Acrylic amide; Ethylene Carboxamide; 2-Propenamide; Propenoic acid, amide; Vinyl Amide; Acrylamide ultra sequencing gel, 8%, ready-to-use solution, for biochemistry;Acrylamide, electrophoresis grade, for biochemistry, 99+%;Acrylamide, extra pure, 98.5%;Acrylamide 2X;Acrylamide 4X;SERDOGEL SSCP 2 x Concentrate;ACRYLAMIDE,ULTRAPURE,ELECTROPHORESISGRADE;prop-2-enamide CAS NO:79-06-1

ACRONAL S 790 is an aqueous styrene acrylic dispersion with medium viscosity and excellent pigment binding.

ACRONAL S 790 is an anionic medium viscosity dispersion with a small particle size.
ACRONAL S 790 has excellent compatibility with fillers and high pigment absorption.

Unpigmented ACRONAL S 790 films do not exhibit surface tack at room temperature.
They are transparent, elastic, glossy, highly resistant to moisture and dirt.
ACRONAL S 790 does not contain emulsifiers based on alkyl phenol ethoxylates.

ACRONAL S 790 is a standard, universal binder for sealants and primers applications.
ACRONAL S 790 shows a good filler compatibility and is compatible with many types of plasticizers.

ACRONAL S 790 is an aqueous dispersion of a styrene acrylic copolymer with medium viscosity and excellent pigment binding power.

ACRONAL S 790 is an APEO-free anionic styrene acrylic binder.
Has broad formulation latitude, medium viscosity and very good pigment binding capacity.

Offers exceptional cost performance and very good water resistance.
Exhibits outstanding saponification and alkaline resistance as well as superior dirt pick-up resistance.
ACRONAL S 790 is used in architectural finishes, interior paints, textured finishes, primers, exterior insulation and finishing systems (EIFS) as well as grouts.

ACRONAL S 790 acrylic dispersion is a styrene-acrylic dispersion (aqueous dispersion of an acrylic acid ester and styrene copolymer) for the manufacture of building paints (both exterior and interior), plasters and fillers, adhesives, used in the production of non-woven materials and textile coatings.

Application Area of ACRONAL S 790:
A feature of ACRONAL S 790 is its unique properties, thanks to which ACRONAL S 790 is used for the manufacture of building paints from high gloss to matt, which can be applied to plaster, masonry, asbestos cement, concrete, wood and other substrates both inside and outside the building.
In addition, having an extremely high pigment capacity on ACRONAL S 790, ACRONAL S 790 is possible to obtain highly filled systems (paints, plasters, putties, etc.) that do not lose their high consumer properties, while being cheaper in terms of the cost of ACRONAL S 790.
As a binder for nonwovens and textile coverings, ACRONAL S 790 is applied by impregnating, painting or spraying.

Use Areas of ACRONAL S 790:
Facade and interior paints
Texture coatings
Primers for mineral substrates
putty
Modifications of silicate paints
Means of concrete protection

Architectural coatings
Textured finishes
Interior paints
Exterior insulation and finishing systems (EIFS)
Grouts
Primers

Benefits of ACRONAL S 790:
APEO (Alkylphenol ethoxylate) free
High binding capacity
Good adhesion to various surfaces
Low water absorption
Wide range of applications

Advantages of ACRONAL S 790:
Broad formulation latitude
Exceptional cost-performance ratio
Outstanding saponification and alkaline resistance
Excellent water resistance
Superior dirt pick-up resistance

Processing of ACRONAL S 790:
Paints are produced in the usual way in high speed dissolvers.
Pigments and fillers are recommended to be first dispersed in the presence of wetting agents and dispersants (eg Pigment Dispersants N or A or water-soluble polyphosphates) before introducing the dispersion in an alkaline medium.
Only in the production of high viscosity, high solids products (eg texture coatings and fillers) which are produced in low speed mixers should ACRONAL S 790 be added along with the auxiliaries.

ACRONAL S 790 is characterized by high pigment absorption and excellent compatibility with fillers.
Exceptions are pigments that are difficult to crosslink, such as carbon black or calcium sulfate and zinc oxide, which can lead to high viscosity.

To control the viscosity and optimize the consumer properties of ACRONAL S 790, ACRONAL S 790 is usually necessary to add thickeners.
The most commonly used thickeners are cellulose ethers, polyacrylate or diurethane thickeners (eg Latecoll D or Collacral PU 75, PU 85, LR 8989, LR 8990) or bentonites and polysaccharides.
The choice of thickener depends on how the finished product should be (thixotropic or less viscous).

When pigments are used for coloring formulations, in particular in the form of pigment pastes (eg Luconyl brand), ACRONAL S 790 must be ensured that the thickener does not cause precipitation or flocculation of the pigments.
Therefore, ACRONAL S 790 is recommended to carry out compatibility tests (for storage) and, if necessary, the introduction of non-ionic surfactants (eg Lutensol AP 6 grades).

A small addition of LumitenNOC 30 improves compatibility with cement and lime, provides storage stability for highly pigmented interior paints in hard water applications, and facilitates cleaning of work tools.

For a successful film formation at temperatures below 20°C, the addition of coalescents such as white spirit, glycol ethers and Lusolvan FBH, SolvenonPP is recommended.
The recommended consumption is about 2% (based on the total volume).

To make the film particularly flexible, plasticizers can be added, e.g. Plastilit 3060 or chlorinated paraffin or phthalic acid ester.
ACRONAL S 790 is also possible to mix ACRONAL S 790 with soft dispersions (eg ACRONAL S 400) which promote the formation of a transparent film.

Mixing with dispersions based on pure acrylate or polyvinyl esters is also possible, but does not give a transparent film and does not offer any technical advantages.
The compatibility of ACRONAL S 790 with other dispersions is improved with the addition of CollacralVAL, a stabilizing protective colloid.

Like all fine dispersions, ACRONAL S 790 tends to foam.
Thus, ACRONAL S 790 is necessary to introduce antifoam agents in the amounts recommended by the manufacturers (approx. 0.3 - 1%).
The effectiveness of defoamers must be determined empirically.

Although ACRONAL S 790 is protected from attack by microorganisms, preservatives must be added to final products to ensure their stability during storage.
The compatibility and effectiveness of the preservative used should always be tested empirically.

Manufacturers should conduct their own rigorous product development trials using ACRONAL S 790 as our trials cannot cover the full range of factors that can influence product manufacturing and use (e.g. component compatibility, mixing process, adhesion to various substrates, and etc.)
Viscosity stability tests should also be carried out after storage at 50°C.

Storage of ACRONAL S 790:
ACRONAL S 790 during storage and processing should not come into contact with corrosive metals or their alloys without protective coatings.
Product containers must be tightly closed during storage and free air space above ACRONAL S 790 must be saturated with moisture.
ACRONAL S 790 must not be exposed to extreme heat or freezing.

To avoid problems with micro-organisms, the hygiene measures for product storage containers must be observed.

The shelf life of ACRONAL S 790 is 6 months when stored at 10 - 30 ºС

Safety of ACRONAL S 790:
The usual requirements for handling chemicals and local industrial hygiene regulations must be followed.
Efficient ventilation must be provided during processing, as well as personal protective equipment for the skin and goggles.

Properties of ACRONAL S 790:
Dispersion type: anionic
Solids content: ca. 50 %
pH value: ca. 7.5 – 9.0
Viscosity1: ca. 700–1.500 mPa·s
Average particle size: ca. 0.1 µm
MFFT: ca. 20 °C
Specific gravity (dispersion): ca. 1.04 g/cm³
Specific gravity (dry polymer): ca. 1.08 g/c

Product Cluster:
Dispersions

Product Group:
Styrene Acrylics

Industry:
Construction

Chemical type:
Styrene acrylics

Other ACRONAL Products:
ACRONAL TS 790
ACRONAL 290 D
ACRONAL T 290 D
ACRONAL S 562
ACRONAL S 562 T
ACRONAL ECO 6716
ACRONAL ECO 6716 T
ACRONAL PLUS 6727
ACRONAL S 813
ACRONAL ECO 6258
ACRONAL EDGE 6283
ACRONAL EDGE 6295
ACRONAL A 684
ACRONAL A 754
ACRONAL TA 754
ACRONAL PLUS 6257
ACRONAL DS
ACRONAL DS 6266
ACRONAL ECO 6270
ACRONAL LR 9014
ACRONAL TX 9014

ACRONAL TS 790 is an aqueous styrene acrylic dispersion with medium viscosity and excellent pigment binding.

ACRONAL TS 790 is an anionic medium viscosity dispersion with a small particle size.
ACRONAL TS 790 has excellent compatibility with fillers and high pigment absorption.

Unpigmented ACRONAL TS 790 films do not exhibit surface tack at room temperature.
They are transparent, elastic, glossy, highly resistant to moisture and dirt.
ACRONAL TS 790 does not contain emulsifiers based on alkyl phenol ethoxylates.

ACRONAL TS 790 is a standard, universal binder for sealants and primers applications.
ACRONAL TS 790 shows a good filler compatibility and is compatible with many types of plasticizers.

ACRONAL TS 790 is an aqueous dispersion of a styrene acrylic copolymer with medium viscosity and excellent pigment binding power.

ACRONAL TS 790 is an APEO-free anionic styrene acrylic binder.
Has broad formulation latitude, medium viscosity and very good pigment binding capacity.

Offers exceptional cost performance and very good water resistance.
Exhibits outstanding saponification and alkaline resistance as well as superior dirt pick-up resistance.
ACRONAL TS 790 is used in architectural finishes, interior paints, textured finishes, primers, exterior insulation and finishing systems (EIFS) as well as grouts.

ACRONAL TS 790 acrylic dispersion is a styrene-acrylic dispersion (aqueous dispersion of an acrylic acid ester and styrene copolymer) for the manufacture of building paints (both exterior and interior), plasters and fillers, adhesives, used in the production of non-woven materials and textile coatings.

Application Area of ACRONAL TS 790:
A feature of ACRONAL TS 790 is its unique properties, thanks to which ACRONAL TS 790 is used for the manufacture of building paints from high gloss to matt, which can be applied to plaster, masonry, asbestos cement, concrete, wood and other substrates both inside and outside the building.
In addition, having an extremely high pigment capacity on ACRONAL TS 790, ACRONAL TS 790 is possible to obtain highly filled systems (paints, plasters, putties, etc.) that do not lose their high consumer properties, while being cheaper in terms of the cost of ACRONAL TS 790.
As a binder for nonwovens and textile coverings, ACRONAL TS 790 is applied by impregnating, painting or spraying.

Use Areas of ACRONAL TS 790:
Facade and interior paints
Texture coatings
Primers for mineral substrates
putty
Modifications of silicate paints
Means of concrete protection

Architectural coatings
Textured finishes
Interior paints
Exterior insulation and finishing systems (EIFS)
Grouts
Primers

Benefits of ACRONAL TS 790:
APEO (Alkylphenol ethoxylate) free
High binding capacity
Good adhesion to various surfaces
Low water absorption
Wide range of applications

Advantages of ACRONAL TS 790:
Broad formulation latitude
Exceptional cost-performance ratio
Outstanding saponification and alkaline resistance
Excellent water resistance
Superior dirt pick-up resistance

Processing of ACRONAL TS 790:
Paints are produced in the usual way in high speed dissolvers.
Pigments and fillers are recommended to be first dispersed in the presence of wetting agents and dispersants (eg Pigment Dispersants N or A or water-soluble polyphosphates) before introducing the dispersion in an alkaline medium.
Only in the production of high viscosity, high solids products (eg texture coatings and fillers) which are produced in low speed mixers should ACRONAL TS 790 be added along with the auxiliaries.

ACRONAL TS 790 is characterized by high pigment absorption and excellent compatibility with fillers.
Exceptions are pigments that are difficult to crosslink, such as carbon black or calcium sulfate and zinc oxide, which can lead to high viscosity.

To control the viscosity and optimize the consumer properties of ACRONAL TS 790, ACRONAL TS 790 is usually necessary to add thickeners.
The most commonly used thickeners are cellulose ethers, polyacrylate or diurethane thickeners (eg Latecoll D or Collacral PU 75, PU 85, LR 8989, LR 8990) or bentonites and polysaccharides.
The choice of thickener depends on how the finished product should be (thixotropic or less viscous).

When pigments are used for coloring formulations, in particular in the form of pigment pastes (eg Luconyl brand), ACRONAL TS 790 must be ensured that the thickener does not cause precipitation or flocculation of the pigments.
Therefore, ACRONAL TS 790 is recommended to carry out compatibility tests (for storage) and, if necessary, the introduction of non-ionic surfactants (eg Lutensol AP 6 grades).

A small addition of LumitenNOC 30 improves compatibility with cement and lime, provides storage stability for highly pigmented interior paints in hard water applications, and facilitates cleaning of work tools.

For a successful film formation at temperatures below 20°C, the addition of coalescents such as white spirit, glycol ethers and Lusolvan FBH, SolvenonPP is recommended.
The recommended consumption is about 2% (based on the total volume).

To make the film particularly flexible, plasticizers can be added, e.g. Plastilit 3060 or chlorinated paraffin or phthalic acid ester.
ACRONAL TS 790 is also possible to mix ACRONAL TS 790 with soft dispersions (eg ACRONAL S 400) which promote the formation of a transparent film.

Mixing with dispersions based on pure acrylate or polyvinyl esters is also possible, but does not give a transparent film and does not offer any technical advantages.
The compatibility of ACRONAL TS 790 with other dispersions is improved with the addition of CollacralVAL, a stabilizing protective colloid.

Like all fine dispersions, ACRONAL TS 790 tends to foam.
Thus, ACRONAL TS 790 is necessary to introduce antifoam agents in the amounts recommended by the manufacturers (approx. 0.3 - 1%).
The effectiveness of defoamers must be determined empirically.

Although ACRONAL TS 790 is protected from attack by microorganisms, preservatives must be added to final products to ensure their stability during storage.
The compatibility and effectiveness of the preservative used should always be tested empirically.

Manufacturers should conduct their own rigorous product development trials using ACRONAL TS 790 as our trials cannot cover the full range of factors that can influence product manufacturing and use (e.g. component compatibility, mixing process, adhesion to various substrates, and etc.)
Viscosity stability tests should also be carried out after storage at 50°C.

Storage of ACRONAL TS 790:
ACRONAL TS 790 during storage and processing should not come into contact with corrosive metals or their alloys without protective coatings.
Product containers must be tightly closed during storage and free air space above ACRONAL TS 790 must be saturated with moisture.
ACRONAL TS 790 must not be exposed to extreme heat or freezing.

To avoid problems with micro-organisms, the hygiene measures for product storage containers must be observed.

The shelf life of ACRONAL TS 790 is 6 months when stored at 10 - 30 ºС

Safety of ACRONAL TS 790:
The usual requirements for handling chemicals and local industrial hygiene regulations must be followed.
Efficient ventilation must be provided during processing, as well as personal protective equipment for the skin and goggles.

Properties of ACRONAL TS 790:
Dispersion type: anionic
Solids content: ca. 50 %
pH value: ca. 7.5 – 9.0
Viscosity1: ca. 700–1.500 mPa·s
Average particle size: ca. 0.1 µm
MFFT: ca. 20 °C
Specific gravity (dispersion): ca. 1.04 g/cm³
Specific gravity (dry polymer): ca. 1.08 g/c

Product Cluster:
Dispersions

Product Group:
Styrene Acrylics

Industry:
Construction

Chemical type:
Styrene acrylics

Other ACRONAL Products:
ACRONAL S 790
ACRONAL 290 D
ACRONAL T 290 D
ACRONAL S 562
ACRONAL S 562 T
ACRONAL ECO 6716
ACRONAL ECO 6716 T
ACRONAL PLUS 6727
ACRONAL S 813
ACRONAL ECO 6258
ACRONAL EDGE 6283
ACRONAL EDGE 6295
ACRONAL A 684
ACRONAL A 754
ACRONAL TA 754
ACRONAL PLUS 6257
ACRONAL DS
ACRONAL DS 6266
ACRONAL ECO 6270
ACRONAL LR 9014
ACRONAL TX 9014

ACRONAL TS 790 is a chemical compound that belongs to the isothiazolinone family.
ACRONAL TS 790 metalwork fluid is a mixture of the two isothiazoliones contained in Kathon CG, at a 13.9% concentration.
ACRONAL TS 790 helps to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms.

CAS Number: 55965-84-9
Molecular Formula: C4H5NOS.C4H4ClNOS
Molecular Weight: 264.756
EINECS Number: 911-418-6

ACRONAL TS 790 is mainly contained in metalwork fluids.
As an active component of Aigezid Ⅱ and ACRONAL TS 790 contained in a water bath used for phtotographic development, it caused contact dermatitis in a photograph developer.

ACRONAL TS 790 is a mixture of isothiazolinone-derived biocides.
ACRONAL TS 790 is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria values of 0.0002, 0.0002, 0.00005, and 0.00005% (w/w).
ACRONAL TS 790 can elicit contact sensitization.

Formulations containing ACRONAL TS 790 have been used for controlling microbial growth in industrial and household products.
ACRONAL TS 790, is a combination of two synthetic preservatives used in various personal care, household, and industrial products.
These preservatives are antimicrobial agents that help prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in products, thereby extending their shelf life and maintaining their quality.

The combination of ACRONAL TS 790T creates a synergistic effect, enhancing the overall antimicrobial activity of the mixture.
By combining two different antimicrobial agents, the preservative can target a broader range of microorganisms, providing more comprehensive protection.
ACRONAL TS 790 use Levels and Concentrations; the concentrations of ACRONAL TS 790 in products can vary based on the intended use, the type of product, and regulatory guidelines.

ACRONAL TS 790 manufacturers follow recommended use levels to ensure effective preservation while minimizing the potential for adverse reactions.
ACRONAL TS 790 helps maintain the stability and quality of products by preventing the growth of microorganisms that could degrade the product's components.
There have been reports of allergic contact dermatitis associated with ACRONAL TS 790-containing products.

This has led to regulatory actions and increased scrutiny of their use.
In response to concerns, some manufacturers have reformulated their products to reduce or eliminate the use of ACRONAL TS 790.
In regions where ACRONAL TS 790 is perACRONAL TS 790ted, regulations often require that products containing these preservatives be properly labeled to inform consumers and allow those with sensitivities to make informed choices.

Manufacturers conduct preservative efficacy testing to ensure that the chosen concentration of ACRONAL TS 790 effectively prevents microbial growth over the shelf life of the product.
The debate about the safety and sensitization potential of ACRONAL TS 790 has prompted the cosmetic and personal care industry to explore alternative preservatives that have lower risks of allergic reactions.
Natural preservatives, antioxidants, and other synthetic alternatives are being investigated as potential replacements.

ACRONAL TS 790 and MI are chemical compounds commonly used as preservatives in various personal care and household products.
They are part of a group of chemicals known as isothiazolinones, which are used to extend the shelf life of products by preventing the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds.

ACRONAL TS 790 has antimicrobial properties and is often used as a preservative in products like shampoos, conditioners, liquid soaps, and other water-based cosmetic and personal care items.
ACRONAL TS 790 helps to prevent the growth of microorganisms that can lead to product spoilage or contamination.

ACRONAL TS 790 is another isothiazolinone compound commonly used as a preservative.
ACRONAL TS 790 is closely related to MI and has similar antimicrobial properties.
ACRONAL TS 790 is used in a wide range of products, including cosmetics, skincare products, detergents, paints, and industrial products.

Both ACRONAL TS 790 and MI have been associated with potential health concerns, particularly in terms of skin sensitization and allergic reactions.
Some individuals may develop allergic contact dermatitis upon exposure to products containing these compounds.

Due to the observed health concerns, regulatory agencies in various countries have taken actions to regulate the use of ACRONAL TS 790 and MI in consumer products.
In the European Union, for example, certain concentrations of ACRONAL TS 790 and MI are restricted in leave-on cosmetic products, which are products meant to remain on the skin after application, such as lotions and creams.
This regulation is in response to the reported cases of skin sensitization.

In many countries, products that contain ACRONAL TS 790 or MI must be labeled appropriately to inform consumers about their presence.
This allows individuals with known sensitivities or allergies to avoid products containing these compounds.
Given the potential skin sensitization risks associated with ACRONAL TS 790 and MI, many manufacturers have started to reformulate their products to use alternative preservatives.

Form: liquid, dispersion
Colour: white
Odour: almost odourless
pH value: 7,5 - 9,0 (23 °C)
Information on: Water
Melting point: 0 °C
Information on: Water
Boiling point: 100 °C
Flash point: not applicable
Flammability: not flammable
Lower explosion liACRONAL TS 790: For liquids not relevant for classification and labelling.
Information on: Water
Vapour pressure: 23,4 hPa (20 °C)
Density: approx. 1,0 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Solubility in water: partly soluble (15 °C)
Specific gravity (dispersion): ca. 1.04 g/cm³
Specific gravity (dry polymer): ca. 1.08 g/cm³

ACRONAL TS 790 works by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, which leads to cell leakage and death.
This mode of action inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria and fungi.
ACRONAL TS 790 is a widely used antimicrobial preservative combination found in personal care, household, and industrial products.

ACRONAL TS 790 helps prevent microbial contamination, prolonging the shelf life and maintaining the quality of various formulations.
ACRONAL TS 790 acts both as a microbiostatic agent (inhibiting microbial growth) and a microbicidal agent (killing existing microorganisms).
This dual action helps maintain the integrity of products.

While ACRONAL TS 790 effectively prevents microbial growth, its use can be challenging due to the potential for allergic reactions in some individuals.
The industry has faced pressure to find alternatives that maintain the benefits of microbial protection without causing sensitization issues.
Manufacturers sometimes use ACRONAL TS 790 in combination with other preservatives to achieve a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity and reduce the concentration of each individual preservative.

ACRONAL TS 790's compatibility with other ingredients in product formulations is important to maintain the overall stability and efficacy of the final product.
Regulatory authorities have introduced restrictions and guidelines for the use of ACRONAL TS 790 due to the reported cases of allergic contact dermatitis.
In some cases, certain product categories or concentrations of ACRONAL TS 790 have been prohibited or liACRONAL TS 790ed.

Patch testing is used to determine an individual's sensitivity or allergy to ACRONAL TS 790, helping to identify potential risks of adverse reactions.
Raising consumer awareness about the presence of ACRONAL TS 790 in products and the importance of patch testing can empower individuals to make informed choices.
Certain populations, such as infants, children, and individuals with sensitive or compromised skin, may be more susceptible to reactions from ACRONAL TS 790-containing products.

The potential for sensitization to ACRONAL TS 790 can be influenced by factors such as concentration in the product, frequency of exposure, individual skin sensitivity, and the presence of other allergens.
Dermatologists and allergists use patch testing to identify sensitization to specific allergens, including ACRONAL TS 790.
This helps individuals make informed choices about product usage.

Some individuals prone to sensitization may follow a preservative rotation strategy, using products with different preservatives to minimize the risk of developing allergies.
The use of ACRONAL TS 790 in products intended for children has raised concerns due to the potential for sensitization in young and sensitive skin.
Regulations and guidelines may vary for these products.

Uses
ACRONAL TS 790 used in antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, hygeine products, paints, emulsions, cutting oils, paper coatings, and water storage and cooling units.
ACRONAL TS 790 is a chemical compound used as a preservative in various products.
ACRONAL TS 790 has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.

ACRONAL TS 790s are particularly effective in water-based products, where the presence of water can create an environment conducive to microbial growth.
ACRONAL TS 790 and MI can be used in water treatment to inhibit the growth of microorganisms in water systems, such as cooling towers and industrial water supplies.
ACRONAL TS 790 is used in some textile and fabric treatments to prevent the growth of microorganisms that can cause odors or degradation.

ACRONAL TS 790 is commonly found in personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, body washes, lotions, creams, and cosmetics.
It prevents the growth of bacteria, yeast, and fungi, helping maintain product hygiene and quality.
ACRONAL TS 790 is used in household cleaning products like detergents, fabric softeners, disinfectants, and surface cleaners to inhibit microbial growth and maintain product effectiveness.

ACRONAL TS 790 is used in industrial formulations, including paints, adhesives, and coatings, to prevent the degradation caused by microorganisms.
ACRONAL TS 790's used in water-based products where microbial contamination is a concern, such as liquid soaps, body washes, and shampoos.
ACRONAL TS 790 is included in wet wipes to ensure their freshness and microbial safety.

ACRONAL TS 790 and MI can be found in some pet care products, such as shampoos and grooming supplies, to preserve their quality and safety.
Some automotive products, including car wash solutions and interior cleaners, may contain ACRONAL TS 790 and MI to prevent microbial growth and maintain product efficacy.
In some cases, ACRONAL TS 790 and MI are used in medical and healthcare settings where microbial control is essential.

They can be present in certain types of disinfectants, medical device cleaners, and hand sanitizers.
ACRONAL TS 790 and MI are sometimes used in photographic chemicals to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the stability of these products.
In industrial processes such as metalworking, ACRONAL TS 790 and MI can be added to cutting fluids and coolants to inhibit the growth of microorganisms that could affect machining operations.

ACRONAL TS 790 and MI can be found in cleaning wipes and towelettes that are intended to disinfect and sanitize surfaces.
Wet wipes in various applications, including personal care and cleaning, might contain ACRONAL TS 790 and MI to prevent bacterial and fungal growth in the moist environment.
ACRONAL TS 790 and MI are used in some water-based paints and coatings to prevent spoilage and maintain product quality.

ACRONAL TS 790's used in cosmetics such as makeup removers, facial cleansers, and moisturizers to maintain product stability and quality.
ACRONAL TS 790 helps prevent the growth of microorganisms in hair care products like conditioners and hair styling products.
In various industrial products, such as cutting fluids and metalworking fluids, ACRONAL TS 790 inhibits microbial growth, contributing to the maintenance of product performance.

ACRONAL TS 790 can be found in laundry detergents to prevent the growth of odor-causing bacteria and fungi in fabrics.
ACRONAL TS 790's used in automotive and industrial cleaning products to ensure that they remain free from microbial contamination.
ACRONAL TS 790 is utilized in adhesives and sealants to prevent microbial growth that could compromise the integrity of the products.

ACRONAL TS 790's used in some paper products to prevent the growth of mold and other microorganisms.
ACRONAL TS 790 is another antimicrobial compound that is often used in combination with ACRONAL TS 790T.
It provides additional antimicrobial protection against a wide range of microorganisms.

ACRONAL TS 790 is commonly found in a variety of personal care products, including shampoos, conditioners, body washes, lotions, creams, and cosmetics.
Its presence helps prevent the growth of microorganisms in these products, reducing the risk of contamination.

ACRONAL TS 790 is used in household products such as detergents, fabric softeners, and cleaning solutions to maintain product quality and safety by inhibiting microbial growth.
ACRONAL TS 790 is also used in industrial settings, where it prevents the proliferation of microorganisms in various formulations, including paints, adhesives, and industrial cleaners.

Environmental Considerations
Like other synthetic chemicals, ACRONAL TS 790 has raised concerns about its environmental impact when released into the environment, such as through wastewater.
Industry efforts are being directed toward developing more environmentally friendly preservatives and sustainable practices.

Safety
One of the most significant hazards of ACRONAL TS 790 and MI is their potential to cause skin sensitization.
Skin sensitization is an allergic reaction that occurs when the immune system becomes sensitized to a specific substance, resulting in the development of an allergic response upon subsequent exposure.
People who become sensitized to ACRONAL TS 790 and MI can develop contact dermatitis, which manifests as redness, itching, rash, and other skin irritations.

Allergic Reactions
Individuals who are sensitized to ACRONAL TS 790 and MI may experience allergic reactions upon exposure, even at low concentrations.
Allergic reactions can vary in severity and may lead to discomfort, pain, and a decreased quality of life for affected individuals.

Synonyms
55965-84-9
ACRONAL TS 790
Kathon biocide
Kathon CG
Bio-Perge
Kathon LX
Kathon WT
Zonen F
ProClin 300
Microcide III
Somacide RS
Legend MK
ACRONAL TS 790MW
Kathon CG/ICP II
Slaoff 360
ACRONAL TS 790 W
Kathon RH 886
MBC 215
Tret-O-Lite XC 215
2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one compound with 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one(14%in H2O)
CCRIS 4652
KKM 43
Isothiazolinone chloride
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 107103
5-chloro-2-methyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one;2-methyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one
5-Chloro-2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone mixt. with 2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one compound with 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (1:1)
3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 5-chloro-2-methyl-, mixt. with 2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 5-chloro-2-methyl-, mixt. with2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazoloneOTHER CA INDEX NAMES:3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 2-methyl-, mixt. contg.
C8H9ClN2O2S2
2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (1:1)
C4H5NOS.C4H4ClNOS
SCHEMBL348332
UNII-15O9QS218W
CHEMBL108095
ACRONAL TS 790 (Kathon Biocide)
C(M)IT/ACRONAL TS 790 (3:1)
QYYMDNHUJFIDDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
15O9QS218W
AKOS016842708
CS-W018768
70294-89-2
CS-17384
LS-86321
PD151064
C4-H5-N-O-S.C4-H4-Cl-N-O-S
Q26841195
2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one 5-chloro-2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one
2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (1:1) 14% in water
2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one compound with 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one
2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-onecompoundwith5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one(14%inH2O)
2-METHYLISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE COMPOUND WITH 5-CHLORO-2-METHYLISOTHIAZOL-3(2H)-ONE(14% IN H2O)

ACRONAL V 275 ACRONAL V 275 ACRONAL V 275 is a high solids acrylic binder used in flooring adhesives and specialty sealants. ACRONAL V 275 is ammonia-free and offers high cohesive strength, good plasticizer resistance, and filler acceptance. Acronal V 275 Technical Datasheet Acronal V 275 is an acrylic/vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion. Used in adhesives for laying PVC floor coverings & carpets with many different backings and specialty sealants. Acronal V 275 na offers high tack, good quick grab, heat stability, good plasticizer migration resistance and good filler acceptance. Product Type Acrylics & Acrylic Copolymers Physical Form Emulsion Product Status COMMERCIAL Acronal V 275 na is a high solids acrylic used in flooring adhesives and specialty sealants. It offers high cohesive strength, good plasticizer resistance, and filler acceptance. This product is ammonia free. Technical Information Construction Chemicals Acronal V 275 Aqueous polymer dispersion for the manufacture of adhesives & sealants for theConstruction industry. Acronal 81 D is an acrylic dispersion. Used in elastic sealants as gap fillers. Acronal® 81 D improves the coherence of expandable foams.

SYNONYMS 2-Propenamide, polymer with N,N,N-trimethyl-3-(2-propenamido)propanaminium chloride;1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-((1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino)-, chloride (1:1), polymer with 2-propenamide;1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-, chloride, polymer with 2-propenamide CAS NO:75150-29-7

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide), in monomeric form, is an odorless, flake-like crystals which sublime slow at room temperature.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) may be dissolved in a flammable liquid.
Acrylamide, also known as 2-Propenamide, is an industrial chemical and can also form from naturally-occurring components of certain foods when cooked at high temperatures.

CAS Number: 79-06-1
Molecular Formula: C3H5NO
Molecular Weight: 71.08
EINECS Number: 201-173-7

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH2=CHC(O)NH2.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is a white odorless solid, soluble in water and several organic solvents.
From the chemistry perspective, Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is a vinyl-substituted primary amide (CONH2).

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is produced industrially mainly as a precursor to polyacrylamides, which find many uses as water-soluble thickeners and flocculation agents.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) forms in burnt areas of food, particularly starchy foods like potatoes, when cooked with high heat, above 120 °C (248 °F).
Despite health scares following its discovery in 2002, dietary acrylamide is thought unlikely to be carcinogenic for humans; Cancer Research UK categorized the idea that burnt food causes cancer as a "myth".

Acrylamide, also known as 2-propenamide or acrylic amide, is a chemical substance has a role in making polyacrylamide, which in turn is used in inks, in flocculants for water treatment, in cement production and the production of plastics.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide), is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H5NO.
It is a colorless, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is an organic compound that contains a vinyl group (CH2=CH-) and an amide group (CONH2) in its chemical structure.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is a white crystalline chemical substance and is a raw material for production of polyacrylamide.
Solid Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is usually colorless and transparent flaky crystals with pure product being white crystalline solid which is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and slightly soluble in ethyl acetate, chloroform, and benzene.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) can be hydrolyzed to acrylic acid in acidic or alkaline environment.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is a large class of the parent compound of monomers including methacrylamide, the AMPS (anionic monomer, 2-Acraylamide-2-Methyl Propane Sulfonic Acid), the DMC (cationic monomer, methyl-acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) and N-substituted acrylamide compound.

Occupational exposure is mainly seen in acrylamide production and the synthesis of resins, adhesives, etc.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is also possible for contract in underground construction, upon soil improvement, painting, paper industry and garment processing.
At daily life, people can touch Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) in smoking, drinking and eating the starchy foods processed at high temperature.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is an odorless, white crystalline solid that initially was produced for commercial purposes by reaction of acrylonitrile with hydrated sulfuric acid.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) exists in two forms: a monomer and a polymer.
Monomer Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) readily participates in radicalinitiated polymerization reactions, whose products form the basis of most of its industrial applications.

The single unit form of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is toxic to the nervous system, a carcinogen in laboratory animals and a suspected carcinogen in humans.
The multiple unit or polymeric form is not known to be toxic.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is formed as a by-product of the Maillard reaction.

The Maillard reaction is best known as a reaction that produces pleasant flavor, taste, and golden color in fried and baked foods; the reaction occurs between amines and carbonyl compounds, particularly reducing sugars and the amino acid asparagine.
In the first step of the reaction, asparagine reacts with a reducing sugar, forming a Schiff’s base.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is formed following a complex reaction pathway that includes decarboxylation and a multistage elimination reaction.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) formation in bakery products, investigated in a model system, showed that free asparagine was a limiting factor.
Treatment of flours with asparaginase practically prevented acrylamide formation.
Coffee drinking and smoking are other major sources apart from the human diet.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is odorless and colorless crystal.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, ether, and methyl chloroform, and slightly soluble in toluene but insoluble in benzene.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is a water-soluble monomer with two reactive centers (a vinyl group - with its reactive double bond, and an amide group).

Because of its high reactivity, aqueous Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is stabilized with dissolved cupric salts and oxygen to prevent polymerization during shipping and storage.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) can form in certain foods during cooking processes that involve high temperatures, particularly when the Maillard reaction occurs.
The Maillard reaction is a complex chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars, and it's responsible for the browning and development of flavors in various cooked foods.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is one of the byproducts of this reaction.
French fries, potato chips, and roasted potatoes are known to contain relatively high levels of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide), especially if they are cooked to a dark brown or crispy texture.
Foods made from grains, such as breakfast cereals, bread, and cookies, may also contain Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) when they are baked or toasted.

Roasted coffee beans can contain Acrylamide (2-Propenamide), although the levels are typically lower than in some other foods.
Various types of snack foods, including crackers and pretzels, can contain Acrylamide (2-Propenamide).
Food producers and processors have implemented various strategies to reduce Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) levels in their products.

Modifying the type of ingredients used in food formulations, such as using low-sugar varieties or blanched potatoes, can help reduce Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) formation during cooking.
Adjusting cooking parameters like temperature, time, and cooking methods can minimize Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) formation.
For example, using lower frying temperatures or shorter cooking times can help reduce Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) levels.

Some foods undergo preprocessing steps like soaking, blanching, or parboiling before the final cooking stage to reduce Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) formation.
Certain enzymes can be added to food products to break down precursors of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide), reducing its formation during cooking.
Proper packaging and storage of foods can also play a role in Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) reduction.

For example, storing potatoes in a cool, dark place can help prevent the formation of sprouts, which contain higher levels of acrylamide precursors.
Different countries and regions have established regulatory standards and guidelines related to Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) in food.
These standards often include maximum allowable levels of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) in specific food products.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) and its potential health implications has increased over the years.
Public health agencies and organizations often provide information to consumers on how to make informed choices about their diets.
This includes understanding which foods are more likely to contain Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) and how to minimize exposure through cooking and food choices.

Research on Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) continues to evolve, with ongoing studies aimed at better understanding its health effects and how to reduce its presence in food.
Scientists are investigating the potential health risks associated with long-term, low-level dietary exposure to Acrylamide (2-Propenamide), and research findings may lead to adjustments in regulatory standards and dietary recommendations.

Melting point: 82-86 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 125 °C25 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1,322 g/cm3
vapor density: 2.45 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.03 mm Hg ( 40 °C)
refractive index: 1.460
Flash point: 138 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: 2040 g/L (25°C)
form: powder
pka: 15.35±0.50(Predicted)
color: White
Odor: Odorless solid
PH: 5.0-7.0 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: Acrylamide is routinely tested at 250 mg/mL in water, giving a clear colorless solution, It is soluble at least to 40% (w/v) in water, and reportedly up to 215 g/100 mL in water at 30°C.
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
Merck: 14,129
BRN: 605349
Stability: Unstable. Do not heat above 50C, Explosive, Incompatible with acids, bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, iron and iron salts, copper, aluminium, brass, free radical initiators, Air sensitive, Hygroscopic.
InChIKey: HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
EPA Primary Drinking Water Standard MCL:TT4,MCLG:zero
LogP: -0.9 at 20℃ and pH7

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) was discovered in foods, mainly in starchy foods, such as potato chips (UK: potato crisps), French fries (UK: chips), and bread that had been heated higher than 120 °C (248 °F).
Production of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) in the heating process was shown to be temperature-dependent.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) was not found in food that had been boiled, or in foods that were not heated.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) has been found in roasted barley tea, called mugicha in Japanese.
The barley is roasted so it is dark brown prior to being steeped in hot water.
The roasting process produced 200–600 micrograms/kg of acrylamide in mugicha.

This is less than the >1000 micrograms/kg found in potato crisps and other fried whole potato snack foods cited in the same study and it is unclear how much of this is ingested after the drink is prepared.
Rice cracker and sweet potato levels were lower than in potatoes.
Potatoes cooked whole were found to have significantly lower Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) levels than the others, suggesting a link between food preparation method and acrylamide levels.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) levels appear to rise as food is heated for longer periods of time.
Although researchers are still unsure of the precise mechanisms by which Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) forms in foods, many believe it is a byproduct of the Maillard reaction.
In fried or baked goods, acrylamide may be produced by the reaction between asparagine and reducing sugars (fructose, glucose, etc.) or reactive carbonyls at temperatures above 120 °C (248 °F).

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) may decompose with heat and polymerize at temperatures above 84 C, or exposure to light, releasing ammonia gas.
Reacts violently with strong oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.

Synthesis
At the end of 19th century, people had first made Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) using propylene chloride and ammonia.
In 1954, American Cyanamid Company uses sulfuric acid hydrolysis of acrylonitrile for industrial production.
In 1972, Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc. had first established the skeleton copper (see the metal catalyst) catalyzed Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) synthesis via acrylonitrile hydration.

Then other countries have developed different types of catalyst and applied this technology for industrial production.
In 1980s, Japanese Nitto Chemical Industry Company has achieved that using biological catalyst for industrial production of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) from acrylonitrile.

Acrylonitrile and water is hydrolyzed into Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) sulfate in the presence of sulfuric acid and then treated neutralized liquid ammonia to give ammonium sulfate and acrylamide:
CH2 = CHCN + H2O + H2SO4 → CH2 = CHCONH2 • H2SO4 CH2 = CHCONH2 • H2SO4 + 2NH3→ CH2 = CHCONH2 + (NH4) 2SO4
The disadvantage of this method is by-producing a large number of low-value, low fertilizing efficacy-ammonium sulfate and causing serious sulfuric acid corrosion and pollution.

Acrylonitrile is reacted with water by the copper-based catalyst to have liquid phase hydration reaction at 70~120 °C at 0.4MPa pressure.
CH2 = CH-CN + H2O → CH2 = CHCONH2; Filter the catalyst after reaction catalyst; recycle the unreacted acrylonitrile; Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) solution was concentrated and cooled to give crystals.
This is a simple method with the yield up to 98%.

Production methods
Acrylonitrile sulfate hydration; Acrylonitrile and water is hydrolyzed into acrylamide sulfate in the presence of sulfuric acid and then treated neutralized liquid ammonia to give ammonium sulfate and Acrylamide (2-Propenamide): The reaction products further undergoes filtering and separation.
Crystallize the filtrate, dry to obtain the final product.

The disadvantage of this method is by-producing a large number of low-value, low fertilizing efficacy-ammonium sulfate and causing serious sulfuric acid corrosion and pollution.
This method can produce by-products of 2280 kg ammonium sulfate in per tons of acrylonitrile.
Material consumption amount: Acrylonitrile (100%) 980kg/t, sulfuric acid (100%) 200kg/t, ammonia (100%) 700kg/t.

Direct hydration of acrylonitrile: acrylonitrile is directly hydrated by water with copper being the catalyst at 85-125 °C and 0.3-0.4MPa pressure.
The yielding aqueous solution of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) (containing only small amounts of by-products) can be directly sold as a finished product.
This method avoids Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) dust pollution and is advantageous for labor protection for using aqueous solution.

Reference Product Specifications: appearance: white flakes or powder.
With first-grade product containing content ≥95%; Secondary-grade content ≥90%; grade III content ≥85%.
Enzyme catalysis; at room temperature transfer the acrylonitrile solution into the fixed-bed reactor containing bacteria catalyst; after the reaction, 100% of acrylonitrile is converted into Acrylamide (2-Propenamide).

After isolation and even without the necessity of refining and concentration.
Concentrated sulfuric acid hydration method: mixture containing sulfate, phenothiazine (polymerization inhibitor), and water is added to the reactor; stir slowly with dropping acrylonitrile After the addition is completed, raise the temperature to 95~100 °C, keep the temperature for 50 min.
Cool to 20~25 °C, dilute with an appropriate amount of water, neutralize with sodium carbonate, filtrate to obtain aqueous acrylic acid solution.

Further cool and crystallize, separate, dry to obtain the completed products.
Catalytic hydration method; acrylonitrile and water undergoes liquid phase hydration in the presence of copper-based catalyst; It is generally used for continuous production with the reaction temperature being 85~120 °C, reaction pressure being 0.29~0.39 MPa, feed concentration of 6.5%, airspeed being 5 L/ h, the conversion rate being 85%, and selectivity being about 95% and the concentration of acrylamide in the reaction being 7% to 8%.

Aqueous solution obtained by this method may be directly used as the product for sale.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) can be prepared by the hydration of acrylonitrile, which is catalyzed enzymatically:
CH2=CHCN + H2O → CH2=CHC(O)NH2

This reaction also is catalyzed by sulfuric acid as well as various metal salts.
Treatment of acrylonitrile with sulfuric acid gives acrylamide sulfate, CH=CHC(O)NH2·H2SO4.
This salt can be converted to acrylamide]with base or to methyl acrylate with methanol.

Uses
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) can be used as a monomer of polyacrylamide.
Its polymer or copolymer is used as chemical grouting materials, soil conditioners, flocculants, adhesives and coatings.
Polyacrylamide, when used as a kind of additive, can improve the oil recycling efficiency.

When used as flocculants, Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) can be used for sewage treatment.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) can also be used as a paper strength agent.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is the most important products in acrylamide and methacrylamide-based products.

Since its application in industry in 1954, the demand gradually increase.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is mainly used for the preparation of water soluble polymers which can be used as additives to improve oil recovery; as a flocculant, thickening agents, and paper additives.
A small amount of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is introduce the hydrophilic center into the lipophilic polymer to improve the viscosity, increase the softening point and improve anti-solvents ability of resin, and can aso introduce a center for the coloring property of dye.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is also often used as a component of the photopolymer.
For the vinyl polymer, its crosslinking reaction can take advantage of this kind of reactive amide groups.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) can co-polymerizze with certain monomers such as vinyl acetate, styrene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and acrylonitrile to obtain a polymer with a variety of applications.

The main application areas: used for the oilfield; the materials can be used in oilfield injection of wells for adjustment of the injection profile.
Mix this product with initiator, and deaerator and inject into the high permeability layer part of water wells.
This will lead the formation of high-viscosity polymer unearth of the stratum.

This can plug the large pore, increase the swept volume of oil, and enhance the oil recovery.
In addition, the product polymer or copolymer can be used for tertiary oil recovery, fracturing, water shutoff, drilling mixing process and chemical grouting.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) can be used as flocculants.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) partially hydrolyzed product and its graft copolymer of methyl cellulose can be used in wastewater treatment and sewage treatment.
Soil conditioner; using the hydrolyzed product as soil amendments can aggregate soil and can improve air circulation, water permeability and water retention.
Modification of fiber and resin processing; using acrylamide for carbamylation or graft polymerization can improve the resin arrangement of a variety of fiber containing synthetic fiber, as well as for warp and printing paste in order to improve the basic physical properties of fabrics as well as preventing wrinkle, shrink and keeping a good hand feeling.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) can be used as paper enhancer; copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid or partial hydrolysis products of polyacrylamide can be used as paper strength reinforcing agent for either replacing or combining with starch, and water-soluble amino resin.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) can be used as an adhesive agent including glass fiber adhesive agent with the combination of phenolic resin and polyacrylamide solution, as well as pressure sensitive adhesive combined with synthetic rubber.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is the raw material for producing polyacrylamide and related products.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) can be used as the monomer of polyacrylamide.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide)s polymer or copolymer can be used as chemical grouting materials, soil conditioners, flocculants, adhesives and coatings.

Polyacrylamide, as an additive, can improve oil recovery. As a kind of flocculants, it can be used for waste water treatment as well as paper strength enhancer can.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is the raw material for producing polyacrylamide and related products.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) can also used for determining the relative molecular weight of acid.

The majority of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is used in the manufacture of various polymers, which in turn are used as binding, thickening, or flocculating agents in grout, cement, sewage/waste water treatment, pesticide formulations, cosmetics, sugar manufacturing and soil erosion prevention, ore processing, food packaging, plastic products and in molecular biology laboratory applications.
In Canada, polyacrylamide is used as a coagulant and flocculant for the clarification of drinking water; Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is also used in potting soils and as a non-medicinal ingredient in natural health products and pharmaceuticals.

Over 90% of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is used to make polyacrylamides (PAMs), and the remaining 10% is used to make N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) and other monomers.
Water treatment PAMs consumed 60% of the Acrylamide (2-Propenamide); PAMs for pulp and paper production consume 20% of the acrylamide; and PAMs for mineral processing consume 10% of the acrylamide.
In liquid-solid separation where Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) polymers act as flocculants and aids in mineral processing, waste treatment and water treatment.

They also help reduce sludge volumes in these applications.
As additives in the manufacture of paper and paper board products, leather and paint industries.
In the paper industry Acrylamide (2-Propenamide)s act as retention aids during wet end processing and in wet strength additives.

In the manufacture of synthetic resins for pigment binders for textile/leather industries, and In enhanced oil recovery.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is used in protein electrophoresis (PAGE), synthesis of dyes and copolymers for contact lenses.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is reasonably anticipated to be a hum an carcinogen.

The majority of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is used to manufacture various polymers, especially polyacrylamide.
This water-soluble polymer, which has very low toxicity, is widely used as thickener and flocculating agent.
These functions are valuable in the purification of drinking water, corrosion inhibition, mineral extraction, and paper making.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) gels are routinely used in medicine and biochemistry for purification and assays.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is a key monomer used in the production of polyacrylamide, a versatile polymer with wide-ranging applications.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is used as a flocculant in wastewater treatment to help separate solids from water.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is used in the paper industry as a retention and drainage aid.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is utilized in the petroleum industry for EOR processes to increase the yield of oil production.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is used extensively in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories to create polyacrylamide gels for techniques like gel electrophoresis.

These gels are used to separate and analyze DNA, RNA, and proteins.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide)-based grouts are used in construction and civil engineering to stabilize soil and fill voids or cracks in structures.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide)-based polymers are employed in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater to remove impurities and solids.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) and its derivatives are sometimes used in cosmetics and personal care products, particularly hair care products like hair gels and hair sprays.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide)-based polymers are used in agriculture to improve soil structure and water retention.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide)-based polymers are used in the textile industry as sizing agents and for improving fabric quality.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is used in the manufacture of adhesives and sealants for various applications.
While not a direct use of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide), it is worth noting that acrylamide can form in some foods during high-temperature cooking processes, such as frying and baking, due to the Maillard reaction.
However, this is an unintentional and potentially undesirable aspect of food preparation.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) and its derivatives are also used in research and development for various applications, including materials science and pharmaceuticals.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) and its polymer, polyacrylamide, are widely used in water treatment processes as flocculants.
They help to clarify water by causing impurities and solid particles to aggregate and settle, making it easier to separate clean water from contaminants.

This application is crucial for purifying drinking water and treating industrial waste water.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is used in soil erosion control to reduce soil erosion caused by water runoff.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) improves soil structure and water infiltration, making it particularly valuable in agriculture, construction, and land reclamation projects.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide)-based polymers are used in the paper and pulp industry to enhance the retention and drainage properties of paper pulp during the papermaking process.
This helps improve the quality of paper products.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide)-based polymers are employed in the mining industry for thickening and dewatering processes, which are essential for separating valuable minerals from ore and for waste management.

In addition to enhanced oil recovery (EOR), polyacrylamide is used in oil and gas production as a friction reducer in hydraulic fracturing (fracking) fluids, which are injected into oil and gas reservoirs to enhance production.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is used in gel electrophoresis techniques, such as SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), which is essential for separating and analyzing proteins and nucleic acids in molecular biology and biochemistry research.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide)-based polymers are used as soil conditioners in agriculture to improve soil quality, increase water retention, and enhance nutrient uptake by plants.
This can lead to improved crop yields and sustainability.
In the textile industry, acrylamide-based polymers are used for textile sizing and finishing processes.

They can enhance the texture, durability, and appearance of fabrics.
While less common, Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) and its derivatives can be found in some cosmetic and personal care products, such as hair styling products, as binding or thickening agents.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is a key monomer used in the production of polyacrylamide, a polymer with a wide range of applications.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is used in water treatment processes, as a flocculant to clarify water, in the production of paper, and in the petroleum industry for enhanced oil recovery.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) is used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories to create polyacrylamide gels for techniques like gel electrophoresis.
These gels are commonly used to separate and analyze DNA, RNA, and proteins.

Acrylamide (2-Propenamide)-based grouts are used in construction and civil engineering to stabilize soil and fill voids or cracks in structures.
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide)-based polymers are used in wastewater treatment processes to remove impurities and solids from water.

Hazards
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide)is also a skin irritant and may be a tumor initiator in the skin, potentially increasing risk for skin cancer.
Symptoms of acrylamide exposure include dermatitis in the exposed area, and peripheral neuropathy.
Laboratory research has found that some phytochemicals may have the potential to be developed into drugs which could alleviate the toxicity of acrylamide.

The presence of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) in food has raised health concerns because it has been linked to cancer in laboratory animals when administered at high doses.
However, the risk to humans from dietary exposure to acrylamide is still a subject of ongoing research and debate among scientists and regulatory agencies.

It's important to note that the levels of Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) found in foods are typically much lower than the doses used in animal studies that showed carcinogenic effects.
Additionally, the actual risk to human health from dietary exposure to acrylamide remains uncertain, and it is difficult to establish a clear cause-and-effect relationship between dietary Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) and cancer in humans.

Toxicity and carcinogenicity
Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) can arise in some cooked foods via a series of steps by the reaction of the amino acid asparagine and glucose.
This condensation, one of the Maillard reactions, followed by dehydrogenation produces N-(D-glucos-1-yl)-L-asparagine, which upon pyrolysis generates some Acrylamide (2-Propenamide).

The discovery in 2002 that some cooked foods contain Acrylamide (2-Propenamide) attracted significant attention to its possible biological effects.
IARC, NTP, and the EPA have classified it as a probable carcinogen, although epidemiological studies (as of 2019) suggest that dietary acrylamide consumption does not significantly increase people's risk of developing cancer.

Synonyms
ACRYLAMIDE
79-06-1
2-Propenamide
prop-2-enamide
Propenamide
Ethylenecarboxamide
Acrylic amide
Vinyl amide
Akrylamid
Acrylic acid amide
Acrylagel
Propeneamide
Optimum
2-Propeneamide
9003-05-8
Amresco Acryl-40
Ethylene Carboxamide
Propenoic acid amide
Amid kyseliny akrylove
RCRA waste number U007
Acrylamide Monomer
Akrylamid [Czech]
CCRIS 7
Amide propenoic acid
NSC 7785
Acrylamide-13C3
Acrilamida
Porisutoron
HSDB 191
Amid kyseliny akrylove [Czech]
acryl amide
CHEBI:28619
Flokonit E
Aminogen PA
Acrylamide Monome
Flygtol GB
Stipix AD
EINECS 201-173-7
Superfloc 84
Cytame 5
UNII-20R035KLCI
Sursolan P 5
Solvitose 433
Sumitex A 1
Superfloc 900
Cyanamer P 35
Gelamide 250
Nacolyte 673
Versicol W 11
BRN 0605349
Magnafloc R 292
Sumirez A 17
Sumirez A 27
20R035KLCI
Aerofloc 3453
Cyanamer P 250
Praestol 2800
DTXSID5020027
Himoloc SS 200
Propenoic acid, amide
Stokopol D 2624
ACYLAMIDE-
AI3-04119
Bio-Gel P 2
Reten 420
American Cyanamid KPAM
BioGel P-100
K-PAM
NSC-7785
UN2074
American Cyanamid P-250
RCRA waste no. U007
Dow ET 597
DTXCID6027
Taloflote
Pamid
AAM
Acrylamide, electrophoresis grade
NSC7785
EC 201-173-7
Acrylamide [UN2074] [Poison]
MFCD00008032
Himoloc OK 507
Percol 720
PAARK 123sh
ACRYLAMIDE (IARC)
ACRYLAMIDE [IARC]
ACRYLAMIDE (MART.)
ACRYLAMIDE [MART.]
PAA-1
Dow J 100
PAA 70L
PAM-50
Q 41F
AP 273
ET 597
Acrylamide 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
CAS-79-06-1
J 100
P 250
P 300
acrylarnide
Acrilammide
Crylamide
Amide propenoate
2-propenamida
2-propene amide
acryloic acid amide
1HC
37 - Acrylamide
Acrylamide, 97%
Acrylamide, Inhalable
Bio Gel P2
Bio Gel P-2
Bio-Gel P-2
Acrylamide (Ultrapure)
AAM (CHRIS Code)
ACRYLAMIDE [MI]
CH2CHCONH2
ACRYLAMIDE [HSDB]
ACRYLAMIDE [INCI]
bmse000392
D0L0SP
Acrylamide Solution, 40%
Acrylamide, >=98.0%
Acrylamide, >=99.9%
acrylamide; prop-2-enamide
RCRA Waste Numbrt U007
WLN: ZV1U1
PROPENAMIDE (50%)
Acrylamide_RamanathanGurudeeban
BIDD:ER0629
Acrylamide, analytical standard
CHEMBL348107
GTPL4553
Acrylamide, for synthesis, 99%
Acrylamide [UN2074] [Poison]
USEPA Pesticide Code: 600008
BCP25183
Tox21_201526
Tox21_300145
BDBM50226193
NA2074
NSC116573
NSC116574
NSC116575
NSC118185
STL282727
UN3426
788 - Acrylamide analysis in snacks
881 - Acrylamide analysis in coffee
AKOS000120965
Ethylene monoclinic tablets carboxamide
Acrylamide, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
LS-1769
NSC-116573
NSC-116574
NSC-116575
NSC-118185
UN 2074
Acrylamide Monomer (ca. 50% in Water)
Acrylamide Monomer [for Electrophoresis]
NCGC00090736-01
NCGC00090736-02
NCGC00090736-03
NCGC00090736-04
NCGC00090736-05
NCGC00253932-01
NCGC00259076-01
Acrylamide Monomer, [for Electrophoresis]
Acrylamide, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
A0139
A1132
Acrylamide, Ultrapure, Electrophoresis Grade
FT-0661414
FT-0688081
EN300-20803
C01659
Acrylamide, suitable for electrophoresis, >=99%
A839565
Acrylamide, for electrophoresis, >=99.0% (GC)
Q342939
Acrylamide, for molecular biology, >=99% (HPLC)
J-200356
J-510287
Acrylamide, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Acrylamide, for electrophoresis, >=99% (HPLC), powder
BC269F2E-D242-48E1-87E4-E51DB86FF0A8
F8880-6341
InChI=1/C3H5NO/c1-2-3(4)5/h2H,1H2,(H2,4,5
Acrylamide, for Northern and Southern blotting, powder blend
Acrylamide, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, suitable for electrophoresis
HJ 801-2016 SVOC Mixture 492 500-1000 microg/mL in Water

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has the chemical formula C7H13NO4S and a molecular weight of 207.25 g/mol.

CAS Number: 15214-89-8
EC Number: 239-268-0

Synonyms: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), Acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, 2-Propenamide, 2-methyl-2-(sulfooxy)-, 2-Propenamide, 2-methyl-2-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-propenoylaminopropanesulfonic acid, Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS)A, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, N-(1,1-Dimethyl-2-propenyl)sulfonamide, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulfonic acid, N-(1,1-Dimethyl-2-propenyl)sulfonic acid, 2-Propenamide, N-(2-sulfoethyl)-, 2-Propenamide, 2-methyl-2-propanesulfonic acid, N-[2-(Methylsulfonyl)ethyl]acrylamide, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid, Acrylamide, 2-methyl-2-propanesulfonic acid, N-(2-Sulfoethyl)acrylamide, 2-Propenamide, 2-methyl-N-(2-sulfoethyl)-, Acrylamide, 2-methyl-2-propanesulfonic acid, Acrylamide, N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)sulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, 2-Propenamide, N-(2-sulfoethyl)-2-methyl-, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, Acrylamide, N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)sulfonic acid, Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, 2-Propenamide, 2-methyl-N-(2-sulfoethyl)-, N-(1,1-Dimethyl-2-propenyl)sulfonamide, 2-Methyl-2-propenoylaminopropanesulfonic acid, Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, N-(1,1-Dimethyl-2-propenyl)sulfonic acid, 2-Propenamide, N-(2-sulfoethyl)-, 2-Propenamide, 2-methyl-2-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Propenamide, N-(2-sulfoethyl)-2-methyl-, Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid, 2-Propenamide, 2-methyl-N-(2-sulfoethyl)-, N-[2-(Methylsulfonyl)ethyl]acrylamide, 2-Propenamide, N-(2-sulfoethyl)-2-methyl-, Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid, Acrylamide, 2-methyl-2-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-propenoylaminopropanesulfonic acid, Acrylamide, N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)sulfonic acid, N-(1,1-Dimethyl-2-propenyl)sulfonamide, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, N-(2-Sulfoethyl)acrylamide, Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid



APPLICATIONS


Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in water treatment chemicals to prevent scale formation and corrosion in industrial water systems.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) serves as a monomer in the production of superabsorbent polymers for hygiene products such as diapers and adult incontinence pads.
In the oil and gas industry, Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an essential additive in drilling fluids, enhancing their thermal stability and salt tolerance.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in cement and concrete admixtures to improve water retention, workability, and mechanical strength.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a key ingredient in water-soluble polymers used as thickeners, dispersants, and stabilizers.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in textile processing to improve dye uptake and provide antistatic properties to fibers.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the performance of paper products by serving as a retention aid and strength enhancer in paper manufacturing.

In personal care products, Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) acts as a rheology modifier and conditioning agent in shampoos, creams, and lotions.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers are used as dispersants in pigment and dye formulations to ensure uniform color distribution.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in water-based paints and coatings to improve adhesion, flexibility, and resistance to environmental factors.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a crucial component in the formulation of pressure-sensitive adhesives, providing enhanced tack and adhesion.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in superplasticizers for concrete to increase flowability without adding extra water.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is incorporated into hydrogel formulations for medical and pharmaceutical applications, including wound dressings.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the production of ion-exchange resins for water purification and softening processes.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) improves the thermal and oxidative stability of polymers used in high-temperature applications.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the formulation of emulsifiers and dispersants for agricultural chemicals, ensuring stable mixtures.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the performance of lubricants and greases by providing corrosion inhibition and stability.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the production of synthetic rubber and elastomers, improving their processability and performance.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based copolymers are utilized in waterborne adhesives for packaging and woodworking applications.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) serves as a functional monomer in the synthesis of specialty polymers with specific properties, such as conductivity and bio-compatibility.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the formulation of anti-scaling agents for desalination plants and cooling towers.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a key ingredient in the manufacture of flocculants for wastewater treatment, aiding in the removal of suspended solids.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the production of coatings for electronic devices, providing moisture resistance and durability.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the formulation of printing inks to improve viscosity and stability.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the performance of sealants and caulks used in construction, providing better adhesion and flexibility.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in detergents and cleaning products to enhance their efficiency by acting as a dispersant and anti-redeposition agent.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is utilized in the manufacturing of contact lenses, where it helps to maintain moisture and comfort.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an important component in the formulation of hydraulic fracturing fluids, aiding in the extraction of oil and gas.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in hair styling gels and mousses to provide hold and conditioning properties.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is employed in the production of coatings for food packaging, improving barrier properties and durability.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in agricultural formulations as a soil conditioner to improve water retention and nutrient availability.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is included in the formulation of antifreeze and coolant additives to prevent corrosion and scaling.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the cosmetics industry for its film-forming and moisture-retaining properties.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers are used as thickeners in latex paints, providing better application properties and finish.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the treatment of industrial wastewater to remove heavy metals and organic contaminants.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is incorporated into water-based inks to improve print quality and stability on various substrates.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the formulation of fire retardant coatings, enhancing their effectiveness and durability.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the mining industry to improve the efficiency of ore flotation processes.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is utilized in the production of gel electrolytes for batteries, enhancing ionic conductivity and stability.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the synthesis of hydrophilic membranes for filtration and separation processes.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is included in pharmaceutical formulations to control drug release and improve bioavailability.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers are used in the production of medical adhesives, providing strong and flexible bonds.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is employed in the formulation of rust inhibitors for metal protection in various industrial applications.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the manufacturing of specialty papers, such as photographic and printing papers, to improve quality and performance.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is utilized in the formulation of lubricants for wire drawing and metalworking processes.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the production of waterproofing agents for textiles, providing durability and protection.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is included in the formulation of construction materials, such as grouts and sealants, to improve adhesion and flexibility.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers are used in the production of automotive coatings, providing durability and resistance to environmental factors.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the formulation of industrial cleaners, enhancing their effectiveness in removing stubborn contaminants.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is utilized in the development of advanced materials for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems and tissue engineering scaffolds.



DESCRIPTION


Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has the chemical formula C7H13NO4S and a molecular weight of 207.25 g/mol.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is known for its high water solubility, making it suitable for aqueous formulations.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is commonly used as a monomer in polymer synthesis.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is widely utilized in the water treatment industry for its scale inhibition properties.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) exhibits excellent thermal and hydrolytic stability.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can copolymerize with a wide range of vinyl monomers.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is often used to modify the properties of synthetic and natural polymers.
In the oil and gas industry, Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an essential additive in drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery.

The presence of a sulfonic acid group in Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) provides high ionic character and hydrophilicity.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is effective in preventing the formation of calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate scales.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the water retention properties of concrete admixtures.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the textile industry to improve the dyeability of fabrics.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) provides antistatic properties to textile fibers.

In personal care products, Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) functions as a thickener and conditioning agent.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in superabsorbent polymers for hygiene products like diapers.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) improves the mechanical properties of polymeric materials.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the performance of water-based adhesives and sealants.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers are used as dispersants in various industrial applications.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) contributes to the thermal stability of polymeric materials used in high-temperature environments.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is effective in stabilizing suspensions and emulsions.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the paper industry to improve paper strength and quality.

Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can form hydrogels with high water absorption capacity.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is utilized in the formulation of coatings and paints for improved adhesion and durability.
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the performance and stability of chemical formulations in diverse applications.



PROPERTIES


Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Molecular Formula: C7H13NO4S
Molecular Weight: 207.25 g/mol
Melting Point: Approximately 190-195°C (with decomposition)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: 1.35 g/cm³
Solubility in Water: Highly soluble
Solubility in Other Solvents: Sparingly soluble in ethanol; insoluble in most organic solvents
pH (in solution): Typically acidic
Odor: Odorless
Hygroscopic: Yes



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Immediate Steps:
Move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Ensure that they are in a comfortable position for breathing.

Breathing Support:
If the person is having difficulty breathing, provide oxygen if available and if trained to do so.

Symptoms Monitoring:
Keep an eye out for symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, or wheezing.
If these symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention immediately.

Emergency Action:
If the person is not breathing, begin CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and call for emergency medical services.


Skin Contact:

Immediate Steps:
Remove any contaminated clothing and accessories immediately to prevent further exposure.

Washing:
Rinse the affected skin area thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use soap if available to ensure complete removal of the chemical.

Symptoms Monitoring:
Look for signs of skin irritation, such as redness, itching, or a rash.
If irritation persists or develops, seek medical advice.

Clothing Handling:
Wash contaminated clothing before reuse to prevent any further contact.


Eye Contact:

Immediate Steps:
Flush eyes immediately with plenty of lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Keep the eyelids open and move the eyeball in all directions to ensure thorough rinsing.

Emergency Action:
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.

Symptoms Monitoring:
Watch for signs of irritation such as redness, pain, swelling, or blurred vision.
If any of these symptoms persist, seek medical attention immediately.

Aftercare:
Even if no symptoms are present, it is advisable to get medical evaluation to ensure no damage has occurred to the eyes.


Ingestion:

Immediate Steps:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.

Mouth Rinse:
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.

Medical Attention:
Seek medical attention immediately, even if no symptoms are present.

Symptoms Monitoring:
Look for signs of gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.
Provide the medical team with information on the chemical ingested.


HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE including gloves, safety goggles, lab coat, and, if necessary, respiratory protection.
Ensure that PPE is made of materials resistant to chemicals, and inspect regularly for wear and tear.

General Handling Precautions:
Handle in a well-ventilated area or under an exhaust hood to minimize inhalation exposure.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Wash hands and face thoroughly after handling.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is handled or stored.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In case of a small spill, use appropriate absorbent material and dispose of it according to local regulations.
For larger spills, evacuate the area and follow emergency procedures. Use appropriate containment to prevent environmental contamination.

Safe Work Practices:
Use chemical fume hoods or appropriate local exhaust ventilation to prevent exposure to vapors and dust.
Ensure all containers are properly labeled with the chemical name and hazard warnings.

Equipment and Tools:
Use tools and equipment made from materials compatible with Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) to avoid chemical reactions.
Regularly inspect and maintain equipment to ensure proper functioning and safety.

Training and Documentation:
Ensure that all personnel handling Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are trained in proper handling techniques, emergency procedures, and use of PPE.
Maintain safety data sheets (SDS) and make them accessible to all personnel.


Storage:

Storage Area Requirements:
Store Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and incompatible materials.
Designate a specific storage area for Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), clearly labeled and restricted to authorized personnel only.

Container Specifications:
Use containers made of compatible materials such as polyethylene or glass. Ensure they are tightly sealed to prevent moisture ingress.
Regularly inspect storage containers for signs of damage or leaks.

Temperature Control:
Store Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) at temperatures between 10-25°C (50-77°F) to prevent degradation.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures which can lead to decomposition or altered chemical properties.

Humidity and Moisture Control:
Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is hygroscopic and should be kept in a low-humidity environment.
Use desiccants in storage areas to control moisture levels.

Segregation:
Store Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases to prevent chemical reactions.
Ensure physical segregation from food, beverages, and animal feed to avoid contamination.

Fire Protection:
Although Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is not highly flammable, it is important to store it away from ignition sources.
Equip storage areas with appropriate fire extinguishing systems and keep emergency contact numbers readily accessible.

Labeling and Documentation:
Clearly label all storage containers with the chemical name, CAS number, and hazard warnings.
Keep an inventory log of stored chemicals and regularly update it to track usage and storage conditions.

Emergency Procedures:
Establish and clearly post emergency procedures for spills, leaks, and other accidental releases.
Ensure that emergency showers and eyewash stations are readily accessible in storage and handling areas.

Inspection and Maintenance:
Conduct regular inspections of storage areas to ensure compliance with safety regulations and to identify potential hazards.
Maintain records of inspections, maintenance, and any incidents for continuous safety improvement.

Disposal Considerations:
Dispose of Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) according to local, state, and federal regulations. Consult the SDS for specific disposal recommendations.
Do not dispose of Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in regular trash or down the drain. Use certified waste disposal companies for hazardous chemicals.

acrylamide; Acrylic amide; Ethylene Carboxamide; 2-Propenamide; Propenoic acid, amide; Vinyl Amide; cas no: 79-06-1

BUTYL ACRYLATE, N° CAS : 141-32-2, Nom INCI : BUTYL ACRYLATE, Nom chimique : 2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 216-768-7 (I). Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques. Principaux synonymes. Noms français : 2-PROPENOIC ACID, BUTYL ESTER; Acrylate de butyle;Acrylate de butyle normal; ACRYLATE DE N-BUTYLE BUTYL 2-PROPENOATE; BUTYL ACRYLATE (NORMAL-); PROPENOATE-2 DE BUTYLE; PROPENOATE-2 DE BUTYLE NORMAL; PROPENOATE-2 DE N-BUTYLE. Noms anglais : ACRYLIC ACID, BUTYL ESTER; Butyl acrylate; n-Butyl acrylate; NORMAL BUTYL ACRYLATE. Commentaires: L'acrylate de butyle normal contient généralement un inhibiteur de polymérisation, l'éther monométhylique de l'hydroquinone (entre 10 et 20 ppm). La présence d'oxygène dissout étant essentielle à l'efficacité de l'inhibiteur, il ne doit pas être entreposé sous atmosphère inerte. Utilisation: L'acrylate de butyle normal sert presqu'exclusivement à la production de polymères, la grande majorité étant des copolymères. Ces derniers peuvent servir à la fabrication de divers revêtements, élastomères, adhésifs, agents de surface, plastiques, textiles et encres. Ils sont également utilisés dans la fabrication de matériaux superabsorbants et de détergents. 2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester Acrylic acid butyl ester (8CI) Acrylic acid n-butyl ester Acrylic acid, butyl ester acrylic acid, n-butyl ester Butyl 2-propenoate Butyl acrylate BUTYL ACRYLATES, STABILIZED Butylester kyseliny akrylove n-Butyl acrylate n-Butyl propenoate n-Butylacrylate acrilato de n-butilo (es) acrilato di n-butile (it) acrylate de n-butyle (fr) akrylan butylu (pl) butil-akrilát (hu) butilakrilatas (lt) butyl-akrylát (cs) butylacrylat (da) butylakrylat (sv) ester butylowy kwasu akrylowego (pl) n-butil acrilate (ro) n-butil akrilat (sl) n-butil-akrilat (hr) n-butilacrilato (it) n-butilakrilāts (lv) n-butylacrylaat (nl) n-Butylacrylat (de) n-butylakrylat (no) n-Butyyliakrylaatti (fi) n-butüülakrülaat (et) n-бутил акрилат (bg) ακρυλικός n-βουτυλεστέρας (el) 2-Propenoic acid, n-butyl ester ABU Acrylic acid butyl ester; n-Butyl acrylate; Acrylic acid, n-butyl ester; 2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester; Butyl 2-propenoate; n-Butyl propenoate; Butylacrylate, inhibited; Butyl ester kyseliny akrylove; UN 2348 butyl acrilate Butyl acryate butyl acrylate (BA) Butyl Acrylate (stabilized with MEHQ) Butyl prop-2-enoate butyl propenoate butylacrylate butyll prop-2-enoate n Butyl acrylate monomer s 2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester (9CI) Acrylic acid butyl ester (6CI, 8CI) Acrylic acid n-butyl ester, Butyl 2-propeonate ACRYLIC ACID NORMAL-BUTYL ESTER Acrylsaeurebutylester BA Butyl Acrylate ; Acrylic acid butyl ester Butyl Acylate Butyl Acylate Monomer Butyl ester acrylic acid FLOWING AGENT TP88 n-butyl acetate N-BUTYL-2-PROPENOATE TP88 UN 2348 ZMATLTXT

Acroleic acid; 2-Propenoic acid; Acrylate; Ethylenecarboxylic acid; propene acid; Propenoic acid; Vinylformic Acid; Acide acrylique; Acido acrilio; Kyselina akrylova; 2-PROPENOIC ACID; Acroleic acid; ACRYLIC ACID; AKOS BBS-00003787; ETHYLENECARBOXYLIC ACID; PROPENOIC ACID; RARECHEM AL BO 0141; 2-Propensαure; acideacrylique; acideacrylique(french); acidoacrilio; Acrylate; acrylicacid,[waste]; acrylicacid,glacial; acrylicacid,inhibited; Acrylsαure; ai3-15717; caswellno.009a; CH2=CHCOOH; Glacial acrylic acid CAS NO: 79-10-7

Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA)’s molecular formula is C3H4O2.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) has a role as a metabolite.


CAS Number: 79-10-7
EC Number: 201-177-9
Chemical formula: C3H4O2



SYNONYMS:
GAA, ACRYLIC ACID, 2-Propenoic acid, 79-10-7, Propenoic acid, prop-2-enoic acid, Vinylformic acid, Acroleic acid, Propene acid, Ethylenecarboxylic acid, Acrylic Acid, Acroleic acid, Propenoic acid, Vinylformic acid, 2-Propenoic acid, Refined Acrylic Acid, High Purity Acrylic Acid, GAA, Glacial Acrylic Acid, 2-Propenoic acid, vinyl formic acid, Ethylenecarboxylic acid, Methacrylic Acid, 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, a-Methylacrylic Acid



Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is miscible with water, alcohols and ethers.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) will undergo the typical reactions of a carboxylic acid, as well as reactions of the double bond similar to those of the acrylate esters.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) lends itself to polymer preparation as well as use as a chemical intermediate.
Acrylate esters, both mono- and multifunctional, are generally prepared from acrylic acid.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is miscible with water, soluble in most organic solvents and has relatively low volatility.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA), appears as a colorless liquid with a distinctive acrid odor.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is a colorless liquid with a distinctive acrid odor.


Flash point of Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is 130°F.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is a alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) has a role as a metabolite.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is a clear, colourless liquid with an acrid odour which is miscible with water, alcohols and ethers.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid which will undergo the typical reactions of a carboxylic acid as well as those of a vinyl compound.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is the simplest carboxylic acid and a precursor for many other acrylates, acrylic polymers, and co-polymers.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is the basic building block for all acrylic chemistry.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is an effective as a vinyl compound and as a carboxylic acid.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is easily subjected to radial (co)polymerization and addition reactions.
Copolymers of Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) can be prepared with (meth)acrylic esters, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, styrene, and other monomers by all known radical polymerization technologies.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomer which is a clear, colourless liquid with an acrid odour which is miscible with water, alcohols and ethers.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA)’s molecular formula is C3H4O2.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is a highly pure acrylic acid used for an organic synthesis and polyelectrolyte.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) contains 220 ppm MEHQ inhibitor.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is an unsaturated carboxylic acid available in the form of clear colorless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is miscible with water, alcohols and ethers.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is undergone the typical reactions of a carboxylic acid, as well as reactions of the double bond similar to those of the acrylate esters.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is used for polymer preparation and as a chemical intermediate.
Acrylate esters are generally prepared from acrylic acid.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is miscible with water, alcohols and ethers.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) will undergo the typical reactions of a carboxylic acid, as well as reactions of the double bond similar to those of the acrylate esters.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) lends itself to polymer preparation as well as use as a chemical intermediate.
Acrylate esters, both mono- and multifunctional, are generally prepared from acrylic acid.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is an unsaturated carboxylic acid co-monomer used in a wide range of copolymers.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) readily copolymerizes with acrylic and methacrylic esters, ethylene, vinyl acetate, styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride.
Copolymers which contain Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) can be solubilized or exhibit improved dispersed in water; the carboxylic acid moiety can be used for coupling or crosslinking reactions.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent, acrid odor.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA)'s comprised of a polymerizable vinyl functional group on one end and a reactive acid group on the other end.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is miscible with water, soluble in most organic solvents and has relatively low volatility.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA)'s vapor is heavier than air.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) copolymerizes readily with a wide variety of monomers.
The added acid group imparts properties such as durability, strength, adhesion and an elevated Tg.


Applications Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) can be homopolymerized into polyacrylic acid which is used in super absorbent
polymers (SAPs), ion exchange resins and detergents.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) can be co-polymerized with a variety of other monomers such as MMA, EHA, VAM, styrene and vinyl chloride.
These products exhibit good weather ability, flexibility, hardness and abrasion resistance.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is used copolymer-based finishes, coatings, adhesives, inks, lubricants, saturants, and plastics.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is also used in the production of a wide variety of specialty esters, in drilling fluids and mineral processing chemicals, detergent builders, water treatment chemicals and in superabsorbent materials.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is used Polymer, Chemical Intermediate
Recommended Use of Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA): Paints and Coatings, Adhesives, Detergents, Water Treatment, Super Absorbent Polymers (SAPs), Enhanced Oil Recovery, and Floor polishes.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is also used in the manufacture of paints, coatings, adhesives and binders, detergents, diapers and floor polishes as well as finding use in a variety of medical applications.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is widely used in super absorbent polymer, addition polymerization of macromolecular and monomer for polyelectrolyte, organic synthesis, water treatment reagent and paper-making chemicals as functional monomer.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is a chemical which is typically polymerized to give mechanical structure emulsions and resins.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is used as raw material for specialty acrylates.
Recommended for application of Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) in production of impregnating materials and adhesives.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is used in the production of polymers and acrylate esters and as a feedstock for chemical syntheses.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is used in coatings, adhesives, solid resins, molding compounds.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) has useful properties such as flexibility, good weathering, adhesion, hardness and resistance to abrasion and oils and as such it is used as an additive in a wide range of products.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is used as an additive in a variety of copolymer-based finishes, coatings, adhesives, inks, lubricants, saturants, and plastics.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is also used in a range of esters for specialist applications such as in water treatment chemicals, drilling fluids, mineral processing chemicals,detergent builders andsuperabsorbents.


As a superabsorbent polymer (SAP), Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is used in the production of nappies and other sanitary products.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) can also be copolymerised with acrylamides, which act as a flocculant in water purification.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is a water free version of acrylic acid.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) and the its acrylates are used as the components for polymers used in adhesives, coatings, inks, plastics, elastomers, water treatment, personal care, and various other industries.
Key Applications of Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA): Paints; Coatings; Adhesives; Construction; Detergents;Personal care; Leather treatments; Textile chemicals; Acrylic resin manufacture; Water treatment.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is commonly used in a number of end products such as textile, leather and paper finishes, floor polish, plastics, scale inhibitors, hair styling and finishing products, paints, lacquers, adhesives, vehicle paint, dispersants, saturants and thickeners.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is used to produce various esters from esterification reactions with alcohol.


Polyacrylic acid and copolymers of Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) are used in the pulp and paper, paint and varnish, textile industries, the production of detergents, ceramics, perfumes, and cosmetics, in water treatment, in medicine and oil production as binders, film-forming agents, thickeners, scale inhibitors, adhesives, drilling mud modifiers, modifiers drugs, etc.


The scope of their application of Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is constantly expanding.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is used to synthesize its esters and salts.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is used in the production of superabsorbent.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is applied in the production of: Acrylic & Waterborne dispersions, Industrial & Architectural coatings, Paints & Varnishes, Textiles, Pulp & Paper, Paper & Leather coatings, Wood & Metal coatings, Film-forming agents, Thickeners, Scale inhibitors, Adhesives, Drilling mud modifiers, Inks, caulks & sealants, and Many of the other industries…


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) has useful properties such as flexibility, good weathering, adhesion, hardness and resistance to abrasion and oils and as such it is used as an additive in a wide range of products.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) readily copolymerizes with acrylic and methacrylic esters, ethylene, vinyl acetate, styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile, maleic esters, vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) has 2 main application, for the polymeric application and for the manufacture of acrylate esters.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is commonly used as an additive in a variety of copolymer-based finishes, coatings, adhesives, inks, lubricants, textile, leather, paper finishes, floor polish, plastics, scale inhibitors, hair styling and finishing products, paints, lacquers, plastics, adhesives, dispersants, and thickeners.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is also used in a range of esters for specialist applications such as in water treatment chemicals when it’s copolymerised with acrylamides, in drilling fluids, in mineral processing chemicals, detergent builders and in super absorbents polymers (SAP) for the production of nappies and sanitary products.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is used Super Absorbent Polymers, Water Treatment, Enhanced Oil Recovery, Paints and Coatings, Adhesives, and Detergents.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) copolymers can be used in the form of their free acids, ammonium salts or alkali salts in applications such as thickeners, dispersing agents, flocculants, protective colloids and polymer dispersions, wetting agents, coatings, adhesives, inks and textile finishes.


Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is used in industries of a super absorbent polymer, and an addition polymerization of macromolecule.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is also used in a wide variety of specialty copolymers in drilling fluids and mineral processing chemicals, water treatment polymers and superabsorbent materials.



BENEFITS OF ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
*Weather moisture and abrasion resistance
*Impact strength flexibility durability and toughness
*Dry adhesion



SUGGESTED INDUSTRIES OF ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
*Adhesives & Sealants,
*Plastics & Packaging,
*Coatings & Paints,
*Construction & Building Materials



IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
The resulting polymer chains bear functional groups that impart the following important properties to the polymer products;
• Impact strength, flexibility, durability, toughness
• Weather resistance, moisture resistance
• Crosslinking sites, acid group reacts readily with alcohols, acrylates and styrenics.
• Hardness, wet and dry adhesion and abrasion resistance are also properties of GAA copolymers.
• Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is also used in the manufacture of paints, coatings, adhesives and binders, detergents, diapers and floor polishes as well as finding use in a variety of medical applications.



SYNTHESIS SOLUTIONS OF ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) and its esters undergo the reactions of the double bond which readily combine with themselves or other monomers (e.g. amides, methacrylates, acrylonitrile, vinyl, styrene and butadiene) to form homopolymers or co-polymers which are used in the production of coatings, adhesives, elastomers, super absorbent polymers, flocculants, as well as fibers and plastics.
Acrylate polymers show a wide range of properties dependent on the type of the monomers and reaction conditions.



BENEFITS OF ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
*Impact strength, flexibility, durability, toughness
*Weather resistance, moisture resistance
*Crosslinking sites, acid group reacts readily with alcohols, acrylates and styrenics
*Hardness, wet and dry adhesion and abrasion resistance are also properties of GAA copolymers



PRODUCTION OF ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) is synthesized by the oxidation of propene via acrolein.



ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA) MARKET OVERVIEW:
The Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) Market size is expected to develop revenue and exponential market growth at a remarkable CAGR during the forecast period from 2023–2030.

The growth of the market can be attributed to the increasing demand for Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) owning to the Paints and Coatings, Textile Industry, Water Treatment Agent, Pulp and Paper, Petroleum, Other Applications across the global level.
The report provides insights regarding the lucrative opportunities in the Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) Market at the country level.

The report also includes a precise cost, segments, trends, region, and commercial development of the major key players globally for the projected period.
The Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) Market report represents gathered information about a market within an industry or various industries.

The Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) Market report includes analysis in terms of both quantitative and qualitative data with a forecast period of the report extending from 2023 to 2030.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
*Hydrophilicity
*Water solubility
*Adhesion
*Any required rheological properties



STORAGE AND HANDLING OF ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) polymerizes readily and is therefore supplied in stabilised form.
Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) must be stored under air rather than inert gases to prevent spontaneous polymerization.
Storage Acrylic Acid Glacial (GAA) temperature must be between 15°C and 25°C.
Provided these storage conditions are properly maintained, the product can be expected to remain stable for a period of one year.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
Formula weight: 72.06 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Pungent, acrid
Specific gravity at 20°C: 1.051
Refractive index at 25°C: 1.415
Viscosity, cps at 20°C: 1.3
Boiling point at 760 mmHg: 141°C
Freezing point: 14°C
Solubility in water: Miscible
Tg of homopolymer: 87°C

Molecular weight: 72.06 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 1.05 g/cm³
Refractive index: 1.4224
Color: 20 Max.
Assay: 99.5% Min
Water content: 0.2% Max.
Inhibitor (MEHQ): 200 +/- 20 ppm
Odor: Acrid odor
Boiling point: 141°C
Melting point: 13°C
Flash point: 46°C



FIRST AID MEASURES of ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ACRYLIC ACID GLACIAL (GAA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

acrylic acid-hydroxypropyl acrylate copolymer ACRYLIC ACID-2-HYDROXYPROPYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMER AcrylicAcid-2-HydroxypropylAcrylateCopolymer(equaltoT-225) Acrylic Acid-2-Hydroxypropyl Acrylate Copolymer (T-225) T-225 Acrylic acid-hydroxypropyl acrylate polymer Acrylic Acid-2-Hydroxypropyl Acrylate Copolymer T-225 or AA/HPA flocculant TS-609 cas :55719-33-0

SynonymsTH-241;aa-ampsa;AcrylicAcid-AMPSCopolymer(AA/AMPS);Sulfonated Polyacrylic Acid Copolymer;TH-613 Acrylic-acrylate-sulfosalt copolymers;2-(1-oxoprop-2-enylamino)-2-butanesulfonic acid;2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-acrylic acid;ACRYLIC ACID/ APSA COPOLYMER/HPA TERPOLYMER (AA/APSA/HPA);prop-2-enoic acid,2-(prop-2-enoylamino)butane-2-sulfonic acid;ACRYLIC ACID/ACRYLAMIDOMETHYL PROPANE SULFONIC ACID COPOLYMER cas :40623-75-4

MA-AA; Copolymer of Maleic and Acrylic Acid; ACRYLIC ACID MALEIC ANHYDRIDE COPOLYMER CAS NO:26677-99-6

prop-2-enoic acid; acrylic acid; Carbopol; CARBOMER; CAS NO:9063-87-0

MA-AA; Copolymer of Maleic and Acrylic Acid; ACRYLIC ACID MALEIC ANHYDRIDE COPOLYMER CAS NO:26677-99-6

MA-AA; Copolymer of Maleic and Acrylic Acid; ACRYLIC ACID MALEIC ANHYDRIDE COPOLYMER CAS NO:26677-99-6

ACETYLENE BLACK; ACETYLENE CARBON BLACK; ACTIVATED CARBON; ACTIVATED CARBON DARCO G-60; ACTIVATED CHARCOAL; ACTIVATED CHARCOAL NORIT; ACTIVATED CHARCOAL NORIT(R); CALGON CPG; CARBO ACTIVATUS; CARBON; CARBON 84; CARBON, ACTIVATED; CARBON ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD; CARBON BLACK; CARBON BLACK, ACETYLENE; CARBON, DECOLORIZING; CARBON, DECOLORIZING DARCO(R); CARBON, DECOLORIZING NORIT(R) A; CARBON, DECOLORIZING NUCHAR(R) S-N; CARBON FELT CAS NO:7440-44-0

Actipone Alpha Pulp is a high-quality natural extract derived from the pulp of apples, known for its potent antioxidant and skin-soothing properties.
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This versatile ingredient is ideal for a wide range of applications, including anti-aging products, moisturizers, and skin-brightening treatments.

CAS Number: Not specifically assigned (relevant CAS numbers may vary depending on specific components like polyphenols, vitamin C, etc.)
EC Number: Not specifically assigned (relevant EC numbers may vary depending on specific components)

Synonyms: Actipone Alpha Pulp, Apple Pulp Extract, Malus Domestica Pulp Extract, Skin Conditioning Agent Alpha Pulp, Actipone Antioxidant Alpha, Natural Extract Alpha Pulp, Actipone Skin Moisturizer, Actipone Skin Brightening Alpha, Anti-Aging Alpha Pulp, Actipone Hydrating Alpha, Apple Extract Alpha Pulp, Malus Pulp Extract, Actipone Apple Pulp Complex, Actipone Alpha Pulp Moisturizer, Apple-Derived Alpha Pulp, Natural Apple Pulp Extract, Actipone Skin Soother Alpha, Actipone Apple Skin Conditioner, Actipone Alpha Pulp Antioxidant, Actipone Alpha Skin Care, Actipone Apple Pulp Active



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Actipone Alpha Pulp is a key component in the development of face and body scrubs, offering gentle exfoliation with added moisturizing and antioxidant benefits.
Actipone Alpha Pulp is widely employed in the formulation of face mists, offering a quick and easy way to refresh and hydrate the skin throughout the day.
Actipone Alpha Pulp is used in the creation of bath products, providing a soothing and hydrating experience with added antioxidant protection.

Actipone Alpha Pulp is applied in the formulation of skincare products for sensitive skin, providing gentle hydration and protection without causing irritation.
Actipone Alpha Pulp is utilized in the development of moisturizing masks, offering deep hydration and antioxidant benefits for a radiant complexion.
Actipone Alpha Pulp is found in the formulation of skin-illuminating products, helping to enhance skin radiance and create a natural glow.



DESCRIPTION


Actipone Alpha Pulp is a high-quality natural extract derived from the pulp of apples, known for its potent antioxidant and skin-soothing properties.
Actipone Alpha Pulp is widely used in personal care formulations due to its ability to improve skin hydration, enhance radiance, and protect the skin from oxidative stress.

Actipone Alpha Pulp offers additional benefits such as anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects, making it ideal for a wide range of skincare applications.
Actipone Alpha Pulp is often incorporated into formulations designed to brighten the skin, reduce the appearance of dark spots, and even out skin tone.
Actipone Alpha Pulp is recognized for its ability to enhance the overall texture and appearance of the skin, leaving it smooth, soft, and radiant.

Actipone Alpha Pulp is commonly used in natural and organic skincare formulations, where it provides a clean and effective alternative to synthetic ingredients.
Actipone Alpha Pulp is valued for its ability to support the skin's natural repair processes, making it a key ingredient in night creams and anti-aging treatments.
Actipone Alpha Pulp is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of products, including moisturizers, serums, cleansers, and masks.

Actipone Alpha Pulp is an ideal choice for products targeting dry and sensitive skin, as it offers gentle yet effective hydration and protection.
Actipone Alpha Pulp is a key ingredient in formulations designed to combat the effects of environmental stressors, providing antioxidant protection against free radicals.
Actipone Alpha Pulp is known for its environmental friendliness, being derived from natural sources and offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic skincare ingredients.

Actipone Alpha Pulp enhances the overall effectiveness of personal care products by providing hydration, antioxidant protection, and skin conditioning in one ingredient.
Actipone Alpha Pulp is often chosen for formulations that require a balance between hydration and skin protection, ensuring a well-rounded approach to skincare.
Actipone Alpha Pulp is a reliable ingredient for creating products that offer a pleasant user experience, with a light, non-greasy feel and a natural, refreshing scent.

Actipone Alpha Pulp is an essential component in innovative skincare products that stand out in the market for their performance, safety, and natural origin.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: N/A (Complex mixture of natural compounds)
Common Name: Actipone Alpha Pulp (Apple Pulp Extract)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Light yellow to amber liquid
Density: Approx. 1.0 g/cm³
Melting Point: N/A (liquid at room temperature)
Solubility: Soluble in water, soluble in alcohols and glycols
Flash Point: N/A (aqueous solution)
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Actipone Alpha Pulp is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Actipone Alpha Pulp is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:
Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Actipone Alpha Pulp to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Actipone Alpha Pulp.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store Actipone Alpha Pulp in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid inhalation of vapors and direct contact with skin and eyes.
Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Actipone Alpha Pulp at temperatures between 15-25°C as recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Actipone Alpha Pulp away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizers.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Actipone Alpha Pulp to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of cosmetic ingredients.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.

ACETYLENE BLACK ACETYLENE CARBON BLACK ACTIVATED CARBON ACTIVATED CARBON DARCO G-60 ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL NORIT ACTIVATED CHARCOAL NORIT(R) CALGON CPG CARBO ACTIVATUS CARBON CARBON 84 CARBON, ACTIVATED CARBON ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD CARBON BLACK CARBON BLACK, ACETYLENE CARBON, DECOLORIZING CARBON, DECOLORIZING DARCO(R) CARBON, DECOLORIZING NORIT(R) A CARBON, DECOLORIZING NUCHAR(R) S-N CARBON FELT cas :440-44-0

DESCRIPTION:

Activated carbon is a form of carbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and air, among many other uses.
Activated carbon is processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption (which is not the same as absorption) or chemical reactions.
Activated carbon is analogous to making popcorn from dried corn kernels: popcorn is light, fluffy, and its kernels have a high surface-area-to-volume ratio.



CAS NUMBER: 7440-44-0

EC NUMBER: 231-153-3

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 12.011 g/mol



DESCRIPTION:

Activated carbon is sometimes replaced by active.
Due to its high degree of microporosity, one gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess of 3,000 m2 (32,000 sq ft) as determined by gas adsorption.
Activated carbon has a specific surface area in the range of 2.0–5.0 m2/g.
An activation level sufficient for useful application may be obtained solely from high surface area.

Further chemical treatment often enhances adsorption properties.
Activated carbon is usually derived from waste products such as coconut husks; waste from paper mills has been studied as a source.
These bulk sources are converted into charcoal before being 'activated'.
When derived from coal it is referred to as activated coal.

Activated carbon is a porous form of carbon which can be manufactured from a variety of carbonaceous raw materials.
The principal commercial products are made from coconut shell, coal, peat or wood.
The activation process involves treating the raw material with steam or chemicals, thereby developing a pore structure.
Activated carbon, known as activated charcoal, is characterised by a vast system of pores of molecular size within the carbon particles, resulting in the formation of a material with an extensive internal surface area.

Commercially available, activated carbons have surface areas from 400m2/g to more than 2000m2/g.
Activated carbon or activated charcoal is a porous element that traps compounds, primarily organic, present in a gas or liquid.
Activated carbon does this so effectively that it is the most widely used purifying agent by humans.
On the other hand, organic compounds are derived from the metabolism of living beings, and their basic structure consists of chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
These include all derivatives from the plant and animal world, including petroleum and the compounds obtained from it.

The property of a solid to adhere a flowing molecule to its walls is called “adsorption”.
The solid is called “adsorbent” and the molecule, “adsorbate”.
After filtration, which aims to retain solids in a fluid, there is no single purification process with more applications than activated carbon.
Activated carbon is an adsorption medium, its function is to adsorb organic molecules in its micro pores.
Activated carbon is activated by thermal or chemical processes to enhance its adsorption capacity.

Activated carbon has the ability to adsorb.
So, some people put charcoal in the refrigerator to get rid of bad odors.
The same happens when you put charcoal in a bucket of water.
Eliminates color, taste and odor.

Activated carbon involves making it porous to increase its absorbency.
One gram of Activated carbon has a surface area of about 50 square meters.
With activation, Activated carbon reaches 600 to 800 m2, i.e., a 12 to 16-fold increase.
Activated carbon is used to purify liquids and gases in a variety of applications, including municipal drinking water, food and beverage processing, odor removal, industrial pollution control.

Activated carbon is produced from carbonaceous source materials, such as coconuts, nutshells, coal, peat and wood.
The primary raw material used for activated carbon is any organic material with a high carbon content.
Adsorption is a process where a solid is used for removing a soluble substance from the water.
In this process active carbon is the solid.
Activated carbon is produced specifically so as to achieve a very big internal surface (between 500 - 1500 m2/g).
This big internal surface makes active carbon ideal for adsorption.

Active carbon comes in two variations: Powder Activated Carbon (PAC) and Granular Activated Carbon (GAC).
The Activated carbon version is mostly used in water treatment
Activated carbon is a porous solid able to coordinate to itself various types of molecules.
This interaction can be of merely physical nature (attraction between non-bonded atoms or Van der Waals forces) or physical- chemical origin and its strength can vary depending upon the type of molecule and the type of activated carbon.
Activated carbons are usually produced by steam activation process, during which carbon or starting materials containing carbon atoms are partially gasified by reacting with steam or other oxidizing gases.

Raw materials such as charcoal, bituminous coal, lignite, coconut charcoal, peat coke or hard wood are used.
In addition, chemical activation can also be used to activate raw materials containing cellulose.
Saw dust for example is treated with chemicals that have a dehydrating effect at high temperature.
Both processes result in porous carbon which consists in an extremely porous structure with highly developed internal surface that can range from 500 up to 1500 square meters per gram of carbon.

To cover a wide variety of applications, starting from raw activated carbons, manufactures more than 40 different activated carbon finished products which are differing in material origin, physical shape (granular, extrudated or powdered), surface area, pore volume distribution, mesh size and other physical properties, in addition to impregnated carbons for special applications.
Activated carbon, also known as activated charcoal, is a crude form of graphite, the substance used for pencil leads.
Activated carbon differs from graphite by having a random, imperfect structure which is highly porous over a broad range of pore sizes from visible cracks and crevices to molecular dimensions.

The graphite structure gives the carbon its very large surface area which allows the carbon to adsorb a wide range of compounds.
Activated carbon is a very useful adsorbent material with high porosity and high carbon content.
Activated carbon has a wide application range due to its pore structure, large surface area and high reactivity.
Activated carbons, which are economical absorbents for many industries, are used to remove odor and color, to purify and dechlorinate liquid and steam applications. Common uses are water treatment, food grade products, automotive applications, cosmetics, gas purification and industrial processes.

The main and common production materials of activated carbons are coconut shell, charcoal and wood.
Activated carbon (also called activated charcoal, activated coal or active carbon) is a very useful adsorbent.
Due to their high surface area, pore structure (micro, meso and macro), and high degree of surface reactivity, activated carbon can be used to purify, dechlorinate, deodorize and decolorize both liquid and vapor applications.
Moreover, activated carbons are economical adsorbents for many industries such as water purification, food grade products, cosmetology, automotive applications, industrial gas purification, petroleum and precious metal recovery mainly for gold.

The base materials for activated carbons are coconut shell, coal or wood.
Activated carbon has the strongest physical adsorption forces, or the highest volume of adsorbing porosity, of any material known to mankind.
Activated carbon can have a surface of greater than 1000m²/g.
This means 3g of activated carbon can have the surface area of a football field.
Activated carbon (activated charcoal) can made from many substances containing a high carbon content such as coal, coconut shells and wood.
The raw material has a very large influence on the characteristics and performance of the activated carbon.

Activated carbon is a highly porous substance that attracts and holds organic chemicals inside it.
The media is created by first burning a carbonaceous substance without oxygen which makes a carbon “char”.
Next, the “char” is treated chemically or physically to develop an interconnected series of “holes” or pores inside the carbon.
The great surface area of this internal pore network results in an extremely large surface area that can attract and hold organic chemicals.
Activated carbon attracts and holds organic chemicals from vapor and liquid streams cleaning them of unwanted chemicals.

Activated carbon does not have a great capacity for these chemicals, but is very cost effective for treating large volumes of air or water to remove dilute concentrations of contamination.
For a better perspective, when individuals ingest chemicals or are experiencing food poisoning, they are instructed to drink a small amount of activated carbon to soak up and remove the poisons.
Catalytic carbon is created by altering the surface structure of activated carbon.

Activated carbon is modified by gas processing at high temperatures to change the electronic structure and create the highest level of catalytic activity on carbon for reducing chloramine and H2S in water.
This added catalytic functionality is much greater than that found in traditional activated carbons.
Catalytic carbon is an economical solution to treat H2S levels as high as 20 to 30 ppm.
Activated carbon converts adsorbed H2S into sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid which are water soluble, so carbon systems can be regenerated with water washing to restore H2S capacity for less frequent physical change-outs.

Activated carbon, sometimes called activated charcoal, is a unique adsorbent prized for its extremely porous structure that allows it to effectively capture and hold materials.
Widely used throughout a number of industries to remove undesirable components from liquids or gases, activated carbon can be applied to an unending number of applications that require the removal of contaminants or undesirable materials, from water and air purification, to soil remediation, and even gold recovery.



USES:

Activated carbon is used in methane and hydrogen storage, air purification, capacitive deionization, supercapacitive swing adsorption, solvent recovery, decaffeination, gold purification, metal extraction, water purification, medicine, sewage treatment, air filters in respirators, filters in compressed air, teeth whitening, production of hydrogen chloride, edible electronics, and many other applications.


-Industrial:

One major industrial application involves use of activated carbon in metal finishing for purification of electroplating solutions.
For example, Activated carbon is the main purification technique for removing organic impurities from bright nickel plating solutions.
A variety of organic chemicals are added to plating solutions for improving their deposit qualities and for enhancing properties like brightness, smoothness, ductility, etc.
Due to passage of direct current and electrolytic reactions of anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction, organic additives generate unwanted breakdown products in solution.
Their excessive build up can adversely affect plating quality and physical properties of deposited metal.
Activated carbon treatment removes such impurities and restores plating performance to the desired level.


Medical:

Activated carbon is used to treat poisonings and overdoses following oral ingestion.
Tablets or capsules of activated carbon are used in many countries as an over-the-counter drug to treat diarrhea, indigestion, and flatulence.
However, Activated carbon shows no effect on intestinal gas and diarrhea, and is, ordinarily, medically ineffective if poisoning resulted from ingestion of corrosive agents, boric acid, petroleum products, and is particularly ineffective against poisonings of strong acids or bases, cyanide, iron, lithium, arsenic, methanol, ethanol or ethylene glycol.
Activated carbon will not prevent these chemicals from being absorbed into the human body.
Activated carbon is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.


-Analytical chemistry:

Activated carbon, in 50% w/w combination with celite, is used as stationary phase in low-pressure chromatographic separation of carbohydrates using ethanol solutions (5–50%) as mobile phase in analytical or preparative protocols.

Activated carbon is useful for extracting the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban from blood plasma samples.
For this purpose it has been made into "minitablets", each containing 5 mg activated carbon for treating 1ml samples of DOAC.
Since this activated carbon has no effect on blood clotting factors, heparin or most other anticoagulants this allows a plasma sample to be analyzed for abnormalities otherwise affected by the DOACs.


-Environmental:

Activated carbon is usually used in water filtration systems.
In this illustration, the activated carbon is in the fourth level (counted from bottom).
Carbon adsorption has numerous applications in removing pollutants from air or water streams both in the field and in industrial processes such as:

-Spill cleanup
-Groundwater remediation
-Drinking water filtration
-Air purification
-Volatile organic compounds capture from painting, dry cleaning, gasoline dispensing operations, and other processes
-Volatile organic compounds recovery (solvent recovery systems, SRU) from flexible packaging, converting, coating, and other processes.

During early implementation of the 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act in the US, EPA officials developed a rule that proposed requiring drinking water treatment systems to use granular activated carbon.
Because of its high cost, the so-called GAC rule encountered strong opposition across the country from the water supply industry, including the largest water utilities in California.
Hence, the agency set aside the rule.
Activated carbon filtration is an effective water treatment method due to its multi-functional nature.
There are specific types of activated carbon filtration methods and equipment that are indicated – depending upon the contaminants involved.

Activated carbon is also used for the measurement of radon concentration in air.


-Agricultural:

Activated carbon is an allowed substance used by organic farmers in both livestock production and wine making.
In livestock production Activated carbon is used as a pesticide, animal feed additive, processing aid, nonagricultural ingredient and disinfectant.
In organic winemaking, activated carbon is allowed for use as a processing agent to adsorb brown color pigments from white grape concentrates.
Activated carbon is sometimes used as biochar.


-Distilled alcoholic beverage purification:

Activated carbon filters (AC filters) can be used to filter vodka and whiskey of organic impurities which can affect color, taste, and odor.
Passing an organically impure vodka through an activated carbon filter at the proper flow rate will result in vodka with an identical alcohol content and significantly increased organic purity, as judged by odor and taste.


-Fuel storage:

Research is being done testing various activated carbons' ability to store natural gas and hydrogen gas.
The porous material acts like a sponge for different types of gases.
The gas is attracted to the carbon material via Van der Waals forces.
Some carbons have been able to achieve bonding energies of 5–10 kJ per mol.
The gas may then be desorbed when subjected to higher temperatures and either combusted to do work or in the case of hydrogen gas extracted for use in a hydrogen fuel cell.

Gas storage in activated carbons is an appealing gas storage method because the gas can be stored in a low pressure, low mass, low volume environment that would be much more feasible than bulky on-board pressure tanks in vehicles.
The United States Department of Energy has specified certain goals to be achieved in the area of research and development of nano-porous carbon materials.
All of the goals are yet to be satisfied but numerous institutions, including the program, are continuing to conduct work in this field.


-Gas purification:

Filters with activated carbon are usually used in compressed air and gas purification to remove oil vapors, odor, and other hydrocarbons from the air.
The most common designs use a 1-stage or 2 stage filtration principle in which activated carbon is embedded inside the filter media.

Activated carbon filters are used to retain radioactive gases within the air vacuumed from a nuclear boiling water reactor turbine condenser.
Activated carbon beds adsorb these gases and retain them while they rapidly decay to non-radioactive solid species.
The solids are trapped in the charcoal particles, while the filtered air passes through.


-Chemical purification:

Activated carbon is commonly used on the laboratory scale to purify solutions of organic molecules containing unwanted colored organic impurities.

Filtration over activated carbon is used in large scale fine chemical and pharmaceutical processes for the same purpose.
Activated carbon is either mixed with the solution then filtered off or immobilized in a filter.


-Mercury scrubbing:

Activated carbon, often infused with sulfur or iodine, is widely used to trap mercury emissions from coal-fired power stations, medical incinerators, and from natural gas at the wellhead.
However, despite its effectiveness, activated carbon is expensive to use.
Since Activated carbon is often not recycled, the mercury-laden activated carbon presents a disposal dilemma.

If the activated carbon contains less than 260 ppm mercury, United States federal regulations allow it to be stabilized (for example, trapped in concrete) for landfilling.
However, waste containing greater than 260 ppm is considered to be in the high-mercury subcategory and is banned from landfilling.

Activated carbon is now accumulating in warehouses and in deep abandoned mines at an estimated rate of 100 tons per year.
The problem of disposal of mercury-laden activated carbon is not unique to the United States.
This mercury is largely recovered[citation needed] and the activated carbon is disposed of by complete burning, forming carbon dioxide (CO2).


-Food additive:

Activated carbon became a food trend in 2016, being used as an additive to impart a "slightly smoky" taste and a dark coloring to products including hotdogs, ice cream, pizza bases and bagels.
People taking medication, including birth control pills and antidepressants, are advised to avoid novelty foods or drinks that use activated charcoal coloring, as it can render the medication ineffective.


-Skin care:

The adsorbing aspects of activated charcoal have made it a popular additive in many skin care products.
Products such as Activated carbon Soaps and Activated Charcoal Face Masks and scrubs combine the use of the charcoal's adsorption ability along with the cleansing ability of soap.




USAGE AREAS:

-Drinking Water Treatment
-Waste Water Treatment
-Water Conditioning
-Chlorine Removal
-Air and Gas Purification
-Industrial Processes
-Pharmaceutical Industry
-Renewable Oils
-Automotive




APPLICATIONS:

-Water purification:

(carbon retains pesticides, greases, oils, detergents, disinfection by-products, toxins, color-producing compounds, compounds originating from the decomposition of algae and plants or from animal metabolism…).


-Deodorization and air purification:

For example: in cartridge respirators, air recirculation systems in public spaces, drain vents and water treatment plants, paint application booths, spaces that store or apply organic solvents.


-Treatment of people with acute intoxication:

Activated carbon is considered the “most universal antidote”, and is applied in emergency rooms and hospitals.



-Gold recovery:

Gold that cannot be separated from minerals by flotation processes is dissolved in sodium cyanide and adsorbed on activated carbon.



APPLICATION AREAS:

Different types of activated carbon are suited for various specialized applications.

-Granulated activated carbon
-Pelletized activated carbon
-Powdered activated carbon
-Impregnated activated carbon
-Catalytic activated carbon


-Activated carbon is used as a pigment in rubber tires, printing, shaping and drawing inks.
-Tire treads, belt covers and other wear-resistant rubber products; plastics as reinforcing agent, opacifier, electrical conductor, UV-light absorber; colorant for printing inks; carbon paper; typewriter ribbons; paint pigment; nucleating agent in air modifications; expanders on battery plates; It has many uses such as solar energy absorber.
-Used as car catalytic converters, vegetable oil/sugar/alcoholic beverage colorant, flue gas desulfurization agent, air purifier, dechlorinating agent (water treatment), adhesives and sealing chemicals.
-Activated carbon is used in copier/printer machine toner, corrosion inhibitors and anti-limescale agents, fuels and fuel additives, wire and cable insulation to provide an even distribution of electricity



BENEFITS:

-Removal of volatile organic compounds such as Benzene, TCE, and PCE.
-Hydrogen Sulfide (HS) and removal of waste gases
-Impregnated activated carbon used as a bacteria inhibitor in drinking water -filters
-Removal of taste and odor causing compounds such as MIB and geosmin
-Recovery of gold
-Removal of chlorine and chloramine


Designing a proper activated carbon filtration system with enough contact time, pressure drop, and vessel size is important.
Also, activated carbon’s physical and chemical characteristics play an important role in removing contaminants effectively.
Therefore, material testing is essential and ASTM test methods such as butane activity, surface area, density, and water content (moisture) can be carried out to find the best suitable material for your application.



FEATURES:

-Very high surface area characterized by a large proportion of micropores
-High hardness with low dust generation
-Excellent purity, with most products exhibiting no more than 3-5% ash content.
-Renewable and green raw material.



STRUCTURE OF ACTIVATED CARBON:

The structure of activated carbon has long been a subject of debate.
Activated carbon may have a structure related to that of the fullerenes, with pentagonal and heptagonal carbon rings.



PRODUCTION:

Activated carbon is carbon produced from carbonaceous source materials such as bamboo, coconut husk, willow peat, wood, coir, lignite, coal, and petroleum pitch.
Activated carbon can be produced (activated) by one of the following processes:


-Physical activation:

The source material is developed into activated carbon using hot gases.
Air is then introduced to burn out the gasses, creating a graded, screened and de-dusted form of activated carbon.
This is generally done by using one or more of the following processes:

Carbonization:

Material with carbon content is pyrolyzed at temperatures in the range 600–900 °C, usually in an inert atmosphere with gases such as argon or nitrogen


-Activation/oxidation:

Raw material or carbonized material is exposed to oxidizing atmospheres (oxygen or steam) at temperatures above 250 °C, usually in the temperature range of 600–1200 °C.
The activation is performed by heating the sample for 1 h in a muffle furnace at 450 °C in the presence of air.


-Chemical activation:

Activated carbon is impregnated with certain chemicals.
The chemical is typically an acid, strong base, or a salt (phosphoric acid 25%, potassium hydroxide 5%, sodium hydroxide 5%, potassium carbonate 5%, calcium chloride 25%, and zinc chloride 25%).
Activated carbon is then subjected to high temperatures (250–600 °C).
Activated carbon is believed that the temperature activates the carbon at this stage by forcing the material to open up and have more microscopic pores.
Chemical activation is preferred to physical activation owing to the lower temperatures, better quality consistency, and shorter time needed for activating the material.



CLASSIFICATION:

Activated carbons are complex products which are difficult to classify on the basis of their behaviour, surface characteristics and other fundamental criteria. However, some broad classification is made for general purposes based on their size, preparation methods, and industrial applications.


-Powdered activated carbon:

Normally, activated carbons (R 1) are made in particulate form as powders or fine granules less than 1.0 mm in size with an average diameter between 0.15 and 0.25 mm. Thus they present a large surface to volume ratio with a small diffusion distance.
Activated carbon (R 1) is defined as the activated carbon particles retained on a 50-mesh sieve (0.297 mm).
Activated carbon material is finer material.

Activated carbon is made up of crushed or ground carbon particles, 95–100% of which will pass through a designated mesh sieve.
The ASTM classifies particles passing through an 80-mesh sieve (0.177 mm) and smaller as PAC.
Activated carbon is not common to use PAC in a dedicated vessel, due to the high head loss that would occur.
Instead, Activated carbon is generally added directly to other process units, such as raw water intakes, rapid mix basins, clarifiers, and gravity filters.


-Granular activated carbon:

A micrograph of Activated carbon under scanning electron microscope
Activated carbon has a relatively larger particle size compared to powdered activated carbon and consequently, presents a smaller external surface. Diffusion of the adsorbate is thus an important factor.
Activated carbon is suitable for adsorption of gases and vapors, because gaseous substances diffuse rapidly.

Granulated carbons are used for air filtration and water treatment, as well as for general deodorization and separation of components in flow systems and in rapid mix basins.
Activated carbon can be obtained in either granular or extruded form.
Activated carbon is designated by sizes such as 8×20, 20×40, or 8×30 for liquid phase applications and 4×6, 4×8 or 4×10 for vapor phase applications.
The most popular aqueous-phase Activated carbon is the 12×40 and 8×30 sizes because they have a good balance of size, surface area, and head loss characteristics.


-Extruded activated carbon (EAC):

Extruded activated carbon (EAC) combines powdered activated carbon with a binder, which are fused together and extruded into a cylindrical shaped activated carbon block with diameters from 0.8 to 130 mm.
These are mainly used for gas phase applications because of their low pressure drop, high mechanical strength and low dust content.


-Bead activated carbon (BAC):

Bead activated carbon (BAC) is made from petroleum pitch and supplied in diameters from approximately 0.35 to 0.80 mm.
Similar to EAC, Activated carbon is also noted for its low pressure drop, high mechanical strength and low dust content, but with a smaller grain size.
Activated carbon's spherical shape makes it preferred for fluidized bed applications such as water filtration.


-Impregnated carbon:

Porous carbons containing several types of inorganic impregnate such as iodine and silver.
Cations such as aluminium, manganese, zinc, iron, lithium, and calcium have also been prepared for specific application in air pollution control especially in museums and galleries.
Due to its antimicrobial and antiseptic properties, silver loaded activated carbon is used as an adsorbent for purification of domestic water.

Drinking water can be obtained from natural water by treating the natural water with a mixture of activated carbon and aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3), a flocculating agent.
Impregnated carbons are also used for the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and thiols.
Adsorption rates for H2S as high as 50% by weight have been reported.


-Polymer coated carbon:

Woven activated carbon cloth
This is a process by which a porous carbon can be coated with a biocompatible polymer to give a smooth and permeable coat without blocking the pores.
The resulting carbon is useful for hemoperfusion.
Hemoperfusion is a treatment technique in which large volumes of the patient's blood are passed over an adsorbent substance in order to remove toxic substances from the blood.


-Woven carbon:

There is a technology of processing technical rayon fiber into activated carbon cloth for carbon filtering.
Adsorption capacity of activated cloth is greater than that of activated charcoal (BET theory) surface area: 500–1500 m2/g, pore volume: 0.3–0.8 cm3/g).
Thanks to the different forms of activated material, it can be used in a wide range of applications.



PROPERTIES:

A gram of activated carbon can have a surface area in excess of 500 m2 (5,400 sq ft), with 3,000 m2 (32,000 sq ft) being readily achievable.
Activated carbon has even higher surface areas, and are used in special applications.
Under an electron microscope, the high surface-area structures of activated carbon are revealed.
Individual particles are intensely convoluted and display various kinds of porosity; there may be many areas where flat surfaces of graphite-like material run parallel to each other, separated by only a few nanometers or so.

These micropores provide superb conditions for adsorption to occur, since adsorbing material can interact with many surfaces simultaneously.
Tests of adsorption behaviour are usually done with nitrogen gas at 77 K under high vacuum, but in everyday terms activated carbon is perfectly capable of producing the equivalent, by adsorption from its environment, liquid water from steam at 100 °C (212 °F) and a pressure of 1/10,000 of an atmosphere.
James Dewar, the scientist after whom the Dewar (vacuum flask) is named, spent much time studying activated carbon and published a paper regarding its adsorption capacity with regard to gases.

In this paper, he discovered that cooling the carbon to liquid nitrogen temperatures allowed it to adsorb significant quantities of numerous air gases, among others, that could then be recollected by simply allowing the carbon to warm again and that coconut based carbon was superior for the effect.
He uses oxygen as an example, wherein the activated carbon would typically adsorb the atmospheric concentration (21%) under standard conditions, but release over 80% oxygen if the carbon was first cooled to low temperatures.

Physically, activated carbon binds materials by van der Waals force or London dispersion force.
Activated carbon does not bind well to certain chemicals, including alcohols, diols, strong acids and bases, metals and most inorganics, such as lithium, sodium, iron, lead, arsenic, fluorine, and boric acid.
Activated carbon adsorbs iodine very well.
The iodine capacity, mg/g, (ASTM D28 Standard Method test) may be used as an indication of total surface area.

Carbon monoxide is not well adsorbed by activated carbon. This should be of particular concern to those using the material in filters for respirators, fume hoods or other gas control systems as the gas is undetectable to the human senses, toxic to metabolism and neurotoxic.
Substantial lists of the common industrial and agricultural gases adsorbed by activated carbon can be found online.
Activated carbon can be used as a substrate for the application of various chemicals to improve the adsorptive capacity for some inorganic (and problematic organic) compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), formaldehyde (HCOH), mercury (Hg) and radioactive iodine-131(131I).
This property is known as chemisorption.


-Iodine number:

Activated carbons preferentially adsorb small molecules.
Iodine number is the most fundamental parameter used to characterize activated carbon performance.
Activated carbon is a measure of activity level (higher number indicates higher degree of activation[40]) often reported in mg/g (typical range 500–1200 mg/g).
Activated carbon is a measure of the micropore content of the activated carbon (0 to 20 Å, or up to 2 nm) by adsorption of iodine from solution.
Activated carbon is equivalent to surface area of carbon between 900 and 1100 m2/g.

Activated carbon is the standard measure for liquid-phase applications.
Iodine number is defined as the milligrams of iodine adsorbed by one gram of carbon when the iodine concentration in the residual filtrate is at a concentration of 0.02 normal (i.e. 0.02N).
Basically, iodine number is a measure of the iodine adsorbed in the pores and, as such, is an indication of the pore volume available in the activated carbon of interest.
Typically, water-treatment Activated carbons have iodine numbers ranging from 600 to 1100.

Frequently, this parameter is used to determine the degree of exhaustion of a carbon in use.
However, this practice should be viewed with caution, as chemical interactions with the adsorbate may affect the iodine uptake, giving false results.
Thus, the use of iodine number as a measure of the degree of exhaustion of a carbon bed can only be recommended if it has been shown to be free of chemical interactions with adsorbates and if an experimental correlation between iodine number and the degree of exhaustion has been determined for the particular application.



-Molasses:

Some carbons are more adept at adsorbing large molecules.
Molasses number or molasses efficiency is a measure of the mesopore content of the activated carbon (greater than 20 Å, or larger than 2 nm) by adsorption of molasses from solution.
A high molasses number indicates a high adsorption of big molecules (range 95–600).
Caramel dp (decolorizing performance) is similar to molasses number.
Molasses efficiency is reported as a percentage (range 40%–185%) and parallels molasses number (600 = 185%, 425 = 85%).
The European molasses number (range 525–110) is inversely related to the North American molasses number.


-Tannin:

Tannins are a mixture of large and medium size molecules.
Carbons with a combination of macropores and mesopores adsorb tannins.
The ability of a carbon to adsorb tannins is reported in parts per million concentration (range 200 ppm–362 ppm).
Molasses Number is a measure of the degree of decolorization of a standard molasses solution that has been diluted and standardized against standardized activated carbon.
Due to the size of color bodies, the molasses number represents the potential pore volume available for larger adsorbing species.

As all of the pore volume may not be available for adsorption in a particular waste water application, and as some of the adsorbate may enter smaller pores, it is not a good measure of the worth of a particular activated carbon for a specific application.
Frequently, this parameter is useful in evaluating a series of active carbons for their rates of adsorption.
Given two active carbons with similar pore volumes for adsorption, the one having the higher molasses number will usually have larger feeder pores resulting in more efficient transfer of adsorbate into the adsorption space.



-Methylene blue:

Some Activated carbons have a mesopore (20 Å to 50 Å, or 2 to 5 nm) structure which adsorbs medium size molecules, such as the dye methylene blue.
Methylene blue adsorption is reported in g/100g (range 11–28 g/100g).


-Dechlorination:

Activated carbons are evaluated based on the dechlorination half-life length, which measures the chlorine-removal efficiency of activated carbon.
The dechlorination half-value length is the depth of carbon required to reduce the chlorine concentration by 50%.
A lower half-value length indicates superior performance.


-Apparent density:

The solid or skeletal density of activated carbons will typically range between 2000 and 2100 kg/m3 (125–130 lbs./cubic foot).
However, a large part of an activated carbon sample will consist of air space between particles, and the actual or apparent density will therefore be lower, typically 400 to 500 kg/m3 (25–31 lbs./cubic foot).

Higher density provides greater volume activity and normally indicates better-quality activated carbon.
ASTM D 2854 -09 (2014) is used to determine the apparent density of activated carbon.



MODIFICATION OF PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY:

Acid-base, oxidation-reduction and specific adsorption characteristics are strongly dependent on the composition of the surface functional groups.
The surface of conventional activated carbon is reactive, capable of oxidation by atmospheric oxygen and oxygen plasma steam, and also carbon dioxide and ozone.
Oxidation in the liquid phase is caused by a wide range of reagents (HNO3, H2O2, KMnO4).
Through the formation of a large number of basic and acidic groups on the surface of oxidized carbon to sorption and other properties can differ significantly from the unmodified forms.

Activated carbon can be nitrogenated by natural products or polymers or processing of carbon with nitrogenating reagents.
Activated carbon can interact with chlorine, bromine and fluorine.
Surface of activated carbon, like other carbon materials can be fluoralkylated by treatment with (per)fluoropolyether peroxide in a liquid phase, or with wide range of fluoroorganic substances by CVD-method.
Such materials combine high hydrophobicity and chemical stability with electrical and thermal conductivity and can be used as electrode material for super capacitors.

Sulfonic acid functional groups can be attached to activated carbon to give "starbons" which can be used to selectively catalyse the esterification of fatty acids. Formation of such activated carbons from halogenated precursors gives a more effective catalyst which is thought to be a result of remaining halogens improving stability.

Activated carbon is reported about synthesis of activated carbon with chemically grafted superacid sites –CF2SO3H.
Some of the chemical properties of activated carbon have been attributed to presence of the surface active carbon double bond.
The Polyani adsorption theory is a popular method for analyzing adsorption of various organic substances to their surface.



PHYSICAL FORM OF ACTIVATED CARBON:

Activated carbon can be produced in the form of powder, granules or cylindrical pellets.
Activated carbon is only applied in the purification of liquids; the carbon is dosed into a tank with agitation and then separated from the liquid by means of a filter suitable for retaining small particles (such as a filter press).

In the case of granular coal, it is produced in different particle size ranges, which are specified based on particle size or mesh number.
A 4 mesh, for example, is one that has four holes in each linear inch.
They are applied both in the purification of liquids and gases.

Pellets are used in gas treatment, since their cylindrical shape produces a lower pressure drop.
In the case that a granular coal or pellet is desired, if the raw material is not hard enough, Activated carbon can be reagglomerated with a binding agent that imparts hardness to prevent it from breaking when the fluid passes through.



ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF ACTIVATED CARBON:

The capacity of an activated carbon to retain a given substance is not only given by its surface area, but also by the proportion of pores whose size is adequate, i.e., a suitable little has a diameter of between one and five times the molecule to be adsorbed.
If this condition is met, the capacity can be between 20% and 50% of its own weight.



FORM OF ACTIVATED CARBON:

-Granular Activated Carbon (GAC):

irregular shaped particles with sizes ranging from 0.2 to 5 mm.
This type is used in both liquid and gas phase applications.


-Powder Activated Carbon (PAC):

pulverised carbon with a size predominantly less than 0.18mm (US Mesh 80).
These are mainly used in liquid phase applications and for flue gas treatment.


-Extruded Activated Carbon (EAC):

extruded and cylindrical shaped with diameters from 0.8 to 5 mm.
These are mainly used for gas phase applications because of their low pressure drop, high mechanical strength and low dust content.




HOW DOES IT WORK:

The atoms of carbon, comprising the large internal surface area of activated carbon, present attractive forces outward from the surface.
These forces, known as Van der Waals forces, attract the molecules of the surrounding gas or liquid.
The combination of these attractive forces and those of molecules in the surrounding medium result in the absorption of molecules at the surface of the activated carbon.
Some molecules have structures which make them more easily adsorbed than others and it is due to this that the separation of molecules is achieved.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 12.011 g/mol
-XLogP3-AA: 0.6
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
-Rotatable Bond Count: 0
-Exact Mass: 12 g/mol
-Monoisotopic Mass: 12 g/mol
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Ų
-Heavy Atom Count: 1
-Complexity: 0
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



SYNONYM:

05105_FLUKA
05110_FLUKA
05112_FLUKA
05113_FLUKA
05120_FLUKA
05123_FLUKA
101239-80-9
106907-70-4
109766-76-9
114680-00-1
115344-49-5
116788-82-0
12424-49-6
124760-06-1
12751-41-6
12768-98-8
12789-22-9
130960-03-1
131640-45-4
133136-50-2
1333-86-4
1343-03-9
137322-21-5
137906-62-8
138464-41-2
1399-57-1
147335-73-7
155660-93-8
156854-02-3
158271-80-8
159251-18-0
161551_SIAL
16291-96-6
16291-96-6 (Parent)
164973-65-3
179607-25-1
18002_RIEDEL
18002_SUPELCO
18006_RIEDEL
18008_RIEDEL
18008_SIAL
181719-82-4
182761-22-4
186708-92-9
186708-96-3
208519-32-8
208728-20-5
208728-21-6
214540-86-0
22874_FLUKA
22874_SIAL
242233_SIAL
242241_SIAL
242268_SIAL
242276_SIAL
26837-67-2
282863_ALDRICH
282863_SIAL
29204_FLUKA
29204_SIAL
29238_FLUKA
292591_SIAL
2P3VWU3H10
308068-56-6
326874-96-8
329428_SIAL
332461_ALDRICH
332461_SIAL
37196-29-5
37265-44-4
37265-48-8
37771_FLUKA
37771_SIAL
37996_FLUKA
37996_SIAL
390127_SIAL
39422-04-3
39434-34-9
39988_FLUKA
3B4-2186
429685-07-4
484164_ALDRICH
496537_ALDRICH
496545_ALDRICH
496553_ALDRICH
496561_ALDRICH
496588_ALDRICH
496596_ALDRICH
50814-81-8
51127_FLUKA
51127_SIAL
519308_ALDRICH
52623-24-2
53095-52-6
53663_FLUKA
53663_SIAL
53851-02-8
55353-42-9
55607-95-9
56257-79-5
56257-80-8
56274-59-0
566149-76-6
56729-25-0
56729-26-1
572497_ALDRICH
58517-29-6
58899_FLUKA
61512-59-2
633100_ALDRICH
636398_ALDRICH
63661-31-4
64365-11-3
64365-11-3 (activated)
64427-56-1
64900-31-8
65407-06-9
67167-41-3
675342_SIAL
681225-93-4
6C
72343_FLUKA
72343_SIAL
72536-89-1
72840-52-9
73560-38-0
7440-44-0
75026-75-4
76416-61-0
76632-92-3
7782-40-3
7782-42-5
798556-12-4
798556-14-6
79921-09-8
81180-26-9
82600-58-6
82696-74-0
82696-75-1
82701-02-8
82701-03-9
82701-04-0
82701-05-1
82701-06-2
82709-42-0
83138-28-7
83797-07-3
84739-05-9
857167-12-5
87934-03-0
89341_FLUKA
89341_SIAL
89440_ALDRICH
89440_FLUKA
90452-98-5
90597-58-3
93067_FLUKA
93067_SIAL
95681_FLUKA
95681_SIAL
96831_FLUKA
96831_SIAL
97708-44-6
97793-37-8
97876_FLUKA
97876_SIAL
AC1NUWBM
Acetylene black
Acticarbone
Actidose
Activated carbon
Activated charcoal
Activated Charcoal Norit
Activated Charcoal Norit(R)
Activated charcoal, iodinated
Adsorba
Adsorbit
Aerodag G
AG 1500
AG 3 (Adsorbent)
AG 5
AG 5 (Adsorbent)
AGN-PC-0LQUF1
AK (Adsorbent)
AKOS015914131
Amoco PX 21
Animal bone charcoal
Anthrasorb
Aqua nuchar
Aquadag
AR 3
Aroflow
Arogen
Arotone
Arovel
Arrow
ART 2
AS 1
AT 20
ATJ-S
ATJ-S graphite
Atlantic
AU 3
BAU
BG 6080
Black 140
Black Kosmos 33
Black lead
Black pearls
Bone charcoal
C
C.I. 77265
C.I. 77266
C.I. Pigment Black 10
C.I. Pigment Black 6
C.I. Pigment Black 7
C2194
C2764_SIAL
C2889_SIAL
C3014_SIAL
C3345_SIAL
C4386_SIAL
C5510_SIAL
C6289_SIAL
C9157_SIAL
Calcotone Black
Cancarb
Canesorb
Canlub
Carbo activatus
Carbo vegetabilis
Carbodis
Carbolac
Carbolac 1
Carbomet
Carbomix
Carbon
Carbon Activated
CARBON BLACK
Carbon Black BV and V
Carbon black, acetylene
Carbon black, channel
Carbon black, furnace
Carbon black, lamp
Carbon black, thermal
CARBON NANOTUBE
Carbon nanotube, single-walled
Carbon powder
Carbon, activate
Carbon, activated
Carbon, activated [UN1362] [Spontaneously combustible]
Carbon, amorphous
Carbon, colloidal
Carbon, Vitreous
Carbon-12
Carbone
carbonium
carbono
Carbopol Extra
Carbopol M
Carbopol Z 4
Carbopol Z Extra
Carbosieve
Carbosorbit R
Caswell No. 161
Cb 50
CCRIS 7235
CCRIS 8681
CCRIS 9467
Cecarbon
Ceylon Black Lead
CF 8
CF 8 (Carbon)
Channel black
Char, from refuse burner
Charbon
CHARCOAL
Charcoal bone
Charcoal activated
Charcoal activated Norit
Charcoal activated Norit(R)
Charcoal bone
Charcoal, activated
Charcoal, activated [USP]
Charcoal, except activated
Charcodote
CHEBI:27594
CI 77266
CI Pigment black 7
CK3
CLF II
CMB 200
CMB 50
Coke powder
Colgon BPL
Colgon PCB 12X30
Colgon PCB-D
Collocarb
Columbia carbon
Columbia LCK
Conductex
Conductex 900
Continex
Corax A
Corax P
CPB 5000
Croflex
Crolac
CUZ 3
CWN 2
D&C Black No. 2
D002244
D006108
Darco
DC 2
Degussa
Delussa Black FW
DIAMOND
Durex O
Eagle Germantown
EG 0
EINECS 215-609-9
EINECS 231-153-3
EINECS 231-953-2
EINECS 231-955-3
EINECS 264-846-4
Electrographite
ELF 78
Elftex
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 016001
Essex
Excelsior
EXP-F
Explosion Acetylene Black
Explosion Black
Farbruss
Fecto
Filtrasorb
Filtrasorb 200
Filtrasorb 400
Flamruss
Formocarbine
Fortafil 5Y
FT-0621888
FT-0623469
Fullerene soot
Furnace black
Furnal
Furnex
Furnex N 765
Gas Black
Gas-furnace black
Gastex
GK 2
GK 3
GP 60
GP 60S
GP 63
Grafoil
Grafoil GTA
graphene
Graphite
Graphite (all forms except graphite fibers)
Graphite (natural), dust
Graphite (synthetic)
GRAPHITE, NATURAL
Graphite, synthetic
Graphitic acid
Graphnol N 3M
Grosafe
GS 2
GY 70
H 451
Hitco HMG 50
HSDB 2017
HSDB 5037
HSDB 7713
HSDB 953
Huber
Humenegro
Hydrodarco
I14-114468
I14-45191
I14-52609
IG 11
Impingement Black
Impingement carbons
Irgalite 1104
Jado
K 257
Ketjenblack EC
Kohlenstoff
Korobon
Kosmink
Kosmobil
Kosmolak
Kosmos
Kosmotherm
Kosmovar
Lamp black
Lampblack
LS-51900
LS-59580
MA 100 (Carbon)
Magecol
Medicinal carbon
Metanex
MG 1
Micronex
Miike 20
Mineral carbon
Modulex
Mogul
Mogul L
Molacco
Monarch 1300
Monarch 700
MPG 6
Neo Spectra Beads AG
Neo-spectra II
Neo-Spectra Mark II
Neotex
Niteron 55
Norit
NORIT A, U.S.P.
Nuchar
Oil-furnace Black
OU-B
P 33 (carbon black)
P1250
P68
Papyex
Peach black
Pelikan C 11/1431a
Pelletex
Permablak 663
PG 50
Philblack
Philblack N 550
Philblack N 765
Philblack O
Pigment black 6
Pigment black 7
Plumbago
Plumbago (graphite)
Printex
Printex 60
Pyro-Carb 406
Raven
Raven 30
Raven 420
Raven 500
Raven 8000
Rebonex
Regal
Regal 300
Regal 330
Regal 400R
Regal 600
Regal 99
Regal SRF
Regent
RL04457
Rocol X 7119
Royal spectra
RTR-024045
S 1
S 1 (Graphite)
Schungite
Sevacarb
Seval
Shawinigan Acetylene Black
Shell carbon
Shungite
Silver graphite
Single wall carbon nanotube
SKG
SKLN 1
SKT
SKT (adsorbent)
Special Black 1V & V
Special schwarz
Spheron
Spheron 6
Statex
Statex N 550
Sterling MT
Sterling N 765
Sterling NS
Sterling SO 1
Stove Black
SU 2000
Suchar 681
Super-carbovar
Super-spectra
Superba
Supersorbon IV
Supersorbon S 1
SWCNT
Swedish Black Lead
Swine fly ash
SWNT
Therma-atomic Black
Thermal Acetylene Black
Thermal black
Thermatomic
Thermax
Thermblack
Tinolite
TM 30
Toka Black 4500
Toka Black 5500
Toka Black 8500
TR-024045
U 02
Ucar 38
Ultracarbon
UN1362
UNII-2P3VWU3H10
UNII-4QQN74LH4O
UNII-4XYU5U00C4
Vitreous Carbon
VVP 66-95
W8209
Watercarb
Whetlerite
Witcarb 940
XE 340
XF 4175L
GRAPHITE POWDER
Carbon, decolorizing
grafito
Carbo activates
Carbon activado
Activated Coal
Coconut Charcoal
Medicinal charcoal
Synthetic Graphite
Carbon (ACN
Graphite (natural)
COVALZIN
1034343-98-0
CHARCOAL POWDER
CHC (CHRIS Code)
Graphite; (Mineral carbon)
Carbon; (Graphite, synthetic)
NATPURE BLACK LC9083
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL (II)
AST-120 (MART.)
Carbon; (Graphite, synthetic)
Graphite inhalable dust respirable
DTXSID801019028
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL (MART.)
Graphite, natural - Respirable dust
NA1362
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL (USP MONOGRAPH)
CHARCOAL, ACTIVATED (EP MONOGRAPH)
CHARCOAL, ACTIVATED (USP IMPURITY)
C2150
C2151
C2152
C2154
C2155
C2156
C2157
C2158
C3133
G0500
G0501
G0502

Actylol is an environmentally benign solvent with effectiveness comparable to petroleum-based solvents.
Actylol is found naturally in small quantities in a wide variety of foods including wine, chicken, and various fruits.
Actylol, also known as lactic acid ethyl ester, is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CO2CH2CH3.

CAS Number: 687-47-8
EC Number: 202-598-0
Molecular Formula: C5H10O3
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 118.13

Synonyms: ETHYL LACTATE, 97-64-3, Ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, Solactol, Actylol, Acytol, Lactic acid, ethyl ester, Ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, Lactate d'ethyle, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid ethyl ester, Lactic Acid Ethyl Ester, Ethyl alpha-hydroxypropionate, FEMA No. 2440, Eusolvan, Ethyl lactate (natural), Ethylester kyseliny mlecne, Lactate d'ethyle [French], NSC 8850, HSDB 412, Ethylester kyseliny mlecne [Czech], 2-Hydroxypropionic Acid Ethyl Ester, EINECS 202-598-0, UN1192, Ethyl ester of lactic acid, BRN 1209448, UNII-F3P750VW8I, AI3-00395, F3P750VW8I, Ethyl .alpha.-hydroxypropionate, DTXSID6029127, CHEBI:78321, NSC-8850, 4-03-00-00643 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), ethyl d-lactate, Ethyl lactate,C5H10O3,97-64-3, EthylL-(-)-Lactate, ethyl-lactate, ethyl DL-lactate, DL-Ethyl Lactate, Milchsaureathylester, Nat. Ethyl Lactate, MFCD00065359, Ethyl racemic-lactate, lactic acid ethylester, (S)-(-)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid ethyl ester, PURASOLV ELS, VERTECBIO EL, Lactic acid-ethyl ester, ELT (CHRIS Code), Mono-Ethyl mono-lactate, ETHYL LACTATE [MI], (.+/-.)-Ethyl lactate, Ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate #, ETHYL LACTATE [FCC], SCHEMBL22598, ETHYL LACTATE [FHFI], ETHYL LACTATE [HSDB], ETHYL LACTATE [INCI], ETHYL LACTATE [MART.], DTXCID509127, WLN: QVY1 & O2, ETHYL LACTATE [WHO-DD], CHEMBL3186323, (+-)-Ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, (+-)-Ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, FEMA 2440, NSC8850, Tox21_200889, 2-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester, NA1192, Ethyl lactate, >=98%, FCC, FG, AKOS009157222, LS-2733, UN 1192, (+/-)-LACTIC ACID ETHYL ESTER, CAS-97-64-3, NCGC00248866-01, NCGC00258443-01, (+/-)-ETHYL 2-HYDROXYPROPIONATE, AS-13500, SY030456, A9137, Ethyl lactate [UN1192] [Flammable liquid], Ethyl lactate, natural, >=98%, FCC, FG, Ethyl lactate, SAJ first grade, >=97.5%, FT-0626259, FT-0627926, FT-0651151, L0003, Ethyl lactate [UN1192] [Flammable liquid], EN300-115258, A845735, Q415418, J-521263, 2-[(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]isoindoline-1,3-dione, (±)-Ethyl 2 hydroxypropanoate, (±)-Ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, (±)-Ethyl lactate, 2-Hydroxypropanoate d'éthyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid ethyl ester, 97-64-3 [RN], Ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate [ACD/IUPAC Name], Ethyl ester of lactic acid, Ethyl lactate [ACD/Index Name] [Wiki], Ethyl α-hydroxypropionate, Ethyl α-hydroxypropionate, Ethyl-2-hydroxypropanoat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], MFCD00065359 [MDL number], OD5075000, Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester [ACD/Index Name], QY1&VO2 [WLN], 2-hydroxypropionic acid ethyl ester, 4-03-00-00643 [Beilstein], Actylol, Acytol, DL-Ethyl Lactate, DL-Ethyllactate, DL-LACTIC ACID, ETHYL ESTER, Ethyl 2-hydroxy propanoate, Ethyl lactate,C5H10O3,97-64-3, Ethyl racemic-lactate, Ethylester kyseliny mlecne [Czech], ethyllactate, Ethyl-lactate, Eusolvan, Lactate d'ethyle [French], lactic acid ethyl ester, Lactic acid, ethyl ester, Lactic acid-ethyl ester, L-lactic acid ethyl ester, MFCD00077825 [MDL number], Milchs??ure??thylester, Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester (9CI), Solactol, UN 1192

Actylol is found naturally in small quantities in a wide variety of foods including wine, chicken, and various fruits.
The odor of Actylol when dilute is mild, buttery, creamy, with hints of fruit and coconut.

Actylol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.
Actylol is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.

Actylol, also known as lactic acid ethyl ester, is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CO2CH2CH3.
Actylol is the ethyl ester of lactic acid.

A colorless liquid, Actylol is a chiral ester.
Being naturally derived, Actylol is readily available as a single enantiomer.

Actylol is commonly used as a solvent.
Actylol is considered biodegradable and can be used as a water-rinsible degreaser.

Actylol is an environmentally benign solvent with effectiveness comparable to petroleum-based solvents.
The worldwide solvent market is about 30 million pounds per year, where Actylol can have an important share.

Actylol is considered a chemical commodity and has attracted much attention in recent years, since Actylol is formed by the esterification reaction of ethanol and lactic acid, which can be generated from biomass raw materials through fermentation.
In this work, an overview regarding the main properties and applications of Actylol, as well as Actylol synthesis and production processes, with a particular emphasis on reactive/separation processes, is presented.

Actylol, lactic acid ethyl ester or 2-hydroxypropanoic acid ethyl ester is the chemical compound of lactic acid with ethanol in the form of an ester.
Depending on Actylol synthesis, Actylol is available as racemate or pure substance.

If Actylol is split back into Actylol starting materials ethanol and lactic acid (e.g. by a chemical reaction), Actylol can be decomposed in nature.
Esterases, naturally occurring enzymes, can also carry out the split back into the original materials.

Lactic acid ethyl ester is therefore considered a "green solvent", as Actylol does not leave any toxic decomposition products in the ecosystem.
This provides an advantage over chlorinated solvents or glycols or glycol ethers, which have a higher biological toxicity.

Also known as lactic acid ethyl ester, is a monobasic ester formed from lactic acid and ethanol, commonly used as a solvent hence the name “lactic acid ethyl ester”.
Actylol is considered biodegradable and can be used as a water-risible degreaser.
Actylol is found naturally in small quantities in a wide variety of foods including wine, chicken, and various fruits.

Actylol is produced from biological sources and can be either the Levo (S) form or Dextro (R) form, depending on the organism that is the source of the lactic acid.
The most biologically sourced Actylol is ethyl (−)-L-lactate (ethyl (S)-lactate).

Actylol is also produced industrially from petrochemical stocks, and this Actylol consists of the racemic mixture of Levo and Dextro forms.
In some jurisdictions, the natural product is exempt from many restrictions placed upon the use and disposal of solvents.
Because both enantiomers are found in nature, and because Actylol is easily biodegradable, Actylol is considered to be a “green solvent.”

Uses of Actylol:
Actylol is used as a solvent substitute for glycol ethers in photolithography in the semiconductor manufacturing industry.
Actylol is used in some nail polish removers.

Actylol is used as a solvent for resins, dyes, and coatings; has FDA approval for use as a food flavoring agent
Actylol is the active ingredient in many anti-acne preparations.

Uses at industrial sites:
Actylol is used in the following products: semiconductors, photo-chemicals, polymers, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products and washing & cleaning products.
Actylol is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.

Actylol is used for the manufacture of: electrical, electronic and optical equipment and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Actylol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites.

Industry Uses:
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Solvent
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)

Consumer Uses:
Actylol is used in the following products: air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Actylol is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Actylol is used in the following products: polishes and waxes and washing & cleaning products.
Other release to the environment of Actylol is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Semiconductor Manufacturing
Painting (Solvents)
Plastic Composites Manufacturing

Applications of Actylol:
Actylol is an excellent ingredient for formulating printing inks, coatings, resin cleaners, paint strippers, graffiti removers, ink cleaners, etc.
Actylol alone and is an ideal wipe solvent.

Actylol can be used in industrial coatings applications, primarily in coil, extrusion, wood furniture and fixtures, containers and closures, automotive finishes and machinery.
Actylol is 100% biodegradable, easy and inexpensive to recycle.

Due to Actylol low toxicity, Actylol is a popular choice across many different production scenarios.
Actylol is also used as a solvent with various types of polymers.
In the presence of water, acids and bases the chemical will hydrolyse into ethanol and lactic acid.

Because both enantiomers are found in nature, and because Actylol is easily biodegradable, Actylol is considered to be a "green solvent."
Actylol and Actylol aqueous solutions are used as sustainable media for organic synthesis.

Due to Actylol relatively low toxicity, Actylol is used commonly in pharmaceutical preparations, food additives, and fragrances.
Actylol is also used as solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, and cellulose ethers.

Production of Actylol:
Actylol is produced from biological sources, and can be either the levo (S) form or dextro (R) form, depending on the organism that is the source of the lactic acid.
Most biologically sourced Actylol is ethyl (−)-L-lactate (ethyl (S)-lactate).
Actylol is also produced industrially from petrochemical stocks, and this Actylol consists of the racemic mixture of levo and dextro forms.

Methods of Manufacturing of Actylol:

Derivation: (a) By the esterification of lactic acid with ethanol; (b) by combining acetaldehyde with hydrogen cyanide to form acetaldehyde cyanohydrin, which is converted into Actylol by treating with ethanol and an inorganic acid.

d-Actylol is obtained from d-lactic acid by azeotropic distillation with ethyl alcohol or benzene in the presence of concentrated H2SO4.
The l-form is prepared in similar fashion starting from l-lactic acid.
The racemic product is prepared by boiling for 24 hours optically inactive lactic acid with ethyl alcohol in carbon tetrachloride, or with an excess of ethyl alcohol in the presence of chlorosulfonic acid, or in the presence of benzenesulfonic acid in benzene solution.

Handling and Storage of Actylol:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling Actylol must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Actylol without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Reactivity Profile of Actylol:

Actylol is an ester.
Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids.
Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products.

Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.

Fire Fighting of Actylol:
The majority of these products have a very low flash point.
Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto Actylol.
If Actylol can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Accidental Release Measures of Actylol:

Isolation and Evacuation:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL:
Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Cleanup Methods:
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.

Ensure adquate ventilation.
Remove all sources of ignition.

Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations.
Vopors can accumulate in low areas.

Disposal Methods of Actylol:
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Actylol approved use or return Actylol to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
Actylol's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
If Actylol is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Identifiers of Actylol:
CAS Number:
687-47-8 (L-isomer)
97-64-3 (racemate)
7699-00-5 (D-isomer)

ChemSpider: 13837423
ECHA InfoCard: 100.002.363
EC Number: 202-598-0
PubChem CID: 7344
RTECS number: OD5075000
UNII: F3P750VW8I
UN number: 1192
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID6029127
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-3-8-5(7)4(2)6/h4,6H,3H2,1-2H3
Key: LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C5H10O3/c1-3-8-5(7)4(2)6/h4,6H,3H2,1-2H3
Key: LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYAV
SMILES: CCOC(=O)C(C)O

Synonym(s): (S)-(-)-Actylol, L(-)-Lactic acid ethyl ester, (S)-(-)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid ethyl ester
Linear Formula: CH3CH(OH)COOC2H5
CAS Number: 687-47-8
Molecular Weight: 118.13
MDL number: MFCD00004518
EC Index Number: 211-694-1

CAS: 687-47-8
Molecular Formula: C5H10O3
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 118.13
MDL Number: MFCD00004518
InChI Key: LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-BYPYZUCNSA-N
PubChem CID: 92831
ChEBI: CHEBI:78322
IUPAC Name: ethyl (2S)-2-hydroxypropanoate
SMILES: CCOC(=O)C(C)O

Properties of Actylol:
Chemical formula: C5H10O3
Molar mass: 118.132 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 1.03 g/cm3
Melting point: −26 °C (−15 °F; 247 K)
Boiling point: 151 to 155 °C (304 to 311 °F; 424 to 428 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible
Solubility in ethanol
and most alcohols: Miscible
Chiral rotation ([α]D): −11.3°
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -72.6·10−6 cm3/mol

vapor pressure: 1.6 hPa ( 20 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99% (GC)
form: liquid
autoignition temp.: 400 °C
potency: >2000 mg/kg LD50, oral (Rat)
expl. lim.: 1.5-16.4 % (v/v)
pH: 4 (20 °C, 50 g/L in H2O)
kinematic viscosity: 2.7 cSt(25 °C)
bp: 154 °C/1013 hPa
mp: -25 °C
transition temp: flash point 53 °C
density: 1.03 g/cm3 at 20 °C
storage temp.: 2-30°C
InChI: 1S/C5H10O3/c1-3-8-5(7)4(2)6/h4,6H,3H2,1-2H3/t4-/m0/s1
InChI key: LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-BYPYZUCNSA-N

Molecular Weight: 118.13 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass:
118.062994177 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass:
118.062994177 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 79.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Actylol:
Acidity: 0.1% max. (as lactic acid)
Melting Point: -26.0°C
Density: 1.0340g/mL
Boiling Point: 154.0°C
Flash Point: 46°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 96% min. (GC)
Packaging: Glass bottle
Linear Formula: CH3CH(OH)CO2C2H5
Refractive Index: 1.4100 to 1.4160
Quantity: 250 mL
Beilstein: 03,264
Fieser: 17,135
Merck Index: 14,3817
Specific Gravity: 1.034
Specific Rotation Condition: − 10.00 (20.00°C neat)
Specific Rotation: − 10.00
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: soluble. Other solubilities: miscible with alcohols,ketones and esters
Formula Weight: 118.13
Percent Purity: 97%
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Ethyl L(-)-lactate

Structure of Actylol:
Dipole moment: 3.46 D

Related compounds of Actylol:
Lactic acid, MActylol

Related Products of Actylol:
Dimethyl Glutaconate (~10% Cis)
(E,E)-4,6-Dimethyl-2,4-heptadienoic Acid
3,6-Dimethyl-3-heptanol
1,1-Dimethoxybutane
(E)-6,6-Dimethyl-2-hept-1-en-4-yn-1-amine

Names of Actylol:

Regulatory process names:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid ethyl ester
Actylol
Acytol
Ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate
Ethyl alpha-hydroxypropionate
ethyl DL-lactate
Ethyl lactate
ETHYL LACTATE
Ethyl lactate
ethyl lactate
Ethyl lactate (natural)
ethyl lactate ethyl DL-lactate
ethyl lactate; ethyl DL-lactate
Ethylester kyseliny mlecne
Lactate d'ethyle
Lactic acid, ethyl ester
Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester
Solactol

Translated names:
DL-mleczan etylu (pl)
ester etylowy kwasu mlekowego (pl)
Ethyl DL-lactat (de)
ethyl-DL-laktát (cs)
ethyl-laktát (cs)
ethyl-laktát ethyl-DL-laktát (cs)
ethyllacta (da)
ethyllactaat (nl)
Ethyllactat (de)
Ethyllactat Ethyl DL-lactat (de)
etil DL-lactat (ro)
etil DL-laktat (sl)
etil lactat (ro)
etil lactat etil DL-lactat (ro)
etil laktat (sl)
etil laktat etil DL-laktat (sl)
etil-DL-laktat (hr)
etil-DL-laktatas (lt)
etil-DL-laktát (hu)
etil-DL-laktāts (lv)
etil-laktat (hr)
etil-laktát (hu)
etil-laktát etil-DL-laktát (hu)
etillaktatas (lt)
etillaktatas etil-DL-laktatas (lt)
etillaktāts (lv)
etyl-(RS)-laktát (sk)
etyl-laktát (sk)
etyllaktat (no)
etyllaktat (sv)
etyylilaktaatti (fi)
Etüül-DL-laktaat (et)
Etüüllaktaat (et)
lactate d'éthyle; DL-lactate d'éthyle; (fr)
lactato de etilo (es)
lactato de etilo (pt)
lattato di etile (it)
mleczan etylu (pl)
mleczan etylu DL-mleczan etylu ester etylowy kwasu mlekowego (pl)
γαλακτικό αιθυλο (el)
етил DL-лактат (bg)
етил лактат (bg)
етил лактат етил DL-лактат (bg)

IUPAC names:
2-ethoxypropanoic acid
ethyl (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoate
Ethyl (S)-2-hydroxypropanoate
ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoat
ETHYL 2-HYDROXYPROPANOATE
Ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate
ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate
Ethyl alpha hydroxypropionate
Ethyl DL Lactate
ethyl DL-lactate
ETHYL LACTATE
Ethyl Lactate
Ethyl lactate
ethyl lactate
ethyl lactate
ethyl lactate;
Ethyllactat
Ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate

Other names:
Ethyl lactate
Lactic acid ethyl ester
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid ethyl ester
Actylol
Acytol

Other identifiers:
2676-33-7
607-129-00-7
97-64-3

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-acrylic acid copolymer; Acrylic Acid-2-Acrylamido-2-MeJSylpropane Sulfonic Acid Copolymer (AA/AMPS); Acrylic Acid-2-Acrylic AMide-2-Methyl Propane Sulfonate-AMps CopolyMer; ACRYLIC ACID/ APSA COPOLYMER/HPA TERPOLYMER (AA/APSA/HPA); prop-2-enoic acid,2-(prop-2-enoylamino)butane-2-sulfonic acid; 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-acrylic acid; 2-(1-oxoprop-2-enylamino)-2-butanesulfonic acid; 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-acrylic acid copolymer; 2-Propenoic acid polymer with 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid CAS NO:40623-75-4

ACUMER 2000 ACUMER 2000 Scale Inhibitor and Dispersant CHEMISTRY AND MODE OF ACTION ACUMER 2000 copolymer combines two functional groups: strong acid (sulfonate) and weak acid (carboxylate) that provide optimal anti-scale/dispersant efficiency through the following different mechanisms: • Solubility enhancement by threshold effect, which reduces precipitation of low solubility inorganic salts. • Crystal modification, which deforms the growing inorganic salt crystal to give small, irregular, readily fractured crystals that do not adhere well to surfaces and can be easily removed during cleaning operations. • Dispersing activity, which prevents precipitated crystals or other inorganic particules from agglomerating and depositing on surfaces. The sulfonate groups increase the negative charge of the carboxylate groups adsorbed onto particles and, by then, reinforce the repulsion between the particles, preventing them from aggregating into larger particles which can settle and deposit on tube surfaces and low flow areas. STABILIZATION/DISPERSANCY PERFORMANCE ACUMER 2000 polymer is designed to provide superior stabilization of calcium phosphate. It also demonstrates excellent stabilization of zinc and calcium carbonate. In addition ACUMER 2000 is a strong dispersant in keeping the silt and commonly encountered inorganic particules suspended and in preventing their settling out onto heat transfer surfaces. APPLICATIONS • Stabilizer/Anti-scale deposition polymer for cooling water treatment Taking advantage of all its complementary properties and high performance as a stabilizer, antiscalent and dispersant, ACUMER 2000 is particularly recommended for the majorities of the cooling water treatment programmes : - Phosphate based programmes. - Zinc based programmes. - Advanced all organic programmes in which ACUMER 2000 helps corrosion inhibitors onto metal surfaces. ACUMER 2000 has a synergic effect with the other additives in preventing scale as well as corrosion. BENEFITS OF ACUMER 2000 - Exhibits excellent thermal and chemical stability and can be used and stored over a broad range of temperatures and pH's. This stability enables the formulator to manufacture one-package treatments at high pH for maximum shelf life. - Provides superior iron tolerance when most of the commercially available polymers are desactivated in the presence of soluble iron in the system. - Keeps surfaces clean for maximum heat transfer and corrosion resistance. ACUMER 2000 Scale Inhibitor and Dispersant TEST METHOD ACUMER 2000 may be analyzed at use concentration with the Hach polyacrylate test kit. This kit employs a patented method developed by Rohm and Haas. SAFE HANDLING INFORMATION • Caution: - Contact may cause eye irritation and slight skin irritation. • First aid measures - Contact with skin: wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing and launder before rewearing. - Contact with eyes: flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and then call a physician. - If swallowed: if victim is conscious, dilute the liquid by giving the victim water to drink and then call a physician. If the victim is unconscious, call a physician immediately. Never give an unconscious person anything to drink. • Toxicity: - Acute oral (LD50 ) rats: >5g/kg. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS Rohm and Haas company maintains Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) on all of its products. These contain important information that you may need to protect your employees and customers against any known health and safety hazards associated with our products. We recommend you obtain copies of MSDS for our products from your local Rohm and Haas technical representative or the Rohm and Haas company. In addition, we recommend you obtain copies of MSDS from your suppliers of other raw materials used with our products. Acumer 2000 Acumer 2000 is manufactured by DOW Chemical (Mid South Chemical is a “certified” repackager of Acumer™ products) Scale Inhibitor and Dispersant Copolymer stabilizer, scale inhibitor, and dispersant for cooling water treatment Description ACUMER 2000 is an excellent phosphate and zinc stabilizer and dispersant of inorganic particulates for anti-scale/anti-corrosion cooling water treatment formulations. Used in: Water treatment Cooling waters Reverse osmosis Industrial and potable Advantages Prevent the formation of deposits on heat transfer surfaces Prevent inorganic and sedimentation fouling Stabilizes corrosion inhibitors such as zinc, phosphates, and phosphonates NSF-60 certification for RO potable water Inhibits precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and iron salts Typical Properties These properties are typical but do not constitute specifications. Appearance Clear solution to slightly hazy Chemical Nature Carboxylate/Sulfonate copolymer Average Molecular Weight 4500 (Mw) Total Solids (%) 43 pH as is (at 25°C) 4 Bulk density (at 25°C) 1.21 Viscosity Brookfield (mPa.s/cps at 25°C) 400 Chemistry and Mode of Action ACUMER 2000 copolymer combines two functional groups: strong acid (sulfonate) and weak acid (carboxylate) that provide optimal anti-scale/dispersant efficiency through the following different mechanisms: Solubility enhancement by threshold effect, which reduces precipitation of low solubility inorganic salts. Crystal modification, which deforms the growing inorganic salt crystal to give small, irregular, readily fractured crystals that do not adhere well to surfaces and can be easily removed during cleaning operations. Dispersing activity, which prevents precipitated crystals or other inorganic particules from agglomerating and depositing on surfaces. The sulfonate groups increase the negative charge of the carboxylate groups adsorbed onto particles and, by then, reinforce the repulsion between the particles, preventing them from aggregating into larger particles which can settle and deposit on tube surfaces and low flow areas. Stabilization/Dispersancy Performance ACUMER 2000 polymer is designed to provide superior stabilization of calcium phosphate. It also demonstrates excellent stabilization of zinc and calcium carbonate. In addition ACUMER 2000 is a strong dispersant in keeping the silt and commonly encountered inorganic particules suspended and in preventing their settling out onto heat transfer surfaces. Applications Stabilizer/Anti-scale deposition polymer for cooling water treatment Taking advantage of all its complementary properties and high performance as a stabilizer, anti-scalent and dispersant, ACUMER 2000 is particularly recommended for the majorities of the cooling water treatment programs: -Phosphate based programs -Zinc based programs -Advanced All Organic programs in which ACUMER 2000 helps corrosion inhibitors, such as phosphonates, onto metal surfaces. Benefits of ACUMER 2000 Exhibits excellent thermal and chemical stability and can be used and stored over a broad range of temperatures and pH’s. This stability enables the formulator to manufacture one-package treatments at high pH for maximum shelf life. Exhibits exceptional stability in the presence of hypochlorite. Provides superior iron tolerance when most of the commercially available polymers are desactivated in the presence of soluble iron in the system. Keeps surfaces clean for maximum heat transfer and corrosion resistance. ACUMER 2000 Scale Inhibitor and Dispersant Typical Properties These properties are typical but do not constitute specifications. Appearance Clear solution to slightly hazy Chemical nature Carboxylate/Sulfonate copolymer Average molecular weight 4500 (Mw) Total solids (%) 43 pH as is (at 25°C) 4 Bulk density (at 25°C) 1.21 Brookfield Viscosity (mPa.s/cps at 25°C) 400 Chemistry and Mode of Action ACUMER 2000 copolymer combines two functional groups: strong acid (sulfonate) and weak acid (carboxylate) that provide optimal anti-scale/dispersant efficiency through the following different mechanisms: Solubility enhancement by threshold effect, which reduces precipitation of low solubility inorganic salts. Crystal modification, which deforms the growing inorganic salt crystal to give small, irregular, readilyfractured crystals that do not adhere well to surfaces and can be easily removed during cleaningoperations. Dispersing activity, which prevents precipitated crystals or other inorganic particules from agglomeratingand depositing on surfaces. The sulfonate groups increase the negative charge of the carboxylate groupsadsorbed onto particles and, by then, reinforce the repulsion between the particles, preventing them fromaggregating into larger particles which can settle and deposit on tube surfaces and low flow areas. Stabilization/Dispersancy Performance ACUMER 2000 polymer is designed to provide superior stabilization of calcium phosphate. It also demonstrates excellent stabilization of zinc and calcium carbonate. In addition ACUMER 2000 is a strong dispersant in keeping the silt and commonly encountered inorganic particules suspended and in preventing their settling out onto heat transfer surfaces. Applications Stabilizer/Anti-scale deposition polymer for cooling water treatment Taking advantage of all its complementary properties and high performance as a stabilizer, anti-scalent and dispersant, ACUMER 2000 is particularly recommended for the majorities of the cooling water treatment programs: Phosphate based programs. Zinc based programs. Advanced All Organic programs in which ACUMER 2000 helps corrosion inhibitors, such as phosphonates, onto metal surfaces. ACUMER 2000 has a synergic effect with the other additives in preventing scale as well as corrosion. Benefits of ACUMER 2000 Exhibits excellent thermal and chemical stability and can be used and stored over a broad range oftemperatures and pH's. This stability enables the formulator to manufacture one-package treatments athigh pH for maximum shelf life. Provides superior iron tolerance when most of the commercially available polymers are desactivated in the presence of soluble iron in the system. Keeps surfaces clean for maximum heat transfer and corrosion resistance. Test Method If a traceable polymer is required, OPTIDOSE 2000 offers identical performance to ACUMER 2000, with the ability to detect 0.5 ppm - 15 ppm without interferences. Material Safety Data Sheets Rohm and Haas Company maintains Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on all of its products. These contain important information that you may need to protect your employees and customers against any known health and safety hazards associated with our products. We recommend you obtain copies of MSDS for our products from your local Rohm and Haas technical representative or the Rohm and Haas Company. In addition, we recommend you obtain copies of MSDS from your suppliers of other raw materials used with our products. Acumer 2000 Copolymer stabilizer, dispersant, and scale inhibitor for cooling water treatment Description ACUMER 2000 is recommended for use in cooling water treatments. It is an excellent zinc and phosphate stabilizer and dispersant of inorganic particulates for anti-scale/anti-corrosion. Advantages of Acumer 2000 Stabilizes corrosion inhibitors such as zinc, phosphates, and phosphonates Prevents the formation of deposits on heat transfer surfaces Prevents inorganic and sedimentation fouling Inhibits precipitation of calcium, iron salts, and magnesium Used In Water treatment Cooling Towers Reverse osmosis Industrial and Potable ACUMER 2000 Scale Inhibitor and Dispersant CHEMISTRY AND MODE OF ACTION ACUMER 2000 copolymer combines two functional groups: strong acid (sulfonate) and weak acid (carboxylate) that provide optimal anti-scale/dispersant efficiency through the following different mechanisms: • Solubility enhancement by threshold effect, which reduces precipitation of low solubility inorganic salts. • Crystal modification, which deforms the growing inorganic salt crystal to give small, irregular, readily fractured crystals that do not adhere well to surfaces and can be easily removed during cleaning operations. • Dispersing activity, which prevents precipitated crystals or other inorganic particules from agglomerating and depositing on surfaces. The sulfonate groups increase the negative charge of the carboxylate groups adsorbed onto particles and, by then, reinforce the repulsion between the particles, preventing them from aggregating into larger particles which can settle and deposit on tube surfaces and low flow areas. STABILIZATION/DISPERSANCY PERFORMANCE ACUMER 2000 polymer is designed to provide superior stabilization of calcium phosphate. It also demonstrates excellent stabilization of zinc and calcium carbonate. In addition ACUMER 2000 is a strong dispersant in keeping the silt and commonly encountered inorganic particules suspended and in preventing their settling out onto heat transfer surfaces. APPLICATIONS • Stabilizer/Anti-scale deposition polymer for cooling water treatment Taking advantage of all its complementary properties and high performance as a stabilizer, antiscalent and dispersant, ACUMER 2000 is particularly recommended for the majorities of the cooling water treatment programmes : - Phosphate based programmes. - Zinc based programmes. - Advanced all organic programmes in which ACUMER 2000 helps corrosion inhibitors onto metal surfaces. ACUMER 2000 has a synergic effect with the other additives in preventing scale as well as corrosion. BENEFITS OF ACUMER 2000 - Exhibits excellent thermal and chemical stability and can be used and stored over a broad range of temperatures and pH's. This stability enables the formulator to manufacture one-package treatments at high pH for maximum shelf life. - Provides superior iron tolerance when most of the commercially available polymers are desactivated in the presence of soluble iron in the system. - Keeps surfaces clean for maximum heat transfer and corrosion resistance. ACUMER 2000 Scale Inhibitor and Dispersant TEST METHOD ACUMER 2000 may be analyzed at use concentration with the Hach polyacrylate test kit. This kit employs a patented method developed by Rohm and Haas. SAFE HANDLING INFORMATION • Caution: - Contact may cause eye irritation and slight skin irritation. • First aid measures - Contact with skin: wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Remove contaminated clothing and launder before rewearing. - Contact with eyes: flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and then call a physician. - If swallowed: if victim is conscious, dilute the liquid by giving the victim water to drink and then call a physician. If the victim is unconscious, call a physician immediately. Never give an unconscious person anything to drink. • Toxicity: - Acute oral (LD50 ) rats: >5g/kg. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS Rohm and Haas company maintains Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) on all of its products. These contain important information that you may need to protect your employees and customers against any known health and safety hazards associated with our products. We recommend you obtain copies of MSDS for our products from your local Rohm and Haas technical representative or the Rohm and Haas company. In addition, we recommend you obtain copies of MSDS from your suppliers of other raw materials used with our products. Acumer 2000 Acumer 2000 is manufactured by DOW Chemical (Mid South Chemical is a “certified” repackager of Acumer™ products) Scale Inhibitor and Dispersant Copolymer stabilizer, scale inhibitor, and dispersant for cooling water treatment Description ACUMER 2000 is an excellent phosphate and zinc stabilizer and dispersant of inorganic particulates for anti-scale/anti-corrosion cooling water treatment formulations. Used in: Water treatment Cooling waters Reverse osmosis Industrial and potable Advantages Prevent the formation of deposits on heat transfer surfaces Prevent inorganic and sedimentation fouling Stabilizes corrosion inhibitors such as zinc, phosphates, and phosphonates NSF-60 certification for RO potable water Inhibits precipitation of calcium, magnesium, and iron salts Typical Properties These properties are typical but do not constitute specifications. Appearance Clear solution to slightly hazy Chemical Nature Carboxylate/Sulfonate copolymer Average Molecular Weight 4500 (Mw) Total Solids (%) 43 pH as is (at 25°C) 4 Bulk density (at 25°C) 1.21 Viscosity Brookfield (mPa.s/cps at 25°C) 400 Chemistry and Mode of Action ACUMER 2000 copolymer combines two functional groups: strong acid (sulfonate) and weak acid (carboxylate) that provide optimal anti-scale/dispersant efficiency through the following different mechanisms: Solubility enhancement by threshold effect, which reduces precipitation of low solubility inorganic salts. Crystal modification, which deforms the growing inorganic salt crystal to give small, irregular, readily fractured crystals that do not adhere well to surfaces and can be easily removed during cleaning operations. Dispersing activity, which prevents precipitated crystals or other inorganic particules from agglomerating and depositing on surfaces. The sulfonate groups increase the negative charge of the carboxylate groups adsorbed onto particles and, by then, reinforce the repulsion between the particles, preventing them from aggregating into larger particles which can settle and deposit on tube surfaces and low flow areas. Stabilization/Dispersancy Performance ACUMER 2000 polymer is designed to provide superior stabilization of calcium phosphate. It also demonstrates excellent stabilization of zinc and calcium carbonate. In addition ACUMER 2000 is a strong dispersant in keeping the silt and commonly encountered inorganic particules suspended and in preventing their settling out onto heat transfer surfaces. Applications Stabilizer/Anti-scale deposition polymer for cooling water treatment Taking advantage of all its complementary properties and high performance as a stabilizer, anti-scalent and dispersant, ACUMER 2000 is particularly recommended for the majorities of the cooling water treatment programs: -Phosphate based programs -Zinc based programs -Advanced All Organic programs in which ACUMER 2000 helps corrosion inhibitors, such as phosphonates, onto metal surfaces. Benefits of ACUMER 2000 Exhibits excellent thermal and chemical stability and can be used and stored over a broad range of temperatures and pH’s. This stability enables the formulator to manufacture one-package treatments at high pH for maximum shelf life. Exhibits exceptional stability in the presence of hypochlorite. Provides superior iron tolerance when most of the commercially available polymers are desactivated in the presence of soluble iron in the system. Keeps surfaces clean for maximum heat transfer and corrosion resistance. ACUMER 2000 Scale Inhibitor and Dispersant Typical Properties These properties are typical but do not constitute specifications. Appearance Clear solution to slightly hazy Chemical nature Carboxylate/Sulfonate copolymer Average molecular weight 4500 (Mw) Total solids (%) 43 pH as is (at 25°C) 4 Bulk density (at 25°C) 1.21 Brookfield Viscosity (mPa.s/cps at 25°C) 400 Chemistry and Mode of Action ACUMER 2000 copolymer combines two functional groups: strong acid (sulfonate) and weak acid (carboxylate) that provide optimal anti-scale/dispersant efficiency through the following different mechanisms: Solubility enhancement by threshold effect, which reduces precipitation of low solubility inorganic salts. Crystal modification, which deforms the growing inorganic salt crystal to give small, irregular, readilyfractured crystals that do not adhere well to surfaces and can be easily removed during cleaningoperations. Dispersing activity, which prevents precipitated crystals or other inorganic particules from agglomeratingand depositing on surfaces. The sulfonate groups increase the negative charge of the carboxylate groupsadsorbed onto particles and, by then, reinforce the repulsion between the particles, preventing them fromaggregating into larger particles which can settle and deposit on tube surfaces and low flow areas. Stabilization/Dispersancy Performance ACUMER 2000 polymer is designed to provide superior stabilization of calcium phosphate. It also demonstrates excellent stabilization of zinc and calcium carbonate. In addition ACUMER 2000 is a strong dispersant in keeping the silt and commonly encountered inorganic particules suspended and in preventing their settling out onto heat transfer surfaces. Applications Stabilizer/Anti-scale deposition polymer for cooling water treatment Taking advantage of all its complementary properties and high performance as a stabilizer, anti-scalent and dispersant, ACUMER 2000 is particularly recommended for the majorities of the cooling water treatment programs: Phosphate based programs. Zinc based programs. Advanced All Organic programs in which ACUMER 2000 helps corrosion inhibitors, such as phosphonates, onto metal surfaces. ACUMER 2000 has a synergic effect with the other additives in preventing scale as well as corrosion. Benefits of ACUMER 2000 Exhibits excellent thermal and chemical stability and can be used and stored over a broad range oftemperatures and pH's. This stability enables the formulator to manufacture one-package treatments athigh pH for maximum shelf life. Provides superior iron tolerance when most of the commercially available polymers are desactivated in the presence of soluble iron in the system. Keeps surfaces clean for maximum heat transfer and corrosion resistance. Test Method If a traceable polymer is required, OPTIDOSE 2000 offers identical performance to ACUMER 2000, with the ability to detect 0.5 ppm - 15 ppm without interferences. Material Safety Data Sheets Rohm and Haas Company maintains Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on all of its products. These contain important information that you may need to protect your employees and customers against any known health and safety hazards associated with our products. We recommend you obtain copies of MSDS for our products from your local Rohm and Haas technical representative or the Rohm and Haas Company. In addition, we recommend you obtain copies of MSDS from your suppliers of other raw materials used with our products. Acumer 2000 Copolymer stabilizer, dispersant, and scale inhibitor for cooling water treatment Description ACUMER 2000 is recommended for use in cooling water treatments. It is an excellent zinc and phosphate stabilizer and dispersant of inorganic particulates for anti-scale/anti-corrosion. Advantages of Acumer 2000 Stabilizes corrosion inhibitors such as zinc, phosphates, and phosphonates Prevents the formation of deposits on heat transfer surfaces Prevents inorganic and sedimentation fouling Inhibits precipitation of calcium, iron salts, and magnesium Used In Water treatment Cooling Towers Reverse osmosis Industrial and Potable

ACUMER 3100 ACUMER 3100 Acumer 3100 is manufactured by DOW Chemical (Mid South Chemical is a “certified” repackager of Acumer 3100 products) Iron Oxide Dispersant Terpolymer stabilizer and dispersant for water treatment Description ACUMER 3100 is a superior phosphate and zinc stabilizer in stressed cooling water systems and an excellent iron and sludge dispersant in boilers. Used in Water Treatment Cooling Water Boilers industrial reverse osmosis membrane anti-scalant Advantages Use avoids potential fouling situations and maintains maximum heat transfer Excellent boiler sludge dispersant Exceptional iron scale inhibitor and iron oxide dispersant Stabilizes corrosion inhibitors such as zinc, phosphates, and phosphonates Typical Properties These properties are typical but do not constitute specifications. Appearance Clear solution to slightly hazy Chemical Nature Carboxylate/Sulfonate/Nonionic functional terpolymer Average Molecular Weight 4500 (Mw) Total Solids (%) 43.5 Active Solids (%) 39.5 pH as is (at 25°C) 2.5 Bulk density (at 25°C) 1.20 Viscosity Brookfield (mPa.s/cps at 25°C) 500 Neutralization 0.13g of NaOH (100%) per g of ACUMER 3100 Chemistry and Mode of Action ACUMER 3100 terpolymer contains three functional groups: strong acid (sulfonate), weak acid (carboxylate) and a nonionic that provide optimal dispersancy for most particules under a broad range of operating conditions: It’s carboxylate groups are most strongly attracted to particles surfaces, allowing strong dispersant absorption onto particles. It’s sulfonate groups are only weakly attracted to the particle surface and retain some residual negative charge to provide repulsion preventing particles from aggregating into larger particles which can settle and deposit on tube surfaces and low flow areas. It’s nonionic groups further enhance dispersancy by providing steric repulsion between particles. Dispersancy Performance It is an outstanding dispersant, far superior to other types of polymers especially for dispersing both dried and hydrated iron oxide, hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate. It is also an excellent stabilizer for corrosion inhibitors such as phosphate, phosphonates and zinc. Applications Dispersant and stabilizer for use in all cooling water programs It excels in the harshest of cooling water conditions, such as extremely high or low Ryznar Indexes, high iron concentrations, high levels of zinc or phosphate added as treatment to the system. ACUMER 3100 is particularly recommended in advanced all-organic programs. The product will maintain excellent heat transfer by its superior dispersancy and, in addition, will help corrosion inhibition by controlling film formation of the organic corrosion inhibitors onto metal surfaces. Control of boiler sludge ACUMER 3100 terpolymer is the product of choice for boiler water treatment formulations as it provides unsurpassed control of boiler sludge. The polymer makes it possible to easily transport iron with calcium and phosphate containing sludges for removal during blowdown. Superior iron oxide dispersant, ACUMER 3100 is particularly recommended to control hydrated iron oxide in condensate return line. Thermal/Hydrolytic Stability ACUMER 3100 terpolymer is highly resistant to breakdown in aqueous solution under conditions of high temperature, pressure and pH. As a safety measure ACUMER 3100 is not recommended for boilers operating at pressure greater than 900 psig. ACUMER 3100 is very resistant to hydrolysis as well. The product does not lose its performance capability after storage at pH 13.5 for 6 months at ambient temperature. Acumer 3100 Iron Oxide Dispersant Terpolymer Stabilizer and Dispersant for Water Treatment Description Acumer 3100 is an excellent phosphate and zinc stabilizer in stressed cooling water systems and a superior iron and sludge dispersant in boilers. Advantages of Acumer 3100 Use avoids potential fouling situations and maintains maximum heat transfer Excellent boiler sludge dispersant Exceptional iron scale inhibitor and iron oxide dispersant Stabilizes corrosion inhibitors such as zinc, phosphates, and phosphonates Used In Water Treatment Cooling Water Boilers Typical Properties of Acumer 3100 ACUMER 3100 Terpolymer The Anti-Scale Deposition for “Stressed” Cooling Water Conditions ACUMER 3100 is a carboxylate/sulfonate/nonionic functional terpolymer. It is a superior dispersant and stabilizer for use in all cooling water programs. When other polymers fail under “stressed” conditions, ACUMER 3100 will maintain excellent heat transfer and low corrosion rates in the system. “Stressed” conditions are found in cooling waters containing high levels of calcium, iron, phosphate, or zinc either, naturally occurring in the feedwater or introduced via treatment. These circulating waters may have either a very low or a very high Ryznar Index since ACUMER 3100 performs well in waters with either a scaling or corrosion problem. It is an excellent anti-scalant agent and, also, a stabilizer for corrosion inhibitors such as phosphate and zinc. ACUMER 3100 will disperse particulate matter containing calcium, iron, and kaolin and prevent their adhesion to heat transfer surfaces. This terpolymer also prevents the precipitation of phosphonates, and zinc in circulating water with high amounts of calcium, iron, or alkalinity, to allow controlled film formation of these corrosion inhibitors at the metal surface and, thus, maintain low corrosion rates. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The typical physical properties of ACUMER 3100 terpolymer are listed in Table 1. TABLE 1 TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMISTRY AND MECHANISM OF ACTION ACUMER 3100 terpolymer contains three functional groups: strong acid (sulfonate), weak acid (carboxylate), and a nonionic that provide optimal dispersancy for most particulates under a broad range of operating conditions. Among the three functionalities, ACUMER 3100 carboxylate groups are most strongly attracted to particle surfaces, allowing strong dispersant adsorption onto particles. ACUMER 3100 sulfonate groups are only weakly attracted to the particle surface and retain some residual negative charge to provide repulsion of similarly charged particles in the cooling water circuit. This repulsion prevents particles from aggregating into larger particles which can settle and deposit on tube surfaces and low flow areas. ACUMER 3100 nonionic groups further enhance dispersancy by providing steric repulsion between particles. This multi-functional action contrasts sharply to other dispersants, such as polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, having only carboxylate functionality which can become strongly attached to certain particles, leaving little residual negative charge available to provide dispersancy. Other polymers, such as SSMA can provide better dispersancy than PAA or PMAA on some particle substrates, but do not have the nonionic group which allows ACUMER 3100 terpolymer to function on a broader range of potential foulants. DISPERSANCY PERFORMANCE ACUMER 3100 terpolymer outperforms polymaleic acid and competitive polymers under cooling water conditions. FIGURE 1. IRON OXIDE DISPERSANCY COOLING WATER CONDITIONS, pH = 7.5 –3– STABILIZED PHOSPHATE PROGRAM Stabilizers control the deposition of phosphate to allow the formation of a very thin protective film on metal surfaces but prevent excessive deposits that reduce heat transfer efficiency. The graphs in Figures 2-4 show that ACUMER 3100 is also the best stabilizer for orthophosphate in high levels of calcium and iron. FIGURE 2. COOLING WATER — STABILIZED PHOSPHATE PROGRAM ALL-ORGANIC cooling water treatments rely on high pH (8-9) and high alkalinity (>200 ppm, as CaCO3) to help passivate metal surfaces. Organic phosphonate is used to inhibit CaCO3 precipitation and forms a cathodic corrosion-inhibiting film of calcium phosphonate. A “yellow-metal” inhibitor, such as tolyltriazole, is frequently included to inhibit brass or copper corrosion. Polymers, such as ACUMER 3100, are used to disperse particulates, inhibit CaCO3 precipitation, and stabilize calcium phosphonate. ACUMER 3100 stands out as the superior polymer for this program. Figure 5 shows results from phosphonate stabilization tests which demonstrate the superiority of ACUMER 3100. FIGURE 5. COOLING WATER — ALL-ORGANIC PROGRAM FORMULATION STABILITY Formulated products containing inorganic polyphosphates or triazoles are packaged at a high pH to maintain stability of the concentrated formulation. Unlike some competitive polymers, ACUMER 3100 terpolymer exhibited no loss of performance after six months of storage at a pH of 13.5. TEST METHODS ACUMER 3100 terpolymer may be analyzed at use concentration with the Hach polyacrylate test kit. This kit employs a patented method developed by Rohm and Haas Company. The kit was jointly developed by Rohm and Haas Company and the Hach Company. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS Rohm and Haas Company maintains Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on all of its products. These contain important information that you may need to protect your employees and customers against any known health and safety hazards associated with our products. We recommend you obtain copies of MSDS for our products from your local Rohm and Haas technical representative or the Rohm and Haas Company. In addition, we recommend you obtain copies of MSDS from your suppliers of other raw materials used with our product. Under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, workers must have access to and understand MSDS on all hazardous substances to which they are exposed. Thus, it is important that appropriate training and information be provided to all employees and that MSDS be available on any hazardous products in their workplace. Rohm and Haas Company sends MSDS on non-OSHA-hazardous as well as OSHA-hazardous products to both “bill-to” and “ship-to” locations of all our customers upon initial shipment (including samples) of all of our products. Updated MSDS are sent upon revision to all customers of record. In addition, MSDS are sent annually to all customers of record. PATENTS The use of ACUMER 3100 ACUMER 3100 Iron Oxide Dispersant Typical Properties These properties are typical but do not constitute specifications. Property Typical Values Appearance Clear solution to slightly hazy Chemical nature Carboxylate/Sulfonate/Nonionic functional terpolymer Average molecular weight 4500 (Mw) Total solids (%) 43.5 Active solids (%) 39.5 pH as is (at 25°C) 2.5 Bulk density (at 25°C) 1.20 Brookfield Viscosity (mPa.s/cps at 25°C) 200 Neutralization 0.13g of NaOH (100%) per g of ACUMER 3100 Chemistry and Mode of Action ACUMER 3100 terpolymer contains three functional groups: strong acid (sulfonate), weak acid (carboxylate) and a nonionic that provide optimal dispersancy for most particules under a broad range of operating conditions: • ACUMER 3100 carboxylate groups are most strongly attracted to particles surfaces, allowing strong dispersant absorption onto particles. • ACUMER 3100 sulfonate groups are only weakly attracted to the particle surface and retain some residual negative charge to provide repulsion preventing particles from aggregating into larger particles which can settle and deposit on tube surfaces and low flow areas. • ACUMER 3100 nonionic groups further enhance dispersancy by providing steric repulsion between particles. Dispersancy Performance ACUMER 3100 polymer is an exceptional dispersant, especially for dispersing both dried and hydrated iron oxide, hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate. It is also an excellent stabilizer for corrosion inhibitors such as phosphate, phosphonates and zinc. Page 2 of 3 ®TM Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow 713-00005-0712-EN ACUMER 3100 07/2012, Rev. 0 Suggested Applications • Dispersant and stabilizer that can be used in cooling water programs ACUMER 3100 terpolymer excels in harsh cooling water conditions, such as extremely high or low Ryznar Indexes, high iron concentrations, high levels of zinc or phosphate added as treatment to the system. ACUMER 3100 is particularly recommended in advanced all-organic programs. The product can maintain excellent heat transfer by its exceptional dispersancy and, in addition, will help corrosion inhibition by controlling film formation of the organic corrosion inhibitors onto metal surfaces. • Control of boiler sludge ACUMER 3100 terpolymer is the product of choice for boiler water treatment formulations as it provides unsurpassed control of boiler sludge. The polymer makes it possible to easily transport iron with calcium and phosphate containing sludges for removal during blowdown. Superior iron oxide dispersant, ACUMER 3100 is particularly recommended to control hydrated iron oxide in condensate return line. Thermal/Hydrolytic Stability ACUMER 3100 terpolymer is highly resistant to breakdown in aqueous solution under conditions of high temperature, pressure and pH. As a safety measure ACUMER 3100 is not recommended for boilers operating at pressure greater than 900 psig. ACUMER 3100 is very resistant to hydrolysis as well. The product does not lose its performance capability after storage at pH 13.5 for 6 months at ambient temperature. Approval ACUMER 3100 is TUV approved for use in boilers under the reference: 06-KG-66. ACUMER 3100 Acumer 3100 is manufactured by DOW Chemical (Mid South Chemical is a “certified” repackager of Acumer 3100 products) Iron Oxide Dispersant Terpolymer stabilizer and dispersant for water treatment Description ACUMER 3100 is a superior phosphate and zinc stabilizer in stressed cooling water systems and an excellent iron and sludge dispersant in boilers. Used in Water Treatment Cooling Water Boilers industrial reverse osmosis membrane anti-scalant Advantages Use avoids potential fouling situations and maintains maximum heat transfer Excellent boiler sludge dispersant Exceptional iron scale inhibitor and iron oxide dispersant Stabilizes corrosion inhibitors such as zinc, phosphates, and phosphonates Typical Properties These properties are typical but do not constitute specifications. Appearance Clear solution to slightly hazy Chemical Nature Carboxylate/Sulfonate/Nonionic functional terpolymer Average Molecular Weight 4500 (Mw) Total Solids (%) 43.5 Active Solids (%) 39.5 pH as is (at 25°C) 2.5 Bulk density (at 25°C) 1.20 Viscosity Brookfield (mPa.s/cps at 25°C) 500 Neutralization 0.13g of NaOH (100%) per g of ACUMER 3100 Chemistry and Mode of Action ACUMER 3100 terpolymer contains three functional groups: strong acid (sulfonate), weak acid (carboxylate) and a nonionic that provide optimal dispersancy for most particules under a broad range of operating conditions: It’s carboxylate groups are most strongly attracted to particles surfaces, allowing strong dispersant absorption onto particles. It’s sulfonate groups are only weakly attracted to the particle surface and retain some residual negative charge to provide repulsion preventing particles from aggregating into larger particles which can settle and deposit on tube surfaces and low flow areas. It’s nonionic groups further enhance dispersancy by providing steric repulsion between particles. Dispersancy Performance It is an outstanding dispersant, far superior to other types of polymers especially for dispersing both dried and hydrated iron oxide, hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate. It is also an excellent stabilizer for corrosion inhibitors such as phosphate, phosphonates and zinc. Applications Dispersant and stabilizer for use in all cooling water programs It excels in the harshest of cooling water conditions, such as extremely high or low Ryznar Indexes, high iron concentrations, high levels of zinc or phosphate added as treatment to the system. ACUMER 3100 is particularly recommended in advanced all-organic programs. The product will maintain excellent heat transfer by its superior dispersancy and, in addition, will help corrosion inhibition by controlling film formation of the organic corrosion inhibitors onto metal surfaces. Control of boiler sludge ACUMER 3100 terpolymer is the product of choice for boiler water treatment formulations as it provides unsurpassed control of boiler sludge. The polymer makes it possible to easily transport iron with calcium and phosphate containing sludges for removal during blowdown. Superior iron oxide dispersant, ACUMER 3100 is particularly recommended to control hydrated iron oxide in condensate return line. Thermal/Hydrolytic Stability ACUMER 3100 terpolymer is highly resistant to breakdown in aqueous solution under conditions of high temperature, pressure and pH. As a safety measure ACUMER 3100 is not recommended for boilers operating at pressure greater than 900 psig. ACUMER 3100 is very resistant to hydrolysis as well. The product does not lose its performance capability after storage at pH 13.5 for 6 months at ambient temperature. Acumer 3100 Iron Oxide Dispersant Terpolymer Stabilizer and Dispersant for Water Treatment Description Acumer 3100 is an excellent phosphate and zinc stabilizer in stressed cooling water systems and a superior iron and sludge dispersant in boilers. Advantages of Acumer 3100 Use avoids potential fouling situations and maintains maximum heat transfer Excellent boiler sludge dispersant Exceptional iron scale inhibitor and iron oxide dispersant Stabilizes corrosion inhibitors such as zinc, phosphates, and phosphonates Used In Water Treatment Cooling Water Boilers Typical Properties of Acumer 3100 ACUMER 3100 Terpolymer The Anti-Scale Deposition for “Stressed” Cooling Water Conditions ACUMER 3100 is a carboxylate/sulfonate/nonionic functional terpolymer. It is a superior dispersant and stabilizer for use in all cooling water programs. When other polymers fail under “stressed” conditions, ACUMER 3100 will maintain excellent heat transfer and low corrosion rates in the system. “Stressed” conditions are found in cooling waters containing high levels of calcium, iron, phosphate, or zinc either, naturally occurring in the feedwater or introduced via treatment. These circulating waters may have either a very low or a very high Ryznar Index since ACUMER 3100 performs well in waters with either a scaling or corrosion problem. It is an excellent anti-scalant agent and, also, a stabilizer for corrosion inhibitors such as phosphate and zinc. ACUMER 3100 will disperse particulate matter containing calcium, iron, and kaolin and prevent their adhesion to heat transfer surfaces. This terpolymer also prevents the precipitation of phosphonates, and zinc in circulating water with high amounts of calcium, iron, or alkalinity, to allow controlled film formation of these corrosion inhibitors at the metal surface and, thus, maintain low corrosion rates. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The typical physical properties of ACUMER 3100 terpolymer are listed in Table 1. TABLE 1 TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMISTRY AND MECHANISM OF ACTION ACUMER 3100 terpolymer contains three functional groups: strong acid (sulfonate), weak acid (carboxylate), and a nonionic that provide optimal dispersancy for most particulates under a broad range of operating conditions. Among the three functionalities, ACUMER 3100 carboxylate groups are most strongly attracted to particle surfaces, allowing strong dispersant adsorption onto particles. ACUMER 3100 sulfonate groups are only weakly attracted to the particle surface and retain some residual negative charge to provide repulsion of similarly charged particles in the cooling water circuit. This repulsion prevents particles from aggregating into larger particles which can settle and deposit on tube surfaces and low flow areas. ACUMER 3100 nonionic groups further enhance dispersancy by providing steric repulsion between particles. This multi-functional action contrasts sharply to other dispersants, such as polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, having only carboxylate functionality which can become strongly attached to certain particles, leaving little residual negative charge available to provide dispersancy. Other polymers, such as SSMA can provide better dispersancy than PAA or PMAA on some particle substrates, but do not have the nonionic group which allows ACUMER 3100 terpolymer to function on a broader range of potential foulants. DISPERSANCY PERFORMANCE ACUMER 3100 terpolymer outperforms polymaleic acid and competitive polymers under cooling water conditions. FIGURE 1. IRON OXIDE DISPERSANCY COOLING WATER CONDITIONS, pH = 7.5 –3– STABILIZED PHOSPHATE PROGRAM Stabilizers control the deposition of phosphate to allow the formation of a very thin protective film on metal surfaces but prevent excessive deposits that reduce heat transfer efficiency. The graphs in Figures 2-4 show that ACUMER 3100 is also the best stabilizer for orthophosphate in high levels of calcium and iron. FIGURE 2. COOLING WATER — STABILIZED PHOSPHATE PROGRAM ALL-ORGANIC cooling water treatments rely on high pH (8-9) and high alkalinity (>200 ppm, as CaCO3) to help passivate metal surfaces. Organic phosphonate is used to inhibit CaCO3 precipitation and forms a cathodic corrosion-inhibiting film of calcium phosphonate. A “yellow-metal” inhibitor, such as tolyltriazole, is frequently included to inhibit brass or copper corrosion. Polymers, such as ACUMER 3100, are used to disperse particulates, inhibit CaCO3 precipitation, and stabilize calcium phosphonate. ACUMER 3100 stands out as the superior polymer for this program. Figure 5 shows results from phosphonate stabilization tests which demonstrate the superiority of ACUMER 3100. FIGURE 5. COOLING WATER — ALL-ORGANIC PROGRAM FORMULATION STABILITY Formulated products containing inorganic polyphosphates or triazoles are packaged at a high pH to maintain stability of the concentrated formulation. Unlike some competitive polymers, ACUMER 3100 terpolymer exhibited no loss of performance after six months of storage at a pH of 13.5. TEST METHODS ACUMER 3100 terpolymer may be analyzed at use concentration with the Hach polyacrylate test kit. This kit employs a patented method developed by Rohm and Haas Company. The kit was jointly developed by Rohm and Haas Company and the Hach Company. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS Rohm and Haas Company maintains Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on all of its products. These contain important information that you may need to protect your employees and customers against any known health and safety hazards associated with our products. We recommend you obtain copies of MSDS for our products from your local Rohm and Haas technical representative or the Rohm and Haas Company. In addition, we recommend you obtain copies of MSDS from your suppliers of other raw materials used with our product. Under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, workers must have access to and understand MSDS on all hazardous substances to which they are exposed. Thus, it is important that appropriate training and information be provided to all employees and that MSDS be available on any hazardous products in their workplace. Rohm and Haas Company sends MSDS on non-OSHA-hazardous as well as OSHA-hazardous products to both “bill-to” and “ship-to” locations of all our customers upon initial shipment (including samples) of all of our products. Updated MSDS are sent upon revision to all customers of record. In addition, MSDS are sent annually to all customers of record. PATENTS The use of ACUMER 3100 ACUMER 3100 Iron Oxide Dispersant Typical Properties These properties are typical but do not constitute specifications. Property Typical Values Appearance Clear solution to slightly hazy Chemical nature Carboxylate/Sulfonate/Nonionic functional terpolymer Average molecular weight 4500 (Mw) Total solids (%) 43.5 Active solids (%) 39.5 pH as is (at 25°C) 2.5 Bulk density (at 25°C) 1.20 Brookfield Viscosity (mPa.s/cps at 25°C) 200 Neutralization 0.13g of NaOH (100%) per g of ACUMER 3100 Chemistry and Mode of Action ACUMER 3100 terpolymer contains three functional groups: strong acid (sulfonate), weak acid (carboxylate) and a nonionic that provide optimal dispersancy for most particules under a broad range of operating conditions: • ACUMER 3100 carboxylate groups are most strongly attracted to particles surfaces, allowing strong dispersant absorption onto particles. • ACUMER 3100 sulfonate groups are only weakly attracted to the particle surface and retain some residual negative charge to provide repulsion preventing particles from aggregating into larger particles which can settle and deposit on tube surfaces and low flow areas. • ACUMER 3100 nonionic groups further enhance dispersancy by providing steric repulsion between particles. Dispersancy Performance ACUMER 3100 polymer is an exceptional dispersant, especially for dispersing both dried and hydrated iron oxide, hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate. It is also an excellent stabilizer for corrosion inhibitors such as phosphate, phosphonates and zinc. Page 2 of 3 ®TM Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow 713-00005-0712-EN ACUMER 3100 07/2012, Rev. 0 Suggested Applications • Dispersant and stabilizer that can be used in cooling water programs ACUMER 3100 terpolymer excels in harsh cooling water conditions, such as extremely high or low Ryznar Indexes, high iron concentrations, high levels of zinc or phosphate added as treatment to the system. ACUMER 3100 is particularly recommended in advanced all-organic programs. The product can maintain excellent heat transfer by its exceptional dispersancy and, in addition, will help corrosion inhibition by controlling film formation of the organic corrosion inhibitors onto metal surfaces. • Control of boiler sludge ACUMER 3100 terpolymer is the product of choice for boiler water treatment formulations as it provides unsurpassed control of boiler sludge. The polymer makes it possible to easily transport iron with calcium and phosphate containing sludges for removal during blowdown. Superior iron oxide dispersant, ACUMER 3100 is particularly recommended to control hydrated iron oxide in condensate return line. Thermal/Hydrolytic Stability ACUMER 3100 terpolymer is highly resistant to breakdown in aqueous solution under conditions of high temperature, pressure and pH. As a safety measure ACUMER 3100 is not recommended for boilers operating at pressure greater than 900 psig. ACUMER 3100 is very resistant to hydrolysis as well. The product does not lose its performance capability after storage at pH 13.5 for 6 months at ambient temperature. Approval ACUMER 3100 is TUV approved for use in boilers under the reference: 06-KG-66.

ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) An excellent scale inhibitor and dispersant for silica and magnesium silicate. # NSF-60 for potable water. The ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) mobile phone app helps estimate a suitable dosage in the maintenance formulation for cooling circuits. Uses of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000): Industrial water treatment Benefits of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000): Excellent scale inhibition for a variety of applications including cooling circuits, boilers and RO units. Properties of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) These values are typical properties and are not intended for use in preparing specifications. Application of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Boilers, Cooling Water, Membranes of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Phosphorus Free Yes Potable Approval of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Yes Scale Control / Inhibition of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Calcium Carbonate, Calcium Phosphate / Phosphonate, Iron Oxide Dispersion, Silica / Silicate ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Multipolymer for Silica and Magnesium Silicate Scale Control Cooling water reuse is frequently limited by a ceiling on the amount of tolerable silica in the recirculation water. Normally, if silica levels exceed about 180 ppm SiO2, severe scaling can occur on heat transfer surfaces. Moreover, the scale that forms is frequently difficult or impossible to remove by conventional means. ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) silica control polymer has now raised that ceiling to at least 300 ppm SiO2, proven by exacting pilot studies and field trials, allowing for greater water reuse than ever before. ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer prevents silica-based scale formation by dispersing colloidal silica and by preventing magnesium silicate scale formation at the heat transfer surfaces. The unique features of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer in the treatment of silica limited cooling water are presented below PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) The typical physical properties of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer are listed in Table 1. TABLE 1 TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (these do not constitute specifications) of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Molecular Weight of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) 5000 Total Solids, % 44.5 to 45.5 Active Solids, % 42 pH 2.1 to 2.6 Brookfield Viscosity of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000), cp 700 max. Specific Gravity of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) 1.2 Bulk Density, lb/gal (g/cc) 10 (1.19) Lb (Kg) of 100% NaOH to neutralize 1 lb (kg) of polymer 0.131 FORMATION OF SILICA-BASED SCALE of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Silica forms particles with different structures depending upon the pH, presence of other ions and process by which the particles are formed. The three main forms of silica encountered in cooling water are: • Molybdate-reactive silica: frequently referred to as dissolved silica. • Colloidal silica: polymerized silica particles of 0.1 micron or less. • Silicate scale: primarily magnesium silicate, but may also be iron or calcium silicate. Colloidal silica, which forms when the solubility level of silica is exceeded, is difficult to measure under field conditions, and a total silica mass balance cannot be achieved with a simple field test. The most effective method of determining total silica is described in “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater”, 17th edition (Method 4500-SiC). A simpler method that converts other forms of silica to molybdate-reactive silica is described in Rohm and Haas Technical Bulletin FC-267, “ACUMER TST sm, Total Silica Test for High-Silica Waters”. As the colloidal silica passes into the Nernst diffusion layer at the heat transfer surface, it dissolves and acquires a negative (anionic) charge. Polyvalent cations, especially magnesium, tend to react with these anionic colloidal particles effectively “gluing” them together and ultimately forming a hard, glassy magnesium silicate scale. Figure 1 shows how colloidal silica can dissolve to form silicate in the high temperature/high pH environment near a corroding cathodic surface where dissolved oxygen is reduced to hydroxide ions. These freshly formed silicate anions, added to the dissolved silica already present, can then form magnesium silicate scale (MgSiO3). In addition, colloidal silica alone can coprecipitate with magnesium hydroxide to form a scale of magnesium silicate having non-stoichiometric ratios of magnesium to silicate. Mechanism for Controlling Silica ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) The remarkable properties of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer derive in large part from its three distinctive functionalities. The weak acid (carboxylate) group provides a means of attaching the polymer to metal ions in solution and to the surfaces of particles or crystals. This enables the polymer to act as a dispersant to prevent agglomeration and deposit formation as well as stabilizing contaminants. The strong acid (sulfonate) contributes to this process by increasing the solubility and charge density of the polymer which enhances electrostatic repulsion of particles. What sets ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer apart, however, is a unique third set of functionalities, based on balanced hydrophilicity and lipophilicity (hydrophobicity)1 . ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Where the other functionalities operate primarily through charge-transfer, this so-called HLB functionality promotes physical adsorption on the surfaces of contaminant particles especially at higher temperatures. By promoting adsorption, this third type of functionality also contributes to the strength of the energy barrier (or the net repulsive force) created by the polymer around the silica particle. ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer adsorbed on the colloid surfaces provides an energy barrier that prevents precipitation and agglomeration. Moreover, even if the silica particles precipitate, they are spaced too far apart for magnesium or redissolved silicate anions to bind them together. As a result, the scale formed by these particles will be powdery and, thus, easier to remove. For additional information on these mechanisms please request the following reprints: “Control of Iron and Silica with Polymeric Dispersants”, “Recent Experience in Controlling Silica and Magnesium Silicate Deposits with Polymeric Dispersants” 1The idea of enhancing adsorption by balancing hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties is borrowed from surfactant chemists who use the term HLB (hydrophile/ lipophile balance) to describe surfactant solubility and adsorption characteristics. ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer does not actually have surfacant-like properties, but it behaves in an analogous way. MAGNESIUM SILICATE SCALE ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) PREVENTION WITH ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) POLYMER ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Polymer Action in Recirculating Water Photomicrographs using cross-polarized lenses can be used to study crystal structures. Figure 3 shows the dispersed silica using ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer in the recirculating water versus agglomerated silica particles in Figure 2 without polymer. ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Polymer Action at Heat Transfer Surface ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) silica control polymer also prevents formation of magnesium silicate under the conditions found near a heat transfer surface, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. PERFORMANCE OF ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) POLYMER Accelerated Pilot Cooling Tower Tests of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) A series of 3-day pilot cooling tower (PCT) tests were run to compare the dispersing efficiency of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer with that of conventional products. The water chemistry and operating parameters of the PCT in these studies are shown in Tables 2 and 3. The treatment formulation used to evaluate polymer efficacy consisted of 2 ppm tolyltriazole (TTA), 10 ppm active polymer, and a 1/1 blend of 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) to give 5 ppm total active phosphonate. At start-up, the formulation was fed into the system at three times the normal strength to compensate for the high concentrations of silica, calcium and magnesium.In these accelerated tests, water passed over a series of four heat transfer rods in succession. Scale formed on all four rods, with each developing more scale than its immediate predecessor. This progressive deposition was caused by the water becoming hotter as it passed over the rods in succession. As the water temperature rose, the tendency for deposits to form increased. In repeat tests, the amount of scale fluctuated dramatically when the polymer was an ineffective scale inhibitor. ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer shows only a light dusting of scale (Figure 6), considerably better than the other polymers tested (Figures 7 and 8). Within the limits of experimental error, the scale compositions obtained with all tests were approximately the same, >80% magnesium silicate (Table 5). Long-Term Pilot Cooling Tests of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer was compared to the two polymers from the previous trials in longer tests; 1) to determine whether concentrating the water too rapidly gave an artificial negative effect, 2) to analyze scale that might form in the cooler parts of the PCT, and 3) to measure the impact of the polymer on corrosion. These products were evaluated in the same water under the same conditions employed in the accelerated PCT tests (Tables 2 and 3); only the cycling rate and start-up conditions were different. In the long-term trials, the water was started at 3 cycles of concentration (COC), using 2.5 times the normal treatment level, and then maintained at 5.5 COC (275 ppm SiO2) for four days to allow any silicate salts or silica to form, grow and precipitate. The water was then concentrated further to between 7.2 and 7.5 cycles of concentration over the next nine days of the test to reach a theoretical concentration of between 360 and 375 ppm SiO2 (50 ppm X 7.5). This quantity is approximately double the recommended maximum for cooling water. The results of these tests are given in Table 6. The results indicate that under the test conditions, ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) silica control polymer yields 10 times less silica-based scale than conventional polymaleic acid chemistry and 5 to 6 times less scale than the commercial silica control polymer. Moreover, the corrosion rate with ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer is much lower than with the two other polymers. The large difference in corrosion rates may be due to underdeposit corrosion occurring with the less effective polymers. FIELD PERFORMANCE of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) The benefits of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer have been substantiated by its performance in four field situations. In each instance, operators of the different facilities faced the problem of processing water that contained high silica levels and all overcame their difficulties by using ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer in their cooling water treatment program. Chiller System Achieves 80% Increase in COC Plus On-Line Cleaning System Two 250-ton cooling water units with a recirculation rate of 580 gpm were used Description: to cool a high school. The units were treated with a chromate program until 1990. In March of 1990, the chromate treatment was replaced with molybdate/ zinc/phosphonate to comply with regulations against chromate. Deposits were controlled using 7-8 ppm active ACUMER 2000 copolymer. The pH of the system was maintained at 7.5 - 8.5. Problem: Total hardness of the makeup water was typically about 140 ppm, with a Ca/Mg ratio of about 1/1. The makeup water typically had about 45 ppm SiO2, and the system could only achieve about 2.5 cycles of concentration using the molybdate/phosphonate/zinc copolymer treatment. The condenser was opened in 1991 and found to have light scale containing about 25% silica with most of the balance being iron oxide. Solution: In one of the chiller systems, the copolymer was replaced with an equal concentration of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer and blowdown was reduced; all other variables remained the same. The other chiller system was maintained with the program containing ACUMER 2000 copolymer. Results: The system treated with ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer achieved more than 4.5 cycles of concentration with no silica drop-out. Early in this trial, the chemical feed was stopped accidentally; a subsequent drop in recirculating water SiO2 levels suggests that some scaling probably occurred. When the chemical feed was re-established, SiO2 levels temporarily increased to higher than expected levels, which leads to the conclusion that the ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer had removed some of the scale. This also suggests that the dispersing action of the polymer, even when underfed, resulted in the formation of a powdery scale rather than the expected glassy magnesium silicate. The powdery nature of the scale would explain its apparent on-line removal. Data showed that over 200 ppm SiO2 had been attained in the recirculating water. Winery Increases Silica in Cooling Water Past Vintage Levels of 150 ppm SiO2 System A northern California vineyard operates two 560-ton evaporative condensers using Descripion: makeup water1 with high silica levels of 92 ppm SiO2. The cooling water system has a capacity of 18 gallons per minute with water temperatures ranging between 75°F (24°C) and 85°F (29°C). Problem: Initially, a stabilized phosphate program containing HEDP, phosphoric acid, tolyltriazole and an acrylate-type polymer was used. Scale formed on the evaporative condensers when silica levels exceeded 150 ppm SiO2 in the recirculating water. This deposit was found to contain high levels of silicon and magnesium. Results: Our customer replaced the existing polymer in his formulation with ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer. This formulation was dosed into the system to maintain 13 ppm residual orthophosphate and 10-15 ppm active ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer in the recirculating water. The recirculating water contains 400 ppm M-Alkalinity and had a pH between 8.5 and 8.7. The customer was able to increase cooling water cycles from 1.6 to 3 COC allowing up to 276 ppm SiO2 in the system. Thorough visual inspections, after 2 and 5 months, condenser tubes were free of scale. By switching to ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer, this customer was able to cut his chemical usage by almost half and save 4 million gallons of water per year. 1 Make-up water analysis: pH 7.8, 138 ppm T-Alkalinity, 92 ppm SiO2, 35 ppm Ca as CaCO3, 11 ppm Mg, 7.4 ppm SO4, 18 ppm Cl, <0.1 ppm Fe, <0.3 ppm Mn, 270 ppm TDS. Cooling System Doubles COC in San Joaquin Valley, California System Two evaporative condenser towers rated at 500 tons were used to cool a large computer Description: computer facility. One tower was always kept as a backup to ensure continuous operation. The evaporative condensers consist of rows of tubes on the inside of the tower. The tower water cascades downward to directly contact the condenser tubes leaving a scale deposit if the water significantly exceeds the normal operating levels of about 180 ppm SiO2 and about 480 ppm (maximum) M-alkalinity. The original treatment used HEDP, benzotriazole and polymaleic acid with a supplemental feed of polyacrylic acid. Problem: The makeup water typically had 90-110 ppm SiO2, allowing only about 2 cycles of concentration. Due to severe drought conditions in this area for the previous 5 years, water was not readily available and had to be reused to the maximum extent possible. Solution: In 1991, the polymaleic acid and polyacrylic acid scale inhibitors used in the old treatment were replaced with an equal weight of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer. The treatment was fed to maintain the same levels as before, but the bleedoff was reduced. Results: With ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer, the system maintained up to about 4 cycles of concentration without scale or corrosion. Recirculation water has up to 300 ppm total silica and about 650 ppm M-alkalinity (maximum). Benefits of the reduction in bleedoff include: • A calculated 30% reduction in water usage under typical conditions. • A calculated 30% reduction in chemical usage. • An increase in holding time which allows the biocide to work more effectively (since the makeup water has a high organism count). Scale Problem Eliminated at Ice-Making Plant System An ice-making plant with a refrigeration capacity of 270 tons had a history of Description: scale problems, especially on the condenser coils. Silica levels in the makeup water were 46 ppm SiO2. System temperature ranged between 83°F (28°C) and 91°F (33°C). Problem: The water was treated with an all-organic program which left heavy deposits of silica. A thorough cleaning with ammonium bifluoride and hydrochloric acid was performed in the summer of 1992 to remove the heavy deposits. Between August and November of 1992, the COC were maintained at low levels (less than 2) to prevent silica scale. Under these conditions, CaCO3 still formed on the condenser coils, with head pressure on the condenser side measuring approximately 230 psi. Solution: ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer was added to the system to maintain 15 ppm active polymer in the recirculationg water, and COC were gradually increased to 6 to 9. Results: By February of 1993, head pressure had dropped to the lowest level, 215 psi, indicating no scale. Theoretical silica levels approached 400 ppm SiO2. Ten months after changing the formulation to one containing ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer, the plant continued to operate without problems. OTHER APPLICATIONS of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Boilers of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) The superior hydrothermal stability of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer enables its use for controlling magnesium silicate scale in boilers operating up to about 600 psig (42 kg/cm2). Above 600 psig, it is recommended that the silica be removed from the feedwater by external treatment such as ion exchange. Reverse Osmosis The ability of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) polymer to disperse colloidal silica as well as other particulates makes it suitable in formulations for fouling prevention in RO membranes used to treat high-silica water. Water Analysis of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000): Cycles of (at steady state) Makeup Recirculating Concentration pH 7.8-8.1 8.9-9.0 — Conductivity, µmho 330-360 1000-1030 2.9 M-Alkalinity, as CaCO3 154-180 536-540 3.2 Ca, as CaCO3 60-80 236-264 3.6 Mg, as CaCO3 56-80 260-268 3.9 Silica, as SiO2 60-70 265-300 4.2 TOXICITY of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Toxicity data on ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) silica control polymer are presented in Table 7. SAFE HANDLING INFORMATION ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Caution: For Industrial Use Only! Keep Out of Reach of Children! Wear chemical splash goggles and impervious gloves when handling. An approved respirator, suitable for the concentrations encountered, should be worn. FIRST AID INFORMATION of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Skin Contact Wash affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water. Consult a physician if irritation persists. Eye Contact Flush eye immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Consult a physician if irritation persists. Inhalation Move victim to fresh air. Ingestion If victim is conscious, dilute product by giving 2 glasses of water to drink and then call a physician. If victim is unconscious, call a physician immediately. Never give an unconscious person anything to drink. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Rohm and Haas Company maintains Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on all of its products. These contain important information that you may need to protect your employees and customers against any known health and safety hazards associated with our products. We recommend you obtain copies of MSDS for our products from your local Rohm and Haas technical representative or the Rohm and Haas Company. In addition, we recommend you obtain copies of MSDS from your suppliers of other raw materials used with our product. Under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, workers must have access to and understand MSDS on all hazardous substances to which they are exposed. Thus, it is important that appropriate training and information be provided to all employees and that MSDS be available on any hazardous products in their workplace. ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Silica and Magnesium Silicate Scale Inhibitor Description of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Rohm and Haas ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) is a superior scale inhibitor and dispersant for silica and magnesium silicate in recirculating cooling circuits and boilers. Used of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) in Water Treatment ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Cooling waters ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Boilers ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Industrial reverse osmosis ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Pools and fountains ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Advantages of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Prevent the formation of deposits on heat transfer surfaces Prevent inorganic and sedimentation fouling Effectively inhibits magnesium silicate Excellent silica dispersant Outstanding iron, phosphate scale inhibitor Stabilizes corrosion inhibitors Boiler sludge dispersant Typical Properties These properties are typical but do not constitute specifications. Appearance Dark yellow to brown clear solution* Average Molecular weight 5,000 (Mw) % Total Solids 45 % Active Solids 42 pH as is (at 25°C) 2.May Bulk density (at 25°C) 1.Şub Viscosity Brookfield (mPa.s/cps at 25°C) 400 Neutralization 0.13g of NaOH (100%) per g of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) *A slight haze may appear; this does not affect the intrinsic properties of the product or its performance. Chemistry and Mode of Action ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) is a proprietary multifunctional polymer with a molecular weight of 5000 that provides outstanding silica and magnesium silicate scale inhibition. ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) prevents silica-based scale formation by dispersing colloidal silica and by preventing magnesium silicate scale formation at heat transfer surfaces. Performance of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Control of silica-based scale is a complex problem due to the many forms of silica species that exist: Molybdate-reactive silica: frequently referred to as dissolved silica. Colloidal silica: polymerized silica particles of 0.1 microns or less. Silica scale: primarily magnesium silicate, but may also be iron or calcium silicate. Colloidal silica can dissolve to form silicate in the high temperature/high pH environment near a corroding cathodic surface where dissolved oxygen is reduced to hydroxide ions. These freshly formed silicate anions, added to the dissolved silica already present, can then form magnesium silicate scale (MgSiO3). In addition, colloidal silica alone can co-precipitate with magnesium hydroxide to form a scale of magnesium silicate having non-stoichiometric ratios of magnesium to silica. Normally, if silica levels exceed about 180 ppm SiO2 in the recirculation water of a cooling circuit, severe scaling can occur on heat transfer surfaces. Moreover, the scale that forms is frequently difficult or impossible to remove by conventional means. ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) has been evaluated under field conditions, allowing up to 300 ppm silica in the recirculating water without scale. Case histories are available upon request from your local technical representative. Applications of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Recirculating cooling circuits ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) offers unique features for the treatment of silica-limited cooling waters, allowing up to at least 300 ppm silica in the recirculating water without scale or corrosion problems Boilers ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) The superior hydrothermal stability of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) enables its use for controlling magnesium silicate scale in boilers operating up to about 900 psig, although silica may carry over in steam at > 600 psig. Benefits of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Keeps surfaces clean for maximum heat transfer and enhances the performance of organic corrosion inhibitors. Has excellent thermal and chemical stability. Can be formulated at any pH without degradation. Exhibits a very good stability in the presence of hypochlorite. Contains no phosphorus, making its use acceptable where legislation requires that discharge waters contain low or no phosphorus. Chemistry and Mode of Action ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) is a proprietary multifunctional polymer with a molecular weight of 5000 that provides exceptional silica and magnesium silicate scale inhibition. ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) helps prevent silica-based scale formation by dispersing colloidal silica and by minimizing magnesium silicate scale formation at heat transfer surfaces. Performance Control of silica-based scale is a complex problem due to the many forms of silica species that exist: • Molybdate-reactive silica: frequently referred to as dissolved silica. • Colloidal silica: polymerized silica particles of 0.1 microns or less. • Silica scale: primarily magnesium silicate, but may also be iron or calcium silicate. Colloidal silica can dissolve to form silicate in the high temperature/high pH environment near a corroding cathodic surface where dissolved oxygen is reduced to hydroxide ions. These freshly formed silicate anions, added to the dissolved silica already present, can then form magnesium silicate scale (MgSiO3). In addition, colloidal silica alone can co-precipitate with magnesium hydroxide to form a scale of magnesium silicate having non-stoichiometric ratios of magnesium to silica. Normally, if silica levels exceed about 180 ppm SiO2 in the recirculation water of a cooling circuit, severe scaling can occur on heat transfer surfaces. Moreover, the scale that forms is frequently difficult or impossible to remove by conventional means. ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) has been evaluated under field conditions, allowing up to 300 ppm silica in the recirculating water without scale. Case histories are available upon request from your local technical representative. ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Silica and Magnesium Silicate Scale Inhibitor / Dow Coating Materials Applications of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) • Recirculating cooling circuits ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) offers distinct features for the treatment of silica-limited cooling waters, allowing up to at least 300 ppm silica in the recirculating water without scale or corrosion problems. • Boilers The excellent hydrothermal stability of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) makes it an ideal choice for use in controlling magnesium silicate scale in boilers operating up to about 900 psig, although silica may carry over in steam at >600 psig. Benefits of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) • Helps keep surfaces clean for maximum heat transfer and enhances the performance of organic corrosion inhibitors. • Has excellent thermal and chemical stability. • Can be formulated at any pH without degradation. • Exhibits a very good stability in the presence of hypochlorite. • Contains no phosphorus, making its use acceptable where legislation requires that discharge waters contain low or no phosphorus. Description of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) is a superior scale inhibitor and dispersant for silica and magnesium silicate in recirculating cooling circuits and boilers. Advantages of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Effectively inhibits magnesium silicate Excellent silica dispersant Outstanding iron, phosphate scale inhibitor Stabilizes corrosion inhibitors Boiler sludge dispersant Prevents the formation of deposits on heat transfer surfaces Prevents inorganic and sedimentation fouling Properties of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000): IR-5000 carboxylate-sulfonate copolymer (similar to ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000)) is a superior scale inhibitor and dispersant. It has good inhibition for silica and magnesium silicate when used in recirculation cooling circuits and boilers. It is a superior phosphate scale inhibitor for dry or hydrated ferric oxide. Acting as a rust inhibitor, IR-5000 can also be used in systems like Industrial RO, pools, and fountains, etc. (Similar to ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000)) Synthetic magnesium silicates (ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000)) are white, odorless, finely divided powders formed by the precipitation reaction of water-soluble sodium silicate (water glass) and a water-soluble magnesium salt such as magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate or magnesium sulfate. The composition of the precipitate depends on the ratio of the components in the reaction medium, the addition of the correcting substances, and the way in which they are precipitated.[1][2][3] The molecular formula is typically written as MgO:XSiO2, where X denotes the average mole ratio of SiO2 to MgO. The product is hydrated and the formula is sometimes written MgO:XSiO2•H2O to show the water of hydration. Properties of ACUMER 5000 (akumer 5000) (akümer 5000) Unlike natural magnesium silicates like talc and forsterite olivine which are crystalline, synthetic magnesium silicates are amorphous.[1] Synthetic magnesium silicates are insoluble in water or alcohol.[4] The particles are usually porous, and the BET surface area can range from less than 100 m2/g to several hundred m2/g.

DESCRIPTION:
When neutralized to a pH above 7 by adding alkalis, ACUSOL 820 polymer thickens instantly.
The instantaneous effect on viscosity and easy incorporation of ACUSOL 820 polymer into alkaline cleaner formulations offer savings in valuable production time that cannot be matched by carbomer or cellulosic thickeners, requiring predissolution and elimination of lumps.
ACUSOL 820 can also thicken solutions containing high levels of surfactants at low pH.

CAS NUMBER: 75760-37-1
TRADE NAME: Acusol 820
GENERIC NAME: Hydrophobically modified Alkali Soluble acrylic polymer Emulsion (HASE)

ACUSOL 820 has High aqueous thickening and stabilizing for cleaning formulations
From glass cleaners to liquid laundry detergents to oven cleaners, ACUSOL 820 Rheology Modifier/Stabilizer is very cost-effective and provides unusually high aqueous thickening and stabilizing properties.
When neutralized to a pH above 7, ACUSOL 820 Rheology Modifier/Stabilizer allows viscosity build of various formulations, offering savings in production time that cannot be matched by carbomer or cellulosic thickeners.

ACUSOL 820 Rheology Modifier/Stabilizer can also thicken solutions containing high levels of surfactants.
ACUSOL 820 is Rheology Modifier and Stabilizer
ACUSOL 820 is a Hydrophobically modified AlkaliSoluble acrylic polymer Emulsion (HASE) with unusually high aqueous thickening andstabilising efficiency.

Working by association, ACUSOL 820 can also thicken solutions containing high levels of surfactants at low pH.
This unique performance is achieved by acidifying a neutralized surfactant-containing formulation with a dilute organic or mineral acid.

Acusol 820 is a hydrophobically modified Alkali Soluble acrylic polymer emulsion with unusually high aqueous thickening and stabilizing efficiency.
When neutralized to a ph above 7 ACUSOL 820 thickens instantly.
This characteristic has led to its incorporation into alkaline cleaner formulations such as glass and emulsion cleaners, hand dishwash liquid detergents, hard surface and floor cleaners, liquid abrasive cleaners, liquid laundry detergents, oven cleaner, pain strippers waterless cleaners and white-wall tire cleaners.

USES OF ACUSOL 820:
ACUSOL 820 is used in All-purpose cleaners
ACUSOL 820 is used in Floor cleaners
ACUSOL 820 is used in Hand dishwashing liquids

ACUSOL 820 is used in Laundry detergents
ACUSOL 820 is used in Automatic dishwashing gels
ACUSOL 820 is used in Oven cleaners
ACUSOL 820 is used in Abrasive Cleaners
ACUSOL 820 is used in Alkaline Cleaner
ACUSOL 820 is used in Alkaline Paint Strippers

ACUSOL 820 is used in Caustic Soda Thickener
ACUSOL 820 is used in Dishwash Detergents
ACUSOL 820 is used in Drain Cleaner

ACUSOL 820 is used in Floor Cleaners
ACUSOL 820 is used in Glass Cleaners
ACUSOL 820 is used in Hand Dishwash Detergents

ACUSOL 820 is used in Hard Surface Cleaners
ACUSOL 820 is used in Laundry Detergents
ACUSOL 820 is used in Paint Strippers

ACUSOL 820 is used in Rheology Modifier
ACUSOL 820 is used in Thickener
ACUSOL 820 is used in Toilet Freshener

ACUSOL 820 is used in Waterless Hand Cleaners
ACUSOL 820 is used in White Wall Tire Cleaner

BENEFITS OF ACUSOL 820:
ACUSOL 820 has Instant thickening capabilities when mixed with any alkali
ACUSOL 820 has Low viscosity for easy handling
ACUSOL 820 has Water-based polymerization with no residual solvents

ACUSOL 820 is Compatible with high levels of certain salts and electrolytes commonly used in household cleaning formulations
ACUSOL 820 is Convenient, rapid thickening of solutions and gels for an end-product that is free from air bubbles or lumps

ACUSOL 820 is Non-GMO
To the best of our knowledge ACUSOL 820 does not contain ingredients of animal origin.


FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF ACUSOL 820:
Anionic: Can be thickened instantly with any alkali. Compatible with both non-ionic andanionic surfactants, builders and fillers.
Liquid: Supplied as a low viscosity liquid emulsion, it is very easy to handle.
No predissolution, elimination of lumps or warming required.

Associative nature: Association may occur with other formulation components giving enhanced viscosity and stability.

Rheology: Gives pseudoplastic (shear thinning) rheology, similar to cellulosics but maintains higher viscosity for higher shear rates.

Emulsion technology: Water-based polymerization.
No residual solvents.
No residual organic initiators.
Instant neutralization: Permits continuous manufacturing process through in-line static mixers.

Gel appearance: Gives clear gels or solutions.
Microbial resistance: Being a synthetic polymer, ACUSOL 820 Rheology Modifier/Stabilizer is inherently resistant to microbes and enzymes that can degrade cellulosic thickeners, leading to loss of viscosity.
Salt tolerance: Compatible with high levels of salts and electrolytes commonly used in household and institutional formulations.


GENERAL MIXING PROCEDURE OF ACUSOL 820:
Operating flexibility is provided by the physical characteristics of the product (low viscosity liquid before neutralization), and its high thickening efficiency allows varying operating procedures.

The following mixing procedure meets most formulating needs:
1. Introduce ACUSOL 820 polymer into the formulation water.
This should provide at least a threefold dilution of the polymer.
2. Add the nonionic surfactants (if any).
3. Add the anionic surfactants (if any)—low pH first.*
4. Add builders, fillers, particulates.
5. Add dyes, then perfume.
6. Neutralize with the chosen alkali



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT ACUSOL 820:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ACUSOL 820:
Appearance:
Physical state liquid
Color white milky
Odor: Mild odor
pH 2.2 - 3.2
Melting point/range 0 °C Water
Boiling point (760 mmHg) 100.00 °C Water
Flash point: Noncombustible
Evaporation Rate (Butyl Acetate= 1)
Vapor Pressure 17.0000000 mmHg at 25.00 °C Water
Relative Vapor Density (air = 1) Relative Density (water = 1) 1.0000 - 1.2000
Dynamic Viscosity 40.000 mPa.s
Percent volatility 69.00 - 71.00 % Water

1,4-Butanedicarboxylic acid; 1,6-Hexanedioic Acid; Adipinic Acid; Acifloctin; Acinetten; Hexanedioic acid; 1,4-BUTANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID; 1,6-HEXANEDIOIC ACID; ADIPIC ACID; adipinic acid; AKOS BBS-00004308; BUTANE-1,4-DICARBOXYLIC ACID; DICARBOXYLIC ACID C6; FEMA 2011; HEXANDIOIC ACID; RARECHEM AL BO 0180; acideadipique; Acifloctin; Acinetten; Adilactetten; adipate; adipic; Adipinsαure; Adi-pure; ai3-03700; femanumber2011 CAS NO:124-04-9

Addocat 10/9 also shortens the pot life of the formulation.
Addocat 10/9 is suitable for use in polyurethane coatings.


Product Type: Catalysts / Accelerators / Initiators > Amines
Chemical Composition: Aminoalkanol ester (ester amine)
Physical Form: Liquid, Colorless to brown


Addocat 10/9 is an aminoalkanol ester (ester amine).
Addocat 10/9 acts as a catalyst.
Addocat 10/9 also shortens the pot-life of the formulation.


To facilitate metering, Addocat 10/9 should be used as a 10% solution in butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methylisobutyl ketone or methylethyl ketone.
Addocat 10/9 is suitable for use in polyurethane coatings.
Recommended dosage level of Addocat 10/9 is 0.1-0.5%.


Addocat 10/9 has a shelf life of 6 months.
Addocat 10/9 is a mild catalyst for polyurethane coatings, if aromatic isocyanates like Desmodur L are used.
Addocat 10/9 accelerates the drying and curing of polyurethane coatings.


Addocat 10/9 also shortens the pot life of the formulation.
Addition: 0.1 - 0.5% Addocat 10/9, calculated on the formulations isocyanate / polyol content.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT 10/9:
Addocat 10/9 cts as a catalyst.
Addocat 10/9 also shortens the pot-life of the formulation.
To facilitate metering, Addocat 10/9 should be used as a 10% solution in butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methylisobutyl ketone or methylethyl ketone.


Addocat 10/9 is suitable for use in polyurethane coatings.
To facilitate metering, Addocat 10/9 should be used as a 10% solution in butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methylisobutyl ketone or methylethyl ketone.
Addocat 10/9 is used water content of the solving agent should be less than 0.05 pbw.


Storage of solutions of Addocat 10/9 should be proofed first ock foam and hot-molded foam.
Addocat 10/9 is also used for HR foam and, as a co-catalyst, for rigid foams.
Addocat 10/9 is used amino-alkanol esters, reaction accelerators in polyurethane coatings



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT 10/9:
Catalyst for polyurethane coatings.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT 10/9:
Tradename: ADDOCAT 10/9
Generic name: ADDITIVE FOR POLYURETHANES
Product Type: Catalysts / Accelerators / Initiators > Amines
Chemical Composition: Aminoalkanol ester (ester amine)
Physical Form: Liquid, Colorless to brown



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT 10/9:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT 10/9:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT 10/9:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT 10/9:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT 10/9:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT 10/9:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat 102, a chemical with molecular formula C4H6N2, is mainly used for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis use.
Addocat 102 is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an amine-like odor.
Addocat 102 acts as a crosslinking catalyst.


CAS Number: 616-47-4
EC Number: 210-484-7
MDL Number: MFCD00005292
Product Type: Crosslinking Catalysts / Accelerators / Initiators
Chemical Composition: 1-methylimidazole
Molecular Formula: C4H6N2



SYNONYMS:
Tertiary amine, Dabco 33-S, Dabco 33S, 33% BDO triethylenediamine solution, Addocat 106, TEDA-L33B, DABCO POLYCAT microporous catalyst, microporous catalyst, gel catalyst Dabco 33S, 1-Methylimidazole, Cap B (1-methylimidazole 16% in THF), Cap B (1-methylimidazole 10% in THF), Cap B (1-methylimidazole 12% in acetonitrile/ pyridine 78 : 10), 1-methyl- 1H-imidazole, methyl imidazole, N-Methylimidazole, N-methyl imidazole, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole, Thiamazole Imp. B (EP), Thiamazole Impurity B, N-METHYLIMIDAZOLE, 1-methyl-1h-imidazole, MIM, MeIm, methyl imidazole, 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl-, N-methylimidazole (1-methylimidazole), 1-methylmidazole, N-methyl midazole, N-methyl glyoxaline, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole, N-Methylimidazole, 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl-, 1-methyl-1h-imidazole, 1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE, LUPRAGEN(R) NMI, methyl imidazole, N-METHYLIMIDAZOLE, 1-methyl-1h-imidazol, 1-methyl-imidazol, Imidazole, 1-methyl-, N-methylimidazole (1-methylimidazole), N-methyl midazole, N-methyl glyoxaline, CAP B (1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE 12% IN ACETONIT, 1-Methylimidazole, >=99%, purified by redistillation, CAP B (1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE 10% IN THF), CAP B (1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE 10% IN, CAP B (1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE 16% IN THF), 1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE, FOR DNA SYNTHESIS, 1-Methylimdazole, 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl-, 1-methylimidazole solution, 1-methylimidazole, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole, 616-47-7, N-Methylimidazole, 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl-, IMIDAZOLE, 1-METHYL-, N-methylimidazol, 1-methylimidazol, n-methyl imidazole, MFCD00005292, DTXSID6052291, CHEBI:113454, P4617QS63Y, NSC-88064, 1-methyl-imidazole, 1-methylimdazole, EINECS 210-484-7, N1-Methylimidazole, UNII-P4617QS63Y, Araldite DY 070, NSC 88064, 3-methylimidazole, N-methyl-imidazol, N-methyl-imidazole, 1-methyl imidazole, 1-N-methylImidazole, Lopac-M-8878, 1-methyl-(1H)-imidazole, CHEMBL543, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole #, EC 210-484-7, WLN: T5N CNJ A1, Lopac0_000831, 3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium, BDBM7884, DTXCID6030863, HMS3262H03, BCP29437, NSC88064, STR00990, Tox21_304006, Tox21_500831, BBL011447, STL146559, AKOS000119840, CCG-204915, CS-W008580, LP00831, PS-9372, SDCCGSBI-0050808.P002, NCGC00015702-01, NCGC00015702-02, NCGC00015702-03, NCGC00015702-04, NCGC00094162-01, NCGC00094162-02, NCGC00261516-01, NCGC00357222-01, 1-Methylimidazole, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, 1-Methylimidazole, redistilled from glass, CAS-616-47-7, PD015169, DB-002020, THIAMAZOLE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY], EU-0100831, M0508, NS00009025, EN300-21628, 1-Methylimidazole, puriss., >=99.0% (GC), D70869, M 8878, 1-Methylimidazole, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, SR-01000076013, Q-200126, Q4545792, SR-01000076013-1, 1-Methylimidazole, >=99%, purified by redistillation, F0001-1635, Z104506032, InChI=1/C4H6N2/c1-6-3-2-5-4-6/h2-4H,1H, Cap B (1-methylimidazole 16% in THF), for oligonucleotide synthesis, filtered through a 1µm filter, Capping B (10 % N-methylimidazole in THF / pyridine, V / V = 80 : 10) NC-0803 emp Biotech GmbH, Capping B, 16 % NMI in THF, emp Biotech GmbH (THF/N-methylimidazole, V / V = 84 : 16) NC-0801, 450ml : 28-400 thread, 2.5L : GL45 thread



Addocat 102, also known as N-Methylimidazole, is used as a specialty solvent, a base, and as a precursor to some ionic liquids.
In rigid foams Addocat 102 catalyses mainly the crosslinking reaction (isocyanate-polyol).
For the production of these materials Addocat 102 is used as a co-catalyst in combination with Addocat 726 b, Addocat 104 or Addocat PP.


Addocat 102 gives the rigid foam a tough and elastic skin, thus improving the adhesion of the foam to facings, particularly in sandwich panels.
Addocat 102 is a 1-methylimidazole.
Addocat 102 acts as a crosslinking catalyst.


Addocat 102 gives the rigid foam a tough and elastic skin, thus improving the adhesion of the foam to facings, particularly in sandwich panels.
Addocat 102 is a polyurethane catalyst based on a tertiary amine, specifically N-methylimidazole.
Addocat 102 activates the gelling (cross linking) reaction in rigid polyurethane foams.


Addocat 102 produces tough and elastic skin, thus improving the adhesion of the foam to facings.
Addocat 102, a chemical with molecular formula C4H6N2, is mainly used for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis use.
Addocat 102 is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an amine-like odor.


Addocat 102 is miscible with water.
Addocat 102 is a versatile intermediate with a variety of applications.
Addocat 102 is a versatile intermediate used as a building block for active ingredients as well as in epoxy curing.


Addocat 102 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Addocat 102 has been enhanced for catalysis.


Addocat 102 is a derivative of imidazole that is utilized in the manufacture of such classes of items as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, ion-exchange resins, dye intermediates, textile auxiliaries, photographic chemicals, and corrosion inhibitors.
Addocat 102 is a 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.


Addocat 102 is a metabolite of 1-methyl-2-thioimidazole (methimazole).
Addocat 102 inhibits bone resorption.
Addocat 102 is a 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT 102:
Addocat 102 is used continuous production of sandwich panels.
Addocat 102 is used discontinuous heat/cold insulation of refrigerators and piping.
Addocat 102 is used on-site casting.


Addocat 102 is used for the production of polyurethane foam and discontinuous heat/cold insulation of refrigerators and piping.
Addocat 102 is used Automotive industry Body for electrical equipment Cables Construction Construction material Electronics Industry Housing for Electric and Electronics In-situ foams Pipe insulation Plastic- and Rubberpolymers Polymer auxiliaries


Typically Addocat 102 is used in the continuous production of sandwich panels, discontinuous hear/cold insulation if refrigerators and piping, and for on-site casting.
Addocat 102 is used auto industry, Electrical machinery equipment, cable, architecture, Building Materials, electronics industry, Electrical and electronic equipment housing, In-situ foam, Pipeline insulation, Plastic and rubber polymers, and Polymer Additives.


Addocat 102 is a heat-sensitive moderately active gel-like catalyst, etc.
Addocat 102 is mainly used in polyurethane semi-rigid foam, microcellular elastomers and so on;
Addocat 102 can be used as an epoxy curing accelerator with anhydride curing agents in epoxy potting adhesives.


Addocat 102 is used for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Hydroxyacetylation catalyst.
Addocat 102 is mainly used as curing agent for epoxy resin and other resins.
Addocat 102 is used in the fields of casting, bonding and FRP.


Addocat 102 is used organic synthesis intermediates and resin curing agent and adhesive.
Addocat 102 can be used in the fields of casting, bonding and glass fiber reinforced plastic.
Addocat 102 is used as organic synthesis intermediates and resin curing agent, adhesive, etc.


In rigid foams Addocat 102 catalyses mainly the crosslinking reaction (isocyanate-polyol).
For the production of these materials Addocat 102 is used as a co-catalyst in combination with Addocat 726 b, Addocat 104 or Addocat PP.


Addocat 102 gives the rigid foam a tough and elastic skin,
thus improving the adhesion of the foam to facings, articularly in sandwich panels.
Addocat 102 is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Ther release to the environment of Addocat 102 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Release to the environment of Addocat 102 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Addocat 102 is used in the following products: coating products, pharmaceuticals, polymers and oil and gas exploration or production products.
Addocat 102 is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Addocat 102 can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, as processing aid and for thermoplastic manufacture.


Release to the environment of Addocat 102 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Addocat 102 is used as a precursor for the synthesis of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides, ionic liquids such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.
Addocat 102 is actively involved in removing acid during the production of diethoxyphenylphosphine.


Addocat 102 is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
Addocat 102 is a derivative of imidazole used in the production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, ion exchange resins, dye intermediates, textile auxiliaries, photographic chemicals, and corrosion inhibitors.


Addocat 102 can also be used as a catalyst for the manufacture of polyurethane and a curing agent for epoxy resins.
For example, when Addocat 102 is added to an aqueous diethylenetriamine (DETA) solution, high CO2 loading can be achieved through phase separation of the absorbent during CO2 absorption.


Addocat 102 is also used as a catalyst for manufacturing polyurethanes and a curing agent for epoxy resins.
Addocat 102 is an aprotic solvent.


-Applications of Addocat 102:
*Continuous production of sandwich panels.
*Discontinuous heat/cold insulation of refrigerators and piping.
*On-site casting.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ADDOCAT 102:
Addocat 102 is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the formula C4H6N2.
Addocat 102 is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an amine-like odor.
Addocat 102 is miscible with water.

Addocat 102 is an important raw material for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, used in the preparation of losartan, nizofenone, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carbonyl chloride hydrochloride and naphazoline hydrochloride, etc.
Addocat 102 is also used as a specialty solvent, a base, and as a precursor to some ionic liquids.



PREPARATION OF ADDOCAT 102:
Addocat 102 is prepared mainly by two routes industrially.
The main one is acid-catalysed methylation of imidazole by methanol.

The second method involves the Radziszewski reaction from glyoxal, formaldehyde, and a mixture of ammonia and methylamine.
(CHO)2 + CH2O + CH3NH2 + NH3 → H2C2N(NCH3)CH + 3 H2O
Addocat 102 can be synthesized on a laboratory scale by methylation of imidazole at the pyridine-like nitrogen and subsequent deprotonation.

Similarly, Addocat 102 may be synthesized by first deprotonating imidazole to form a sodium salt followed by methylation.
H2C2N(NH)CH + CH3I → [H2C2(NH)(NCH3)CH]I
[H2C2(NH)(NCH3)CH]I + NaOH → H2C2N(NCH3)CH + H2O + NaI



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT 102:
Catalyst for the production of rigid polyurethane foam.



DOSAGE OF ADDOCAT 102:
0.5 - 1.0 p.b.w. Addocat 102, calculated on 100 p.b.w. polyol, together with 1 - 3 p.b.w Addocat PP or Addocat 726 b or 0.3 - 1.0 p.b.w. Addocat 104.



STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF ADDOCAT 102:
Addocat 102 should be sealed and stored in dry, cool and ventilated warehouse, filled with nitrogen and sealed in a cool and dry place for storage.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF ADDOCAT 102:
Dry Addocat 102 with sodium metal and then distil it.
Store Addocat 102 at 0o under dry argon.
The picrate has m 159.5-160.5o (from H2O).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT 102:
Product Type: Crosslinking Catalysts / Accelerators / Initiators
Chemical Composition: 1-methylimidazole
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Composition: Tertiary amine
Physical Form: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Density (20 °C): Approx. 1.03 g/cm³
Viscosity (25 °C): Approx. 2 mPa.s
Boiling Point: 198 °C
Solidification Point: Approx. -2 °C
Flash Point: 92 °C (ASTM-D 93, DIN EN 22719)
Miscibility with Water: Miscible

Water Content: Max. 0.5%
Substance Content: Min. 99.0%
Relative Density: 1.030
Refractive Index: 1.4970
Flash Point (℃): 92
Melting Point (°C): -60
Boiling Point (°C): 198
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid
Content: ≥99%
Density: 1.03 g/mL at 25 ℃
Vapor Pressure: 0.4 mm Hg (20 ℃)
Color: Clear colorless to yellow

Specific Gravity: 1.031
pKa: 6.95 (at 25℃)
BRN: 105197
Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.495 (lit.)
Form: Liquid
pH Range: 9.5 - 11.5 at 100 g/L at 20 °C
pH: 9.5-10.5 (50 g/L, H2O, 20℃)
InChIKey: MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Explosive Limit: 2.7-15.7% (V)
Fp: 198 °F
Vapor Pressure: 0.4 mm Hg (20 °C)
EPA Substance Registry System: 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl- (616-47-7)
Density: 1.03 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Water Solubility: Miscible with water

Melting Point: −60 °C (lit.)
Stability: Stable, but moisture sensitive.
Incompatible with acids, acid anhydrides, strong oxidizing agents,
moisture, carbon dioxide, acid chlorides.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl- (616-47-7)
CAS DataBase Reference: 616-47-7 (CAS DataBase Reference)
Molecular Weight: 82.10 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 82.053098200 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 82.053098200 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 17.8 Ų

Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 44.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Purity / Analysis Method: >99.0% (GC)
Molecular Formula: C4H6N2
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C4H6N2 = 82.11
Physical State (20 °C): Liquid

Storage Temperature: Room Temperature (Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Air Sensitive, Hygroscopic
CAS RN: 616-47-7
Reaxys Registry Number: 105197
PubChem Substance ID: 87572549
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 3569
MDL Number: MFCD00005292
CB Number: CB1316726
MOL File: 616-47-7.mol
Melting Point: −60 °C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 198 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.03 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

Vapor Pressure: 0.4 mm Hg (20 °C)
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.495 (lit.)
Flash Point: 198 °F
Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Liquid
pKa: 6.95 (at 25°C)
Specific Gravity: 1.031
Color: Clear colorless to yellow
pH: 9.5-10.5 (50 g/L, H2O, 20°C)
pH Range: 9.5 - 11.5 at 100 g/L at 20 °C
Explosive Limit: 2.7-15.7% (V)

Water Solubility: Miscible with water
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 105197
Stability: Stable, but moisture sensitive.
Incompatible with acids, acid anhydrides, strong oxidizing agents,
moisture, carbon dioxide, acid chlorides
InChIKey: MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.19 at 25°C
CAS DataBase Reference: 616-47-7
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: P4617QS63Y
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl- (616-47-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl- (616-47-7)



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT 102:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT 102:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT 102:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT 102:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT 102:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT 102:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat 102, a chemical with molecular formula C4H6N2, is mainly used for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis use.
Addocat 102 is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an amine-like odor.
Addocat 102 acts as a crosslinking catalyst.


CAS Number: 616-47-4
EC Number: 210-484-7
MDL Number: MFCD00005292
Product Type: Crosslinking Catalysts / Accelerators / Initiators
Chemical Composition: 1-methylimidazole
Molecular Formula: C4H6N2



SYNONYMS:
Tertiary amine, Dabco 33-S, Dabco 33S, 33% BDO triethylenediamine solution, Addocat 106, TEDA-L33B, DABCO POLYCAT microporous catalyst, microporous catalyst, gel catalyst Dabco 33S, 1-Methylimidazole, Cap B (1-methylimidazole 16% in THF), Cap B (1-methylimidazole 10% in THF), Cap B (1-methylimidazole 12% in acetonitrile/ pyridine 78 : 10), 1-methyl- 1H-imidazole, methyl imidazole, N-Methylimidazole, N-methyl imidazole, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole, Thiamazole Imp. B (EP), Thiamazole Impurity B, N-METHYLIMIDAZOLE, 1-methyl-1h-imidazole, MIM, MeIm, methyl imidazole, 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl-, N-methylimidazole (1-methylimidazole), 1-methylmidazole, N-methyl midazole, N-methyl glyoxaline, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole, N-Methylimidazole, 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl-, 1-methyl-1h-imidazole, 1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE, LUPRAGEN(R) NMI, methyl imidazole, N-METHYLIMIDAZOLE, 1-methyl-1h-imidazol, 1-methyl-imidazol, Imidazole, 1-methyl-, N-methylimidazole (1-methylimidazole), N-methyl midazole, N-methyl glyoxaline, CAP B (1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE 12% IN ACETONIT, 1-Methylimidazole, >=99%, purified by redistillation, CAP B (1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE 10% IN THF), CAP B (1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE 10% IN, CAP B (1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE 16% IN THF), 1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE, FOR DNA SYNTHESIS, 1-Methylimdazole, 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl-, 1-methylimidazole solution, 1-methylimidazole, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole, 616-47-7, N-Methylimidazole, 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl-, IMIDAZOLE, 1-METHYL-, N-methylimidazol, 1-methylimidazol, n-methyl imidazole, MFCD00005292, DTXSID6052291, CHEBI:113454, P4617QS63Y, NSC-88064, 1-methyl-imidazole, 1-methylimdazole, EINECS 210-484-7, N1-Methylimidazole, UNII-P4617QS63Y, Araldite DY 070, NSC 88064, 3-methylimidazole, N-methyl-imidazol, N-methyl-imidazole, 1-methyl imidazole, 1-N-methylImidazole, Lopac-M-8878, 1-methyl-(1H)-imidazole, CHEMBL543, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole #, EC 210-484-7, WLN: T5N CNJ A1, Lopac0_000831, 3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium, BDBM7884, DTXCID6030863, HMS3262H03, BCP29437, NSC88064, STR00990, Tox21_304006, Tox21_500831, BBL011447, STL146559, AKOS000119840, CCG-204915, CS-W008580, LP00831, PS-9372, SDCCGSBI-0050808.P002, NCGC00015702-01, NCGC00015702-02, NCGC00015702-03, NCGC00015702-04, NCGC00094162-01, NCGC00094162-02, NCGC00261516-01, NCGC00357222-01, 1-Methylimidazole, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, 1-Methylimidazole, redistilled from glass, CAS-616-47-7, PD015169, DB-002020, THIAMAZOLE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY], EU-0100831, M0508, NS00009025, EN300-21628, 1-Methylimidazole, puriss., >=99.0% (GC), D70869, M 8878, 1-Methylimidazole, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, SR-01000076013, Q-200126, Q4545792, SR-01000076013-1, 1-Methylimidazole, >=99%, purified by redistillation, F0001-1635, Z104506032, InChI=1/C4H6N2/c1-6-3-2-5-4-6/h2-4H,1H, Cap B (1-methylimidazole 16% in THF), for oligonucleotide synthesis, filtered through a 1µm filter, Capping B (10 % N-methylimidazole in THF / pyridine, V / V = 80 : 10) NC-0803 emp Biotech GmbH, Capping B, 16 % NMI in THF, emp Biotech GmbH (THF/N-methylimidazole, V / V = 84 : 16) NC-0801, 450ml : 28-400 thread, 2.5L : GL45 thread



Addocat 102, also known as N-Methylimidazole, is used as a specialty solvent, a base, and as a precursor to some ionic liquids.
In rigid foams Addocat 102 catalyses mainly the crosslinking reaction (isocyanate-polyol).
For the production of these materials Addocat 102 is used as a co-catalyst in combination with Addocat 726 b, Addocat 104 or Addocat PP.


Addocat 102 gives the rigid foam a tough and elastic skin, thus improving the adhesion of the foam to facings, particularly in sandwich panels.
Addocat 102 is a 1-methylimidazole.
Addocat 102 acts as a crosslinking catalyst.


Addocat 102 gives the rigid foam a tough and elastic skin, thus improving the adhesion of the foam to facings, particularly in sandwich panels.
Addocat 102 is a polyurethane catalyst based on a tertiary amine, specifically N-methylimidazole.
Addocat 102 activates the gelling (cross linking) reaction in rigid polyurethane foams.


Addocat 102 produces tough and elastic skin, thus improving the adhesion of the foam to facings.
Addocat 102, a chemical with molecular formula C4H6N2, is mainly used for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis use.
Addocat 102 is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an amine-like odor.


Addocat 102 is miscible with water.
Addocat 102 is a versatile intermediate with a variety of applications.
Addocat 102 is a versatile intermediate used as a building block for active ingredients as well as in epoxy curing.


Addocat 102 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Addocat 102 has been enhanced for catalysis.


Addocat 102 is a derivative of imidazole that is utilized in the manufacture of such classes of items as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, ion-exchange resins, dye intermediates, textile auxiliaries, photographic chemicals, and corrosion inhibitors.
Addocat 102 is a 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.


Addocat 102 is a metabolite of 1-methyl-2-thioimidazole (methimazole).
Addocat 102 inhibits bone resorption.
Addocat 102 is a 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT 102:
Addocat 102 is used continuous production of sandwich panels.
Addocat 102 is used discontinuous heat/cold insulation of refrigerators and piping.
Addocat 102 is used on-site casting.


Addocat 102 is used for the production of polyurethane foam and discontinuous heat/cold insulation of refrigerators and piping.
Addocat 102 is used Automotive industry Body for electrical equipment Cables Construction Construction material Electronics Industry Housing for Electric and Electronics In-situ foams Pipe insulation Plastic- and Rubberpolymers Polymer auxiliaries


Typically Addocat 102 is used in the continuous production of sandwich panels, discontinuous hear/cold insulation if refrigerators and piping, and for on-site casting.
Addocat 102 is used auto industry, Electrical machinery equipment, cable, architecture, Building Materials, electronics industry, Electrical and electronic equipment housing, In-situ foam, Pipeline insulation, Plastic and rubber polymers, and Polymer Additives.


Addocat 102 is a heat-sensitive moderately active gel-like catalyst, etc.
Addocat 102 is mainly used in polyurethane semi-rigid foam, microcellular elastomers and so on;
Addocat 102 can be used as an epoxy curing accelerator with anhydride curing agents in epoxy potting adhesives.


Addocat 102 is used for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Hydroxyacetylation catalyst.
Addocat 102 is mainly used as curing agent for epoxy resin and other resins.
Addocat 102 is used in the fields of casting, bonding and FRP.


Addocat 102 is used organic synthesis intermediates and resin curing agent and adhesive.
Addocat 102 can be used in the fields of casting, bonding and glass fiber reinforced plastic.
Addocat 102 is used as organic synthesis intermediates and resin curing agent, adhesive, etc.


In rigid foams Addocat 102 catalyses mainly the crosslinking reaction (isocyanate-polyol).
For the production of these materials Addocat 102 is used as a co-catalyst in combination with Addocat 726 b, Addocat 104 or Addocat PP.


Addocat 102 gives the rigid foam a tough and elastic skin,
thus improving the adhesion of the foam to facings, articularly in sandwich panels.
Addocat 102 is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Ther release to the environment of Addocat 102 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Release to the environment of Addocat 102 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Addocat 102 is used in the following products: coating products, pharmaceuticals, polymers and oil and gas exploration or production products.
Addocat 102 is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Addocat 102 can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, as processing aid and for thermoplastic manufacture.


Release to the environment of Addocat 102 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Addocat 102 is used as a precursor for the synthesis of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides, ionic liquids such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.
Addocat 102 is actively involved in removing acid during the production of diethoxyphenylphosphine.


Addocat 102 is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
Addocat 102 is a derivative of imidazole used in the production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, ion exchange resins, dye intermediates, textile auxiliaries, photographic chemicals, and corrosion inhibitors.


Addocat 102 can also be used as a catalyst for the manufacture of polyurethane and a curing agent for epoxy resins.
For example, when Addocat 102 is added to an aqueous diethylenetriamine (DETA) solution, high CO2 loading can be achieved through phase separation of the absorbent during CO2 absorption.


Addocat 102 is also used as a catalyst for manufacturing polyurethanes and a curing agent for epoxy resins.
Addocat 102 is an aprotic solvent.


-Applications of Addocat 102:
*Continuous production of sandwich panels.
*Discontinuous heat/cold insulation of refrigerators and piping.
*On-site casting.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ADDOCAT 102:
Addocat 102 is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the formula C4H6N2.
Addocat 102 is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an amine-like odor.
Addocat 102 is miscible with water.

Addocat 102 is an important raw material for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, used in the preparation of losartan, nizofenone, 1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carbonyl chloride hydrochloride and naphazoline hydrochloride, etc.
Addocat 102 is also used as a specialty solvent, a base, and as a precursor to some ionic liquids.



PREPARATION OF ADDOCAT 102:
Addocat 102 is prepared mainly by two routes industrially.
The main one is acid-catalysed methylation of imidazole by methanol.

The second method involves the Radziszewski reaction from glyoxal, formaldehyde, and a mixture of ammonia and methylamine.
(CHO)2 + CH2O + CH3NH2 + NH3 → H2C2N(NCH3)CH + 3 H2O
Addocat 102 can be synthesized on a laboratory scale by methylation of imidazole at the pyridine-like nitrogen and subsequent deprotonation.

Similarly, Addocat 102 may be synthesized by first deprotonating imidazole to form a sodium salt followed by methylation.
H2C2N(NH)CH + CH3I → [H2C2(NH)(NCH3)CH]I
[H2C2(NH)(NCH3)CH]I + NaOH → H2C2N(NCH3)CH + H2O + NaI



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT 102:
Catalyst for the production of rigid polyurethane foam.



DOSAGE OF ADDOCAT 102:
0.5 - 1.0 p.b.w. Addocat 102, calculated on 100 p.b.w. polyol, together with 1 - 3 p.b.w Addocat PP or Addocat 726 b or 0.3 - 1.0 p.b.w. Addocat 104.



STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF ADDOCAT 102:
Addocat 102 should be sealed and stored in dry, cool and ventilated warehouse, filled with nitrogen and sealed in a cool and dry place for storage.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF ADDOCAT 102:
Dry Addocat 102 with sodium metal and then distil it.
Store Addocat 102 at 0o under dry argon.
The picrate has m 159.5-160.5o (from H2O).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT 102:
Product Type: Crosslinking Catalysts / Accelerators / Initiators
Chemical Composition: 1-methylimidazole
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Composition: Tertiary amine
Physical Form: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Density (20 °C): Approx. 1.03 g/cm³
Viscosity (25 °C): Approx. 2 mPa.s
Boiling Point: 198 °C
Solidification Point: Approx. -2 °C
Flash Point: 92 °C (ASTM-D 93, DIN EN 22719)
Miscibility with Water: Miscible

Water Content: Max. 0.5%
Substance Content: Min. 99.0%
Relative Density: 1.030
Refractive Index: 1.4970
Flash Point (℃): 92
Melting Point (°C): -60
Boiling Point (°C): 198
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid
Content: ≥99%
Density: 1.03 g/mL at 25 ℃
Vapor Pressure: 0.4 mm Hg (20 ℃)
Color: Clear colorless to yellow

Specific Gravity: 1.031
pKa: 6.95 (at 25℃)
BRN: 105197
Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.495 (lit.)
Form: Liquid
pH Range: 9.5 - 11.5 at 100 g/L at 20 °C
pH: 9.5-10.5 (50 g/L, H2O, 20℃)
InChIKey: MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Explosive Limit: 2.7-15.7% (V)
Fp: 198 °F
Vapor Pressure: 0.4 mm Hg (20 °C)
EPA Substance Registry System: 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl- (616-47-7)
Density: 1.03 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Water Solubility: Miscible with water

Melting Point: −60 °C (lit.)
Stability: Stable, but moisture sensitive.
Incompatible with acids, acid anhydrides, strong oxidizing agents,
moisture, carbon dioxide, acid chlorides.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl- (616-47-7)
CAS DataBase Reference: 616-47-7 (CAS DataBase Reference)
Molecular Weight: 82.10 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 82.053098200 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 82.053098200 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 17.8 Ų

Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 44.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Purity / Analysis Method: >99.0% (GC)
Molecular Formula: C4H6N2
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C4H6N2 = 82.11
Physical State (20 °C): Liquid

Storage Temperature: Room Temperature (Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Air Sensitive, Hygroscopic
CAS RN: 616-47-7
Reaxys Registry Number: 105197
PubChem Substance ID: 87572549
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 3569
MDL Number: MFCD00005292
CB Number: CB1316726
MOL File: 616-47-7.mol
Melting Point: −60 °C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 198 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.03 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

Vapor Pressure: 0.4 mm Hg (20 °C)
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.495 (lit.)
Flash Point: 198 °F
Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Liquid
pKa: 6.95 (at 25°C)
Specific Gravity: 1.031
Color: Clear colorless to yellow
pH: 9.5-10.5 (50 g/L, H2O, 20°C)
pH Range: 9.5 - 11.5 at 100 g/L at 20 °C
Explosive Limit: 2.7-15.7% (V)

Water Solubility: Miscible with water
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 105197
Stability: Stable, but moisture sensitive.
Incompatible with acids, acid anhydrides, strong oxidizing agents,
moisture, carbon dioxide, acid chlorides
InChIKey: MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.19 at 25°C
CAS DataBase Reference: 616-47-7
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: P4617QS63Y
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl- (616-47-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: 1H-Imidazole, 1-methyl- (616-47-7)



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT 102:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT 102:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT 102:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT 102:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT 102:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT 102:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat 105 is one of the standard catalysts for polyurethanes.
In foam production Addocat 105 activates both the gas reaction and the crosslinking reaction.


CAS Number: 280-57-9
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Solution of triethylene diamine in dipropylene glycol
Molecular formula: C6H12N2



SYNONYMS:
Addocat DB Addocat DMEA Addocat LTP Addocat PP Addocat PV Addocat SO Addocat 101 Addocat 102 Addocat 104 ADDOCAT 105 Addocat 106 Addocat 108 Addocat 10/9 Addocat 117 Addocat 1221 VN Addocat 1656 Addocat 1926 Addocat 201 Addocat 30EL08 Addocat 3144 Addocat 5073 Addocat 726 B Addocat 9018 Addocat 9558
Catalyst A33, Polyurethane Catalyst A33, Catalyst A33, Foaming Catalyst A33, CAS 280-57-9, Dabco 33-LV, Niax A-33, Jeffcat TD-33A, Lupragen N201, Tegoamin 33 PC CAT TD33, Addocat 105, TEDA L33, foaming catalyst, polyurethane foaming catalyst, catalyst A-33, polyurethane catalyst A-33, liquid catalyst, liquid complex amine catalyst, A33 Polyurethane Catalyst A33, Catalyst A33, Dabco 33-LV, Niax A-33, Jeffcat TD-33A, Lupragen N201, Tegoamin 33, PC CAT TD33, Addocat 105, TEDA L33, Foaming Catalyst A33, Addocat 10/9, Addocat 101, Addocat 102, Addocat 104, Addocat 105, Addocat 106, Addocat 108, Addocat 117, Addocat 1221 VN, Addocat 1656, Addocat 1926, Addocat 201, Addocat 30EL08, Addocat 3144, Addocat 5073, Addocat 726 B, Addocat 9018, Addocat 9558, Addocat DB, Addocat DMEA, Addocat LTP, Addocat PP, Addocat PV, Addocat SO



Addocat 105 is a gel catalyst mainly used as polyurethane foam.
Addocat 105 is form Solid
Addocat 105 is a general purpose catalyst used in polyurethane systems for the production of rigid, flexible polyurethane foams and microcellular foams.


Addocat 105 is a solution of triethylene diamine in dipropylene glycol.
Addocat 105 acts as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes.
In foam production, Addocat 105 activates both the gas reaction and the crosslinking reaction.


Flexible polyether foam: In the production of polyether slabstock foam and hot-moulded foam, Addocat 105 serves mainly to promote the gas reaction.
Addocat 105 is suitable for flexible slabstock foam, hot moulded foam, HR foam, filling foam, integral skin foam, rigid foam and polyurethane coatings, elastomers and other products.


Addocat 105 has a shelf life of 12 months.
Addocat 105 is one of the standard catalysts for polyurethanes.
In foam production Addocat 105 activates both the gas reaction and the crosslinking reaction.


Addocat 105 is one of the standard catalysts for polyurethanes.
In foam production Addocat 105 activates both the gas reaction and the crosslinking reaction.
Addocat 105 is a polyurethane catalyst based on a tertiary amine, specifically triethylenediamine cut in DPG.
Addocat 105 is a balanced catalyst, activating both the gelling (cross linking) reaction and blowing reaction in polyurethane foams.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT 105:
Addocat 105 is solid at room temperature and is not suitable for use as a polyurethane catalyst.
In industrial applications, Addocat 105 is often dissolved into small molecule diols and configured for use as an alcoholic solution at 33% by weight (or other concentrations).


Commonly Addocat 105 is used diols are dipropylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoacetate (diethylene glycol), ethylene glycol, etc.
Addocat 105 is used flexible, semi-rigid, rigid urethane foam


Cold-curing cast elastomers use of Addocat 105: In the production of cold-curing cast elastomers Addocat 105
(0.1 - 0.5 p.b.w.) is used wherever relatively long filling times are desired.
Addocat 105 is suitable for use in flexible slabstock foam, hot moulded foam, HR foam, filling foam, integral skin foam, rigid foam.


Addocat 105 is also suitable for use in polyurethane coatings, elastomers, and sealants.
Addocat 105 is used continuous and discontinuous production of sandwich panels.
Addocat 105 is used discontinuous cold/heat insulation of refrigerators and piping.


Addocat 105 is used on-site casting.
HR-foam (moulded and slabstock foam) uses of Addocat 105: Here the reaction can be controlled with Addocat 105 (0.3 - 1.0 p.b.w. on 100 p.b.w. polyol) in combination with Addocat 108 (0.1 - 0.5 p.b.w.).


-Filling foam uses of Addocat 105:
In the production of semi-rigid filling foams Addocat 105 has been found advisable to use triethanol amine (up to 4.0 p.b.w.) in addition to Addocat 105 .
This improves the open cell structure.


-Rigid foam uses of Addocat 105:
Addocat 105 gives rigid foams a tough and elastic skin, thus
improving the adhesion of the foam to flexible and rigid facings.

Addocat 105 can be used alone, but also in combination with
Addocat 726 b and Addocat PP.
Dosage of Addocat 105: 1.0 - 3.0 p.b.w. on 100 p.b.w. polyol.


-Integral skin foam (flexible, semi-rigid, rigid) uses of Addocat 105:
In the production of integral skin foam Addocat 105 (1.0 - 2.0
p.b.w.) is used together with Addocat 201 (0.02 - 0.05 p.b.w.). Combinations of the two activators reduce the demoulding times.


-Flexible polyether foam uses of Addocat 105:
In the production of polyether slabstock foam and hot-moulded foam Addocat 105 serves mainly to promote the gas reaction (0.3 - 0.45 p.b.w. on 100 p.b.w. polyol).
Addocat 105 is used together with Addocat SO (0.1- 0.3 p.b.w.), which activates the crosslinking reaction.



USAGE OF ADDOCAT 105:
The active ingredient of polyurethane catalyst A33 is Addocat 105, the solution prepared by 33% of Addocat 105 and 67% of monoconjugated dipropylene glycol is mainly used as gel catalyst for polyurethane foam, which is widely used in flexible, semi-rigid, rigid polyurethane foam, coating, elastomer, In polyurethane foaming system, isocyanate firstly reacts with Addocat 105 to generate active complex.

The nature of the complex is very unstable, once the urethane bond is generated, it will be free, which is conducive to further catalyzing, Addocat 105 has a strong catalytic effect on the gel reaction and foaming reaction, especially on the polyurethane and hydroxyl catalytic effect is more selective.
Addocat 105 is mainly used as gel catalyst for polyurethane foams, and it is widely used in flexible, semi-rigid, rigid polyurethane foams, elastomers, coatings, etc.



CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ADDOCAT 105:
33% solution of Addocat 105.
Addocat 105 is solid at room temperature and is not convenient for use as a polyurethane catalyst.

In industrial applications, Addocat 105 is often melted in small molecule diols and configured to be used as an alcohol solution with a mass fraction of 33% (or other concentrations).
Commonly Addocat 105 is used diols are dipropylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoacetate (diethylene glycol), ethylene glycol and so on.



STORAGE STABILITY OF ADDOCAT 105:
When Addocat 105 is stored in firmly closed containers, a shelf life of 12 months can be expected.
Handling
Consult material safety data sheet (MSDS) for additional handling information for Addocat 105 .



FUNTION OF ADDOCAT 105:
Catalyst for the production of polyurethanes, e.g. flexible slabstock foam, hot molded foam, HR foam, filling foam, integral skin foam, rigid foam and polyurethane coatings, elastomers and other products.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT 105:
Molecular formula: C6H12N2
Relative molecular mass: 112.17
CAS No.: 280-57-9
Purity ≥99%
Moisture ≤0.5%
Viscosity (25℃): 100mPa.s
Density (20℃): 1.033g/cm3
Flash point (PMCC): 79℃
Vapor pressure (38℃): 266Pa

Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Solution of triethylene diamine in dipropylene glycol
Physical Form: Liquid
Density (20 °C): 1.03 g/cm³
Viscosity (20 °C): Approx. 148 mPa.s
Initial Boiling Point: 198 °C
Pour Point: Approx. -33 °C
Flash Point: 92 °C (DIN EN 22719, ASTM-D 93)
OH-Value: Approx. 560 mg KOH/g
Miscibility with Water: Unlimited
Water Content: Max. 0.5 %
TEDA Content: 33.3 ± 0.5 %



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT 105:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT 105:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT 105:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT 105:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT 105:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT 105:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat 106 acts as a catalyst for polyurethane.
Addocat 106 is suitable for use in semi-rigid integral systems such as formulations for shoe soles, armrests for cars.


Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: 25% solution of triethylene diamine in 1,4 butanediol



SYNONYMS:
Dabco 33-S, Dabco 33S 33% BDO solution of triethylenediamine, Advocate 106, TEDA-L33B, DABCO POLYCAT micro-catalyst, small catalyst, Gel catalyst Dabco 33S, 25 % solution of triethylene diamine in 1,4 butanediol



Addocat 106 is 25 % solution of triethylene diamine in 1,4 butanediol.
Addocat 106 acts as a catalyst for polyurethane.


Addocat 106 is suitable for use in semi-rigid integral systems such as formulations for shoe soles, armrests for cars.
Addocat 106 has a shelf life of 12 months.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT 106:
Addocat 106 is specifically used for semi-rigid integral systems such as formulations for shoe soles, armrests for cars, etc. and for polyurethane coatings and elastomers manufactured by cold casting.


Approximately 1 - 2 p.b.w. Addocat 106 to 100 p.b.w. polyol blend are used, depending on the demold time required.
Demold time can be reduced even further by using organo-metallic compounds such as Addocat 201 (approx. 0.03 p.b.w.).
Addocat 106 is used catalyst for polyurethane Plastic- and Rubberpolymers Polymer auxiliaries


Addocat 106 is suitable for recipes which also contain 1,4 butanediol.
Addocat 106 acts as a catalyst for polyurethane.
Addocat 106 is suitable for use in semi-rigid integral systems such as formulations for shoe soles, armrests for cars.



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT 106:
Catalyst for polyurethane.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT 106:
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: 25% solution of triethylene diamine in 1,4 butanediol
Physical Form: Liquid



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT 106:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT 106:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT 106:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT 106:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT 106:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT 106:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SEO keywords:
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: 25% solution of triethylene diamine in 1,4 butanediol
Dabco 33-S; Dabco 33S 33% BDO solution of triethylenediamine; Advocate 106; TEDA-L33B; DABCO POLYCAT micro-catalyst; small catalyst; Gel catalyst Dabco 33S; 25 % solution of triethylene diamine in 1;4 butanediol
SEO description:
Addocat 106 is suitable for use in semi-rigid integral systems such as formulations for shoe soles, armrests for cars.













ADDOCAT 106


Addocat 106 poliüretan için katalizör görevi görür.
Addocat 106, ayakkabı tabanları, araba kolçakları gibi yarı sert integral sistemlerde kullanıma uygundur.


Ürün Tipi: Polimerizasyon Başlatıcılar / İnhibitörler / Katalizörler > Katalizörler
1,4 bütandiolde %25 trietilen diamin çözeltisi



EŞ ANLAMLI:
Dabco 33-S, Dabco 33S %33 BDO trietilendiamin çözeltisi, Advocate 106, TEDA-L33B, DABCO POLYCAT mikrokatalizör, küçük katalizör, Jel katalizör Dabco 33S, 1,4 bütandiol içinde %25 trietilen diamin çözeltisi



Addocat 106, 1,4 bütandiol içindeki %25 trietilen diamin çözeltisidir .
Addocat 106 poliüretan için katalizör görevi görür.


Addocat 106, ayakkabı tabanları, araba kolçakları gibi yarı sert integral sistemlerde kullanıma uygundur.
Addocat 106'nın raf ömrü 12 aydır.



ADDOCAT 106'NIN KULLANIMLARI ve UYGULAMALARI:
Addocat 106 özellikle ayakkabı tabanları, araba kolçakları vb. için formülasyonlar gibi yarı sert entegre sistemler ve soğuk dökümle üretilen poliüretan kaplamalar ve elastomerler için kullanılır.


Gerekli kalıptan çıkarma süresine bağlı olarak yaklaşık 1 - 2 pbw Addocat 106 ila 100 pbw poliol karışımı kullanılır.
Addocat 201 (yaklaşık 0,03 pbw) gibi organo-metalik bileşikler kullanılarak kalıptan çıkarma süresi daha da kısaltılabilir.
Addocat 106, poliüretan Plastik ve Kauçukpolimerler Polimer yardımcıları için katalizör olarak kullanılır.


1,4 bütandiol içeren tarifler için de uygundur .
Addocat 106 poliüretan için katalizör görevi görür.
Addocat 106, ayakkabı tabanları, araba kolçakları gibi yarı sert integral sistemlerde kullanıma uygundur.



ADDOCAT 106'NIN İŞLEVİ:
Poliüretan için katalizör.



ADDOCAT 106'NIN FİZİKSEL ve KİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİ:
Ürün Tipi: Polimerizasyon Başlatıcılar / İnhibitörler / Katalizörler > Katalizörler
1,4 bütandiolde %25 trietilen diamin çözeltisi
Fiziksel Form: Sıvı



ADDOCAT 106 İLK YARDIM ÖNLEMLERİ:
-İlk yardım önlemlerinin açıklaması
*Genel tavsiye:
Bu malzeme güvenlik bilgi formunu görevli doktora gösterin.
*Solunması halinde:
İnhalasyondan sonra:
Temiz hava aldırın.
*Ciltle teması halinde:
Kirlenmiş olan giysilerinizi hemen çıkarınız.
Cildi suyla durulayın
su / duş.
*Göz teması halinde:
Göz temasından sonra:
Bol su ile durulayın.
Göz doktorunu çağırın.
Kontakt lensleri çıkarın.
*Yutulması halinde:
Yuttuktan sonra:
Derhal kazazedeye su içirin (en fazla iki bardak).
Bir hekime danışın.
-Herhangi bir acil tıbbi müdahale ve özel tedavi ihtiyacının belirtilmesi.
Veri yok



ADDOCAT 106'NIN KAZA SONUCU YAYILMASINA KARŞI ÖNLEMLER:
-Çevresel önlemler:
Ürünün kanalizasyona girmesine izin vermeyin.
- Muhafaza etme ve temizlemeye yönelik yöntemler ve materyaller:
Drenajları kapatın.
Dökülenleri toplayın, bağlayın ve pompalayın.
Olası malzeme sınırlamalarına dikkat edin.
Kuru alın.
Uygun şekilde imha edin.
Etkilenen bölgeyi temizleyin.



ADDOCAT 106 YANGINLA MÜCADELE ÖNLEMLERİ:
-Yıkıcı medya:
*Uygun söndürücü maddeler:
Karbondioksit (CO2)
Köpük
Kuru toz
*Uygun olmayan söndürme maddeleri:
Bu madde/karışım için söndürücü maddelere ilişkin herhangi bir sınırlama verilmemiştir.
-Daha fazla bilgi:
Yangın söndürme suyunun yüzey suyuna veya yeraltı suyu sistemine karışmasını önleyin.



ADDOCAT 106'NIN MARUZ KALMA KONTROLLERİ/KİŞİSEL KORUNMASI:
-Kontrol parametreleri:
--İşyeri kontrol parametrelerine sahip malzemeler:
-Maruz kalma kontrolleri:
--Kişisel koruyucu ekipman:
*Göz/yüz koruması:
Göz koruması için ekipman kullanın.
Emniyet gözlükleri kullanın
*Vücut koruması:
koruyucu giysi giyin.
*Solunum koruma:
Önerilen Filtre tipi: Filtre A
-Çevresel maruziyetin kontrolü:
Ürünün kanalizasyona girmesine izin vermeyin.



ADDOCAT 106'NIN KULLANILMASI ve DEPOLANMASI:
-Herhangi bir uyumsuzluk da dahil olmak üzere güvenli depolama koşulları:
*Depolama koşulları:
Sıkıca kapalı tutun.
Kuru tutun.



ADDOCAT 106'NIN KARARLILIĞI ve REAKTİVİTESİ:
-Kimyasal stabilite:
Ürün, standart ortam koşulları (oda sıcaklığı ) altında kimyasal olarak stabildir.
-Tehlikeli reaksiyon olasılığı:
Veri yok

Addocat 108 is a clear, Colorless to yellowish.
Addocat 108 is a mixture of bis-(2-dimethyl-aminoethyl)-ether and dipropylene glycol.


CAS Number: 3033-62-3
Product Type: Polyurethane-Amine
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Mixture of bis-(2-dimethyl-aminoethyl)-ether and dipropylene glycol
Molecular formula: C8H20N2O



SYNONYMS:
Polyurethane Catalyst A-1, Catalyst A-1, Dabco BL-11, Niax A-1, Jeffcat ZF-22, Lupragen N206, Tegoamin BDE, PC CAT NP90, Addocat 108, Toyocat ET



Addocat 108 is a polyurethane catalyst based on a tertiary amine, specifically Bis-(2-diemthylaminoethyl)-ether cut in DPG.
Addocat 108 strongly activates the blowing reaction for flexible and rigid polyurethane foams.
In rigid foams, Addocat 108 improves the flow of the reaction mixture, normally used as a co-catalyst.


Addocat 108 is a clear, Colorless to yellowish.
Addocat 108 is a mixture of bis-(2-dimethyl-aminoethyl)-ether and dipropylene glycol.
Addocat 108 is suitable for continuous production of panels and slabstock - discontinuous heat/cold insulation of piping and refrigerators.


Addocat 108 has a shelf life of 12 months.
Addocat 108 is a mixture of bis-(2-dimethyl-aminoethyl)-ether and dipropylene glycol.
Addocat 108 acts as a activator for the production of polyurethane flexible slab-stock foam and hot-molded foam.


Addocat 108 has a shelf life of 12 months.
Addocat 108 is a powerful catalyst for the gas reaction.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT 108:
Addocat 108 is mainly used in the production of flexible polyether-type polyurethane foam, and can also be used in the production of rigid foam for packaging, especially suitable for the production of high resilience, semi-rigid foam and low density Foam;
Addocat 108 is used in conjunction with organotin catalysts to provide a significant increase in foam production tolerance.


Addocat 108 acts as a activator for the production of polyurethane flexible slab-stock foam and hot-molded foam.
Addocat 108 is used for HR foam and, as a co-catalyst, for rigid foams.
Addocat 108 is mainly used in the production of flexible polyether-type polyurethane foam, and can also be used in the production of rigid foam for packaging, especially suitable for the production of high resilience, semi-rigid foam and low density foam;


Addocat 108 is used in conjunction with organotin catalysts to provide a significant increase in foam production tolerance.
Addocat 108 is sued continuous production of panels and slabstock.
Addocat 108 is used discontinuous heat/cold insulation of piping and refrigerators.


HR foam (moulded and slabstock foam) uses of Addocat 108: In this case the reaction can be controlled with Addocat 108 (0.1 - 0.5 p.b.w. on 100 p.b.w. polyol) in combination with Addocat 105 (0.3 -1.0 p.b.w.).
Addocat 108 is also used for HR foam and, as a co-catalyst, for rigid foams.


Addocat 108 is suitable for continuous production of panels and slabstock.
Addocat 108 is used discontinuous heat/cold insulation of piping and refrigerators.


-Filling foam uses of Addocat 108:
In the production of semi-rigid filling foam Addocat 108 has been found advisable to use
triethanol amine (up to 4.0 p.b.w.) in addition to Addocat 108 .
This gives a more open cell structure.


-Rigid foam uses of Addocat 108:
In rigid foam systems Addocat 108 is used only as a co-catalyst in combination with Addocat 726 b, Addocat 1926, Addocat 1221 or Addocat 9412.
Even small additions of Addocat 108 (0.1 p.b.w.) improve the flowability of the system.


-Flexible polyether foam uses of Addocat 108:
Addocat 108 is one of the standard catalysts used to promote the gas reaction in the production of polyether slabstock foam and hot-moulded foam (dosage 0.1 - 0.15 p.b.w. on 100 p.b.w. polyol).
Here Addocat 108 is always used in combination with Addocat SO (0.1 - 0.3 p.b.w.).



STORAGE STABILITY OF ADDOCAT 108:
When Addocat 108 is stored in firmly closed original containers
a shelf life of 12 months can be expected.
Possible yellowing of the liquid in the course of time has no influence on the product's catalytic effect.



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT 108:
Addocat 108 is used for the production of polyurethane flexible slabstock foam and hot-moulded foam.
Addocat 108 is also used for HR foam and, as a co-catalyst, for rigid foams.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT 108:
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Mixture of bis-(2-dimethyl-aminoethyl)-ether and dipropylene glycol
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical composition: Active substance mixture of bis-(2-dimethyl-aminoethyl)- ether and dipropylene glycol
Physical form: clear, colourless to slightly yellowish liquid
Density (20 °C): approx. 0,90 g/cm³
Viscosity (25 °C): approx. 4 mPa.s
Initial boiling point: approx. 170 °C
Solidification point: approx. - 80 °C
Flash point: approx. 71 °C (DIN EN 22719, ASTM-D 93)

Miscibility with water: miscible
Water content: max. 0.5 % 70.0 ± 1.0 %
Molecular formula: C8H20N2O;
Relative molecular mass: 160.3;
CAS No.: 3033-62-3;
Light yellow transparent liquid;
Purity ≥99%;
Water content ≤0.5%;
Viscosity (25℃): 4.1mPa.s;
Density (25℃): 0.902g/cm3;
Flash point (PMCC): 74℃;
Vapor pressure (20℃): 1.3Pa;
Boiling range: 186-226°C;

Formula:C8H20N2O
InChI:InChI=1S/C8H20N2O/c1-9(2)5-7-11-8-6-10(3)4/h5-8H2,1-4H3
InChI key:InChIKey=GTEXIOINCJRBIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES:O(CCN(C)C)CCN(C)C
Molecular formula: C8H20N2O
Relative molecular mass: 160.3
CAS number: 3033-62-3
Light yellow transparent liquid
Purity ≥99%
Moisture≤0.5%
Viscosity (25℃): 4.1mPa.s
Density (25℃): 0.902g/cm3
Flash point (PMCC): 74℃
Vapor pressure (20℃): 1.3Pa
Boiling range: 186-226℃



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT 108:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT 108:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT 108:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT 108:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT 108:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT 108:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat 117 is to 100 p.b.w. polyester polyol.
Addocat 117 is 1,4-dimethylpiperazine.


Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: 1,4-dimethylpiperazine



SYNONYMS:
Jeffcat DMP, Lupragen N204, PC CAT DMP, Addocat 117, Gel balance catalyst, Polyurethane foaming gel balance catalyst, 1,4-dimethylpiperazine, DMP, Lupragen N204, PC CAT DMP, Addocat 117, Gel Balance Catalyst, Polyurethane Foaming Gel Balance Catalyst, 1,4-Dimethylpiperazine



Addocat 117 is an excellent co-catalyst for all polyurethane systems.
Addocat 117 is 1,4-dimethylpiperazine.
Addocat 117 acts as a co-catalyst for polyurethanes, especially for low odour polyester flexible slabstock foam.


Dosage of Addocat 117 should be between 0.1 and 0.5 p.b.w.
Addocat 117 to 100 p.b.w. polyester polyol.
Addocat 117 has a shelf life of 12 months.


Addocat 117 is a colorless to light yellow liquid, soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is weakly alkaline.
Addocat 117 is an excellent co-catalyst for all polyurethane systems.
Addocat 117 is especially suited to be used as co-catalyst for the reduced odor catalysis of flexible polyester slabstock in combination with urea, Addocat DMEA and Addocat SO.


Addocat 117 is a polyurethane catalyst based on a tertiary amine based i=on N,N-dimethyl piperazine (DMP).
Addocat 117 activates the gelling (cross linking) reaction for flexible polyurethane foams.
Addocat 117 is particularly suitable as a co-catalyst for low odor polyester polyurethane flexible slabstock foam.


Addocat 117 is an excellent co-catalyst for all polyurethane systems.
Addocat 117 is especially suited to be used as co-catalyst for the reduced odour catalysis of flexible polyester slabstock in combination with urea, Addocat DMEA and Addocat SO.


Dosage of Addocat 117 should be between 0.1 and 0.5 p.b.w.
Addocat 117 to 100 p.b.w. polyester polyol.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT 117:
Addocat 117 can be used as a foaming/gelling balanced catalyst for polyurethane.
Addocat 117 can be used in polyurethane soft foam, polyurethane rigid foam, coatings, adhesives, etc.
Addocat 117 is beneficial to foam cell opening.


Addocat 117 can also be used in other intermediates such as pharmaceutical intermediates.
Addocat 117 is used polymer auxiliaries.
Addocat 117 is used ester foams.


Addocat 117 can also be used as pharmaceutical intermediates and other intermediates.
Addocat 117 is especially suited to be used as co-catalyst for the reduced odor catalysis of flexible polyester slabstock in combination with urea, Addocat DMEA and Addocat SO.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ADDOCAT 117:
Addocat 117 is a colorless to light yellow liquid, soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is weakly alkaline.



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT 117:
Co-catalyst for polyurethanes, specially for low odor polyester flexible slabstock foam.



STORAGE STABILITY OF ADDOCAT 117:
When Addocat 117 is stored in firmly closed original containers at about 20 °C, a shelf life of 6 months can be ex pected.
Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 30 °C may discolour the product, even in closed containers.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT 117:
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: 1,4-dimethylpiperazine
Physical Form: Liquid
Appearance: Colorless to yellowish liquid
Density at 20 °C: Approx. 0.85 g/cm³
Initial Boiling Point: 130-133 °C
Solidification Point: Approx. -1 °C
Flash Point (TCC): 22 °C
Viscosity at 25 °C: Approx. 1 mPa.s
Miscibility with Water: Unlimited
Water Content: Max. 0.5 %
Substance Content: Min. 98.0 %



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT 117:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT 117:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT 117:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT 117:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT 117:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT 117:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat 118 is suitable for the production of rigid polyurethane foams, especially for 1K and 2K cartridge systems.
Addocat 118 is an amine based catalyst that is also known as dimorpholino-diethyl ether.


CAS Number: 6425-39-4
EC Number: 229-194-7
Product Type: Polyurethane-Amine
Molecular formula: C12H24N2O3



SYNONYMS:
DMDEE, Bis(2,2-morpholinodiethyl)ether, CAS 6425-39-4, Catalyst DMDEE, Polyurethane Catalyst DMDEE, Foaming Catalyst DMDEE DMDEE, Dabco DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Lupragen DMDEE, Fodocatat DMDEE, PC Addocam N106, 118 Catalyst DMDEE, polyurethane foaming catalyst DMDEE, Nsc 28749, dimorpholine, Lupragen N106, Einecs 229-194-7, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Lupragen N106 (DMDEE), Dimorpholinodiethylether, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Di(morpholinylethyl) ether



Addocat 118 is an amine based catalyst that is also known as dimorpholino-diethyl ether.
Addocat 118 can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing.
Addocat 118 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Addocat 118 is a polyurethane catalyst based on a tertiary amine based on 2,2-dimorpholinyl-diethylether.
Addocat 118 is suitable for the production of rigid polyurethane foams, especially for 1K and 2K cartridge systems.


Addocat 118 improves storage conditions in these formulations.
While Addocat 118 is a good product, it is TRiiSO's opinion that we can supply much better options from Tosoh.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT 118:
Addocat 118 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Addocat 118 is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and polymers.


Other release to the environment of Addocat 118 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of Addocat 118 can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).


Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of Addocat 118 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Addocat 118 is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and building & construction work.
Addocat 118 is used for the manufacture of: furniture.


Release to the environment of Addocat 118 can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Addocat 118 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Addocat 118 is used catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.
Addocat 118 is used good blowing catalyst that does not cause cross-linking.
Use of the Substance/Mixture of Addocat 118: Additives for use in the production of polyurethanes


Addocat 118 is suitable for water curing system, it is a strong foaming catalyst, because the resistance effect of amino group in place can extend the storage time of NCO component, suitable for NCO catalytic reaction and water in TDI, MDI, IPDI and other systems.
Addocat 118 is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam system.


Addocat 118 can also be used in polyether-type and polyester-type polyurethane soft foam.
Addocat 118 can also be used in polyether-type and polyester-type foam type polyurethane soft foam, semi-hard foam, CASE materials, etc.
The added amount of Addocat 118 is 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.


Addocat 118 is an amine catalyst suitable for preservation systems.
Addocat 118 is primarily used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, but can also be used in polyether-type and polyester-type polyurethane flexible foams, semi-rigid foams and CASE materials.


Addocat 118 is used as a catalyst (or hardener) in one-component polyurethane systems (eg, one-component polyurethane sealant, one-component polyurethane foam adhesive, one-component polyurethane jointing material, etc.).
Since single-component polyurethane prepolymers require long-term storage stability, Addocat 118 plays a key role in the stabilization and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymers, which also places very high demands on the quality of Addocat 118 products.


Addocat 118 is used as a catalyst (or hardener) in one-component polyurethane systems (e.g. one-component polyurethane caulk, one-component polyurethane foam adhesives, one-component polyurethane grouting materials, etc.).
Because one-component polyurethane prepolymers require long-term storage stability, Addocat 118 plays a key role in the stabilization and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymers, which also places very high demands on the quality of bismorpholine diethyl ether products.


Addocat 118 is suitable for water drying system, it is a strong foam catalyst, due to the resistance effect of the amino group site.
Addocat 118 can extend the storage period of the NCO component, suitable for the catalytic reaction of the NCO and water in TDI, MDI, IPDI and other systems.


Addocat 118 is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam system.
Addocat 118 can also be used in polyether and polyester type soft polyurethane foam.
Addocat 118 can also be used in polyether and polyester-type polyurethane soft foam , semi-rigid foam, CASE materials, etc.


The added amount of Addocat 118 is 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
Addocat 118 is a suitable amine catalyst for curing systems.
Addocat 118 is a strong foam catalyst, which can make NCO-containing components have a long shelf life due to the blocking effect of the amine site.


Addocat 118 is primarily used in rigid one-component polyurethane foam systems, but can also be used in flexible polyether and polyester type polyurethane foams, semi-rigid foams and CASE materials.
Addocat 118 is a strong foaming catalyst that can make the NCO-containing component have a long shelf life due to the site-blocking effect of the amine.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT 118:
Molecular formula: C12H24N2O3
Relative molecular mass: 244.0
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Physical and chemical properties:
Bimorpholinodiethyl ether Appearance Colorless to light yellow liquid,
soluble in water.
Typical indices of physical property are:
Viscosity (25℃): 18mPa-s.
Relative density (25℃): 1.06;
Boiling point: greater than 225°C;
Melting point: less than -28°C;

Flash point (TCC): 146°C;
Amine value: 7.9-8.1 mmol/g.
CBNumber:CB9307993
Molecular Formula:C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight:244.33
MDL Number:MFCD00072740
MOL File:6425-39-4.mol
Physical State: Liquid
Storage: Store at room temperature
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 192 °C at 2 kPa
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

Vapor Pressure: 66 Pa at 20 °C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash Point: 295 °F
Storage Temperature: 2-8 °C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in Chloroform and Ethyl Acetate
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92 ± 0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Viscosity: 216.6 mm²/s
Water Solubility: 100 g/L at 20 °C
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25 °C
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4
FDA UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT 118:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT 118:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT 118:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT 118:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT 118:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT 118:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat 1221 VN turns yellow to brown on exposure to air and light, but without losing its catalytic effect.
Addocat 1221 VN allows a good start time and good cure.


Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Blend of tertiary amines with polyetherpolyol



Addocat 1221 VN is a blend of tertiary amines with polyetherpolyol.
Addocat 1221 VN acts as a catalyst for the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams and building boards.
Addocat 1221 VN is hygroscopic and should therefore be protected from humidity.


Addocat 1221 VN should be stored in closed containers at temperatures of about 20°C.
Addocat 1221 VN turns yellow to brown on exposure to air and light, but without losing its catalytic effect.
Addocat 1221 VN allows a good start time and good cure.


For PUR rigid foam the dosage is approx. 2.0 - 4.0 p.b.w.
Addocat 1221 VN has a shelf life of 6 months.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT 1221 VN:
Addocat 1221 VN is used catalyst for the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams
Addocat 1221 VN is hygroscopic and should therefore be protected from humidity.



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT 1221 VN:
Addocat 1221 VN is mainly used for the continuous production of rigid slabstock foams and building boards.
Addocat 1221 VN allows a good start time and good cure.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT 1221 VN:
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Blend of tertiary amines with polyetherpolyol
Physical Form: Liquid



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT 1221 VN:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT 1221 VN:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT 1221 VN:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT 1221 VN:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT 1221 VN:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT 1221 VN:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat 1926 acts as a catalyst for the production of rigid polyurethane foams.


Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Mixture of a tertiary amine and a polyol



SYNONYMS:
ADDOCAT 1926, Desmorapid trial product PU 1926, Tertiary amine in polyether polyol



Addocat 1926 is a mixture of a tertiary amine and a polyol.
Addocat 1926 acts as a catalyst for the production of rigid polyurethane foams.


Addocat 1926 is hygroscopic and should therefore be protected from air humidity.
As Addocat 1926 contains only 50 % of active ingredient, it must be used at dosages of 2 - 6 p.b.w., calculated on 100 p.b.w. polyether polyol.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT 1926:
Addocat 1926 is used continuous and discontinuous production of foam sheets and sandwich panels.
Addocat 1926 is used dscontinuous heat/cold insulation of piping and refrigeration equipment.


Addocat 1926 is used on-site casting.
Applications of Addocat 1926 include discontinuous production of foam sheets and sandwich panels, discontinuous heat/cold insulation of piping and refrigeration equipment, on-site casting.


Addocat 1926 has a shelf life of minimum six months.
Addocat 1926 is used Polymer auxiliaries, Housing for Electric and Electronics, In-situ foams, Construction material, Slabstock, Pipe insulation, and Body for electrical equipment.


Addocat 1926 catalyses the gas formation and crosslinking reactions and is used exclusively for rigid polyurethane foam systems.
As the product contains only 50% of active ingredient, Addocat 1926 must be used at dosages of 2 - 6 p.b.w. , calculated on 100 p.b.w. polyether polyol.
Addocat 1926 is particularly suitable for simple, yet accurate metering units as well as for automatic metering.



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT 1926:
Catalyst for the production of rigid polyurethane foams.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT 1926:
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Mixture of a tertiary amine and a polyol
Physical Form: Liquid



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT 1926:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT 1926:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT 1926:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT 1926:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT 1926:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT 1926:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat 201 is a polyurethane catalyst based on an organometal compound, specifically Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL).
Addocat 201 strongly activates the gelling (crosslinking) reaction in rigid polyurethane foams, elastomers and coatings.


CAS Number: 77-58-7
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Dibutyl tin dilaurate
Molecular Formula: (C4H9)2Sn(OOCC11H23)2



SYNONYMS:
Dibutyltin dilaurate, DBDLO, Dibutyltin dilaurate, Dibutyltin laurat, DBTL, MCT12, dibutyltin dilaurate , polyurethane catalyst T-12, organotin catalyst T12, organotin -T12 , catalyst T-12, Dabco T-12, Niax D-22, Kosmos 19, PC CAT T-12, Addocat 201 , organotin T-12 , dibutyltin dilaurate, organotin stabilizer, Foreign name: T-12



Addocat 201 catalyses the crosslinking reaction strongly.
Addocat 201 is a yellow liquid whose main ingredient is Dibutyl Tin Dilaurate, used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes such as PU paint, hard foams, soft foams, insulating foam sheets, elastic foam.


Addocat 201 is dibutyl tin dilaurate.
Addocat 201 acts as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes, e.g. integral skin foams, rigid spray foam, cold-curing cast elastomers etc.
Addocat 201 considerably reduces the cure time.


Addocat 201 has a shelf life of 12 months.
Addocat 201 meets US Food and Drug Administration requirements for use in certain siloxanes.
Addocat 201 is a polyurethane catalyst based on an organometal compound, specifically Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL).
Addocat 201 strongly activates the gelling (crosslinking) reaction in rigid polyurethane foams, elastomers and coatings.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT 201:
Addocat 201 is used additives for use in the production of polyurethanes
Addocat 201 is a catalyst intended for various applications.
Addocat 201 considerably reduces the cure time.


Addocat 201 can be used either individually or in combination with standard amine co-catalysts.
Addocat 201 is used in polyurethane systems (one- and two-component adhesive systems and sealants, in PU elastomers), in the production of silicone and silane-based sealants, as well as polyolefin-modified silane-based sealants.


Addocat 201 catalyses the crosslinking reaction strongly.
Integral skin foam (flexible and semi-rigid): In the production of integral skin foam Addocat 201 is used at 0.02 - 0.1 p.b.w. in addition to tertiary amines, such as Addocat 105 , of which the proportion used is 1.0 - 2.0 p.b.w. on 100 p.b.w. polyol.


-Rigid spray foam uses of Addocat 201:
Addocat 201 is used at 0.2 - 0.4 p.b.w. on 100 p.b.w. polyol
together with 0.5 - 2.0 p.b.w. tertiary amine, e.g.
Addocat 726 b and/or triethylamine, to accelerate the cure of rigid spray foam systems.


-Cold-curing cast elastomers uses of Addocat 201:
Addocat 201 is a highly effective catalyst for cold-curing cast
elastomers.
Even small additions (0.02 - 0.1 p.b.w. on 100 p.b.w. polyol)
greatly reduce the cure time (demoulding time).



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT 201:
Catalyst for the production of polyurethanes, e.g. integral skin foams, rigid spray foam, cold-curing cast elastomers etc.



CHARACTERISTICS OF ADDOCAT 201:
When using Addocat 201, the curing speed will occur faster and the cross-linking reaction will be stronger.

*hard foam and soft foam (Integral skin foam)
For this type of foam, Addocat 201 is used at a rate of 0.02 - 0.1 percent by weight for polyols, in addition, people also use quaternary amines such as Addocat 105 at a rate of 1.0 - 2.0 percent.
Addocat 201 has the effect of reducing curing time.


*Insulation foam panels (Spray foam)
For this type of foam, the ratio of Addocat 201 used is 0.2 - 0.4 percent by weight for polyol along with 0.5 - 2% quaternary amine such as Addocat 726 b and (or) triethylamine to increase curing ability of this spray foam system.


*Elastic molded foam system
Addocat 201 is very effective for elastic molding foam systems.
Just a small amount of 0.02 - 0.1 percent by weight of polyol can significantly reduce curing time.

Addocat 201 is a polyurethane catalyst based on an organometal compound, specifically Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL).
Addocat 201 strongly activates the gelling (crosslinking) reaction in rigid polyurethane foams, elastomers and coatings.



KEY FEATURES OF ADDOCAT 201:
Addocat 201 is one of the standard catalysts for PUR applications, e. g. integral skin foams, rigid spray foam,
cold-curing cast elastomers etc.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT 201:
Chemical composition: dibutyl tin dilaurate
Physical form: clear yellow liquid
Density (20 °C): approx. 1.05 g/cm³
Viscosity (20 °C): approx. 50 mPa.s
Pour point: < 0 °C
Flash point: 149 °C (ASTM-D 93, DIN EN 22719)
Miscibility with water: not miscible, hydrolyses
Tin content: min. 18.3 %
Refractive index: 1.4700 ± 0.0100

Appearance: Pale yellow liquid
Freezing point: 10-15°C
Flash point: 232°C
Density (20°C): 1.03 – 1.06 g/cm³
Tin content: ≥ 17.5%
Color (Gardner): ≤ 3
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Dibutyl tin dilaurate
Physical Form: Liquid

Ingredient: Dibutyl Tin Dilaurate
External inspection: Clear yellow liquid
Density: ~ 1.05 g/cm³
Viscosity (20°C): ~ 50 mPa·s
Pouring temperature: < 0°C
Flash point: 149°C
Solubility in water: Does not dissolve
Tin content: Min 18.3%
Refractive index: 1.4700 ± 0.0100



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT 201:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT 201:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT 201:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT 201:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT 201:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT 201:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat 726 B is a polyurethane catalyst based on a tertiary amine, specifically dimethylcyclohexylamine.
Addocat 726 B is a colorless liquid with a musky ammonia odor.


CAS Number: 98-94-3
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Dimethylcyclohexylamine
Molecular Formula: C8H17N



SYNONYMS:
N,N-DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXYLAMINE, 98-94-2, N,N-Dimethylcyclohexanamine, Cyclohexyldimethylamine, Dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-Cyclohexyldimethylamine, Cyclohexanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, (Dimethylamino)cyclohexane, Dimethylaminocyclohexane, Cyclohexylamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N,N-Dimethylaminocyclohexane, N,N-Dimethyl-N-cyclohexylamine, NSC 163904, Dimethylcyclicsiloxane hydrolyzate, N,N-dimethyl-cyclohexylamine, N1H19E7HTA, DTXSID9026633, CHEBI:59022, MFCD00003844, NSC-163904, HSDB 5323, EINECS 202-715-5, UN2264, UNII-N1H19E7HTA, BRN 1919922, N, N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine, 8IA, cyclohexyl-dimethylamine, dimethyl cyclohexylamine, dimethyl cyclohexyl amin, cyclohexane, dimethylamino-, Cyclohexanamine, N-dimethyl-, cyclohexyl(dimethyl)ammonium, Cyclohexylamine, N-dimethyl-, EC 202-715-5, N,N-dimethylcyclohexyl amine, SCHEMBL15595, N-cyclohexyl-N,N-dimethylamine, DTXCID906633, CHEMBL3186662, WLN: L6TJ AN1 & 1, N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine, 99%, STR02891, Tox21_201360, NSC163904, AKOS015850797, UN 2264, CAS-98-94-2, NCGC00249031-01, NCGC00258912-01, N,N-DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB], DB-002820, D0705, NS00008221, Dimethylcyclohexylamine [UN2264], A845928, W-100060, Q25945666, F0001-2323, DMCHA, Dimethylcyclohexylamine, PC8, N,N-Dimethylcyclohexanamine, Polycat 8, DIMETHYLAMINOCYCLOHEXANE, N,N-Dimethylaminocyclohexane, Cyclohexanamine,N,N-dimethyl-, KL3, NiaxC8, Dimethylcyclohexylamine, DMCHA, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, CAS: 98-94-2, Polycat 8, Niax C-8, Catalyst PC8, Catalyst PC-8, Polyurethane Catalyst PC-8, Rigid Foam Catalyst PC-8, cyclohexyldimethylamine, DMCHA, N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine, Dimethylcyclohexylamine, N,N-Dimethyl Cyclohexylamine



Addocat 726 B is a moderately active amine catalyst with low viscosity and can be used in a wide range of hard foams.
Addocat 726 B is dimethylcyclohexylamine.
Addocat 726 B acts as a catalyst for the production of rigid polyurethane foam.


Dosage: 1-3 p.b.w., calculated on 100 p.b.w. polyol.
Addocat 726 B has a shelf life of 12 months.
Addocat 726 B is a polyurethane catalyst based on a tertiary amine, specifically dimethylcyclohexylamine.


Addocat 726 B is a balanced gelling (cross linking) and blowing catalyst used in rigid polyurethane foams.
Addocat 726 B catalyzes the gas and crosslinking reaction of rigid polyurethane systems.
Addocat 726 B is hygroscopic and must therefore be protected from atmospheric humidity.


Addocat 726 B turns yellow on exposure to air and light, but without losing its catalytic effect.
Addocat 726 B should be stored at temperatures of about 20 °C.
Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 30 °C may cause discoloration, even in closed containers.


The storage life of Addocat 726 B in firmly closed original containers is 12 months.
Addocat 726 B is a colorless liquid with a musky ammonia odor.
Addocat 726 B is less dense than water.


Addocat 726 B is a tertiary amine consisting of cyclohexane having a dimethylamino substituent.
Addocat 726 B is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


Addocat 726 B is low viscosity Amine catalyst.
Addocat 726 B is a tertiary amine consisting of cyclohexane having a dimethylamino substituent.
Addocat 726 B is a colorless liquid with a musky ammonia odor.


Addocat 726 B is water soluble.
Addocat 726 B is a low viscosity, moderately active amine catalyst for use in a wide range of rigid foams.
One of the main applications of Addocat 726 B is in formulations for insulation foams, spraying, panels, laminates, in-situ infusion and refrigeration, etc.


Addocat 726 B is also suitable for the manufacture of rigid foam furniture frames and decorative components.
Addocat 726 B Is a low viscosity of the secondary amine catalyst activity and rigid used in refrigerator, plank, spraying, the perfusion polyurethane hard foam at the scene.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT 726 B:
One of the main applications of Addocat 726 B is insulation foam, coating, plate, laminate, field pouring and refrigeration formulations.
Addocat 726 B is also suitable for the manufacture of rigid foam furniture frames and decorative parts.
Addocat 726 B is used insulation of refrigerators and foam filling of intricately shaped cavities.


Addocat 726 B is used continuous and discontinuous production of building board (foam thickness < 80 mm; also with rigid or metal facings) and of insulating panels with flexible facings (foam thickness 15-100 mm).
Addocat 726 B is used production of insulations by the layer-by-layer method.


Addocat 726 B is suitable for use in insulation of refrigerators and foam filling of intricately shaped cavities, continuous and discontinuous production of building board (foam thick-ness

Addocat 726 B is used catalyst for the production of rigid polyurethane foam
Addocat 726 B is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Release to the environment of Addocat 726 B can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.


Other release to the environment of Addocat 726 B is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Addocat 726 B can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
Addocat 726 B is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Addocat 726 B is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, mining and building & construction work.


Addocat 726 B is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, machinery and vehicles and .
Release to the environment of Addocat 726 B can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials and in the production of articles.


Other release to the environment of Addocat 726 B is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Addocat 726 B is used in the following products: polymers.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials, in the production of articles and formulation of mixtures.


Other release to the environment of Addocat 726 B is likely to occur from: indoor use, outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Addocat 726 B is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Addocat 726 B is used in the following areas: mining and building & construction work.
Addocat 726 B is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, machinery and vehicles and furniture.


Release to the environment of Addocat 726 B can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, formulation in materials and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Addocat 726 B is specially used in the two components system, soluble with many kinds of rigid polyol and additive.


Other release to the environment of Addocat 726 B is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Release to the environment of Addocat 726 B can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Addocat 726 B acts as a widely used catalyst.
Applications of Addocat 726 B include all types of rigid packaging foam.


Addocat 726 B is specially used in the two components system, soluble with many kinds of rigid polyol and additive.
Addocat 726 B is stable, compatible in the blend polyols.
Addocat 726 B is stable, compatible in the blend polyols.


Addocat 726 B is used for refrigerator,freezer,continuous panel,discontinuous panel,block foam,pour foam etc.
Addocat 726 B has been used as switchable hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) for the extraction of lipids from freeze-dried samples of Botryococcus braunii microalgae for biofuel production


Addocat 726 B on the gel and foam has a catalytic role, the rigid foam and gel reaction provides a balanced catalytic properties, properties of water and the reaction of isocyanate (foam) catalytic stronger, at the same time of polyols and isocyanates are moderate catalytic reaction, he is a strong initial catalyst foam reaction.


Addocat 726 B is used as catalyst in three-component organocatalyzed Strecker reaction on water
Except for hard bubble, Addocat 726 B can also be used for molding the soft, half hard bubble auxiliary catalysts, etc.
Addocat 726 B is used in polyurethane plastics and textiles and as a chemical intermediate.


-The curing temperature of baking finishes comprising polyurethane-forming substances can be reduced by 50 – 80 ℃ by adding weakly acidic derivatives of N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine.

Like pyridine, Addocat 726 B catalyzes certain reactions and is slightly more efficient than pyridine in the preparation of acid chlorides with thionyl chloride.
Addocat 726 B can be used as corrosion inhibitor and as an antioxidant in fuel oils.


-Industrial uses:
Addocat 726 B is used as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams.
Addocat 726 B is also used as an intermediate for rubber accelerators and dyes and in the treatment of textiles.



PROPERTIES AND USAGE OF ADDOCAT 726 B:
Addocat 726 B main purpose is as a catalyst for rigid polyurethane foams.
Addocat 726 B is a low-viscosity and medium-active amine catalyst used for refrigerators, plates, spraying, and on-site infusion of rigid polyurethane foams.

Addocat 726 B has a catalytic effect on gelation and foaming, and provides a more balanced catalytic performance for the foaming reaction and gelation reaction of rigid foam.
Addocat 726 B has a stronger catalyst for the reaction of water and isocyanate (foaming reaction), and at the same time.

The reaction of polyol feather isocyanate also has moderate catalysis.
Addocat 726 B is a strong initial catalyst for foam reaction.
In addition to hard foam, Addocat 726 B can also be used as an auxiliary foaming agent for molding soft foam and semi-rigid foam.
Addocat 726 B has stable performance in combined materials, great adjustability, and long-term storage.



PRODUCTTION METHODS OF ADDOCAT 726 B:
Addocat 726 B is manufactured either by the reaction of methyl chloride or formaldehyde and hydrogen with cyclohexylamine



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT 726 B:
Addocat 726 B catalyses the gas and crosslinking reaction of rigid polyurethane systems.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ADDOCAT 726 B:
Addocat 726 B catalyst is a strongly basic, colorless liquid tertiary amine.
Addocat 726 B has a strong ammonia smell, placed for a long time the color will gradually become darker, but will not affect its chemical activity.
Addocat 726 B is soluble in most polyols and organic solvents, but insoluble in water.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF ADDOCAT 726 B:
Addocat 726 B neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
Addocat 726 B may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT 726 B:
Chemical composition: dimethylcyclohexylamine
Physical form: clear, colourless to pale yellow liquid
Density (20 °C): approx. 0.85 g/ml
Viscosity (25 °C): approx. 2 mPa.s
Boiling range: 162 - 165 °C
Freezing point: approx. - 60 °C
Flash point: 41 °C (DIN 51755)
Miscibility with water: partially miscible
Water content: max. 0.25 %
Substance content: min. 99.0 %
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Dimethylcyclohexylamine
Physical Form: Liquid

Chemical Composition: Dimethylcyclohexylamine
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density at 25 °C: 0.849 g/mL
Boiling point: 158-159 °C (lit.)
Melting point: -60 °C
Flash point: 108 °F
Refractive index: n20/D 1.454 (lit.)
Viscosity: 1.49 mm2/s
Water Solubility: 10 g/L at 20 °C
Vapor pressure: 3.6 mm Hg at 20 °C
Storage temperature: Store below +30 °C
PH: 12 (5g/l, H2O, 20 °C)
Explosive limit: 3.6-19% (V)
Freezing point: Sensitive: Air Sensitive

BRN: 1919922
Dielectric constant: 2.86
InChIKey: SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.31 at 25 °C
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00%
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.84900 @ 25.00 °C
Solubility: Water, 1.026e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
FDA UNII: N1H19E7HTA
NIST Chemistry Reference: Cyclohexanamine, N,N-dimethyl- (98-94-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine (98-94-2)
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Dimethylcyclohexylamine
Physical Form: Liquid

Chemical Properties:
Molecular Formula: C8H17N
Molecular Weight: 127.23 g/mol
Exact Mass: 127.136099547 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 127.136099547 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.9
Topological Polar Surface Area: 3.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 72.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Identifiers:
CAS Number: 98-94-2
MDL Number: MFCD00003844
CBNumber: CB1854754

Physical Properties:
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density: 0.849 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 158-159 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -60 °C
Flash Point: 108 °F
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.454 (lit.)
Viscosity: 1.49 mm²/s
Water Solubility: 10 g/L at 20 °C
Vapor Pressure: 3.6 mm Hg at 20 °C
Storage Temperature: Store below +30 °C
pH: 12 (5 g/L, H₂O, 20 °C)

Explosive Limit: 3.6-19% (V)
Freezing Point: Sensitive: Air sensitive
BRN: 1919922
Dielectric Constant: 2.86
InChIKey: SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.31 at 25 °C
Safety and Regulatory Information:
FDA UNII: N1H19E7HTA
NIST Chemistry Reference: Cyclohexanamine, N,N-dimethyl- (98-94-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine (98-94-2)
Specific Gravity: 0.84900 @ 25.00 °C
Solubility: Water, 1.026e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT 726 B:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT 726 B:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT 726 B:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT 726 B:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT 726 B:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT 726 B:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat 9727 P is a high-efficiency sponge amine catalyst with low density (below 10 kg\\\m³), with good performance tolerance and foam stabilization effect, can replace the similar product SMP, which plays the role of amine catalyst.


Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Mixture of tertiary amines



Addocat 9727 P is a powerful catalyst for the gas reaction.
Addocat 9727 P is one of the standard catalysts for polyether flexible foam systems (0.10 - 0.15 p.b.w.)
Addocat 9727 P on 100 p.b.w. polyether polyol.


The crosslinking reaction of Addocat 9727 P is catalyzed with Addocat SO (Sn-octoate 0.1 - 0.3 p.b.w.).
Addocat 9727 P is a base catalyst which, to enable the reaction to be more carefully controlled, can be combined with mild co-catalysts, without narrowing the Sn-octoate range.


Addocat 9727 P is a mixture of tertiary amines.
Addocat 9727 P acts as a catalyst for the production of polyurethane foams, e.g. flexible slabstock foam (ether type), hot molded foam, HR foam.
Addocat 9727 P is a base catalyst which, to enable the reaction to be more carefully controlled, can be combined with mild co-catalysts, without narrowing the Sn-octoate range.


For HR foams – based on polymer polyols, for example – Addocat 9727 P can be combined with other strong amines such as Addocat108.
Addocat 9727 P has a shelf-life of 6 months.
Addocat 9727 P is a high-efficiency sponge amine catalyst with low density (below 10 kg\\\m³), with good performance tolerance and foam stabilization effect, can replace the similar product SMP, which plays the role of amine catalyst.


Addocat 9727 P has the ability to increase hardness.
When Addocat 9727 P is mixed with polyether polyol, the storage time of the mixture should not exceed 12 hours. (Use the same day)
Due to the low vapor pressure of Addocat 9727 P, the package should be closed immediately after use to prevent evaporation and deterioration.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT 9727 P:
Addocat 9727 P is used in the production of low-density flexible foam and can provide wide process widths.
Addocat 9727 P is easy to use and can be directly exchanged by customers with the same type of amine catalyst (within 10% dosage difference).


Addocat 9727 P can be directly used for dosing or pre-mixed with polyether, the mixing ratio can be 1:5 to 1:12 or less.
Addocat 9727 P acts as a catalyst for the production of polyurethane foams, e.g. flexible slabstock foam (ether type), hot molded foam, HR foam.


Addocat 9727 P is a base catalyst which, to enable the reaction to be more carefully controlled, can be combined with mild co-catalysts, without narrowing the Sn-octoate range.
For HR foams – based on polymer polyols, for example – Addocat 9727 P can be combined with other strong amines such as Addocat108.



POINTS TO USE OF ADDOCAT 9727 P:
When using Addocat 9727 P, it is recommended to pay attention to the following points:
Addocat 9727 P is recommended to be used as a separate amine catalyst.
Addocat 9727 P is recommended to replace the original amount of amine catalyst used with 1:1 and then fine-tune according to actual needs.
(Addocat 9727 P is recommended that the fine-tuning range be within 10% of the amine dose.)



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT 9727 P:
Catalyst for the production of polyurethane foams, e.g. flexible slabstock foam (ether type), hot molded foam, HR foam.




PROFILE OF ADDOCAT 9727 P:
Addocat 9727 P is an amine catalyst developed for "dichloromethane formulations" (content >20) suitable for the production of low density (less than 10 kg/m3) foam material.
Addocat 9727 P has high catalytic performance and high catalytic activity.
Compared to conventional amine catalysts, the Addocat 9727 P catalyst provides good working width and foam stabilization during the foaming process.
Compared with the same type of amine catalyst in the market, Catalyst Addocat 9727 P can increase the hardness of mushroom.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT 9727 P:
Product Type: Polymerization Initiators / Inhibitors / Catalysts > Catalysts
Chemical Composition: Mixture of tertiary amines
Physical Form: Liquid



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT 9727 P:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT 9727 P:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT 9727 P:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT 9727 P:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT 9727 P:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT 9727 P:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat DB is a moderately active gelling biased tertiary amine catalyst.
Addocat DB acts as a catalyst for the production of polyurethane foams, e.g. ester-based flexible slabstock foam and rigid foam.


CAS Number: 103-83-3
EC Number: 203-149-1
chemical composition: tertiary amine
Product Type: Polyurethane-Amine
Molecular formula: C9H13N



SYNONYMS:
Benzenemethanamine,N,N-dimethyl-, Benzylamine,N,N-dimethyl-, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, Benzyldimethylamine, Dimethylbenzylamine, N-Benzyldimethylamine, N,N-Dimethyl-N-benzylamine, BDMA,



Addocat DB is tertiary amine.
Addocat DB acts as a catalyst for the production of polyurethane foams, e.g. ester-based flexible slabstock foam and rigid foam.
Addocat DB slightly activates the crosslinking reaction.


Addocat DB has a shelf life of 12 months.
Addocat DB is a polyurethane catalyst based on a tertiary amine, specifically N,N benzyldimethylamine.
Addocat DB is also a good emulsifier for organic compounds.


Addocat DB is a moderately active gelling biased tertiary amine catalyst.
Addocat DB is a catalyst for the production of PUR foams, e. g. flexible ester slabstock foam, hot molded foam, filling foam, rigid foam as well as other PUR applications, e. g. paints and coatings.


Addocat DB is a catalyst for polyester polyurethane block soft foam, polyurethane rigid foam, polyurethane sheet and adhesive coating in polyurethane industry.
Addocat DB is a non-VOC oxygenated solvent for use as a coalescing agent in water-based coatings.
Addocat DB is a proprietary mixture of branched esters of dibasic acids.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT DB:
Addocat DB is often used as a co-catalyst and gives rigid foam a tough and slightly elastic surface, especially in polyester-polyol containing systems.
Addocat DB is used mainly in the continuous production of slab-stock foam with densities higher than 50 kg/m3, on-site casting and continuous production of building boards with flexible and rigid or metal facings.


Addocat DB is used mainly in the continuous production of slab-stock foam with densities higher than 50 kg/m³. Depending on the desired density, Zusatzmittel SM can be used simultaneously (at dosages of 1.0 - 4.0 parts by weight Zusatzmittel SM).
On-site casting: Addocat DB is used continuous production of building boards with flexible and rigid or metal facings.


Addocat DB activates the gelling reaction (cross linking) and is suitable for the production of polyester-based flexible slabstock foam and rigid polyurethane foam.
Addocat DB is a colorless to slightly yellowish, clear liquid


Addocat DB is used in rigid foam systems, activates the blowing and the crosslinking reaction of rigid foam systems.
Addocat DB is used in cold/heat insulation of refrigerators and piping.
Addocat DB is used production of building boards (sandwich panels).


Addocat DB is used in flexible ester slabston foam, it activates the blowing and the crosslinking reaction.
When processing cellular Vulkollan, Addocat DB is added to the crosslinker mixture.
Addocat DB accelerates the drying and curing of 2K PUR coatings based on aliphatic diisocyanates.


In the field of organic synthesis, Addocat DB is mainly used as a catalyst for synthesizing dehydrohalogen in organic drugs, a corrosion inhibitor, an acidic neutralizer, an accelerator for electron microscopy slicing, and the like.
Addocat DB is also used to synthesize quaternary ammonium salts to produce cationic surface active strong fungicides.


Addocat DB is mainly used to promote curing systems such as anhydrides, polyamides, and fatty amines, and accelerates product curing.
Addocat DB is widely used in epoxy resin electronic potting materials, encapsulating materials, epoxy floor coatings, and marine paints.
Addocat DB is used as a curing accelerator.


Addocat DB is also used in floor lacquers, coatings for concrete surfaces and other coatings where high performance is needed.
Addocat DB is mainly used for hard foam, which can make polyurethane foam have good pre-flowability and uniform cells.
Good adhesion between the foam and the substrate.


Addocat DB is mostly used as a co-catalyst and gives rigid foam a tough and slightly elastic surface, esp. in polyester
polyol containing systems.
Addocat DB is used flexible ester slabstock foam.


Addocat DB can be used as main catalyst for the production of flexible ester foam based mainly on TDI 65/35.
Addocat DB is used at 1.0 - 1.6 pphp, depending on the water content of the formulation (2.0 - 5.0 pphp).
Since Addocat DB is insoluble in water, it can be emulsified in a mixture of water.


-Flexible slabstock foam (ester-based):
Addocat DB is an activator for the production of flexible polyester foam based mainly on TDI 65/35.
1.0 - 1.6 parts by weight Addocat DB, calculated on 100 parts by weight polyester polyol, are used, depending on the water content of the formulation (2.0 - 5.0 parts by weight water).
Since Addocat DB is insoluble in water, it can be emulsified in a mixture of water, Dispergiermittel WM and Zusatzmittel SM.


-Rigid polyurethane foam:
Addocat DB slightly activates the crosslinking reaction.
Addocat DB is often used as a co-catalyst and gives rigid foam a tough and slightly elastic surface, especially in polyester-polyol containing systems.


-Rigid foam uses of Addocat DB:
• Continuous production of slabstock foam with densities higher than 50 kg/m³
• Continuous production of building boards with flexible and rigid or metal facings
• On-site casting



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT DB:
Catalyst for the production of polyurethane foams, e.g. ester-based flexible slabstock foam and rigid foam.



BENEFITS OF ADDOCAT DB:
*Non-VOC
*Nearly odourless
*Higher efficiency compared to typical coalescing agents
*Early block, rain, and chemical resistance
*No labelling
*Readily biodegradable



STORAGE CONDITIONS OF ADDOCAT DB:
Addocat DB is to be stored in a cool and dry place.
In firmly closed original containers at dry conditions at approx. 20°C, a shelf-life of 24 months from manufacturing date can be expected.
Prolonged Addocat DB storage, esp. at temperatures above 30 °C, may lead to discoloration even in closed containers.
This does not have a negative impact on catalytic activity.
The containers should be resealed tightly after use to prevent exposure to moisture and impurities.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT DB:
Active ingredient content min. 99.3 %
Color number max. 25 HU
Density at 20 °C approx 0.90 g/cm³
Flash point approx. 60 °C
Initial boiling point approx. 180 °C
Pour point < - 70 °C
Viscosity approx. 26 mPa·s
Water content max. 0.15 %
Molecular formula: C9H13N;
Relative molecular mass: 135.20;
CAS number: 103-83-3;

Colorless to slightly yellow transparent liquid, soluble in ethanol,
soluble in hot water, slightly soluble in cold water;
Purity ≥99%;
Moisture ≤ 0.5%;
Viscosity (25 ° C): 90 mPa.s;
Density (25 ° C): 0.897 g / cm 3;
Freezing point: -75 ° C;
Boiling range: 178-184 ° C;
Refractive index (25 ° C): 1.5011;
Flash point (TCC): 54 ° C;
Steam pressure (20 ° C): 200Pa
Product Type: Crosslinking Catalysts / Accelerators / Initiators > Amine or Nitrogen Content
Chemical Composition: Tertiary amine
Masterbatch: No



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT DB:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT DB:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT DB:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT DB:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT DB:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT DB:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat PP is a blend of tertiary amines.
Addocat PP acts as a catalyst.


CAS Number: 104-19-8;3030-47-5
Product Type: Polyurethane-Amine
Product Type: Catalysts / Accelerators / Initiators > Amines
Chemical Composition: Blend of tertiary amines


SYNONYMS:
Dabco RP205, Addocat 9727P, High Performance Amine Catalyst, Dabco Amine Catalyst, Dabco RP205 Low Density Sponge Catalyst



Addocat PP is a blend of tertiary amines.
Addocat PP acts as a catalyst.
Addocat PP's addition reduces the potlife of the finish.


To give greater convenience and accuracy of dosage.
Addocat PP's recommended dosage is 0.02 to 0.50 % calculated on the total amount of Desmodur/Desmophen.
Addocat PP has a shelf life of 12 months.


Addocat PP is a polyurethane catalyst based on a blend of tertiary amines.
Addocat PP is a catalyst for the production of PUR foams, e. g. flexible ester slabstock foam, hot molded foam, filling foam, rigid foam as well as other PUR applications, e. g. paints and coatings.


Addocat PP is a colorless to slightly yellowish, clear liquid.
Addocat PP accelerates the drying and curing of 2-component polyurethane coatings based on aliphatic diisocyanates such as e.g.
Desmodur N-types or Desmodur Z 4470 and polyols of the Desmophen series.


The addition of Addocat PP reduces the pot life of the finish.
To give greater convenience and accuracy of dosage.
The added quantity of Addocat PP is approx. 0.02 to 0.50% calculated on the total amount of Desmodur/Desmophen.
The optimum dosage of Addocat PP should be determined by trials.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT PP:
Addocat PP is used in rigid foam systems, activates the blowing and the crosslinking reaction of rigid foam systems.
Addocat PP is used cold/heat insulation of refrigerators and piping.
Addocat PP is used production of building boards (sandwich panels).


Addocat PP is used in flexible ester slab stone foam,
Addocat PP activates the blowing and the crosslinking reaction.
When processing cellular Vulkollan, Addocat PP is added to the crosslinker mixture.


Addocat PP accelerates the drying and curing of 2K PUR coatings based on aliphatic diisocyanates.
Addocat PP is used Polymer auxiliaries
Addocat PP is specifically recommended for use in polyurethane coatings based on aliphatic diisocyanates.


Addocat PP accelerates the drying and curing of 2K polyurethane coatings.
Addocat PP should be used as a 10% solution in solvents such as butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methylisobutylketone, methylethylketone or xylene.


Addocat PP acelerates the drying and curing of 2-component polyurethane coatings based on aliphatic diisocyanates such as e.g. Desmodur N-types or Desmodur Z 4470 and polyols of the Desmophen series.
Addocat PP should be used as a 10% solution in solvents such as butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methylisobutylketone, methylethylketone or xylene.



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT PP:
Catalyst for polyurethane coatings



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT PP:
Product Type: Catalysts / Accelerators / Initiators > Amines
Chemical Composition: Blend of tertiary amines
Physical Form: Liquid



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT PP:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT PP:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT PP:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT PP:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT PP:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT PP:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addocat SO is stannous (II) ethylhexanoate.
Addocat SO is a basic catalyst used in the production of polyurethane foam, room temperature curing silicone rubber, polyurethane rubber, and polyurethane coatings.


CAS Number: 301-10-0
chemical composition: stannous (II) ethylhexanoate (stannous(II)octoate)
Product Type: Crosslinking Catalysts / Accelerators / Initiators
Chemical formula C16H30O4Sn



SYNONYMS:
Stannous octoate, Stannous octoate, DABCO T-9, Kosmos 29, Addocat SO, Niax D-19, PC CAT T9, Borchi Kat 28, CAS 301-10-0, dabco t catalyst, dabco t urethane catalyst, stannous octoate D19, stannous octoate T- 9, Gel Catalyst T-9, Organotin T-9, Stannous octoate, Stannous octoate, DABCO T-9, Kosmos 29, Addocat SO, Niax D-19, PC CAT T9, Borchi Kat 28, CAS 301-10-0, dabco t catalyst, dabco t polyurethane catalyst, Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-,tin(2+) salt (2:1), Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-,tin(2+) salt, Stannous 2-ethylhexanoate, Stannous 2-ethylhexoate, Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, Tin(2+) 2-ethylhexanoate, Nuocure 28, Stannous octoate, Tin octoate, Tin dioctoate, Tin bis(2-ethylcaproate), Stannous 2-ethylcaproate, T 10 (catalyst), T 10, Tin bis(2-ethylhexanoate), T 9, Cata-Chek 860, Fascat 2003, D 19, Stanoct T 90, Dabco T 16, Stannous(II) ethylhexanoate, Stannous dioctanoate, Neostann U 28, Stannous octanoate, Stannous caprylate, Stanoct, Kosmos 29, K 29, Dabco T 9, Tegokat 129, PC CAT T 9, U 28, XY 70, HMT 9, Dabco T 10, Bis(2-ethylhexanoate) tin, NSC 75857, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid tin(2+) salt, Desmorapid SO, Kosmos K 5N, KCS 405T, S 93-5037, T-Cat 110, Niax D 19, BTN-Cat 110, Dabco DC 21, XY 70 (catalyst), Neostann E 80, Addocat SO, Kosmos 10P, Borchi Kat 28, K 5N, Reaxis C 129, Metacure T 9, Stannous iosoctanoate, B 23612, T 19, PUB 350, T 9 (catalyst), Menhover S 19, Menhover Tin S 19, S 19, A 67510, 75831-41-3, 2417629-16-2



Addocat SO is a basic catalyst used in the production of polyurethane foam, room temperature curing silicone rubber, polyurethane rubber, and polyurethane coatings.
Addocat SO is chemically unstable and easily oxidized.


Addocat SO is a white or light yellow-brown paste, sometimes called stannous octoate.
Addocat SO is soluble in petroleum ether and insoluble in water.
Addocat SO is stannous (II) ethylhexanoate.


Addocat SO acts as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes, e.g. polyether and polyester flexible slabstock foam, hot molded foam, rigid spray foam.
Addocat SO catalyzes mainly the crosslinking reaction of the polyol and isocyanates.
Recommended dosage of Addocat SO is between 0.03 and 0.5 p.b.w.


Addocat SO has a shelf life of 12 months.
Addocat SO catalyses mainly the crosslinking reaction of the polyol and isocyanate.
In the production of polyether and polyester foam Addocat SO is metered separately.


As well as having other advantages of Addocat SO, this enables equilibrium of the crosslinking and gas formation reactions to be maintained during production.
The addition of Addocat SO is normally between 0.03 and 0.5 p.b.w.


The accuracy of metering can be improved if Addocat SO is mixed with other components at a ratio suitable to the capacity of the metering pump, e.g. with polymeric plasticizers that do not affect the polyurethane reaction or with polyether polyols based on propyleneoxide, but without ethylene oxide.
The mixing ratio applicable to these examples is usually 1 : 4 or 1 : 9.


Addocat SO is a polyurethane catalyst based on an organic metal compound, specifically Stannous Octoate.
Addocat SO activates the gelling (crosslinking) reaction in polyether- and polyester-based polyurethane flexible slabstock foam, hot molded foam, rigid spray foam, 2K polyurethane coatings and other polyurethane applications.
Addocat SO is a white or of- white powder or crystlline power,odorless



USES and APPLICATIONS of ADDOCAT SO:
Addocat SO is a basic catalyst for the production of polyurethane foam plastics, mainly used in the gelling reaction during polyether-polyurethane foaming, and can also be used as an antioxidant for urethane foam plastics.
Addocat SO is used in organic synthesis.


Addocat SO is a basic catalyst used in the production of polyurethane foam, room temperature curing silicone rubber, polyurethane rubber, and polyurethane coatings.
Addocat SO is chemically unstable and easily oxidized.


As well as having other advantages of Addocat SO, this enables equilibrium of the crosslinking and gas formation reactions to be maintained during production.
The addition of Addocat SO is normally between 0.03 and 0.5 p.b.w.


The accuracy of metering can be improved if Addocat SO is mixed with other components at a ratio suitable to the capacity of the metering pump, e.g. with polymeric plasticizers that do not affect the polyurethane reaction or with polyether polyols based on propyleneoxide, but without ethylene oxide.
The mixing ratio applicable to these examples is usually 1 : 4 or 1 : 9.



SOLUBILITY OF ADDOCAT SO:
Addocat SO is very soluble in N,N-Dimethylformamide,
Addocat SO is soluble in methanol,
Addocat SO is sparingly soluble inglacial acetic acid,
Addocat SO is very slightly soluble inchloroform, Practically insoluble in water.



FUNCTION OF ADDOCAT SO:
Catalyst for the production of polyurethanes, e.g. polyether and polyester flexible slabstock foam, hot molded foam, rigid spray foam, 2 C-paints and coatings as well as other polyurethane applications.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ADDOCAT SO:
Product Type: Crosslinking Catalysts / Accelerators / Initiators
Chemical Composition: Stannous (II) ethylhexanoate
Chemical English Name: Stannous octoate
CAS Number: 301-10-0
Molecular Formula: C16H30O4Sn
Molecular Formula (Alternate): C8H16O2.1/2Sn
Molecular Weight: 405.10 g/mol
Exact Mass: 406.116608 g/mol
EC Number: 206-108-6
DSSTox ID: DTXSID1027138

HS Code: 29159000
Categories: Bulk Drug Intermediates
InChIKey: BOZRCGLDOHDZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Physical Properties:
Physical Form: Liquid
Appearance and Properties: White or yellow paste
Relative Density (water = 1): 1.251
Density: 1.251 g/cm³
Density (alternate): 1.28 g/cm³
Melting Point: 34 °C
Freezing Point: -20 °C
Boiling Point: >200 °C

Flash Point: >110 °C
Viscosity (25 °C): ≤380 MPa·s
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.492 (lit.), n20/D 1.493 (lit.)
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in petroleum ether and polyols
Water Solubility: Miscible with water
Corrosiveness: Non-corrosive
Chemical Properties:
Main Content of Stannous Metal: 28 +/- 0.50%
PSA (Polar Surface Area): 80.26000 Ų
XLogP3: 1.52460



FIRST AID MEASURES of ADDOCAT SO:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ADDOCAT SO:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ADDOCAT SO:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ADDOCAT SO:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ADDOCAT SO:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ADDOCAT SO:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Addolink 1604 is a high-performance crosslinker used in polyurethane systems for its excellent reactivity and versatility.
Addolink 1604 is characterized by its stability and efficiency in enhancing the mechanical properties of polyurethane products.
The chemical formula for Addolink 1604 is proprietary, and it is commonly used in various industrial applications due to its superior properties.

CAS Number: 68479-98-1
EC Number: 270-877-4

Synonyms: Polyurethane crosslinker, Addolink 1604, Crosslinker 1604, Addolink Polyurethane Crosslinker 1604, PU Crosslinker 1604, Polyurethane Additive 1604, Crosslinking Agent 1604, Additive 1604, PU Additive 1604, Addolink PU Crosslinker 1604



APPLICATIONS


Addolink 1604 is widely used in the formulation of polyurethane coatings, providing excellent durability and chemical resistance.
Addolink 1604 is essential in the manufacture of high-performance polyurethane adhesives.
Addolink 1604 is utilized in the production of elastomers, enhancing their mechanical properties and longevity.

Addolink 1604 is a preferred crosslinker for flexible and rigid foams due to its reactivity and efficiency.
Addolink 1604 is used in automotive coatings for its excellent adhesion and flexibility.
Addolink 1604 is found in the production of sealants and caulks, contributing to their strength and elasticity.

Addolink 1604 is used in water-based polyurethane systems for its compatibility and stability.
Addolink 1604 is a key component in solvent-based polyurethane coatings.
Addolink 1604 is used in the textile industry to improve the durability and performance of coatings on fabrics.

Addolink 1604 is employed in the production of rubber materials for its crosslinking properties.
Addolink 1604 is used in the manufacturing of synthetic fibers, enhancing their strength and resilience.
Addolink 1604 is used in the construction industry for high-performance coatings and sealants.

Addolink 1604 is used in the creation of high-performance adhesives, providing strong and durable bonds.
Addolink 1604 is a key component in the production of plastics, improving their mechanical properties.
Addolink 1604 is utilized in the formulation of industrial coatings, ensuring durability and chemical resistance.

Addolink 1604 is applied in the creation of specialty coatings for various industrial applications, ensuring durability and performance.
Addolink 1604 is used in the production of coatings for metal surfaces, providing corrosion resistance.
Addolink 1604 is essential in the creation of high-quality printing inks, enhancing adhesion and flexibility.

Addolink 1604 is used in the production of rubber products, ensuring durable and consistent performance.
Addolink 1604 is employed in the automotive industry, used in high-performance coatings and adhesives.
Addolink 1604 is utilized in the production of wood coatings, enhancing their durability and appearance.

Addolink 1604 is found in the manufacture of specialty coatings for industrial machinery.
Addolink 1604 is utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.
Addolink 1604 is a key ingredient in the production of polyurethane elastomers.

Addolink 1604 is employed in the textile industry to improve the performance of coatings on fabrics.
Addolink 1604 is used in the rubber industry for its crosslinking properties.
Addolink 1604 is essential in the production of high-performance industrial coatings.

Addolink 1604 is a vital component in water-based and solvent-based polyurethane systems.
Addolink 1604 is applied in the creation of high-performance industrial products.
Addolink 1604 is used in the formulation of household and industrial coatings.

Addolink 1604 is utilized in the production of specialty coatings for electronic devices.
Addolink 1604 is found in the creation of specialty inks for various applications.
Addolink 1604 is used in the production of ceramic and glass coatings.

Addolink 1604 is applied in the creation of coatings for plastic surfaces.
Addolink 1604 is utilized in the formulation of coatings for wood surfaces.
Addolink 1604 is essential in the production of high-performance adhesives.

Addolink 1604 is used in the formulation of coatings for automotive applications.
Addolink 1604 is utilized in the production of specialty adhesives and sealants.
Addolink 1604 is found in the manufacture of coatings for industrial machinery.

Addolink 1604 is employed in the creation of specialty coatings for various substrates.
Addolink 1604 is used in the formulation of high-performance coatings for various applications.
Addolink 1604 is a key component in the production of specialty inks for flexographic and gravure printing.

Addolink 1604 is used in the creation of specialty inks for digital printing.
Addolink 1604 is essential in the production of high-performance industrial products.
Addolink 1604 is utilized in the manufacture of environmentally friendly industrial products.

Addolink 1604 is used in the creation of water-based and solvent-based products.
Addolink 1604 is a critical ingredient in the formulation of specialty coatings for metal and plastic surfaces.



DESCRIPTION


Addolink 1604 is a high-performance crosslinker used in polyurethane systems for its excellent reactivity and versatility.
Addolink 1604 is characterized by its stability and efficiency in enhancing the mechanical properties of polyurethane products.

Addolink 1604 is a versatile chemical compound used in various polyurethane applications.
Addolink 1604 is known for its strong crosslinking properties, which improve the durability and performance of polyurethane products.
Addolink 1604 provides excellent chemical resistance, making it ideal for industrial coatings and adhesives.

Addolink 1604 is compatible with a wide range of polyurethane systems, enhancing its versatility in different formulations.
Addolink 1604 is widely used in the coatings, adhesives, elastomers, and sealants industries, among others.
Addolink 1604's non-toxic nature makes it safe for use in various industrial and consumer products.

Addolink 1604 offers excellent weather resistance, making it suitable for outdoor applications.
Addolink 1604 is known for its ease of dispersion, ensuring uniform crosslinking in various systems.
Addolink 1604 is essential in the creation of durable and high-performance polyurethane products.

Addolink 1604's strong crosslinking properties make it a preferred choice in the creation of high-quality industrial coatings.
Addolink 1604 is an important precursor in the production of high-performance adhesives and sealants.
Addolink 1604 is widely used in the manufacture of durable and resilient polyurethane products.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: Proprietary
Common Name: Addolink 1604
Molecular Structure: Proprietary
Appearance: Clear liquid
Density: 1.1 g/cm³
Viscosity: Low
Solubility: Miscible with most organic solvents
Reactivity: High
Chemical Stability: Excellent
Compatibility: Wide range of polyurethane systems
Weather Resistance: Excellent
Dispersion: Easy



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Addolink 1604 is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

Eye Contact:
Flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:
Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Addolink 1604.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb spills with inert materials (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.

Storage:
Store Addolink 1604 in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid generating aerosols or mists.
Ground and bond containers during transfer operations to prevent static electricity buildup.
Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in areas where vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Addolink 1604 at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Addolink 1604 away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Addolink 1604 to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of hazardous materials.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.