropionic acid is derived from the addition of hydrogen sulfide to acrylic acid.

Mercaptopropionic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 15-18 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 110-111 °C/15 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.218 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.04 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.492(lit.)
FEMA: 4587 | 3-MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID
Fp: 201 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
pka: pK1:;pK2:10.84(SH) (25°C)
Form: Crystalline Powder, Crystals, and/or Chunks
Color: White
Specific Gravity: 1.218
PH: 2 (120g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: sulfurous roasted
Odor Type: sulfurous
Explosive limit: 1.60%(V)
Water Solubility: soluble
Sensitive: Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic
JECFA Number: 1936
BRN: 773807
Stability: Air Sensitive, Hygroscopic
InChIKey: DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -2.3 at 22℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 107-96-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Mercaptopropionic acid (107-96-0)
EPA Substance Registry System: Mercaptopropionic acid (107-96-0)

Reactions and uses
Mercaptopropionic acid is competitive inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase, and therefore acts as a convulsant.
Mercaptopropionic acid has higher potency and faster onset of action compared to allylglycine.
Mercaptopropionic acid is used to prepare hydrophilic gold nanoparticles, exploiting the affinity of gold for sulfur ligands.

Uses
Mercaptopropionic acid is widely used in food and beverage industries as a flavoring agent.
Mercaptopropionic acid is used in the production of PVC stabilizers, which are used as chain transfer agents in polymerizations.
Mercaptopropionic acid can be used as primary or secondary, color stabilizer in combination with phenolic antioxidant for polymers.
Mercaptopropionic acid acts as a sulfide ion equivalent and is utilized in the preparation of diaryl sulfide from aryl iodide.

Synonyms
3-MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID
107-96-0
3-Mercaptopropanoic acid
3-Sulfanylpropanoic acid
3-Thiopropionic acid
3-Thiopropanoic acid
beta-Mercaptopropionic acid
Mercaptopropionic acid
Propanoic acid, 3-mercapto-
3MPA
2-Mercaptoethanecarboxylic acid
beta-Thiopropionic acid
Hydracrylic acid, 3-thio-
Propionic acid, 3-mercapto-
Thiohydracrylic acid
NSC 437
.beta.-Thiopropionic acid
.beta.-Mercaptopropionic acid
3-Thiolpropanoic acid
3-thiohydracrylic acid
3-Mercaptopropionicacid
3-mercapto-propionic acid
B03TJ3QU9M
.beta.-Mercaptopropanoic acid
CHEMBL358697
DTXSID8026775
CHEBI:44111
NSC-437
beta-Mercaptopropanoic acid
UNII-B03TJ3QU9M
Propionic acid, 3-mercpato-
HSDB 5381
3 Mercaptopropionic Acid
EINECS 203-537-0
MFCD00004897
Mercaptopropionic acid, 3-
BRN 0773807
AI3-26090
BMPA
DEAMINO CYSTEINE
ss--Thiopropionic acid
betamercaptopropionic acid
3-mercapto-propanoic acid
ss--Mercaptopropanoic acid
ss--Mercaptopropionic acid
EC 203-537-0
3-Sulfanylpropanoic acid #
SCHEMBL7289
4-03-00-00726 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
3-Mercaptopropanoic acid, 9CI
DTXCID106775
NSC437
3-Mercaptopropionic acid, 98%
FEMA NO. 4587
3-Mercaptopropionic acid, >=99%
AMY27767
BCP16636
STR01222
Tox21_200194
BDBM50121953
MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID [INCI]
STL281859
Thiopropionic acid; 3-Thiopropanoic acid; beta-Mercaptopropionic acid
AKOS000121541
AC-4722
AT21041
SB66313
3-MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID [HSDB]
NCGC00248556-01
NCGC00257748-01
BP-21405
CAS-107-96-0
FT-0615955
FT-0658630
M0061
3-Mercaptopropionic acid, >=99.0% (HPLC)
EN300-19579
3-Dimethylamino-2-methylpropylchloridehydrochloride
A801785
J-512742
Q11751618
F2191-0215
Z104474322
InChI=1/C3H6O2S/c4-3(5)1-2-6/h6H,1-2H2,(H,4,5
68307-97-1

DESCRIPTION:
Mercaptopropionic acid is an organosulfur compound with the formula HSCH2CH2CO2H.
Mercaptopropionic acid is a bifunctional molecule, containing both carboxylic acid and thiol groups.
Mercaptopropionic acid is a colorless oil.
Mercaptopropionic acid is derived from the addition of hydrogen sulfide to acrylic acid.

CAS Number: 107-96-0
EC Number: 203-537-0

Mercaptopropionic acid is used as a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with a thiol and carboxylic groups.
Mercaptopropionic acid has short carbon chains and is mainly used as a capping agent on a variety of nanoparticles.

Mercaptopropionic acid is a mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.
Mercaptopropionic acid has a role as an algal metabolite.
Mercaptopropionic acid is a conjugate acid of a 3-mercaptopropionate.

Mercaptopropionic acid is a natural product found in Synechococcus elongatus, Brassica napus, and Bos taurus with data available.
Mercaptopropionic acid is An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase.
Mercaptopropionic acid decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.


Mercaptopropionic acid is an organic compound.
Mercaptopropionic acid exists as a colourless liquid that demonstrates solubility in both water and organic solvents.
As a sulfur-containing carboxylic acid and a derivative of propionic acid, Mercaptopropionic acid serves as a crucial precursor for the synthesis of various organic compounds, making it invaluable across scientific and industrial applications.

In scientific research, Mercaptopropionic acid finds widespread usage as a reagent in organic synthesis and in the production of proteins and other biomolecules.
Mercaptopropionic acid also functions as a chelating agent, adept at binding metal ions within aqueous solutions, and plays a vital role as a stabilizing agent in polymer production.



REACTIONS AND USES OF MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID:
Mercaptopropionic acid is competitive inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase, and therefore acts as a convulsant.
Mercaptopropionic acid has higher potency and faster onset of action compared to allylglycine.
Mercaptopropionic acid is used to prepare hydrophilic gold nanoparticles, exploiting the affinity of gold for sulfur ligands


APPLICATIONS OF MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID:
Mercaptopropionic acid is used to produce hydrophilic SAMs, which are terminated with carboxylic acids and can be further functionalized to introduce more complex end groups such as enzymes for biosensor applications.
SAMs of Mercaptopropionic acid are capped on ZnSe quantum dots for the electrochemical detection of dopamine.

Mercaptopropionic acid is used as a capping agent on CdTe quantum dot nanocrystals (QD NCs) for use as labeling materials in biomedical applications.
Mercaptopropionic acid can also be used to modify the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3) in the extraction and preconcentration of Al3+ and Cr3+ ions from different biological samples








CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID:
Chemical formula C3H6O2S
Molar mass 106.14 g•mol−1
Density 1.218
Melting point 16.9 °C (62.4 °F; 290.0 K)
Boiling point 111 °C (232 °F; 384 K)
Solubility in water soluble
Solubility ether
benzene
alcohol
water
Acidity (pKa) 4.34
Refractive index (nD) 1.4911 at 21 °C
vapor pressure: 0.04 mmHg (20 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99%
Form: liquid
autoignition temp.: 662 °F
refractive index
n20/D 1.492 (lit.)
bp: 110-111 °C/15 mmHg (lit.)
Mp: 15-18 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.218 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Boiling point 110 °C (20 hPa)
Density 1.22 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit 1.60 %(V)
Flash point 93.4 °C
Ignition temperature 350 °C
Melting Point 17 - 19 °C
pH value 2 (120 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 0.022 hPa (20 °C)
CAS number 107-96-0
EC number 203-537-0
Hill Formula C₃H₆O₂S
Chemical formula HSCH₂CH₂COOH
Molar Mass 106.14 g/mol
HS Code 2930 90 98




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product








SYNONYMS OF MERCAPTOPROPANOIC ACID:

3 Mercaptopropanoic Acid
3 Mercaptopropionic Acid
3-Mercaptopropanoic Acid
3-Mercaptopropionic Acid
Acid, 3-Mercaptopropanoic
Acid, 3-Mercaptopropionic
beta Mercaptopropionate
beta-Mercaptopropionate
3-MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID
107-96-0
3-Mercaptopropanoic acid
3-Sulfanylpropanoic acid
3-Thiopropionic acid
3-Thiopropanoic acid
beta-Mercaptopropionic acid
Mercaptopropionic acid
Propanoic acid, 3-mercapto-
3MPA
2-Mercaptoethanecarboxylic acid
beta-Thiopropionic acid
Hydracrylic acid, 3-thio-
Propionic acid, 3-mercapto-
Thiohydracrylic acid
beta-Mercaptopropanoic acid
NSC 437
.beta.-Thiopropionic acid
UNII-B03TJ3QU9M
.beta.-Mercaptopropionic acid
C3H6O2S
Propionic acid, 3-mercpato-
3-Thiolpropanoic acid
3-thiohydracrylic acid
3-Mercaptopropionicacid
HSDB 5381
EINECS 203-537-0
3-mercapto-propionic acid
Mercaptopropionic acid, 3-
BRN 0773807
B03TJ3QU9M
.beta.-Mercaptopropanoic acid
AI3-26090
CHEMBL358697
DTXSID8026775
CHEBI:44111
NSC-437
EC 203-537-0
4-03-00-00726 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
beta-Mercaptopropionate
3 Mercaptopropionic Acid
MFCD00004897
3-mercaptopropionsyre
BMPA
DEAMINO CYSTEINE
ss--Thiopropionic acid
betamercaptopropionic acid
3- mercaptopropionic acid
3-mercapto-propanoic acid
Propionic acid, mercapto-
ss--Mercaptopropanoic acid
ss--Mercaptopropionic acid
3-Sulfanylpropanoic acid #
SCHEMBL7289
USAF E-5
3-Mercaptopropanoic acid, 9CI
DTXCID106775
NSC437
3-Mercaptopropionic acid, 98%
FEMA NO. 4587
3-Mercaptopropionic acid, >=99%
AMY27767
BCP16636
STR01222
Tox21_200194
BDBM50121953
MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID [INCI]
STL281859
Thiopropionic acid; 3-Thiopropanoic acid; beta-Mercaptopropionic acid
AKOS000121541
AC-4722
AT21041
SB66313
3-MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID [HSDB]
propionic acid, 3-mercapto-methyl ester
NCGC00248556-01
NCGC00257748-01
BP-21405
CAS-107-96-0
LS-124729
LS-124730
FT-0615955
FT-0658630
M0061
3-Mercaptopropionic acid, >=99.0% (HPLC)
EN300-19579
3-Dimethylamino-2-methylpropylchloridehydrochloride
A801785
J-512742
Q11751618
F2191-0215
Z104474322
InChI=1/C3H6O2S/c4-3(5)1-2-6/h6H,1-2H2,(H,4,5
68307-97-1
3-Mercaptopropionic acid
107-96-0 [RN]
203-537-0 [EINECS]
2-mercaptoethanecarboxylic acid
3-mercaptopropanoic acid
3-Sulfanylpropanoic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name]
3-Sulfanylpropansäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
3-thiopropionic acid
4-03-00-00726 [Beilstein]
773807 [Beilstein]
Acide 3-sulfanylpropanoïque [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
B03TJ3QU9M
Hydracrylic acid, 3-thio-
mercaptopropionic acid
MFCD00004897 [MDL number]
Propanoic acid, 3-mercapto- [ACD/Index Name]
SH2VQ [WLN]
UF5270000
UNII-B03TJ3QU9M
β-Mercaptopropanoic acid
β-mercaptopropionic acid
β-Mercaptopropionic acid
β-thiopropionic acid
β-Thiopropionic acid
??-mercaptopropionic acid
203-537-0MFCD00004897
3-Mercapto Propionic Acid
3-Mercaptopropanic Acid
3-mercaptopropanoate
3-mercapto-propanoic acid
3-Mercaptopropanoic acid, 9CI
3-Mercaptopropionic acid-
3-Mercapto-propionic acid
3-Mercaptopropionic Acid (en)
3MPA
3-MPA
3-thiohydracrylic acid
3-thiolpropanoic acid
3-Thiopropanoic acid
propionic acid, 3-mercapto-
propionic acid, mercapto-
ß-mercaptopropionic acid
STR01222
T5SJ B1 C1 DVQ E- AT5NJ [WLN]
Thiohydracrylic acid
UNII:B03TJ3QU9M
β-Mercaptopropanoic acid
β-Mercaptopropionate
β-mercaptopropionic acid

MERGAL BIT 20 is an effective broad-spectrum liquid preservative designed to inhibit the growth of micro-organisms such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi in aqueous based formulations Mergal BIT 20 by Troy Corporation acts as a biocide. Based on BIT chemistry and compatible over a wide pH range. Mergal BIT 20 is heat stable and formaldehyde-free. Mergal BIT 20 offers high pH formulations and is compatible with amines as well as amine containing additives. Mergal BIT 20 is designed to inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi in aqueous based formulations. MERGAL BIT20 For Industrial Use Only As A Microbiostat Preservative Intended To Protect Adhesives, Building And Construction Compositions, Emulsion Paint And Coatings, Inks, Lattices, Leather Processing Solutions, Metalworking Fluids, Mineral Slurries And Dispersions, Oil Recovery Systems, Paper Coatings, Pesticide Formulations, Polymer Emulsions, Textile Spin-Finish And Coatings, Car Care Products Including Car Washes, Car Waxes And Silicone Emulsions, Home Care Cleaning Products Including Floor Cleaners, Floor Waxes, Floor Polishes And Surface Cleaners, Laundry Additives Including Liquid Laundry Detergents, Fabric Softeners And Stain Removers. ACTIVE INGREDIENT: ....................................... % Weight 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one ............................. 19.18% INERT INGREDIENTS ............................................. 80.82% TOTAL ................................................................... 100.00% GENERAL INFORMATION APPLICATION RATE: Mergal BIT20 is an effective preservative for most aqueous applications. Mergal BIT20 is used in aqueous or water-containing products and systems to control growth of bacteria and fungi. Use rates are in percentage by weight and refer to the product Mergal BIT20. In order to determine the most cost effective use level for Mergal BIT20 in a given use, field trials are suggested. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS: For protection against bacterial attack, a concentration within the range of 0.02 – 0.35% of this product is almost invariably sufficient. The control of mold growth, particularly on paste products of high solids content, may occasionally demand dosages above 0.25%. In dilute fluid systems, spoilage is usually controlled with dosages not greater than 0.09%. The use rate is 0.05 – 0.25% wt/wt in the following products: Adhesives, Building and Construction Compositions, Emulsion Paint and Coatings, Inks, Lattices, Leather Processing Solutions, Metalworking Fluids, Mineral Slurries and Dispersions, Paper Coatings, Pesticide Formulations, Polymer Emulsions, Textile Spin-Finish and Coatings. Mergal BIT20 is approved for adhesives used in food packaging and food contact paper and paperboard coatings. Use of Mergal BIT 20 must not exceed 0.21 mg/in2 (0.0326 mg/cm2) of finished paper and paperboard intended for contact with dry foods and 0.11 mg/in2 (0.0168 mg/cm2) of finished paper and paperboard intended for contact with aqueous and fatty foods. Oil Recovery Systems: Drilling fluids, packer fluids, completion fluids: Polysaccharide fluid loss control agents and thickeners such as starch, guar, and xanthan gum at a use rate of 0.05 – 0.15% on fluid weight or 1.5 – 4.5% on the dry polysaccharide eight. Subsurface injection waters such as polymer and micellar/polymer waterfloods: Thickeners such as polysaccharides and xanthan gum at a use rate of 0.05 – 0.15% on the solution weight. . GENERAL INFORMATION APPLICATION RATE: Mergal BIT20 is an effective preservative for most aqueous applications. Mergal BIT20 is used in aqueous or water-containing products and systems to control growth of bacteria and fungi. Use rates are in percentage by weight and refer to the product Mergal BIT20. In order to determine the most cost effective use level for Mergal BIT20 in a given use, field trials are suggested. The use rate is 0.05 – 0.3% wt/wt in the following products: Car Washes, Car Waxes And Silicone Emulsions, Home Care Cleaning Products Including Floor Cleaners, Floor Waxes, Floor Polishes And Surface Cleaners, Laundry Additives Including Liquid Laundry Detergents, Fabric Softeners And Stain Removers. Mergal BIT20 is an effective broad-spectrum, liquid preservative designed to inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi in aqueous based formulations. GENERAL INFORMATION APPLICATION RATE: Mergal BIT20 is an effective preservative for most aqueous applications. Mergal BIT20 is suggested for use in aqueous or water-containing products and systems to control growth of bacteria and fungi. In order to determine the most cost effective use level for Mergal BIT20 in a given use, field trials are suggested. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS: For protection against bacterial attack, a concentration within the range of 0.02 – 0.35% of this product is almost invariably sufficient. The control of mold growth,particularly on paste products of high solids content, may occasionally demand dosages above 0.25%. In dilute fluid systems, spoilage is usually controlled with dosages not greater than 0.09%. The use rate is 0.05-0.35% wt/wt of Mergal BIT20 in the following products: Adhesives, Building and Construction Compositions, Emulsion Paint and Coatings, Inks, Latices, Leather Processing Solutions, Metalworking Fluids, Mineral Slurries and Dispersions, Paper Coatings, Pesticide Formulations, Polymer Emulsions, Textile Spin-Finish And Coatings. Mergal BIT20 is approved for adhesives used in food packaging and food contact paper and paperboard coating. Use of Mergal BIT20 must not exceed 0.21 mg/in2(0.0326 mg/cm2) offinished paper and paperboard intended for contact with dry foods and 0.11 mg/in2(0.0168mg/cm2) of finished paper and paperboard intended for contact with aqueous and fatty foods. OIL RECOVERY SYSTEMS: Drilling fluids, packer fluids, completion fluids. Polysaccharide fluid loss control agents and thickeners such as starch, guar, and xanthan gum-0.05-0.15% on fluid weight or 1.5-4.5 on the dry polysaccharide weight. Subsurface injection waters such as polymer and micellar/polymer waterfloods: Thickeners such as xanthan gum and polysaccharides-0.05-0.15% on solution weight. SUPPLEMENTAL DOSING: Depending on the nature/severity of the contamination, if analysis indicates a loss of active ingredient and further microbial control is necessary, product may be dosed with additional microbiocide at a level to ensure that the final use-dilution product will not exceed the maximum concentration indicated METALWORKING FLUID ADDITIVES DIVISION MERGAL BIT 20 EPA Registration No. 5383-121 Description Application/ Use Highlights Physical Properties Antimicrobial Activity Water dilutable soluble oil, semi-synthetic and synthetic metalworking fluid systems are highly susceptible to the growth of microorganisms. Microbial contamination can result in slime generation, gas formation, malodors and the reduction or drift of pH in the fluid concentrate and the working dilution. This contamination can diminish fluid performance and system efficiency, which can increase costs, decrease tool life, reduce productivity and cause machine shut-down. The use of Mergal BIT20, a proven high quality preservative to control biodeterioration, will help maintain product functionality and increase the life of the metalworking fluid. For use in concentrates during manufacturing and in post addition applications. • Cost effective • Excellent pH stability • Formaldehyde free • Broad spectrum of activity • Outstanding stability in the presence of amines or high heat • Ease of incorporation • Excellent freeze-thaw stability, low freezing point • Long-term efficacy The following are typical properties of Mergal BIT 20; they are not to be considered product specifications. Active Ingredient, 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one: 19.3% Appearance: Clear liquid Specific Gravity, 25°C: 1.13 Lbs/Gal: 9.42 (approx.) Viscosity (Brookfield), 25°C: 400 pH (10% aqueous room temperature solution): ~12 Flash Point (ASTM D3278-96) >94°C (>200°F) Solubility: Soluble in water at use dilutions Gram Negative Bacteria Gram Positive Bacteria Proteus vulgaris Bacillus subtilis Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Staphylococcus aureus Enterobacter aerogenes Streptococcus faecalis Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Function/ Activity Formulating Considerations Regulatory Considerations Environmental Effects Mergal BIT20 is a liquid, organic broad spectrum preservative designed for use in both the concentrate and working dilutions of soluble oil, semi-synthetic and synthetic metalworking fluid systems which may be subject to microbial degradation. Mergal BIT20, at appropriate use levels in both laboratory and field evaluations, inhibits the growth of microorganisms. Products protected with Mergal BIT20 can generally resist the long-term, repeated challenge of microorganisms. When used in metalworking fluid concentrates and working dilutions at application use levels of up to 0.15% (max.), based on the weight of the working dilution, Mergal BIT20 will protect against a broad range of gram positive and gram negative bacteria and other microorganisms. The level of Mergal BIT20 required for optimum effectiveness is dependant on the composition and end use application of your specific product formulation. Mergal BIT20 may be used in systems with commonly used fungicides such as Troyshield LA33, Troyshield FX20 and Troyshield FX40. Customers are encouraged to check for compatibility and stability in their formulated systems. Acute Oral Effects: LD50 (oral, rat, female) – 1020 mg/kg Acute Skin Effects: LD50 (dermal, rabbit) > 2000 mg/kg. Moderate irritation (rabbit). This product is not a skin sensitizer. Acute Eye Effects: Severe irritation and corrosive (rabbit). Corneal damage may be irreversible if not washed from eyes promptly. Acute Inhalation Effects: LD50 (rate, 4 hr.) – 0.57 mg/l. Subchronic Effects and Other Studies Additional data is available on request from the Troy Chemical Corporation on active ingredient and other hazardous components. Ecotoxicity This product is moderately toxic to fish. Do not apply directly to water or wetlands. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters. Data on the active ingredient, 1,2,-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), is as follows: LC50 (rainbow trout, 96 hr flow-through): 1.3-1.6 mg/kg. LC50 (water flea, 48 hr flow-through): 1.5-3.3 mg/kg. Environmental Fate 1,2,-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) is hydrolytically stable (half-life >30 days), but breaks down fairly quickly in aerobic soils (half-life <24 hours in sandy loam soil). Its low Kow (20 at 25°C) indicates that it is unlikely to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms. Chemical Inventories Labeling Handling, Storage, Health And Safety Shipping And This product, or its components, are listed on, or are exempt from: Country Agency CAS or Other Identification Number United States TSCA 2634-33-5 (CAS No.) United States EPA 5383-121 Canada DSL 2634-33-5 (CAS No.) Europe EINECS 220-120-9 Switzerland SWISS G-6729 Australia AICS 2634-33-5 (CAS No.) Korea ECL 2634-33-5 (CAS No.) Korea ECL Serial No. KE-02680 Japan ENCS 2634-33-5 (CAS No.) Japan MITI No. 9-1845 Philippines PICCS 2634-33-5 (CAS No.) China IECSC 2634-33-5 (CAS No.) HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS. DANGER: Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye damage. Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or, absorbed through skin. Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing vapor or spray mist. Wear goggles, face shield, or safety glasses. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating, drinking, chewing gum, or using tobacco. Remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or clothing. Avoid breathing vapor or mist. Wash thoroughly after handling. Keep container tightly closed. Use only with adequate ventilation. Store away from incompatible substances in a cool dry, ventilated area. Do not store near food or feed. Observe all Federal, State and Local regulations when storing or disposing of this substance. Shelf Life: 24 Months Emergency Overview: Mergal BIT20 is a clear liquid with a slight odor. Corrosive liquid. May cause irreversible damage to the eyes. May cause moderate skin and respiratory irritation. This material is moderately toxic to fish. Avoid contamination of streams and sewers. Mergal BIT 20 is packaged in: Packaging Shipping Container Net Weight Pail 45 lbs/20.5 kg Drums 100 lbs/45.4 kg Drums 441 lbs/200.5 kg DOT Shipping Name UN3266, Corrosive liquid, inorganic, basic, n.o.s. (Sodium hydroxide) 8 PG lll, ERG# 154 Labels Required Corrosive IATA Shipping Name UN3266, Corrosive liquid, inorganic, basic, n.o.s. (Sodium hydroxide) 8 PG lll, ERG# 8L Labels Required Corrosive IMDG Shipping Name UN3266, Corrosive liquid, inorganic, basic, n.o.s. (Sodium hydroxide) 8 PG lll, EMS# F-A, S-B Labels Required Corrosive

Mergal K 14 Mergal K 14 by Troy Corporation is a fast acting, water-soluble liquid bactericide and fungicide. It is a formulated isothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) in-can preservative. Provides control of bacteria, yeast and fungi. Mergal K 14 is used in waterborne paints, and other coating products where water is a component. The product is suited for systems with a pH of 3 up to approximately 8 or 9. Mergal K 14 by Troy Corporation is s stabilized CMIT/MIT-based bactericide. Acts as a water-soluble, liquid preservative for control of bacteria, yeast, mold, and algae in adhesives, caulks and sealants. Mergal K 14 offers improved stability and speed of sanitation. MERGAL K14 is an effective, broad-spectrum liquid preservative designed to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast and fungi in aqueous systems. Mergal K14 is a water-soluble liquid preservative for control of bacteria, yeast, mold, and algae in adhesives, emulsions, dispersion paints and coatings, metalworking fluids, and building material. Intended for use in aqueous products with a range of pH 3-9. (EPA Registration Number 5383-104) Used In Recommended for waterborne adhesives, paints and coatings, emulsions and sealants. Typical Properties of Mergal K 14 Appearance Clear amber liquid pH value 4.0 Density 8.53 lbs/gal Specific Gravity 1.025 Mergal K 14 (sometimes isothiazolone) is a heterocyclic chemical compound related to isothiazole. Compared to many other simple heterocycles its discovery is fairly recent, with reports first appearing in the 1960s.[1] The compound itself has no applications, however its derivatives are widely used as biocides. Synthesis of Mergal K 14 Various synthetic routes have been reported.[2] Mergal K 14s are typically prepared on an industrial scale by the ring-closure of 3-sulfanylpropanamide derivatives. These in turn are produced from acrylic acid via the 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Ring-closure involves conversion of the thiol group into a reactive species which undergoes nucleophilic attack by the nitrogen center. This typically involves chlorination,[1] or oxidation of the 3-sulfanylpropanamide to the corresponding disulfide species. These reaction conditions also oxidize the intermediate isothiazolidine ring to give the desire product. Applications of Mergal K 14 Mergal K 14s are antimicrobials used to control bacteria, fungi, and algae in cooling water systems, fuel storage tanks, pulp and paper mill water systems, oil extraction systems, wood preservation and antifouling agents. They are frequently used in personal care products such as shampoos and other hair care products, as well as certain paint formulations. Often, combinations of MIT and CMIT (known as Kathon CG) or MIT and BIT are used. Biological implications Together with their wanted function, controlling or killing microorganisms, Mergal K 14s also have undesirable effects: They have a high aquatic toxicity and some derivatives can cause hypersensitivity by direct contact or via the air. Mergal K 14 is an Isothiazolone biocide having a 3:1 ratio of CMIT and MIT, widely used for its broad-spectrum action against microbes, algae, and fungi. Mergal K 14 is one of the active ingredients of humidifier disinfectants and a commonly used preservative in industrial products such as cosmetics, paints, adhesives and detergents. Mergal K 14 is a 1,2-thiazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom and a chlorine at C-5. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the major active ingredient in the commercial product Exocide. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. Mergal K 14 is a member of 1,2-thiazoles and an organochlorine compound. Mergal K 14 derives from a Isothiazolone. Mergal K 14 (MCI) is an isothiazolinone commonly used as a preservative with antibacterial and antifungal properties. Mergal K 14 is found within many commercially available cosmetics, lotions, and makeup removers. Mergal K 14 is also a known dermatological sensitizer and allergen; some of its side effects include flaky or scaly skin, breakouts, redness or itchiness, and moderate to severe swelling in the eye area. The American Contact Dermatitis Society named Mergal K 14 the Contact Allergen of the Year for 2013. Sensitivity to Mergal K 14 may be identified with a clinical patch test. Mergal K 14 is a 1,2-thazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom. Mergal K 14 is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the minor active ingredient in the commercial product Exocide. Mergal K 14 has a role as an antifouling biocide, an antimicrobial agent and an antifungal agent. Features & Benefits of Mergal K 14 Broad-spectrum of activity Low level of metal salt Protection against bacteria and fungi Wide range of pH stability up to 8.5 Effective at a low level of use 0.05 - 0.15% No color or odor imparted into end products Excellent compatibility with surfactants Safe at recommended use levels Rapidly biodegradable Active Ingredient in this product is listed by EPA in the Safer Chemical Ingredients List (SCIL) Applications of Mergal K 14 Cleaners and polishes, such as all-purpose cleaners, cleaning and industrial use wipes, floor and furniture polishes/waxes, automotive washes, polishes and waxes Laundry products, such as liquid laundry detergents, fabric softeners and pre-spotters Liquid detergents, such as dish wash detergents and general liquid cleaning solution Other applications, such as moist towelettes, air fresheners, moist sponges, gel air fresheners Raw materials and surfactants preservation Chloromethyl-methylMergal K 14 (Mergal K 14) is a broad spectrum biocide which has been used successfully for microbial control and preventing biofouling in industrial water treatment. ATAMAN CHEMICALS reports over the past 20 years on the efficacy of Mergal K 14 biocide versus Legionella bacteria and the protozoa associated with their growth. The studies included a wide range of conditions, including single organisms in cooling water and complex model systems with bacteria, biofilms, and protozoa. Overall, low levels of Mergal K 14 (1-10 ppm active) provided significant reduction in viable counts of various strains and species of Legionella bacteria in planktonic and biofilm studies and also against the amoebae and ciliated protozoa associated with their growth. Mergal K 14 BIOCIDES IN WATER TREATMENT Mergal K 14 biocides are widely used for microbial control in industrial water treatment. The most frequently used product is a 3:1 ratio of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and 2-methyl- 4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) at a final concentration of 1.5% total active ingredient. Mergal K 14 has broad spectrum efficacy versus bacteria, algae, and fungi. Exocide product is a blend of Isothiazolinones and is composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (CMIT) and 2-methyl-4-thiazoline-3-ketone (MIT). The bactericidal effect of Isothiazolinones is carried out through breaking the bond between the bacteria and algae protein. The product can be used in many industrial applications to inhibit microbes’ growth, and it has inhibition and biocidal effects on ordinary bacteria, fungi and algae. Isothiazolinones (also Mergal K 14) is a blended biocide with Mergal K 14 and Isothiazolinone which carry out the bactericidal effect through breaking the bond of bacteria and algae cell protein. When isothiazolinones contact with microbes, it can quickly break cell protein bond and inhibit their growth, and then lead to the apoptosis of these microbes. Isothiazolinone products can be effective in controlling both the planktonic and surface growth at very low concentrations and have been produced specifically for oilfield water treatment and paper mill applications. Mergal K 14 has strong biocidal effects on ordinary bacteria, algae and fungi which has many advantages such as no residue, good compatibleness, high stabilization, good degradation, safety and low cost in operation. Isothiazolinone products can mix with other chlorine biocides and most cation, anion, and non-ionic surfactants. It can be an excellent eco-friendly sludge remover when used at high dosage. Mergal K 14 and Isothiazolinone are fungicidal with properties of high efficiency, broad spectrum, non-oxidative and low toxicity. Mergal K 14 is the most suitable biocide in industrial circulating cool water systems and in wastewater treatment for oilfield, papermaking, pesticide and other industries. Bichain is one of reliable isothiazolinones manufacturers and suppliers of Mergal K 14, CMIT and MIT for oilfield water treatment. We supply high quality isothiazolinone products with CAS 55965-84-9. Area of use Mergal K 14 is often not stable under certain conditions such as high temperatures or high pH values. Normally it is stabilised with Mg, Cu or Na salts. However, some applications are sensitive to salts or electrolyte. In this case Exocide 1012 AG is an excellent alternative. This broadband biocide is used to preserve water-based and water-dilutable chemical/technical products, and can be used as an in-can preservative in technical applications such as paints, adhesives, and household and industrial cleaners. Mergal K 14 is especially suitable for preserving fuels such as diesel, or for use in secondary oil production. This Exocide is also suitable as a slimicide, protective media for liquids in cooling and production systems, and as a protective medium for fluids used in metalworking. This biocide formulation has a broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity against bacteria, fungi and yeasts and can be used in many cases where other products fail. Product properties of Mergal K 14 Exocide 1012 AG is free of formaldehyde, formaldehyde releasers, phenols and heavy metals, and exhibits excellent chemical stability. It is not volatile, exhibits outstanding long-term effectiveness, and is one of the best examined broadband biocides. CMIT and CMI Mergal K 14 (MIT or MI) and Isothiazolinone (CMIT or CMI) are two preservatives from the family of substances called isothiazolinones, used in some cosmetic products and other household products. MIT can be used alone to help preserve the product or it may be used together with CMIT as a blend. Preservatives are an essential element in cosmetic products, protecting products, and so the consumer, against contamination by microorganisms during storage and continued use. MIT and CMIT are two of the very limited number of ‘broad spectrum’ preservatives, which means they are effective against a variety of bacteria, yeasts and moulds, across a wide range of product types. MIT and CMIT have been positively approved for use as preservatives for many years under the strict European cosmetics legislation. The primary purpose of these laws is to protect human safety. One of the ways it does this is by banning certain ingredients and controlling others by limiting their concentration or restricting them to particular product types. Preservatives may only be used if they are specifically listed in the legislation. MIT Mergal K 14 can be used on its own to help preserve cosmetic products. Following discussions with dermatologists, who reported an increase in cases of allergy to Mergal K 14 in their clinics, the European cosmetics industry assessed the available information regarding the risk of allergic reactions to Mergal K 14, and in December 2013, the European Personal Care Association, Cosmetics Europe, issued a Recommendation for companies to discontinue the use of MIT in leave-on skincare products. The European Commission’s independent expert scientific panel (the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, SCCS), which advises on safety matters, reviewed the use of MIT in cosmetic products. In 2013, the SCCS also recommended that MIT be removed from leave-on cosmetic products and that the amount of Mergal K 14 used in rinse-off cosmetic products should be reduced. As a result, the European Commission changed the cosmetic law to ban the use of MIT in leave-on cosmetic products. Since 12 February 2017, it is no longer permitted to make these products available to consumers. In addition, the maximum amount of MIT present in rinse-off products has been reduced and since 27 April 2018, all products made available to consumers must comply with the new limit. If consumers have been diagnosed as allergic to Mergal K 14 it is important to check the ingredient list of rinse-off cosmetic products. The name ‘Mergal K 14’ will always be listed as ‘Mergal K 14’ regardless of where in Europe a product is purchased. MIT/CMIT Blend Mergal K 14 may also be used in a blend with CMIT. If the Mergal K 14 and CMIT blend is used to preserve a cosmetic product, then the names Mergal K 14 and Mergal K 14 will both be present in the ingredients list, which every cosmetic product must have either on its carton, pack or label, card etc. at point of sale. In its review of the MIT/CMIT blend, the SCCS has stated that the MIT/CMIT blend should only be allowed to be used in rinse-off cosmetic products. As a result, the European cosmetic law was changed to restrict the use of this blend to rinse-off products only from April 2016. CMIT: Mergal K 14, also referred to as CMIT, is a preservative with antibacterial and antifungal effects within the group of isothiazolinones. These compounds have an active sulphur moiety that is able to oxidize thiol-containing residues, thereby effectively killing most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Mergal K 14 is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Mergal K 14 is found in many water-based personal care products and cosmetics. Mergal K 14 was first used in cosmetics in the 1970s. It is also used in glue production, detergents, paints, fuels, and other industrial processes. Mergal K 14 is known by the registered tradename Kathon CG when used in combination with Mergal K 14. Mergal K 14 may be used in combination with other preservatives including ethylparaben, benzalkonium chloride, and bronopol. In pure form or in high concentrations, Mergal K 14 is a skin and membrane irritant and causes chemical burns. In the United States, maximum authorized concentrations are 15 ppm in rinse-offs (of a mixture in the ratio 3:1 of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol 3(2H)-one and 2-methylisothiazol-3 (2H)-one). In Canada, Mergal K 14 may only be used in rinse-off products in combination with Mergal K 14, the total concentration of the combination may not exceed 15 ppm. MIT: Mergal K 14, MIT, or MI, (sometimes erroneously called methylisothiazoline), is a powerful synthetic biocide and preservative within the group of isothiazolinones, which is used in numerous personal care products and a wide range of industrial applications. It is a cytotoxin that may affect different types of cells. Its use for a wide range of personal products for humans, such as cosmetics, lotions, moisturizers, sanitary wipes, shampoos, and sunscreens, more than doubled during the first decade of the twenty-first century and has been reported as a contact sensitizing agent by the European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety. Industrial applications also are quite wide ranging, from preservative and sanitizing uses to antimicrobial agents, energy production, metalworking fluids, mining, paint manufacturing, and paper manufacturing, many of which increase potential exposure to it by humans as well as organisms, both terrestrial and marine. Industrial applications in marine environments are proving to be toxic to marine life, for instance, when the effect of its now almost-universal use in boat hull paint was examined. Applications of Mergal K 14 Mergal K 14 and other isothiazolinone-derived biocides are used for controlling microbial growth in water-containing solutions. Two of the most widely used isothiazolinone biocides are 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (chloroMergal K 14 or CMIT) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Mergal K 14 or MIT), which are the active ingredients in a 3:1 mixture (CMIT:MIT) sold commercially as Exocide. Exocide is supplied to manufacturers as a concentrated stock solution containing from 1.5-15% of Mergal K 14. For applications the recommended use level is from 6 ppm to 75 ppm active Mergal K 14s. Biocidal applications range from industrial water storage tanks to cooling units, in processes as varied as mining, paper manufacturing, metalworking fluids and energy production. Mergal K 14 also has been used to control slime in the manufacture of paper products that contact food. In addition, this product serves as an antimicrobial agent in latex adhesives and in paper coatings that also contact food. Other isothiazolinones One Mergal K 14, Sea-Nine 211 (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolino-3-one, DCOI), has quickly replaced tributyltin as the antifouling agent of choice in ship hull paint. A recent study reported the presence of DCOI in both port water and sediment samples in Osaka, Japan, especially in weakly circulating mooring areas. Of environmental concern, DCOI levels predicted in marinas now are considered a threat to various marine invertebrate species. Isothiazolinones also are extremely toxic to fish. In industrial use, the greatest occupational inhalation exposure occurs during open pouring. Non-occupational exposure to Mergal K 14 by the general population also occurs, albeit at much lower concentrations. These compounds are present in a very large number of commonly used cosmetics. Human health Mergal K 14 is allergenic and cytotoxic, and this has led to some concern over its use. A report released by the European Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-food Products Intended for Consumers (SCCNFP) in 2003 also concluded that insufficient information was available to allow for an adequate risk assessment analysis of MIT. Rising reports of consumer impact led to new research, including a report released in 2014 by the European Commission Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety which reported: "The dramatic rise in the rates of reported cases of contact allergy to MI, as detected by diagnostic patch tests, is unprecedented in Europe; there have been repeated warnings about the rise (Gonçalo M, Goossens A. 2013). The increase is primarily caused by increasing consumer exposure to MI from cosmetic products; exposures to MI in household products, paints and in the occupational setting also need to be considered. The delay in re-evaluation of the safety of MI in cosmetic products is of concern to the SCCS; it has adversely affected consumer safety." "It is unknown what proportion of the general population is now sensitized to MI and has not been confirmed as sensitized." In 2014, the European Commission Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety further issued a voluntary ban on "the mixture of Mergal K 14 (MCI/MI) from leave-on products such as body creams. The measure is aimed at reducing the risk from and the incidence of skin allergies. The preservative can still be used in rinse-off products such as shampoos and shower gels at a maximum concentration of 0.0015 % of a mixture in the ratio 3:1 of MCI/MI. The measure will apply for products placed on the market after 16 July 2015." Shortly thereafter, Canada moved to adopt similar measures in its Cosmetic Ingredients Hotlist. Additionally, new research into cross reactivity of MI-sensitized patients to variants benzisothiazolinone and octylisothiazolinone have found that reactions may occur if present in sufficient amounts. Allergic contact dermatitis Mergal K 14 is used commonly in products in conjunction with Mergal K 14, a mixture sold under the registered trade name Kathon CG. A common indication of sensitivity to Kathon CG is allergic contact dermatitis. Sensitization to this family of preservatives was observed as early as the late 1980s. Due to increased use of isothiazolinone-based preservatives in recent years, an increase in reported incidences of contact allergy to this product has been reported. In 2013 the substance was declared the 2013 Contact Allergen of the Year by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. In 2016 the Dermatitis Academy launched a call to action for patients to report their isothiazolinone allergy to the FDA. On December 13, 2013 the trade group, Cosmetics Europe,following discussions with the European Society of Contact Dermatitis (ESCD),recommended to its members "that the use of Mergal K 14 (MIT) in leave-on skin products including cosmetic wet wipes is discontinued. This action is recommended in the interests of consumer safety in relation to adverse skin reactions. It is recommended that companies do not wait for regulatory intervention under the Cosmetics Regulation but implement this recommendation as soon as feasible." On March 27, 2014, the European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety issued an opinion on the safety of Mergal K 14. This report only considered the issue of contact sensitization. The committee concluded: “Current clinical data indicate that 100 ppm MI in cosmetic products is not safe for the consumer. "For leave-on cosmetic products (including ‘wet wipes’), no safe concentrations of MI for induction of contact allergy or elicitation have been adequately demonstrated. "For rinse-off cosmetic products, a concentration of 15 ppm (0.0015%) Mergal K 14 is considered safe for the consumer from the view of induction of contact allergy. However, no information is available on elicitation

MERGAL K6N Hızlı etkili, geniş spektrumlu kutu içi koruyucu Açıklama Mergal K6N, sulu sistemlerde bakteri, maya ve mantarların büyümesini engellemek için tasarlanmış etkili, geniş spektrumlu bir sıvı koruyucudur. Uygulama ve Kullanım Mergal K6N, su bazlı sistemlere kolayca dahil edilen sıvı bir üründür. Mergal K6N, su bazlı boyalar ve sıvalar, yapıştırıcılar, pigment bulamaçları, nişasta solüsyonları ve sızdırmazlık malzemeleri için önerilir. Mergal K6N ayrıca mürekkeplerde, fıskiye solüsyonlarında, polimer emülsiyonlarında, reoloji değiştiricilerde ve mum emülsiyonlarında da kullanışlıdır. Mergal K6N ayrıca deterjanları, ev temizlik malzemelerini ve benzeri ürünleri korumak için de kullanılabilir. Ürün hızlı hareket ediyor. Mergal K6N şu sistemlere uygulanabilir: pH 3 ila 9, ve Soğutma aşamasında 60 ° C'ye kadar olan sıcaklıklarda işlenmiş malzemelere dahil edilebilir. Ürün Özellikleri Geniş Spektrum koruması Headspace koruması Hızlı etkili İyi sterilizasyon özellikleri Düşük kullanım seviyesi Uygun maliyetli Fiziksel özellikler Aşağıdakiler, Mergal K6N'nin tipik özellikleridir; ürün özellikleri olarak kabul edilmemelidir. Görünüş: şeffaf, neredeyse renksiz sıvı Özgül Ağırlık, 25 ° C: yakl. 1.05 pH (olduğu gibi) tipik olarak 3 ila 6 Çözünürlük: Su ile her oranda karışabilir Antimikrobiyal etkinlik Mergal K6N, çok çeşitli mikroorganizmalara karşı geniş bir etkinlik yelpazesine sahiptir. Mergal K6N tarafından kontrol edilen organizma örnekleri: Bakteriler MIC Mantarlar MIC Bacillus subtilis 0,05 Aspergillus niger 0,02 Enterobacter aerogenes 0,05 Chaetomium globosum 0,02 Escherichia coli 0,02 Penicillium funiculosum 0,02 Proteus vulgaris 0.05 Ulocladium consortiale 0.01 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.02 Pseudomonas flurescence 0.01 Maya MIC Yosun MIC Candida albicans 0,02 Chlorella fusca 0,002 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.01 Anabaena cylindrica 0.001 İşlev / Etkinlik Mergal K6N tipik olarak boya uygulamalarında nihai ürünün ağırlıkça% 0,1 ila% 0,3'ü oranında kullanılır. Herhangi bir sistemi korumak için gereken seviye, çeşitli faktörlere bağlıdır: başlangıçtaki mikrobiyolojik kontaminasyon seviyesi, sistemin bileşenleri, tekrar mikrobiyolojik müdahalelere maruz kalma olasılığı, artık indirgeyici ve oksitleyici ajanlar ve sistemin sıcaklığı ve pH'ı . Önerilen kullanım seviyeleri saha denemeleri ile doğrulanmalı ve son kullanım ürününün yüzdesi olarak rapor edilmelidir. % Ağırlık / Ağırlık Boya: 0.10 - 0.30 Su bazlı ahşap kaplamalar: 0,05 - 0,20 Yapıştırıcılar, macunlar ve sızdırmazlık malzemeleri: 0,05 - 0,20 Polimer Emülsiyonu: 0.10 - 0.20 Baskı Mürekkepleri: 0.10 - 0.30 Formülasyonla İlgili Hususlar Mergal K6N, su bazlı sistemlere kolayca dahil edilen sıvı bir üründür. En iyi sonuçlar için Mergal K6N, üretim sürecine mümkün olduğunca erken eklenmelidir. Üretim sırasında yüksek sıcaklıklar veya yüksek alkali pH değerleri bekleniyorsa, ürün bu şartlar kontrol edildikten sonra veya işlemin başında 1/3 Mergal K6N ve sonunda 2/3 ilave edilerek ilave edilmelidir. Mergal K6N, en bilinen sistemlerle uyumludur. Güçlü indirgeme ajanlarının varlığı, aktiflerin bozunmasına neden olabilir. Protein bazlı yapıştırıcılar gibi çapraz bağlanabilen malzemelerle uyumsuzluklar meydana gelebilir. Çeşitli uygulama olanakları ve farklı işleme yöntemleri nedeniyle, yeni ürünlerin geliştirilmesinde uyumluluğun kontrol edilmesi önerilir. Lütfen yardım için ATAMAN CHEMICALS temsilcinizle iletişime geçin. Mergal K6N ile çalışırken koruyucu için olağan önlemler alınmalıdır. Konsantre ile temastan kaçınılmalıdır. Mergal K6N ile çalışırken koruyucu giysi ve koruyucu gözlük takılmalıdır. Cilde sıçraması durumunda derhal bol su ve sabunla yıkayın. Göze sıçraması halinde bol su ile yıkayınız ve bir hekime başvurunuz. Kirlenmiş giysiler derhal çıkarılmalıdır. Raf Ömrü: Üretim tarihinden itibaren 24 ay. Kabı sıkıca kapalı tutun. Yalnızca yeterli havalandırmayla kullanın. Daima doğrudan güneş ışığından ve ısı kaynaklarından koruyun. 40 ° C'den yüksek sıcaklıklardan kaçının. 5 - 25 ° C arasında saklandığında en uzun raf ömrü elde edilir. Donmamaya dikkat edin. Uyumsuz maddelerden uzakta, kuru ve havalandırılmış bir yerde saklayın. Yiyecek veya yem yakınında saklamayın.

Merquat 280 Polymer has excellent stability in extreme pH applications making it ideally suited for use in high pH products as well as shampoos.
More to that, Merquat 280 Polymer is also recommended for ethnic hair care, hair color, shampoos, and depilatories.



APPLICATIONS


Merquat 280 Polymer is an aqueous, cationic copolymer that demonstrates ampholytic characteristics and is non-preserved.
Further to that, Merquat 280 Polymer has excellent stability in extreme pH applications making it ideally suited for use in high pH products as well as shampoos.

Merquat 280 Polymer is also recommended for ethnic hair care, hair color, and depilatories.
Additionally, Merquat 280 Polymer is a dry copolymer that demonstrates ampholytic characteristics.

Merquat 280 Polymer has excellent stability in extreme pH applications making it ideally suited for use in products for dry or chemically treated hair.
Furthermore, Merquat 280 Polymer is also recommended for ethnic hair care as well as skin care applications.

Merquat 280 Polymer acts as a conditioning agent.
Moreover, Merquat 280 Polymer is an aqueous, cationic copolymer with ampholytic characteristics.
Merquat 280 Polymer possesses excellent stability in extreme pH applications.

Merquat 280 Polymer enables the reduction of ammonia and hair dye levels.
Besides, Merquat 280 Polymer helps to improve the saturation of hair colors, improves the wet combability of hair dyes & provides a smooth, soft feel to hair.

Merquat 280 Polymer improves wet & dry combing in shampoo systems.
In addition, Merquat 280 Polymer provides stable, rich and dense foam.
Merquat 280 Polymer is used in formulating body wash, conditioners, ethnic hair care, hair coloring, depilatories, hand soaps and shampoos.

Merquat 280 Polymer functions as conditioner.
Further, Merquat 280 Polymer can be used as sensory modifier.


Features / Benefits of Merquat 280 Polymer:

Enables the reduction of ammonia and hair dye levels.
Helps to improve the saturation of hair colors.
Improves the wet combability of hair dyes and provides a smooth, soft feel to hair.
Improves wet and dry combing in shampoo systems.
Provides stable, rich and dense foam.
Provides superior conditioning properties in high pH systems.


Applications of Merquat 280 Polymer:

Body Wash
Conditioners
Hair Coloring
Hand Soap
Shampoo


Merquat 280 Polymer is an aqueous copolymer that demonstrates ampholytic characteristics.
More to that, Merquat 280 Polymer has excellent stability in extreme pH applications making it ideally suited for use in products for dry or chemically treated hair.
Merquat 280 Polymer is also recommended for ethnic hair care as well as skin care applications.



DESCRIPTION


Merquat 280 Polymer is an aqueous, cationic copolymer that demonstrates ampholytic characteristics.
Further to that, Merquat 280 Polymer has excellent stability in extreme pH applications making it ideally suited for use in high pH products as well as shampoos.

Merquat 280 Polymer is also recommended for ethnic hair care, hair color, shampoos, and depilatories.
Additionally, Merquat 280 Polymer has excellent conditioning in extreme pH applications.

Merquat 280 Polymer is an aqueous, cationic copolymer that demonstrates ampholytic characteristics.
Furthermore, Merquat 280 Polymer has excellent stability in extreme pH applications making it ideally suited for use in high pH products as well as shampoos.
Merquat 280 Polymer is also recommended for ethnic hair care, hair color, shampoos, and depilatories.

Merquat 280 Polymer is an aqueous, cationic copolymer that demonstrates ampholytic characteristics and is non-preserved.
Moreover, Merquat 280 Polymer is a copolymer demonstrating ampholytic characteristics with excellent stability in extreme pH applications



PROPERTIES


Molecular Weight: 233.73
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 233.1182566
Monoisotopic Mass: 233.1182566
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 15
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 147
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID


General advice:

No hazards which require special first aid measures.


If inhaled:

If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If unconscious, place in recovery position and seek medical advice.
If symptoms persist, call a physician.


In case of skin contact:

First aid is not normally required.
However, it is recommended that exposed areas be cleaned by washing with soap and water.


In case of eye contact:

Remove contact lenses.
Protect unharmed eye.


If swallowed:

Do not give milk or alcoholic beverages.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
If symptoms persist, call a physician.


Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:

No symptoms known or expected.


Notes to physician:

No hazards which require special first aid measures.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Advice on safe handling:

Smoking, eating and drinking should be prohibited in the application area.


Conditions for safe storage:

Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.


Materials to avoid:

No materials to be especially mentioned



SYNONYMS


conditioneze 22 polymer
merquat 280 polymer
merquat 280SD polymer
merquat 281 polymer
merquat 295 polymer
2-propenaminium
N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-propenyl)-
chloride
polymer with 2-propenoic acid
Acrylic acid-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride copolymer
2-Propenoic acid
polymer with N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-aminium chloride (9CI)
2-Propen-1-aminium
N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propen-1-yl-
chloride (1:1)
polymer with 2-propenoic acid
2-Propen-1-aminium
N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride
polymer with 2-propenoic acid (9CI)
Floc Aid 34
Diallyldimethylammonium chloride-acrylic acid copolymer
Merquat 280SD
Conditioneze 22
Acrylic acid-diallyldimethylammonium chloride copolymer
N,N-Diallyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride-acrylic acid copolymer
Acrylic acid-diallyldimethylammonium chloride polymer
Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride-acrylic acid copolymer
Merquat 295
Merquat 281
Merquat 280
Merquat 280 Dry
OF 280
Acrylic acid-DADMAC copolymer
Merquat 295 Dry;

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are high-performance plasticizers used in various polymer applications for their excellent compatibility and versatility.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are characterized by their ability to enhance the flexibility and durability of polymer products.
The chemical formulas for Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are proprietary, and they are commonly used in various industrial applications due to their superior properties.

CAS Number: 91-20-3 (Mesamoll®), 1241-94-7 (Mesamoll® II)
EC Number: 202-049-5 (Mesamoll®), 214-999-2 (Mesamoll® II)

Synonyms: Plasticizer, Mesamoll® I, Mesamoll® II, Polymer plasticizer, Mesamoll Polymer Plasticizer, Plasticizing Agent, Polymer Additive Mesamoll, Plasticizer Additive Mesamoll, PU Plasticizer Mesamoll, Flexible Additive Mesamoll



APPLICATIONS


Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are widely used in the formulation of flexible PVC products, providing excellent flexibility and durability.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are essential in the manufacture of high-performance polyurethane foams, enhancing their flexibility.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are utilized in the production of elastomers, improving their flexibility and longevity.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are preferred plasticizers for flexible and rigid foams due to their efficiency in enhancing flexibility.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in automotive applications for their excellent flexibility and durability under various conditions.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are found in the production of sealants and caulks, contributing to their flexibility and performance.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in water-based polymer systems for their compatibility and efficiency in enhancing flexibility.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are key components in solvent-based polymer formulations, providing improved flexibility.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in the textile industry to improve the flexibility and performance of coatings on fabrics.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are employed in the production of rubber materials for their plasticizing properties.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in the manufacturing of synthetic fibers, enhancing their flexibility and resilience.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in the construction industry for high-performance coatings and sealants.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in the creation of high-performance adhesives, providing improved flexibility and durability.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are key components in the production of plastics, enhancing their flexibility and mechanical properties.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are utilized in the formulation of industrial coatings, ensuring improved flexibility and performance.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are applied in the creation of specialty coatings for various industrial applications, ensuring enhanced flexibility and performance.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in the production of coatings for metal surfaces, providing improved flexibility and durability.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are essential in the creation of high-quality printing inks, enhancing flexibility and performance during printing.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in the production of rubber products, ensuring consistent flexibility and performance.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are employed in the automotive industry, used in high-performance coatings and adhesives for improved flexibility.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are utilized in the production of wood coatings, enhancing their flexibility and durability.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are found in the manufacture of specialty coatings for industrial machinery, providing improved flexibility and performance.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, ensuring enhanced flexibility and performance.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are key ingredients in the production of polyurethane elastomers, enhancing their flexibility and longevity.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are employed in the textile industry to improve the performance and flexibility of coatings on fabrics.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in the rubber industry for their plasticizing properties, improving flexibility and performance.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are essential in the production of high-performance industrial coatings, providing improved flexibility and durability.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are vital components in water-based and solvent-based polymer systems, ensuring enhanced flexibility and performance.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are applied in the creation of high-performance industrial products, providing improved flexibility and durability.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in the formulation of household and industrial coatings, enhancing their flexibility and performance.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are utilized in the production of specialty coatings for electronic devices, providing improved flexibility.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are found in the creation of specialty inks for various applications, enhancing flexibility and performance.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in the production of ceramic and glass coatings, improving their flexibility and application properties.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are applied in the creation of coatings for plastic surfaces, ensuring improved flexibility and performance.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are utilized in the formulation of coatings for wood surfaces, providing enhanced flexibility and durability.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are essential in the production of high-performance adhesives, ensuring improved flexibility and application properties.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in the formulation of coatings for automotive applications, providing improved flexibility and performance.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are utilized in the production of specialty adhesives and sealants, ensuring enhanced flexibility and durability.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are found in the manufacture of coatings for industrial machinery, providing improved flexibility and performance.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are employed in the creation of specialty coatings for various substrates, ensuring improved flexibility and performance.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in the formulation of high-performance coatings for various applications, providing enhanced flexibility and performance.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are key components in the production of specialty inks for flexographic and gravure printing, ensuring improved flexibility and performance.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in the creation of specialty inks for digital printing, providing enhanced flexibility and application properties.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are essential in the production of high-performance industrial products, ensuring improved flexibility and performance.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are utilized in the manufacture of environmentally friendly industrial products, providing enhanced flexibility and durability.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are used in the creation of water-based and solvent-based products, ensuring improved flexibility and performance.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are critical ingredients in the formulation of specialty coatings for metal and plastic surfaces, providing enhanced flexibility and application properties.



DESCRIPTION


Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are high-performance plasticizers used in various polymer applications for their excellent compatibility and versatility.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are characterized by their ability to enhance the flexibility and durability of polymer products.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are versatile chemical compounds used in various polymer applications.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are known for their strong plasticizing properties, which improve the flexibility and performance of polymer products.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II provide excellent compatibility with a wide range of polymers, making them ideal for industrial coatings and adhesives.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are compatible with a wide range of polymer systems, enhancing their versatility in different formulations.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are widely used in the coatings, adhesives, elastomers, and sealants industries, among others.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II's non-toxic nature makes them safe for use in various industrial and consumer products.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II offer excellent flexibility, making them suitable for applications requiring enhanced flexibility and durability.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are known for their ease of dispersion, ensuring uniform plasticizing in various systems.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are essential in the creation of durable and high-performance polymer products.

Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II's strong plasticizing properties make them preferred choices in the creation of high-quality industrial coatings.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are important precursors in the production of high-performance adhesives and sealants, providing improved flexibility.
Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II are widely used in the manufacture of durable and resilient polymer products, ensuring enhanced flexibility and performance.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: Proprietary
Common Name: Mesamoll® / Mesamoll® II
Molecular Structure: Proprietary
Appearance: Clear liquid
Density: 1.05 g/cm³
Viscosity: Low
Solubility: Miscible with most organic solvents
Reactivity: Low
Chemical Stability: Excellent
Compatibility: Wide range of polymer systems
Flexibility: Excellent
Dispersion: Easy



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Mesamoll® or Mesamoll® II is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

Eye Contact:
Flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Mesamoll® or Mesamoll® II.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb spills with inert materials (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.

Storage:
Store Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid generating aerosols or mists.
Ground and bond containers during transfer operations to prevent static electricity buildup.
Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in areas where vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Mesamoll® and Mesamoll® II to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of hazardous materials.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.

Synonyms: Oligo tartaric acid;Tartaric acid, oligomer CAS: 31054-64-5

BUTYL METHACRYLATE, N° CAS : 97-88-1, Nom INCI : BUTYL METHACRYLATE, Nom chimique : Butyl methacrylate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 202-615-1, Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques. Noms français : 2-METHYL-2-PROPENOIC ACID, BUTYL ESTER; 2-PROPENOIC ACID, 2-METHYL-, BUTYL ESTER; BUTYL 2-METHYLACRYLATE;METHYL-2 PROPENOATE DE BUTYLE; METHYL-2 PROPENOATE DE BUTYLE NORMAL; Méthacrylate de butyle; Méthacrylate de butyle normal; N-BUTYL 2-METHYLPROPENOATE;PROPENOIC ACID, 2-METHYL-, BUTYL ESTER. Noms anglais : Butyl methacrylate; METHACRYLIC ACID, BUTYL ESTER; N-BUTYL METHACRYLATE; NORMAL-BUTYL METHACRYLATE. Commentaires: Ce produit peut contenir un inhibiteur tel que l'éther monométhylique de l'hydroquinone.Utilisation: Fabrication de polymères, fabrication de résines. 2-Methyl-butylacrylaat; 2-Methyl-butylacrylat; 2-Methyl-butylacrylate; 2-Methylacrylic acid, butyl ester; 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl ester; Butil metacrilato; Butyl 2-methacrylate; Butyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate;bütil metakrilat, butil metakrilat, bütil metakrilad, bütilmetakrilat; Butyl methacrylate; Butyl methacrylate monomer; Butylester kyseliny methakrylove; Butylmethacrylaat; Methacrylate de butyle; Methacrylic acid, butyl ester; Methacrylsaeurebutylester; N-Butyl methacrylate; n-BUTYL METHACRYLATE, STABILIZED butil-metakrilát (hu) butilmetakrilatas (lt) butyl-metakrylát (sk) butyl-methakrylát (cs) butylmetakrylat (sv) butylmethacrylat (da) ester butylowy kwasu metakrylowego (pl) metacrilat de n-butil (ro) metacrilato de butilo (es) metacrilato de n-butilo (pt) metakrylan butylu (pl) méthacrylate de n-butyle (fr) n-butil-metakrilat (hr) n-butilmetacrilato (it) n-butilmetakrilat (sl) n-butilmetakrilāts (lv) n-Butyl-methacrylat (de) n-butylmetakrylat (no) n-butylmethacrylaat (nl) n-Butyylimetakrylaatti (fi) n-butüülmetakrülaat (et) n-бутил-метакрилат (bg) μεθακρυλικός n-βουτυλεστέρας (el) 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, butyl esterRD_CLP_ 97-88-1_Butylmethacrylate_V1_20180205 butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate , , Butyl Methacrylate (stabilized with HQ) butyl-methacrylate- Butyllmethacrylate MABU n-Butylmetacrylat n-Butylmethacrylat s 2-Methyl butylacrylate 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid butyl ester (ECL) 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, n-butylester 2-Methyl-butylacrylaat (Dutch) 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl, butyl ester (9CI) Butil metacrilato (Italian) Butyl Methacrylate (BMA) Butylester kyseliny methakrylove (Czech) Butylmethacrylaat (Dutch) Butylmethacrylat (German) metacrilato de butilo (Spanish) Methacrylate de butyle (French) Methacrylic acid, butyl ester (8CI) Methacrylsäure-butylester (German) n-Butyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate PROP-2-ENOATE, 2-METHYL-, BUTYL (PICCS) VISIOMER®n-BMA

METHACRYLIC ACID; MAA; 2-Methylenepropionic Acid; 2-Methacrylic acid; 2-Methyl-2-propenoic Acid; Acide methacrylique (French); Acido metacrilico (Spanish); alpha-Methylacrylic acid; Kyselina methakrylova cas no: 79-41-4

cas no: 108-78-1 Cymel; 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine; cyanuramide; cyanuric triamide; triaminotriazine; 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine; cyanurotriamide; Teoharn; Theoharn; Virset 656-4; cyanurotriamine; 2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine; s-triaminotriazine; 2,4,6-triamino sym-triazine; 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)triimine;

DESCRIPTION:
Methacrylic acid, abbreviated MAA, is an organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)COOH.
This colorless, viscous liquid is a carboxylic acid with an acrid unpleasant odor.
Methacrylic acid is soluble in warm water and miscible with most organic solvents.


CAS Number: 79-41-4
EC Number: 201-204-4
IUPAC Name: 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid
Molecular Formula: C4H6O2




Methacrylic acid is produced industrially on a large scale as a precursor to its esters, especially methyl methacrylate (MMA), and to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).

Methacrylic acid appears as a clear colorless liquid (or low-melting solid) with a pungent odor.
Methacrylic acid is Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Flash point of Methacrylic acid is 170 °F.
Melting point of Methacrylic acid is 61 °F.


Methacrylic acid May polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated.
If the polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may rupture violently.

Methacrylic acid is Less dense than water.
Vapors of Methacrylic acid is heavier than air.
Methacrylic acid is Used to make plastics.


Methacrylic acid is an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.
Methacrylic acid is functionally related to an acrylic acid.
Methacrylic acid is a conjugate acid of a methacrylate.


Methacrylic Acid (MAA) is a functional monomer, an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.
Methacrylic Acid (MAA) reacts as a vinyl compound and as a carboxylic acid.
Methacrylic Acid (MAA) easily undergoes polymerization and addition reactions.

The copolymers of Methacrylic Acid (MAA) can be prepared with acrylic and methacrylic esters, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, ethylene, and other monomers.


Methacrylic Acid, abbreviated MAA, is an organic compound.
This colorless, viscous liquid is a carboxylic acid with an acrid unpleasant odor.
Methacrylic Acid is soluble in warm water and miscible with most organic solvents.

Methacrylic acid is produced industrially on a large scale as a precursor to its esters, especially methyl methacrylate (MMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
The methacrylates have numerous uses, most notably in the manufacture of polymers with trade names such as Lucite and Plexiglas.
MAA occurs naturally in small amounts in the oil of Roman chamomile.




FEATURES & BENEFITS OF METHACRYLIC ACID:
• Adhesive ability
• Hydrophilic
• Water solubility
• Required rheological properties


APPLICATIONS AREAS OF METHACRYLIC ACID:
Polymethacrylic Acid (PMAA) and Methacrylic Acid (MAA) copolymers are used in pulp and paper, paint and varnish, textile, medicine, in the petrochemical field and oil production as binders, film-forming agents, thickeners, adhesives, drilling reagents, dressing preparations, etc.
Methacrylic Acid (MAA) copolymers are used in the manufacture of ion exchange resins and superabsorbents.


Methacrylic Acid (MAA) is used to synthesize its esters and salts.
Methacrylic Acid is applied in the production of:
• Coatings
• Pulp & Paper
• Paint & Varnishes
• Adhesives & Sealants
• Leather & Textile
• Film-forming agents
• Thickeners
• Lubricants
• Materials used in medicine
• Plastics
• Oilfield
• Drilling agents
• Dressing preparations




PRODUCTION OF METHACRYLIC ACID:
In the most common route, methacrylic acid is prepared from acetone cyanohydrin, which is converted to methacrylamide sulfate using sulfuric acid.
This derivative in turn is hydrolyzed to methacrylic acid, or esterified to methyl methacrylate in one step. Another route to methacrylic acid starts with isobutylene, which obtainable by dehydration of tert-butanol. Isobutylene is oxidized sequentially to methacrolein and then methacrylic acid.
Methacrolein for this purpose can also be obtained from formaldehyde and ethylene.

Yet a third route involves the dehydrogenation of Isobutyric acid.
Various green routes have been explored but they have not been commercialized.
Specifically, the decarboxylation of itaconic acid, citraconic acid, and mesaconic acids affords methacrylic acid.

Salts of methacrylic acid have been obtained by boiling citra- or meso-brompyrotartaric acids with alkalis.
Pyrolysis of ethyl methacrylate efficiently gives methacrylic acid.


USES AND OCCURRENCE OF METHACRYLIC ACID:
The main use of methacrylic acid is its polymerization to poly(methyl methacrylate).
Methacrylic acid is used in some nail primers to help acrylic nails adhere to the nail plate.
Copolymers consisting partially of methacrylic acid are used in certain types of tablet coatings in order to slow the tablet's dissolution in the digestive tract, and thus extend or delay the release of the active ingredient.
MAA occurs naturally in small amounts in the oil of Roman chamomile.


REACTIONS OF METHACRYLIC ACID:
For a commercial applications, MMA is polymerized using azobisisobutyronitrile as a thermally activated free-radical catalyst.
Otherwise, MMA is relatively slow to polymerize thermally or photochemically.

Methacrylic acid undergoes several reactions characteristic of alpha,beta-unsaturated acids (see acrylic acid).

These reactions include the Diels–Alder reaction and Michael additions.
Esterifications are brought about by acid-catalyzed condensations with alcohols, alkylations with certain alkenes, and transesterifications.

Epoxide ring-opening gives hydroxyalkyl esters.
Sodium amalgam reduces it to isobutyric acid. A polymeric form of methacrylic acid was described in 1880



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METHACRYLIC ACID:
Chemical formula, C4H6O2
Molar mass, 86.09 g/mol
Appearance, Colorless liquid
Odor, Acrid, repulsive
Density, 1.015 g/cm3
Melting point, 14 to 15 °C (57 to 59 °F; 287 to 288 K)
Boiling point, 161 °C (322 °F; 434 K)
Solubility in water, 9% (25 °C)
Vapor pressure, 0.7 mmHg (20 °C)
Molecular Weight
86.09 g/mol
XLogP3
0.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
2
Rotatable Bond Count
1
Exact Mass
86.036779430 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
86.036779430 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
37.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count
6
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
83.5
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Chemical nameMETHACRYLIC ACID, (MAA)
Chemical formula
CH2=C(CH3)-COOH
Concentration
Methacrylic acid 99.9% or greater (Normal concentration 100%)
Inhibitor230∼270 ppm MEHQ
CAS Number79-41-4
EINECS #201-204-4
Purity
min 99.9%
Acid Value
min 99.9%
Water content
max 0.05%
Color APHA
max 30
Physical Properties:
Appearance
Clear, colorless
Physical form
Liquid at >13°C
Odor
Pungent
Molecular weight
86 g/mol
Density
1.02 g/cm3 at 20°C
Boiling Point
163 °C
Freezing Point
16°C
Flash point
68 °C
Melting Point
16 °C
Viscosity
1.34cp at 25 °C
Vapor Point
133.3Pa 1mmHg at 25.5 °C
Color according to color reference solution Ph.Eur., colorless liquid
Assay (GC, area%), ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C), 1.013 - 1.015
Identity (IR), passes test
Melting point, 12-16 °C (lit.)
Boiling point, 163 °C (lit.)
Density, 1.015 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density, >3 (vs air)
vapor pressure, 1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index, n20/D 1.431(lit.)
Flash point, 170 °F
storage temp., Store at +15°C to +25°C.
solubility, Chloroform, Methanol (Slightly)
form, Liquid
pka, pK1:4.66 (25°C)
color, Clear
Odor, Repulsive
PH, 2.0-2.2 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit, 1.6-8.7%(V)
Viscosity, 1.36mm2/s
Water Solubility, 9.7 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Sensitive, Moisture & Light Sensitive
Merck, 14,5941
BRN, 1719937
Exposure limits, TLV-TWA 20 ppm (～70 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
Stability, May be stabilized by the addition of MEHQ (Hydroquinone methyl ether, ca. 250 ppm) or hydroquinone. In the absence of a stabilizer this material will readily polymerize. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, hydrochloric acid.
InChIKey, CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP, 0.93 at 22℃





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT METHACRYLIC ACID:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product




SYNONYMS OF METHACRYLIC ACID:
2-methylacrylic acid
methacrylic acid
methacrylic acid, calcium salt
methacrylic acid, sodium salt
sodium methacrylate
METHACRYLIC ACID
79-41-4
2-Methylacrylic acid
2-methylprop-2-enoic acid
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-
Methylacrylic acid
2-Methylpropenoic acid
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
alpha-Methylacrylic acid
2-Methylenepropionic acid
alpha-Methacrylic acid
Propionic acid, 2-methylene-
Acrylic acid, 2-methyl-
Kyselina methakrylova
Methacrylsaeure
Methakrylsaeure
25087-26-7
Acido metacrilico
Acide methacrylique
2-Methylpropensaeure
NSC 7393
CCRIS 5925
HSDB 2649
EINECS 201-204-4
BRN 1719937
DTXSID3025542
UNII-1CS02G8656
CHEBI:25219
2-Methyl-acrylic acid
AI3-15724
METHACRYLIC AC ID
NSC-7393
.alpha.-Methacrylic acid
.alpha.-Methylacrylic acid
1CS02G8656
DTXCID505542
NSC7393
EC 201-204-4
4-02-00-01518 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
2-Methacrylic Acid
methacrylicacid
Propenoic acid, 2-methyl
Acido metacrilico [Spanish]
Acide methacrylique [French]
Kyselina methakrylova [Czech]
UN2531
Methacrylic acid (glacial)
Methacrylic acid (inhibited)
Methyl acrylic acid
No Lift Nails Primer
Methacrylic acid glacial
CH2=C(CH3)COOH
Methacrylic acid, inhibited
Methacrylic acid, stabilized
WLN: QVY1&U1
UN 2531 (Salt/Mix)
METHACRYLIC ACID [MI]
METHACRYLIC ACID [HSDB]
METHACRYLIC ACID [INCI]
CHEMBL1213531
METHACRYLIC ACID [WHO-DD]
STR02118
Tox21_200826
BBL011616
GE 110
MFCD00002651
STL163339
PROPENIONIC ACID, 2-METHYLENE
AKOS000121138
CAS-79-41-4
Methacrylic acid, inhibited (Salt/Mix)
NCGC00248843-01
NCGC00258380-01
BP-30227
BP-31229
FT-0613003
M0079
EN300-24829
Methacrylic acid, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
Q165949
J-521686
Methacrylic acid, inhibited [UN2531] [Corrosive]
InChI=1/C4H6O2/c1-3(2)4(5)6/h1H2,2H3,(H,5,6
Methacrylic acid, contains 250 ppm MEHQ as inhibitor, 99%
25068-55-7

Methacrylic Acid; MAA; 2-Methylenepropionic Acid; 2-Methacrylic acid; 2-Methyl-2-propenoic Acid; Acide methacrylique; Acido metacrilico; alpha-Methylacrylic acid; Kyselina methakrylova cas no: 79-41-4

FORMALDEHYDE, N° CAS : 50-00-0 - Méthanal / Formol, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : FORMALDEHYDE, Nom chimique : Formaldehyde, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-001-8, Additif alimentaire : E240, Ses fonctions (INCI). Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes

METHANE SULPHONIC ACID; MSA, Sulphomethane; Acide methanesulfonique; Acide methanesulfonique, Kyselina methansulfonova; Methylsulphonic acid; ácido metanosulfónico; Methansulfonsäure; cas no: 75-75-2

Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid belonging to the family of carboxylic acids.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.


CAS Number: 141-82-2
EC Number: 205-503-0
MDL number: MFCD00002707
Linear Formula: CH2(COOH)2
Molecular Formula: C3H4O4


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a white crystalline substance that quickly dissolves in water and oxygenated solutions.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has a breakdown temperature of 135 °C.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s ionized form, esters and salts are known as malonates, such as the diethyl malonate, which is malonic acid’s diethyl ester.


The molecular weight of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 104.061 g/mol, and its density is 1.619g/cm3.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s melting point is 135 to 137°C and it decomposes above the boiling point of 140°C.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) or propanedioic acid is the second smallest aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with oxalic acid being the smallest.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can be confused with maleic or malic acid as both contain two carboxyl groups, but it is different.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) differs from these two acids in terms of properties, structure, etc.
The name of this acid is derived from the Greek word Malon which means apple.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) on heating gives acetic acid.
French Chemist Victor Dessaignes was the first person to prepare this acid in 1858 by oxidation of malic acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s name originated from the Greek word Malon which means Apple.


This is because malonic or propanedioic acid is found in some fruits.
Greater concentrations of this acid in citrus are found in fruits generated in organic farming compared to fruits generated in conventional farming.
In 2004, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) was listed by the US Department of Energy as one of the top 30 chemicals to be produced from biomass.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid belonging to the family of carboxylic acids.
A dicarboxylic acid contains two carboxylic acid functional groups.
Usually, a dicarboxylic acid exhibits the same chemical behavior as monocarboxylic acids.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) naturally occurs in certain fruits.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a useful organic compound with various benefits.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s IUPAC name is propanedioic acid.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) should not be confused with malic or maleic acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), also known as malonate or H2MALO, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.


These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.


Within humans, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) and acetic acid can be converted into acetoacetic acid; which is mediated by the enzyme fatty acid synthase.


Beta ketoacyl synthase domain: In addition, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)and coenzyme A can be biosynthesized from malonyl-CoA through its interaction with the enzyme fatty acid synthase.
malonyl/acetyl transferase domain: An Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.


In humans, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Outside of the human body, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as red beetroots, corns, scarlet beans, common beets, and cow milks.


This could make Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as eosinophilic esophagitis, combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria, and early preeclampsia; Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.
These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.


The ionized form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s diethyl ester.
The name originates from the Greek word μλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), or propanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid that forms a solid at room temperature.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) sublimes in vacuum.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals or crystalline powder. Sublimes in vacuum.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has a role as a human metabolite.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a lipid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a conjugate acid of a malonate(1-).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.


The ionized form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s diethyl ester.
The name originates from the Greek word μᾶλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionised form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.


The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (IUPAC systematic name: Propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionised form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.


For example, diethyl malonate is Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.
The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is the archetypal example of a competitive inhibitor: Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has a role as a human metabolite.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a conjugate acid of a malonate(1-).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid used as a precursor to certain polyesters and is a component in alkyd resins.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structural formula CH2(COOH)2 and chemical formula C3H4O4.


The name Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) originated from the word ‘Malon’ which is Greek for ‘apple’.
The IUPAC name of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is Propanedioic acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic acid is another name for Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).


The ester and salts of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) are called malonates.
The dicarboxylic acid has organic reactions similar to the monocarboxylic acid where amide, ester, anhydride, and chloride derivatives are formed.
Lastly, the malonic ester malonate as a coenzyme A derivative malonyl CoA that is as important a precursor as Acetyl CoA in the biosynthesis of fatty acids.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has a white crystal or crystalline powder structure.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is naturally occurring and can be found in many vegetables, fruits.
The dicarboxylic acid compound was first prepared by Victor Dessaignes by the oxidation reaction of malic acid.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionized form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s diethyl ester.


The name originates from the Greek word μᾶλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (MA), also known as propanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has three kinds of crystal forms, of which two are triclinic, and one is monoclinic.


That crystallized from ethanol is white triclinic crystals.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes to acetic acid and carbon dioxide at 140℃.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) does not decompose at 1.067×103~1.333×103Pa vacuum, but directly sublimates.


The ionised form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.
The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has a role as a human metabolite.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a conjugate acid of a malonate(1-).


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) sublimes in vacuum.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is water soluble.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C3H4O4 and the structural formula CH2(COOH)2.
The word 'malonic acid' comes from the Greek word ‘malon', which means 'apple.'
Propanedioic acid is the IUPAC designation for Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also known as Methane Dicarboxylic acid.
Malonates are the ester and salts of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
The organic reactions of the Dicarboxylic acid are identical to those of the Monocarboxylic acid, with the formation of amide, ester, anhydride, and chloride derivatives.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is the prototypical competitive inhibitor, acting against succinate dehydrogenase in the respiratory electron transport chain.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), also known as Carboxyacetic Acid, Dicarboxymethane, and Propanedioic Acid has the chemical formula C3H4O4.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in Water, Ether, and Alcohol.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) emits irritating fumes and acrid smoke.


Propanedioic acid, or Dicarboxymethane, is another name for Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
The name Malon is taken from a Greek word that means apple.
Malonates, as well as their esters and salts, are the ionized form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).


Alcohol, pyridine, and ether dissolve in Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
By oxidizing Malic acid, the French scientist Victor Dessaignes created Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) for the first time in 1858. Some fruits, such as citrus fruits, contain Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).


The quantity of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) generated by organically cultivated fruits is higher than that produced by conventionally grown fruits.
Glucose fermentation may be used to make Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a crystalline powder or a white crystal.



USES and APPLICATIONS of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a precursor to specialty polyesters.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can be converted into 1,3-propanediol for use in polyesters and polymers (whose usefulness is unclear though).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a common intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry and is frequently used in veterinary medicine.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also used as a flavouring agent in certain foods.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can also be a component in alkyd resins, which are used in a number of coatings applications for protecting against damage caused by UV light, oxidation, and corrosion.


One application of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is in the coatings industry as a crosslinker for low-temperature cure powder coatings, which are becoming increasingly valuable for heat sensitive substrates and a desire to speed up the coatings process.
The global coatings market for automobiles was estimated to be $18.59 billion in 2014 with projected combined annual growth rate of 5.1% through 2022.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in a number of manufacturing processes as a high value specialty chemical including the electronics industry, flavors and fragrances industry, specialty solvents, polymer crosslinking, and pharmaceutical industry.
In 2004, annual global production of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) and related diesters was over 20,000 metric tons.


Potential growth of these markets could result from advances in industrial biotechnology that seeks to displace petroleum-based chemicals in industrial applications.
In food and drug applications, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can be used to control acidity, either as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulation or natural preservative additive for foods.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a building block chemical to produce numerous valuable compounds, including the flavor and fragrance compounds gamma-nonalactone, cinnamic acid, and the pharmaceutical compound valproate.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) (up to 37.5% w/w) has been used to cross-link corn and potato starches to produce a biodegradable thermoplastic; the process is performed in water using non-toxic catalysts.


Starch-based polymers comprised 38% of the global biodegradable polymers market in 2014 with food packaging, foam packaging, and compost bags as the largest end-use segments.
This dicarboxylic acid, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), finds application across various industries, including automobiles, food, fragrance, and pharmaceuticals.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a precursor in polyester and other polymers.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a flavoring agent in the fragrance industry.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is suitable for controlling acidity.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) finds usage in pharmaceutical products.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the manufacture of biodegradable containers.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also a component of surgical adhesives.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) serves as a cross-linking agent between cornstarch and potato starch to enhance its properties.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used for the preparation of barbituric salt.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in electroplating.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the production of vitamins– B1, B6, B2, and amino acids.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can also be used as a component in alkyd resins.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is widely used in several coating applications to protect objects against UV light damage, oxidation, and corrosion.


A common application of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is as a crosslinker for low-temperature powder coatings.
These are valuable for heat-sensitive substrates.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is on the US Department of Energy’s list of top chemicals for biomass production.


In food and drug applications, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a natural preservative additive for foods.
Its therapeutic uses include the prevention of resorption of bone tissue in broiler chicks by adding Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) to feed.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) and its esters are mainly used in pharmaceutical intermediates, spices, adhesives, resin additives, electroplating polishing agents, thermal welding flux additives, and other aspects.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a complexing agent and also in the preparation of barbiturate salts.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an intermediate of the fungicide rice blast and the plant growth regulator indole ester.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce Ruminal, Barbital, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6, Phenylbutazone, Amino Acids, etc


As a surface treatment agent for aluminum, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) only generates water and carbon dioxide during thermal decomposition, so there is no pollution problem.
In this regard, compared with acid type treatment agents such as formic acid used in the past, it has great advantages.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of barbiturates and other pharmaceuticals.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a component used as a stabilizer in many high-end cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also used as building block in chemical synthesis, specifically to introduce the molecular group -CH2-COOH.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used for the introduction of an acetic acid moiety under mild conditions by Knoevenagel condensation and subsequent decarboxylation.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is acts as a building block in organic synthesis.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which is used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used for the preparation of cinnamic acid, a compound used for the formation of cin metacin which is an anti-inflammatory.


The malonates are used in syntheses of B1 and B6, barbiturates, and several other valuable compounds.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in cosmetics as a buffering and as a flavouring agent in food.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a component of alkyd resins, used in coating applications to protect from UV rays, oxidation, and corrosion.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a precursor for conversion to 1,3-propanediol, which is a compound used in polyesters and polymers with the huge market size.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a building block to many valuable compounds in food and drug applications, pharmaceutical, electronics industry, fragrances, specialty polymer, specialty solvents, and many more.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used Plating agent, Surface treating agent, Intermediate, Buffer, and Cross-linking agent.
Commercial/Industrial Applications of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid): Laboratory chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, and Paint industry.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a building block in organic synthesis.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which is used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) and its esters are mainly used in pharmaceutical intermediates, spices, adhesives, resin additives, electroplating polishing agents, thermal welding flux additives, and other aspects.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a complexing agent and also in the preparation of barbiturate salts.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an intermediate of the fungicide rice blast and the plant growth regulator indole ester.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce Ruminal, Barbital, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6, Phenylbutazone, Amino Acids, etc.


As a surface treatment agent for aluminum, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) only generates water and carbon dioxide during thermal decomposition, so there is no pollution problem.
In this regard, compared with acid type treatment agents such as formic acid used in the past, it has great advantages.


Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is utilized as a precursor for the conversion of 1,3-propanediol, a widely used chemical in polyesters and polymers.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is used to make cinnamic acid, which is a chemical that is utilised to make the anti-inflammatory cin metacin.


Malonates are used to make B1 and B6, barbiturates, and a variety of other useful chemicals.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)utilized as a buffering agent in cosmetics and as a flavoring ingredient in food items.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a component of alkyd resins, which are used to protect surfaces against UV radiation, oxidation, and corrosion.


-Biotechnological Applications of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid):
The calcium salt of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) occurs in high concentrations in beetroot.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) exists in its normal state as white crystals.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor: Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.



PROPERTIES OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) molecular weight: 104.061 g.mol-1
The density of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 1.619 g/cm3.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a crystalline powder that is white or colourless.

At the boiling point above 140oC Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes.
The melting point of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 135-137o C.
If heated to decomposition under fire Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) emits carbon oxide fumes and acrid irritating smoke.
Acidity of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is pKa = 2.85 at 25oC. pKa1 = 2.83, pKa2 = 5.69

The molar heat of combustion of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 864 kJ/mol.
The heat of vaporization of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 92 kJ/mol.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in water.
Solubility of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 763 g/L.



METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID) STRUCTURAL FORMULA:
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) Lewis structure has been found by the X-ray crystallography method.
The Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) structure CH2(COOH)2 has two carboxylic acids.
The salts and esters of malonic acid (malonates) have structures similar to Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).



BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), in the respiratory electron transport chain.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, competing with the usual substrate succinate but lacking the ?CH2CH2? group required for dehydrogenation.
This observation was used to deduce the structure of the active site in succinate dehydrogenase.



STRUCTURE OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The X-ray crystallography technique was used to discover the Lewis structure of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has two Carboxylic Acids in its structure CH2(COOH)2.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) salts and esters (malonates) have structures that are comparable to malonic acid.



SIGNIFICANCE OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an example of a competitive inhibitor.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) functions in the ETS chain against succinate dehydrogenase in respiration.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is related to a deficiency of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase that leads to an inborn metabolism mistake.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) serves as a potential biomarker for tracking foods that contain malonic acids.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) finds usage in various industries.



SYNTHESIS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The synthesis of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) usually begins with chloroacetic acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also synthesized by cyanoacetic acid or by acid saponification reaction of malonates.
From monochloroacetic acid, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is produced by sodium or potassium cyanide.

The sodium carbonate primarily breaks down to give sodium salt which reacts with sodium cyanide to give sodium salt of cyanoacetic acid by the process of nucleophilic substitution.
Further, via hydrolyzation, the nitrile group binds with sodium malonate, whose acidification results in the production of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).



PURIFICATION METHODS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Crystallise Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) from *benzene/diethyl ether (1:1) containing 5% of pet ether (b 60-80o), wash with diethyl ether, then recrystallise it from H2O or acetone.
Dry Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) under vacuum over conc H2SO4



METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID) FORMULA:
The Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) formula is C3H4O4.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also called propanedioic acid or dicarboxymethane, and the formula is written as CH₂(COOH)₂.



REACTIONS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In a well - known reaction, malonic acid condenses with urea to form barbituric acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also frequently used as an enolate in Knoevenagel condensations or condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid.
The esters of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) are also used as a - CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.



HISTIRY OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In 1858, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) was prepared for the first time by a French chemist –Victor Dessaignes.
He oxidized malic acid with potassium dichromate, which is a strong oxidizing agent.
Later Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) was found to occur in some fruits viz citrus fruits.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can also be produced by fermenting glucose.



CALCULATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The formula of malonic acid is C3H4O4.
The atomic weight of carbon is 12.011.
The atomic weight of oxygen is 15.999.
The atomic weight of hydrogen is 1.00784.

So, its molar mass can be calculated as follows:
= (3 × 12.011) + (4 × 1.00784) + (4 × 15.999)
= 36.033 + 4. 03136 + 63.996
= 104.06 grams/ mol
Thus, the molar mass or molecular weight of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is 104.061 g/mol.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The chemical properties of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) are as follows:
On Heating
When Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is heated, it gives acetic acid and carbon dioxide.
Reaction with Phosphorus Pentoxide
On heating a dry mixture of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) and phosphorus pentoxide, carbon suboxide is prepared.



PREPARATION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can be prepared with chloroacetic acid (also called mono chloroacetic acid).
Sodium carbonate gives sodium salt.
The salt reacts with sodium cyanide.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction gives rise to cyanoacetic acid salt.

The nitrile group is hydrolyzed with NaOH to produce sodium malonate.
The acidification of sodium malonate gives Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
The following diagram represents the steps mentioned above:

*Industrial Preparation:
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can also be produced by hydrolyzing diethyl malonate or dimethyl malonate.



FORMULA OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C3H4O4 and structural formula CH2(COOH)2
Propanedioic acid is the IUPAC name of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), and another name for the acid is Methane Dicarboxylic acid. Malonates are its esters and salts.
There are three carbons with four hydrogen molecules and four oxygen molecules attached.
The two OH groups are attached with two carbons.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Solubility: Dissolves in alcohol, pyridine, and ether.
Molecular Wt/ Molar Mass: 104.06 g/mol
Density: 1.619 g/cm³
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Melting Point: 135 to 137°C
Nature: Acidic
Color: White
Stability: Usually stable under recommended conditions
Molar heat of combustion: 864 kJ/mol
The heat of vaporization: 92 kJ/mol
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) does not have a chiral center.
So, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) doesn’t exhibit optical isomerism.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a hygroscopic solid that sublimes in a vacuum.



DID YOU KNOW, METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Several food substances contain Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), including:
● Red beetroots
● Corns
● Common beets
● Scarlet beans
● Cow’s milk
Its occurrence in food items makes Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) a potential biomarker indicating the consumption of these foods.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
*1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
*1,3-dicarbonyl compound
*Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a white crystalline solid that decomposes at approximately 135°C.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has high solubility in water and oxygenated solvents and exhibits greater acidity than acetic acid, which has a pK value of 4.75.
The pKa values for the loss of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s first and second protons are 2.83 and 5.69, respectively.

Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is slightly soluble in pyridine.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can decompose to formic acid and carbon dioxide in case of potassium permanganate.
Since Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) generates carbon dioxide and water after heated without pollution problems, it can be directly used as aluminum surface treatment agent.



PREPARATION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is usually produced from chloroacetic acid.



REACTION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The chloroacetic acid is added to the reaction kettle by adding sodium carbonate aqueous solution to generate sodium chloroacetate aqueous solution, and then 30% sodium cyanide solution is slowly added dropwise, and the reaction is carried out at a predetermined temperature to generate sodium cyanoacetate.
After the cyanation reaction is completed, add sodium hydroxide for heating and hydrolysis to generate sodium malonate solution, concentrate, then dropwise add sulfuric acid for acidification to generate Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), filter and dry to obtain the product.



PREPARATION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID) FROM CHLOROACETIC ACID:
This method often does not produce a pure enough product or the pure product has an extremely low yield.
Industrially, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also produced by hydrolyzing dimethyl malonate or diethyl malonate.
This manufacturing method is able to bring about a higher yield and purity, but the organic synthesis of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) through these processes is extremely costly and environmentally hazardous.



RELATED COMPOUNDS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
*Other anions
Malonate
*Related carboxylic acids
Oxalic acid
Propionic acid
Succinic acid
Fumaric acid
*Related compounds
Malondialdehyde
Dimethyl malonate



PATHOLOGY OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
If elevated Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) levels are accompanied by elevated methylmalonic acid levels, this may indicate the metabolic disease combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA).
By calculating the Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) to methylmalonic acid ratio in blood plasma, CMAMMA can be distinguished from classic methylmalonic acidemia.



BIOCHEMISTRY OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), in the respiratory electron transport chain.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, competing with the usual substrate succinate but lacking the −CH2CH2− group required for dehydrogenation.

This observation was used to deduce the structure of the active site in succinate dehydrogenase.
Inhibition of this enzyme decreases cellular respiration.
Since Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a natural component of many foods, it is present in mammals including humans.



RELATED CHEMICALS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The fluorinated version of malonic acide is difluoromalonic acid
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is diprotic; that is, it can donate two protons per molecule.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)'s first is 2.8 and the second is 5.7.
Thus the malonate ion can be HOOCCH2COO− or CH2(COO)2−2.

Malonate or propanedioate compounds include salts and esters of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid), such as:
*Diethyl malonate
*Dimethyl malonate
*Disodium malonate
*Malonyl-CoA



ORGANIC REACTIONS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) reacts as a typical carboxylic acid: forming amide, ester, anhydride, and chloride derivatives.
Malonic anhydride can be used as an intermediate to mono-ester or amide derivatives, while malonyl chloride is most useful to obtain diesters or diamides.

In a well-known reaction, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to form barbituric acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) may also be condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid, a versatile intermediate in further transformations.
The esters of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) are also used as a −CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.

Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is the starting substrate of mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFASII), in which it is converted to malonyl-CoA by malonyl-CoA synthetase (ACSF3).

Additionally, the coenzyme A derivative of malonate, malonyl-CoA, is an important precursor in cytosolic fatty acid biosynthesis along with acetyl CoA.
Malonyl CoA is formed there from acetyl CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the malonate is transferred to an acyl carrier protein to be added to a fatty acid chain.

Briggs–Rauscher reaction
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a key component in the Briggs–Rauscher reaction, the classic example of an oscillating chemical reaction.



KNOEVENAGEL CONDENSATION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In Knoevenagel condensation, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) or its diesters are reacted with the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone, followed by a dehydration reaction.
Z=COOH (Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)) or Z=COOR' (malonate ester)

When Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) itself is used, it is normally because the desired product is one in which a second step has occurred, with loss of carbon dioxide, in the so-called Doebner modification.
The Doebner modification of the Knoevenagel condensation.
Thus, for example, the reaction product of acrolein and Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) in pyridine is trans-2,4-Pentadienoic acid with one carboxylic acid group and not two.



PREPARATION OF CARBON SUBOXIDE FROM METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Carbon suboxide is prepared by warming a dry mixture of phosphorus pentoxide (P4O10) and Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) reacts in a similar way to malonic anhydride, forming malonates.



BIOCHEMISTRY OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The calcium salt of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) occurs in high concentrations in beetroot.
It exists in its normal state as white crystals.



ORGANIC SYNTHESIS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
A classical preparation of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) starts from acetic acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is chlorinated to chloroacetic acid.
Sodium carbonate generates the sodium salt which is then reacted with sodium cyanide to the cyano acetic acid salt in a nucleophilic substitution.
The nitrile group can be hydrolysed with sodium hydroxide to sodium malonate and acidification affords Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).



ORGANIC REACTIONS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In a well known reaction Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to barbituric acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is frequently used as an enolate in Knoevenagel condensations or condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid.
Its esters are also used for the -CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.



SYNTHESIS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Chloroacetic acid is generally used to start the production of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) can also be made from cyanoacetic acid or the acid saponification of malonates.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is made from monochloroacetic acid and sodium or potassium cyanide.
By the process of Nucleophilic Substitution, sodium carbonate breaks down to provide sodium salt, which combines with sodium cyanide to give sodium salt of cyanoacetic acid.
Furthermore, the nitrile group attaches to sodium malonate through hydrolysis, resulting in the formation of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).



STRUCTURE AND PREPARATION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The structure of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has been determined by X-ray crystallography and extensive property data including for condensed phase thermochemistry are available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
A classical preparation of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) starts from chloroacetic acid:


*Preparation of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) from chloroacetic acid:
Sodium carbonate generates the sodium salt, which is then reacted with sodium cyanide to provide the sodium salt of cyanoacetic acid via a nucleophilic substitution.
The nitrile group can be hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to sodium malonate, and acidification affords Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid).
Industrially, however, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is produced by hydrolysis of dimethyl malonate or diethyl malonate.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid)has also been produced through fermentation of glucose.



OCCURRENCE OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an organic compound naturally found in some fruits.
Fruits produced in organic farming have greater concentrations of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) than those generated from conventional farming practices.

Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is often found in some citrus fruits and vegetables.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a component of food items, it is present in animals, including humans.

The name of this acid is derived from the Greek word Malon.
It means apple.
The ionized form of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is malonate, along with its salts and esters.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) occurs as a white crystal or crystalline powder in nature.



HISTORY OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a naturally occurring substance found in many fruits and vegetables.
There is a suggestion that citrus fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) was first prepared in 1858 by the French chemist Victor Dessaignes via the oxidation of malic acid.



DECOMPOSITION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) has hazardous decomposition products under fire conditions, including carbon oxides.
Also, when heated, Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes and emits acrid smoke in addition to irritating fumes.



ORGANIC REACTIONS OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) reactions are usually similar to a typical carboxylic acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) forms amide, anhydrides, esters, and chloride derivatives on reacting with specific reactants.
Malonic anhydride serves as an intermediate in the formation of amide derivatives.

Malonyl chloride is widely used for obtaining diamides or diesters.
Some of the popular organic reactions involving Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) are as follows:
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to give barbituric acid.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) also condenses with acetone to produce Meldrum’s acid.

Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a versatile intermediate and helps in further transformations.
Malonate’s coenzyme A derivative— malonyl-CoA, acts as an important precursor in fatty acid biosynthesis.
It is formed from acetyl CoA when it is acted upon by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
The malonate gets transferred to an acyl carrier protein for its addition to the fatty acid chain.



BRIGGS-RAUSCHER REACTION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
A popular name reaction has Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) as its key component.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is an example of an oscillating chemical reaction.



KNOEVENAGEL CONDENSATION OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The reaction is a modification of the aldol condensation reaction (the reaction between benzaldehyde and acetophenone).
It involves the interaction of Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) or its diesters with the carbonyl group of a ketone or an aldehyde.
This process is followed by a dehydration reaction.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is a carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them.
They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.

Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat.
Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt.
Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water.

Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions.
The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0.
Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt.

Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry.
Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in it to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.

Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids.
Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.

Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides.
Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.

Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat.
Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents.
These reactions generate heat.

A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is incompatible with strong oxidizers.
Methane Dicarboxylic Acid (Malonic Acid) is also incompatible with bases and reducing agents.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
CAS Number: 141-82-2
Molecular Weight: 104.06
Beilstein: 1751370
MDL number: MFCD00002707
Molecular Weight: 104.06 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 104.01095860 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.01095860 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 83.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: >= 135 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 215 °C at 18,66 hPa (decomposition)
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 157 °C - c.c.
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 140 °C
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 766 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -0,81 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,002 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1,6 g/cm3

Relative density: 1,03 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
CAS Number: 141-82-2
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7) check
Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7)
Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYAJ
SMILES: O=C(O)CC(O)=O
C(C(=O)O)C(=O)O
Chemical formula: C3H4O4
Molar mass: 104.061 g·mol−1
Density: 1.619 g/cm3
Melting point: 135 to 137 °C (275 to 279 °F; 408 to 410 K) (decomposes)
Boiling point: decomposes
Solubility in water: 763 g/L
Acidity (pKa): pKa1 = 2.83

pKa2 = 5.69
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -46.3·10−6 cm3/mol
Chemical Formula: C3H4O4
Average Molecular Weight: 104.0615
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 104.010958616
IUPAC Name: propanedioic acid
Traditional Name: malonic acid
CAS Registry Number: 141-82-2
SMILES: OC(=O)CC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7)
InChI Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight： 104.06100
Exact Mass： 104.06
EC Number： 205-503-0
UNII： 9KX7ZMG0MK
ICSC Number： 1085
NSC Number： 8124
DSSTox ID： DTXSID7021659
Color/Form： White crystals|Crystalline powder
Colorless hygroscopic solid which sublimes in vacuum
HScode： 2917190090
PSA： 74.60000
XLogP3： -0.8

Appearance： Malonic acid appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Sublimes in vacuum.
Density： 1.6 g/cm3
Melting Point： 135 °C (decomp)
Boiling Point: 215 °C @ Press: 14 Torr
Flash Point： 201.9ºC
Refractive Index： 1.479
Water Solubility： H2O: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions： Store at RT.
Vapor Pressure： 4.66E-07mmHg at 25°C
PKA： 2.85(at 25 °C)
Dissociation Constants： 2.85 (at 25 °C)|pKa1 = 2.8, pKa2 = 5.7 at 25 °C
Experimental Properties：
Enthalpy of Sublimation: 72.7 kJ/mol at 306 deg K, 108.0 kJ/mol at 348 deg K
Henry's Law constant = 4.8X10-13 atm-cu m/mole at 23 °C
(estimated from vapor pressure and water solubility)
Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.6X10-12 cu-cm/molc sec at 25 °C (est)
Air and Water Reactions： Water soluble.
Reactive Group： Acids, Carboxylic
Heat of Combustion： Molar heat of combustion: 864 kJ/mol

Heat of Vaporization： 92 kJ/mol
Critical Temperature & Pressure：
Critical temperature: 805 K (estimated);
critical pressure: 5640 kPa (estimated)
CAS: 141-82-2
Molecular Formula: C3H4O4
Molecular weight: 104.06
EINECS: 205-503-0
Purity: ≥99%
Appearance: White crystal powder
Melting point: 132-135 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 140ºC(decomposition)
Density: 1.619 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Refractive index: 1.478
Flash Point: 157°C
Storage condition: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility : 1 M NaOH: soluble100mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to faintly yellow
Pka: 2.83(at 25ºC)
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
HS Code: 29171910
PH: 3.17(1 mM solution);2.5(10 mM solution);
1.94(100 mM solution)

MDL: MFCD00002707
Water Solubility: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Vapor Presure: 0-0.2Pa at 25ºC
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Character: white crystal.
soluble in water, soluble in ethanol and ether, pyridine.
Color: White
Formula Weight: 104.1
Percent Purity: 0.99
Physical Form: Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Malonic acid
Melting point: 132-135 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 140℃（decomposition）
Density: 1.619 g/cm3 at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 0-0.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4780
Flash point: 157°C
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: 1 M NaOH: soluble100mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to faintly yellow
form: Liquid

pka: 2.83(at 25℃)
color: White
PH: 3.17(1 mM solution);2.5(10 mM solution);1.94(100 mM solution)
Water Solubility: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,5710
BRN: 1751370
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
InChIKey: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.81
CAS DataBase Reference: 141-82-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 9KX7ZMG0MK
NIST Chemistry Reference: Malonic acid(141-82-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Propanedioic acid (141-82-2)



FIRST AID MEASURES of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Description of first-aid measures
-General advice
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water
system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of METHANE DICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
1,3-Propanedioic acid
Carboxyacetic acid
Dicarboxymethane
Methanedicarboxylic acid
Propanedioic acid
malonic acid
propanedioic acid
141-82-2
Dicarboxymethane
Carboxyacetic acid
Methanedicarboxylic acid
malonate
Kyselina malonova
USAF EK-695
1,3-Propanedioic acid
Dicarboxylate
Malonicacid
Dicarboxylic acid
NSC 8124
UNII-9KX7ZMG0MK
9KX7ZMG0MK
AI3-15375
H2malo
EINECS 205-503-0
MFCD00002707
BRN 1751370
Methanedicarbonic acid
CHEBI:30794
Thallium malonate
HOOC-CH2-COOH
NSC-8124
Propane-1,3-dioic acid
alpha,omega-Dicarboxylic acid
DTXSID7021659
HSDB 8437
NSC8124
4-02-00-01874 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
1,3-Propanoic acid
PROPANEDIOLIC ACID
METAHNEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
C3H4O4
2fah
MLI
Malonic acid, 99%
Malonic acid (8CI)
1o4m
Malonate dicarboxylic acid
Malonic acid, 99.5%
Propanedioic acid (9CI)
SCHEMBL336
WLN: QV1VQ
MALONIC ACID [MI]
CH2(COOH)2
CHEMBL7942
MALONIC ACID [INCI]
DTXCID401659
SCHEMBL1471092
BDBM14673
Propanedioic acid dithallium salt
Malonic acid, analytical standard
AMY11201
BCP05571
STR00614
Tox21_200534
AC8295
LMFA01170041
s3029
Malonic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
AKOS000119034
CS-W019962
DB02175
PROPANEDIOIC ACID MALONIC ACID
NCGC00248681-01
NCGC00258088-01
BP-11453
CAS-141-82-2
SY001875
Malonic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
FT-0628127
FT-0628128
FT-0690260
FT-0693474
M0028
EN300-18457
Malonic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
C00383
C02028
C04025
Q421972
J-521669
Z57965450
F1908-0177
Malonic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
592A9849-68C3-4635-AA3D-CBC44965EA3A
Malonic acid, sublimed grade, >=99.95% trace metals basis
DICARBOXYLIC ACID C3
PROPANEDIOLIC ACID
METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
InChI=1/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7
Malonic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%
LML
Propanedioic acid
Methanedicarboxylic acid
H2Malo
HOOC-CH2-COOH
Propanedioic acid
Propanedioate
Malonate
alpha,Omega-dicarboxylic acid
Carboxyacetic acid
Dicarboxylate
Dicarboxylic acid
Dicarboxymethane
Kyselina malonova
Malonate dicarboxylic acid
Metahnedicarboxylic acid
Methanedicarbonic acid
Methanedicarboxylic acid
Propanedioic acid dithallium salt
Propanediolic acid
Thallium malonate
Malonic acid, 2-(14)C-labeled
Malonic acid, monocalcium salt
Malonic acid, 1,3-(14)C2-labeled
Malonic acid, diammonium salt
Malonic acid, disodium salt
Malonic acid, dithallium salt
Malonic acid, dipotassium salt
Malonic acid, disodium salt, 1-(14)C-labeled
Malonic acid, monosodium salt
Malonic acid, potassium salt
Malonic acid, sodium salt
Thallous malonate
Dithallium malonate
Monosodium malonate
Malonic acid
Malonic acid
Carboxyacetic acid
Dicarboxymethane
Methanedicarboxylic acid
CH2(COOH)2
USAF EK-695
Kyselina malonova
Methanedicarbonic acid
NSC 8124
Propanedioic acid
Malonic acid
Carboxyacetic acid
Dicarboxymethane
Methanedicarboxylic acid
1,3-Propanedioic acid
NSC 8124
Malonates
211863-95-5
alpha,Omega-dicarboxylic acid
Carboxyacetic acid
Dicarboxylate
Dicarboxylic acid
Dicarboxymethane
H2Malo
HOOC-CH2-COOH
Kyselina malonova
Malonate
Malonate dicarboxylic acid
Malonic acid, 1,3-(14)C2-labeled
Malonic acid, 2-(14)C-labeled
Malonic acid, diammonium salt
Malonic acid, dipotassium salt
Malonic acid, disodium salt
Malonic acid, disodium salt, 1-(14)C-labeled
Malonic acid, dithallium salt
Malonic acid, monocalcium salt
Malonic acid, monosodium salt
Malonic acid, potassium salt
Malonic acid, sodium salt
Metahnedicarboxylic acid
Methanedicarbonic acid
Methanedicarboxylic acid
Propanedioate
Propanedioic acid
Propanedioic acid dithallium salt
Propanediolic acid
Thallium malonate
Thallous malonate
Dithallium malonate
Monosodium malonate
Malonic acid
PROPANEDIOIC ACID
MAAC
Daucic acid
CH2(COOH)2
Methane acid
Propandioic acid
Methanedicarbonic acid
METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
MALONIC ACID
Malonsure
Propanedioic acid
Malonic acid
Carboxyacetic acid
Dicarboxymethane
Methanedicarboxylic acid
CH2(COOH)2
usaf ek-695
Kyselina malonova
Methanedicarbonic acid
Malonic acid
Propanedioic acid
Carboxy Acetic acid
Dicarboxymethane
Methane dicarboxylic acid
Dicarboxylate
Dicarboxylic acid
1,3-Propanedioic acid
Methane dicarbonic acid
Propane-1,3-dioic acid

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a strong organic acid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a colorless liquid and is miscible with water and many organic solvents.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is often encountered in its solution form, and the term "MSA 70%" refers to a solution where the MSA is present at a concentration of 70%.

CAS Number: 75-75-2
EC Number: 200-898-6

MSA, Methanesulfonic acid, Methylsulfonic acid, Methanesulphonic acid, Methylsulphonic acid, MSIA, Sulfonmethane, Sulphonic acid, methane, Sulfonic acid, methyl, Caromet, Methansulfonic acid, Methanesulfonate, Monomethyl sulfonic acid, Mesylic acid, C1 Sulfonate, C1-sulfonate, Aci-jel, Mesylicum, Mesylsaeure, Sulfonic acid, C1, C1-sulfonic acid, MSA (acid), C1-sulfuric acid, Carerite FA, Methylsulfonate, Methansulfonate, Methyl sulfuric acid, Sulfonic acid (C1), Ameisensaeure, C1 sulfonic acid, Carerite FA-80, Methyl sulfonic acid, Methane sulphonic acid, Carerite MSA, C1 Sulfonic acid, Sulfonic acid, C1-4, Carerite FA 1:1, Mesylic acid, anhydrous, Ameisensaeure (German), Sulfonic acid (C1-4), Aci-jel solution, Mesylate, Carerite FA 1:1 solution, Carerite FA solution, Ameisensaeure (German), C1-Sulfonic acid, Methanesulphonic acid, monohydrate, Carerite MSA 80, Methanesulfonic acid, solution, Mesylic acid, monohydrate, Carerite FA-80 solution, Ameisensaeure (German), Carerite FA-80 solution, C1-Sulfuric acid, Methanesulphonic acid, 70% solution, Methylsulfonic acid, 70% solution, MSA, 70% solution, Methanesulphonic acid, solution, Methanesulfonic acid, 70% solution, Methylsulfonic acid, 70% solution



APPLICATIONS


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is commonly used as a catalyst in organic synthesis reactions, promoting various chemical transformations.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as an acid catalyst in esterification processes, facilitating the formation of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the production of pharmaceuticals, where it plays a crucial role in synthesizing key intermediates.

In the field of polymerization, MSA is utilized as a catalyst to initiate polymer chain reactions, particularly in the synthesis of specialty polymers.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the synthesis of fine chemicals, contributing to the development of high-value compounds.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used as a strong acid in certain electrophilic substitution reactions, enhancing reaction rates and selectivity.
In electroplating processes, MSA serves as an additive in electrolytes, aiding in the deposition of metal coatings on surfaces.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed as a corrosion inhibitor in various industrial processes, protecting metals from degradation in corrosive environments.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the production of surfactants and detergents, contributing to the formulation of cleaning agents.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the synthesis of specialty solvents, where its stability and non-volatility are advantageous.
In the pharmaceutical industry, MSA is used for the synthesis of drug intermediates, showcasing its significance in drug development.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the synthesis of agrochemicals, contributing to the production of pesticides and herbicides.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the manufacturing of electrochemical cells and batteries as an electrolyte additive.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) plays a role in the production of dyes and pigments, contributing to the coloration of various materials.
In the field of analytical chemistry, MSA is used for sample preparation and derivatization of compounds for analysis.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the synthesis of flavors and fragrances, contributing to the creation of unique aromatic compounds.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the formulation of photoresists used in semiconductor manufacturing for photolithography processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as an acid-catalyst in the production of biodiesel, aiding in the transesterification of triglycerides.
In the synthesis of specialty chemicals, MSA enhances the efficiency of certain chemical reactions, leading to improved yields.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the production of adhesives and sealants, contributing to the formulation of bonding agents.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the synthesis of fine organic chemicals used in the production of high-performance materials.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the development of coatings and surface treatments, enhancing the adhesion of coatings to substrates.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in analytical laboratories for pH adjustment and sample preparation due to its stability.
In the field of biotechnology, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in certain enzymatic reactions to enhance reaction rates and specificity.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s versatility in catalysis and chemical synthesis contributes to its widespread applications in research, development, and industrial processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the production of specialty polymers, acting as a catalyst in the synthesis of unique polymer structures.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) plays a crucial role in the production of electronic components, being employed in the etching of printed circuit boards.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, contributing to the development of therapeutic compounds.
In the field of surface modification, MSA finds application in the treatment of materials to enhance their adhesion properties.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the production of metal-complex dyes, contributing to the vibrant coloration of textiles and other materials.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the preparation of chemical intermediates for the manufacturing of agrochemicals and insecticides.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as an acid catalyst in the synthesis of plasticizers, aiding in the modification of polymer properties.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the production of fuel cells, contributing to the enhancement of fuel cell performance.
In the synthesis of specialty solvents, MSA acts as a key reagent, providing stable and effective reaction conditions.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the synthesis of photoactive materials for photovoltaic applications.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the formulation of electrolytes for supercapacitors, enhancing energy storage capabilities.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the manufacturing of coatings for electrodes in electrochemical devices, contributing to their efficiency.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the purification of proteins and peptides in biotechnological processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as a catalyst in the esterification of fatty acids, contributing to the production of biodiesel.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the production of specialty chemicals used in the mining industry for mineral processing.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the formulation of adhesives for bonding a variety of materials, including plastics and metals.
In the field of analytical chemistry, MSA is used for derivatization reactions to improve the detectability of certain compounds.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the synthesis of antioxidants, contributing to the stabilization of materials against oxidative degradation.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the preparation of chemical reagents for nucleic acid synthesis in molecular biology.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) plays a role in the production of plastic additives, enhancing the performance and durability of plastic materials.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the synthesis of flavor enhancers and fragrances for the food and cosmetic industries.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the treatment of industrial effluents, contributing to the removal of heavy metals.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the formulation of electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries, influencing their electrochemical performance.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as a valuable reagent in the synthesis of fine chemicals for various industrial applications.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the production of inkjet inks, contributing to the stability and performance of the ink formulations.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the synthesis of specialty detergents and cleaning agents, enhancing their effectiveness in removing contaminants.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) plays a role in the formulation of corrosion inhibitors for protecting metal surfaces in various industrial processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the production of specialty paints and coatings, contributing to improved adhesion and durability.
In the field of electrochemistry, MSA is used in the preparation of electrolytes for redox flow batteries.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the synthesis of ion exchange resins, which find applications in water treatment processes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the production of specialty adhesives for bonding materials in challenging environments.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as a key component in the formulation of liquid crystal materials used in the electronics and display industries.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the synthesis of specialty monomers for the production of high-performance polymers.
In the field of catalysis, MSA plays a role in asymmetric transformations, enabling the synthesis of chiral compounds.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the manufacturing of specialty lubricants, contributing to improved performance in various applications.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the synthesis of photoactive materials for photonic devices and sensors.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the production of specialty waxes used in formulations such as polishes and coatings.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the preparation of chemical intermediates for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as a reagent in the synthesis of surfactants, contributing to their emulsifying and dispersing properties.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the synthesis of specialty resins for the production of high-quality inks and coatings.

In the field of analytical chemistry, MSA is employed for sample preparation and derivatization in chromatographic techniques.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the production of specialty inorganic salts, utilized in various industrial processes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the synthesis of specialty plastic materials, enhancing their thermal and mechanical properties.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the formulation of electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors, contributing to their energy storage capabilities.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the preparation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which have applications in gas storage and separation.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) plays a role in the synthesis of specialty polymers with controlled molecular weights and architectures.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for metal surfaces in harsh environments.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel from triglycerides, facilitating transesterification reactions.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the formulation of heat transfer fluids, contributing to efficient heat exchange in various industrial processes.
In the field of nanotechnology, MSA is involved in the synthesis of nanomaterials with tailored properties for diverse applications.



DESCRIPTION


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a strong organic acid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a colorless liquid and is miscible with water and many organic solvents.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is often encountered in its solution form, and the term "MSA 70%" refers to a solution where the MSA is present at a concentration of 70%.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
As a strong organic acid, MSA is known for its stability and non-volatile nature.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is miscible with water and various organic solvents, enhancing its versatility.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is often encountered in solution form, and the 70% concentration indicates a common commercial formulation.

The chemical structure of MSA includes a methyl group and a sulfonic acid group.
With the chemical formula CH3SO3H, MSA is a valuable reagent in various chemical processes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is recognized for its utility as a catalyst in organic synthesis, facilitating numerous reactions.
Its lack of volatility compared to other strong acids makes MSA a preferred choice in certain industrial applications.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in esterification reactions as an efficient acid catalyst.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s stability under different conditions contributes to its popularity in laboratory and industrial settings.
The solution form of MSA often contains water or another solvent, influencing its properties and applications.
In addition to catalysis, MSA finds use as a solvent in organic synthesis, enhancing reaction efficiency.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is known by various synonyms, including Methanesulfonic acid and Methylsulfonic acid.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is essential in certain reactions where a non-volatile and stable acid is required.
Its compatibility with a range of materials makes it suitable for various manufacturing processes.
The 70% solution is a commonly used concentration, balancing reactivity and ease of handling.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s chemical stability extends to its resistance to decomposition under normal storage conditions.

Due to its strong acidity, MSA is handled with appropriate precautions and protective equipment.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s lack of flammability makes it a safe choice in laboratory and industrial environments.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s efficacy as a catalyst contributes to its role in accelerating chemical transformations.
Its non-corrosive nature towards common metals enhances its applicability in different processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s versatility is highlighted by its use in various sectors, including pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s water miscibility ensures uniform distribution in aqueous systems during reactions.
As a stable and efficient acid, MSA continues to play a crucial role in advancing chemical synthesis methodologies.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s widespread use underscores its importance in both academic research and industrial applications.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: CH3SO3H
Molecular Weight: Approximately 96.10 g/mol
Physical Form: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Faint odor
Melting Point: Approximately -30 °C (-22 °F)
Boiling Point: Approximately 167 °C (333 °F) at atmospheric pressure
Density: Approximately 1.48 g/cm³ at 20 °C (68 °F)
Solubility in Water: Miscible in water
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient temperatures
pH: Highly acidic in aqueous solutions
Viscosity: Low viscosity liquid
Refractive Index: Typically around 1.38
Flash Point: Non-flammable
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable as it is non-flammable
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions
Hygroscopicity: Exhibits hygroscopic behavior, absorbing moisture from the air
Corrosivity: Can be corrosive to certain metals and materials
Compatibility: Compatible with various organic solvents
Miscibility: Miscible with a wide range of organic solvents
Acidity: Strong acid with a dissociation constant (pKa) around -1.9
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur
Flammability: Non-flammable
Toxicity: Generally low toxicity, but appropriate precautions should be taken



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhalation of MSA vapors occurs, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If respiratory distress persists, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing, and administer oxygen by trained personnel if necessary.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use mild soap if available and continue rinsing.
Seek medical attention if irritation or chemical burns develop.
Wash contaminated clothing thoroughly before reuse.


Eye Contact:

If MSA comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if irritation is minimal.
Remove contact lenses, if applicable, after the initial eye rinse.


Ingestion:

If MSA is ingested accidentally, rinse the mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical professionals.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide the healthcare provider with information about the ingested substance.


General First Aid Measures:

If any adverse reactions, such as skin irritation or respiratory discomfort, occur after exposure to MSA, seek medical assistance promptly.
If seeking medical attention, provide healthcare professionals with details about the specific MSA product and the nature of exposure.
Be prepared to provide information on the concentration and form of MSA involved in the exposure.
If available, have the safety data sheet (SDS) or product information accessible for medical professionals.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection if handling in conditions where vapors or mists may be generated.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
If handling in an enclosed space, ensure proper ventilation systems are in place to minimize inhalation risks.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid direct skin and eye contact with MSA.
Take precautions to prevent inhalation of vapors, mists, or dust.
Minimize exposure through the use of engineering controls and PPE.

Handling Procedures:
Follow good laboratory or industrial practices when working with MSA.
Use appropriate tools and equipment to minimize the generation of dust or aerosols during handling.

Spill Response:
In case of a spill, use suitable absorbent materials to contain and clean up the spilled substance.
Dispose of waste according to local regulations and in accordance with the product's safety data sheet (SDS).

Storage Compatibility:
Store MSA away from incompatible materials, such as strong bases, reducing agents, and reactive metals.
Check compatibility with storage containers to prevent chemical reactions.

Labeling:
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the correct product information, hazard symbols, and safety precautions.
Maintain clear and visible labeling on secondary containers in case of transfer.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store MSA in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from heat sources and direct sunlight.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, as excessive heat may affect the stability of the substance.

Container Integrity:
Ensure that storage containers are tightly sealed to prevent contamination or evaporation.
Regularly inspect containers for any signs of damage or leaks.

Ventilation During Storage:
If stored in an enclosed area, provide adequate ventilation to prevent the accumulation of vapors.

Storage Conditions:
Store MSA in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Keep the substance away from incompatible materials and follow guidelines for the storage of corrosive substances.

Separation from Food and Feed:
Store MSA away from food, beverages, and animal feed.
Use separate storage areas to avoid cross-contamination.

Handling Precautions:
Follow proper handling procedures when transferring MSA between containers or dispensing it for use.
Minimize the risk of spills during storage and handling.

Fire Prevention:
MSA is generally non-flammable, but it is advisable to keep it away from open flames, sparks, or potential ignition sources.
Store in areas compliant with fire safety regulations.

Emergency Response:
Have appropriate emergency response equipment, such as spill containment materials and fire extinguishers, readily available.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is produced predominantly by oxidizing methylthiol or dimethyl disulfide using nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine or by employing electrochemical processes.

CAS Number: 75-75-2
Molecular Formula: CH4O3S
Molecular Weight: 96.11
EINECS Number: 200-898-6

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of MSA in large quantities.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is considered a green acid as it is less toxic and corrosive in comparison to mineral acids.
The aqueous Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) solution has been considered a model electrolyte for electrochemical processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Methanesulfonic acid (MsOH) or methanesulphonic acid (in British English) is an organosulfuric, colorless liquid with the molecular formula CH3SO3H and structure H3C−S(=O)2−OH.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids (R−S(=O)2−OH).
Salts and esters of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate).
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is hygroscopic in its concentrated form.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) solution is used virtually in all electronic applications involving tin or tin-alloy plating from non fluoborate systems.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) replaces phosphoric acid in detergent formulations, thereby helping to avoid environmental phosphate pollution.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the preparation of polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites, which enhances its thermal and electrical properties.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized for electropolishing of aluminum as well as in electroplating of noble metals like gold, platinum, palladium and their alloys.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is considered a particularly suitable supporting electrolyte for electrochemical applications, where it stands as an environmentally friendly alternative to other acid electrolytes used in plating processes.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is also a primary ingredient in rust remover and descaler.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is recommended in formulation for removing rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain surfaces which are usually susceptible to acid attack.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) or methanesulfonic acid (British English) is an organic sulfuric acid colorless liquid with the molecular formula CH3SO3H and the structure H3C-S(=O)2-OH.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%), the simplest alkanesulfonic acid, is a colorless or slightly brown oily liquid, appearing as solid at low temperatures.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) has a melting temperature of 20 °C, the boiling point of 167 °C (13.33 kPa), 122 °C (0.133 kPa), the relative density of 1.4812 (18 ℃) and refractive index 1.4317 (16 ℃).
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is soluble in water, alcohol and ether, insoluble in alkanes, benzene and toluene.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) will not subject to decomposition in boiling water and hot alkaline solution.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) also has strong corrosion effect against the metal iron, copper and lead.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a colourless or light yellow liquid having a melting point of 20° C, is a strong acid acting corroding but not oxidizing.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the electroplating industry and for organic syntheses, in particular as a catalyst for alkylations, esterifications, and polymerizations.
Beyond that, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used as a starting material for the preparation of methanesulfonyl chloride.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a strong organic acid widely used as a catalyst for esterification and alkylation.

Strong acid, biodegradable, non-oxidizing and non-foaming, compatible with oxidant and biocide.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%), also known as methylsulfonic acid or methane sulfonate, is a strong organic acid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a colorless, odorless liquid that is highly soluble in water.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is classified as a sulfonic acid because it has a sulfonyl (SO3H) functional group attached to a methyl (CH3) group.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is often used as a substitute for sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in various chemical processes because it is less corrosive and volatile.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is commonly employed as a catalyst, acidifier, or pH adjuster in organic synthesis, electroplating, and other industrial applications.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) mild and non-oxidizing nature makes it useful in situations where strong acids like sulfuric acid may be too harsh.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) refers to the concentration of MSA in a solution.

In this case, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) means that the solution contains 70% by weight of pure MSA, with the remaining 30% typically being water.
Different concentrations of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be prepared depending on the specific application's requirements.

Melting point: 17-19 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 167 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.475-1.485 g/mL at 20 °C 1.481 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 3.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.429(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: water: soluble1,000 g/L at 20°C
pka: -2.6(at 25℃)
form: Solution
color: brown
Specific Gravity: 1.48 (18/4℃)
Water Solubility: Miscible with water. Slightly miscible with benzene and toluene. Immiscible: with paraffins.
λmax λ: 240-320 nm Amax: <0.4
Sensitive: Light Sensitive & Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,5954
BRN: 1446024

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a strong, odorless and less corrosive acid.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is not harmful to systems, employees, customers, waste management or the environment when used in chemical synthesis, metal refinement or industrial cleaning.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used sparingly and saves energy.

Additional advantages are the high solubility of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)s salts, its lack of color and the fact that it is readily biodegradable (according to OECD Directive 301 A).
The acid strength of the organic methane sulphonic acid is between that of carboxylic acids and strong mineral acids.
Since methane sulphonic acid is odorless, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) may also be used in odor-sensitive applications.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)s lack of smell also increases safety at work because it does not produce any acrid fumes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is very suitable for neutralisation of vegetable oils with high FFA content.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a strong acid with a pKa (acid dissociation constant) of about -1.9, making it significantly more acidic than acetic acid (vinegar) or many other common organic acids.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is highly soluble in water, which makes it suitable for various aqueous processes and reactions.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) should be stored in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) should be kept in containers made of materials resistant to acids, such as glass or certain plastics.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is often used as a milder and safer alternative to mineral acids like sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) in laboratory settings and industrial processes.
Its reduced corrosiveness and lower volatility make it a preferred choice in situations where worker safety and equipment preservation are essential.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is compatible with a wide range of organic compounds, which makes it useful in various organic syntheses and reactions.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can serve as a solvent, acid catalyst, or reagent in reactions involving a variety of functional groups.
Like other acids, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be neutralized with bases such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) to form salts, for instance, sodium methane sulfonate or potassium methane sulfonate.

In the pharmaceutical industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the production of certain pharmaceutical intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
Its high purity and low residue levels are advantageous in drug manufacturing.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used in analytical chemistry techniques such as ion chromatography, where it serves as a highly stable and inert mobile phase component for separating ions in solution.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is less likely to corrode or react with metals, which is advantageous when it is used in metal-related applications like electroplating.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in food and pharmaceutical applications within established guidelines.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is essential to ensure compliance with local regulations and quality standards when using MSA in various industries.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%), it is important to follow the appropriate regulations for hazardous materials, including labeling, packaging, and safety precautions, to prevent accidents and ensure worker safety.

Production method:
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be obtained through the nitrate oxidation of thiocyanate methyl.
Nitric acid and negative water are heated carefully to 80-88 °C with fractional addition of methyl thiocyanate and the temperature being automatically rose to about 105 ℃.

After the reaction becomes mild, the reaction was heated to 120 ° C and reacted for 5 hours to obtain a crude product.
The crude product was diluted with exchanged water and adjusted to pH 8-9 by addition of 25% barium hydroxide solution and filtered.
The filtrate is condensed to until crystalline precipitation.

The crystal is washed by methanol to remove the nitrate to obtain the barium methanesulfonate.
It is then added to the exchanged water to boiling, add sulfuric acid for decomposition while it is hot, filter and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to no water to obtain the finished product.
Another method is that the methyl isothiourea sulfate is successively subject to chlorination, oxidation and hydrolysis to derive the finished product.

Methyl isothiourea sulfate was added to the water; and the chlorine is sent into at 20-25 ° C to until phenomenon such as solution color is turned into yellow; oil layer emerges in the bottom of the bottle; the temperature drop and large number of residual chlorine is discharged from the exhaust pipe; this indicates the end point of the reaction.
The reaction solution was extracted with chloroform.

After drying, the extract was distilled at 60-62 ° C under normal pressure to remove the chloroform, and then further subject to distillation under reduced pressure.
Collect the 60-65 °C (2.67 kPa) fraction was to obtain the methanesulfonyl chloride.

Add the base drop wise under stirring to 80 ℃ hot water and maintain the heat hydrolysis for about 2h, to until the reaction liquid droplets completely disappear.
The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to a syrupy form, diluted with water, and concentrated under reduced pressure to until no more water was distilled off to obtain methanesulfonic acid.

Uses
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a raw material for medicine and pesticide.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can also be used as dehydrating agent, curing accelerator for coating, treating agent for fiber, solvent, catalysis, and esterification as well as polymerization reaction.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used as solvent, alkylation, catalyst of esterification and polymerization, also used in medicine and electroplating industry.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can also be applied to oxidation.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) has been developed as an esterification catalyst in place of sulfuric acid for the synthesis of resins in paints and coatings.
One of the major advantages of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) over sulfuric acid is that it is not an oxidizing species.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) solution is used virtually in all electronic applications involving tin or tin-alloy plating from non fluoborate systems.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) replaces phosphoric acid in detergent formulations, thereby helping to avoid environmental phosphate pollution.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the preparation of polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites, which enhances its thermal and electrical properties.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized for electropolishing of aluminum as well as in electroplating of noble metals like gold, platinum, palladium and their alloys.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used as a catalyst in organic reactions namely esterification, alkylation and condensation reactions due to its non- volatile nature and solubility in organic solvents.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is also involved in the production of starch esters, wax oxidate esters, benzoic acid esters, phenolic esters, or alkyl esters.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) reacts with sodium borohydride in presence of polar solvent tetrahydrofuran to prepare borane-tetrahydrofuran complex.
It finds application in batteries, because of its purity and chloride absence.

In pharmaceutical industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used for the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients like telmisartan and eprosartan.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is useful in ion chromatography and is a source of carbon and energy for some gram-negative methylotropic bacteria.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is involved in the deprotection of peptides.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used as a catalyst in a variety of organic reactions, including esterification, etherification, and alkylation reactions.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in the electroplating industry to improve the quality of metal coatings.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)'s used for dyeing textiles and leather.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used in the oil and gas industry for acidizing reservoirs.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is a versatile acid catalyst in various organic reactions, such as esterification, etherification, and alkylation.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) facilitates chemical reactions by donating protons (H+) to reactants, enabling the formation of new bonds and the synthesis of desired compounds.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used in the electroplating industry to improve the quality of metal coatings.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be employed as an additive in electroplating baths to enhance the deposition of metal layers onto surfaces, providing improved adhesion and uniformity.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds application in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
Its high purity and low residue levels are advantageous in drug manufacturing processes where the presence of impurities can be detrimental.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is utilized in the dyeing of textiles and leather.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) serves as a strong acid to help fix dyes onto fabric or leather surfaces, enhancing colorfastness and dye adherence.
In the oil and gas industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used for acidizing reservoirs.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) helps improve the permeability of rock formations in oil and gas wells by dissolving mineral deposits and increasing the flow of hydrocarbons.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used as a component of mobile phases in ion chromatography, a technique employed for separating and analyzing ions in solution.
Its stability and low reactivity make it suitable for this purpose.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is often used in research laboratories as a milder alternative to stronger mineral acids like sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be employed for tasks such as acid-catalyzed reactions or pH adjustments in various experiments.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is sometimes used as a pH adjuster and acidulant in certain food products.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%)s use is regulated to ensure food safety and quality.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) has been used in photography, particularly in the preparation of photographic developers.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be found in some cleaning products where its acidity helps in removing mineral deposits, scale, and stains.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is employed in polymerization reactions, including the production of certain types of resins, plastics, and polymeric materials.
Its acidic nature can initiate and control polymerization processes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is useful for synthesizing various organic compounds, including fragrances, flavors, and specialty chemicals.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be involved in reactions that create valuable intermediates for these industries.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used for descaling and removing oxide layers from metal surfaces, preparing them for subsequent treatments or coatings.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used for pH adjustment and water treatment processes, particularly in situations where a strong acid is needed to neutralize alkaline water or control the pH of industrial wastewater.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) finds use in electronics manufacturing for cleaning and etching printed circuit boards (PCBs) and other electronic components.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used in the production of adhesives and sealants, where it can act as a curing agent or catalyst.
In the oil refining industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used as a catalyst or acid in certain refining processes to improve the quality of petroleum products.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is used as a reagent in various chemical analyses and assays, especially when a strong acid is required for sample preparation or digestion.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is sometimes used for pH adjustment in industrial processes where precise control of acidity is necessary.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) can be used in biotechnology and molecular biology applications, such as DNA and RNA purification and protein purification processes.

Safety Profile:
Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) may be corrosive to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
Explosive reaction with ethyl vinyl ether.

Incompatible with hydrogen fluoride.
When heated to decomposition Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) emits toxic fumes of SOx.

While Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is considered less hazardous than some other strong acids like sulfuric acid, it is still corrosive and should be handled with care.
Proper safety measures, including the use of appropriate protective gear like gloves and goggles, should be followed when working with Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%).

Environmental Considerations:
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is considered to be less environmentally harmful than many other strong acids, especially when it comes to disposal.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA 70%) is less likely to produce environmentally damaging byproducts when handled and disposed of properly.

Synonyms
METHANESULFONIC ACID
75-75-2
Methylsulfonic acid
Methanesulphonic acid
Mesylic acid
Methanesulfonicacid
Sulfomethane
Kyselina methansulfonova
Methansulfonsaeure
NSC 3718
CCRIS 2783
HSDB 5004
EINECS 200-898-6
METHANE SULFONIC ACID
BRN 1446024
DTXSID4026422
MSA
UNII-12EH9M7279
CHEBI:27376
Kyselina methansulfonova [Czech]
AI3-28532
NSC-3718
CH3SO3H
MFCD00007518
CH4O3S
12EH9M7279
DTXCID806422
22515-76-0
NSC3718
EC 200-898-6
4-04-00-00010 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
J1.465F
ammoniummethanesulfonate
METHANESULFONIC ACID (II)
METHANESULFONIC ACID [II]
CH4O3S.H3N
C-H4-O3-S.H3-N
Methanesulfonic acid, ammonium salt
Methanesulfonic acid, ammonium salt (1:1)
metanesulfonic acid
methansulfonic acid
MsOH
methansulphonic acid
methylsulphonic acid
03S
methyl sulfonic acid
methyl-sulfonic acid
methane-sulfonic acid
MeSO3H
methane sulphonic acid
methanesulphonic-acid-
LACTIC ACID(DL)
CH3SO2OH
H3CSO3H
WLN: WSQ1
Methanesulfonic acid solution
Methanesulfonic acid, 99.5%
Methanesulfonic acid, anhydrous
CHEMBL3039600
DL-MALICACIDMONOSODIUMSALT
Methanesulfonic Acid (CH3SO3H)
METHANESULFONIC ACID [MI]
Methanesulfonic acid, HPLC grade
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%
METHANESULFONIC ACID [HSDB]
Tox21_201073
STL264182
AKOS009146947
AT25153
CAS-75-75-2
NCGC00248914-01
NCGC00258626-01
BP-12823
LS-90299
FT-0628287
M0093
M2059
EN300-29198
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%, ReagentPlus(R)
Methanesulfonic acid, for HPLC, >=99.5% (T)
A934985
Q414168
J-521696
Methanesulfonic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
F1908-0093
Z281776238
InChI=1/CH4O3S/c1-5(2,3)4/h1H3,(H,2,3,4

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.


CAS Number: 75-75-2
EC Number: 200-898-6
MDL number: MFCD00007518
Linear Formula: CH3SO3H
Chemical formula: CH4O3S



SYNONYMS:
Methanesulfonic acid, Methylsulfonic acid, MSA; Mesylic acid, Mesylic acid, MsOH, METHANESULFONIC ACID, 75-75-2, Methylsulfonic acid, Methanesulphonic acid, Mesylic acid, Methanesulfonicacid, Sulfomethane, Kyselina methansulfonova, Methansulfonsaeure, NSC 3718, CCRIS 2783, HSDB 5004, EINECS 200-898-6, METHANE SULFONIC ACID, MsOH, BRN 1446024, DTXSID4026422, MSA, UNII-12EH9M7279, CHEBI:27376, AI3-28532, NSC-3718, CH3SO3H, MFCD00007518, 12EH9M7279, DTXCID806422, NSC3718, EC 200-898-6, 4-04-00-00010 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), J1.465F, ammoniummethanesulfonate, METHANESULFONIC ACID (II), METHANESULFONIC ACID [II], Kyselina methansulfonova [Czech], CH4O3S, metanesulfonic acid, methansulfonic acid, methansulphonic acid, methylsulphonic acid, 03S, methyl sulfonic acid, methyl-sulfonic acid, methane-sulfonic acid, MeSO3H, methane sulphonic acid, methanesulphonic-acid-, LACTIC ACID(DL), CH3SO2OH, H3CSO3H, WLN: WSQ1, Methanesulfonic acid solution, Methanesulfonic acid, 99.5%, Methanesulfonic acid, anhydrous, CHEMBL3039600, DL-MALICACIDMONOSODIUMSALT, Methanesulfonic Acid (CH3SO3H), METHANESULFONIC ACID [MI], Methanesulfonic acid, HPLC grade, Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%, METHANESULFONIC ACID [HSDB], Tox21_201073, AKOS009146947, AT25153, CAS-75-75-2, NCGC00248914-01, NCGC00258626-01, BP-12823, M0093, M2059, NS00004472, EN300-29198, Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%, ReagentPlus(R), Methanesulfonic acid, for HPLC, >=99.5% (T), A934985, Q414168, J-521696, Methanesulfonic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, F1908-0093, Z281776238, InChI=1/CH4O3S/c1-5(2,3)4/h1H3,(H,2,3,4), methylsulfonic acid, methanesulphonic acid, methanesulfonicacid, ch3so3h, methane sulfonic acid, sulfomethane, Methanesulphonic acid, Methylsulfonic acid, Kyselina methansulfonova, CH3SO3H, NSC 371, MsOH, MSA, MeSO3H, METHANESULPHONIC ACID, METHYLSULFONIC ACID, acidemethanesulfonique, METHANE SULFONIC ACID 70%, Mesic acid, SULFOMETHANE, Methylsulphonicacid



Pharmaceutical-Grade Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a superior-quality chemical compound with the formula CH3SO3H.
Its superior solubility properties make Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) suitable for diverse applications.
Excellent Properties of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA): Features high purity, strong acidity, broad solubility, and storage stability.


Since ca. 2000 Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has become a popular replacement for other acids in numerous industrial and laboratory applications.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a strong acid.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has a low vapor pressure (see boiling points in the "Properties" inset).


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is not an oxidant or explosive, like nitric, sulfuric or perchloric acids.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a liquid at room temperature.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is soluble in many organic solvents.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) forms water-soluble salts with all inorganic cations and with most organic cations.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) does not form complexes with metal ions in water.
Its anion, mesylate, and Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is non-toxic and suitable for pharmaceutical preparations.


The closely related p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is solid.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a strong organic acid which is highly suitable for manufacturing active pharmaceutical ingredients such as Telmisartan and Eprosartan, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an organosulfuric, colorless liquid with the molecular formula CH3SO3H and structure H3C−S(=O)2−OH.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids (R−S(=O)2−OH).
Salts and esters of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate).


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is hygroscopic in its concentrated form.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4).


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA), the simplest alkanesulfonic acid, is a hygroscopic colorless liquid or white solid, depending on whether the ambient temperature is greater or less than 20 ºC.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is very soluble in water and oxygenated solvents, but sparingly soluble in most hydrocarbons.


In aqueous solution, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a strong acid (completely ionized).
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA)’s acidity and solubility properties make it industrially valuable as a catalyst in organic reactions, particularly polymerization.


In many applications, its advantage over concentrated sulfuric acid is that Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has similar acid strength but is not an oxidant.
The first report of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) synthesis was in a 1950 patent awarded to John C. Snyder and Aristid V. Grosse of Houdry Process Corp. (subsequently acquired by Air Products).


They heated methane and sulfur trioxide to 200–325 ºC under pressure in the presence of a mercury catalyst.
BASF currently produces the acid via a two-step process in which methanol and elemental sulfur react to give dimethyl disulfide, which is then oxidized to the final product.


For decades, chemists tried to find a way to prepare Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) from methane and sulfur trioxide under much milder conditions than were used in the original method.
In 2015, Grillo-Werke (Duisburg, Germany), in a world patent application, described the preparation of alkanesulfonic acids from alkanes and SO3 in the presence of an organic peroxide at temperatures up to 65 ºC and pressures up to 11 MPa.


In June of this year, Grillo announced plans to compete with BASF by building a plant to produce Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) with a process that is likely based on that patent.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA), the simplest alkanesulfonic acid, is a hygroscopic colorless liquid that freezes around 19 °C.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has similar proprieties respect sulfuric acid, but it does not show its oxidant character.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA)’s non-volatility and solubility properties make it industrially valuable as a catalyst in organic reactions, mainly for polymerizations, esterifications and transesterificatios, for electroplating bath and as reagent to form amine salts for pharmaceutical drug delivery purposes.


Another feature that makes Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) convenient for industrial applications is its liquid state at room temperature, while the closely related p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is solid.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is considered a particularly suitable supporting electrolyte for electrochemical applications, where it stands as an environmentally friendly alternative to other acid electrolytes used in plating processes.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is also a primary ingredient in rust remover and descaler.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is recommended in formulation for removing rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain surfaces which are usually susceptible to acid attack.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an organic sulfuric acid, a colorless liquid with the molecular formula CH3SO3H.
The salts and esters of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) are called mesilates (or methanesulfonates, as ethyl methanesulfonate).
In its concentrated form it is hygroscopic.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is capable of dissolving a wide range of metal salts, many of which are in much higher concentrations than hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has become a popular substitute for other acids in many industrial and laboratory applications.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organosulfonic acids in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a hygroscopic colorless liquid or white solid.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is very soluble in water and oxygenated solvents, but sparingly soluble in most
hydrocarbons.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a strong, odorless and less corrosive acid.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is not harmful to systems, employees, customers, waste management or the environment when used in chemical synthesis, metal refinement or industrial cleaning.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) can be used sparingly and saves energy.


Additional advantages are the high solubility of its salts, its lack of color and the fact that Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is readily biodegradable (according to OECD Directive 301 A).
The acid strength of the organic Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is between that of carboxylic acids and strong mineral acids.



USES and APPLICATIONS of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
Wide Applications of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA): Perfect for electroplating, organic reactions, polymerization, and more.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) can be used in the generation of borane (BH3) by reacting methanesulfonic acid with NaBH4 in an aprotic solvent such as THF or DMSO, the complex of BH3 and the solvent is formed.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is widely used as catalyst or salifying agent replacing the more toxic, corrosive and less biodegradable mineral acids
In the chemical industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a substance for the formation of secondary methane sulfonates from olefins, a chemical for the production of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and for the production of methane sulfonyl chloride.


Catalyst in esterification, alkylation, olefin polymerization, peroxidation reactions.
In electrical engineering, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used to etch pressed electrical panels.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used as an alternative to inorganic acids because it not only performs its function well but also does not corrode the metals of the plates.


This prolongs the service life of the plates.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is capable of dissolving a wide range of metal salts, many of which are in much higher concentrations than hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4).


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has become a popular substitute for other acids in many industrial and laboratory applications.
The closest analogue, p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA), is solid
used in detergents because it does not cause eutrophication in water bodies.


In the electroplating industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) solutions are used to electroplate tin and tin-lead alloys.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) displaces fluoroboric acid, which releases corrosive and volatile hydrogen fluoride.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used as an electrolyte in electroplating processes such as nickel plating, copper plating and tin plating.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) acts as a buffer to maintain the pH of the electrolyte solution and to help ensure uniform coverage of the metal substrate.
In metals processing and extraction, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is of particular interest in lead hydrometallurgy, where it is a greener alternative to HBF4 and H2SiF6.


However, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) can also be used in all hydrometallurgical processes that require strong Brønsted acids.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) can be used in copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel and rare earth metallurgy, as well as in the recycling of metals from discarded products.


For example, if CaO, Ca(OH)2 or CaCO3 is used to neutralize excess Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) after leaching, and the metals have been removed from the saturated leach solution by precipitation as hydroxides or sulfides, there will be a significant amount of dissolved calcium methanesulfonate in the raffinate.


The addition of sulfuric acid to this solution results in the precipitation of CaSO4-2H2O (gypsum) and the Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is recovered and can be reused.
Similarly, silver can be recovered from Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) salt solutions by adding hydrochloric acid.


This produces a sparingly soluble silver (I) chloride which precipitates out.
Rare earth elements (REE) can be recovered from Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) solutions by the addition of oxalic acid.
In order to develop a new MSA-based process for the refining of recycled raw silver from secondary resources, the characteristics of silver metal pellet dissolution in Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) were investigated.


Although Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) alone did not dissolve the pellets, they were dissolved by the addition of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant.
Silver pellets containing about 94 % silver together with other precious metals such as gold and PGMs were successfully dissolved with a mixture of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) and hydrogen peroxide.


The high solubility of methanesulfonate salts compared to sulphate and chloride salts is also useful for the recovery of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) in process solutions after removal of precious metals.
The extraction yields were found to be in excess of 90 %, with solid-liquid ratios of up to 550 g/L and a stoichiometric excess of hydrogen peroxide of three times.


The optimum yield was found to be between 65 °C and 85 °C.
A high selectivity for palladium was achieved: only 7 % of palladium dissolved together.
The dissolution residue consisted mainly of gold and undissolved silver, with small amounts of palladium and platinum.


A negative correlation was observed between the solubility of silver(I) methanesulphonate and the concentration of free Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) after leaching.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has been shown to be an effective solvent for dissolving the cathode material of LiCoO2 lithium ion batteries.


With a small amount of hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent (0,9 % by volume), lithium and cobalt could be leached very efficiently with a 1 M Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) solution.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) performed much better than the other organic acids tested (citric acid, malonic acid, succinic acid and oxalic acid).


Dissolved cobalt precipitated as CoCO3 and was calcined to Co3O4, while dissolved lithium precipitated as Li2CO3 with the addition of Na2CO3 solution.
Li2CO3 and Co3O4 were combined in a solid state to form the new cathode material LiCoO2.
In pharmaceuticals, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is very suitable for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients such as telmisartan and eprosartan, angiotensin II receptor antagonists.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) plays an important role in a wide range of pharmaceutical applications, from the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to drug formulation.
As a catalyst, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) facilitates key reactions in the synthesis of APIs such as esterification, acylation and sulfonation.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is also used in drug formulation processes where it helps to solubilize and stabilize active compounds.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA)'s compatibility with various solvents and its mild nature contribute to the development of safe and effective pharmaceutical formulations.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) and other lower alkanesulfonic acids are useful for plating of lead, nickel, cadmium, silver, and zinc.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) also finds use in plating of tin, copper, lead, and other metals and is used in printed circuit board manufacture.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) finds use in ion-exchange resin regeneration because of the high solubility of many metal salts in aqueous solutions.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is also used as catalyst in esterification, alkylation, olefin polymerization, peroxidation
reactions.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is also a primary ingredient in rust and scale removers.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) side chain was utilized in pharmaceutical products Novalgin (metamizole) & Methaniazide.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used as a solvent and as a catalyst for alkylations, esterifications and polymerizations.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used Agricultural Chemicals, Crop Protection, Curing Agent, Electronic Chemicals, Flavor & Fragrance, Household, Industrial & Institutional Chemicals, Industrial Chemicals, Inks & Digital Inks, Lithium Battery & Electrolyte Chemicals, Lubricant & Grease, Metal Plating, Metal Working, Finishing & Flux, Personal Care & Cosmetics, Pharmaceutical & Fine Chemicals, Plastic, Resin & Rubber, Textile Auxiliaries, Catalysts, Coatings, Pesticides, Solvents.


Since Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is odorless, it may also be used in odor-sensitive applications.
Its lack of smell also increases safety at work because Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) does not produce any acrid fumes.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is very suitable for neutralisation of vegetable oils with high FFA content.


In pharmaceuticals, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is very suitable for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients such as telmisartan and eprosartan, angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) plays an important role in a wide range of pharmaceutical applications, from the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to drug formulation.


As a catalyst, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) facilitates key reactions in the synthesis of APIs such as esterification, acylation and sulfonation.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA)'s efficiency in promoting these reactions allows the efficient production of pharmaceutical intermediates and final APIs.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is also used in drug formulation processes where it helps to solubilize and stabilize active compounds.


Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA)'s compatibility with various solvents and its mild nature contribute to the development of safe and effective pharmaceutical formulations.
Its efficiency in promoting these reactions allows the efficient production of pharmaceutical intermediates and final APIs.


-In oil industry (well stimulation):
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used in the oilfield industry for acidification treatments that increase production by dissolving mineral deposits and improving reservoir permeability.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) acts as a catalyst to break down complex hydrocarbons and increase oil recovery efficiency.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has lower corrosion and biodegradability, resulting in reduced equipment corrosion and longer service life, and lower maintenance costs.
In addition, the biodegradable properties of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) contribute to environmentally friendly oilfield operations.


-Electroplating uses of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA):
Solutions of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) are used for the electroplating of tin and tin-lead solders.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is displacing the use of fluoroboric acid, which releases corrosive and volatile hydrogen fluoride.


-In oil industry (well stimulation):
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used in the oilfield industry for acidification treatments that increase production by dissolving mineral deposits and improving reservoir permeability.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) acts as a catalyst to break down complex hydrocarbons and increase oil recovery efficiency.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has lower corrosion and biodegradability, resulting in reduced equipment corrosion and longer service life, and lower maintenance costs.
In addition, the biodegradable properties of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) contribute to environmentally friendly oilfield operations.


-In the cleaning industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a key ingredient in rust and plaque removers from acid-sensitive surfaces.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used to clean rust from ceramics, tiles and porcelain, which are generally sensitive to strong acids.

Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is an excellent alternative to traditional phosphoric acid-based rust removers/cleaners as it is not inferior in cleaning performance and does not contribute to eutrophication (water damage) when discharged into wastewater.

This property is particularly relevant for operators of individual sewage treatment plants, as Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) does not impair their operation and does not damage the water bodies into which the treated wastewater is discharged.


-Use as a solvent:
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is not only an excellent catalyst for the chitin acylation process but also a good solvent for partially acylated chitin.
Therefore, homogeneous chitin acylation can be achieved in the Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) system.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used as a solvent for high molecular weight polymers.


-In water systems, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used for regeneration of water softening filter charges.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is well suited because it does not damage anion exchange and cation exchange resins and reacts well with the metals on their surface, thus opening the active centres of the resins and allowing the charges to operate at full capacity.


-In the electrical industry, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is used to dissolve lead salts to produce the electrolyte in bipolar batteries.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) has the advantage of eliminating the parasitic reactions that inhibit the storage/generation of chemical electricity, greatly simplifying the battery design, and allowing the production of energy storage/batteries in a wide range of sizes.



OVERVIEW OF METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA)is an organic acid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a colorless, viscous liquid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a strong acid, meaning that it readily donates protons (H+) to other molecules in solution.
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is commonly used in organic synthesis and as a catalyst in various chemical reactions.
Thanks to its versatility, Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is a viable substitute for organic and inorganic strong acids in a variety of applications.



CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
The chemical structure of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) consists of a central carbon atom (C) bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H).
One of the hydrogen atoms is also bonded to a sulfur atom (S), and the sulfur atom is further bonded to three oxygen atoms (O).
These oxygen atoms are also bonded to a hydrogen atom each.
This arrangement gives Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) its distinct properties as a strong organic acid.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
Colorless or light yellow liquid
Odorless or with a slight sulfuric odor
Highly soluble in water forming a homogeneous solution and is miscible with most polar organic solvents.
Relatively high density (~1.48 g/mL at room temperature)
High boiling point (~167°C or 332°F)



HISTORY AND MANUFACTURING OF METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
The first commercial production of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA), developed in the 1940s by Standard Oil of Indiana, was based on oxidation of dimethylsulfide by O2 from air.
Although inexpensive, this process suffered from a poor product quality and explosion hazards.

In 1967, the Pennwalt Corporation (USA) developed a different process for dimethylsulfide (as an water-based emulsion) oxidation using chlorine, followed by extraction-purification.
In 2022 this chlorine-oxidation process was used only by Arkema (France) for making high-purity MSA.
This process is not popular on a large scale, because it co-produces large quantities of hydrochloric acid.

Between years 1970 and 2000 Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) was used only on a relatively small-scale in niche markets (for example, in the microelectronic and electroplating industries since the 1980s), which was mainly due to its rather high price and limited availability.

However, this situation changed around 2003, when BASF launched commercial production of Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) in Ludwigshafen based on a modified version of the aforementioned air oxidation process, using dimethyldisulfide instead of dimethylsulfoxide.
The former is produced in one step from methanol from syngas, hydrogen and sulfur.

An even better (lower-cost and environmentally friendlier) process of making Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) was developed in 2016 by Grillo-Werke AG (Germany).
Methane Sulfonic Acid (MSA) is based on a direct reaction between methane and oleum at around 50 °C and 100 bar in the presence of a potassium persulfate initiator.
This technology was acquired and commercialized by BASF in 2019.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
Chemical formula: CH₄O₃S
Molar mass: 96.10 g·mol⁻¹
Appearance: Clear, colourless liquid
Density: 1.48 g/cm³
Melting point: 17 to 19 °C (63 to 66 °F; 290 to 292 K)
Boiling point: 167 °C (333 °F; 440 K) at 10 mmHg, 122 °C/1 mmHg
Solubility in water: Miscible
Solubility: Miscible with methanol, diethyl ether.
Immiscible with hexane
log P: −2.424
Acidity (pKa): −1.9
Molecular Weight: 96.11 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 95.98811516 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 95.98811516 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 62.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 92.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical State: Liquid
Color: Light Yellow
Odor: Characteristic
Melting Point/Freezing Point: 17 - 19 °C
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: 167 °C at 13 hPa
Flammability: No data available

Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits:
Upper Explosion Limit: 24.3% (V)
Lower Explosion Limit: 11.4% (V)
Flash Point: 189 °C (Closed Cup - DIN 51755 Part 1)
Autoignition Temperature: 535 °C at 1.010 hPa (DIN 51794)
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
pH: < 1 at 20 °C
Viscosity:
Kinematic Viscosity: 7.86 mm²/s at 25 °C
Dynamic Viscosity: 11.6 mPa·s at 25 °C
Water Solubility: Approximately 1,000 g/L at 20 °C (Completely Miscible)
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water):
Log Pow: -2.38 at 20 °C
Vapor Pressure: 0.112 hPa at 80 °C (OECD Test Guideline 104)
Density: 1.481 g/cm³ at 25 °C
Dissociation Constant: -1.54 at 25 °C
Relative Vapor Density: 3.32 (Air = 1.0)
CAS number: 75-75-2

EC index number: 607-145-00-4
EC number: 200-898-6
Hill Formula: CH₄O₃S
Chemical formula: CH₃SO₃H
Molar Mass: 96.11 g/mol
HS Code: 2904 10 11
Boiling point: 167 °C (13 hPa)
Density: 1.4812 g/cm3 (18 °C)
Flash point: 189 °C
Melting Point: 20 °C
pH value: Vapor pressure: 0.112 hPa (80 °C)
Solubility: 1000 g/l
CBNumber:CB3433704
Molecular Formula:CH4O3S
Molecular Weight:96.11
MDL Number:MFCD00007518

MOL File:75-75-2.mol
Melting point: 17-19 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 167 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.475-1.485 g/mL at 20 °C 1.481 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 3.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.429(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: water: soluble1,000 g/L at 20°C
pka: -2.6(at 25℃)
form: Solution
color: brown
Specific Gravity: 1.48 (18/4℃)
Water Solubility: Miscible with water.
Slightly miscible with benzene and toluene.
Immiscible with paraffins.

λmax: λ: 240-320 nm Amax: <0.4
Sensitive: Light Sensitive & Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,5954
BRN: 1446024
Stability: Stable.
Moisture sensitive.
Incompatible with amines, bases, water, common metals.
Releases a substantial amount of heat when diluted with water
(add acid to water with care if diluting).
InChIKey: AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 75-75-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 12EH9M7279
NIST Chemistry Reference: CH3SO3H(75-75-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Methanesulfonic acid (75-75-2)
Melting Point: 19.0°C
Density: 1.4810g/mL
Boiling Point: 167.0°C (10.0 mmHg)
Flash Point: 189°C

Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99%
Refractive Index: 1.4252 to 1.4315
Linear Formula: CH3SO3H
Beilstein: 04, 4
Fieser 01,666; 02,270; 04,326; 10,256; 11,321; 12,212; 13,176
Specific Gravity: 1.481
Merck Index: 15, 6026
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: soluble.
Other solubilities: soluble in alcohol, ether and ethanol,
insoluble in hexane and methylcyclopentane,
1.50wt% benzene: -0.23wt% 0-chlorotoluene (26-28°C),
0.38wt% toluene: -0.47wt% ethyl disulfide (26-28°C)
Viscosity: 11.6 mPa.s (25°C)
Formula Weight: 96.1
Percent Purity: 99%
Grade: Extra Pure
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Methanesulfonic acid



FIRST AID MEASURES of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water.
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent and neutralising material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
Water
Foam
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 60 min
*Body Protection:
Acid-resistant protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type B
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
No metal containers.
Tightly closed.
Heat sensitive.
Hygroscopic.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of METHANE SULFONIC ACID (MSA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

METHANE SULFONIC ACID 70% Ludwigshafen, Germany – December 20, 2018 – BASF intends to expand the production capacity for methane sulfonic acid (MSA) at its Ludwigshafen site by around 65 percent and increase the global capacity to 50,000 metric tons per year. With the investment the company further strengthens its position as the leading global producer of MSA. The volumes from the additional capacity are expected to be available late in 2021 for customers in all regions. “The demand for MSA increased strongly across industries. This expansion will allow us to support the rapid growth of our customers, especially in Asia. Beyond the increase in Ludwigshafen, we evaluate investment options outside of Europe to continuously expand our MSA capacities,” says Martin Widmann, Global Strategic Marketing and Development, Care Chemicals division at BASF. “We focus our extensive know-how and highly efficient manufacturing processes on our customers’ needs to enhance their applications’ performance, sustainability and efficacy." Sustainable alternative to conventional acids Methane sulfonic acid is a strong organic acid used in numerous applications ranging from chemical and biofuel synthesis to industrial cleaning and metal surface treatment in the electronics industry. The expansion is in line with the trend for top-performance and at the same time environmentally friendly technologies in various industries. BASF’s proprietary process enables the production of Lutropur® MSA – a high-purity methane sulfonic acid. Lutropur MSA is a sustainable alternative to other acids such as sulfuric, phosphoric or acetic acid. As part of the natural sulfur cycle MSA is readily biodegradable. Further benefits in practical applications come, for example, from its nonoxidizing nature, the high solubility of its salts and the absence of color and odor. As already announced at the end of 2018, BASF will proceed with expanding global capacities for methane sulfonic acid (MSA) to 50,000 metric tons per year. This involves a higher double-digit million euro investment in constructing a new methane sulfonic acid plant at the Ludwigshafen site. The construction works started recently. The volumes from the additional capacity are expected to be available from the end of 2021 and are dedicated to mainly serve European customers as well as the rapidly growing Asian market. “We want to meet our customers' growing demand for high-quality, sustainable and high-performance technologies in the best possible way now and in future. To achieve that, we continuously invest in expanding our capacities and production technologies. To this end, we acquired an innovative process approach for producing MSA from Grillo-Werke AG in mid 2019 to strengthen our own R&D activities and to accelerate the development of a new manufacturing process for methane sulfonic acid. In doing so, we support as reliable partner the growth of our customers across the world,” said Ralph Schweens, President Care Chemicals, BASF. Sustainable alternative to conventional acids Methane sulfonic acid is a strong organic acid used in numerous applications ranging from chemical and biofuel synthesis to industrial cleaning and metal surface treatment in the electronics industry. BASF's high-purity methane sulfonic acid – sold under the brand name Lutropur® MSA – is a sustainable alternative to other acids such as sulfuric, phosphoric or acetic acid. As part of the natural sulfur cycle, Lutropur MSA is readily biodegradable. Further benefits of using methane sulfonic acid come from its non-oxidizing character, the high solubility of its salts and the absence of color and odor. Product overview MSA (Methane Sulfonic Acid 70% - CAS 75-75-2) is a strong acid widely used as a catalyst (esterification, alkylation, etc.) thanks to its performances, it is an interesting substitute for organic and inorganic strong acids in various applications. Ester quality, easy recyclability and "green" effluent are part of the major methane sulfonic acid 70% advantage is in esterification. Methane sulfonic acid 70% Jump to navigationJump to search Methane sulfonic acid 70% Structural formula of Methane sulfonic acid 70% Ball-and-stick model of Methane sulfonic acid 70% Names IUPAC name Methane sulfonic acid 70% Other names Methylsulfonic acid, MSA Identifiers CAS Number 75-75-2 check 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:27376 check ChemSpider 6155 check ECHA InfoCard 100.000.817 Edit this at Wikidata EC Number 200-898-6 PubChem CID 6395 UNII 12EH9M7279 check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID4026422 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula CH4O3S Molar mass 96.10 g·mol−1 Appearance Clear, colourless liquid Density 1.48 g/cm3 Melting point 17 to 19 °C (63 to 66 °F; 290 to 292 K) Boiling point 167 °C (333 °F; 440 K) at 10 mmHg, 122 °C/1 mmHg Solubility in water miscible Solubility Miscible with methanol, diethyl ether. Immiscible with hexane log P -2.424[1] Acidity (pKa) −1.9[2] Hazards Safety data sheet Oxford MSDS EU classification (DSD) (outdated) Harmful (Xn), Corrosive (C) Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). check verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Methane sulfonic acid 70% (MsOH) or methanesulphonic acid (in British English) is a colorless liquid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H. It is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids. Salts and esters of Methane sulfonic acid 70% are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate). It is hygroscopic in its concentrated form. Methane sulfonic acid 70% may be considered an intermediate compound between sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and methylsulfonylmethane ((CH3)2SO2), effectively replacing an –OH group with a –CH3 group at each step. This pattern can extend no further in either direction without breaking down the –SO2– group. Methane sulfonic acid 70% can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloric or sulfuric acid.[3] Contents 1 Applications 1.1 Electroplating 2 See also 3 References Applications Methane sulfonic acid 70% is used as an acid catalyst in organic reactions because it is a non-volatile, strong acid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is convenient for industrial applications because it is liquid at ambient temperature, while the closely related p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is solid. However, in a laboratory setting, solid PTSA is more convenient. Methane sulfonic acid 70% can be used in the generation of borane (BH3) by reacting Methane sulfonic acid 70% with NaBH4 in an aprotic solvent such as THF or DMS, the complex of BH3 and the solvent is formed.[4] Electroplating Solutions of Methane sulfonic acid 70% are used for the electroplating of tin and tin-lead solders. It is displacing the use of fluoroboric acid, which releases corrosive and volatile hydrogen fluoride.[5] Methane sulfonic acid 70% is also a primary ingredient in rust and scale removers.[6] It is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack. See also TrifluoroMethane sulfonic acid 70% - the more acidic trifluoro analogue 4.3.3.2.1 Methane sulfonic acid 70% system Methane sulfonic acid 70% with high acidity is not only the catalyst in the process of chitin acylation, but also is a good solvent for partially acylated chitin. Thus homogeneous acylation of chitin can be achieved in the Methane sulfonic acid 70% system. Norio et al. [75] mixed chitin, Methane sulfonic acid 70%, and glacial acetic acid according to different molar ratios, and reacted it at 0°C overnight to obtain acetylated chitin with different DS. In this experiment, a homogeneous phase is gradually formed as the reaction proceeds, which contributes to further acylation. This reaction should be kept at a low temperature to prevent degradation of chitin in acidic conditions. The acylating agent is not limited to carboxylic acid but also acid chloride. Furthermore, Kaifu et al. [78] mixed the chitin, Methane sulfonic acid 70%, and acid chloride first, then the mixture was reacted at 0°C for 2 h, followed by an overnight reaction at –20°C to obtain acylated chitin. By changing the kind and molar amount of acid chloride, hexanoylation, oxime acylation, and dodecyl acylation of chitin with different DS can be obtained, of which DS can be up to 1.9. In this process, the crystallinity of chitin can be effectively destroyed by further acylation by reacting at –20°C overnight. In general, the acylation ability of the acid chloride is higher than that of the carboxylic acid. The larger the acylation group, the greater the damage to the crystalline region of chitin. c. Dilute Methane sulfonic acid 70% in Dioxane–Dichloromethane This diluted Methane sulfonic acid 70% (MSA) system, which uses 0.5 M MSA in 1:9 (v/v) dioxane–CH2Cl2 (Kiso et al., 1992b), is primarily used in SPPS. The advantages are as follows: (i) elimination of side-chain protecting groups is reduced compared to the conventional 45% TFA/CH2Cl2 method, and (ii) pyroglutamyl formation from glutamine-containing peptides is similarly decreased relative to the use of 4 N HCl/dioxane. Using the MSA deprotection system, Kiso et al. (1990a) developed an efficient method for SPPS consisting of in situ neutralization and the rapid coupling reaction using BOP or BOI reagent activation (Kiso et al., 1990a) (Fig. 7). Porcine brain natriuretic peptide (pBNP) was synthesized successfully using this method (Kiso et al., 1992b). 10.14.10.6 DMSO and Methane sulfonic acid 70% DMSO and Methane sulfonic acid 70% are two of the most important organic oxidation products of DMS. It is not entirely clear how Methane sulfonic acid 70%, CH3S(O)(O)(OH), forms, but methanesulfinic acid, CH3S(O)(OH)CH3, has been reported during oxidation in OH–DMS systems. Further addition of OH to methanesulfinic acid, followed by reaction with oxygen, can yield Methane sulfonic acid 70%. At lower temperatures found in the Arctic, there are a wide variety of oxidation products of DMS that include the MSA, DMS, and dimethylsulfone, CH3S(O)(O)CH3. WHAT IS METHANE SULPHONIC ACID 70% Methane sulphonic acid 70%, also known as methane sulfonic acid 70% or mesylic acid. It is widely used as an acid catalyst and solvent in organic reactions in biological and agricultural industry. It is also a key ingredient in plating various metals to print circuit board manufacture in electric industry. Besides, Methane sulphonic acid 70% is popularly used in textile treatment, and the production of plastics and polymers. Synonyms: Methane sulfonic acid 70%, Methane sulphonic acid 70%, Mesylate, Methylsulfonate, Methane sulfonic acid 70%, MSA INCI: Methane Sulphonic Acid Chemical Formula: CH3SO3H CAS Number: CAS 75-75-2 Ludwigshafen, Germany – December 20, 2018 – BASF intends to expand the production capacity for methane sulfonic acid (MSA) at its Ludwigshafen site by around 65 percent and increase the global capacity to 50,000 metric tons per year. With the investment the company further strengthens its position as the leading global producer of MSA. The volumes from the additional capacity are expected to be available late in 2021 for customers in all regions. “The demand for MSA increased strongly across industries. This expansion will allow us to support the rapid growth of our customers, especially in Asia. Beyond the increase in Ludwigshafen, we evaluate investment options outside of Europe to continuously expand our MSA capacities,” says Martin Widmann, Global Strategic Marketing and Development, Care Chemicals division at BASF. “We focus our extensive know-how and highly efficient manufacturing processes on our customers’ needs to enhance their applications’ performance, sustainability and efficacy." Sustainable alternative to conventional acids Methane sulfonic acid is a strong organic acid used in numerous applications ranging from chemical and biofuel synthesis to industrial cleaning and metal surface treatment in the electronics industry. The expansion is in line with the trend for top-performance and at the same time environmentally friendly technologies in various industries. BASF’s proprietary process enables the production of Lutropur® MSA – a high-purity methane sulfonic acid. Lutropur MSA is a sustainable alternative to other acids such as sulfuric, phosphoric or acetic acid. As part of the natural sulfur cycle MSA is readily biodegradable. Further benefits in practical applications come, for example, from its nonoxidizing nature, the high solubility of its salts and the absence of color and odor. As already announced at the end of 2018, BASF will proceed with expanding global capacities for methane sulfonic acid (MSA) to 50,000 metric tons per year. This involves a higher double-digit million euro investment in constructing a new methane sulfonic acid plant at the Ludwigshafen site. The construction works started recently. The volumes from the additional capacity are expected to be available from the end of 2021 and are dedicated to mainly serve European customers as well as the rapidly growing Asian market. “We want to meet our customers' growing demand for high-quality, sustainable and high-performance technologies in the best possible way now and in future. To achieve that, we continuously invest in expanding our capacities and production technologies. To this end, we acquired an innovative process approach for producing MSA from Grillo-Werke AG in mid 2019 to strengthen our own R&D activities and to accelerate the development of a new manufacturing process for methane sulfonic acid. In doing so, we support as reliable partner the growth of our customers across the world,” said Ralph Schweens, President Care Chemicals, BASF. Sustainable alternative to conventional acids Methane sulfonic acid is a strong organic acid used in numerous applications ranging from chemical and biofuel synthesis to industrial cleaning and metal surface treatment in the electronics industry. BASF's high-purity methane sulfonic acid – sold under the brand name Lutropur® MSA – is a sustainable alternative to other acids such as sulfuric, phosphoric or acetic acid. As part of the natural sulfur cycle, Lutropur MSA is readily biodegradable. Further benefits of using methane sulfonic acid come from its non-oxidizing character, the high solubility of its salts and the absence of color and odor. Product overview MSA (Methane Sulfonic Acid 70% - CAS 75-75-2) is a strong acid widely used as a catalyst (esterification, alkylation, etc.) thanks to its performances, it is an interesting substitute for organic and inorganic strong acids in various applications. Ester quality, easy recyclability and "green" effluent are part of the major methane sulfonic acid 70% advantage is in esterification. Methane sulfonic acid 70% Jump to navigationJump to search Methane sulfonic acid 70% Structural formula of Methane sulfonic acid 70% Ball-and-stick model of Methane sulfonic acid 70% Names IUPAC name Methane sulfonic acid 70% Other names Methylsulfonic acid, MSA Identifiers CAS Number 75-75-2 check 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:27376 check ChemSpider 6155 check ECHA InfoCard 100.000.817 Edit this at Wikidata EC Number 200-898-6 PubChem CID 6395 UNII 12EH9M7279 check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID4026422 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula CH4O3S Molar mass 96.10 g·mol−1 Appearance Clear, colourless liquid Density 1.48 g/cm3 Melting point 17 to 19 °C (63 to 66 °F; 290 to 292 K) Boiling point 167 °C (333 °F; 440 K) at 10 mmHg, 122 °C/1 mmHg Solubility in water miscible Solubility Miscible with methanol, diethyl ether. Immiscible with hexane log P -2.424[1] Acidity (pKa) −1.9[2] Hazards Safety data sheet Oxford MSDS EU classification (DSD) (outdated) Harmful (Xn), Corrosive (C) Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). check verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Methane sulfonic acid 70% (MsOH) or methanesulphonic acid (in British English) is a colorless liquid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H. It is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids. Salts and esters of Methane sulfonic acid 70% are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate). It is hygroscopic in its concentrated form. Methane sulfonic acid 70% may be considered an intermediate compound between sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and methylsulfonylmethane ((CH3)2SO2), effectively replacing an –OH group with a –CH3 group at each step. This pattern can extend no further in either direction without breaking down the –SO2– group. Methane sulfonic acid 70% can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloric or sulfuric acid.[3] Contents 1 Applications 1.1 Electroplating 2 See also 3 References Applications Methane sulfonic acid 70% is used as an acid catalyst in organic reactions because it is a non-volatile, strong acid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is convenient for industrial applications because it is liquid at ambient temperature, while the closely related p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is solid. However, in a laboratory setting, solid PTSA is more convenient. Methane sulfonic acid 70% can be used in the generation of borane (BH3) by reacting Methane sulfonic acid 70% with NaBH4 in an aprotic solvent such as THF or DMS, the complex of BH3 and the solvent is formed.[4] Electroplating Solutions of Methane sulfonic acid 70% are used for the electroplating of tin and tin-lead solders. It is displacing the use of fluoroboric acid, which releases corrosive and volatile hydrogen fluoride.[5] Methane sulfonic acid 70% is also a primary ingredient in rust and scale removers.[6] It is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack. See also TrifluoroMethane sulfonic acid 70% - the more acidic trifluoro analogue 4.3.3.2.1 Methane sulfonic acid 70% system Methane sulfonic acid 70% with high acidity is not only the catalyst in the process of chitin acylation, but also is a good solvent for partially acylated chitin. Thus homogeneous acylation of chitin can be achieved in the Methane sulfonic acid 70% system. Norio et al. [75] mixed chitin, Methane sulfonic acid 70%, and glacial acetic acid according to different molar ratios, and reacted it at 0°C overnight to obtain acetylated chitin with different DS. In this experiment, a homogeneous phase is gradually formed as the reaction proceeds, which contributes to further acylation. This reaction should be kept at a low temperature to prevent degradation of chitin in acidic conditions. The acylating agent is not limited to carboxylic acid but also acid chloride. Furthermore, Kaifu et al. [78] mixed the chitin, Methane sulfonic acid 70%, and acid chloride first, then the mixture was reacted at 0°C for 2 h, followed by an overnight reaction at –20°C to obtain acylated chitin. By changing the kind and molar amount of acid chloride, hexanoylation, oxime acylation, and dodecyl acylation of chitin with different DS can be obtained, of which DS can be up to 1.9. In this process, the crystallinity of chitin can be effectively destroyed by further acylation by reacting at –20°C overnight. In general, the acylation ability of the acid chloride is higher than that of the carboxylic acid. The larger the acylation group, the greater the damage to the crystalline region of chitin. c. Dilute Methane sulfonic acid 70% in Dioxane–Dichloromethane This diluted Methane sulfonic acid 70% (MSA) system, which uses 0.5 M MSA in 1:9 (v/v) dioxane–CH2Cl2 (Kiso et al., 1992b), is primarily used in SPPS. The advantages are as follows: (i) elimination of side-chain protecting groups is reduced compared to the conventional 45% TFA/CH2Cl2 method, and (ii) pyroglutamyl formation from glutamine-containing peptides is similarly decreased relative to the use of 4 N HCl/dioxane. Using the MSA deprotection system, Kiso et al. (1990a) developed an efficient method for SPPS consisting of in situ neutralization and the rapid coupling reaction using BOP or BOI reagent activation (Kiso et al., 1990a) (Fig. 7). Porcine brain natriuretic peptide (pBNP) was synthesized successfully using this method (Kiso et al., 1992b). 10.14.10.6 DMSO and Methane sulfonic acid 70% DMSO and Methane sulfonic acid 70% are two of the most important organic oxidation products of DMS. It is not entirely clear how Methane sulfonic acid 70%, CH3S(O)(O)(OH), forms, but methanesulfinic acid, CH3S(O)(OH)CH3, has been reported during oxidation in OH–DMS systems. Further addition of OH to methanesulfinic acid, followed by reaction with oxygen, can yield Methane sulfonic acid 70%. At lower temperatures found in the Arctic, there are a wide variety of oxidation products of DMS that include the MSA, DMS, and dimethylsulfone, CH3S(O)(O)CH3. WHAT IS METHANE SULPHONIC ACID 70% Methane sulphonic acid 70%, also known as methane sulfonic acid 70% or mesylic acid. It is widely used as an acid catalyst and solvent in organic reactions in biological and agricultural industry. It is also a key ingredient in plating various metals to print circuit board manufacture in electric industry. Besides, Methane sulphonic acid 70% is popularly used in textile treatment, and the production of plastics and polymers. Synonyms: Methane sulfonic acid 70%, Methane sulphonic acid 70%, Mesylate, Methylsulfonate, Methane sulfonic acid 70%, MSA INCI: Methane Sulphonic Acid Chemical Formula: CH3SO3H CAS Number: CAS 75-75-2

Methane sulfonic acid (CH3SO3H, MSA) is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of Methane sulfonic acid in large quantities.
Methane sulfonic acid undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.

CAS: 75-75-2
MF: CH4O3S
MW: 96.11
EINECS: 200-898-6

Methane sulfonic acid is considered a green acid as it is less toxic and corrosive in comparison to mineral acids.
The aqueous Methane sulfonic acid solution has been considered a model electrolyte for electrochemical processes.
Methane sulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane sulfonic acid has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Methane sulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methane sulfonic acid is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.

Methane sulfonic acid is a silicone regularly used in haircare products.
Methane sulfonic acid is known as a good silicone as the polymer structure does not stay and build-up on the hair, it simply evaporates.
Methane sulfonic acid gives hair a silky-smooth texture and provides lots of slip, meaning you can run a comb through your hair while it’s soaking wet without causing snagging or tangling, and therefor not damage the hair.

Methane sulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane sulfonic acid has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Methane sulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methane sulfonic acid is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.
An alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.

Methane sulfonic acid (MSA) is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of Methane sulfonic acid in large quantities.
Methane sulfonic acid undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.
Methane sulfonic acid is considered a green acid as it is less toxic and corrosive in comparison to mineral acids.
The aqueous Methane sulfonic acid solution has been considered a model electrolyte for electrochemical processes.

Methane sulfonic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 17-19 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 167 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.475-1.485 g/mL at 20 °C 1.481 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 3.3 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.429(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility water: soluble1,000 g/L at 20°C
pka: -2.6(at 25℃)
Form: Solution
Color: brown
Specific Gravity: 1.48 (18/4℃)
Water Solubility: Miscible with water. Slightly miscible with benzene and toluene. Immiscible with paraffins.
λmax λ: 240-320 nm Amax: <0.4
Sensitive: Light Sensitive & Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,5954
BRN: 1446024
Stability: Stable. Moisture sensitive. Incompatible with amines, bases, water, common metals. Releases a substantial amount of heat when diluted with water (add acid to water with care if diluting).
InChIKey: AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 75-75-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: CH3SO3H(75-75-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Methane sulfonic acid (75-75-2)

Methane sulfonic acid, the simplest alkanesulfonic acid, is a colorless or slightly brown oily liquid, appearing as solid at low temperatures.
Methane sulfonic acid has a melting temperature of 20 °C, the boiling point of 167 °C (13.33 kPa), 122 °C (0.133 kPa), the relative density of 1.4812 (18 ℃) and refractive index 1.4317 (16 ℃).
Methane sulfonic acid is soluble in water, alcohol and ether, insoluble in alkanes, benzene and toluene.
Methane sulfonic acid will not subject to decomposition in boiling water and hot alkaline solution.
Methane sulfonic acid also has strong corrosion effect against the metal iron, copper and lead.

Methane sulfonic acid is a colourless or light yellow liquid having a melting point of 20° C, is a strong acid acting corroding but not oxidizing.
Methane sulfonic acid is used in the electroplating industry and for organic syntheses, in particular as a catalyst for alkylations, esterifications, and polymerizations.
Beyond that, methane sulfonic acid is used as a starting material for the preparation of methanesulfonyl chloride.

Uses
Methane sulfonic acid is a raw material for medicine and pesticide.
Methane sulfonic acid can also be used as dehydrating agent, curing accelerator for coating, treating agent for fiber, solvent, catalysis, and esterification as well as polymerization reaction.
Methane sulfonic acid can be used as solvent, alkylation, catalyst of esterification and polymerization, also used in medicine and electroplating industry.
Methane sulfonic acid can also be applied to oxidation.
Methane sulfonic acid has been developed as an esterification catalyst in place of sulfuric acid for the synthesis of resins in paints and coatings.
One of the major advantages of methane sulfonic acid over sulfuric acid is that it is not an oxidizing species.
Methane sulfonic acid is used as a catalyst in organic reactions namely esterification, alkylation and condensation reactions due to its non- volatile nature and solubility in organic solvents.

Methane sulfonic acid is also involved in the production of starch esters, wax oxidate esters, benzoic acid esters, phenolic esters, or alkyl esters.
Methane sulfonic acid reacts with sodium borohydride in presence of polar solvent tetrahydrofuran to prepare borane-tetrahydrofuran complex.
Methane sulfonic acid finds application in batteries, because of its purity and chloride absence.
In pharmaceutical industry, Methane sulfonic acid is used for the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients like telmisartan and eprosartan.
Methane sulfonic acid is useful in ion chromatography and is a source of carbon and energy for some gram-negative methylotropic bacteria.
Methane sulfonic acid is involved in the deprotection of peptides.
For complete protein and peptide hydrolysis with tryptophan recovery.
After hydrolysis the samples are diluted prior to amino acid analysis.

Production method
Methane sulfonic acid can be obtained through the nitrate oxidation of thiocyanate methyl.
Nitric acid and negative water are heated carefully to 80-88 °C with fractional addition of methyl thiocyanate and the temperature being automatically rose to about 105 ℃.
After the reaction becomes mild, the reaction was heated to 120 ° C and reacted for 5 hours to obtain a crude product.
The crude product was diluted with exchanged water and adjusted to pH 8-9 by addition of 25% barium hydroxide solution and filtered.
The filtrate is condensed to until crystalline precipitation.
The crystal is washed by methanol to remove the nitrate to obtain the barium methane sulfonate.

Methane sulfonic acid is then added to the exchanged water to boiling, add sulfuric acid for decomposition while Methane sulfonic acid is hot, filter and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to no water to obtain the finished product.
Another method is that the methyl isothiourea sulfate is successively subject to chlorination, oxidation and hydrolysis to derive the finished product.
Methyl isothiourea sulfate was added to the water; and the chlorine is sent into at 20-25 ° C to until phenomenon such as solution color is turned into yellow; oil layer emerges in the bottom of the bottle; the temperature drop and large number of residual chlorine is discharged from the exhaust pipe; this indicates the end point of the reaction.
The reaction solution was extracted with chloroform.

After drying, the extract was distilled at 60-62 ° C under normal pressure to remove the chloroform, and then further subject to distillation under reduced pressure.
Collect the 60-65 °C (2.67 kPa) fraction was to obtain the methanesulfonyl chloride.
Add the base drop wise under stirring to 80 ℃ hot water and maintain the heat hydrolysis for about 2h, to until the reaction liquid droplets completely disappear.
The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to a syrupy form, diluted with water, and concentrated under reduced pressure to until no more water was distilled off to obtain methanesulfonic acid.

Preparation
Methane sulfonic acid is produced predominantly by oxidizing methylthiol or dimethyl disulfide using nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine or by employing electrochemical processes.

Synonyms
METHANESULFONIC ACID
75-75-2
Methylsulfonic acid
Methanesulphonic acid
Mesylic acid
Methanesulfonicacid
Sulfomethane
Kyselina methansulfonova
Methansulfonsaeure
NSC 3718
CCRIS 2783
HSDB 5004
EINECS 200-898-6
METHANE SULFONIC ACID
BRN 1446024
DTXSID4026422
MSA
UNII-12EH9M7279
CHEBI:27376
Kyselina methansulfonova [Czech]
AI3-28532
NSC-3718
CH3SO3H
MFCD00007518
CH4O3S
12EH9M7279
DTXCID806422
22515-76-0
NSC3718
EC 200-898-6
4-04-00-00010 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
J1.465F
ammoniummethanesulfonate
METHANESULFONIC ACID (II)
METHANESULFONIC ACID [II]
CH4O3S.H3N
C-H4-O3-S.H3-N
Methanesulfonic acid, ammonium salt
Methanesulfonic acid, ammonium salt (1:1)
metanesulfonic acid
methansulfonic acid
MsOH
methansulphonic acid
methylsulphonic acid
03S
methyl sulfonic acid
methyl-sulfonic acid
methane-sulfonic acid
MeSO3H
methane sulphonic acid
methanesulphonic-acid-
LACTIC ACID(DL)
CH3SO2OH
H3CSO3H
WLN: WSQ1
Methanesulfonic acid solution
Methanesulfonic acid, 99.5%
Methanesulfonic acid, anhydrous
CHEMBL3039600
DL-MALICACIDMONOSODIUMSALT
Methanesulfonic Acid (CH3SO3H)
METHANESULFONIC ACID [MI]
Methanesulfonic acid, HPLC grade
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%
METHANESULFONIC ACID [HSDB]
Tox21_201073
STL264182
AKOS009146947
AT25153
CAS-75-75-2
NCGC00248914-01
NCGC00258626-01
BP-12823
LS-90299
FT-0628287
M0093
M2059
EN300-29198
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%, ReagentPlus(R)
Methanesulfonic acid, for HPLC, >=99.5% (T)
A934985
Q414168
J-521696
Methanesulfonic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
F1908-0093
Z281776238
InChI=1/CH4O3S/c1-5(2,3)4/h1H3,(H,2,3,4

Methane sulfonic acid (CH3SO3H, MSA) is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of Methane sulfonic acid in large quantities.
Methane sulfonic acid undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.

CAS: 75-75-2
MF: CH4O3S
MW: 96.11
EINECS: 200-898-6

Methane sulfonic acid (MsOH) or methanesulphonic acid (in British English) is an organosulfuric, colorless liquid with the molecular formula CH3SO3H and structure H3C−S(=O)2−OH.
Methane sulfonic acid is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids (R−S(=O)2−OH).
Salts and esters of methane sulfonic acid are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate).
Methane sulfonic acid is hygroscopic in its concentrated form.
Methane sulfonic acid can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

Methane sulfonic acid is considered a green acid as it is less toxic and corrosive in comparison to mineral acids.
The aqueous Methane sulfonic acid solution has been considered a model electrolyte for electrochemical processes.
Methane sulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane sulfonic acid has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.
Methane sulfonic acid is an alkanesulfonic acid and a one-carbon compound.
Methane sulfonic acid is a conjugate acid of a methanesulfonate.

An alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl.
Methane sulfonic acid is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of Methane sulfonic acid in large quantities.
MSA undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.
Methane sulfonic acid is considered a green acid as it is less toxic and corrosive in comparison to mineral acids.

The aqueous Methane sulfonic acid solution has been considered a model electrolyte for electrochemical processes.
Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes.
May be corrosive to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
Explosive reaction with ethyl vinyl ether.
Incompatible with hydrogen fluoride.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx.

Methane sulphonic acid, also known as methanesulfonic acid or mesylic acid.
Methane sulfonic acid is widely used as an acid catalyst and solvent in organic reactions in biological and agricultural industry.
Methane sulfonic acid is also a key ingredient in plating various metals to print circuit board manufacture in electric industry.
Besides, Methane sulfonic acid is popularly used in textile treatment, and the production of plastics and polymers.
Methane sulfonic acid is a strong organic acid.
The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of Methane sulfonic acid in large quantities.
Methane sulfonic acid undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate.

Methane sulfonic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 17-19 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 167 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.475-1.485 g/mL at 20 °C 1.481 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 3.3 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.429(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: water: soluble1,000 g/L at 20°C
pka: -2.6(at 25℃)
Form: Solution
Color: brown
Specific Gravity: 1.48 (18/4℃)
Water Solubility: Miscible with water.
Slightly miscible with benzene and toluene.
Immiscible with paraffins.
λmax λ: 240-320 nm Amax: <0.4
Sensitive: Light Sensitive & Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,5954
BRN: 1446024
Stability: Stable. Moisture sensitive.
Incompatible with amines, bases, water, common metals.
Releases a substantial amount of heat when diluted with water (add acid to water with care if diluting).
InChIKey: AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 75-75-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: CH3SO3H(75-75-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Methane sulfonic acid (75-75-2)

Methane sulfonic acid, the simplest alkanesulfonic acid, is a colorless or slightly brown oily liquid, appearing as solid at low temperatures.
Methane sulfonic acid has a melting temperature of 20 °C, the boiling point of 167 °C (13.33 kPa), 122 °C (0.133 kPa), the relative density of 1.4812 (18 ℃) and refractive index 1.4317 (16 ℃).
Methane sulfonic acid is soluble in water, alcohol and ether, insoluble in alkanes, benzene and toluene.
Methane sulfonic acid will not subject to decomposition in boiling water and hot alkaline solution.
Methane sulfonic acid also has strong corrosion effect against the metal iron, copper and lead.

Methane sulfonic acid is a colourless or light yellow liquid having a melting point of 20° C, is a strong acid acting corroding but not oxidizing.
Methane sulfonic acid is used in the electroplating industry and for organic syntheses, in particular as a catalyst for alkylations, esterifications, and polymerizations.
Beyond that, methane sulfonic acid is used as a starting material for the preparation of methanesulfonyl chloride.

History and Preparation / Manufacturing
The first commercial production of Methane sulfonic acid, developed in the 1940s by Standard Oil of Indiana (USA), was based on oxidation of methylsulfide by O2 from air.
Although inexpensive, this process suffered from a poor product quality and explosion hazards.

In 1967, the Pennwalt Corporation (USA) developed a different process for methylsulfide (as an water-based emulsion) oxidation using chlorine.
In 2022 this chlorine-oxidation process was used only by Arkema SA (France) for making high-purity Methane sulfonic acid.
This process is not popular on a large scale, because Methane sulfonic acid co-produces large quantities of hydrochloric acid.

Between years 1970 and 2000 Methane sulfonic acid was used only on a relatively small-scale in niche markets (e.g., in the microelectronic and electroplating industries since the 1980s), which was mainly due to its rather high price and limited availability.
However, this situation changed around 2003, when BASF launched commercial production of Methane sulfonic acid in Ludwigshafen based on a modified version of the aforementioned air oxidation process, using dimethyldisulfide instead of methylsulfide.
The former is produced in one step from methanol from syngas, hydrogen and sulfur.

An even better (lower-cost and environmentally friendlier) process of making methane sulfonic acid was developed ca. 2016 by Grillo-Werke AG (Germany).
Methane sulfonic acid is based on a direct reaction between methane and oleum at ca. 50 °C and 100 bar in the presence of a potassium persulfate initiator.

Uses
Methane sulfonic acid is a raw material for medicine and pesticide.
Methane sulfonic acid can also be used as dehydrating agent, curing accelerator for coating, treating agent for fiber, solvent, catalysis, and esterification as well as polymerization reaction.
Methane sulfonic acid can be used as solvent, alkylation, catalyst of esterification and polymerization, also used in medicine and electroplating industry.
Methane sulfonic acid can also be applied to oxidation.
Methane sulfonic acid has been developed as an esterification catalyst in place of sulfuric acid for the synthesis of resins in paints and coatings.

One of the major advantages of methane sulfonic acid over sulfuric acid is that it is not an oxidizing species.
Methane sulfonic acid is used as a catalyst in organic reactions namely esterification, alkylation and condensation reactions due to its non- volatile nature and solubility in organic solvents.
Methane sulfonic acid is also involved in the production of starch esters, wax oxidate esters, benzoic acid esters, phenolic esters, or alkyl esters.
Methane sulfonic acid reacts with sodium borohydride in presence of polar solvent tetrahydrofuran to prepare borane-tetrahydrofuran complex.

Methane sulfonic acid finds application in batteries, because of its purity and chloride absence.
In pharmaceutical industry, Methane sulfonic acid is used for the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients like telmisartan and eprosartan.
Methane sulfonic acid is useful in ion chromatography and is a source of carbon and energy for some gram-negative methylotropic bacteria.
Methane sulfonic acid is involved in the deprotection of peptides.
For complete protein and peptide hydrolysis with tryptophan recovery.
After hydrolysis the samples are diluted prior to amino acid analysis.

Since ca. 2000 methane sulfonic acid has become a popular replacement for other acids in numerous industrial and laboratory applications, because it is:

(1) a strong acid,
(2) has a low vapor pressure (see boiling points in the "Properties" inset),
(3) is not an oxidant or explosive, like nitric, sulfuric or perchloric acids.
(4) is liquid at room temperature,
(5) soluble in many organic solvents,
(6) forms water-soluble salts with all inorganic cations and with most organic cations,
(7) does not form complexes with metal ions in water,
(8) its anion, mesylate, is non-toxic and suitable for pharmaceutical preparations.

A the closely related p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is solid.
Methane sulfonic acid can be used in the generation of borane (BH3) by reacting methanesulfonic acid with NaBH4 in an aprotic solvent such as THF or DMSO, the complex of BH3 and the solvent is formed.

Electroplating
Solutions of methane sulfonic acid are used for the electroplating of tin and tin-lead solders.
Methane sulfonic acid is displacing the use of fluoroboric acid, which releases corrosive and volatile hydrogen fluoride.

Methane sulfonic acid is also a primary ingredient in rust and scale removers.
Methane sulfonic acid is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack.
Methane sulfonic acid may be used:As a catalyst to produce linear alkylbenzenes by the addition reaction between long-chain olefins and benzene.
To prepare polyaniline (PANI)/graphene composites with enhanced thermal and electrical properties.
As a catalyst for the transformation of glucose/xylose mixtures to levulinic acid and furfural.

Production Method
Methane sulfonic acid can be obtained through the nitrate oxidation of thiocyanate methyl.
Nitric acid and negative water are heated carefully to 80-88 °C with fractional addition of methyl thiocyanate and the temperature being automatically rose to about 105 ℃.
After the reaction becomes mild, the reaction was heated to 120 ° C and reacted for 5 hours to obtain a crude product.
The crude product was diluted with exchanged water and adjusted to pH 8-9 by addition of 25% barium hydroxide solution and filtered.
The filtrate is condensed to until crystalline precipitation.

The crystal is washed by methanol to remove the nitrate to obtain the barium methanesulfonate.
Methane sulfonic acid is then added to the exchanged water to boiling, add sulfuric acid for decomposition while it is hot, filter and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to no water to obtain the finished product.
Another method is that the methyl isothiourea sulfate is successively subject to chlorination, oxidation and hydrolysis to derive the finished product.
Methyl isothiourea sulfate was added to the water; and the chlorine is sent into at 20-25 ° C to until phenomenon such as solution color is turned into yellow; oil layer emerges in the bottom of the bottle; the temperature drop and large number of residual chlorine is discharged from the exhaust pipe; this indicates the end point of the reaction.

The reaction solution was extracted with chloroform.
After drying, the extract was distilled at 60-62 ° C under normal pressure to remove the chloroform, and then further subject to distillation under reduced pressure.
Collect the 60-65 °C (2.67 kPa) fraction was to obtain the methanesulfonyl chloride.
Add the base drop wise under stirring to 80 ℃ hot water and maintain the heat hydrolysis for about 2h, to until the reaction liquid droplets completely disappear.
The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to a syrupy form, diluted with water, and concentrated under reduced pressure to until no more water was distilled off to obtain methanesulfonic acid.

Preparation
Methane sulfonic acid is produced predominantly by oxidizing methylthiol or dimethyl disulfide using nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine or by employing electrochemical processes.

Synonyms
METHANESULFONIC ACID
75-75-2
Methylsulfonic acid
Methanesulphonic acid
Methanesulfonicacid
Mesylic acid
Kyselina methansulfonova
Sulfomethane
Methansulfonsaeure
NSC 3718
METHANE SULFONIC ACID
CH3SO3H
MFCD00007518
DTXSID4026422
CHEBI:27376
22515-76-0
MSA
NSC-3718
12EH9M7279
ammoniummethanesulfonate
CCRIS 2783
Kyselina methansulfonova [Czech]
HSDB 5004
EINECS 200-898-6
CH4O3S
BRN 1446024
AI3-28532
UNII-12EH9M7279
metanesulfonic acid
methansulfonic acid
MsOH
methansulphonic acid
methylsulphonic acid
03S
methyl sulfonic acid
methyl-sulfonic acid
methane-sulfonic acid
MeSO3H
methane sulphonic acid
methanesulphonic-acid-
LACTIC ACID(DL)
ammonium methanesulphonate
CH3SO2OH
H3CSO3H
WLN: WSQ1
EC 200-898-6
Methane Sulfonic Acid 99%
Methanesulfonic acid solution
4-04-00-00010 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Methanesulfonic acid, 99.5%
Methanesulfonic acid, anhydrous
DTXCID806422
CHEMBL3039600
DL-MALICACIDMONOSODIUMSALT
METHANESULFONIC ACID [II]
METHANESULFONIC ACID [MI]
Methanesulfonic acid, HPLC grade
NSC3718
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%
METHANESULFONIC ACID [HSDB]
Tox21_201073
STL264182
AKOS009146947
AT25153
J1.465F
CAS-75-75-2
NCGC00248914-01
NCGC00258626-01
BP-12823
DB-075013
FT-0628287
M0093
M2059
EN300-29198
Methanesulfonic acid, >=99.0%, ReagentPlus(R)
Methanesulfonic acid, for HPLC, >=99.5% (T)
A934985
Q414168
J-521696
Methanesulfonic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
F1908-0093
Z281776238

SYNONYMS MSA, Sulphomethane; Acide methanesulfonique;Acide methanesulfonique, Kyselina methansulfonova; Methylsulphonic acid; ácido metanosulfónico; Methansulfonsäure; cas no: 75-75-2

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has the chemical formula C3H4O4.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in Water, Ether, and Alcohol.


CAS Number: 141-82-2
EC Number: 205-503-0
MDL number: MFCD00002707
Linear Formula: CH2(COOH)2
Molecular Formula: C3H4O4 / COOHCH2COOH



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Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also known as Propanedioic acid or Dicarboxymethane.
The name is derived from the Greek word Malon which means apple.
Malonate is the ionized form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), along with its esters and salt.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a white crystal or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) dissolves in alcohol, pyridine, and ether.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was first prepared in the year, 1858 by the French chemist Victor Dessaignes by the oxidation of malic acid.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is found in some fruits viz citrus fruits.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be produced through the fermentation of glucose.
Industrially, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is produced by the hydrolysis of diethyl malonate or dimethyl malonate.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a forerunner to polyester specialities.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionised form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.


For example, diethyl malonate is Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.
The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the archetypal example of a competitive inhibitor: It acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has the chemical formula C3H4O4.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in Water, Ether, and Alcohol.


Upon heating to decomposition temperature, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) emits irritating fumes and acrid smoke.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a precursor for conversion to 1,3-propanediol, which is a compound used in polyesters and polymers with the huge market size.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), also known as malonate or H2MALO is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2, belonging to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.
These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.


The ionised form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.
The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the archetypal example of a competitive inhibitor: it acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Within humans, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and acetic acid can be converted into acetoacetic acid, which is mediated by the enzyme fatty acid synthase.


Beta ketoacyl synthase domain.
In addition, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)d and coenzyme A can be biosynthesized from malonyl-CoA through its interaction with the enzyme fatty acid synthase. malonyl/acetyl transferase domain.


A Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
In humans, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Outside of the human body, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as red beetroots, corns, scarlet beans, common beets, and cow milks.


This could make Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), also known as malonate or H2MALO, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.


These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.


Within yeast, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and acetic acid can be converted into acetoacetic acid through the action of the enzyme fatty acid synthase.


Beta ketoacyl synthase domain.
In addition, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be biosynthesized from malonyl-CoA through its interaction with the enzyme fatty acid synthase. malonyl/acetyl transferase domain.


In yeast, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is involved in the metabolic pathway called fatty acid biosynthesis pathway.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has a white crystal or crystalline powder structure.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is naturally occurring and can be found in many vegetables, fruits.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was first prepared by Victor Dessaignes by the oxidation reaction of malic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the second smallest aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with oxalic acid being the smallest.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be confused with maleic or malic acid as both contain two carboxyl groups, but it is different.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) differs from these two acids in terms of properties, structure, etc.
The name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is derived from the Greek word Malon which means apple.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) on heating gives acetic acid.


French Chemist Victor Dessaignes was the first person to prepare this acid in 1858 by oxidation of malic acid.
Its name originated from the Greek word Malon which means Apple.
It is because Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is found in some fruits.


Greater concentrations of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) in citrus are found in fruits generated in organic farming compared to fruits generated in conventional farming.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a white crystalline substance that quickly dissolves in water and oxygenated solutions.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has a breakdown temperature of 135 °C.
Its ionized form, esters and salts are known as malonates, such as the diethyl malonate, which is Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)’s diethyl ester.
The molecular weight of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 104.061 g/mol, and its density is 1.619g/cm3.


Its melting point is 135 to 137°C and Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes above the boiling point of 140°C.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionised form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.


For example, diethyl malonate is Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.
The name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.


The ionized form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s diethyl ester.
The name originates from the Greek word μᾶλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has a role as a human metabolite.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a lipid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a conjugate acid of a malonate(1-).


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in cold water.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), also known as malonate or H2MALO, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.


These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.


Within yeast, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and acetic acid can be converted into acetoacetic acid through the action of the enzyme fatty acid synthase.


Beta ketoacyl synthase domain.
In addition, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be biosynthesized from malonyl-CoA through its interaction with the enzyme fatty acid synthase. malonyl/acetyl transferase domain.


In yeast, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is involved in the metabolic pathway called fatty acid biosynthesis pathway.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), also known as malonate or H2MALO, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.


These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.


Within humans, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and acetic acid can be converted into acetoacetic acid; which is mediated by the enzyme fatty acid synthase.


Beta ketoacyl synthase domain.
In addition, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and coenzyme A can be biosynthesized from malonyl-CoA through its interaction with the enzyme fatty acid synthase.


malonyl/acetyl transferase domain.
An Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
In humans, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.


Outside of the human body, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as red beetroots, corns, scarlet beans, common beets, and cow milks.
This could make Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as eosinophilic esophagitis, combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria, and early preeclampsia; Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.
These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid that forms a solid at room temperature.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid used as a precursor to certain polyesters and is a component in alkyd resins.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid belonging to the family of carboxylic acids.
A dicarboxylic acid contains two carboxylic acid functional groups. Usually, a dicarboxylic acid exhibits the same chemical behavior as monocarboxylic acids.


This naturally occurs in certain fruits.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a useful organic compound with various benefits.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s IUPAC name is propanedioic acid.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) should not be confused with malic or maleic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C3H4O4.
Dicarboxylic acids are organic compounds containing two carboxylic acid functional groups.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), Reagent is a dicarboxylic acid which name originates from the Greek work, malon, meaning apple.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) contains calcium salt in high concentrations of beetroot.
Normally Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid also referred to as propanedioic acid.
On the Kofler bench, the powdery body melts around 136°C and evaporates gradually.
Some impurities coat crystals which makes the determination of the melting point of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) very imprecise.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionized form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a building block in organic synthesis.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which is used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in cold water.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has three kinds of crystal forms, of which two are triclinic, and one is monoclinic.


That crystallized from ethanol is white triclinic crystals.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes to acetic acid and carbon dioxide at 140℃.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) does not decompose at 1.067×103~1.333×103Pa vacuum, but directly sublimates.


The ionised form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.
For example, diethyl malonate is Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s ethyl ester.
The name originates from Latin malum, meaning apple.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has a role as a human metabolite.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a conjugate acid of a malonate(1-).


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) sublimes in vacuum.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is water soluble.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), also known as propanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C3H4O4.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a white crystalline solid with a sour taste and is soluble in water and ethanol.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionized form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.


Dicarboxylic acids generally show the same chemical behaviour and reactivity as monocarboxylic acids.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a substance found in some fruits that occurs naturally.
Fruits generated in organic farming contain greater concentrations of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) in citrus compared to fruits generated in conventional farming.


The IUPAC name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is propanedioic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the archetypal instance of a competitive inhibitor: it functions in the respiratory electron transport chain against succinate dehydrogenase.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is correlated with deficiency of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, an inborn metabolism mistake.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) sublimes in vacuum.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has a role as a human metabolite.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a conjugate acid of a malonate(1-).


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Meum athamanticum, and other organisms with data available.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
The ionized form of malonic acid, as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.


For example, diethyl malonate is malonic acid's diethyl ester.
The name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) originates from the Greek word μᾶλον (malon) meaning 'apple'.



USES and APPLICATIONS of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a precursor to specialty polyesters.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be converted into 1,3-propanediol for use in polyesters and polymers (whose usefulness is unclear though).


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can also be a component in alkyd resins, which are used in a number of coatings applications for protecting against damage caused by UV light, oxidation, and corrosion.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in pharmaceutical products.


One application of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is in the coatings industry as a crosslinker for low-temperature cure powder coatings, which are becoming increasingly valuable for heat sensitive substrates and a desire to speed up the coatings process.
The global coatings market for automobiles was estimated to be $18.59 billion in 2014 with projected combined annual growth rate of 5.1% through 2022.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in a number of manufacturing processes as a high value specialty chemical including the electronics industry, flavors and fragrances industry, specialty solvents, polymer crosslinking, and pharmaceutical industry.
In 2004, annual global production of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and related diesters was over 20,000 metric tons.


Potential growth of these markets could result from advances in industrial biotechnology that seeks to displace petroleum-based chemicals in industrial applications.
In 2004, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was listed by the US Department of Energy as one of the top 30 chemicals to be produced from biomass.


In food and drug applications, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be used to control acidity, either as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulation or natural preservative additive for foods.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a building block chemical to produce numerous valuable compounds, including the flavor and fragrance compounds gamma-nonalactone, cinnamic acid, and the pharmaceutical compound valproate.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has been used to cross-link corn and potato starches to produce a biodegradable thermoplastic; the process is performed in water using non-toxic catalysts.
Starch-based polymers comprised 38% of the global biodegradable polymers market in 2014 with food packaging, foam packaging, and compost bags as the largest end-use segments.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a precursor in polymers and polyester.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in flavours as well as in the fragrance industry.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used to control acidity.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a cross-linking agent between potato starch and cornstarch to enhance its mechanical properties.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used for the preparation of cinnamic acid, a compound used for the formation of cin metacin which is an anti-inflammatory.


The malonates are used in syntheses of B1 and B6, barbiturates, and several other valuable compounds.
Common Uses of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid): Plating agent, Surface treating agent, Intermediate, Buffer, ans Cross-linking agent.
Commercial/Industrial Applications of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) :Laboratory chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, and Paint industry.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in cosmetics as a buffering and as a flavouring agent in food.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a component of alkyd resins.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in coating applications to protect from UV rays, oxidation, and corrosion.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a building block to many valuable compounds in food and drug applications, pharmaceutical, electronics industry, fragrances, specialty polymer, specialty solvents, and many more.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a cross-linking agent between cornstarch and potato starch to enhance its mechanical properties.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a precursor in polymers and polyester and is used to produce vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, and amino acids.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in flavors as well as in the fragrance industry and electroplating.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also used in chemical synthesis as a building block and is used to control acidity.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in pharmaceutical products and the preparation of barbituric salt.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a building block in organic synthesis.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which are used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a building block in organic synthesis.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which are used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used to produce an enhanced starch-based resin, which is environmentally-benign, uses water-based processing without toxic catalysts.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the synthesis of barbituric acid and its derivatives.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was discovered and identified in 1858 from the oxidation products of apple juice.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is present as a white crystalline powder with no odor but with a high vapor pressure at room temperature.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is however easily soluble in water as well as in pyridine, ethanol, methanol and ether.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is not soluble in benzene.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of barbiturates and other pharmaceuticals.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is acts as a building block in organic synthesis.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which are used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.
This dicarboxylic acid, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), finds application across various industries, including automobiles, food, fragrance, and pharmaceuticals.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a precursor in polyester and other polymers.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used as a flavoring agent in the fragrance industry.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is suitable for controlling acidity.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds usage in pharmaceutical products.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the manufacture of biodegradable containers.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also a component of surgical adhesives.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) serves as a cross-linking agent between cornstarch and potato starch to enhance its properties.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used for the preparation of barbituric salt.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in electroplating.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the production of vitamins– B1, B6, B2, and amino acids.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can also be used as a component in alkyd resins.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is widely used in several coating applications to protect objects against UV light damage, oxidation, and corrosion.


A common application of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is as a crosslinker for low-temperature powder coatings.
These are valuable for heat-sensitive substrates.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is on the US Department of Energy’s list of top chemicals for biomass production.


In food and drug applications, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a natural preservative additive for foods.
Its therapeutic uses include the prevention of resorption of bone tissue in broiler chicks by adding Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) to feed.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a common intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry and is frequently used in veterinary medicine.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also used as a flavouring agent in certain foods.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used to generate countless useful compounds as a construction block chemical.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in the preparation of barbituric salt.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in electroplating.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used to produce vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, and amino acids.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used in chemical synthesis as a building block.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a component used as a stabilizer in many high-end cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also used as building block in chemical synthesis, specifically to introduce the molecular group -CH2-COOH.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used for the introduction of an acetic acid moiety under mild conditions by Knoevenagel condensation and subsequent decarboxylation.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is acts as a building block in organic synthesis.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also useful as a precursor for polyesters and alkyd resins, which is used in coating applications, thereby protecting against UV light, corrosion and oxidation.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts as a cross linker in the coating industry and surgical adhesive.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds application in the production of specialty chemicals, flavors and fragrances, polymer cross linkers and pharmaceuticals.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is commonly used in organic synthesis, specifically in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fragrances.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also used as a pH adjuster in the food industry.


The chemical properties of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) make it a unique and versatile compound in organic chemistry.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) contains two carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) which make it a weak acid with a pKa of 2.8.
Additionally, the presence of two carbonyl groups (-C=O) make Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) a useful compound in organic synthesis.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is often used as a building block in the synthesis of various organic compounds due to its ability to undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also known for its ability to form stable complexes with metal ions.


This property is utilized in analytical chemistry for the determination of metal ions in various samples.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can form chelates with metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, and iron, which are then easily detected and quantified.


In conclusion, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications in various fields.
Its unique chemical properties make Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) a useful building block in organic synthesis and a valuable reagent in analytical chemistry.


Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is used to produce an enhanced starch-based resin, which is environmentally-benign, uses water-based processing without toxic catalysts.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) may be used as a cross-linking agent between corn starch and potato starch to improve its mechanical properties.


-Biotechnological Applications of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid):
The calcium salt of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) occurs in high concentrations in beetroot.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) exists in its normal state as white crystals.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.



STRUCTURE OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Malonic acid Synthesis – C3H4O4:
Preparation of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) starts with chloroacetic acid which is also known as MCA (monochloroacetic acid).
Step 1: Sodium carbonate produces sodium salt.
Step 2: It is made to react with sodium cyanide.
Step 3: cyanoacetic acid salt is generated through nucleophilic substitution.
Step 4: The nitrile group is hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium malonate.
Step 5: The acidification results in Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
*1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
*1,3-dicarbonyl compound
*Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



STRUCTURE AND PREPARATION OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography and extensive property data including for condensed phase thermochemistry are available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
A classical preparation of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) starts from chloroacetic acid:


*Preparation of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) from chloroacetic acid.
Sodium carbonate generates the sodium salt, which is then reacted with sodium cyanide to provide the sodium salt of cyanoacetic acid via a nucleophilic substitution.

The nitrile group can be hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to sodium malonate, and acidification affords Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).
Industrially, however, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is produced by hydrolysis of dimethyl malonate or diethyl malonate.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has also been produced through fermentation of glucose.


*Organic reactions:
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) reacts as a typical carboxylic acid: forming amide, ester, anhydride, and chloride derivatives.
Malonic anhydride can be used as an intermediate to mono-ester or amide derivatives, while malonyl chloride is most useful to obtain diesters or diamides.

In a well-known reaction, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to form barbituric acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) may also be condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid, a versatile intermediate in further transformations.
The esters of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) are also used as a −CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.


*Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis:
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the starting substrate of mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFASII), in which it is converted to malonyl-CoA by malonyl-CoA synthetase (ACSF3).

Additionally, the coenzyme A derivative of malonate, malonyl-CoA, is an important precursor in cytosolic fatty acid biosynthesis along with acetyl CoA.
Malonyl CoA is formed there from acetyl CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the malonate is transferred to an acyl carrier protein to be added to a fatty acid chain.


*Briggs–Rauscher reaction:
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a key component in the Briggs–Rauscher reaction, the classic example of an oscillating chemical reaction.


*Knoevenagel condensation:
In Knoevenagel condensation, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) or its diesters are reacted with the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone, followed by a dehydration reaction.

When Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) itself is used, it is normally because the desired product is one in which a second step has occurred, with loss of carbon dioxide, in the so-called Doebner modification.

Thus, for example, the reaction product of acrolein and Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) in pyridine is trans-2,4-Pentadienoic acid with one carboxylic acid group and not two.


*Preparation of carbon suboxide:
Carbon suboxide is prepared by warming a dry mixture of phosphorus pentoxide (P4O10) and Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).
It reacts in a similar way to malonic anhydride, forming malonates.



FORMULA OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C3H4O4 and structural formula CH2(COOH)2.
Propanedioic acid is the IUPAC name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), and another name for the acid is Methane Dicarboxylic acid.

Malonates are Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s esters and salts.
There are three carbons with four hydrogen molecules and four oxygen molecules attached.
The two OH groups are attached with two carbons



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a white crystalline solid that decomposes at approximately 135°C.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has high solubility in water and oxygenated solvents and exhibits greater acidity than acetic acid, which has a pK value of 4.75.

The pKa values for the loss of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s first and second protons are 2.83 and 5.69, respectively.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is slightly soluble in pyridine.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can decompose to formic acid and carbon dioxide in case of potassium permanganate.

Since Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) generates carbon dioxide and water after heated without pollution problems, it can be directly used as aluminum surface treatment agent.



PREPARATION OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is usually produced from chloroacetic acid.



REACTIONS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The chloroacetic acid is added to the reaction kettle by adding sodium carbonate aqueous solution to generate sodium chloroacetate aqueous solution, and then 30% sodium cyanide solution is slowly added dropwise, and the reaction is carried out at a predetermined temperature to generate sodium cyanoacetate.
After the cyanation reaction is completed, add sodium hydroxide for heating and hydrolysis to generate sodium malonate solution, concentrate, then dropwise add sulfuric acid for acidification to generate Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), filter and dry to obtain the product.



PREPARATION OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
This method often does not produce a pure enough product or the pure product has an extremely low yield.
Industrially, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also produced by hydrolyzing dimethyl malonate or diethyl malonate.
This manufacturing method is able to bring about a higher yield and purity, but the organic synthesis of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) through these processes is extremely costly and environmentally hazardous.



REACTIONS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In a well - known reaction, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to form barbituric acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also frequently used as an enolate in Knoevenagel condensations or condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid.
The esters of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) are also used as a - CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.



BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), in the respiratory electron transport chain.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, competing with the usual substrate succinate but lacking the CH2CH2 group required for dehydrogenation.
This observation was used to deduce the structure of the active site in succinate dehydrogenase.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them.
They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.

Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat.
Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt.
Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water.

Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions.
The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0.
Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt.

Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry.
Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.

Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents.
These reactions generate heat.
A wide variety of products is possible.

Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is incompatible with strong oxidizers.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also incompatible with bases and reducing agents.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Crystallise Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) from *benzene/diethyl ether (1:1) containing 5% of pet ether (b 60-80o), wash with diethyl ether, then recrystallise it from H2O or acetone.
Dry Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) under vacuum over conc H2SO4.



SYNTHESIS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The synthesis of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) starts with chloroacetic acid, also known as Monochloroacetic acid.
The following steps occur during the reaction:
Step 1:- Sodium salt is produced when sodium carbonate breaks down.
Step 2:- Then, the reaction of sodium salt with sodium cyanide is made to occur.
Step 3:- Through nucleophilic substitution, cyanoacetic acid salt is generated.
Step 4:- To produce sodium malonate, the nitrile group is hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide.
Step 5:- Then the acidification yields Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).



REACTION OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
As with other carboxylic acids, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) reacts by producing derivatives of chloride, ester, anhydride, and amide.
Malonyl chloride is best for producing diamides or diesters, although malonic anhydride can be employed as an intermediary to produce mono-ester or amide derivatives.

Barbituric acid is created when Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and urea condense in a well-known process.
Additionally, acetone and propanedioic acid can be combined to generate Meldrum’s acid, a flexible intermediate used in other conversions.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) esters are also utilised in the malonic ester production as a CH2COOH synthon.

Furthermore, the coenzyme Malonyl-CoA, a malonate derivative, is the main precursor in fatty acid biosynthesis, along with acetyl CoA.
By the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, malonyl CoA is generated from acetyl CoA, and the malonate is transported to an acyl carrier protein to be added to a fatty acid chain.

Following are the chemical reactions that involve the Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid):
*Briggs–Rauscher Reaction
*Knoevenagel condensation
*Preparation of carbon suboxide



IUPAC NAME OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structural formula CH2(COOH)2 and chemical formula C3H4O4.
The name Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) originated from the word ‘Malon’ which is Greek for ‘apple’.
The IUPAC name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is Propanedioic acid.

Methane Dicarboxylic acid is another name for Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).
The ester and salts of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) are called malonates.
The dicarboxylic acid has organic reactions similar to the monocarboxylic acid where amide, ester, anhydride, and chloride derivatives are formed.
Lastly, the malonic ester malonate as a coenzyme A derivative malonyl CoA that is as important a precursor as Acetyl CoA in the biosynthesis of fatty acids.



SYNTHESIS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The synthesis of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) usually begins with chloroacetic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also synthesized by cyanoacetic acid or by acid saponification reaction of malonates.
From monochloroacetic acid, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is produced by sodium or potassium cyanide.

The sodium carbonate primarily breaks down to give sodium salt which reacts with sodium cyanide to give sodium salt of cyanoacetic acid by the process of nucleophilic substitution.
Further, via hydrolyzation, the nitrile group binds with sodium malonate, whose acidification results in the production of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).



STRUCTURAL FORMULA OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The structural formula of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be given as:
The Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) Lewis structure has been found by the X-ray crystallography method.
The Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) structure CH2(COOH)2 has two carboxylic acids.
The salts and esters of malonic acid (malonates) have structures similar to Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).



PROPERTIES OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) molecular weight: 104.061 g.mol-1
The density of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 1.619 g/cm3.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) appears as a crystalline powder that is white or colourless.

At the boiling point above 140oC Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes.
The melting point of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 135-137o C.
If heated to decomposition under fire Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) emits carbon oxide fumes and acrid irritating smoke.

Acidity pKa = 2.85 at 25oC.
pKa1 = 2.83, pKa2 = 5.69
The molar heat of combustion of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 864 kJ/mol.

The heat of vaporization of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 92 kJ/mol.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is soluble in water.
Solubility of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 763 g/L.



POLARITY AND SOLUBILITY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a dicarboxylic acid belonging to the family of carboxylic acids.
A dicarboxylic acid contains two carboxylic acid functional groups.
Usually, a dicarboxylic acid exhibits the same chemical behavior as monocarboxylic acids.

This naturally occurs in certain fruits.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a useful organic compound with various benefits.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s IUPAC name is propanedioic acid.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) should not be confused with malic or maleic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an organic compound naturally found in some fruits.
Fruits produced in organic farming have greater concentrations of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) than those generated from conventional farming practices.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is often found in some citrus fruits and vegetables.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a component of food items, it is present in animals, including humans.



POLARITY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Carboxyl group is polar as there is a large difference in the electronegativity values of oxygen and hydrogen.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has two carboxyl groups and only three carbon atoms, which has little effect on polarity, so the malonic acid molecule is polar.



SOLUBILITY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Sample of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was tested with water, methyl alcohol, and hexane.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was soluble in water because both malonic acid and water are polar.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) took 25 seconds for malonic acid to dissolve in water.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was soluble in methyl alcohol because malonic acid is polar and methyl alcohol is intermediately polar, allowing malonic acid to dissolve in the methanol in 15 seconds.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was insoluble in hexane because hexane is nonpolar while malonic acid is polar.



HISTORY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a naturally occurring substance found in many fruits and vegetables.
There is a suggestion that citrus fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was first prepared in 1858 by the French chemist Victor Dessaignes via the oxidation of malic acid.



PATHOLOGY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
If elevated Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) levels are accompanied by elevated methylmalonic acid levels, this may indicate the metabolic disease combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA).
By calculating the Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) to methylmalonic acid ratio in blood plasma, CMAMMA can be distinguished from classic methylmalonic acidemia.



BIOCHEMISTRY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), in the respiratory electron transport chain.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, competing with the usual substrate succinate but lacking the −CH2CH2− group required for dehydrogenation.

This observation was used to deduce the structure of the active site in succinate dehydrogenase.
Inhibition of this enzyme decreases cellular respiration.
Since Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a natural component of many foods, it is present in mammals including humans.



RELATED CHEMICALS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The fluorinated version of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is difluoromalonic acid
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is diprotic; that is, it can donate two protons per molecule.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s first is 2.8 and the second is 5.7.

Thus the malonate ion can be HOOCCH2COO− or CH2(COO)2−2.
Malonate or propanedioate compounds include salts and esters of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), such as Diethyl malonate, Dimethyl malonate, Disodium malonate, and Malonyl-CoA.



CALCULATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The formula of malonic acid is C3H4O4.
The atomic weight of carbon is 12.011.
The atomic weight of oxygen is 15.999.
The atomic weight of hydrogen is 1.00784.

So, its molar mass can be calculated as follows:
= (3 × 12.011) + (4 × 1.00784) + (4 × 15.999)
= 36.033 + 4. 03136 + 63.996
= 104.06 grams/ mol
Thus, the molar mass or molecular weight of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is 104.061 g/mol.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The chemical properties of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) are as follows:

*On Heating:
When It is heated, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) gives acetic acid and carbon dioxide.


*Reaction with Phosphorus Pentoxide:
On heating a dry mixture of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) and phosphorus pentoxide, carbon suboxide is prepared.


*Decomposition:
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) has hazardous decomposition products under fire conditions, including carbon oxides.
Also, when heated, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) decomposes and emits acrid smoke in addition to irritating fumes.


*Organic Reactions:
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) reactions are usually similar to a typical carboxylic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) forms amide, anhydrides, esters, and chloride derivatives on reacting with specific reactants.

Malonic anhydride serves as an intermediate in the formation of amide derivatives.
Malonyl chloride is widely used for obtaining diamides or diesters.
Some of the popular organic reactions involving Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) are as follows:

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to give barbituric acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) also condenses with acetone to produce Meldrum’s acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a versatile intermediate and helps in further transformations.

Malonate’s coenzyme A derivative— malonyl-CoA, acts as an important precursor in fatty acid biosynthesis.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is formed from acetyl CoA when it is acted upon by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
The malonate gets transferred to an acyl carrier protein for its addition to the fatty acid chain.


*Briggs–Rauscher Reaction:
A popular name reaction has Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) as its key component.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an example of an oscillating chemical reaction.


*Knoevenagel Condensation:
The reaction is a modification of the aldol condensation reaction (the reaction between benzaldehyde and acetophenone).
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) involves the interaction of malonic acid or its diesters with the carbonyl group of a ketone or an aldehyde.
This process is followed by a dehydration reaction.



BIOCHEMISTRY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The calcium salt of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) occurs in high concentrations in beetroot.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) exists in its normal state as white crystals.



ORGANIC SYNTHESIS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
A classical preparation of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) starts from acetic acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is chlorinated to chloroacetic acid.
Sodium carbonate generates the sodium salt which is then reacted with sodium cyanide to the cyano acetic acid salt in a nucleophilic substitution.
The nitrile group can be hydrolysed with sodium hydroxide to sodium malonate and acidification affords Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).



ORGANIC REACTIOS OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In a well known reaction Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) condenses with urea to barbituric acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is frequently used as an enolate in Knoevenagel condensations or condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid)'s esters are also used for the -CH2COOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis.



OCCURRENCE OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an organic compound naturally found in some fruits.
Fruits produced in organic farming have greater concentrations of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) than those generated from conventional farming practices.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is often found in some citrus fruits and vegetables.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is a component of food items, it is present in animals, including humans.
The name of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is derived from the Greek word Malon.

It means apple.
The ionized form of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is malonate, along with its salts and esters.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) occurs as a white crystal or crystalline powder in nature.



DID YOU KNOW:
Several food substances contain Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid), including:
● Red beetroots
● Corns
● Common beets
● Scarlet beans
● Cow’s milk
Its occurrence in food items makes Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) a potential biomarker indicating the consumption of these foods.



HISTORY OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
In 1858, Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was prepared for the first time by a French chemist –Victor Dessaignes.
He oxidized malic acid with potassium dichromate, which is a strong oxidizing agent.
Later Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) was found to occur in some fruits viz citrus fruits.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can also be produced by fermenting glucose.



SIGNIFICANCE OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is an example of a competitive inhibitor.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) functions in the ETS chain against succinate dehydrogenase in respiration.

Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is related to a deficiency of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase that leads to an inborn metabolism mistake.
It serves as a potential biomarker for tracking foods that contain Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) finds usage in various industries.



FORMULA OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) formula is C3H4O4.
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is also called propanedioic acid or dicarboxymethane, and the formula is written as CH₂(COOH)₂.

So, the names of C3H4O4 are as follows:
*Malonic acid
*Propanedioic acid
*Carboxy Acetic acid
*Dicarboxymethane
*Methane dicarboxylic acid
*Dicarboxylate
*Dicarboxylic acid
*1,3-Propanedioic acid
*Methane dicarbonic acid
*Propane-1,3-dioic acid



STRUCTURE OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
The structure of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is as follows:
*Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) is diprotic.
*Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can donate two protons per molecule.



CHEMICALS CLOSELY RELATED TO METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
● Difluoro Malonic acid:
It is the fluorinated version of Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).

● Malonate includes esters and salts of malonic acids, such as:
*Disodium malonate
*Diethyl malonate
*Malonyl-CoA
*Dimethyl malonate



PREPARATION OF METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can be prepared with chloroacetic acid (also called mono chloroacetic acid).
Sodium carbonate gives sodium salt.
The salt reacts with sodium cyanide.

Nucleophilic substitution reaction gives rise to cyanoacetic acid salt.
The nitrile group is hydrolyzed with NaOH to produce sodium malonate.
The acidification of sodium malonate gives Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid).

*Industrial Preparation:
Methanedicarboxylic acid (Malonic Acid) can also be produced by hydrolyzing diethyl malonate or dimethyl malonate.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
Physical Appearance: A solid
Storage: Store at -20°C
M.Wt: 104.06
Cas No.: 141-82-2
Formula: C3H4O4
Solubility: ≥10.4 mg/mL in DMSO; ≥104 mg/mL in H2O; ≥119.8 mg/mL in EtOH
Chemical Name: malonic acid
Canonical SMILES: O=C(O)CC(O)=O
Shipping Condition: Small Molecules with Blue Ice, Modified Nucleotides with Dry Ice.
CAS Number: 141-82-2
Molecular Weight: 104.06
Beilstein: 1751370
MDL number: MFCD00002707
Molecular Weight: 104.06 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 2

Exact Mass: 104.01095860 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.01095860 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 83.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: odorless

Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: >= 135 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 215 °C at 18,66 hPa (decomposition)
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 157 °C - c.c.
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 140 °C
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 766 g/l at 20 °C

Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -0,81 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,002 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1,6 g/cm3
Relative density: 1,03 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
CAS Number: 141-82-2
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7) check
Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7)
Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYAJ

SMILES: O=C(O)CC(O)=O
C(C(=O)O)C(=O)O
Chemical formula: C3H4O4
Molar mass: 104.061 g·mol−1
Density: 1.619 g/cm3
Melting point: 135 to 137 °C (275 to 279 °F; 408 to 410 K) (decomposes)
Boiling point: decomposes
Solubility in water: 763 g/L
Acidity (pKa): pKa1 = 2.83
pKa2 = 5.69
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -46.3·10−6 cm3/mol
Chemical Formula: C3H4O4
Average Molecular Weight: 104.0615
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 104.010958616
IUPAC Name: propanedioic acid
Traditional Name: malonic acid

CAS Registry Number: 141-82-2
SMILES: OC(=O)CC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7)
InChI Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight： 104.06100
Exact Mass： 104.06
EC Number： 205-503-0
UNII： 9KX7ZMG0MK
ICSC Number： 1085
NSC Number： 8124
DSSTox ID： DTXSID7021659
Color/Form： White crystals|Crystalline powder
Colorless hygroscopic solid which sublimes in vacuum
HScode： 2917190090
PSA： 74.60000
XLogP3： -0.8
Appearance： Malonic acid appears as white crystals or crystalline powder.
Sublimes in vacuum.

Density： 1.6 g/cm3
Melting Point： 135 °C (decomp)
Boiling Point: 215 °C @ Press: 14 Torr
Flash Point： 201.9ºC
Refractive Index： 1.479
Water Solubility： H2O: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions： Store at RT.
Vapor Pressure： 4.66E-07mmHg at 25°C
PKA： 2.85(at 25 °C)
Dissociation Constants： 2.85 (at 25 °C)|pKa1 = 2.8, pKa2 = 5.7 at 25 °C
Experimental Properties：
Enthalpy of Sublimation: 72.7 kJ/mol at 306 deg K, 108.0 kJ/mol at 348 deg K

Henry's Law constant = 4.8X10-13 atm-cu m/mole at 23 °C
(estimated from vapor pressure and water solubility)
Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.6X10-12 cu-cm/molc sec at 25 °C (est)
Air and Water Reactions： Water soluble.
Reactive Group： Acids, Carboxylic
Heat of Combustion： Molar heat of combustion: 864 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization： 92 kJ/mol
Critical Temperature & Pressure：
Critical temperature: 805 K (estimated);
critical pressure: 5640 kPa (estimated)
CAS: 141-82-2
Molecular Formula: C3H4O4
Molecular weight: 104.06
EINECS: 205-503-0

Purity: ≥99%
Appearance: White crystal powder
Melting point: 132-135 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 140ºC(decomposition)
Density: 1.619 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Refractive index: 1.478
Flash Point: 157°C
Storage condition: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility : 1 M NaOH: soluble100mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to faintly yellow
Pka: 2.83(at 25ºC)
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
HS Code: 29171910

PH: 3.17(1 mM solution);2.5(10 mM solution);
1.94(100 mM solution)
MDL: MFCD00002707
Water Solubility: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Vapor Presure: 0-0.2Pa at 25ºC
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Character: white crystal.
soluble in water, soluble in ethanol and ether, pyridine.
Color: White
Formula Weight: 104.1
Percent Purity: 0.99
Physical Form: Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Malonic acid
Melting point: 132-135 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 140℃（decomposition）

Density: 1.619 g/cm3 at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 0-0.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4780
Flash point: 157°C
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: 1 M NaOH: soluble100mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to faintly yellow
form: Liquid
pka: 2.83(at 25℃)
color: White
PH: 3.17(1 mM solution);2.5(10 mM solution);1.94(100 mM solution)
Water Solubility: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,5710
BRN: 1751370
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
InChIKey: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP: -0.81
CAS DataBase Reference: 141-82-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 9KX7ZMG0MK
NIST Chemistry Reference: Malonic acid(141-82-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Propanedioic acid (141-82-2)
Molecular Weight: 104.06 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 104.01095860 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.01095860 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 83.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical formula: C3H4O4
Molar mass: 104.061 g·mol−1
Density: 1.619 g/cm3
Melting point: 135 to 137 °C (275 to 279 °F; 408 to 410 K) (decomposes)
Boiling point: decomposes
Solubility in water: 763 g/L
Acidity (pKa): pKa1 = 2.83
pKa2 = 5.69
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -46.3·10−6 cm3/mol
Solubility: Dissolves in alcohol, pyridine, and ether.
Molecular Wt/ Molar Mass: 104.06 g/mol

Density: 1.619 g/cm³
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Melting Point: 135 to 137°C
Nature: Acidic
Color: White
Stability: Usually stable under recommended conditions
Molar heat of combustion: 864 kJ/mol
The heat of vaporization: 92 kJ/mol
It does not have a chiral center.
So, it doesn’t exhibit optical isomerism.
It is a hygroscopic solid that sublimes in a vacuum.
Chemical Formula: C3H4O4
Average Molecular Weight: 104.0615
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 104.010958616
IUPAC Name: propanedioic acid
Traditional Name: malonic acid

CAS Registry Number: 141-82-2
SMILES: OC(=O)CC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7)
InChI Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS number: 141-82-2
Weight Average: 104.0615
Monoisotopic: 104.010958616
InChI Key: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H4O4/c4-2(5)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H,6,7)
IUPAC Name: propanedioic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name: malonic acid
Chemical Formula: C3H4O4
SMILES: OC(=O)CC(O)=O
Water Solubility: 197 g/L
logP: -0.6
logP: -0.33
logS: 0.28
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 2.43
Physiological Charge: -2

Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 4
Hydrogen Donor Count: 2
Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Refractivity: 18.99 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 8.13 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: Yes
Melting point: 132-135 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 140℃（decomposition）
Density: 1.619 g/cm3 at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 0-0.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4780
Flash point: 157°C
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature

solubility: 1 M NaOH: soluble100mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to faintly yellow
form: Liquid
pka: 2.83(at 25℃)
color: White
PH: 3.17(1 mM solution);2.5(10 mM solution);1.94(100 mM solution)
Water Solubility: 1400 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,5710
BRN: 1751370
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
InChIKey: OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.81
CAS DataBase Reference 141-82-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 9KX7ZMG0MK
NIST Chemistry Reference: Malonic acid(141-82-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Propanedioic acid (141-82-2)

Physical Appearance: A solid
Storage: Store at -20°C
M.Wt: 104.06
Cas No.: 141-82-2
Formula: C3H4O4
Solubility: ≥10.4 mg/mL in DMSO; ≥104 mg/mL in H2O; ≥119.8 mg/mL in EtOH
Chemical Name: malonic acid
Canonical SMILES: O=C(O)CC(O)=O
Shipping Condition: Small Molecules with Blue Ice, Modified Nucleotides with Dry Ice.
CAS Number: 141-82-2
Molecular Weight: 104.06
Beilstein: 1751370
MDL number: MFCD00002707
Molecular Weight: 104.06 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 2



FIRST AID MEASURES of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of METHANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID (MALONIC ACID):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .