DISTEARYL ETHER. N° CAS : 6297-03-6. Nom INCI : DISTEARYL ETHER. Nom chimique : Dioctadecyl ether. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 228-567-1. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Dispersant DMA 40 IUPAC Name sodium;oxolane-2,5-dione;2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Dispersant DMA 40 InChI 1S/C8H16.C4H4O3.Na/c1-7(2)6-8(3,4)5;5-3-1-2-4(6)7-3;/h1,6H2,2-5H3;1-2H2;/q;;+1 Dispersant DMA 40 InChI Key JHBKNJSZAQSDFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dispersant DMA 40 Canonical SMILES CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C.C1CC(=O)OC1=O.[Na+] Dispersant DMA 40 Molecular Formula C12H20NaO3+ Dispersant DMA 40 CAS 37199-81-8 Dispersant DMA 40 European Community (EC) Number 609-343-6 Dispersant DMA 40 Solid Content(%+1) 40 Dispersant DMA 40 pH 5.0 - 6.0 Dispersant DMA 40 Viscosity(cps, max) 2000 Dispersant DMA 40 Chemical Composition Sodium Polycarboxylate Dispersant DMA 40 Molecular Weight 235.27 g/mol Dispersant DMA 40 Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0 Dispersant DMA 40 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 3 Dispersant DMA 40 Rotatable Bond Count 2 Dispersant DMA 40 Exact Mass 235.131014 g/mol Dispersant DMA 40 Monoisotopic Mass 235.131014 g/mol Dispersant DMA 40 Topological Polar Surface Area 43.4 Ų Dispersant DMA 40 Heavy Atom Count 16 Dispersant DMA 40 Formal Charge 1 Dispersant DMA 40 Complexity 185 Dispersant DMA 40 Isotope Atom Count 0 Dispersant DMA 40 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Dispersant DMA 40 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Dispersant DMA 40 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Dispersant DMA 40 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Dispersant DMA 40 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 3 Dispersant DMA 40 Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Dispersant DMA 40 is an APEO-free, low-foaming, highly effective liquid dispersant for pigments and extenders in aqueous systems. It is compatible with all common synthetic emulsions, creates little foam and is effective in a wide pH range. It is very favorable in case of storage stability of highly filled emulsion paints. Recommended dosage level is 0.1-0.3%. The maximum shelf life is 12 months at temperature 5-40°C.Low foaming polymeric dispersing agent for textile application.Dispersant DMA 40 are linear polymers with a high molecular mass (Mr ≤ 100 000) and with many carboxylate groups. They are polymers of acrylic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid. The polymer is used as the sodium salt (see: sodium polyacrylate).Dispersant DMA 40 are used as builders in detergents.[2] Their high chelating power, even at low concentrations, reduces deposits on the laundry and inhibits the crystal growth of calcite.Dispersant DMA 40 ethers (PCE) are used as superplasticizers in concrete production.Dispersant DMA 40 are poorly biodegradable but have a low ecotoxicity. In the sewage treatment plant, the polymer remains largely in the sludge and is separated from the wastewater.Polyamino acids like polyaspartic acid and polyglutamic acid have better biodegradability but lower chelating performance than polyacrylates. They are also less stable towards heat and alkali. Since they contain nitrogen, they contribute to eutrophication.Water-soluble linear Dispersant DMA 40 are used in household cleaning products, e.g. in laundry detergents, automatic dishwashing detergents and various hard surface-cleaning formulations, and also in institutional and industrial cleaning processes and a variety of technical applications.Dispersant DMA 40 are used in low-phosphate and phosphate-free detergents for avoiding incrustation and soil redeposition. Their effect is not based on complexing properties and therefore not comparable with typical chelating agents. The mechanism is the dispersion of calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate and the suspended solids during washing processes. Major Dispersant DMA 40 used in detergents products comprise two different types of polymer families which distinguish in their technical applications and physical chemical properties: homopolymers of acrylic acid (P-AA) which is described in part I and copolymers of acrylic/maleic acid (P-AA/MA) which is described in part II of the report.The main pathway of Dispersant DMA 40 into the environment is via domestic waste water and sewage treatment to surface waters.Thus, the removal of Dispersant DMA 40 from waste water before and during waste water treatment is the crucial factor that governs the distribution of Dispersant DMA 40 into the environment.The outcome of this current environmental assessment provides a sound basis for the conclusion that the use of Dispersant DMA 40 homopolymers in detergent products does not pose risk to the environment.Scenarios relevant to the consumer exposure to Dispersant DMA 40 have been identified and assessed using a Margin of Safety approach.Dispersant DMA 40 are of low toxicity by all exposure routes examined.Based upon the available data, it is considered that exposure to Dispersant DMA 40 does not imply any particular hazard to humans.Owing to the presence of Dispersant DMA 40 in many commonly used household detergents, consumers are exposed to Dispersant DMA 40 mainly via the dermal route, but also to a minor extent via the oral and inhalation route.In summary, based on the available data, the human risk assessment considers the use of Dispersant DMA 40 in household laundry products and automatic dishwashing detergents as safe and of no concern with regard to consumer use.Important Dispersant DMA 40 in detergents are homopolymers of acrylic acid which are generally used as sodium salts.The various Dispersant DMA 40 are distinguished by the monomers used for their preparation, acrylic acid (AA) and their molecular weight (MW).Dispersant DMA 40 used in detergents are generally prepared by free-radical polymerisation of acrylic acid in aqueous solution.Dispersant DMA 40 are very stable compounds as the carboxyl part of the molecule is the only functional group.Abiotic degradation mechanisms like photolytic and hydrolytic processes do not significantly influence the environmental fate of Dispersant DMA 40.Experimental data on the bioaccumulation potential of Dispersant DMA 40 are not available.Dispersant DMA 40 are used in low-phosphate and phosphate-free detergents for avoiding incrustation and soil redeposition.Dispersant DMA 40 are usually not contained in manual dishwashing detergents.A typical mean concentration of Dispersant DMA 40 is 0.5 % for P-AA in laundry detergents. The contact time with the Dispersant DMA 40 in the course of handwashing is, according to A.I.S.E., very short (approx. 10 min) and the percutaneous absorption of high molecular weight polymers will be very low to non existant.In the following calculations the worst case assumption has been made that 1% of the Dispersant DMA 40 are available for percutaneous absorption.Assuming a fluid film thickness of 100 µm (0.1 mm or 0.01 cm) (Vermeire, 1993) on the skin and, as a worst case assumption, a percutaneous absorption of 1% for Dispersant DMA 40 in 24 h exposure time, the following amount of Dispersant DMA 40 absorbed via skin can be calculated.Thus, the systemic exposure of Dispersant DMA 40 resulting from this scenario is also considered to be negligible.Dispersant DMA 40, despite their solubility in water, are deposited in solid form and thus as a first rough estimation, the small amount of Dispersant DMA 40 absorbed via this route should be insignificant.Accidental or intentional overexposure to Dispersant DMA 40 may occur via laundry detergents. We know no fatal cases arising from oral uptake of Dispersant DMA 40.The accidental or intentional overexposure to Dispersant DMA 40 directly is not considered a likely occurrence for consumers, but it may occur via laundry detergents.Accidental ingestion of milligrams of Dispersant DMA 40 as a consequence of accidental ingestion of laundry and cleaning products is not expected to result in any significant adverse health effects, given the low toxicity profile of laundry and cleaning products in general.Accidental contact of Dispersant DMA 40 with the eyes is not expected to cause more than a slight irritation on the basis of the experimental data.Data on developmental toxicity demonstrate that Dispersant DMA 40 are not developmentally toxic in rats.In summary, based on the available data, the human risk assessment considers the use of Dispersant DMA 40 in household laundry products and automatic dishwashing detergents as safe and of no concern with regard to consumer use.

DESCRIPTION:

Dispex Ultra FA 4430 (formerly Lumiten N-OC 30) is a nonionic surfactant used to improve the storage stability of emulsion paints and their compatibility with cement and lime.

Dispex Ultra FA 4430 has chemical nature ethoxylate of a fatty alcohol in water

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DISPEX ULTRA FA 4430:
Physical form: liquid
Shelf life: subject to appropriate storage under the usual storage and temperature conditions, our product is durable for at least 6 months.
Typical properties:
• pH value (DIN EN 1162): ~ 6.5
• color (Hazen, DIN EN 1557): ~ 100
• water (DIN 51777): ~ 70%


APPLICATION OF DISPEX ULTRA FA 4430:
Dispex Ultra FA 4430 is a nonionic surfactant used to improve the storage stability of emulsion paints and their compatibility with cement and lime.
It can be used in interior paints, exterior paints and textured finishes.
Dispex Ultra FA 4430 offers performance highlights such as:
• excellent improvement of compatibility with cement and lime
• improvement of storage stability
• easier cleaning of equipment

Recommended concentrations: An addition level of about 0.3% - 1.0% in relation to the final formulation is recommended.
Storage: A cloudiness or precipitation can appear during storage at temperatures lower than 20°C. This effect is reversible at temperatures higher than 25°C.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DISPEX ULTRA FA 4430:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

DESCRIPTION:

Disponil AES 25 is a primary emulsifier for emulsion polymerization.
Disponil AES 25 is an alkyl aryl polyglycol ether sulphate, sodium salt.
Disponil AES 25 complies with BfR and FDA food contact applications.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DISPONIL AES 25:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

DESCRIPTION:

Disponil ODSLS is one of the ingredients that is listed on the shampoo bottle.
Disponil ODSLS is found in many cleaning and beauty products.
Disponil ODSLS lowers the surface tension between ingredients, which is why it’s used as a cleansing and foaming agent.



CAS NUMBER: 151-21-3

EC NUMBER: 277-362-3

MOLECULAR FORMULA: CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 288.38



DESCRIPTION:

Most concerns about Disponil ODSLS stem from the fact that it can be found in beauty and self-care products as well as in household cleaners.
Disponil ODSLS is a surfactant with a similar chemical formula.
Disponil ODSLS is milder and less irritating than SLS.
Disponil ODSLS is a commonly used ingredient mainly in cosmetics and detergents.
From a chemical point of view, Disponil ODSLS belongs to anionic surfactants.

Disponil ODSLS is a sodium salt of lauryl sulfuric acid.
The common name of this compound is sodium lauryl alcohol sulfate.
Disponil ODSLS is an anionic detergent and surfactant found in many personal care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste, etc.) and for industrial uses.
Disponil ODSLS is an inexpensive and very effective foaming agent.
Disponil ODSLS is used in many cosmetic products for their cleaning and emulsifying properties.

Disponil ODSLS is derived from palm kernel oil or coconut oil.
In herbicides, Disponil ODSLS is used as a surfactant to improve absorption of the herbicidal chemicals and reduces time the product takes to be rainfast, when enough of the herbicidal agent will be absorbed.
Disponil ODSLS's chemical formula is CH3(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)nOSO3Na.
Disponil ODSLS is heterogeneous in the number of ethoxyl groups, where n is the mean.

Disponil ODSLS is the most common one in commercial products.
Disponil ODSLS is very similar to Disponil ODSLS (SLS) in terms of physical and chemical properties and application in cosmetic and detergent products.
The main difference is in the production process of these compounds: in case of Disponil ODSLS lauryl alcohol is only sulphated with SO3 and neutralized with NaOH, while in case of Disponil ODSLS it is first ethoxylated and only then sulphated and neutralized. Oxyethylation, commonly known as ethoxylation is a process in which ethylene oxide is attached.

This process is critical as it makes Disponil ODSLS less irritating to the skin than SLS.
Both of these compounds are perceived on the market as the main factors causing severe skin irritation.
This is not entirely true, because it is possible to develop really mild formulations with SLS or SLES.
However, this requires a thorough knowledge of surfactants, their specific properties, and especially their behaviour in the presence of other surfactants.
Surfactants are specific chemical compounds that behave completely differently when alone than if combined with other ingredients.
And yet cosmetic formulations contain lots of various ingredients.

Disponil ODSLS turns out that the addition of Cocamidopropyl Betaine to a formulation containing Disponil ODSLS greatly reduces its irritating potential.
Disponil ODSLS is also very important to select the appropriate concentrations of individual components.
There is a visible trend on the market to eliminate Disponil ODSLS from cosmetics.
However, this is not possible, as products containing Disponil ODSLS still constitute the largest part of the flushable cosmetics market.
Disponil ODSLS is an anionic surfactant naturally derived from coconut and/or palm kernel oil.

Disponil ODSLS usually consists of a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl.
Disponil ODSLS lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions and is used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, and detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes.
Disponil ODSLS is also used in creams and pastes to properly disperse the ingredients and as research tool in protein biochemistry.
Disponil ODSLS also has some microbicidal activity.

Disponil ODSLS has very good washing, foaming, emulsifying and thickening properties in the presence of salt (NaCl).
These are the best anionic surfactants in terms of properties and so far not as effective and at the same time economically viable alternative has been found.
Disponil ODSLS is a surfactant, which basically means it has an effect on the surfaces it touches.
Disponil ODSLS’s used in a variety of products such as food thickeners, toothpaste, and floor cleaners.
Disponil ODSLS is also a foaming agent.
Many of these products use Disponil ODSLS to give a foaming action during the cleaning process.

Disponil ODSLS works as a surfactant, trapping oil and dirt in hair so it can be rinsed away with water.
Disponil ODSLS can help create a rich lather in products like body and hand wash, facial cleansers and bubble bath.
Disponil ODSLS also helps create the foaming action in toothpaste and helps remove food particles from teeth.
Disponil ODSLS is an effective surfactant used in household cleaning products to help remove oily stains and residues.
Because of its ability to break down oil and grease, SLS also is an ingredient in engine degreasers and industrial strength detergents.

As a food additive, Disponil ODSLS is used as an emulsifier or thickener and it helps acids mix better with liquids in fruit juices and punches, for example.
Multiple scientific bodies have reviewed Disponil ODSLS as an ingredient in personal care and cleaning products and determined its typical use in these applications to be safe for consumers and the environment.
Disponil ODSLS is used as an emulsifier or thickener.
For example, Disponil ODSLS helps make marshmallows and dried egg products light and fluffy.

Disponil ODSLS also helps acids mix better with liquids, for example in fruit juices and punches.
Disponil ODSLS is white (yellowish) commonly used in detergents and textile industry.
This bubbly froth-producing surfactant is derived naturally from coconut oil or palm kernel oil and is known for its widespread application in manufacturing cleansers, detergents, and cosmetics. Soluble in water, with anionic and non-ionic complex compatibility is good, good emulsification, foaming, osmosis, decontamination and dispersion properties, are widely used in toothpaste, shampoo, shampoo, shampoo, detergent, liquid washing, cosmetics and plastic mold release, lubrication and pharmaceutical, paper making, building materials, chemical industry, etc.



APPLICATION:

-hair shampoos,
-shower gels,
-bubble bath liquids,
-liquid hand soaps,
-shaving cosmetics,
-industrial detergents for washing and cleaning,
-professional car cosmetics.



PRODUCTION:

Disponil ODSLS is prepared by ethoxylation of dodecyl alcohol, which is produced industrially from palm kernel oil or coconut oil.
The resulting ethoxylate is converted to a half ester of sulfuric acid, which is neutralized by conversion to the sodium salt.
The related surfactant Disponil ODSLS is produced similarly, but without the ethoxylation step.
Disponil ODSLS is commonly used alternatives to SLS in consumer products.



CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES:

-Anionic surfactant (negatively charged).
-Consists of an alkyl moiety containing 12-14 atoms of carbon (non-polar part) and a sulfate moiety (polar part).
-The non-polar part in Disponil ODSLS has affinity to non-polar compounds, while the polar part is hydrophilic and most often binds with water molecules.
-Disponil ODSLS is a product of natural origin. According to ISO 16128, it contains 100% of renewable carbon.
-Disponil ODSLS is produced by reaction of lauryl alcohol, sulfur trioxide and sodium hydroxide.
-Disponil ODSLS can be derived from coconut oil (CNO) or palm kernel oil (PKO).
-Disponil ODSLS is available as an approx. 30% aqueous solution or as a powder/granules with an active ingredient content of approximately 95%.
-The concentration of Disponil ODSLS in consumer products varies by product and manufacturer, but is typically between 0.01% and 50% for cosmetic products and 1% to 30% for cleaning agents.
-Colour from colourless to light yellow.
-Tends to crystallize at low temperatures.
-Relatively cheap and readily available surfactant.



PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 288.38
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
-Rotatable Bond Count: 12
-Exact Mass: 288.13712473
-Monoisotopic Mass: 288.13712473
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.8 Ų
-Heavy Atom Count: 18
-Complexity: 249
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



STORAGE:

Store in an area without drain or sewer access.



SYNONYM:

Sodium laurly sulfate
151-21-3
Disponil ODSLS
Sodium dodecylsulfate
Sodium lauryl sulphate
Sodium dodecyl sulphate
Dodecyl sodium sulfate
Neutrazyme
Sodium n-dodecyl sulfate
Irium
Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt
Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt
Dodecyl sulfate, sodium salt
Anticerumen
Duponal
Duponol
Gardinol
Sodium monododecyl sulfate
Dreft
Aquarex methyl
Duponol methyl
Solsol needles
Stepanol methyl
Duponol waqa
Stepanol wac
Stepanol waq
Duponol qx
Richonol af
Perlandrol L
Perlankrol L
Sipex sd
Sipex sd
Standapol wa-ac
Stepanol me dry
Duponol Me
Richonol A
Richonol C
Sintapon L
Duponol C
Maprofix LK
Standapol WAQ
Stepanol ME
Stepanol WA
Akyposal SDS
Carsonol SLS
Maprobix NEU
Maprofix NEU
Maprofix WAC
Aquarex ME
Dupanol WAQ
Duponol QC
Duponol WA
Duponol WA dry
Duponol WAQ
Empicol LPZ
Hexamol SLS
Melanol CL
Duponal WAQE
Duponol WAQE
Duponol WAQM
Sterling wa paste
Conco sulfate WA
Conco sulfate WN
Nikkol SLS
Orvus WA Paste
Sipex OP
Sipex SP
Sipex UB
Sipon LS
Sipon PD
Sipon WD
Detergent 66
Montopol La Paste
Sipon LSB
Maprofix WAC-LA
Sterling WAQ-CHCycloryl 21
Cycloryl 31Stepanol WA Paste
Conco Sulfate WAG
Conco Sulfate WAN
Conco Sulfate WA
Quolac EX-UB
Odoripon Al 95
sodiumdodecylsulfate
Avirol 118 conc
Cycloryl 580
Cycloryl 585N
Lauyl sodium sulfate
Maprofix 563
Sinnopon LS 95
Stepanol T 28
Sodium laurilsulfate
Steinapol NLS 90
Empicol LS 30
Empicol LX 28
Lauryl sodium sulfate
Melanol CL 30
NALSRewopol NLS 30
Standapol waq special
Standapol was 100
Sinnopon LS 100
Stepanol WA-100
Carsonol SLS Special
Standapol 112 conc
Stepanol ME Dry AW
Avirol 101
Emersal 6400
Monogen Y 100
Carsonol SLS Paste B
sodium;dodecyl sulfate
Stepanol methyl dry aw
Berol 452
Emal 10
EMAL O
Sipon LS 100
n-Dodecyl sulfate sodium
Sodium monolauryl sulfate
Monododecyl sodium sulfate
Sodiumlauryl ether sulfate
Lauryl sulfate sodium salt
Conco sulfate WA-120
Conco sulfate WA-1245
Dehydag sulfate GL emulsion
MFCD00036175
Emulsifier no. 104
Texapon k 12 p
CHEBI:8984
P and G Emulsifier 104
Disponil ODSLS ether
SLS
Sodium Laurylsulfate
NSC-402488
Texapon K 1296
NCI-C50191
Laurylsulfuric Acid Sodium Salt
Dodecyl alcohol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt
Dodecylsulfuric Acid Sodium Salt
DTXSID1026031
Disponil ODSLS, synthetic
Finasol osr2
Incronol SLS
Natriumlaurylsulfat
368GB5141J
NCGC00091020-03
E487
Jordanol SL-300
Finasol osr(sub 2)
Dodecyl sulfate sodium
Monagen Y 100
Perklankrol ESD 60
Caswell No. 779
Natrium laurylsulfuricum
12738-53-3
12765-21-8
1334-67-4
Laurylsiran sodny
Lauryl sulfate, sodium salt
Dehydrag sulfate gl emulsion
DTXCID906031
Dehydag sulphate GL emulsion
Laurylsiran sodny
Rhodapon UB
Disponil ODSLS 30%
CAS-151-21-3
CCRIS 6272
Lauryl sulfate sodium

HSDB 1315
Disponil ODSLS, dental grade
EINECS 205-788-1
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079011
NSC 402488
CP 75424
Empicol
AI3-00356
UNII-368GB5141J
sodiumlauryl sulfate
sodium dodecylsulphate
Sodium dedecyl sulfate
Sodium-dodecyl-S-SDS
IPC-SDS
sodium n-dodecyl sulphate
Disponil ODSLS NF
SDS (20% Solution)
sodium monododecyl sulphate
lauryl sulphate sodium salt
EC 205-788-1
dodecyl sulphate sodium salt
SCHEMBL1102
Disponil ODSLS, SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)
Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt (1:1)
CHEMBL23393
sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds)
dodecyl sulfuric acid sodium salt
Dodecyl sulphuric acid sodium sal
Disponil ODSLS (JP17/NF)
Disponil ODSLS [II]
Disponil ODSLS [MI]
BCP30594
CS-B1770
Disponil ODSLS [FCC]
Disponil ODSLS
Tox21_111059
Tox21_201614
Tox21_300149
BDBM50530482
SODIUM LAURILSULFATE
Disponil ODSLS
Disponil ODSLS
Disponil ODSLS
AKOS015897278
AKOS025147308
Tox21_111059_1
DB00815
Dodecyl sulfuric acid ester sodium salt
Disponil ODSLS
Disponil ODSLS
NCGC00091020-01
NCGC00091020-02
NCGC00254225-01
NCGC00259163-01
NCGC00274082-01
AS-14730
SODIUM LAURILSULFATE
Lauryl Sulfate, Sodium Salt (25% Aq.)
SODIUM LAURILSULFATE
D1403
FT-0603358
FT-0700721
I0352
S0588
D01045
EN300-103513
F16341
S-4600
S-460
SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE BIOTECH GRD 100G
Q422241
Sodium n-dodecyl sulfate, 98%, for electrophoresis
F0001-0539
Z1365432828
Sodium dodecylsulfate;Sodium lauryl sulphate;Dodecyl sodium sulfate
Dodecyl sodium sulfate, Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt, Lauryl sulfate sodium salt, SDS, Disponil ODSLS

DISSOLVINE GL = TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE


CAS No: 51981-21-6
EC Number: 257-573-7
Chemical formula: C9H9NO8Na4
Chemical name: L-glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid, tetra sodium salt


Dissolvine GL 38% 200L is a glutamic acid, diacetic acid and tetra-sodium salt (GLDA-NA4), it's a pure product that contains no other weaker chelates as a substitute such as citrates or gluconate.
With 100% of the active content being GLDA, Dissolvine GL offers maximum chelation power and efficiency.
Dissolvine GL is a sustainable, innovative material.


Dissolvine GL(Glutamic acid diacetic acid) is a biobased sequestrant and chelating agent produced.
Dissolvine GL is based on natural amino acid salt, monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) and is readily biodegradable.
In cleaning formulations and under harsh washing conditions, Dissolvine GL complexes hard water ions very well and retains its high chelating values at elevated temperatures more than other chelating agents.


This solution is an important tool in controlling metal ion reactivity as it reduces the detrimental effect of metal catalysts in peroxide cleaners.
This can also be used to enhance the physical properties of metal ions, supplying iron for gas scrubbing and providing essential elements to growing plants.


Dissolvine GL 38% 200L is produced from the monosodium L-glutamic acid (MSG), a bio based naturally occurring amino acid, ensuring Dissolvine GL is readily bio-degradable.
This alongside the source material of plant based/sugar waste, Dissolvine GL is an environmentally friendly alternative.
The active ingredient in Dissolvine GL is glutamic acid diacetic acid, tetra sodium salt (GLDA).


Dissolvine GL has four carboxylic acid groups.
In combination with the nitrogen atom these acid groups can form strong bonds with di- and trivalent metals.
Dissolvine GL is based on the food-approved natural amino acid salt, monosodium L-glutamate (MSG).
MSG is produced by biochemical conversion of vegetable material (such as sugar beet waste).


Dissolvine GL (GLDA) products are effective biobased, bio-degradable chelates.
Dissolvine GL, a glutamic acid, diacetic acid and tetra-sodium salt (GLDA-NA4), is a pure product that contains no other weaker chelates as a substitute such as citrates or gluconate.
With 100% of the active content being GLDA, Dissolvine GL ensures maximum chelation power and efficiency.


Combining excellent performance with a superior ecological profile, this readily bio-degradable, eco-premium classified chelating agent, Dissolvine GL, is a shining example of a sustainable and innovative material that will add value to your products.
Dissolvine GL is produced from the monosodium L-glutamic acid (MSG), a biobased naturally occurring amino acid, ensuring Dissolvine GL is readily bio-degradable.


Coupled with the source material of plant based/sugar waste, Dissolvine GL is a green alternative.
Compared to EDTA and NTA, Dissolvine GL performs better when it comes to hard surface cleaning.
Dissolvine GL does not sensitize human skin, demonstrates enhanced biocidal boosting power and improved biodegradability properties. Compared to phosphates and phosphonates, Dissolvine GL is a far more effective chelating agent.


Dissolvine GL (GLDA Na) is a sustainable, innovative material that will add value to your product.
The active ingredients of Dissolvine GL are glutamic diacetic acid (GLDA), tetranarium salt.
Dissolvine GL is made up of four carboxyl groups.
Together with the nitrogen atom, these groups can form stable bonds with di- and trivalent metals.


Dissolvine GL includes natural amino acid salts, monosodium L-glutamate, approved for food use.
Dissolvine GL was created in the search for an environmentally friendly and safe complexing agent with improved properties and strong chelating (complexing) ability.
Dissolvine GL is easily degradable, harmless to humans, strong chelate, very soluble in acids and alkalis, effective in the pH range 2-12.


Compared to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitrile triacetic acid (NTA), Dissolvine GL (GLDA) performs better on hard surfaces.
Dissolvine GL does not affect human skin, has a high biocidal ability (enhances the action of biocides and preservatives), and is subject to rapid biodegradation.
Dissolvine GL has sustainability.


Dissolvine GL is the most environmentally friendly solution among bathrobes, as it is produced mainly from natural raw materials (for example, beet sugar production waste).
Numerous studies have shown that Dissolvine GL has the lowest environmental impact of all strong complexing agents.
Dissolvine GL is fully biodegradable.


Dissolvine GL has cleaning properties.
Dissolvine GL is gentle on the skin.
Dissolvine GL is non-GMO and non-irritating to eyes and skin.
Dissolvine GL is suitable for use in personal care and cosmetic products.


Dissolvine GL is by binding calcium ions and transition metal ions and enhancing the effect of preservatives, Dissolvine GL increases the shelf life of cosmetics.
Dissolvine GL safe for use in non food contact pesticides.
The EPA has added the chelating agent to its list of approved FIFRA Inert Ingredients, which means that Dissolvine GL is permitted in non food use pesticide products at a maximum concentration of 5% weight.


Dissolvine GL is readily biodegradable, has an excellent safety profile, is a suitable alternative to traditional products and is based on a natural, renewable source.
Dissolvine GL is the tetrasodium salt of L - glutamic acid - N , N -diacetic acid (GLDA-H 4 ), derived from the amino acid glutamic acid and known as Complexing agent of the aminopolycarboxylate type characterized by particularly high biodegradability and solubility.


Dissolvine GL is discussed as a "green" alternative to the most common chelators ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) acquisition and presentation.
Dissolvine GL is tetrasodium glutamic acid oxalate (GLDA-NA4).
Dissolvine GL can combine the nitrogen atom in the center of the molecular structure with the second and third order metal ions, and bond through strong multiple bonds.


The starting material for Dissolvine GL is L - glutamic acid and in particular monosodium glutamate (MSG), which is much more water-soluble and produced as a flavor enhancer in quantities of over 3 million tons per year.
To achieve acceptable yields, MSG is converted at pH

Dissolvine GL is a white, highly water-soluble, hygroscopic solid that forms alkaline (typically pH 11.5) and pale yellow aqueous solutions.
In contrast to EDTA and NTA, Dissolvine GL dissolves very well in aqueous media over a wide pH range from 1 to 12.
The thermal stability (decomposition >280 °C) is significantly higher than that of EDTA and NTA ( >150°C).
Dissolvine GL is glutamic acid diacetic acid, tetra sodium salt (GLDA-Na4).


GLDA has four carboxylic acid groups and combined with a centralized nitrogen atom these carboxylate groups provide strong multiple bonds with diand trivalent metals ions.
The primary difference in these products is the active ingredient content (38% vrs 47%) and also that the ‘S’ version is high purity (NTA free).
Dissolvine GL, also known as Tetrasodium Dicarboxymethyl Glutamate, GLDA-Na4 for short.


Dissolvine GL is a new type of green degradable chelating agent, can replace traditional phosphonates, EDTA, NTA.
Dissolvine GL is suit for a wide pH range, with high solubility, high temperature resistance, strong detergency, no ecological toxicity, has synergistic effect with fungicides, and no irritation to skin and eyes.


Dissolvine GL is a rinsing aid.
Dissolvine GL is a vegetable-based chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL is a palm oil-, EDTA- and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-free chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL research shows the ingredient is not a strong skin irritant.


Dissolvine GL exhibits dispersion properties combined with easier rinsing.
Dissolvine GL offers enhanced biocidal/preservative boosting power.
Dissolvine GL is recommended for wash-off formulations, wipes, shaving products, fragrances, toiletries, makeup, skin-, sun-, baby & oral care products.


Using a chelating agent helps to slow this process, allowing for the creation of products with improved stability and appearance.
This also improves the effectiveness of preservative ingredients, allowing us to use a lower percentage of these, for safer shelf-stable products.
Dissolvine GL is readily biodegradable with a high level of solubility over a wide pH range, thus a greener alternative to many other chelates and phosphates.


Dissolvine GL has Excellent chelating effect controlling metal catalyzed decomposition.
Dissolvine GL reduces water hardness and prevents precipitation.
Dissolvine GL boosts performance of preservatives improving shelf life.
Dissolvine GL Stabilizes the pH value and is effective in wide pH range.


Dissolvine GL does not sensitize human skin.
Dissolvine GL is Completely biodegradable as compared to phosphates and phosphonates.
Dissolvine GL is an effective alternative to EDTA.
Dissolvine GL, also known as Tetrasodium Dicarboxymethyl Glutamate, GLDA-Na4 for short.


Dissolvine GL is a new type of green degradable chelating agent, can replace traditional phosphonates, EDTA, NTA.
Dissolvine GL is suit for a wide pH range, with high solubility, high temperature resistance, strong detergency, no ecological toxicity, has synergistic effect with fungicides, and no irritation to skin and eyes.
Dissolvine GL is a safe synthetic chelating agent with natural origins.


Dissolvine GL is what's known as a 'chelating agent', an ingredient that inactivates metallic ions (charged particles) in product formulations.
Dissolvine GL is a high purity, versatile and readily biodegradable chelating agent based upon L-glutamic acid, a natural and renewable raw material.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DISSOLVINE GL:
Dissolvine GL is highly effective in the control of water hardness ions and can also be used in cleaning surfaces, descaling boilers, processing textiles and preventing scale formation.
Dissolvine GL can be used to replace NTA, EDTA, phosphates and phosphonates in several cleaning products and formulations.


Dissolvine GL is extensively used to control metal ions in water based systems for multiple applications.
In cleaning formulations and under harsh washing conditions, Dissolvine GL complexes hard water ions very well and retains its high chelating values at elevated temperatures more than other chelating agents.
Dissolvine GL demonstrates strong stain removing including those from tea, starches, meats and burnt milk staining.


With strong chelating powers, Dissolvine GL is highly effective in a wide variety of applications and specifically for use in acidic, alkaline and concentrated detergents.
Dissolvine GL is used as a builder for cleaners and detergents and presents an alternative to phosphates, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).


Dissolvine GL is also used in bath and shower products, cosmetics, hair care and colorings, powders, body treatments and personal care wipes.
In cleaning products, Dissolvine GL excellently binds hardness ions and maintains high chelating properties under high temperature and harsh acidic and alkaline environments.
Dissolvine GL is great for removing tea stains, protein stains and even burnt milk.


Dissolvine GL enhances the effectiveness of biocides and performs best on hard surfaces with shorter contact times than conventional EDTA and NTA complexes.
In personal care products the ingredient, called Dissolvine GL boosts preservative function and helps minimise discolouration.
Dissolvine GL (GLDA) is a chelating agent that is phosphorous free and replaces phosphates, phosphonates, EDTA and NTA.


Dissolvine GL is used cleaning agents, detergents, textile auxiliaries, daily chemicals, oilfield water treatment, pulp and paper auxiliaries, metal surface treatment, etc.
Dissolvine GL is suitable to be used in personal care and cosmetics products, due to the strong chelating ability of calcium and transition metal ions prolonging the shelf life of many products.


Dissolvine GL is used in cosmetics and personal care.
Dissolvine GL is used water treatment, Industrial detergents and cleaners, hard surface cleaners, Dishwashing Detergents, Laundry detergents HDL and LDL, paper industry, Cosmetic/personal care products, Textile auxiliaries, preservative booster.
Dissolvine GL serves the same function in formulations as EDTA, without the health and environmental concerns.


Dissolvine GL is used in bath soaps, detergents and non-spray deodorant product.
Dissolvine GL is often found in sunscreen, facial cleanser, shampoo, makeup, lotion, and other products.
Dissolvine GL is highly effective in removing stains and increases the activity of substances that kill or limit the growth of harmful organisms.


Dissolvine GL also promotes the preservation and stability of soaps.
The dispersion properties of Dissolvine GL also keep soils suspended in the wash and rinse water, preventing re-deposition of dirt on cleaned surfaces and guaranteeing easy rinsing in applications such as dishwashing.
Dissolvine GL is made from plant material, readily biodegradable, with high solubility over a wide pH range.


Strong chelating ability of Dissolvine GL:
Dissolvine GL has a good effect on all kinds of difficult-to-clean calcium scales or difficult-to-clean equipment.
Dissolvine GL is a multi-purpose, clear, liquid chelating agent and preservative booster.
Dissolvine GL is widely used in personal care, cleaning and detergents, industrial cleaning and oil industry.


Dissolvine GL usually appears as an odourless white powder that is soluble in water, and is used as a multi-purpose, clear, liquid chelating agent and preservative booster.
Dissolvine GL is used Cleaning and detergents, Industrial cleaning, Oil industry, personal care, and Pulp and paper.
Dissolvine GL binds with metal ions in the water supply to prevent scale formation.


Soils form complexes with metal ions and bind to surfaces.
These bonds make cleaning and removal of these earth-metal complexes difficult.
The strong chelating and dispersing properties of Dissolvine GL facilitate the removal of metal ions from soils, resulting in greatly improved cleaning performance.


Fewer water droplets left on surfaces reduces the need to rinse repeatedly to get soap off (and therefore reduces water consumption).
Dissolvine GL works as a stabilizer in cosmetic formulations to prevent the natural discoloration of shampoos and gels.
Dissolvine GL is used to enhance and preservative the formulation's ingredients and also acts as a heavy metal chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL has many uses from foods to personal care products.


On an industrial level Dissolvine GL is used in the cutting of fabrics, in the processing or grinding of metals and in the operations of sanding or stripping.
Dissolvine GL is NTA free and also works great as a protective enhancer.
Dissolvine GL can be used as a more sustainable alternative to phosphonates and commonly used chelating agents (NTA and EDTA) in a wide number of applications.


Dissolvine GL can be used in many applications such as industrial and household cleaners for improving the detergency.
Dissolvine GL when added to a formulation can help stabilize the product and prevent discoloration.
Dissolvine GL is used as a chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL also reduces the effect of Calcium and Magnesium ions resulting in better surfactant performance.


Dissolvine GL is used Shampoo Release agent to improve stability in shampoos and cleansers
Dissolvine GL is used Textile Industry to prevent metal ion impurities from changing colors of dyed products
Foods used as preservatives to prevent catalytic oxidative discoloration in certain foods
Dissolvine GL can replace EDTA 1:1 and can be used in products as well as cosmetics and personal care products.


Dissolvine GL works as a chelating agent : Dissolvine GL prevents precipitates from forming inside the product in which it is inserted that could alter the stability and final pleasantness of the cosmetic.
Dissolvine GL is used as a preservative.
Dissolvine GL can be widely used in Personal Care and Cleaning applications.


Dissolvine GL is used Excellent chelating/rinsing agent compared to conventional options good guardians.
Dissolvine GL is suitable to be used in personal care and cosmetics
Dissolvine GL is added to products for skin care, body and hair care, make-up, but also to cleaners, disposable wet wipes and soaps.
Dissolvine GL is also found in detergents, cleansing wipes, bar soap, and other cleaning products.


Dissolvine GL stabilizes the color of the product and improves their durability.
Commercial use of Dissolvine GL: body lotions, skin cream, Shampoo, Toothpastes, and makeup.
Dissolvine GL is found in the following products:
liquid and solid soap, solid shampoo, intimate hygiene products, baby wipes, face lotions and cleansers, make up, skincare products, sun cream.


Dissolvine GL is a multi-purpose clear liquid agent that supports the effectiveness of preservatives.
We can find Dissolvine GL, for example, in hair and body cosmetics, make-up, etc.
Dissolvine GL works as a stabilizer in cosmetic formulations to prevent the natural discoloration of soaps shampoos and gels.
Dissolvine GL also acts as a chelating agent and is used to enhance and preserve the formulation's ingredients.


Dissolvine GL is NTA free and also functions great as a preservative booster.
Dissolvine GL bonds with metal ions in the water supply to prevent scale formation.
The strong chelating and dispersion properties of Dissolvine GL facilitate the removal of metal ions from soils leading to a greatly improved cleaning performance.


In larger quantities Dissolvine GL will enhance the cleaning ability and prevent deactivation of active ingredients during use.
Dissolvine GL can also be found in detergents, waxes, polishes, disinfectants, pest control products and air care products.
Dissolvine GL is found in sunscreen, facial cleanser, shampoo, makeup, lotion, and other products.
Dissolvine GL can be found in shampoos, conditioners, make-up, but also in wet wipes or soaps.


Dissolvine GL offers unique opportunity for skin friendly personal care product development.
Dissolvine GL is also used in personal care products.
Dissolvine GL is free from genetically modified raw materials and is not irritating to skin or eyes, these properties are suitable in the development of new personal care products.


Dissolvine GL is used Mild chelating agent, which helps to stabilize the formulation
Dissolvine GL operates across wide range of pH making it conducive to use in strongly alkaline hard surface cleaning applications that includes food processing, kitchen cleaning and automatic dishwashing products.
Dissolvine GL acts as a rinsing aid in products.


Dissolvine GL is used in cosmetic products as a support for preservatives.
Dissolvine GL extends the shelf life of the product and prevents the growth of microorganisms.
Dissolvine GL is a plant-based chelating agent.
Chelators are substances that are used to maintain the stability and appearance of cosmetic products.


Dissolvine GL is used in sunscreens, facial cleansers, shampoos, makeup, lotions.
You can also find Dissolvine GL in detergents, cleansing wipes, bar soap, and other cleaning products.
Dissolvine GL is used Hard Surface Cleaners, Laundry Detergents HDL and LDL, Cosmetics/Personal Care Products, Industrial Cleaners, Shaving Products, Pulp and Paper Production, Gas Sweetener, Wet wipes, Polymer Production, Dishwashing Liquids, Textile, protective booster, Fertilizers, Distribution aid for micronutrients for plants


-Boilers:
Dissolvine GL is used to prevent lime formation in boilers due to water hardness.
-CHELATING:
Binds metal ions that could adversely affect the stability and quality of cosmetic products
-Titrations:
Dissolvine GL is Used in complexometric titrations and analysis of water hardness


-Uses of Dissolvine GL:
Dissolvine GL solutions for broad portfolio of industrial applications: Dissolvine GL is instrumental in reducing the detrimental effect of metal ions in various industrial processes such as paper manufacturing, personal care formulations, food processing industry, pharmaceutical formulations, metal working area etc.


-Dissolvine GL and skin:
Dissolvine GL is very gentle on the skin and has antibacterial effects.
Dissolvine GL helps with inflammatory symptoms and acne.


-Dissolvine GL and hair:
Dissolvine GL is added to anti-dandruff shampoo.
Dissolvine GL prevents their formation and gently cares for the scalp.


-Formulation flexibility, compatibility and Synergy:
There is an increased interest in the use of Dissolvine GL in disinfectant formulations.
Like tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Dissolvine GL can be used together with biocides to improve the biocidal performance of a disinfection system.


-High solubility under wide pH:
Dissolvine GL has good solubility in strong acid to high alkali systems, and has better advantages for formulating high active ingredients and low water content formulation systems.


-Dissolvine GL Has the effect of antiseptic and synergistic:
Because it has natural amino acid components, Dissolvine GL has a stronger binding ability with animal cell walls, and thus play a role in antiseptic and synergistic.


-Good stability under high temperature:
By thermogravimetric analysis, Dissolvine GL is tested at 170°C for 6 hours or at 150°C for a week.
Dissolvine GL has no decomposition and is extremely stable.
Compared with other chelating agent products at 100°C, Dissolvine GL has the best performance.


-Application of Dissolvine GL:
*cleaning agents,
*detergents,
*textile auxiliaries,
*daily chemicals,
*oilfield water treatment,
*pulp and paper auxiliaries,
*metal surface treatment, etc.


-Applications of Dissolvine GL:
• Domestic and Industrial Dishwashing
• Detergents
• Descaling
• Personal Care
• Industrial Cleaning
• Pulp Bleaching
• Dishwashing


-High solubility under wide pH:
Dissolvine GL has good solubility in strong acid to high alkali systems, and has better advantages for formulating high active ingredients and low water content formulation systems.


-Good stability under high temperature :
By thermogravimetric analysis, Dissolvine GL is tested at 170°C for 6 hours or at 150°C for a week.
Dissolvine GL has no decomposition and is extremely stable.
Compared with other chelating agent products at 100°C, Dissolvine GL has the best performance.


-Strong chelating ability:
Dissolvine GL has a good effect on all kinds of difficult-to-clean calcium scales or difficult-to-clean equipment.
-Has the effect of antiseptic and synergistic:
Because Dissolvine GL has natural amino acid components, it has a stronger binding ability with animal cell walls, and thus play a role in antiseptic and synergistic.
After experiments, we found that Dissolvine GL has obvious antiseptic and sterilization synergies in many fungicides, which can save 20%-80% of the usage.



GREEN ALTERNATIVE FOR NTA, EDTA, PHOSPHATES AND PHOSPHONATES:
• Readily biodegradable strong
sequestrant
• Excellent eco & toxicological profile
• Based on a natural and sustainable source
• High solubility over wide pH range



COMPARED TO NTA AND EDTA:
• Better eco & tox properties
• Better boost of biocidal activity
• Better hard surface cleaning



COMPARED TO PHOSPHATES AND PHOSPHONATES:
• No contribution to eutrophication
• Better eco & tox properties
• Stronger chelating power
• Better stain removal



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF DISSOLVINE GL:
An important ingredient in Personal Cares formulations providing benefits that include:
• Enhancing the effectiveness of biological preservatives
- Use less preservatives.
- Effective on molds and both gram positive and gram negative bacteria
• Hard water management
- Improved foam
- Better cleansing
• Improved shelf life and product appearance
- Preventing rancidity
- Protecting the intended color and odor of your formulation
• increases the brightness of the skin,
• moisturizes the dermis in depth,
• reduces wrinkles
• makes the lines of expression less pronounced
• it is emollient, nourishes and softens the skin



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DISSOLVINE GL:
Molecular Weigh: 351.13
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 9
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 350.99189337
Monoisotopic Mass: 350.99189337
Topological Polar Surface Area: 164 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 314
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 5
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00

Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
Soluble in: water
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO
Molecular Weight: 354.15
Appearance: Solid powder
Storage: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks)
or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Appearance: Light yellow viscous liquid
Content /%: ≥47
pH value: ≥8.5
Density(20℃) g/cm3: ≥1.20
Appearance: Clear colorless to turbid yellowish liquid
Odor: Characteristic odor
Color (APHA): 100 Max
pH (1% aq.): 10.0-12.0
Freezing point (℃): 0 Max



FIRST AID MEASURES of DISSOLVINE GL:
-Inhalation:
Remove victim to fresh air.
-Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing, shoes and equipment.
Wash all affected areas with soapand plenty of water.
Wash contaminated clothing and shoes before reuse.
-Eye Contact:
Flush eyes with large quantities of running water for a minimum of 15 minutes.
If the victim is wearing contact lenses, remove them.
-Ingestion:
Give several glasses of water.
Give fluids again.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DISSOLVINE GL:
-Methods for containment:
Safely stop source of spill.
-Methods for clean-up:
Soak up liquid residue with a suitable absorbent such as clay, sawdust or kitty litter.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DISSOLVINE GL:
-Flammable properties:
Not flammable or combustible.
*Extinguishing Media:
Use water fog or spray, dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide extinguishing agents.
-Fire & Explosion Hazards:
This product is not defined as flammable or combustible and should not be a firehazard.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DISSOLVINE GL:
-Engineering Controls & Ventilation:
Special ventilation is usually not required under normal use conditions.
-Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
*Hygiene Measures:
All food and smoking materials should be kept in a separate area away from the storage/use location.
Before eating, drinking and smoking, hands and faceshould be thoroughly washed.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DISSOLVINE GL:
-Storage:
Keep containers closed and dry.
This material is suitable for any general chemical storage area.
Store in PVC, PE, stainless steel or bituminized tanks.
-Recommended Storage Temperature:
Store in a cool and dry place at ambient temperature (below 25°C / 77°F).
-General Comments:
Containers should not be opened until ready for use.
Opened containers must be closedagain properly.
It is advised to re-test the product after three years of storage



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DISSOLVINE GL:
-Chemical stability:
This product is stable under recommended storage and handling conditions.
It is not self-reactive and is not sensitive to physical impact.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
Hazardous polymerization is not expected to occur under normal temperatures and pressures.



SYNONYMS:
Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate
Tetrasodium Dicarboxymethyl Glutamate
Tetrasodium N , N -bis(carboxylatomethyl) -L -glutamate
L -glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
( S )-glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
N , N -bis (carboxymethyl) -L -glutamic acid tetrasodium salt
GLDA-Na 4
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE ( INCI )
Dissolvine GL
CHELEST CMG-40
DISSOLVINE GL
GLUTAMIC ACID N,N-DIACETIC ACID SODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, SODIUM SALT (1:4)
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, TETRASODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID-N,N-DI(ACETIC ACID) TETRASODIUM SALT
N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)GLUTAMIC ACID TETRASODIUM SALT
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE [INCI]
TETRASODIUM N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-L-GLUTAMATE
L-GLUTAMIC ACID
N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)- TETRASODIUM SALT
N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)- TETRASODIUM SALT L-GLUTAMIC ACID
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE
TETRASODIUM N,N-BIS(CARBOXYLATOMETHYL)-L-GLUTAMATE
TETRASODIUM SALT L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-
L-Aspartic Acid, N, N-bis(zarboxylatomethyl )-L-glutamate
Tetrasodium N,N-bis(carboxylatomethyl)-L-glutamate
tetrasodium glutamate diacetate
GLDA
Tetrasodium N,N-bis(carboxylatomethyl)-L-glutamate
5EHL50I4MY
N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic Acid Tetrasodium Salt
Tetrasodium N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamate
tetrasodium;(2S)-2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]pentanedioate
L-Glutamic acid, N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1:4)
UNII-5EHL50I4MY
DTXSID2052158
Q25393000
Sodium (S)-2-(bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino)pentanedioate
N,N-BIS-(CARBOXYMETHYL)-L-GLUTAMIC ACID TETRASODIUMN SALT
N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid tetrasodium salt (ca. 40% in Water)
tetrasodium mono((S)-2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)-4-carboxybutanoate)
L-glutamic acid, N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1:4)
Tetrasodium N , N -bis(carboxylatomethyl) -L -glutamate
L -glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
( S )-glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
N , N -bis (carboxymethyl) -L -glutamic acid tetrasodium salt
GLDA-Na 4
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE ( INCI )
Dissolvine GL
CHELEST CMG-40
DISSOLVINE GL
GLUTAMIC ACID N,N-DIACETIC ACID SODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, SODIUM SALT (1:4)
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, TETRASODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID-N,N-DI(ACETIC ACID) TETRASODIUM SALT
N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)GLUTAMIC ACID TETRASODIUM SALT
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE [INCI]
TETRASODIUM N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-L-GLUTAMATE

EC Number: 257-573-7
EC Name: Tetrasodium N,N-bis(carboxylatomethyl)-L-glutamate
CAS Number: 51981-21-6
Molecular formula: C9H9NO8Na4
IUPAC Name: tetrasodium 2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]pentanedioate

Dissolvine GL, brand name for GLDA, is the latest, most green and strong chelate in our range.
Dissolvine GL is a safe and readily biodegradable chelating agent that can be used as alternative for phosphates, NTA and EDTA, in a number of applications, such as detergents, personal care and cosmetics, hard surface cleaning, automatic and mechanical dishwashing, oilfield etc.
Dissolvine GL has an exceptional high solubility at high and low pH.
The majority of the molecule originates from a natural, renewable source.

CAS No: 51981-21-6
Molecular formula: C9H9NO8Na4
Chemical name: L-glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid, tetrasodium salt; GLDA-Na 4
INCI name: Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate; Tetrasodium Dicarboxymethyl Glutamate Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate, also known as Tetrasodium Dicarboxymethyl Glutamate, GLDA-Na4 for short.
GLDA-Na4 is a new type of green degradable chelating agent, can replace traditional phosphonates, EDTA, NTA.
Dissolvine GL is suit for a wide pH range, with high solubility, high temperature resistance, strong detergency, no ecological toxicity, has synergistic effect with fungicides, and no irritation to skin and eyes.

Dissolvine GL aminopolycarboxylate-based chelating agents (examples of classic ones are EDTA and DTPA) are used extensively to control metal ions in water-based systems for countless applications.
Dissolvine GL are highly effective in the control of water hardness ions and find wide application in cleaning surfaces, descaling boilers, processing textiles and preventing scale formation.
For control of metal ion reactivity, Dissolvine GL are an important tool for reducing the detrimental effect of metal catalysts in peroxide cleaners and in pulp bleaching for paper manufacturing, improving personal care formulations, stabilizing food products and for pharmaceutical formulations.
Finally, they are also used extensively to enhance the chemical and physical properties of metal ions ranging from metal plating, providing essential elements to growing plants and supplying iron for H2S gas scrubbing.
While classical aminopolycarboxylates provide outstanding performance in terms of cost effectiveness and versatility, Dissolvine GL may not always fulfill all the needs of the customer in terms of performance, properties and health, safety and environmental considerations.
Recognizing this, Nouryon is constantly seeking to develop innovative and more environmentally friendly products with excellent chelating performance to complement our existing product range.
Dissolvine GL is an outcome of our continuing effort to develop new and improved products.
Produced from monosodium L-glutamic acid (MSG) which is a biobased naturally occurring amino acid, GLDA is readily biodegradable and offers a high solubility over a wide pH range.
Dissolvine GL does not sensitize human skin, provides enhanced biocidal boosting power and improved biodegradability properties.
Compared to phosphates, GLDA is a far more effective chelating agent and does not contribute to eutrophication.

Applications of Dissolvine GL:
cleaning agents,
detergents,
textile auxiliaries,
daily chemicals,
oilfield water treatment,
pulp and paper auxiliaries,
metal surface treatment, etc.

Technical Specifications of Dissolvine GL
Appearance: Light yellow viscous liquid
Content /%: ≥47
pH value: ≥8.5
Density(20℃) g/cm3: ≥1.20

Features of Dissolvine GL
High solubility under wide pH
Dissolvine GL has good solubility in strong acid to high alkali systems, and has better advantages for formulating high active ingredients and low water content formulation systems.
Good stability under high temperature

By thermogravimetric analysis, Dissolvine GL is tested at 170°C for 6 hours or at 150°C for a week.
Dissolvine GL has no decomposition and is extremely stable.
Compared with other chelating agent products at 100°C, Dissolvine GL has the best performance.

Strong chelating ability
Dissolvine GL has a good effect on all kinds of difficult-to-clean calcium scales or difficult-to-clean equipment.

Has the effect of antiseptic and synergistic
Because Dissolvine GL has natural amino acid components, Dissolvine GL has a stronger binding ability with animal cell walls, and thus play a role in antiseptic and synergistic.
After experiments, we found that GLDA has obvious antiseptic and sterilization synergies in many fungicides, which can save 20%-80% of the usage.

Dissolvine GL
Chemical family: Chelate
CAS number: 51981-21-6
Physical form: Liquid
Molecular Weight: 351.1
Chemical name: Glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid, tetra sodium salt
Molecular drawing: Chelate

Applications of Dissolvine GL
Boosting agent for disinfecting products (with low skin irritation).
Improved detergency at high water hardness.
Hard surface cleaning performance is improved in combination with gluco(hepto)nates Scale removal at high pH Scale inhibitor in laundering and dishwashing applications.
Booster for stain removal in dish washing detergents better than citrates and phosphates Scum inhibitor in bathroom cleaners.
Improved cleaning & foaming in shampoo applications.
Storage stabilization of bleaching agents (perborates / percarbonates) and unsaturated alkyl chain based surfactants.
Transport cleaners: Oil and Iron removal at high pH replacement for NTA

Nouryon’s range of Dissolvine® GL (GLDA) products are effective biobased, bio-degradable chelates.
With strong chelating powers, they are highly effective in a wide variety of applications and specifically for use in acidic, alkaline and concentrated detergents.
Combining excellent performance with a superior ecological profile, this readily bio-degradable, eco-premium classified chelating agent is a shining example of a sustainable and innovative material that will add value to your products.


Dissolvine GL, a glutamic acid, diacetic acid and tetra-sodium salt (GLDA-NA4), is a pure product that contains no other weaker chelates as a substitute such as citrates or gluconate.
With 100% of the active content being GLDA, Dissolvine® GL ensures maximum chelation power and efficiency.
Dissolvine GL is produced from the monosodium L-glutamic acid (MSG), a biobased naturally occurring amino acid, ensuring Dissolvine GL is readily bio-degradable.
Coupled with the source material of plant based/sugar waste, Dissolvine GL is a green alternative.

Dissolvine GL is not manufactured from monochloroacetic acid as it is known to release chloride in the system which can cause pitting and corrosion of stainless steel; this can damage the tanks in which the material is stored, and the Chlorine remains present also in the end-formulated product.
For this reason, Nouryon’s manufacturing processes are different to ensure minimal Chlorine presence.

In cleaning formulations and under harsh washing conditions,Dissolvine GL complexes hard water ions very well and retains its high chelating values at elevated temperatures more than other chelating agents.
Dissolvine GL demonstrates strong stain removing including those from tea, starches, meats and burnt milk staining.
With strong biocidal boosting and preservative boosting powers, fewer biocides and preservatives are needed to achieve similar results.

As part of the Dissolvine GL range there are 3 grades we offer:
Dissolvine GL – Standard grade, 38% active solids in solution, ideal for I&I applications
Dissolvine GL – High Purity, NTA free grade with 47% solids in solution, ideal for highly concentrated formulations and Home and Body care applications
Dissolvine GL – Spray-dried grade, 82% active solids in solid form.

CAS#: 51981-21-6
Product Industry: Clean Label

Description of Dissolvine GL
Dissolvine GL is a high purity, versatile and readily biodegradable chelate based upon L-glutamic acid, a natural and renewable raw material.
Dissolvine GL officially received DfE designation and the recognition from the U.S.
EPA that Dissolvine GL is green and performs highly effectively.
Compared to EDTA and NTA,Dissolvine GL performs better when it comes to hard surface cleaning.
Dissolvine GL does not sensitize human skin, demonstrates enhanced biocidal boosting power and improved biodegradability properties.
Compared to phosphates and phosphonates, it is a far more effective chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL is also used in bath and shower products, cosmetics, hair care and colorings, powders, body treatments and personal care wipes.
Dissolvine GL is used as a builder for cleaners and detergents and presents an alternative to phosphates, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

Functional features of Dissolvine GL
Chemical and physical properties of Dissolvine GL
Dissolvine GL product range including various chemical and physical properties.
Dissolvine GL (offered in EMEA) and Dissolvine GL-47-S (offered worldwide) are standard multi-purpose liquid chelating agents.
The primary difference in these products is the active ingredient content (38 % vrs 47%) and also that the ‘S’ version is high purity (NTA free).
Dissolvine GL is a spray dried equivalent of the liquid product, Dissolvine GL-47-S, is convenient for the preparation of highly concentrated formulations (solid or liquid).
This solid product readily dissolves in water to yield a clear, slightly yellow liquid, is hygroscopic and should be stored in closed bags or containers until it is used.

Liquid density of Dissolvine GL
The density of the liquid can be used as a quick reference to check the concentration of the material.

Solubility of Dissolvine GL
A special feature of GLDA is its extremely high solubility under a wide range of conditions from strongly acidic to high caustic conditions and in between.
For strong chelating agents this property is unique to GLDA and allows the preparation of formulated products with a high active ingredient and low water content.
Besides sparking creative ideas on developing innovative formulations with GLDA – this also has a beneficial impact on our environment.
Higher assay mixtures means less inert water is present and therefore less packaging is needed and less packaging waste is generated.
High assay products also reduce the shipping and storage of water present in formulated products, important especially to stores who have limited display space on their shelves.
Ultimately the environment and we as consumers benefit the most.
Not only does GLDA offer greater solubility at high pH, but it is the only strong chelate allowing highly concentrated solutions to be stable at low pH.
Exceptional solubility that GLDA exhibits in weak acids like acetic acid, to strong acids like HCl and even concentrated NaOH.
Formulating with highly soluble GLDA reduces the water that needs to be used to maintain clarity of a cleaning formulation and may allow for a greater variety and concentration of other additives to be used.

Main functionalities OF Dissolvine GL
in applications
Enhanced cleaning
complexing hard water ions
One of the main reasons why chelates are added to a wide variety of products and processes is to complex the hard water ions Ca2+ and Mg2+.
These ions need to be complexed to prevent their precipitation as unwanted scale or turbidity and to allow other chemicals in the formulation, such as surfactants, to do their job properly.
Most formulations or process streams contain other components that compete for the hard water ions so the chelate should have a higher affinity for these ions than the other components.
Addition of chelates – like GLDA – to control metal ion interactions that occur with soil and surfactants and even bacteria can greatly enhance the cleaning and preserving/sanitizing property of the cleaning formulation.
To illustrate the calcium binding efficiency of GLDA, experiments have been performed with various chelating agents and the Ca2+ ion indicator Hydroxy Naphtol Blue (HNB) that is used here as a competitive chelating agent.
HNB has a relatively high affinity for calcium and colors from blue to red when fully complexed to calcium.
As a result, the color of a solution containing Ca2+ ions, HNB and the chelate to be tested gives a measure for the calcium binding efficiency of the chelate vs.

Readily biodegradable chelating agents.
Metal
ion
Bacteria
Hydroxide
Stain & soil attached to surface
Anionic surfactant

Ca2+ complexing efficiency (%) OF Dissolvine GL
EDTA GLDA* NTA* STPP IDS* EDDS* Citrate*the HNB.
The finding here is that Dissolvine GL is the most effective biodegradable chelating agent for the complexation of hard water ions.
Another measure of the ability to soften water is which is a plot of water hardness vs. log K in the presence of an equal molar concentration of GLDA and other common chelates.
As seen GLDA is capable of achieving low water hardness levels due to its strong binding with Ca2+ ions.
The ability of GLDA to soften water and prevent Ca2+ precipitation with an anionic surfactant.
In the presence of medium hard water the liquid anionic soap readily forms ‘soap scum’ and deactivates the surfactant.
Addition of the weaker chelate citrate has limited benefit in preventing this deactivation – but addition of GLDA shows adequate softening ability.
Addition of small quantities of GLDA to a formulation can help stabilize the product and prevent discoloration or formation of turbidity from reaction of trace metal ions that may be present or contaminate the product during use.
Addition of larger quantities of GLDA will lead to enhanced cleaning ability and prevent deactivation of active ingredients during use.

Dissolving scales of Dissolvine GL
In addition to preventing precipitation of scale,
Dissolvine® chelating agents are used to remove unwanted scale.
The most frequently encountered scales consist of calcium, barium and iron as their carbonate, sulfate or oxide.
Compared to other aminopolycarboxylates, phosphonates and succinates,Dissolvine GL is the best readily biodegradable chelate for the removal of CaCO3 scale.

Dissolvine GL-47-S is a Glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid, tetrasodium salt (GLDA) Dissolvine GL is a bio-based, readily biodegradable, cruelty free, globally acceptable and effective chelating agent for Personal Care. With an outstanding environmental profile and friendly INCI name, it’s an ideal choice to bring enhanced preservation, stability, and performance to your formulations. Dissolvine GL is available as a 47% solution in water, Dissolvine GL-47-S in solid form.
INCI Name: Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate
Function: Chelating Agent, Bleaching Agent
CAS Number: 51981-21-6

Identification & Functionality of Dissolvine GL
Chemical Family: Sodium Salts
Chemical Name: Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate
INCI Name: Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate
Cleaning Ingredients Functions
Bleaching Agent

Chelating Agent
Cosmetic Ingredients Functions
Chelating Agent
CAS No.: 51981-21-6
EC No.: 257-573-7
Technologies
Cleaning Ingredients

Cosmetic Ingredients
Product Families
Cleaning Ingredients — Builders & Chelators
Chelating Agents
Cleaning Ingredients — Functional Additives
Performance Additives
Cosmetic Ingredients — Functionals
Stabilizers


Dissolvine GL (Glutamic acid diacetic acid) is a biobased sequestrant and chelating agent produced by AkzoNobel.
This product can be used to replace NTA, EDTA, phosphates and phosphonates in several cleaning products and formulations.
Dissolvine® GL is based on natural amino acid salt, monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) and is readily biodegradable.

Applications of Dissolvine GL:
Domestic and Industrial Dishwashing
Detergents
Descaling
Personal Care
Industrial Cleaning
Pulp Bleaching

Bio-Content Basis: 86%
Renewable Feedstock: Derived from natural amino acid salt, monosodium L-glutamate (MSG)

Dissolvine GL is a glutamic acid, diacetic acid and tetra-sodium salt (GLDA-NA4), it's a pure product that contains no other weaker chelates as a substitute such as citrates or gluconate.
With 100% of the active content being GLDA, Dissolvine GL offers maximum chelation power and efficiency.
Dissolvine is a sustainable, innovative material. It is extensively used to control metal ions in water based systems for multiple applications.
Dissolvine GL is highly effective in the control of water hardness ions and can also be used in cleaning surfaces, descaling boilers, processing textiles and preventing scale formation.
In cleaning formulations and under harsh washing conditions, Dissolvine GL complexes hard water ions very well and retains its high chelating values at elevated temperatures more than other chelating agents.
This solution is an important tool in controlling metal ion reactivity as Dissolvine GL reduces the detrimental effect of metal catalysts in peroxide cleaners.
This can also be used to enhance the physical properties of metal ions, supplying iron for gas scrubbing and providing essential elements to growing plants.
Dissolvine GL is produced from the monosodium L-glutamic acid (MSG), a bio based naturally occurring amino acid, ensuring Dissolvine GL is readily bio-degradable.
This alongside the source material of plant based/sugar waste, Dissolvine GL is an environmentally friendly alternative.
Please note, this product can only be delivered to commercial premises. To view our full range of industrial chemicals

IDENTIFICATION OF Dissolvine GL
Product identifier
Trade name : Dissolvine GL
REACH Registration Number : 01-2119493601-38-0000
Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
Use of the
Substance/Mixture
Specific use(s): Chelating agent
Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

EPA awards the DfE designation only to chemicals that pass the strict DfE criteria after the agency's scientific team screens each ingredient for potential human health and environmental impacts.
The DfE mark helps consumers and commercial businesses identify products that are determined to be effective and safe according to the DfE assessment program.
Some 2,800 products have received the DfE designation.

Dissolvine GL, which is derived predominantly from U.S.-grown corn and readily biodegradable, is used by the leading makers of cleaning products as a chelating agent to control hard water ions.
Dissolvine GL is used in household detergents and dishwashing products, as well as in personal care and cosmetics products.
In detergent, for example, it helps boost the cleaning power and is highly effective at stain removal, even at higher temperatures.
Dissolvine GL is used as a builder for cleaners and detergents as an alternative to phosphates, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

Readily biodegradable strong sequestrant
Excellent eco & toxicological profile
Based on a natural and sustainable source
High solubility over wide pH range
Compared to NTA and EDTA:
Better eco & tox properties
Better boost of biocidal activity
Better hard surface cleaning

Compared to phosphates and phosphonates:
No contribution to eutrophication
Better eco & tox properties
Stronger chelating power
Better stain removal

For use in applications:
Domestic and Industrial
Dishwashing
Detergents
Descaling
Personal Care
Industrial Cleaning
Pulp Bleaching

Introduction Dissolvine aminopolycarboxylate-based chelates are used extensively to control metal ions in water-based systems for countless applications.
Dissolvine GL are highly effective in the control of water hardness ions and find wide application in cleaning surfaces, descaling boilers, processing textile and preventing scale in heating systems.
In another area, the control of metal reactivity, they are important processing tools for reducing the detrimental effect of metals in pulp bleaching for paper manufacturing, improving personal care formulations, stabilizing food products and for pharmaceutical formulations.
Finally, they are also used extensively in metalworking areas, ranging from metal plating, dosing essential elements to plants and supplying iron for the development of photographic films and paper using silver halide technology.
The sheer diversity of application demonstrates the versatility of the Dissolvine chelate product range.
Although classical aminopolycarboxylates are excellent performers in terms of cost effectiveness and versatility, they do not always meet all the needs of the customer.
Recognizing this fact, AkzoNobel is constantly seeking to develop even more environmentally benign products with an excellent chelating performance to complement our existing product range.
Dissolvine GL has been developed as part of this continuing quest to find new and improved products.
Produced from natural and sustainable raw materials, Dissolvine GL is readily biodegradable, with a high solubility over a wide ph range.
Compared to EDTA and NTA, Dissolvine GL performs better when it comes to hard surface cleaning.
Dissolvine GL does not sensitize human skin, demonstrates enhanced biocidal boosting power and improved biodegradability properties.
Compared to phosphates and phosphonates, it is a far more effective chelating agent.
Also, Dissolvine GL does not contribute to eutrophication and has improved toxicological properties.
Product description Chemical structure The active ingredient in Dissolvine GL is glutamic acid diacetic acid, tetra sodium salt (GLDA).
As shown below, GLDA has four carboxylic acid groups.
In combination with the nitrogen atom these acid groups can form strong bonds with di- and trivalent metals.
Chemical formula: C 9 H 9 NO 8 Na 4

Ecological footprint Dissolvine GL is based on the food-approved natural amino acid salt, Dissolvine GL.
Dissolvine GL is produced by biochemical conversion of vegetable material (such as sugar beet waste).
This results in a good biological breakdown as is confirmed by the Closed Bottle biodegradability test (OECD 301D).
The greener nature of Dissolvine GL, compared to a wellknown chelate such as EDTA has also been quantified using internationally accepted standards: A biobased content analysis using ASTM-D6866 executed by a third party confirms the green nature of Dissolvine GL.
The measured mean biobased content of 53 percent is very close to the theoretical percentage of green carbon atoms in GLDA, i.e. the ones derived from vegetable MSG.
These account for 5 out of a total of 9 carbon atoms.

Description OF Dissolvine GL:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to cleansing compositions that are useful in cleansing the skin and hair and are characterized by having low irritation characteristics in combination with sufficient viscosity in the absence of ethoxylated surfactants.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cleansing compositions typically contain nonionic, anionic and/or amphoteric surfactants.
Of the nonionic surfactants, ethoxylated surfactants are typically utilized to increase the viscosity of the composition.
This leads to less dripping of the product and nice product aesthetics.

However, as is recognized in the art, there is a concern of ethoxylated surfactants potentially containing 1,4-dioxane and associated safety concerns.
Therefore, Dissolvine GL is desirable to provide cleansing compositions that are free of ethoxylated surfactants.

Removal of ethoxylated surfactants results in low viscosity, which is undesirable.
Therefore, there is a need for mild cleansing compositions that are free of ethoxylated surfactants and have sufficient viscosity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cleansing composition comprising, consisting essentially of and consisting of: (a) from about 3% to about 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition of an amphoteric surfactant; and (b) an alkyl glucoside surfactant, wherein a ratio of alkyl glucoside surfactant to amphoteric surfactant is at least 1 to 1, the composition is free of ethoxylated surfactants, and the composition has a viscosity of at least 2000 centipoise.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Applicants have discovered that the skin cleansing compositions of this invention exhibit a unique and unexpected combination of properties including relatively low irritation and relatively high viscosity for non-ethoxylated cleansing compositions.
This makes the compositions of this invention ideal for skin and hair care, including baby and infant skin, cosmetic or cleansing compositions.
The term “free of ethoxylated surfactants” means the compositions of the present invention contain less than 1%, for example less than 0.1% or 0% by weight ethoxylated surfactant.
To provide a more concise description, some of the quantitative expressions given herein are not qualified with the term “about”.
Dissolvine GL is understood that whether the term “about” is used explicitly or not, every quantity given herein is meant to refer to the actual given value, and Dissolvine GL is also meant to refer to the approximation to such given value that would reasonably be inferred based on the ordinary skill in the art, including approximations due to the experimental and/or measurement conditions for such given value.

To provide a more concise description, some of the quantitative expressions herein are recited as a range from about amount X to about amount Y.
Dissolvine GL is understood that wherein a range is recited, the range is not limited to the recited upper and lower bounds, but rather includes the full range from about amount X through about amount Y, or any amount or range therein.

Amphoteric Surfactants
Compositions of the present invention include an amphoteric surfactant. Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric surfactants are those selected from the group consisting of betaines, alkyliminoacetates, iminodialkanoates, and aminoalkanoates.
Examples of amphoteric surfactants of the present invention include disodium lauroamphodiacetate, sodium lauroamphoacetate, cetyl dimethyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine, and oleyl betaine.

Other examples of suitable betaine compounds include dodecyldimethylammonium acetate, tetradecyldimethylammonium acetate, hexadecyldimethylammonium acetate, alkyldimethylammonium acetate wherein the alkyl group averages about 12 to 18 carbon atoms in length, dodecyldimethylammonium butanoate, tetradecyldimethylammonium butanoate, hexadecyldimethylammonium butanoate, dodecyldimethylammonium hexanoate, hexadecyldimethylammonium hexanoate, tetradecyldimethylammonium pentanoate and tetradecyldipropyl ammonium pentanoate.
The amount of amphoteric surfactant in the compositions of the present invention may range from about 3% to about 20% by weight, for example from about, 4% to about 18% by weight and from about7% to about 15% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

Alkyl Glucoside
Compositions according to the present invention also include an alkyl glucoside surfactant.
Suitable alkyl glucoside surfactants include, but are not limited to, decyl glucoside, coco glucoside, lauryl glucoside, and polyglyceryl esters, such as but not limited to polyglyceryl-10 laurate and polyglyceryl-10 oleate.
The amount of alkyl glucoside surfactant in the compositions of the present invention may range from about 3% to about 20% by weight, for example from about 4% to about 18% by weight, and from about 7% to about 15% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

Compositions according to the present invention may also include an anionic surfactant. Suitable anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, sodium coco sulfate. The amount of anionic surfactant in the compositions of the present invention may range from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, for example from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
When an anionic surfactant is present in the compositions of the present invention, the ratio of the total amount of alkyl glucoside surfactant and anionic surfactant to amphoteric surfactant is at least 1 to 1.

Compositions according to the present invention have a viscosity of 2000 centipoise or more (Brookfield LVF, 6 rpm, spindle no. 2) at 25° C. in a stripped down formulation (water and surfactants).
The viscosity of the final formulation is at least 1000 centipoise (under the same testing conditions).

The cleansing compositions produced may further contain any of a variety of other components nonexclusively including additives which enhance the appearance, feel and fragrance of the compositions, such as colorants, fragrances, preservatives, pH adjusting agents and the like.
Any of a variety of non-ethoxylated nonionic surfactants are suitable for use in the compositions of this invention. Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl polyglucosides, polyglyceryl esters, mixtures thereof, and the like.
Certain preferred nonionic surfactants include alkyl polyglucosides, such as but not limited to coco-glucoside and decyl-glucoside, and polyglyceryl esters, such as but not limited to polyglyceryl-10 laurate and polyglyceryl-10 oleate.

Any of a variety of commercially available secondary conditioners, such as volatile silicones, which impart additional attributes, such as gloss to the hair are suitable for use in this invention.
In one embodiment, the volatile silicone conditioning agent has an atmospheric pressure boiling point less than about 220° C.
The volatile silicone conditioner may be present in an amount of from about 0 percent to about 3 percent, e.g. from about 0.25 percent to about 2.5 percent or from about 0.5 percent to about 1 percent, based on the overall weight of the composition.

Any of a variety of commercially available humectants, which are capable of providing moisturization and conditioning properties to the personal cleansing composition, are suitable for use in this invention. The humectant may be present in an amount of from about 0 percent to about 10 percent, e.g. from about 0.5 percent to about 5 percent or from about 0.5 percent to about 3 percent, based on the overall weight of the composition.
Examples of suitable humectants nonexclusively include: 1) water soluble liquid polyols selected from the group comprising glycerine, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof; 2)polyalkylene glycol of the formula: HO—(R″O)b—H, wherein R″ is an alkylene group having from about 2 to about 3 carbon atoms and b is an integer of from about 2 to about 10; 3) polyethylene glycol ether of methyl glucose of formula CH3—C6H10O5—(OCH2CH2)c—OH, wherein c is an integer from about 5 to about 25; 4) urea; and 5) mixtures thereof, with glycerine being the preferred humectant.

Examples of suitable chelating agents include those which are capable of protecting and preserving the compositions of this invention. Preferably, the chelating agent is ethylenediamine tetracetic acid (“EDTA”), and more preferably is tetrasodium EDTA, available commercially from Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Michigan under the tradename, “Versene 100XL” and is present in an amount, based upon the total weight of the composition, from about 0 to about 0.5 percent or from about 0.05 percent to about 0.25 percent.

Suitable preservatives include organic acid preservatives may include benzoic acid and alkali metal and ammonium salts thereof (e.g. sodium benzoate), sorbic acid and alkali metal and ammonium salts thereof (e.g. potassium sorbate), p-Anisic acid and alkali metal and ammonium salts thereof, and salicylic acid and alkali metal and ammonium salts thereof.
The pH of the composition may be adjusted to the appropriate acidic value using any cosmetically acceptable organic or inorganic acid, such as citric acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, or hydrochloric acid.

In one embodiment of the composition, sodium benzoate is present in the composition in an amount, based upon the total weight of the composition, from about 0 to about 0.5 percent. In another embodiment, potassium sorbate is present in the composition in an amount, based upon the total weight of the composition, from about 0 to about 0.6 percent, more preferably from about 0.3 to about 0.5 percent.

The ethoxylate free surfactant cleansing composition according to the present invention may include shampoos, 2 in 1 shampoo-conditioners, hair and body washes, washes, baths, gels, lotions, creams and the like.

The present invention provides for methods of cleansing a portion of the body including the skin and hair comprising contacting the body with the cleansing composition of the present invention.
The methods and compositions of this invention illustratively disclosed herein suitably may be practiced in the absence of any component, ingredient, or step which is not specifically disclosed herein.
Several examples are set forth below to further illustrate the nature of the invention and the manner of carrying it out. However, the invention should not be considered as being limited to the details thereof.

Computed Properties of Dissolvine GL

Molecular Weight: 351.13
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 9
Rotatable Bond Count. 5
Exact Mass: 350.99189337
Monoisotopic Mass: 350.99189337
Topological Polar Surface Area: 164 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge : 0
Complexity: 314
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 5
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Synonyms of Dissolvine GL
51981-21-6
tetrasodium glutamate diacetate
GLDA
Tetrasodium N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamate
Tetrasodium N,N-bis(carboxylatomethyl)-L-glutamate
5EHL50I4MY
N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic Acid Tetrasodium Salt
L-Glutamic acid, N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1:4)
tetrasodium;(2S)-2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]pentanedioate
N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid tetrasodium salt (ca. 40% in Water)
UNII-5EHL50I4MY
EINECS 257-573-7
DISSOLVINE GL
CHELEST CMG-40
EC 257-573-7
DTXSID2052158
MFCD01862262
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE [INCI]

DISSOLVINE GL-38 = TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE


CAS Number 51981-21-6
EC Number: 257-573-7
Chemical formula GLDA-Na4 / C9H9NO8Na4
Chemical name Glutamic acid, N,N-biacetic acid, tetrasodium salt


Dissolvine GL-38 is a concentrated aqueous solution of an amino acid based natural chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL-38 is highly effective at low concentrations of water at a very wide acidic and alkaline pH range.
Dissolvine GL-38 is readily biodegradable and can be considered as one of the most environmentally friendly chelators without compromising product performance.


Dissolvine GL-38 is the latest, most green and strong chelate.
Dissolvine GL-38 has an exceptional high solubility at high and low pH.
The majority of the molecule originates from a natural, renewable source.
Dissolvine GL-38 are standard multi-purpose liquid chelating agent.


Dissolvine GL-38 is amino polycarboxylate chelating agents.
Dissolvine GL-38 forms stable chelates with polyvalent metal ions over a wide pH range.
Dissolvine GL-38 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


Dissolvine GL-38 is a rinsing aid.
Dissolvine GL-38 is a vegetable-based chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL-38 is a palm oil-, EDTA- and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-free chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL-38 research shows the ingredient is not a strong skin irritant.


Dissolvine GL-38 exhibits dispersion properties combined with easier rinsing.
Dissolvine GL-38 offers enhanced biocidal/preservative boosting power.
Dissolvine GL-38 is recommended for wash-off formulations, wipes, shaving products, fragrances, toiletries, makeup, skin-, sun-, baby & oral care products.


Using a chelating agent helps to slow this process, allowing for the creation of products with improved stability and appearance.
This also improves the effectiveness of preservative ingredients, allowing us to use a lower percentage of these, for safer shelf-stable products.
Dissolvine GL-38 is readily biodegradable with a high level of solubility over a wide pH range, thus a greener alternative to many other chelates and phosphates.


Dissolvine GL-38 has Excellent chelating effect controlling metal catalyzed decomposition.
Dissolvine GL-38 reduces water hardness and prevents precipitation.
Dissolvine GL-38 boosts performance of preservatives improving shelf life.
Dissolvine GL-38 Stabilizes the pH value and is effective in wide pH range.


Dissolvine GL-38 does not sensitize human skin.
Dissolvine GL-38 is Completely biodegradable as compared to phosphates and phosphonates.
Dissolvine GL-38 is an effective alternative to EDTA.
Dissolvine GL-38 , also known as Tetrasodium Dicarboxymethyl Glutamate, GLDA-Na4 for short.


Dissolvine GL-38 is a new type of green degradable chelating agent, can replace traditional phosphonates, EDTA, NTA.
Dissolvine GL-38 is suit for a wide pH range, with high solubility, high temperature resistance, strong detergency, no ecological toxicity, has synergistic effect with fungicides, and no irritation to skin and eyes.
Dissolvine GL-38 is a safe synthetic chelating agent with natural origins.


Dissolvine GL-38 is what's known as a 'chelating agent', an ingredient that inactivates metallic ions (charged particles) in product formulations.
Dissolvine GL-38 is a high purity, versatile and readily biodegradable chelating agent based upon L-glutamic acid, a natural and renewable raw material.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DISSOLVINE GL-38:
As a conditioner, Dissolvine GL-38 softens well, it turns out a pleasant to the touch soft, naturally soft fabric.
Dissolvine GL-38 is as if after washing the clothes were dried in the yard.
Dissolvine GL-38 is a safe and readily biodegradable chelating agent that can be used as alternative for phosphates, NTA and EDTA, in a number of applications, such as detergents, personal care and cosmetics, hard surface cleaning, automatic and mechanical dishwashing, oilfield etc.


Dissolvine GL-38 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Dissolvine GL-38 is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, air care products and biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products).


Other release to the environment of Dissolvine GL-38 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Release to the environment of Dissolvine GL-38 can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal) and industrial abrasion processing with high release rate (e.g. sanding operations or paint stripping by shot-blasting).


Other release to the environment of Dissolvine GL-38 is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Dissolvine GL-38 can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material).


Dissolvine GL-38 is used cleaning agents, detergents, textile auxiliaries, daily chemicals, oilfield water treatment, pulp and paper auxiliaries, metal surface treatment, etc.
Dissolvine GL-38 is suitable to be used in personal care and cosmetics products, due to the strong chelating ability of calcium and transition metal ions prolonging the shelf life of many products.


Dissolvine GL-38 L is used in cosmetics and personal care.
Dissolvine GL-38 is used water treatment, Industrial detergents and cleaners, hard surface cleaners, Dishwashing Detergents, Laundry detergents HDL and LDL, paper industry, Cosmetic/personal care products, Textile auxiliaries, preservative booster.
Dissolvine GL-38 serves the same function in formulations as EDTA, without the health and environmental concerns.


Dissolvine GL-38 is used in bath soaps, detergents and non-spray deodorant product.
Dissolvine GL-38 is often found in sunscreen, facial cleanser, shampoo, makeup, lotion, and other products.
Dissolvine GL-38 is highly effective in removing stains and increases the activity of substances that kill or limit the growth of harmful organisms.


Dissolvine GL-38 also promotes the preservation and stability of soaps.
The dispersion properties of Dissolvine GL-38 also keep soils suspended in the wash and rinse water, preventing re-deposition of dirt on cleaned surfaces and guaranteeing easy rinsing in applications such as dishwashing.
Dissolvine GL-38 is made from plant material, readily biodegradable, with high solubility over a wide pH range.


Strong chelating ability of Dissolvine GL-38:
Dissolvine GL-38 has a good effect on all kinds of difficult-to-clean calcium scales or difficult-to-clean equipment.
Dissolvine GL-38 is a multi-purpose, clear, liquid chelating agent and preservative booster.
Dissolvine GL-38 is widely used in personal care, cleaning and detergents, industrial cleaning and oil industry.


Dissolvine GL-38 usually appears as an odourless white powder that is soluble in water, and is used as a multi-purpose, clear, liquid chelating agent and preservative booster.
Dissolvine GL-38 is used Cleaning and detergents, Industrial cleaning, Oil industry, personal care, and Pulp and paper.
Dissolvine GL-38 binds with metal ions in the water supply to prevent scale formation.


Soils form complexes with metal ions and bind to surfaces.
These bonds make cleaning and removal of these earth-metal complexes difficult.
The strong chelating and dispersing properties of Dissolvine GL-38 facilitate the removal of metal ions from soils, resulting in greatly improved cleaning performance.


Fewer water droplets left on surfaces reduces the need to rinse repeatedly to get soap off (and therefore reduces water consumption).
Dissolvine GL-38 works as a stabilizer in cosmetic formulations to prevent the natural discoloration of shampoos and gels.
Dissolvine GL-38 is used to enhance and preservative the formulation's ingredients and also acts as a heavy metal chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL-38 has many uses from foods to personal care products.


On an industrial level Dissolvine GL-38 is used in the cutting of fabrics, in the processing or grinding of metals and in the operations of sanding or stripping.
Dissolvine GL-38 is NTA free and also works great as a protective enhancer.
Dissolvine GL-38 can be used as a more sustainable alternative to phosphonates and commonly used chelating agents (NTA and EDTA) in a wide number of applications.


Dissolvine GL-38 can be used in many applications such as industrial and household cleaners for improving the detergency.
Dissolvine GL-38 when added to a formulation can help stabilize the product and prevent discoloration.
Dissolvine GL-38 is used as a chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL-38 also reduces the effect of Calcium and Magnesium ions resulting in better surfactant performance.


Dissolvine GL-38 is used Shampoo Release agent to improve stability in shampoos and cleansers
Dissolvine GL-38 is used Textile Industry to prevent metal ion impurities from changing colors of dyed products
Foods used as preservatives to prevent catalytic oxidative discoloration in certain foods
Dissolvine GL-38 can replace EDTA 1:1 and can be used in products as well as cosmetics and personal care products.


Dissolvine GL-38 works as a chelating agent : Dissolvine GL-38 prevents precipitates from forming inside the product in which it is inserted that could alter the stability and final pleasantness of the cosmetic.
Dissolvine GL-38 is used as a preservative.
Dissolvine GL-38 can be widely used in Personal Care and Cleaning applications.


Dissolvine GL-38 is used Excellent chelating/rinsing agent compared to conventional options good guardians.
Dissolvine GL-38 is suitable to be used in personal care and cosmetics
Dissolvine GL-38 is added to products for skin care, body and hair care, make-up, but also to cleaners, disposable wet wipes and soaps.
Dissolvine GL-38 is also found in detergents, cleansing wipes, bar soap, and other cleaning products.


Dissolvine GL-38 stabilizes the color of the product and improves their durability.
Commercial use of Dissolvine GL-38: body lotions, skin cream, Shampoo, Toothpastes, and makeup.
Dissolvine GL-38 is found in the following products:
liquid and solid soap, solid shampoo, intimate hygiene products, baby wipes, face lotions and cleansers, make up, skincare products, sun cream.


Dissolvine GL-38 is a multi-purpose clear liquid agent that supports the effectiveness of preservatives.
We can find Dissolvine GL, for example, in hair and body cosmetics, make-up, etc.
Dissolvine GL-38 works as a stabilizer in cosmetic formulations to prevent the natural discoloration of soaps shampoos and gels.
Dissolvine GL-38 also acts as a chelating agent and is used to enhance and preserve the formulation's ingredients.


Dissolvine GL-38 is NTA free and also functions great as a preservative booster.
Dissolvine GL-38 bonds with metal ions in the water supply to prevent scale formation.
The strong chelating and dispersion properties of Dissolvine GL-38 facilitate the removal of metal ions from soils leading to a greatly improved cleaning performance.


In larger quantities Dissolvine GL-38 will enhance the cleaning ability and prevent deactivation of active ingredients during use.
Dissolvine GL-38 can also be found in detergents, waxes, polishes, disinfectants, pest control products and air care products.
Dissolvine GL-38 is found in sunscreen, facial cleanser, shampoo, makeup, lotion, and other products.
Dissolvine GL-38 can be found in shampoos, conditioners, make-up, but also in wet wipes or soaps.


Dissolvine GL-38 offers unique opportunity for skin friendly personal care product development.
Dissolvine GL-38 is also used in personal care products.
Dissolvine GL-38 is free from genetically modified raw materials and is not irritating to skin or eyes, these properties are suitable in the development of new personal care products.


Dissolvine GL-38 is used Mild chelating agent, which helps to stabilize the formulation
Dissolvine GL-38 operates across wide range of pH making it conducive to use in strongly alkaline hard surface cleaning applications that includes food processing, kitchen cleaning and automatic dishwashing products.
Dissolvine GL-38 acts as a rinsing aid in products.


Dissolvine GL-38 is used in cosmetic products as a support for preservatives.
Dissolvine GL-38 extends the shelf life of the product and prevents the growth of microorganisms.
Dissolvine GL-38 is a plant-based chelating agent.
Chelators are substances that are used to maintain the stability and appearance of cosmetic products.


Dissolvine GL-38 is used in sunscreens, facial cleansers, shampoos, makeup, lotions.
You can also find Dissolvine GL-38 in detergents, cleansing wipes, bar soap, and other cleaning products.
Dissolvine GL-38 is used Hard Surface Cleaners, Laundry Detergents HDL and LDL, Cosmetics/Personal Care Products, Industrial Cleaners, Shaving Products, Pulp and Paper Production, Gas Sweetener, Wet wipes, Polymer Production, Dishwashing Liquids, Textile, protective booster, Fertilizers, Distribution aid for micronutrients for plants


-Boilers:
Dissolvine GL-38 is used to prevent lime formation in boilers due to water hardness.
-CHELATING:
Binds metal ions that could adversely affect the stability and quality of cosmetic products
-Titrations:
Dissolvine GL-38 is Used in complexometric titrations and analysis of water hardness


-Uses of Dissolvine GL-38:
Dissolvine GL-38 solutions for broad portfolio of industrial applications: Dissolvine GL-38 is instrumental in reducing the detrimental effect of metal ions in various industrial processes such as paper manufacturing, personal care formulations, food processing industry, pharmaceutical formulations, metal working area etc.


-Dissolvine GL-38 and skin:
Dissolvine GL-38 is very gentle on the skin and has antibacterial effects.
Dissolvine GL-38 helps with inflammatory symptoms and acne.


-Dissolvine GL-38 and hair:
Dissolvine GL-38 is added to anti-dandruff shampoo.
Dissolvine GL-38 prevents their formation and gently cares for the scalp.


-Formulation flexibility, compatibility and Synergy:
There is an increased interest in the use of Dissolvine GL-38 in disinfectant formulations.
Like tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Dissolvine GL-38 can be used together with biocides to improve the biocidal performance of a disinfection system.


-High solubility under wide pH:
Dissolvine GL-38 has good solubility in strong acid to high alkali systems, and has better advantages for formulating high active ingredients and low water content formulation systems.


-Dissolvine GL-38 Has the effect of antiseptic and synergistic:
Because it has natural amino acid components, Dissolvine GL-38 has a stronger binding ability with animal cell walls, and thus play a role in antiseptic and synergistic.


-Good stability under high temperature:
By thermogravimetric analysis, Dissolvine GL-38 is tested at 170°C for 6 hours or at 150°C for a week.
Dissolvine GL-38 has no decomposition and is extremely stable.
Compared with other chelating agent products at 100°C, Dissolvine GL-38 has the best performance.


-Dissolvine GL-38 – Standard grade, 38% active solids in solution, ideal for I&I applications:
*Synergistic complexing agent for disinfectants (low skin irritation)
*Significantly enhances cleaning power in case of increased water hardness
*The cleaning effect on hard surfaces is enhanced in combination with glucoheptonates.
*Descaler for high pH
*Dissolvine GL-38 is inhibitor of scale formation during washing and in dishwashing detergents.
*Dissolvine GL-38 enhances stain-removing power in dishwashing detergents, better than citrates and phosphates
*Scale inhibitor in sanitary ware cleaners
*Dissolvine GL-38 improves cleansing power and lather in shampoo production
*Dissolvine GL-38 provides storage stability for products containing bleaches such as perborates and percarbonates, as well as surfactants based on an unsaturated alkyl chain. Vehicle cleaning: high pH oil and rust removal, NTA chelating agent can be substituted in the formulation


-Applications of Dissolvine GL-38:
*Automatic dishwash tabs, gels and capsules
*Cleaning products
*Cosmetics


-Household cleaners and detergents uses of Dissolvine GL-38:
Liquid laundry detergents, stain removers, conditioners, dishwasher detergents, surface cleaners;
-Cosmetic care products uses of Dissolvine GL-38:
Liquid soaps, shampoos, hair balms, shower gels and foams, wet wipes, balms, face and body creams.


-Applications of Dissolvine GL-38:
*Synergistic complexing agent for disinfectants (with low skin irritation)
*Significantly enhances cleaning power at increased water hardness
*Hard surface cleaning action is enhanced in combination with glucoheptonates
*Descaling agent at high pH
*Scale inhibitor washing time and in dishwashing detergents. Enhances stain removal capacity in dishwashing detergents, better than citrates and phosphates
*Scale inhibitor in sanitary ware cleaners
*Improves cleaning power and foaming in the shampoo industry
*Provides storage stability for products containing bleaches such as perborates and percarbonates, and unsaturated alkyl chain surfactants.
*Cleaning of vehicles: removal of oil and rust at high pH, ​​it is possible to replace the NTA complexing agent in the recipe



BENEFITS OF DISSOLVINE GL-38:
*biodegradable & non toxic
*Scale prevention and removal
*Improves the bleaching process
*Produced from Bio-based raw material (L-Glutamic acid)



FUNCTIONS OF DISSOLVINE GL-38:
*Chelating Agent
*Stabilizer-Viscosity



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DISSOLVINE GL-38:
Molecular Weigh: 351.13
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 9
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 350.99189337
Monoisotopic Mass: 350.99189337
Topological Polar Surface Area: 164 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 22
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 314
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 5
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00

Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
Soluble in: water
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO
Molecular Weight: 354.15
Appearance: Solid powder
Storage: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks)
or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Appearance: Light yellow viscous liquid
Content /%: ≥47
pH value: ≥8.5
Density(20℃) g/cm3: ≥1.20
Appearance: Clear colorless to turbid yellowish liquid
Odor: Characteristic odor
Color (APHA): 100 Max
pH (1% aq.): 10.0-12.0
Freezing point (℃): 0 Max



FIRST AID MEASURES of DISSOLVINE GL-38:
-Inhalation:
Remove victim to fresh air.
-Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing, shoes and equipment.
Wash all affected areas with soapand plenty of water.
Wash contaminated clothing and shoes before reuse.
-Eye Contact:
Flush eyes with large quantities of running water for a minimum of 15 minutes.
If the victim is wearing contact lenses, remove them.
-Ingestion:
Give several glasses of water.
Give fluids again.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DISSOLVINE GL-38:
-Methods for containment:
Safely stop source of spill.
-Methods for clean-up:
Soak up liquid residue with a suitable absorbent such as clay, sawdust or kitty litter.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DISSOLVINE GL-38:
-Flammable properties:
Not flammable or combustible.
*Extinguishing Media:
Use water fog or spray, dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide extinguishing agents.
-Fire & Explosion Hazards:
This product is not defined as flammable or combustible and should not be a firehazard.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DISSOLVINE GL-38:
-Engineering Controls & Ventilation:
Special ventilation is usually not required under normal use conditions.
-Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
*Hygiene Measures:
All food and smoking materials should be kept in a separate area away from the storage/use location.
Before eating, drinking and smoking, hands and faceshould be thoroughly washed.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DISSOLVINE GL-38:
-Storage:
Keep containers closed and dry.
This material is suitable for any general chemical storage area.
Store in PVC, PE, stainless steel or bituminized tanks.
-Recommended Storage Temperature:
Store in a cool and dry place at ambient temperature (below 25°C / 77°F).
-General Comments:
Containers should not be opened until ready for use.
Opened containers must be closedagain properly.
It is advised to re-test the product after three years of storage



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DISSOLVINE GL-38:
-Chemical stability:
This product is stable under recommended storage and handling conditions.
It is not self-reactive and is not sensitive to physical impact.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
Hazardous polymerization is not expected to occur under normal temperatures and pressures.



SYNONYMS:
Tetrasodium N , N -bis(carboxylatomethyl) -L -glutamate
L -glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
( S )-glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
N , N -bis (carboxymethyl) -L -glutamic acid tetrasodium salt
GLDA-Na 4
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE ( INCI )
Dissolvine GL
CHELEST CMG-40
DISSOLVINE GL
GLUTAMIC ACID N,N-DIACETIC ACID SODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, SODIUM SALT (1:4)
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, TETRASODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID-N,N-DI(ACETIC ACID) TETRASODIUM SALT
N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)GLUTAMIC ACID TETRASODIUM SALT
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE [INCI]
TETRASODIUM N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-L-GLUTAMATE
Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate
Tetrasodium Dicarboxymethyl Glutamate
Tetrasodium N , N -bis(carboxylatomethyl) -L -glutamate
L -glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
( S )-glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
N , N -bis (carboxymethyl) -L -glutamic acid tetrasodium salt
GLDA-Na 4
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE ( INCI )
Dissolvine GL
CHELEST CMG-40
DISSOLVINE GL
GLUTAMIC ACID N,N-DIACETIC ACID SODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, SODIUM SALT (1:4)
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, TETRASODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID-N,N-DI(ACETIC ACID) TETRASODIUM SALT
N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)GLUTAMIC ACID TETRASODIUM SALT
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE [INCI]
TETRASODIUM N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-L-GLUTAMATE
L-GLUTAMIC ACID
N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)- TETRASODIUM SALT
N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)- TETRASODIUM SALT L-GLUTAMIC ACID
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE
TETRASODIUM N,N-BIS(CARBOXYLATOMETHYL)-L-GLUTAMATE
TETRASODIUM SALT L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-
L-Aspartic Acid, N, N-bis(zarboxylatomethyl )-L-glutamate
Tetrasodium N,N-bis(carboxylatomethyl)-L-glutamate
tetrasodium glutamate diacetate
GLDA
Tetrasodium N,N-bis(carboxylatomethyl)-L-glutamate
5EHL50I4MY
N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic Acid Tetrasodium Salt
Tetrasodium N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamate
tetrasodium;(2S)-2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]pentanedioate
L-Glutamic acid, N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1:4)
UNII-5EHL50I4MY
DTXSID2052158
Q25393000
Sodium (S)-2-(bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino)pentanedioate
N,N-BIS-(CARBOXYMETHYL)-L-GLUTAMIC ACID TETRASODIUMN SALT
N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid tetrasodium salt (ca. 40% in Water)
tetrasodium mono((S)-2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)-4-carboxybutanoate)
L-glutamic acid, N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1:4)

DISSOLVINE GL-47-S = TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE


CAS Number 51981-21-6
EC Number: 257-573-7
Chemical formula: GLDA-Na4 / C9H9NO8Na4
Chemical Name: Glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid, tetra sodium salt


Dissolvine GL-47-S is Aminopolycarboxylate chelating agent (glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid tetrasodium salt, CAS# 51981-21-6) that is 58% biobased (ASTM D6866).
Dissolvine GL-47-S is also readily biodegradable and safe for man and the environment.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is available as a 47% solution in water, Dissolvine GL-47-S in solid form.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is a high purity, versatile and readily biodegradable chelate based upon L-glutamic acid, a natural and renewable raw material.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is a far more effective chelating agent compared to phosphates and phosphonates
Dissolvine GL-47-S acts as a chelating agent.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is a Glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid, tetrasodium salt (GLDA) Dissolvine GL-47-S is a bio-based, readily biodegradable, cruelty free, globally acceptable and effective chelating agent for Personal Care.
With an outstanding environmental profile and friendly INCI name, Dissolvine GL-47-S’s an ideal choice to bring enhanced preservation, stability, and performance to your formulations.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is a high purity, versatile and readily biodegradable chelate based on L-glutamic acid, a natural and renewable raw material.
“The Green Chelate,” Dissolvine GL-47-S (Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate) is a high purity, versatile and readily biodegradable chelate based upon L-glutamic acid, a natural and renewable raw material.
In November 2013, Dissolvine GL-47-S officially received DfE designation and the recognition from the U.S. EPA that Dissolvine GL-47-S is green and performs highly effectively.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is a high purity, versatile and readily biodegradable chelate based upon L-glutamic acid, a natural and renewable raw material.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is transparent pale yellow liquid with a slight ammonia smell.
Dissolvine GL-47-S are standard multi-purpose liquid chelating agents.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is tetrasodium glutamic acid oxalate (GLDA-NA4). GLDA has four carboxylic acid groups, which can combine the nitrogen atom in the center of the molecular structure with the second-order and third-order metal ions, through a strong multiple bonds for bonding.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is made from food-grade natural amino acid salt monosodium L-glutamate (MSG).
Using this bio-based raw material enables more than half of the carbon in GLDA to be bio-based.


This natural amino acid structure in the molecule of Dissolvine GL-47-S makes it easily recognized as food by bacteria, thus making GLDA easy to biodegrade.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is a strong chelating agent for hard water metal ions (such as Ca2+), which can enhance the softness, cleaning power and stability of detergent formulations.
Dissolvine GL-47-S has strong compatibility and stability for most enzyme preparations.


Dissolvine GL-47-S (GLDA Na) are amino polycarboxylate chelating agents.
Dissolvine GL-47-S, is convenient for the preparation of highly concentrated formulations (solid or liquid).
Dissolvine GL-47-S readily dissolves in water to yield a clear, slightly yellow liquid, is hygroscopic and should be stored in closed bags or containers until it is used.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is a rinsing aid.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is a vegetable-based chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is a palm oil-, EDTA- and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-free chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL-47-S research shows the ingredient is not a strong skin irritant.


Dissolvine GL-47-S exhibits dispersion properties combined with easier rinsing.
Dissolvine GL-47-S offers enhanced biocidal/preservative boosting power.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is recommended for wash-off formulations, wipes, shaving products, fragrances, toiletries, makeup, skin-, sun-, baby & oral care products.


Using a chelating agent helps to slow this process, allowing for the creation of products with improved stability and appearance.
This also improves the effectiveness of preservative ingredients, allowing us to use a lower percentage of these, for safer shelf-stable products.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is readily biodegradable with a high level of solubility over a wide pH range, thus a greener alternative to many other chelates and phosphates.


Dissolvine GL-47-S has Excellent chelating effect controlling metal catalyzed decomposition.
Dissolvine GL-47-S reduces water hardness and prevents precipitation.
Dissolvine GL-47-S boosts performance of preservatives improving shelf life.
Dissolvine GL-47-S Stabilizes the pH value and is effective in wide pH range.


Dissolvine GL-47-S does not sensitize human skin.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is Completely biodegradable as compared to phosphates and phosphonates.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is an effective alternative to EDTA.
Dissolvine GL-47-S , also known as Tetrasodium Dicarboxymethyl Glutamate, GLDA-Na4 for short.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is a new type of green degradable chelating agent, can replace traditional phosphonates, EDTA, NTA.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is suit for a wide pH range, with high solubility, high temperature resistance, strong detergency, no ecological toxicity, has synergistic effect with fungicides, and no irritation to skin and eyes.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is a safe synthetic chelating agent with natural origins.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is what's known as a 'chelating agent', an ingredient that inactivates metallic ions (charged particles) in product formulations.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is a high purity, versatile and readily biodegradable chelating agent based upon L-glutamic acid, a natural and renewable raw material.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DISSOLVINE GL-47-S:
Dissolvine GL-47-S is used boosting agent for disinfecting products, scale inhibitor in laundering and dishwashing applications, booster for stain removal in dish washing detergents, scum inhibitor in bathroom cleaners, shampoo applications, transport cleaners.
Dissolvine GL-47-S can be used in bath & shower products, cosmetics, hair care & colourings, powders, body treatments, personal care wipes, and also as a builder for cleaners and detergents.


Dissolvine GL-47-S – High Purity, NTA free grade with 47% solids in solution, ideal for highly concentrated formulations and Home and Body care applications.
In personal care & cosmetics, Dissolvine GL-47-S is used for controlling metal catalyzed decomposition for better shelf life, controlling water hardness and prevention of precipitation, boosting the performance of preservatives.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is used in bath, shower products, color cosmetic, ethnic hair, hair color/dye, hair gel, hair spray, mousse, powder, shampoo, styling product, treatment, and wipes.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is used additives for personal cleansing and cosmetics, hair styling and hair care.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is used cleaning agents, detergents, textile auxiliaries, daily chemicals, oilfield water treatment, pulp and paper auxiliaries, metal surface treatment, etc.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is suitable to be used in personal care and cosmetics products, due to the strong chelating ability of calcium and transition metal ions prolonging the shelf life of many products.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is used in cosmetics and personal care.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is used water treatment, Industrial detergents and cleaners, hard surface cleaners, Dishwashing Detergents, Laundry detergents HDL and LDL, paper industry, Cosmetic/personal care products, Textile auxiliaries, preservative booster.
Dissolvine GL-47-S serves the same function in formulations as EDTA, without the health and environmental concerns.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is used in bath soaps, detergents and non-spray deodorant product.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is often found in sunscreen, facial cleanser, shampoo, makeup, lotion, and other products.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is highly effective in removing stains and increases the activity of substances that kill or limit the growth of harmful organisms.


Dissolvine GL-47-S also promotes the preservation and stability of soaps.
The dispersion properties of Dissolvine GL-47-S also keep soils suspended in the wash and rinse water, preventing re-deposition of dirt on cleaned surfaces and guaranteeing easy rinsing in applications such as dishwashing.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is made from plant material, readily biodegradable, with high solubility over a wide pH range.


Strong chelating ability of Dissolvine GL-47-S :
Dissolvine GL-47-S has a good effect on all kinds of difficult-to-clean calcium scales or difficult-to-clean equipment.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is a multi-purpose, clear, liquid chelating agent and preservative booster.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is widely used in personal care, cleaning and detergents, industrial cleaning and oil industry.


Dissolvine GL-47-S usually appears as an odourless white powder that is soluble in water, and is used as a multi-purpose, clear, liquid chelating agent and preservative booster.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is used Cleaning and detergents, Industrial cleaning, Oil industry, personal care, and Pulp and paper.
Dissolvine GL-47-S binds with metal ions in the water supply to prevent scale formation.


Soils form complexes with metal ions and bind to surfaces.
These bonds make cleaning and removal of these earth-metal complexes difficult.
The strong chelating and dispersing properties of Dissolvine GL-47-S facilitate the removal of metal ions from soils, resulting in greatly improved cleaning performance.


Fewer water droplets left on surfaces reduces the need to rinse repeatedly to get soap off (and therefore reduces water consumption).
Dissolvine GL-47-S works as a stabilizer in cosmetic formulations to prevent the natural discoloration of shampoos and gels.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is used to enhance and preservative the formulation's ingredients and also acts as a heavy metal chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL-47-S has many uses from foods to personal care products.


On an industrial level Dissolvine GL-47-S is used in the cutting of fabrics, in the processing or grinding of metals and in the operations of sanding or stripping.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is NTA free and also works great as a protective enhancer.
Dissolvine GL-47-S can be used as a more sustainable alternative to phosphonates and commonly used chelating agents (NTA and EDTA) in a wide number of applications.


Dissolvine GL-47-S can be used in many applications such as industrial and household cleaners for improving the detergency.
Dissolvine GL-47-S when added to a formulation can help stabilize the product and prevent discoloration.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is used as a chelating agent.
Dissolvine GL-47-S also reduces the effect of Calcium and Magnesium ions resulting in better surfactant performance.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is used Shampoo Release agent to improve stability in shampoos and cleansers
Dissolvine GL-47-S is used Textile Industry to prevent metal ion impurities from changing colors of dyed products
Foods used as preservatives to prevent catalytic oxidative discoloration in certain foods
Dissolvine GL-47-S can replace EDTA 1:1 and can be used in products as well as cosmetics and personal care products.


Dissolvine GL-47-S works as a chelating agent : Dissolvine GL-47-S prevents precipitates from forming inside the product in which it is inserted that could alter the stability and final pleasantness of the cosmetic.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is used as a preservative.
Dissolvine GL-47-S can be widely used in Personal Care and Cleaning applications.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is used Excellent chelating/rinsing agent compared to conventional options good guardians.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is suitable to be used in personal care and cosmetics
Dissolvine GL-47-S is added to products for skin care, body and hair care, make-up, but also to cleaners, disposable wet wipes and soaps.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is also found in detergents, cleansing wipes, bar soap, and other cleaning products.


Dissolvine GL-47-S stabilizes the color of the product and improves their durability.
Commercial use of Dissolvine GL-47-S L: body lotions, skin cream, Shampoo, Toothpastes, and makeup.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is found in the following products:
liquid and solid soap, solid shampoo, intimate hygiene products, baby wipes, face lotions and cleansers, make up, skincare products, sun cream.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is a multi-purpose clear liquid agent that supports the effectiveness of preservatives.
We can find Dissolvine GL-47-S , for example, in hair and body cosmetics, make-up, etc.
Dissolvine GL-47-S works as a stabilizer in cosmetic formulations to prevent the natural discoloration of soaps shampoos and gels.
Dissolvine GL-47-S also acts as a chelating agent and is used to enhance and preserve the formulation's ingredients.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is NTA free and also functions great as a preservative booster.
Dissolvine GL-47-S bonds with metal ions in the water supply to prevent scale formation.
The strong chelating and dispersion properties of Dissolvine GL-47-S facilitate the removal of metal ions from soils leading to a greatly improved cleaning performance.


In larger quantities Dissolvine GL-47-S will enhance the cleaning ability and prevent deactivation of active ingredients during use.
Dissolvine GL-47-S can also be found in detergents, waxes, polishes, disinfectants, pest control products and air care products.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is found in sunscreen, facial cleanser, shampoo, makeup, lotion, and other products.
Dissolvine GL-47-S can be found in shampoos, conditioners, make-up, but also in wet wipes or soaps.


Dissolvine GL-47-S offers unique opportunity for skin friendly personal care product development.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is also used in personal care products.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is free from genetically modified raw materials and is not irritating to skin or eyes, these properties are suitable in the development of new personal care products.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is used Mild chelating agent, which helps to stabilize the formulation
Dissolvine GL-47-S operates across wide range of pH making it conducive to use in strongly alkaline hard surface cleaning applications that includes food processing, kitchen cleaning and automatic dishwashing products.
Dissolvine GL-47-S acts as a rinsing aid in products.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is used in cosmetic products as a support for preservatives.
Dissolvine GL-47-S extends the shelf life of the product and prevents the growth of microorganisms.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is a plant-based chelating agent.
Chelators are substances that are used to maintain the stability and appearance of cosmetic products.


Dissolvine GL-47-S is used in sunscreens, facial cleansers, shampoos, makeup, lotions.
You can also find Dissolvine GL-47-S in detergents, cleansing wipes, bar soap, and other cleaning products.
Dissolvine GL-47-S is used Hard Surface Cleaners, Laundry Detergents HDL and LDL, Cosmetics/Personal Care Products, Industrial Cleaners, Shaving Products, Pulp and Paper Production, Gas Sweetener, Wet wipes, Polymer Production, Dishwashing Liquids, Textile, protective booster, Fertilizers, Distribution aid for micronutrients for plants


-Boilers:
Dissolvine GL-47-S is used to prevent lime formation in boilers due to water hardness.
-CHELATING:
Binds metal ions that could adversely affect the stability and quality of cosmetic products
-Titrations:
Dissolvine GL-47-S is Used in complexometric titrations and analysis of water hardness


-Uses of Dissolvine GL-47-S :
Dissolvine GL-47-S solutions for broad portfolio of industrial applications:
Dissolvine GL-47-S is instrumental in reducing the detrimental effect of metal ions in various industrial processes such as paper manufacturing, personal care formulations, food processing industry, pharmaceutical formulations, metal working area etc.


-Dissolvine GL-47-S and skin:
Dissolvine GL-47-S is very gentle on the skin and has antibacterial effects.
Dissolvine GL-47-S helps with inflammatory symptoms and acne.


-Dissolvine GL-47-S and hair:
Dissolvine GL-47-S is added to anti-dandruff shampoo.
Dissolvine GL-47-S prevents their formation and gently cares for the scalp.


-Formulation flexibility, compatibility and Synergy:
There is an increased interest in the use of Dissolvine GL-47-S in disinfectant formulations.
Like tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Dissolvine GL-47-S can be used together with biocides to improve the biocidal performance of a disinfection system.


-High solubility under wide pH:
Dissolvine GL-47-S has good solubility in strong acid to high alkali systems, and has better advantages for formulating high active ingredients and low water content formulation systems.


-Dissolvine GL-47-S Has the effect of antiseptic and synergistic:
Because it has natural amino acid components, Dissolvine GL-47-S has a stronger binding ability with animal cell walls, and thus play a role in antiseptic and synergistic.


-Good stability under high temperature:
By thermogravimetric analysis, Dissolvine GL-47-S is tested at 170°C for 6 hours or at 150°C for a week.
Dissolvine GL-47-S has no decomposition and is extremely stable.
Compared with other chelating agent products at 100°C, Dissolvine GL-47-S has the best performance.


-Applications of Dissolvine GL-47-S:
*washable and indelible cosmetics, including children's
*hypoallergenic high-performance laundry and dishwashing detergents


-Applications of Dissolvine GL-47-S:
*Boosting agent for disinfecting products (with low skin irritation)
*Improved detergency at high water hardness
*Hard surface cleaning performance is improved in combination with *Gluco(hepto)nates.
*Scale removal at high pH
*Scale inhibitor in laundering and dishwashing applications.
*Booster for stain removal in dish washing detergents better than citrates and phosphates
*Scum inhibitor in bathroom cleaners
*Improved cleaning & foaming in shampoo applications.
*Storage stabilization of bleaching agents (perborates / percarbonates) and unsaturated alkyl chain based surfactants.
*Transport cleaners: Oil and Iron removal at high pH replacement for NTA



PROPERTIES OF DISSOLVINE GL-47-S:
Dissolvine GL-47-S is a highly purified, fully biodegradable complexing agent based on L-glutamic acid, a renewable raw material of natural origin.
Dissolvine GL-47-S improves the washing properties of the product in hard water.
Dissolvine GL-47-S enhances the action of preservatives against bacteria and fungi.
Dissolvine GL-47-S improves the shelf life and appearance of the product.



FUNCTIONS OF DISSOLVINE GL-47-S:
(1) Derived from natural products, reproducible and rapidly biodegradable
(2) Longer storage time (decomposition of metal catalysts can be controlled)
(3) Avoid hard water affecting its cleaning ability
(4) Experiments have shown that the dosage of preservatives can be reduced and the irritation to the skin can be reduced (because Ca and Mg in bacteria can be chelated ions, disrupt cell membranes)
(5) Performance is better than EDTA



BENEFITS OF DISSOLVINE GL-47-S:
*Enhanced Shelf Life
*Chelating
*Cleaning
*Cleansing
*Rancidity Inhibition
*Foaming
*Preservative Boosting
*Improves Foam Stiffness



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DISSOLVINE GL-47-S:
Appearance: clear liquid
Assay: as GLDA-Na4 47.4% min
pH of a 1% w/v dilution: 11.0 – 12.0
Color: 250 APHA max
NTA-Na3: < 0.10%
Mol. Weight: 351.1
Miscibility with water : any desired ratio.
Specific Gravity : approx. 1.40
Appearance: Form liquid
Color: pale yellow
Odor: slight ammonia odor
Boiling Point: 221-230°F (105-110°C)
Bulk Density: not applicable
Evaporation Rate (Butyl Acetate=1): not determined
Melting Point: < 5°F / < -15°C [crystallization point]

Odor Threshold: not determined
pH: 11-12 (1% solution)
Partition Coefficient: (n-octanol/water):
Log Pow Solubility in water: miscible
Solubility in other solvents: not determined
Specific Gravity: 1.38 – 1.42
Vapor Density (Air = 1): same as water
Vapor Pressure: same as water
Viscosity: 100-200 mPa.s (68°F / 20°C)
Volatiles (% by weight): not determined
Other: not determined
Flammability: not flammable or combustible
Flash Point (Method): not applicable
Upper Flammable Limit (% by volume): not applicable
Lower Flammable Limit (% by volume): not applicable
Auto-Ignition Temperature: not applicable

Chemical formula: GLDA-Na4
Physical form: liquid
Appearance: clear liquid
Odor slightly: ammonia like odorless
NTA (wt %): < 0.10
Assay (wt %): 47.4 min
pH (1% wv aqueous solution): 11.0 – 12.0
Liquid density(kg/m3): approx. 1400
Viscosity** (mPa.s): 90-150
Freezing point (°C): < -15
Solubility in water(g/l water): miscible in all ratios
Solubility in water at low pH(wt%): miscible in all ratios
Solubility in Ethylene Glycol(wt%): miscible in all ratios
Solubility in 5M NaOH(wt%): miscible in all ratios
COD (mg/g): 345-385



FIRST AID MEASURES of DISSOLVINE GL-47-S:
-Inhalation:
Remove victim to fresh air.
-Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing, shoes and equipment.
Wash all affected areas with soapand plenty of water.
Wash contaminated clothing and shoes before reuse.
-Eye Contact:
Flush eyes with large quantities of running water for a minimum of 15 minutes.
If the victim is wearing contact lenses, remove them.
-Ingestion:
Give several glasses of water.
Give fluids again.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DISSOLVINE GL-47-S:
-Methods for containment:
Safely stop source of spill.
-Methods for clean-up:
Soak up liquid residue with a suitable absorbent such as clay, sawdust or kitty litter.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DISSOLVINE GL-47-S:
-Flammable properties:
Not flammable or combustible.
*Extinguishing Media:
Use water fog or spray, dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide extinguishing agents.
-Fire & Explosion Hazards:
This product is not defined as flammable or combustible and should not be a firehazard.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DISSOLVINE GL-47-S:
-Engineering Controls & Ventilation:
Special ventilation is usually not required under normal use conditions.
-Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
*Hygiene Measures:
All food and smoking materials should be kept in a separate area away from the storage/use location.
Before eating, drinking and smoking, hands and faceshould be thoroughly washed.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DISSOLVINE GL-47-S:
-Storage:
Keep containers closed and dry.
This material is suitable for any general chemical storage area.
Store in PVC, PE, stainless steel or bituminized tanks.
-Recommended Storage Temperature:
Store in a cool and dry place at ambient temperature (below 25°C / 77°F).
-General Comments:
Containers should not be opened until ready for use.
Opened containers must be closedagain properly.
It is advised to re-test the product after three years of storageV



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DISSOLVINE GL-47-S:
-Chemical stability:
This product is stable under recommended storage and handling conditions.
It is not self-reactive and is not sensitive to physical impact.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
Hazardous polymerization is not expected to occur under normal temperatures and pressures.



SYNONYMS:
L-Glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid tetrasodium salt (GLDA-Na4)
Tetrasodium N , N -bis(carboxylatomethyl) -L -glutamate
L -glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
( S )-glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
N , N -bis (carboxymethyl) -L -glutamic acid tetrasodium salt
GLDA-Na 4
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE ( INCI )
Dissolvine GL
CHELEST CMG-40
DISSOLVINE GL
GLUTAMIC ACID N,N-DIACETIC ACID SODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, SODIUM SALT (1:4)
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, TETRASODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID-N,N-DI(ACETIC ACID) TETRASODIUM SALT
N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)GLUTAMIC ACID TETRASODIUM SALT
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE [INCI]
TETRASODIUM N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-L-GLUTAMATE
Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate
Tetrasodium Dicarboxymethyl Glutamate
Tetrasodium N , N -bis(carboxylatomethyl) -L -glutamate
L -glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
( S )-glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
N , N -bis (carboxymethyl) -L -glutamic acid tetrasodium salt
GLDA-Na 4
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE ( INCI )
Dissolvine GL
CHELEST CMG-40
DISSOLVINE GL
GLUTAMIC ACID N,N-DIACETIC ACID SODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, SODIUM SALT (1:4)
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, TETRASODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID-N,N-DI(ACETIC ACID) TETRASODIUM SALT
N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)GLUTAMIC ACID TETRASODIUM SALT
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE [INCI]
TETRASODIUM N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-L-GLUTAMATE
L-GLUTAMIC ACID
N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)- TETRASODIUM SALT
N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)- TETRASODIUM SALT L-GLUTAMIC ACID
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE
TETRASODIUM N,N-BIS(CARBOXYLATOMETHYL)-L-GLUTAMATE
TETRASODIUM SALT L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-
L-Aspartic Acid, N, N-bis(zarboxylatomethyl )-L-glutamate
Tetrasodium N,N-bis(carboxylatomethyl)-L-glutamate
tetrasodium glutamate diacetate
GLDA
Tetrasodium N,N-bis(carboxylatomethyl)-L-glutamate
5EHL50I4MY
N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic Acid Tetrasodium Salt
Tetrasodium N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamate
tetrasodium;(2S)-2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]pentanedioate
L-Glutamic acid, N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1:4)
UNII-5EHL50I4MY
DTXSID2052158
Q25393000
Sodium (S)-2-(bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino)pentanedioate
N,N-BIS-(CARBOXYMETHYL)-L-GLUTAMIC ACID TETRASODIUMN SALT
N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid tetrasodium salt (ca. 40% in Water)
tetrasodium mono((S)-2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)-4-carboxybutanoate)
L-glutamic acid, N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1:4)
Tetrasodium N , N -bis(carboxylatomethyl) -L -glutamate
L -glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
( S )-glutamic acid N , N -diacetic acid tetrasodium salt
N , N -bis (carboxymethyl) -L -glutamic acid tetrasodium salt
GLDA-Na 4
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE ( INCI )
Dissolvine GL
CHELEST CMG-40
DISSOLVINE GL
GLUTAMIC ACID N,N-DIACETIC ACID SODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, SODIUM SALT (1:4)
L-GLUTAMIC ACID, N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-, TETRASODIUM SALT
L-GLUTAMIC ACID-N,N-DI(ACETIC ACID) TETRASODIUM SALT
N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)GLUTAMIC ACID TETRASODIUM SALT
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE [INCI]
TETRASODIUM N,N-BIS(CARBOXYMETHYL)-L-GLUTAMATE

1-octadecoxyoctadecane; Octadecane, 1,1‘-oxybis-; 1-octadecoxyoctadecane; cas no: 6297-03-6

DITALLOWDIMONIUM CHLORIDE. N° CAS : 68783-78-8. Origine(s) : Synthétique. Nom INCI : DITALLOWDIMONIUM CHLORIDE. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 272-207-6. Classification : Ammonium quaternaire. Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

SYNONYMS Phenol, 4-[[4,6-bis(octylthio)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- CAS NO:991-84-4

Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide; DTBP; tert-Butylperoxide; Di-Tertiary-butyl Peroxide; Cadox; TBP; 2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane; Perossido di butile terziario; Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire; cas no: 110-05-4

Di-tert butyl peroxide is a clear, water-white liquid.
Di-tert butyl peroxide or DTBP is an organic compound consisting of a peroxide group bonded to two tert-butyl groups.
Di-tert butyl peroxide has a specific gravity of 0.79, which is lighter than water, and it will float on the surface.

CAS Number: 110-05-4
Molecular Formula: C8H18O2
Molecular Weight: 146.23
EINECS Number: 203-733-6

Di-tert butyl peroxide is one of the most stable organic peroxides, due to the tert-butyl groups being bulky.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a colorless liquid.
Di-tert butyl peroxide, often abbreviated as DTBP, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula (C4H9)2O2.

Di-tert butyl peroxide is a peroxide compound that contains two tert-butyl groups (2,2-dimethylpropyl groups) attached to the oxygen atom in the peroxide functional group.
The chemical structure of Di-tert butyl peroxide is (CH3)3COOC(CH3)3.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and is highly flammable.

Di-tert butyl peroxide is commonly used as a radical initiator in various chemical reactions, particularly in polymerization processes.
When heated or subjected to certain conditions, it decomposes to generate alkoxyl and alkyl radicals, which initiate polymerization reactions.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a colourless, mobile liquid, consisting of technically pure di-(tert.butyl) peroxide.

This highly volatile Di-tert butyl peroxide is used as an initiator (radical source) in the polymerisation of monomers, crosslinking of polyethylene, and rheology control of polypropylene.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is nonpolar and insoluble in water.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a strong oxidizer and may ignite organic materials or explode if shocked or in contact with reducing agents.

In addition to being an oxidizer, Di-tert butyl peroxide is highly flammable.
Di-tert butyl peroxide has a boiling point of 231°F (110°C) and a flash point of 65°F (18°C).
The NFPA 704 designation is health 3, flammability 2, and reactivity 4.

The prefix “oxy” for oxidizer is placed in the white section at the bottom of the 704 diamond.
Di-tert butyl peroxide consists of a peroxide group bonded to two tert-butyl groups.
Since the tert-butyl groups are bulky, it is one of the most stable organic peroxides.

Di-tert butyl peroxide, also known as DTBP, is an organic compound used in polymer chemistry and organic synthesis as a radical initiator.
Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a reactive oxygen species that has been used as an oxidant in organic synthesis.

Di-tert butyl peroxide is typically produced by the oxidation of tert-butanol with hydrogen peroxide and sodium citrate.
Di-tert butyl peroxide has been shown to be highly resistant to degradation, even at high pH values.
Di-tert butyl peroxide has also been shown to induce neuronal death in vivo, which may be due to its ability to produce hydroxyl radicals and other reactive oxygen species.

Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used for wastewater treatment because it reacts with organic matter and produces less sludge than chlorine.
Di-tert butyl peroxide also has the ability to react with chemicals in a variety of ways, including transfer reactions, such as the addition of alcohols or esters.
Di-tert butyl peroxide bond undergoes homolysis at temperatures above 100 °C.

For this reason Di-tert butyl peroxide is commonly used as a radical initiator in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry.
The decomposition reaction proceeds via the generation of methyl radicals.

(CH3)3COOC(CH3)3 → 2 (CH3)3CO•
(CH3)3CO• → (CH3)2CO + CH•3
2 CH•3 → C2H6

Di-tert butyl peroxide can in principle be used in engines where oxygen is limited, since the molecule supplies both the oxidizer and the fuel.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is widely used as a catalyst and reaction initiator.
Knowledge of the peroxide content is important in such applications.

This test method provides a procedure for determining the active peroxide content of commercial Di-tert butyl peroxide.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is an organic peroxide.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a relatively stable compound at room temperature, but it can decompose exothermically when heated or exposed to light.

This decomposition leads to the release of radicals, which can initiate polymerization reactions.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is commonly used as an initiator in the production of various types of polymers.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can initiate the polymerization of monomers like styrene, vinyl chloride, and other unsaturated compounds.

The generated radicals help link monomers together to form polymer chains.
Di-tert butyl peroxide's stability is attributed to the presence of bulky tert-butyl groups on the peroxide oxygen atoms.
These groups hinder the decomposition of the peroxide, making it less reactive at room temperature compared to other peroxides.

Due to its potential for thermal decomposition, Di-tert butyl peroxide should be handled with care.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is highly flammable, and its decomposition can lead to fire or explosion.
Proper storage and handling procedures are essential, and it should be stored away from heat, open flames, and other sources of ignition.

Di-tert butyl peroxide, like other organic peroxides, is subject to regulations and safety guidelines to minimize the risks associated with its use and storage.
Users typically need to be trained in its safe handling and storage.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used in chemical synthesis for other purposes, such as the oxidation of organic compounds or the production of organic peracids.

Melting point: -30 °C
Boiling point: 109-110 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.796 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 40 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.3891(lit.)
Flash point: 34 °F
storage temp.: Store at +15°C to +25°C.
solubility: 0.063g/l
form: Liquid
color: Clear
Odor: distinctive odor
Water Solubility: immiscible
Merck: 14,3461
BRN: 1735581
Stability: May decompose explosively if heated, subjected to shock, or treated with reducing agents. Highly flammable. Refrigerate.
InChIKey: LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.2 at 22℃

The explosive instability of the lower dialkyl peroxides (e.g., dimethyl peroxide) and Di-tert butyl peroxide decreases rapidly with increasing chain length and degree of branching, the di-tert-alkyl derivatives being amongst the most stable class of peroxides.
Though many 1,1-bis-peroxides have been reported, few have been purified because of the higher explosion hazards compared with the monofunctional peroxides.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is unlikely that this derivative would be particularly unstable compared to other peroxides in it's class, Bretherick 1979v.

Di-tert butyl peroxide initiates polymerization through a free radical mechanism.
When heated or exposed to specific conditions, it undergoes homolytic cleavage, breaking the oxygen-oxygen bond.
This results in the formation of two alkoxyl (RO•) and two alkyl (R•) radicals.

These radicals can initiate the polymerization of unsaturated monomers by abstracting hydrogen atoms from the monomers and forming covalent bonds.
This process continues, leading to the growth of polymer chains.
The stability and shelf-life of Di-tert butyl peroxide can vary depending on storage conditions, including temperature, light exposure, and presence of impurities.

Di-tert butyl peroxide is important to monitor and control these factors to ensure its effectiveness as a polymerization initiator.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in the production of various types of polymers, including polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene.
Di-tert butyl peroxides ability to initiate polymerization at specific sites on monomers contributes to the development of unique polymer structures.

Due to its potential for thermal decomposition, Di-tert butyl peroxide poses safety risks.
In addition to its flammability, it can lead to the generation of hazardous decomposition products.
Handling and storage should comply with safety regulations, and personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used when working with this compound.

Efforts have been made to recycle Di-tert butyl peroxide and other peroxides in some industrial processes to reduce waste.
Regeneration involves treating waste peroxides to recover their useful compounds while minimizing environmental impact.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is a commonly used initiator in polymerization, there are alternative initiators and methods available for specific applications.

The choice of initiator depends on factors like reaction conditions, desired polymer properties, and safety considerations.
Di-tert butyl peroxide typically perform quality control tests to ensure the compound's purity and consistency.
Impurities in the peroxide can affect its performance as an initiator.

Di-tert butyl peroxide is just one of the possible isomers of tert-butyl peroxides.
There are several isomers with different arrangements of tert-butyl groups around the peroxide oxygen atom.
Some other common isomers include mono-tert-butyl peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide.

In addition to its use as an initiator for polymerization, Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in the cross-linking of elastomers (rubber-like materials).
Cross-linking enhances the mechanical properties, such as strength and resilience, of elastomers.
When handling Di-tert butyl peroxide, it is essential to refer to its safety data sheet (SDS) for specific information on its hazards, safety precautions, and first aid measures in case of accidents.

The transportation and storage of Di-tert butyl peroxides are regulated due to its flammability and potential hazards.
Di-tert butyl peroxide should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from heat sources, flames, and incompatible materials.
Special containers designed for peroxide storage may be used.

Di-tert butyl peroxide is incompatible with various substances, including reducing agents, acids, and some metals.
Mixing it with incompatible materials can lead to dangerous reactions, including fires or explosions.

Proper disposal methods for Di-tert butyl peroxide and its waste should follow local, state, and federal regulations.
Often, peroxides are deactivated and disposed of through controlled chemical processes or by professional waste disposal services.
The development of new peroxide initiators and improved methods for polymerization is an ongoing area of research in the field of materials science and polymer chemistry.

Uses
The decomposition reaction proceeds via the generation of methyl radicals.
The peroxide bond undergoes homolysis at temperatures above 100 °C.
Hence Di-tert butyl peroxide is commonly used as a radical initiator in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry.

Di-tert butyl peroxide can in principle be used in engines where oxygen is limited, since the molecule supplies both the oxidizer and the fuel.
Di-tert butyl peroxide has been used as a radical initiator to induce free radical polymerization.
Di-tert butyl peroxide has also been used as a cetane enhancer in a study to determine the phase behavior of carboxylate-based extended surfactant reverse micellar microemulsions with ethanol and vegetable oil/diesel blends.

Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used for the market segments: polymer production, polymer crosslinking and acrylics production with their different applications/functions.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and chemicals.

Release to the environment of Di-tert butyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid.
A peroxidic crosslinking agent for polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE).
At below 150°C no premature crosslinking (scorch) occurs.

Usage level: 0.5-2% w/w of product as supplied on the material to be crosslinked.
Special advantages: Extremely effective and relatively scorch free.
Volatile, odour free decomposition products, and no blooming of the vulcanisate surface.

The high volatility of the product demands that closed systems are applied during compounding and diffusion processes with polyethylene powder.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is used especially in extrusion processes ( RAM-Extrusion for pressure pipes).
Di-tert butyl peroxide has been used as a radical initiator to induce free radical polymerization.

Di-tert butyl peroxide has also been used as a cetane enhancer in a study to determine the phase behavior of carboxylate-based extended surfactant reverse micellar microemulsions with ethanol and vegetable oil/diesel blends.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is commonly used to initiate the polymerization of various monomers, leading to the formation of polymers.
Di-tert butyl peroxide plays a crucial role in the production of plastics, rubber, and elastomers.

Some specific applications include the production of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene.
In addition to initiating polymerization, Di-tert butyl peroxide is used to cross-link elastomers (such as natural rubber and synthetic rubber).
Cross-linking improves the mechanical properties of these materials, making them more durable and heat-resistant.

This is especially important in the manufacturing of tires and other rubber products.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used in chemical synthesis to introduce peroxide groups into organic compounds or to oxidize certain functional groups.
This has applications in the preparation of specific chemical intermediates.

Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in the production of adhesives and sealants to initiate the polymerization of the adhesive, allowing it to bond to various surfaces effectively.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used in the curing of resins and composites. It initiates the curing process, leading to the formation of a hardened, durable material.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used to initiate oxidative reactions. For example, it can be employed to initiate the formation of organic peracids.

Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in the manufacturing of various plastic products.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can initiate the polymerization of monomers like styrene and vinyl chloride, leading to the production of thermoplastic polymers used in a wide range of applications, including packaging materials, toys, and automotive components.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is employed in the production of composite materials.

Di-tert butyl peroxide helps initiate the polymerization of the resin matrix in composite materials, enabling the reinforcement fibers (such as fiberglass or carbon fiber) to bond with the matrix.
This results in lightweight, strong, and durable composite materials used in aerospace, automotive, and construction industries.
In the production of foam materials, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) or polyurethane foam, Di-tert butyl peroxide is used as a blowing agent.

When Di-tert butyl peroxide decomposes, it releases gases, creating a foaming effect, which expands and solidifies the foam material.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be found in the formulations of adhesives and sealants, where it helps initiate the curing or polymerization process, allowing these materials to bond to surfaces effectively.
Di-tert butyl peroxide's used in both industrial and consumer applications.

In addition to cross-linking elastomers, Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in the production of various rubber products, including tires, hoses, and gaskets.
Cross-linking enhances the mechanical properties and resilience of rubber materials.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be employed in the textile industry to initiate polymerization reactions for fabric treatments.

Di-tert butyl peroxide's also used in the formulation of coatings for surfaces, such as paints and varnishes.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is used in chemical research and development for its radical-initiating properties.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be a valuable tool for scientists working on the synthesis of new materials, compounds, or chemical reactions.

In some cases, Di-tert butyl peroxide may find applications in the development of certain medical devices or pharmaceutical products, where it contributes to the polymerization or cross-linking of specific materials.
Di-tert butyl peroxide can be used in water treatment processes to initiate oxidation reactions, breaking down contaminants and pollutants in wastewater.

Health Hazard
Di-tert butyl peroxide is slightly toxic by inhalation andin general exhibits low to very low toxicityby other routes.
However, toxic effectsare observed only at very high concentrations.Rats exposed to 4103-ppm vapor developedhead and neck tremor after 10 minutesof exposure (Floyd and Stockinger 1958).
Other symptoms were weakness, hyperactivity,and labored breathing.

Di-tert butyl peroxide is nonirritating to the skin and mildon the eyes.
Di-tert butyl peroxide is reported to cause lungand blood tumors in mice (NIOSH 1986).
However, its carcinogenicity is not yet fullyestablished.

Fire Hazard
Highly flammable and reactive; flash point 18°C (64.4°F); vapor pressure 19.5 torr at 20°C (68°F); vapor density 5.03.
Di-tert butyl peroxides decomposition products are ethane and acetone, which enhance the fire hazard.
Di-tert butyl peroxide use a water spray to fight fire and to keep the containers cool.

Di-tert butyl peroxide forms an explosive mixture with air. The explosive range is not reported.
Di-tert butyl peroxides decomposition products may explode above its boiling point, 111°C (231.8°F).

However, as it is thermally stable and shock insensitive, its explosion hazard is much lower.
Di-tert butyl peroxide may, however, react with explosive violence when in contact with easily oxidizable substances.

Storage
Store in a cool and well-ventilated areaisolated from easily oxidizable materials.
Protect against physical damage.
Shippingcontainers are amber glass and polyethylenebottles or steel drums not exceeding 100-lbcapacity.

Synonyms
Di-tert-butyl peroxide
110-05-4
tert-Butyl peroxide
Di-t-butyl peroxide
t-Butyl peroxide
Cadox
Peroxide, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)
Trigonox B
2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane
tert-Butylperoxide
Cadox TBP
Kayabutyl D
Perbutyl D
Interox DTB
Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide
Di-tert-butylperoxid
Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire
Di-tert-butyl peroxyde
Di-tert-Butyl hydroperoxide
di-tert-butylperoxide
Perossido di butile terziario
NSC 673
2-tert-butylperoxy-2-methylpropane
Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) peroxide
Di-tertiary-butyl peroxide
M7ZJ88F4R1
DTXSID2024955
NSC-673
(Tributyl)peroxide
DTXCID704955
Bis(t-butyl)peroxide
2,2'-dioxybis(2-methylpropane)
CAS-110-05-4
di-t butyl peroxide
Di-tert-butylperoxid [German]
CCRIS 4613
di(t-butyl) peroxide
Di-tert-butyl peroxyde [Dutch]
HSDB 1326
EINECS 203-733-6
Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire [French]
BIS(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)PEROXIDE
Perossido di butile terziario [Italian]
UNII-M7ZJ88F4R1
t-butylperoxide
tBuOOtBu
Di-t-butylperoxide
di-tertbutylperoxide
ditert.butylperoxide
2-tert-butylperoxy-2-methyl-propane
MFCD00008803
di-tertbutyl peroxide
ditert-butyl peroxide
di-tert.butyl peroxide
di-tertiarybutylperoxide
ditertiary butylperoxide
ditertiarybutyl peroxide
Peroxide, tert-butyl-
di(tert.-butyl)peroxide
di(tert.butyl) peroxide
di-tert.-butyl peroxide
di-tertiary butylperoxide
ditertiary butyl peroxide
(tert-C4H9O)2
di-tertiary butyl peroxide
DTBP [MI]
Peroxide, bis-tert-butyl-
EC 203-733-6
SCHEMBL14861
NSC673
CHEMBL1558599
(CH3)3CO-OC(CH3)3
2-tert-butyldioxy-2-methylpropane
Tox21_201461
Tox21_300099
AKOS015902599
2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane #
NCGC00091801-01
NCGC00091801-02
NCGC00091801-03
NCGC00254065-01
NCGC00259012-01
tert-Butyl peroxide (Luperox DI), 97%
Luperox(R) DI, tert-Butyl peroxide, 98%
D3411
FT-0625359
BIS(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)PEROXIDE [HSDB]
A802134
Q413043
t-butyl peroxide bis(1,1-di-methylethyl)peroxide
J-002365
J-520402
WLN: 1X1 & 1 & OOX1 & 1 & 1
F0001-0215

Di-tert-butyl peroxide is also known as DTBP, peroxide bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and tert-Butyl peroxide.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a transparant liquid which has C8H18O2 as chemical formula.


CAS Number: 110-05-4
EC Number: 203-733-6
MDL number: MFCD00008803
Linear Formula: (CH3)3COOC(CH3)3
Chemical formula: C8H18O2



SYNONYMS:
Peroxide, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), tert-Butyl peroxide, Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide, Cadox TBP, DTBP, Trigonox B, (tert-C4H9O)2, Cadox, Di-tert-butyl peroxyde, Di-tert-butylperoxid, Perossido di butile terziario, Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire, t-Butyl peroxide, Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) peroxide, Di-t-butyl peroxide, Di-tertiary-butyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxide bis(1,1-di-methylethyl)peroxide, Peroxide, tert-butyl-, Interox DTB, Kayabutyl D, NSC 673, Perbutyl D, Peroxide, bis-tert-butyl-, 2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane, tert-Butyl peroxide, Di-tert-butyl peroxide, 110-05-4, Di-t-butyl peroxide, t-Butyl peroxide, Cadox, Peroxide, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), Trigonox B, Cadox TBP, Kayabutyl D, Perbutyl D, Interox DTB, Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide, Di-tert-butylperoxid, Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire, Di-tert-butyl peroxyde, Di-tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, di-tert-butylperoxide, Perossido di butile terziario, NSC 673, Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) peroxide, Di-tertiary-butyl peroxide, M7ZJ88F4R1, DTXSID2024955, NSC-673, (Tributyl)peroxide, DTXCID704955, Bis(t-butyl)peroxide, 2,2'-dioxybis(2-methylpropane), CAS-110-05-4, UNII-M7ZJ88F4R1, t-butylperoxide, tBuOOtBu, Di-t-butylperoxide, di-tertbutylperoxide, ditert.butylperoxide, MFCD00008803, di-tertbutyl peroxide, ditert-butyl peroxide, di-tert.butyl peroxide, di-tertiarybutylperoxide, ditertiary butylperoxide, ditertiarybutyl peroxide, Peroxide, tert-butyl-, di(tert.-butyl)peroxide, di(tert.butyl) peroxide, di-tert.-butyl peroxide, di-tertiary butylperoxide, (tert-C4H9O)2, di-tertiary butyl peroxide, DTBP [MI], Peroxide, bis-tert-butyl-, EC 203-733-6, SCHEMBL14861, NSC673, CHEMBL1558599, (CH3)3CO-OC(CH3)3, 2-tert-butyldioxy-2-methylpropane, Tox21_201461, Tox21_300099, AKOS015902599, NCGC00091801-01, NCGC00091801-02, NCGC00091801-03, NCGC00254065-01, NCGC00259012-01, tert-Butyl peroxide (Luperox DI), 97%, Luperox(R) DI, tert-Butyl peroxide, 98%, D3411, NS00006093, BIS(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)PEROXIDE [HSDB], A802134, Q413043, t-butyl peroxide bis(1,1-di-methylethyl)peroxide, J-002365, J-520402, WLN: 1X1 & 1 & OOX1 & 1 & 1, F0001-0215, di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, cadox, peroxide, bis 1,1-dimethylethyl, dtbp, trigonox b, t-butyl peroxide, cadox tbp, kayabutyl d, Peroxide, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), tert-Butyl peroxide, Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide, Cadox TBP, DTBP, Trigonox B, (tert-C4H9O)2, Cadox, Di-tert-butyl peroxyde, Di-tert-butylperoxid, Perossido di butile terziario, Peroxyde de butyle tertiaire, t-Butyl peroxide, Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) peroxide, Di-t-butyl peroxide, Di-tertiary-butyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxide bis(1,1-di-methylethyl)peroxide, Peroxide, tert-butyl-, Interox DTB, Kayabutyl D, NSC 673, Perbutyl D, Peroxide, bis-tert-butyl-, di-tert-butyl peroxide,tert-butyl peroxide,di-t-butyl peroxide,cadox,peroxide, bis 1,1-dimethylethyl,dtbp,trigonox b,t-butyl peroxide,cadox tbp,kayabutyl d, Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)peroxide, Bis(t-butyl)peroxide, Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide, Cadox, Cadox TBP, DTBP, Di-t-butyl peroxide, Di-tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, Trigonox B, t-Butyl peroxide, tert-Butyl peroxide, UN3107, tert-Butyl peroxide , Luperox(R) DI, tert-Butyl peroxide, (tert-C4H9O)2, (tributyl)peroxide, 2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane, Aztec di-t-butyl peroxoide, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-peroxid, bis(t-butyl)peroxide, Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide, bis(tert-butyl)peroxide, DTBP, 2-(tert-Butylperoxy)-2-methylpropane, TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE, DI-T-BUTYL PEROXIDE, Trigonox b, (tributyl)peroxide, bis(tert-butyl)peroxide, DI-TERTIARY-BUTYL PEROXIDE, Cadox, cadoxtbp,



Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a volatile, slightly yellow transparent liquid, which is an alkyl hydrogen organic peroxide.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is an efficient initiator (30% active ingredient in odorless mineral spirits) to produce low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and (meth)acrylates.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is typically produced by the oxidation of tert-butanol with hydrogen peroxide and sodium citrate.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide has been shown to be highly resistant to degradation, even at high pH values.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide has also been shown to induce neuronal death in vivo, which may be due to its ability to produce hydroxyl radicals and other reactive oxygen species.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide can be used for wastewater treatment because it reacts with organic matter and produces less sludge than chlorine.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is also known as DTBP, peroxide bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and tert-Butyl peroxide.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a transparant liquid which has C8H18O2 as chemical formula.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is an organic compound used in polymer chemistry and organic synthesis as a radical initiator.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a clear, water-white or yellow liquid.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is insoluble in water.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is faintly yellow clear liquid.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is insoluble in water.
In most cases a combination of Di-tert-butyl peroxide with other peroxides is used to ensure a broad reactivity range.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a reactive oxygen species that has been used as an oxidant in organic synthesis.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a highly efficient initiator for the production of low density polyethylene (LDPE).
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is an initiator for the (co-)polymerization of ethylene and (meth)acrylates.


Furthermore, Di-tert-butyl peroxide contributes to the production of polymers and various materials, acting as a cross-linker in the synthesis of polyolefins.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is an organic compound consisting of a peroxide group bonded to two tert-butyl groups.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is insoluble in water.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is one of the most stable organic peroxides, due to the tert-butyl groups being bulky.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a colorless liquid.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a clear colorless liquid.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a clear, water-white liquid.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide has a specific gravity of 0.79, which is lighter than water, and it will float on the surface.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is nonpolar and insoluble in water.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a stable organic peroxide that releases free radicals upon decomposition at elevated temperatures.
With the chemical formula C8H18O2, Di-tert-butyl peroxide serves as an organic peroxide compound.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide finds extensive applications in both research and industry.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide plays a crucial role as an initiator in polymerization reactions and acts as a catalyst for organic synthesis.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is commonly used as a radical initiator in polymerization reactions and exhibits solubility in organic solvents but not in water.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is an efficient initiator for the production of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used both for tubular and autoclave processes.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide also has the ability to react with chemicals in a variety of ways, including transfer reactions, such as the addition of alcohols or esters.


The mechanisms of these reactions are still being studied.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a transparant liquid which has C8H18O2 as chemical formula.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a colorless, volatile liquid characterized by its sweet odor.


Di-tert-butyl peroxideplays a crucial role as an initiator in polymerization reactions and acts as a catalyst for organic synthesis.
Furthermore, Di-tert-butyl peroxide contributes to the production of polymers and various materials, acting as a cross-linker in the synthesis of polyolefins.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a strong oxidizer and may ignite organic materials or explode if shocked or in contact with reducing agents.
In addition to being an oxidizer, Di-tert-butyl peroxide is highly flammable.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide has a boiling point of 231°F (110°C) and a flash point of 65°F (18°C).


The NFPA 704 designation is health 3, flammability 2, and reactivity 4.
The prefix “oxy” for oxidizer is placed in the white section at the bottom of the 704 diamond.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a clear colorless liquid.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a colorless, volatile liquid characterized by its sweet odor.
With the chemical formula C8H18O2, Di-tert-butyl peroxide serves as an organic peroxide compound.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide finds extensive applications in both research and industry.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
Di-tert-butyl peroxide finds application in alkylating reactions, facilitating α-functionalization of α-amino carbonyl compounds.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
In practice, combinations of two or more peroxides with diverging activities are used to reduce the residual monomer content in the final polymer and to increase reactor efficiency.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is an efficient initiator (30% active ingredient in odorless mineral spirits) for the production of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used for both tubular and autoclave processes.
Release to the environment of Di-tert-butyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide also plays a role in methylation reactions, acting as a direct aromatic methylation agent when combined with a palladium catalyst.
The shelf life of Di-tert-butyl peroxide is 3 months.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used as an initiator for the (co)polymerization of ethylene, styrene, acrylates and methacrylates.


In most cases a combination with other peroxides is used to ensure a broad reactivity range.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide may also be used for the polymerization and copolymerization of styrene in the temperature range of 95-185°C.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used as ignition accelerator for diesel fuels.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used as a cross-linking agent (rubber and resins).
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used as initiator for the production of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
Further Di-tert-butyl peroxide finds its application in the polymerization and copolymerization of styrene, olefins and acrylic resins and as modification agent of polypropylene degradation.


The reaction mechanism involves both radical and non-radical pathways, with reductive elimination playing a crucial role in forming important C-C bonds.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used as a polymerization catalyst for acrylonitrile polymers and resins (including olefins, styrene, styrenated alkyds, and silicones).


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used as curing agent for styrenated alkyds and silicone rubbers.
Being thermally unstable substance, it may undergo self-accelerating decomposition.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used for tubular and autoclave processes.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide can be used for the market segments: polymer production, polymer crosslinking and acrylics production with their different applications/functions.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is an efficient initiator for the production of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used both for tubular and autoclave processes.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used as a crosslinking agent for unsaturated polyesters and silicone rubbers, also as a polymerization initiator.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used as an initiator for high-temperature, high-pressure polymerizations of ethylene and halogenated ethylene.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used in the synthesis of polyketones.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used as a finishing catalyst for polystyrene.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used both for tubular and autoclave processes.


In most cases a combination of Di-tert-butyl peroxide with other peroxides is used to ensure a broad reactivity range.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used for both tubular and autoclave processes.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is widely used as a crosslinking agent for unsaturated polyester and silicone rubber, a polymerization initiator for monomers, a polypropylene modifier, a rubber vulcanizing agent, etc.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers.
This substance is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Di-tert-butyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Di-tert-butyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used as initiator for the production of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).
The decomposition reaction proceeds via the generation of methyl radicals.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is mainly used as initiator for polymerization reaction (such as elimination of monomer after polymerization of PVC and polyacrylic lotion).
Further Di-tert-butyl peroxide finds its application in the polymerization and copolymerization of styrene, olefins and acrylic resins and as modification agent of polypropylene degradation.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used for synthesis.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide can be used for the market segments: polymer production, polymer crosslinking and acrylics production with their different applications/functions.


The decomposition reaction proceeds via the generation of methyl radicals.
In most cases a combination with other peroxides is used to ensure a broad reactivity range.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used both for tubular and autoclave processes.


In most cases a combination with other peroxides is used to ensure a broad reactivity range.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide can be used for the market segments: polymer production, polymer crosslinking and acrylics production with their different applications/functions.


In most cases, combinations with other peroxides are used to ensure a wide reaction range.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used as a cross-linking agent (rubber and resins).
Di-tert-butyl peroxide can also be widely used as a raw material for synthesizing other organic peroxides.


The peroxide bond undergoes homolysis at temperatures above 100°C.
Hence Di-tert-butyl peroxide is commonly used as a radical initiator in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide can in principle be used in engines where oxygen is limited, since the molecule supplies both the oxidizer and the fuel.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide has been used as a radical initiator to induce free radical polymerization.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide has also been used as a cetane enhancer in a study to determine the phase behavior of carboxylate-based extended surfactant reverse micellar microemulsions with ethanol and vegetable oil/diesel blends.


Di-tert-butyl peroxide is widely used as crosslinking agent of unsaturated polyester and silicone rubber, polymerization initiator of monomer, polypropylene modifier, rubber curing agent
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used in tube and autoclave processes.


-Applications of Di-tert-butyl peroxide in organic synthesis:
*Alkylating reactions:
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a compound that finds application in alkylating reactions, specifically in the α-alkylation of α-amino carbonyl compounds using simple alkanes.

This reaction is noteworthy as Di-tert-butyl peroxide proceeds through the cleavage of dual sp (3) C-H bonds, providing a facile pathway for the α-functionalization of α-amino ketones and α-amino esters.
The use of Di-tert-butyl peroxide as a promoter allows for the radical pathway to be involved in this transformation.

The radical mechanism involves the generation of alkyl radicals from the simple alkanes, which then react with the α-amino carbonyl compounds to form the desired α-alkylated products.

This method demonstrates the versatility and utility of Di-tert-butyl peroxide in the field of alkylating reactions, particularly in the context of α-functionalization.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide provides a convenient and efficient route for the introduction of alkyl groups onto α-amino ketones and α-amino esters, expanding the synthetic possibilities for these important classes of compounds.



METHYLATION REACTION OF DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
Di-tert-butyl peroxide has been widely used in the methylation reaction as a direct aromatic methylation process with palladium (PdCl2) catalyst.
In a study, the mechanism of methylation reactions using Di-tert-butyl peroxide has been elucidated through energy calculations based on M06 density functional theory.

The research specifically focuses on the introduction of methyl radicals to the ortho position of the commonly used substrate, 2-phenylpyridine, via Di-tert-butyl peroxide.

By identifying the key intermediates and transition states in the reaction sequence, the reaction mechanism is explained.
Different possibilities regarding the coordination site between the substrate and the catalyst as well as subsequent mechanisms are discussed in detail.

The main mechanistic events include:
(a) oxidative or solvolysis of the peroxide O-O bond,
(b) C-H bond activation,
(c) C-C bond activation, and
(d) reductive elimination leading to the transfer of the methyl group onto the aromatic ring.

Both radical and non-radical pathways are considered. In the non-radical pathway, the lowest energy path involves C-H bond activation prior to peroxide coordination to palladium, followed by O-O bond cleavage and C-C bond activation.
Intermediate species generated through reductive elimination play a crucial role in forming important C-C bonds between the methyl and aromatic carbon.

In the non-radical pathway, the energy barrier for C-C bond activation is higher and identified as the rate-limiting step of the reaction.
However, in the radical pathway, the activation energy for C-C bond cleavage is lower than that for peroxide O-O bond cleavage.
It is found that a combination of both radical and non-radical pathways, involving the formation of a palladium methyl intermediate, is the most favorable route.

The predicted mechanism is consistent with experimental observations of the PdCl2-catalyzed methylation reaction using tert-butyl peroxide on 2-phenylpyridine.



FUNCTION AND USE OF DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is used as a modifier of drying oil, adding this product can significantly improve the drying properties of castor oil, whale oil, tung oil, soybean oil and linseed oil.

Adding to other plastics can improve Di-tert-butyl peroxide's gloss and chemical resistance.
As a crosslinking agent, Di-tert-butyl peroxide can be used in silicone rubber, synthetic and natural rubber, polyethylene, EVA and EPT, etc.
As a polymerization initiator, Di-tert-butyl peroxide can be used for polystyrene and polyethylene.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
The explosive instability of the lower dialkyl peroxides (e.g., dimethyl peroxide) and 1,1-bis-peroxides decreases rapidly with increasing chain length and degree of branching, the di-tert-alkyl derivatives being amongst the most stable class of peroxides.

Though many 1,1-bis-peroxides have been reported, few have been purified because of the higher explosion hazards compared with the monofunctional peroxides.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is unlikely that this derivative would be particularly unstable compared to other peroxides in it's class, Bretherick 1979v.



PROPERTIES OF DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is an organic peroxide with the chemical formula (CH3)3COOOH.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a colorless to yellow liquid with a characteristic odor.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide is soluble in organic solvents such as ethers, hydrocarbons, and halogenated solvents, but it is insoluble in water. One of the notable characteristics of Di-tert-butyl peroxide is its stability at room temperature.
However, when exposed to elevated temperatures, Di-tert-butyl peroxide undergoes slow decomposition, releasing free radicals.

This property makes Di-tert-butyl peroxide useful as a radical initiator in various chemical reactions.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide exhibits stability in the presence of moisture and most acids.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide can maintain its integrity under these conditions without decomposition.

However, it is important to note that Di-tert-butyl peroxide decomposes in the presence of strong bases.
In summary, Di-tert-butyl peroxide is a versatile organic peroxide used primarily as a radical initiator in polymerization reactions.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide is stable at room temperature, soluble in organic solvents, but insoluble in water.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide’s-controlled decomposition at high temperatures releases free radicals, making it valuable in a wide range of industrial applications.



CHMEICAL PROPERTIES OF DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
Di-tert-butyl peroxide consists of a peroxide group bonded to two tert-butyl groups.
Since the tert-butyl groups are bulky, Di-tert-butyl peroxide is one of the most stable organic peroxides.



REACTIONS OF DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
The peroxide bond undergoes homolysis at temperatures above 100°C.
For this reason Di-tert-butyl peroxide is commonly used as a radical initiator in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry.

The decomposition reaction proceeds via the generation of methyl radicals.
(CH3)3COOC(CH3)3 → 2 (CH3)3CO•(CH3)3CO• → (CH3)2CO + CH•3
2 CH•3 → C2H6
Di-tert-butyl peroxide can in principle be used in engines where oxygen is limited, since the molecule supplies both the oxidizer and the fuel



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
Chemical formula: C8H18O2
Molar mass: 146.230 g·mol−1
Density: 0.796 g/cm3
Melting point: −40 °C (−40 °F; 233 K)
Boiling point: 109 to 111 °C (228 to 232 °F; 382 to 384 K)
CAS Number: 110-05-4
Molecular Weight: 146.23
Beilstein: 1735581
EC Number: 203-733-6
MDL number: MFCD00008803
Physical state: clear, liquid

Color: colorless
Odor: very faint
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: < -29 °C -
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 109 - 110 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: > 99 %(V)
Flash point: 6 °C at ca.1.013 hPa - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 7,5 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0,171 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 3,2 at 22 °C
Vapor pressure: 53 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,796 g/mL at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available

Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Weight: 146.23 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 146.130679813 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 146.130679813 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 18.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 80.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 110-05-4
EC index number: 617-001-00-2
EC number: 203-733-6
Hill Formula: C₈H₁₈O₂

Molar Mass: 146.23 g/mol
HS Code: 2909 60 90
Density: 0.80 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 6 °C
Ignition temperature: 182 °C
Melting Point: -40 °C
Vapor pressure: 53 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 0.063 g/l
CBNumber:CB8852799
Molecular Formula:C8H18O2
Molecular Weight:146.23

MDL Number:MFCD00008803
MOL File:110-05-4.mol
Melting point: -30 °C
Boiling point: 109-110 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.796 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 40 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.3891(lit.)
Flash point: 34 °F
storage temp.: Store at +15°C to +25°C.
solubility: 0.063g/l
form: Liquid

color: Clear
Odor: distinctive odor
Water Solubility: immiscible
Merck: 14,3461
BRN: 1735581
Stability: May decompose explosively if heated,
subjected to shock, or treated with reducing agents.
InChIKey: LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.2 at 22℃
CAS DataBase Reference 110-05-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE
FDA 21 CFR: 176.170; 177.2600

EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: M7ZJ88F4R1
NIST Chemistry Reference: Di-tert-butyl peroxide(110-05-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Di-tert-butyl peroxide (110-05-4)
Molecular formula: C8H18O2
Molecular weight: 146.22 CAS number: 110-05-4
Density: 0.794(20℃)
Melting point: -40℃.
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C8H18O2 = 146.23
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
Storage Temperature: <0°C

Condition to Avoid: Heat Sensitive
CAS RN: 110-05-4
Reaxys Registry Number: 1735581
PubChem Substance ID: 87558545
Merck Index (14): 3461
Melting Point: -30°C
Density: 0.8000g/mL
Boiling Point: 109°C to 110°C
Flash Point: 6°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 0.1% max. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (GC)

Linear Formula: (CH3)3COOC(CH3)3
Refractive Index: 1.3880 to 1.39
Merck Index: 15, 3508
Specific Gravity: 0.8
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: immiscible.
Other solubilities: soluble in most organic solvents
IUPAC Name: 2-tert-butylperoxy-2-methylpropane
Viscosity: 0.9 mPa.s (20°C)
Formula Weight: 146.23
Percent Purity: 99%
Physical Form: Liquid

Color: Clear
Water Solubility: immiscible
Formula: C₈H₁₈O₂
MW: 146,23 g/mol
Boiling Pt: 109 °C (1013 hPa)
Melting Pt: < –25 °C
Density: 0,798 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Flash Pt: 12 °C
MDL Number: MFCD00008803
CAS Number: 110-05-4
EINECS: 203-733-6
Merck Index: 12,03515



FIRST AID MEASURES of DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Respirator.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature:
2 - 8 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DI-TERT-BUTYL PEROXIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is an organic compound commonly used as a radical initiator in polymerization reactions.​
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) has a molecular weight of 146.23 g/mol.

CAS Number: 110-05-4
EC Number: 203-733-6

Synonyms: Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) peroxide, tert-Butyl peroxide, Peroxide, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), DTBP, tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, Bis(tert-butyl) peroxide, Di-tert-butyl dioxidane, Peroxide, di-tert-butyl, 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-dihydroperoxide hexane, Peroxydi-tert-butane, t-Butylperoxide, Di-tert-butylperoxide, Di-tert-butyldioxygen, DTBO, Di-tert-butyl diperoxide, Peroxide, di-t-butyl, DTB, Tert-butylperoxyl, DTP, Di-tert-butyl ether peroxide, Di-tert-butyl-oxide, DTBP, tert-Butylperoxy-tert-butyl, tert-Butylperoxide, Di-tert-butylperoxid, Bis(t-butyl)peroxide, 2,2'-Peroxybis(isobutane), DTBO2, DTBP-O2, Di-t-butyl peroxide, Di-tert-butyl-oxy, Peroxybis(isobutane), Tert-butyl ether peroxide, 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-dihydroperoxide hexane, Peroxide, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, Tert-butyl ether hydroperoxide, DTBO, Bis(tert-butylperoxide), Di-t-butylperoxide, Tert-butyl peroxyl, 1,1-Dimethylethyl peroxide, Di-tert-butyl hydroperoxide, Di-t-butyl diperoxide, Tert-butyl bis-peroxide, Di-tert-butyloxy, DTBP-O, Di-t-butyl peroxy, Bis-tert-butyl peroxide, Di-t-butyl bisperoxide, Tert-butyl ether diperoxide, Tert-butyl ether peroxy, Tert-butyl ether dihydroperoxide, DTBP ether, Di-tert-butyl bis-hydroperoxide, DTB peroxide, Di-tert-butyl dihydroperoxide, DTB dihydroperoxide, Tert-butyl ether dihydroperoxide, DTBP-ether



APPLICATIONS


Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is widely used as a radical initiator in the polymerization of monomers like styrene and ethylene.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is employed in the production of polystyrene, helping to initiate the polymerization process.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used in the manufacture of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to improve the material's strength and thermal resistance.
In the rubber industry, Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used as a crosslinking agent to enhance the elasticity and durability of rubber products.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) serves as a curing agent for unsaturated polyester resins, aiding in the formation of strong and durable composites.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is utilized in the synthesis of acrylic resins, which are used in paints, coatings, and adhesives.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a key ingredient in the production of polyethylene foams, which are used in packaging and insulation.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) plays a role in the production of crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) pipes, which are widely used in plumbing and heating systems.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used in the initiation of graft polymerization, which involves attaching polymer chains to a backbone polymer.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is employed in the manufacture of impact-resistant polystyrene (HIPS), which is used in appliances and electronics.
DTBP is used in the preparation of high-performance thermoplastics, such as polycarbonate and polyamide.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) serves as an initiator in the polymerization of vinyl acetate to produce polyvinyl acetate (PVA), a key component in adhesives.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is utilized in the synthesis of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), which is used in tires and other rubber products.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used in the production of polypropylene, enhancing its strength and thermal stability.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a key component in the synthesis of block copolymers, which have applications in adhesives, coatings, and elastomers.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is employed in the manufacture of ion-exchange resins, which are used in water treatment and purification.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used as a vulcanizing agent in the production of silicone rubber, which is used in seals, gaskets, and medical devices.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) plays a role in the production of epoxy resins, which are used in coatings, adhesives, and composite materials.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used in the initiation of polymerization reactions for the production of various plastic materials.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is utilized in the synthesis of specialty polymers, which have applications in electronics, aerospace, and automotive industries.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used in the preparation of flame-retardant materials, enhancing their resistance to ignition and combustion.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) serves as a catalyst in the polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates, which are used in coatings and adhesives.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is employed in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to improve its heat stability and mechanical properties.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used in the manufacture of elastomers, which are materials with high elasticity and resilience.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a key component in the production of polymeric materials used in medical devices, packaging, and consumer goods.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used as a polymerization initiator in the production of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), commonly used in plastic bags and film.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is an essential initiator in the production of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, which are used in hot melt adhesives and foam products.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used in the synthesis of thermoplastic elastomers, which combine the properties of rubber and plastic.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a crucial component in the production of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers, which are used in automotive parts and household appliances.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used as a polymerization initiator for the production of acrylic fibers, which are used in textiles and clothing.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is involved in the manufacture of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a transparent plastic used as a glass substitute.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is utilized in the production of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers, which are used in 3D printing and injection molding.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is employed in the preparation of ionomer resins, which are used in golf balls and food packaging.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) serves as a crosslinking agent in the production of high-performance rubber materials, such as those used in automotive seals and hoses.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used in the polymerization of vinyl chloride to produce polyvinyl chloride (PVC), used in pipes, cables, and flooring.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a key component in the manufacture of epoxy adhesives, providing strong bonding properties for industrial applications.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used in the production of synthetic resins, which are used in coatings, adhesives, and composite materials.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) plays a role in the synthesis of phenolic resins, which are used in molding compounds and laminates.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is utilized in the production of polyolefin elastomers, which are used in automotive parts and consumer goods.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is employed in the manufacture of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), used in packaging, toys, and appliances.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used in the initiation of free radical polymerization reactions in the production of various plastic materials.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) serves as a polymerization initiator in the production of butadiene rubber, which is used in tires and footwear.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used in the synthesis of functional polymers, which have applications in drug delivery and biotechnology.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is employed in the production of styrene-butadiene latex, which is used in carpet backing and paper coatings.
DTBP is used in the preparation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a plastic used in bottles and textiles.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a key component in the synthesis of acrylic coatings, providing durability and weather resistance.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is used in the manufacture of elastomeric foams, which are used in insulation and cushioning materials.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is involved in the production of acrylonitrile copolymers, which are used in barrier resins and packaging materials.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) serves as an initiator in the polymerization of methacrylate monomers, which are used in dental materials and coatings.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is employed in the production of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE), used in electrical cables and heat-resistant tubing.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is sensitive to light and heat, which can accelerate its decomposition.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is classified as a hazardous substance due to its flammability and potential health effects.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is commonly stored in amber glass bottles to protect it from light-induced degradation.

The compound is also used in the study of the thermal decomposition of organic peroxides.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) can be used as a fuel additive to improve combustion efficiency in certain applications.

Its chemical stability at low temperatures makes it a valuable initiator in controlled radical polymerization.
DTBP releases tert-butyl radicals upon decomposition, which are highly reactive and initiate polymerization.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is often used in combination with other peroxides to tailor the polymerization process for specific applications.
In industrial settings, DTBP is typically used in concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1% by weight.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is regulated by safety guidelines due to its reactive nature and potential hazards.

Its decomposition products include tert-butyl alcohol and oxygen, both of which can contribute to its reactivity.
Understanding the properties and handling requirements of DTBP is crucial for its safe and effective use in various chemical processes.



DESCRIPTION


Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is an organic compound commonly used as a radical initiator in polymerization reactions.​
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) has a molecular weight of 146.23 g/mol.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a colorless liquid at room temperature and has a distinct, ether-like odor.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) decomposes exothermically, releasing heat and gases, making it useful in controlled polymerization processes.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is insoluble in water but readily dissolves in organic solvents such as benzene and toluene.
The boiling point of DTBP is approximately 111°C (232°F).

Due to its flammable nature, DTBP must be handled with care and stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from ignition sources.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is often used in the production of polymers like polyethylene and polystyrene, where it acts as an initiator.

Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a key component in crosslinking polyethylene, improving the material's mechanical and thermal properties.
The peroxide functional group in DTBP makes it highly reactive and suitable for initiating radical chain reactions.

In addition to polymerization, DTBP is used in the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system upon contact or inhalation.
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and goggles.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:


Molecular Weight: 146.23 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Ether-like
Density: 0.79 g/cm³ at 20°C
Boiling Point: 111°C (232°F)
Melting Point: -40°C (-40°F)
Refractive Index: 1.393 at 20°C
Vapor Pressure: 18 mmHg at 20°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, ethanol, and acetone
Viscosity: 0.73 mPa·s at 20°C
Flash Point: 6°C (43°F), closed cup
Autoignition Temperature: 200°C (392°F)


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Structure: Contains two tert-butyl groups bonded to a peroxide functional group
Functional Groups: Peroxide group (-O-O-)
Decomposition: Exothermic decomposition, releasing tert-butyl radicals and oxygen
Reactivity: Reactive with acids, bases, and reducing agents; sensitive to heat and light
Flammability: Highly flammable liquid
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions; decomposes upon exposure to heat or light
pH: Neutral in its pure form
Partition Coefficient (Log P): 2.7
Heat of Combustion: -39.6 kJ/mol
Heat of Formation: -302 kJ/mol
Activation Energy for Decomposition: Approximately 150 kJ/mol
Specific Heat Capacity: 1.88 J/g·K
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 36.2 kJ/mol



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Symptoms:
DTBP inhalation may cause respiratory irritation, coughing, shortness of breath, dizziness, and headache.

Immediate Actions:
Move the person to fresh air immediately.
Keep the person calm and at rest.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available.
If not breathing, begin artificial respiration or CPR.

Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention.
Inform medical personnel about the exposure to DTBP.


Skin Contact:

Symptoms:
Skin contact with DTBP can cause irritation, redness, and burns.

Immediate Actions:
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Rinse the affected area thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Wash the skin with soap and water.

Medical Attention:
Seek medical advice if irritation or pain persists.
Inform the medical personnel about the chemical involved.


Eye Contact:

Symptoms:
Eye exposure to DTBP can cause irritation, redness, pain, and blurred vision.

Immediate Actions:
Rinse eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open and move the eyeballs in all directions to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do so.

Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention, preferably from an eye specialist.
Inform the medical personnel about the chemical involved.


Ingestion:

Symptoms:
Ingesting DTBP can cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Immediate Actions:
Do not induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
If the person is conscious and alert, give small amounts of water to drink.

Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention.
Inform the medical personnel about the chemical ingested.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

General Precautions:
Handle DTBP in a well-ventilated area to avoid the accumulation of vapors.
Ensure that all handling and processing equipment is designed to prevent accidental release.
Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and lab coats.
Avoid breathing vapors, mists, or dust.

Safe Handling Practices:
Open containers carefully and handle them in a manner that minimizes the risk of spills or releases.
Use tools and equipment that are spark-resistant and grounded to avoid static discharge.
Do not handle DTBP near open flames, sparks, or hot surfaces.
Use fume hoods or local exhaust ventilation to capture vapors at the source.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing by using protective barriers and following hygiene practices.

Hygiene Measures:
Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water after handling DTBP.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where DTBP is handled or stored.

Spill and Leak Response:
Immediately contain and control any spills or leaks using inert absorbent materials such as sand or vermiculite.
Do not use combustible absorbents like sawdust.
Dispose of contaminated materials according to local, state, and federal regulations.
Clean the affected area thoroughly to remove residual contamination.


Storage:

Storage Location:
Store DTBP in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
Keep storage areas away from direct sunlight, sources of heat, and ignition sources.
Ensure that storage areas are equipped with appropriate fire suppression systems.

Container Requirements:
Store DTBP in tightly closed, original containers made of materials compatible with organic peroxides.
Use containers that are resistant to corrosion and designed to withstand pressure changes.
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the chemical name, hazards, and handling instructions.

Temperature Control:
Maintain storage temperatures below 30°C (86°F) to prevent decomposition.
Avoid freezing temperatures, as crystallization can occur, potentially affecting the stability of DTBP.
Monitor storage temperatures regularly using appropriate equipment.

Segregation:
Store DTBP separately from incompatible materials such as acids, bases, reducing agents, and combustibles.
Keep DTBP away from food, feedstuffs, and drinking water supplies.
Use secondary containment measures, such as spill trays, to prevent contamination in case of leaks.

Fire Protection:
Store DTBP in an area equipped with explosion-proof electrical installations and appropriate fire suppression systems.
Ensure fire extinguishers, suitable for organic peroxides, are readily accessible.
Post "No Smoking" and "Flammable" signs in storage and handling areas.

Inventory Management:
Implement a first-in, first-out (FIFO) inventory system to prevent prolonged storage.
Regularly inspect storage containers for signs of degradation or leaks.
Keep an up-to-date inventory record of DTBP, including quantities and storage locations.

Emergency Preparedness:
Develop and implement an emergency response plan specific to DTBP.
Train personnel in emergency response procedures, including spill response and fire fighting.
Ensure emergency showers and eyewash stations are accessible in storage and handling areas.

Diallyl Phthalate; Allyl phthalate; Dapon R; Phthalic Acid Diallyl Ester; Dapon 35; Phthalic acid CAS NO:131-17-9

Diallyl Phthalate; Allyl phthalate; Dapon R; Phthalic Acid Diallyl Ester; Dapon 35; Phthalic acid CAS NO:131-17-9

N,N-Dibenzylamine; (N-Benzylaminomethyl)benzene; N-(Phenylmethyl)benzenemethanamine; DBA; N-Benzylbenzylamine; Bibenzylamine CAS NO:103-49-1

N,N-Dibenzylamine; (N-Benzylaminomethyl)benzene; N-(Phenylmethyl)benzenemethanamine; DBA; N-Benzylbenzylamine; Bibenzylamine; DBZA; DIBAM; Vulcaid 28; forLabetalol; DIBENZYLAMINE; Bibenzylamine; Accelerator DBA; Dibenzylamine 98%; Dibenzylamine,98%; N,N-DIBENZYLAMINE CAS NO:103-49-1

BUTYL CARBONATE; DIBUTYL CARBONATE; n-Butyl carbonate; n-C4H9OC(O)OC4H9-n; DI-N-BUTYL CARBONATE; Carbonic acid dibutyl; carbonicaciddibutylester; Carbonicacid,dibutylester; Di-n-butyl carbonate,98+%; Carbonic acid,dibutyl ester CAS NO:542-52-9

Maleic acid dibutyl ester; Butyl maleate; DBM; Di-n-butyl maleate; Bibutyl maleate; 2-Butenedioic acid dibutyl ester; Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove; Dibutylmaleinat; Maleinsäuredibutylester; Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove CAS NO: 105-76-0

Maleic acid dibutyl ester; Butyl maleate; DBM; Di-n-butyl maleate; Bibutyl maleate; 2-Butenedioic acid dibutyl ester; Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove; Dibutylmaleinat; Maleinsäuredibutylester; Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove CAS NO: 105-76-0

Di-n-butyl sulfate; Dibutylsulfate; Sulfuric acid dibutyl ester; sulfate de butyl; CAS NO: 625-22-9

Di-n-butyl sulfate; Dibutylsulfate; Sulfuric acid dibutyl ester; sulfate de butyl; CAS NO: 625-22-9

Oxalic acid; ethanedioic acid; Malonic acid; propanedioic acid; Succinic acid; butanedioic acid; Glutaric acid; pentanedioic acid; Adipic acid; hexanedioic acid; Pimelic acid; heptanedioic acid; Suberic acid; octanedioic acid; Azelaic acid; nonanedioic acid; Sebacic acid; decanedioic acid; undecanedioic acid; dodecanedioic acid; Brassylic acid; tridecanedioic acid; Thapsic acid; hexadecanedioic acid; Japanic acid; heneicosa-1,21-dioic acid; Phellogenic acid; docosanedioic acid; Equisetolic acid; triacontanedioic acid

orced;acl70;cdb60;hilite60;ficlor71;troclosene;dichloroisocyanurate;isocyanuricdichloride;DICHLOROCYANURIC ACID;dichloro-isocyanuricaci Cas no: 2782-57-2

Dicyclohexylamine; Dodecahydrodiphenylamine; DCHA; Dicyclohexylamine; n,n-Dicyclohexylamine; n-Cyclohexylcyclohexanamine; Di-CHA; Perhydrodiphenylamine; CAS NO: 101-83-7

Didecyldimonium bicarbonate; 1-Decanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, carbonate (1:1); Didecyldimethylammonium bicarbonate (1to1); didecyl dimethyl ammonium bicarbonate; N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-decanaminium carbonate CAS NO:148812-65-1

N,N-Dibutyl-1,3-propanediamine; 3-(Dibutylamino)propylamine; N,N-DIMETHYL-1,3-PROPANEDIAMINE; 3-(Dimethylamino)-1-propylamine; 1,3-Propanediamine, N,N-dimethyl-; 3-Aminopropyldimethylamine; Dimethylaminopropylamine cas no : 102-83-0

DDABC;Carboshield 1000;DIDECYL DIMETHYLAMMONIUM CARBONATE;N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-decanaminium bicarbonate;N-Decyl-N,N-dimethyl-1-dec·Naminium bicarb·Nate;1-Decanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, carbonate (2:1) CAS NO:148788-55-0

Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; Didecyldimethylammonium chloride; N-decyl-N,N-dimethyldecan-1-aminium chloride; Astop; Quaternium 12; Arquad 10; Bardac 22; DDAC; Britewood Q CAS NO:7173-51-5

3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol; Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether; DEG; 2,2'-Oxydiethanol; Diglycol; Dihydroxydiethyl ether; 2,2'-Dihydroxyethyl ether; Ethylene diglycol; 2,2'-Oxybisethanol; 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol CAS NO: 111-46-6

OPH(OC2H5)2;diethylfosfit;AURORA KA-1208;Diethyl phosphit;DIETHYL PHOSPHITE;DIETHYL PHOSPHONATE;diethylacidphosphite;Diethyl phosphite,98%;Diethyl acid phosphite;O,O"-DIETHYL PHOSPHITE Cas no: 762-04-9

Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester; DEP; 1,2-diethyl phthalate; Diethyl 1,2-benzendicarboxylate; Diethyl 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylate; Diethyl benzeneorthodicarboxylate; DME; Phthalic acid diethyl ester; Diethylphthalat; Ftalato de dietilo; Phtalate de diéthyle; Diethyl o-phthalate CAS NO:84-66-2

DIETHYL SUCCINATE, N° CAS : 123-25-1, Nom INCI : DIETHYL SUCCINATE, Nom chimique : Diethyl succinate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-612-0, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances

Diethylaminoethanol; diethylaminoethanol; 2-Dietilaminoetanol; 2-Diéthylaminoéthanol; 2-Diethylaminoethanol; 2-Hydroxytriethylamine; 2-N,N-diethylaminoethanol; beta-diethylaminoethanol; beta-hydroxytriethylamine; diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Diethylaminoethanol; Diethylethanolamine; DEAE; N-diethylaminoethanol; N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine; N,N-Diethylethanolamine; N,N-diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl) Amine; CAS NO: 100-37-8

Diéthylène-glycol, 2,2'-Oxydiéthanol, 3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol, Diglycol, DEG, cas no : 111-46-6, Synonyme CISMeF : diglycol; 2,2' oxydiéthanol; 3-oxapentane-1,5-diol; diéthylèneglycol; ethylene diglycol; dihydroxy ethyl ether; 2,2'-Oxydiéthanol;Comme dans le cas de l'éthylène glycol, le mélange d'eau et de diéthylène glycol peut être utilisé comme antigel. La température de fusion du mélange est abaissée, ce qui le rend intéressant pour des utilisations dans des climats froids. De plus la température d'ébullition de ce produit étant élevée, plus que dans le cas de l'éthylène glycol, ce mélange est également plus intéressant sous les climats chauds.Il est utilisé : comme plastifiant pour le PVC (polychlorure de vinyle), dans les systèmes de climatisation et les déshumidificateurs.comme désinfectant sous forme d'aérosol.comme agent de dessiccation pour la déshydratation du gaz naturel.2,2' -oxybisethanol. 2,2' -oxybisethanol; diethylene glycol; 2,2'-oxydiethanol Diethylene glycol; Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether; DEG; Diethylene glycol; diethyleneglycol; 2,2' -oksibisetanol (hr); 2,2' -Oksibisetanoli (fi); 2,2' -oxibisetanol (ro); 2,2' -oxietanol (sv); 2,2' -oxydietanol (sk); 2,2'-oksibisetanoldietilenglikolis (lt); 2,2'-oksidietanol (sl); 2,2'-oksydietanol (no); 2,2'-ossidietanolo (it); 2,2'-oxidietanol (es); 2,2'-oxydiethan-1-ol (cs); 2,2'-oxydiethanol (da); 2,2'-oxydiéthanol (fr); 2,2'-οξυδισαιθανόλη (el); 2,2'-оксибисетанол (bg); 2,2`-oksybisetanol (pl); 2,2’-oksibis-etanols (lv); 2,2’-oksübisetanool (et); 2,2’-oxibiszetanol (hu); 2-idrossietil etere (it); diethylenglycol (da); diethylenglykol (cs); dietilen glicol (ro); dietilen glicole (it); dietilen-glikol (hr); dietilenglicol (pt); dietilenglikolis (lt); dietilén-glikol (hu); dietilēnglikols (lv); dietlenglikol (sl); dietylenglykol (no); Dietylieeniglykoli (fi); dietylénglykol (sk); dietüleenglükool (et); diéthylène glycol (fr); glikol dietylenowy (pl); διαιθυλενογλυκόλη (el); диетилен гликол (bg); Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-; (2-hydroxyethoxy) ethan-2-ol; (2-hydroxyethoxy)ethan-2-ol; (2-hydroxyethoxy)ethan-2-ol2,2'-Oxydiethanol2,2-oxydiethanol2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol; DEG; Di-ethylene Glycol; Diethylene Glycol; (DEG)Diethyleneglycol; Diethylenglycol; Diethylenglykol; 2,2''-oxydiethanol; 2,2'- ossidietanolo; 2,2'-DIHYDROXYDIETHYL ETHER; 2,2'-oxybisenthanol; 2,2'-Oxybisethanol; 2,2'-oxydiethano; 2,2'-oxydiethanol; diethylene-glycol; 2,2'Oxybisethanol; 2,2-Oxybisethanol; 2,2-Oxydiethanol; 2,2`-oxybisethanol; 2,2’-Oxybisethanol; 2,2’-oxydiethanol; 2,2′-Oxydiethanol; 2-(2 hydroxyethoxy)ethanol; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol; 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol); 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol; 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol ; 2.2'-Oxybisethanol; 3-ossa-1,5-pentandiolo; 3-oxopentan-1,5-diol 1.3; Agent T294; Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether; Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether; CH2OHCH2OCH2CH2OH; Di(ethylenglicol); Di-ethylene Glycol; diethylen glycol; Diethylene Glycol (DEG); Diethylene glycol; 2-Hydroxyethyl ether; Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether; Diglycol; DIETHYLENE-GLYCOL; ethan-1,2-diol;glycol ether; Reaction mass of 1309-37-1 and 1317-65-3 and 20344-49-4 and 61791-23-9. s: .beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether; 2,2'-Oxybis[ethano]; 2,2'-Oxybis[ethanol]; 2,2'-Oxyethanol; 2- hydroxyethoxy)ethan-2-ol; 3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol; 3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol; Bis(.beta.-hydroxyethyl) ether; Bis(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)ether; Di Ethylene Glycol; Di ethyleneglycol; Dicol; Diethylene glcyol; DiethyleneGlycolTech; Dietylene glycol; Digenos; Diglycol; diglycol glycol; Digol; Dihydroxyethyl ether; Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis- (9CI); Ethylene diglycol; Glicole Dietilenico; Glycol ethyl ether

DETA; N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-Ethanediamine; DTA; 2,2'-Diaminodiethylamine; Aminoethylethanediamine; 1,4,7-Triazaheptane; Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine; N-(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine; 3-Azapentane-1,5-diamine; Bis(beta-aminoethyl)amine; 2,2'-Iminobis(ethanamine); 2,2'-Iminobisethylamine; CAS NO: 111-40-0

Diethylenetriamine Penta(methylene Phosphonic Acid) Heptasodium Salt; DTPMP; [[(Phosphonomethyl)imino]]bis[[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis-phosphonic acid; Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene-phosphonic acid) CAS NO: 15827-60-8

Diethylaminoethanol; 2-Dietilaminoetanol; 2-Diéthylaminoéthanol; 2-Diethylaminoethanol; 2-Hydroxytriethylamine; 2-N,N-diethylaminoethanol; beta-diethylaminoethanol; beta-hydroxytriethylamine; diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Diethylaminoethanol; Diethylethanolamine; DEAE; N-diethylaminoethanol; N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine; N,N-Diethylethanolamine; N,N-diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl) Amine; CAS NO : 100-37-8

SYNONYMS N-Ethyl-N-hydroxy-Ethanamine; N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine; DEHA Cas no: 3710-84-7

Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; DI(2-Hydroxy-n-propyl) amine; 1,1'-imino-bis(2-propanol); DIPA; 2,2'-dihydroxy-dipropyl-amine; 1,1'-iminodipropan-2-ol; Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; Bis(2-propanol)amine; Dipropyl-2,2'-dihydroxy-amine CAS NO:110-97-4

Diisopropanolamine; Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; DI(2-Hydroxy-n-propyl) amine; 1,1'-imino-bis(2-propanol); DIPA; 2,2'-dihydroxy-dipropyl-amine; 1,1'-iminodipropan-2-ol; Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; Bis(2-propanol)amine; Dipropyl-2,2'-dihydroxy-amine; CAS NO: 110-97-4

Dimethicone; Polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS; Dimethicone 100cs, 200cs, 350cs, 1000cs cas no: 9006-65-9

DIMETHICONE, N° CAS : 63148-62-9 / 9006-65-9 / 9016-00-6 - Diméthicone ou Polydiméthylsiloxane, Autres langues : Dimethicon, Dimeticona, Dimeticone, Nom INCI : DIMETHICONE, Nom chimique : Dimethicone, Additif alimentaire : E900, Classification : Silicone. Le diméthicone nommé aussi PDMS est un silicone qui n'est soumis à aucune restriction européenne. C'est aussi le silicone le plus utilisé dans les produits cosmétiques. Son rôle est de produire un film de surface autour du cheveu et sur la peau, pour les protéger ensuite (effet occlusif, avec ce que cela peut impliquer). Il apporte aussi de la douceur aux produits et rend agréable l'utilisation de crèmes et de shampoings. C'est un peu "le couteau Suisse du chimiste" : on l'utilise un peu à toutes les sauces, pour rendre les produits plus brillants, plus agréables et donc plus vendeurs, ou encore pour venir compenser l'effet desséchant de certains ingrédients comme les tensioactifs.Ses fonctions (INCI): Anti-moussant : Supprime la mousse lors de la fabrication / réduit la formation de mousse dans des produits finis liquides. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Agent de protection de la peau : Aide à éviter les effets néfastes des facteurs externes sur la peau

DMC; Methyl carbonate; Carbonic acid dimethyl ester CAS NO: 616-38-6

DMC; Methyl carbonate; Carbonic acid dimethyl ester; Dimethyl carbonate( 99%, HyDry, Water≤50 ppm (by K.F.)); Dimethyl carbonate( 99%, HyDry, with molecular sieves, Water≤50 ppm (by K.F.)); CH3OCOOCH3; Dimethyl ester of carbonic acid; Methyl carbonate ((MeO)2CO); Carbonic acid hydrogen methyl ester; Methoxyformic acid; Methoxymethanoic acid CAS NO:616-38-6

DMF; N,N-Dimethylmethanamide; Formic acid dimethylamide; N,N-Dimethylformamide;N-Formyldimethylamine; Dimethylamid kyseliny mravenci (Czech); Dimethylformamid (German); Dimetilformamide (Italian) N,N-Dimetilformamida (Spanish); DMF; Dwumetyloformamid (Polish) CAS NO: 68-12-2

DMF; N,N-Dimethylmethanamide; Formic acid dimethylamide; N,N-Dimethylformamide;N-Formyldimethylamine; Dimethylamid kyseliny mravenci (Czech); Dimethylformamid (German); Dimetilformamide (Italian) N,N-Dimetilformamida (Spanish); DMF; Dwumetyloformamid (Polish) CAS NO: 68-12-2

Dimethyl Phosphite; Phosphonic acid, dimethyl ester; Dimethyl hydrogen phosphite CAS NO: 868-85-9

DIMETHYL SUCCINATE, N° CAS : 106-65-0, Nom INCI : DIMETHYL SUCCINATE, Nom chimique : Dimethyl succinate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-419-9. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état.Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances

Methanesulfinylmethane; Methyl sulfoxide; Dimethyl(oxido)sulfur; DMSO; Methylsulfinylmethane; Dimethyl sulfoxyde; Sulfinylbis(methane); Dimetil sulfóxido (Spanish); Diméthylsulfoxyde (French) CAS NO: 67-68-5

Methanesulfinylmethane; Methyl sulfoxide; Dimethyl(oxido)sulfur; DMSO; Methylsulfinylmethane; Dimethyl sulfoxyde; Sulfinylbis(methane); Dimetil sulfóxido (Spanish); Diméthylsulfoxyde (French) CAS NO: 67-68-5

2-Dimethylaminoethanol; Dimethylethanolamine; DIMETHYL MEA, N° CAS : 108-01-0, Nom INCI : DIMETHYL MEA, Nom chimique : 2-Dimethylaminoethanol; N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-542-8, Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Principaux synonymes. Noms français :(2-HYDROXYETHYL)DIMETHYLAMINE; (DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL; 2-(N,N-DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL; BETA-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL; BETA-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL ALCOHOL; BETA-HYDROXYETHYLDIMETHYLAMINE; DIMETHYL(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; DIMETHYLMONOETHANOLAMINE; Diméthylamino-2 éthanol; Diméthyléthanolamine; DMEA; Ethanol, 2-dimethylamino-; ETHANOL, 2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)-; N,N,-DIMETHYL(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; N,N-DIMETHYL-2-AMINOETHANOL; N,N-DIMETHYL-N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; N,N-DIMETHYL-N-(BETA-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; N,N-DIMETHYLETHANOLAMINE; N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)DIMETHYLAMINE Noms anglais : 2-Dimethylaminoethanol Dimethylethanolamine Utilisation: Fabrication de produits pharmaceutiques et de produits organiques. 108-01-0 [RN] 1209235 [Beilstein] 2-(Dimethylamino)-1-ethanol 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol [German] 2-(Diméthylamino)éthanol [French] 203-542-8 [EINECS] 2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL 2-Dwumetyloaminoetanolu [Polish] 2N6K9DRA24 4-11-00-00122 [Beilstein] Deanol [Wiki] Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine Dimethyl(hydroxyethyl)amine Dimethylaethanolamin [German] Dimethylaminoaethanol [German] DMAE DMEA Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)- [ACD/Index Name] KK6125000 MFCD00002846 [MDL number] N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol N,N-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine N,N-Dimethylethanolamine N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine N,N-Dimethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amine UNII-2N6K9DRA24 β-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol β-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine (2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH (Dimethylamino)ethanol 116134-09-9 alternate RN [RN] 2-(Dimethylamino) ethanol 2-(dimethylamino)ethan-1-ol 2-(Dimethylamino)-ethanol 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethanol 2-Dimethylamino ethanol 2-Dimethylamino-ethanol Amietol M 21 Bimanol Demanol Dimethylaminoethanol [Wiki] Dimethylethanoiamine Dimethylethanolamine [Wiki] Dimethylmonoethanolamine Kalpur P Liparon N-(Dimethylamino)ethanol N,N-Dimethyl ethanolamine N,N-Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine N,N-dimethylaminoethanol N,N'-Dimethylethanolamine N,N-Dimethyl-N-(β -hydroxyethyl)amine N,N-Dimethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amine N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethanolamine N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethanolamine. N,N-Dimethyl-β -hydroxyethylamine N,N-Dimethyl-β-hydroxyethylamine N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-tyrosine N-dimethyl aminoethanol N-Dimethylaminoethanol Norcholine Propamine A Q2N1 & 1 [WLN] Texacat DME UN 2051 Varesal β -(dimethylamino)ethanol β -(dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol β -dimethylaminoethyl alcohol β -hydroxyethyldimethylamine β-(Dimethylamino)ethanol β-(Dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol β-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol β-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine

,3:2,4-Bis(3,4-dimethylobenzylideno) sorbitol; D-Glucitol, 1,3:2,4-bis-O-[(3,4-dimethylphenyl)methylene]-; 1,3:2,4-bis-o-(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol CAS NO:135861-56-2

Dimethylethanolamine; N,N-Dimethylethanolamine; 2-(Dimethylamino)-ethanol; N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethanolamine; N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol; beta-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol; beta-hydroxyethyldimethylamine; Ddimethylaminoethanol; Deanol; Dimethylethanolamine; Dimethylaminoaethanol (German); N,N-Dimethyl-2-Hydroxyethylamine; N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol; N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; CAS NO: 108-01-0

SYNONYMS 2-(Dimethylamino)Ethanol; N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethanolamine; N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol; beta-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol; beta-hydroxyethyldimethylamine; Ddimethylaminoethanol; Deanol; Dimethylethanolamine; Dimethylaminoaethanol (German); N,N-Dimethyl-2-Hydroxyethylamine; N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol; N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Cas no: 108-01-0

N,N'-Dimethylurea; symmetric Dimethylurea;N,N'-Dimethylharnstoff (German); Urea, 1,3-dimethyl-; DMU; 1,3-Dimetilurea (Spanish); 1,3-Diméthylurée (French); CAS NO: 96-31-1

Dioctyl hexanedioate; Di-n-octyl adipate CAS NO:123-79-5

DICAPRYLYL MALEATE, N° CAS : 2915-53-9, Nom INCI : DICAPRYLYL MALEATE, Nom chimique : Dioctyl maleate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 220-835-6. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances

DICAPRYL SUCCINATE, N° CAS : 14491-66-8, Nom INCI : DICAPRYL SUCCINATE, Nom chimique : dioctyl succinate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 238-499-4, Ses fonctions (INCI): Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien des ongles : Améliore les caractéristiques esthétiques des ongles. Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. 14491-66-8 [RN] 238-499-4 [EINECS] Butanedioic acid, dioctyl ester [ACD/Index Name] DICAPRYL SUCCINATE Dioctyl butanedioate Dioctyl succinate Dioctyl-succinat [German] Succinate de dioctyle [French] Succinic acid, dioctyl ester 1,4-DIOCTYL BUTANEDIOATE 14491-66-8; 2915-57-3 butanedioic acid dioctyl ester Di-octyl succinate dioctylsuccinate EINECS 238-499-4 succinic acid dioctyl ester

Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate; AOT; Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt; DOSS; Docusate sodium CAS Number 577-11-7

CHLORINE DIOXIDE, N° CAS : 10049-04-4 - Dioxyde de chlore, Nom INCI : CHLORINE DIOXIDE, Additif alimentaire : E926, Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes, Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables. Noms français : BIOXIDE DE CHLORE;BIOXYDE DE CHLORE; Chlore, dioxyde de; Chlorine dioxide; Dioxyde de chlore. Noms anglais : CHLORIDE DIOXIDE; Chlorine dioxide; CHLORINE DIOXYDE. Utilisation: Le dioxyde de chlore est surtout utilisé en tant qu'agent blanchissant dans l'industrie des pâtes et papiers, où il remplace de plus en plus le chlore pour des raisons écologiques. Il se retrouve aussi dans plusieurs autres applications, bien que son usage y soit plus restreint: dans le blanchissement de fibres textiles comme désinfectant dans plusieurs usines d'eau potable dans l'industrie alimentaire pour le contrôle des microbes dans les champs pétrolifères pour enlever des biofilms, contrôler les odeurs ou neutraliser certains composés. Alcide Anthium dioxcide Chlorine dioxide chlorine dioxide ... % Chlorine dioxide generated from sodium chlorite and sodium bisulphate Chlorine dioxide generated from sodium chlorite by electrolysis chlorine dioxide Chlorine oxide Chlorine oxide (ClO2) Chlorine peroxide Chlorine(IV) oxide Chloroperoxyl Chloryl radical Doxcide 50 Purite Translated names chloordioxide (nl) chloordioxide ... % (nl) chlordioxid (da) chlordioxid ... % (da) chloro dioksidas (lt) chloro dioksidas ... % (lt) diossido di cloro (it) diossido di cloro . . . % (it) dioxid de clor (mt) dioxid de clor….% (mt) dioxyde de chlore (fr) dioxyde de chlore à ... % (fr) ditlenek chloru (pl) ditlenek chloru. . . % (pl) dióxido de cloro (es) dióxido de cloro . . . % (es) dióxido de cloro a ... % (pt) hlora dioksīds (lv) hlora dioksīds . . . % (lv) kloordioksiid (et) kloordioksiid, . . . % (et) Klooridioksidi (fi) Klooridioksidi . . . % (fi) klordioksid (no) klordioksid … % (no) klordioxid (sv) klorov dioksid (hr) klorov dioksid . . . % (sl) klorov dioksid ... % (hr) klorxid . . . % (sv) klór-dioxid (hu) klór-dioxid ...% (oldat) (hu) oxid chloričitý (cs) oxid chloričitý ... % (sk) oxid chloričitý ...% (cs) διοξείδιο του χλωρίου (el) διοξείδιο του χλωρίου . . . % (el) хлорен диоксид (bg) хлорен диоксид ... % (bg) anthium dioxide Chlorine Dioxide (or dioxygen chloride) chlorine dioxide aqueous solution Chlorine dioxide solution Chlorine dioxide water solution chlorous acid; Chlorine dioxide [Wiki] 10049-04-4 [RN] Chloranyl, dioxido- [ACD/Index Name] Chlorosyloxidanyl chlorosyloxy ClO2(.) Dioxido-λ5-chloranyl Dioxido-λ5-chloranyl [German] Dioxydo-λ5-chloranyl [French] Alcide chlorine oxide chlorine peroxide Chlorine(IV) oxide chloroperoxyl dioxidochlorine(.) dioxido-λ(5)-chloranyl Doxcide 50 O2Cl(.)

Numéro CAS : 13463-67-7; Bioxyde de titane; BIOXYDE DE TITANE RUTILE; Dioxyde de titane; DIOXYDE DE TITANE RUTILE; Titane, dioxyde de. Noms anglais : TITANIA DIOXIDE; TITANIA, DIOXIDE; TITANIC ANHYDRIDE; TITANIC OXIDE; Titanium dioxide; TITANIUM DIOXIDE (AS TI). Utilisation: Fabrication de peintures, colorantLe dioxyde de titane ou oxyde de titane(IV) est composé d’oxygène et de titane de formule TiO2. Il donne un aspect plus blanc au savon. diooxotitanium dioxo titanium; Dioxotitanium; Dwutlenek tytanu, ditlenek tytanu; Oxid titaničitý; R_JS_Dossier_Titanium_Dioxide; Rutile (TiO2); Tiitanium Dioxide; TiO2; TiO2-R;Titandioxid (in the form of Rutile Sand) 13463-67-7; titania in 1-methoxy-2-propanol; Titanium dioxide TiO2; titanium dioxide white; Titanium Dioxide, Anatase, Rutile; Titanium oxide; Titanium(IV) Oxide ;Titanium(IV)oxide; Titannium dioxide; Titaum dioxide. Le dioxyde de titane ou oxyde de titane (IV) est un composé d'oxygène et de titane de formule TiO2 présent dans la nature, et fabriqué industriellement.Nom UICPA: Dioxyde de titane. Synonymes : C.I. 77891; C.I. Pigment White 6. No CAS 13463-67-7 (rutile), 1317-70-0 (anatase) Le dioxyde de titane est le pigment blanc PW6 du Colour Index, utilisé aussi fréquemment comme opacifiant pour les peintures et de nombreux autres produits. Le dioxyde de titane est un photocatalyseur de réactions chimiques utilisées dans la dépollution. Non toxique, il pourrait être nuisible aux organismes vivants sous sa forme nanoparticulaire, utilisée notamment pour des crèmes solaires. Il est autorisé dans les cosmétiques et dans les aliments, sauf en France où il sera interdit dans l'industrie alimentaire dès 2020.

CAS : 138-86-3, Dipentène ou d,l-Limonène, Limonène, (+-)-Limonène, p-Mentha-1,8-diène, Cajeputène, Cinène, 1-Méthyl-4- isopropényl-1-cyclohexène, 1-Méthyl-4-(1-méthylvinyl)cyclohexène,(R)-Limonène, (+)-Limonène, (R)-p-Mentha-1,8-diène, Carvène, (S)-Limonène, (-)-Limonène, (S)-p-Mentha-1,8-diène. d-Limonène: CAS :5989-27-5, l-Limonène: CAS: 5989-54-8. Noms français : 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)CYCLOHEXENE 1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPENYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE 4-ISOPROPENYL-1-METHYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE CAJEPUTENE CINENE CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)- Dipentène DL-1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPENYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE DL-ISOPROPENYL-4 METHYL-1 CYCLOHEXENE DL-LIMONENE ISOPROPENYL-4 METHYL-1 CYCLOHEXENE LIMONENE (DL-) LIMONENE (MELANGE D'ISOMERES) Limonène P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE Noms anglais : 1,8(9)-P-MENTHADIENE DELTA-1,8-TERPODIENE Dipentene DL-P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE INACTIVE LIMONENE Limonene LIMONENE (MIXED ISOMERS) Utilisation et sources d'émission Solvant de résines, agent de saveur

DIPOTASSIUM OXALATE, N° CAS : 583-52-8. Nom INCI : DIPOTASSIUM OXALATE. Nom chimique : Dipotassium oxalate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 209-506-8, Ses fonctions (INCI): Anticorrosif : Empêche la corrosion de l'emballage. Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques

Dipotassium Phosphate; Phosphoric acid, dipotassium salt; Dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate; Dipotassium hydrogenphosphate; Potassium phosphate, dibasic; Potassium hydrogen phosphate; cas no: 7758-11-4

dipropylene glycol; Oxybispropanol; Di-sec-alcohol; Bis(2-hydroxy-propyl)ether; cas no: 25265-71-8

Dibenzoate Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is a widely used plasticizer that has ether linkages linked with two benzoate groups his product is a transparent oily liquid of colorless to yellow.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, insoluble in water.
Dipropylene Glycol Dibenzoate is useful in applications such as latex caulks, adhesive, and sealants, coatings and vinyl plastisols.

EINECS/ List number: 248-258-5
CAS number: 27138-31-4
Molecular Formula: C20H22O5
Molecular Weight: 342.39

Dipropylene Glycol Dibenzoate is a polar, high-solvating plasticizer.
Dipropylene Glycol Dibenzoate is useful in applications such as latex caulks, adhesive, and sealants, coatings and vinyl plastisols. is compatible with a wide range of polar polymers and rubbers.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is a highly soluble benzoate plasticizer, and its main component is dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is a chemical compound that belongs to the family of dibenzoate esters.
Dipropylene Glycol Dibenzoate is useful in applications such as latex caulks, adhesive, and sealants, coatings and vinyl plastisols.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is formed through the esterification reaction between dipropylene glycol and benzoic acid.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is commonly used as a plasticizer in various applications, primarily in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and other polymers.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is primarily used as a plasticizer, which means it is added to polymers to improve their flexibility, durability, and workability.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps to reduce brittleness and increases the overall flexibility of the material.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds significant use in the production of PVC-based products such as vinyl flooring, cables, hoses, and synthetic leather.
By incorporating Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, the PVC materials become more pliable and easier to process during manufacturing.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is known for its low volatility, which means it has a minimal tendency to evaporate at normal temperatures.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate makes it suitable for applications where long-term stability and low migration are required.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate offers good stability and resistance to heat, light, and oxidation, ensuring the longevity of the materials it is incorporated into.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps prevent the degradation of polymers, thereby extending their lifespan.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is considered to be a relatively safe and environmentally friendly plasticizer compared to some other alternatives.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has low toxicity and does not pose significant risks to human health or the environment when used as directed.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is essential to handle dipropylene glycol dibenzoate with proper safety precautions and follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer or relevant regulatory agencies.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is an ester compound that is formed by the reaction between dipropylene glycol (a type of glycol) and benzoic acid (an aromatic carboxylic acid). Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is commonly used as a plasticizer in various industries.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is added to polymer materials, such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride), to increase their flexibility, improve their processing characteristics, and enhance their overall performance.
Plasticizers like Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate help to reduce the brittleness of polymers and make them more pliable and easier to handle during manufacturing.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate enhances the flexibility and elasticity of polymers, allowing them to be easily shaped, molded, or extruded into desired forms.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate provides stability to the polymer materials, preventing them from becoming brittle or susceptible to cracking over time.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate improves the durability and lifespan of the end products.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has low volatility, meaning it has a minimal tendency to evaporate at normal temperatures.
This property ensures that the plasticizer remains in the polymer matrix, reducing the risk of migration and maintaining the desired properties of the material.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits good heat resistance, which is crucial for applications that involve exposure to elevated temperatures.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is often selected as a plasticizer due to its relatively low toxicity and environmental impact compared to some other alternatives, however, as with any chemical substance, it is important to handle and dispose of Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate properly, following recommended guidelines and regulations.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate serves as a plasticizer that improves the performance and workability of polymers, particularly PVC, in various industries such as construction, automotive, and consumer goods.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is regulated by various authorities depending on the country or region.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is generally considered safe for use in approved applications when handled and used according to recommended guidelines.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is compatible with many polymers, it may not be suitable for all applications.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is always recommended to perform compatibility tests and consult technical data sheets or manufacturers' recommendations before using Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate as a plasticizer.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Proper ventilation is necessary, and containers should be tightly sealed. It is important to follow safety precautions, including wearing appropriate protective equipment when handling Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.

Boiling point: 232 °C5 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.12 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.528(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Water Solubility: 8.69mg/L at 20℃
LogP: 3.9 at 20℃
Melting point : -37℃
Flash point: 199℃ (open cup)
Specific gravity at: 25℃ 1.12g/ml
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is regulated by various authorities depending on the country or region.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is generally considered safe for use in approved applications when handled and used according to recommended guidelines.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is compatible with many polymers, it may not be suitable for all applications.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, recommended to perform compatibility tests and consult technical data sheets or manufacturers' recommendations before using Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate as a plasticizer.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Proper ventilation is necessary, and containers should be tightly sealed.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is important to follow safety precautions, including wearing appropriate protective equipment when handling Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is known for its high plasticizing efficiency, meaning that it can effectively reduce the glass transition temperature of polymers even at relatively low concentrations.
This allows for a greater degree of flexibility and softness in the final material.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits low migration tendencies, meaning it has a reduced likelihood of leaching out of the polymer matrix over time.
This property is crucial for applications where maintaining the integrity and stability of the plasticizer within the material is essential.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is compatible with a wide range of additives commonly used in polymer formulations.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be blended with other plasticizers, stabilizers, flame retardants, pigments, and fillers to achieve desired material properties and performance characteristics.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate offers good resistance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which helps to prevent degradation and discoloration of the polymer material when exposed to sunlight or other sources of UV light.
This is particularly important for outdoor applications.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has a relatively low viscosity, which makes it easy to handle and incorporate into various polymer systems.
This property allows for efficient mixing and processing during the production of plasticized materials.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits moderate solvent properties, which means it can dissolve or disperse certain substances.
This property can be advantageous in certain applications where Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a solvent or carrier for other additives or active ingredients.

The slight aromatic odor of Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can help mask or minimize any unpleasant odors associated with the polymers or other components in a formulation.
This can be particularly beneficial in applications where odor control is desired, such as in certain consumer products.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can contribute to the formation of a uniform and flexible film when applied to surfaces.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is useful in coatings and adhesive applications, where Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can help improve film integrity, adhesion, and durability.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits good thermal stability, allowing it to maintain its plasticizing properties and performance even at elevated temperatures.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoateis important for applications that involve processing or exposure to heat, such as during extrusion or molding processes.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has low volatility, meaning it has a low tendency to vaporize or evaporate at normal temperatures.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate contributes to the long-term stability of plasticized materials, as it reduces the risk of the plasticizer escaping from the polymer matrix over time.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is classified as a non-phthalate plasticizer, which means it does not contain phthalates, a group of chemicals that have been subject to regulatory scrutiny due to potential health and environmental concerns.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate provides an alternative option for formulators seeking phthalate-free plasticizers.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits good resistance to extraction, which means it is less likely to be extracted by liquids or other substances that come into contact with the plasticized material.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps to maintain the integrity and properties of the plasticized product, even when exposed to solvents or other extractive substances.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a plasticizer in adhesive formulations to improve their flexibility, tack, and bond strength.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can enhance the adhesive properties and enable effective bonding on various substrates.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can affect the mechanical properties of polymer materials.
By adjusting the concentration of Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, it is possible to modify characteristics such as flexibility, tensile strength, elongation, and impact resistance to meet specific application requirements.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate generally has good storage stability, maintaining its properties over time when stored under proper conditions.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is important to store Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate in a cool, dry place and protect it from moisture, extreme temperatures, and exposure to light.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is compatible with various processing aids used in polymer manufacturing, such as lubricants, anti-blocking agents, and anti-static agents.
This compatibility allows for smooth processing and improved performance during production.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate as a plasticizer may result in a slight reduction in the transparency of polymer materials, particularly in clear or transparent formulations.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate effect is dependent on factors such as the concentration of Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate and the specific polymer system.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is utilized in paint and coating formulations as a coalescing agent and plasticizer.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate aids in film formation, promotes uniformity, and enhances the durability and flexibility of the dried film.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has good compatibility with various fillers and pigments commonly used in polymer formulations.
This compatibility allows for uniform dispersion and helps to maintain the physical and mechanical properties of the plasticized material.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has been approved for certain food contact applications, however, it is essential to check specific regulations and compliance requirements in the respective country or region to ensure its safe use in food-related applications.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is not readily biodegradable if environmental concerns are a priority, it is important to consider proper waste management practices and recycling options for plasticized materials containing Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used in combination with other plasticizers to achieve synergistic effects and optimize the performance of the polymer system.
By blending Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate with other compatible plasticizers, it is possible to enhance the overall plasticization efficiency and tailor the material properties to specific requirements.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may be subject to regulatory standards and specifications set by industry organizations.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can present challenges in the recycling of plasticized materials.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may impact the recyclability of certain polymers or complicate the separation of materials during the recycling process.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is often used in electrical insulation applications.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps to improve the flexibility and handling characteristics of wire and cable insulation, while also providing electrical insulation properties.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is considered to have a relatively low environmental impact compared to some other plasticizers.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may be subject to regulations and restrictions in different jurisdictions.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is essential to comply with local regulations, such as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) in the European Union or the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) in the United States, when using Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.

Uses
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is widely used as a plasticizer in PVC (polyvinyl chloride) products.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate improves the flexibility, workability, and durability of PVC materials, including vinyl flooring, vinyl films, wire and cable insulation, synthetic leather, and PVC-based consumer goods.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is employed as a plasticizer and coalescing agent in paint and coating formulations.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps enhance film formation, improve flexibility, and promote adhesion.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is commonly used in architectural coatings, industrial coatings, and solvent-based paints.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is utilized as a plasticizer in adhesive and sealant formulations.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate improves the flexibility and tackiness of the adhesive, enhancing its bonding strength and performance.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds application in various adhesive types, including pressure-sensitive adhesives, construction adhesives, and sealants.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a plasticizer in printing inks, particularly in flexographic and gravure inks.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate enhances ink flow, improves printability, and helps maintain the desired viscosity and tack of the ink.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be incorporated as a plasticizer in elastomers and rubber formulations to improve their flexibility and processability.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds use in rubber compounds, gaskets, seals, and other rubber products.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is utilized in various automotive applications, including interior trim, gaskets, seals, and wire and cable insulation.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is plasticizing properties help improve the performance and durability of automotive components.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is sometimes used as a plasticizer in textile coatings and leather finishes.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is employed as a plasticizer in wire and cable insulation to enhance flexibility, improve handling characteristics, and provide electrical insulation properties.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is commonly used in the production of power cables, telecommunications cables, and other electrical wiring applications.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a plasticizer in the production of synthetic leather and upholstery materials.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve the softness, flexibility, and durability of the synthetic leather, making it suitable for various applications in the furniture, automotive, and fashion industries.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is utilized as a plasticizer in the production of vinyl floorings, vinyl tiles, and wallcoverings.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate enhances the flexibility and workability of these materials, making them easy to install and resistant to wear and tear.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is sometimes used in the manufacturing of medical and healthcare products.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be found in applications such as medical tubing, healthcare equipment, and prosthetic devices, where its plasticizing properties contribute to flexibility and performance.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be incorporated into plastic films and packaging materials to improve their flexibility, elongation, and impact resistance.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps ensure the integrity of the packaging and protects the contents from damage during handling and transportation.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used in certain personal care products such as cosmetics, lotions, and creams as a solubilizer and emollient.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps to enhance product texture, spreadability, and moisturizing properties.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds application in construction and building materials such as caulks, sealants, and joint compounds.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is utilized in the formulation of personal care and cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, moisturizers, and sunscreens.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve the texture, spreadability, and emollient properties of these products.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a solvent and carrier for fragrances and essential oils in the fragrance and perfume industry.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps to stabilize and enhance the scent profile of the fragrance compositions.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be employed as a plasticizer in printing inks, including offset inks and specialty inks used in the printing and graphic arts industry. I

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a modifier or additive in resin systems to enhance their performance and properties.
It can improve the flexibility, adhesion, and impact resistance of various resins, including epoxy resins and polyester resins.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a solvent or co-solvent in various applications, including paint thinners, cleaning agents, and specialty solvent formulations.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is sometimes used as a solvent and carrier for agricultural chemicals such as herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate aids in the dispersion and application of these chemicals on crops and plants.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be found in industrial cleaning products, such as degreasers and specialty cleaners, where it acts as a solvent and aids in the removal of dirt, oils, and other contaminants.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be utilized as a plasticizer and solvent in textile printing inks.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve ink flow, adhesion, and color retention on textile substrates, contributing to vibrant and durable prints.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a plasticizer and softening agent in the finishing process of leather.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is employed as a solvent and carrier in the formulation of pesticides and agricultural chemicals.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps dissolve active ingredients and improves the stability and effectiveness of the formulations.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a plasticizer and processing aid in rubber manufacturing processes.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is sometimes used in water treatment applications as a solvent and carrier for certain chemicals.
It aids in the dispersion and delivery of water treatment agents for purposes such as disinfection, pH adjustment, and corrosion control.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a concrete additive to enhance workability and reduce water demand.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is employed as a plasticizer and film-forming agent in metal coatings.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve the adhesion, flexibility, and corrosion resistance of the coatings applied to metal substrates.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a plasticizer and rheology modifier in the formulation of sealants and caulks.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be utilized as a plasticizer in polymer foam formulations, including polyurethane foam and expanded polystyrene (EPS).
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as an additive in fuel and oil formulations to improve lubricity, reduce friction, and enhance performance.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be added to fuels, lubricating oils, and hydraulic fluids.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a processing aid in polymer manufacturing processes, including extrusion and injection molding.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve the flow properties and processability of polymers during production.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is employed in the formulation of metalworking fluids, such as cutting oils and lubricants, where it helps improve lubricity, cooling properties, and corrosion resistance.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a fuel additive to improve the lubricity and flow properties of certain fuels, particularly in applications where low sulfur fuels are used.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a plasticizer in industrial lubricants to improve their viscosity, reduce friction, and enhance their lubricating properties.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may have applications in other industries, including textiles, printing and packaging, synthetic fibers, foam production, and specialty chemical formulations.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be employed in other industrial applications where plasticizers are required, such as in the production of films, sheets, profiles, molded parts, and synthetic fibers.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds application in numerous industries.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is commonly used as a plasticizer in PVC-based products, such as vinyl flooring, wire and cable insulation, flexible hoses, and synthetic leather.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is also utilized in coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers to enhance their flexibility and workability.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is mainly used as plasticizer, for example, used in resilient floors, plastisol, adhesives, binder, coatings and coated materials,screen printing ink, sealants, filler and caulking materials, dyes, nail polish, skin protect product, photoresist, liquid crystal film, polymer of disposable hygiene products and food packaging, etc., and it can be plasticized such as PVC, polyethylene/polypropylene, polyvinyl aceate£¬polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polymethacrylate, polyisocyanate, polyurethane, phenolic resins, epoxy resins, polyether, ethylcellulose, cellulose butyrate, nitrocellulose, chloroethylene or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene-acrylate copolymer, ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, and so on.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is also as processing aid of natural or synthetic rubber, solubilizer and dispersant of pigments or toner, and as extractive distillation agent for the organics that their boiling points is proximity.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate use as a solvent for many cosmetic actives, such as sunscreens and fragrances.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate use antiperspirants and deodorants where its humectant properties help to retain the natural moisture of hair as well as imparting considerable shine and body.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may be used as a diluent for the preparation of polysulfone membranes by heat induced phase separation.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds potential applications in water treatment and food processing.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may also be used as a plasticizer with poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) for the fabrication of diamond coated PVC.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate use as a highly soluble benzoate plasticizer, because of its low toxicity and environmental protection, low solization temperature, high plasticizing efficiency, large filling volume, cold resistance, good pollution resistance and other characteristics.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is recognized and recommended by the European Union to replace conventional o-benzene plasticizers and used as environmentally friendly plasticizers.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is widely used in polyvinyl chloride synthetic plastics, water-based adhesives, polysulfide sealants, polyurethane sealants, and artificial leather And synthetic rubber and other fields, and reflect its superiority and plasticizing effect.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate uses can be used as a plasticizer for resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate and polyurethane.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has strong solvent effect, good compatibility, low volatility, durability, oil resistance and pollution resistance.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is often used for highly filled PVC flooring and extruded plastics, which can improve processability, reduce processing temperature and shorten processing cycle.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may be used as a diluent for the preparation of polysulfone membranes by heat induced phase separation.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds potential applications in water treatment and food processing.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may also be used as a plasticizer with poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) for the fabrication of diamond coated PVC.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate used as a solvator for PVC, plasticizer in elastomers, in vinyl flooring, adhesives, latex caulks and sealants, color concentrates for PVC, and castable polyurethanes; Used to formulate adhesives, sealants, lubricants, plasticizers, coatings, and inks, to make fine and large scale chemicals, and as a plasticizer for PVC and carrier for agrochemicals; Permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products;
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is most commonly used in the packaging industry for carton sealing, book binding and labelling purposes and in the textile industry for woven as well as non-woven fabrics.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the following products: coating products, adhesives and sealants and polymers.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and in the production of articles.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release and industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines), Vehicles (e.g. personal vehicles, delivery vans, boats, trains, metro or planes)) and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products e.g. refrigerators, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, computers, telephones, drills, saws, smoke detectors, thermostats, radiators, large-scale stationary industrial tools).
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).This substance is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and polymers.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.This substance is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, non-metal-surface treatment products, coating products, textile treatment products and dyes, polymers, pH regulators and water treatment products and leather treatment products.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in the production of articles, formulation in materials, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and as processing aid.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the following products: coating products, non-metal-surface treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes, semiconductors, adhesives and sealants, laboratory chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products and leather treatment products.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, textile, leather or fur, electrical, electronic and optical equipment, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), plastic products and rubber products.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may cause irritation to the eyes and skin upon direct contact.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is important to avoid contact with the eyes and skin and use appropriate protective measures, such as gloves and safety goggles, when handling Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate vapor or mist may cause irritation to the respiratory system.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is considered to have low toxicity to aquatic organisms, however, like any chemical substance, it should be handled responsibly to prevent contamination of waterways or soil.
Spills or releases of Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate should be properly contained and reported according to applicable regulations.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is combustible and may present a fire hazard if exposed to an ignition source.

Hazardous Decomposition Products:
During combustion or thermal decomposition, Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may release hazardous decomposition products, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and various organic compounds.
Adequate ventilation and proper fire safety measures should be in place to minimize the risk of exposure to these decomposition products.

Health and Safety:
As with any chemical, Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is important to follow appropriate safety measures when handling Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.
This includes wearing protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, and ensuring proper ventilation in the working area.

Packaging:
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is typically available in bulk containers, such as drums or intermediate bulk containers (IBCs).
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is important to store and transport the chemical in suitable containers that are compatible with the material.

Synonyms
27138-31-4
94-03-1
Oxydipropyl dibenzoate
1,1'-Oxybis-2-propanol dibenzoate
1,1'-Dimethyl-2,2'-oxydiethyl dibenzoate
9QQI0RSO3H
2-Propanol, 1,1'-oxybis-, dibenzoate
Oxybis(propane-1,2-diyl) dibenzoate
DTXCID507921
DTXSID6027921
CAS-27138-31-4
EINECS 202-296-9
UNII-9QQI0RSO3H
1,1'-OXYBIS(2-PROPANOL) DIBENZOATE
1-(2-benzoyloxypropoxy)propan-2-yl benzoate
SCHEMBL1255193
CHEMBL1877406
DTXSID401043495
1,1'-Oxybis(2-propanol)dibenzoate
Tox21_202280
Tox21_300147
NCGC00164208-01
NCGC00247908-01
NCGC00254168-01
NCGC00259829-01
1,1'-oxybis(propane-2,1-diyl) dibenzoate
2-Propanol,1,1'-oxybis-,dibenzoate(9ci)
FT-0698140
2-Propanol,1,1'-oxybis-, dibenzoate (9CI)
2-PROPANOL, 1,1'-OXYDI-, DIBENZOATE
Q27272899
DI(1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL) DIBENZOATE, TAIL TO TAIL-

1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-2-propanol; 2-propanol, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-; butyldipropasol solvent; DPnB; n-butoxy-methylethoxy-propanol; nbutoxy-propoxy-propanol; Solvenol DPnB) CAS NO:29911-28-2

Disodium cocoamphodiacetate; DSCADA; Disodium N-2-(N-(2-carboxymethoxyethyl)-N-carboxymethylamino)ethylcocamide cas no: 68650-39-5

Disflamoll TOF is a clear colorless to pale yellow liquid with a slight sharp odor.
Disflamoll TOF is a family of halogen free plasticizers with good flame retarding characteristics in many polymers.
Disflamoll TOF insoluble in water; Soluble in alcohol, acetone, and ether.

CAS Number: 78-42-2
Molecular Formula: C24H51O4P
Molecular Weight: 434.63
EINECS No: 201-116-6

Disflamoll TOF, a clear, viscous liquid, is used as a component of vinyl stabilizers, grease additives, and flame-proofing compositions; however, it is used primarily as a plasticizer for vinyl plastic and synthetic rubber compounds.
Disflamoll TOF has been employed as a specialty flameretardant plasticizer for vinyl compositions where low temperature flexibility is critical, eg, in military tarpaulins.

Disflamoll TOF can be included in blends with general purpose.
Disflamoll TOF has been employed as a specialty flameretardant plasticizer for vinyl compositions where low temperature flexibility is critical, eg, in military tarpaulins.
Disflamoll TOF can be included in blends with general purpose plasticizers such as phthalate esters to improve low temperature flexibility.

Disflamoll TOF finds application as a fire-retardant, plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride and cellulose nitrate.
Disflamoll TOF is used as a stimulant for the chemical warfare nerve agent VX. further, it used as an alkylation agent for nitrogen heterocyclic compounds and as a catalyst to produce phenolic and urea resins.

Disflamoll TOF is used as an antifoaming agent and a co-solvent in hydrogen peroxide production.
Disflamoll TOF has been employed as a specialty flameretardant plasticizer for vinyl compositions where low temperature flexibility is critical, eg, in military tarpaulins.
Disflamoll TOF can be included in blends with general purpose plasticizers such as phthalate esters to improve low temperature flexibility

Disflamoll TOF clear colorless to pale yellow liquid with a slight sharp odor.
Disflamoll TOF is widely used as a flame retardant, plasticizer, and extractant in the production of chemical enterprises.

Disflamoll TOFs most important use is the production of hydrogen peroxide.
As the solvent of hydrogen anthraquinone, Disflamoll TOF has the conditions of high solubility of hydrogen anthrone, high distribution coefficient of hydrogen peroxide between water and solvent, high boiling point and high ignition point.

Disflamoll TOF by Lanxess is Disflamoll TOF-based plasticizer for adhesives and sealants.
Disflamoll TOF offers very good resistance to low temperature and weathering.
Disflamoll TOF is a strong, moderately polar solvent.

Disflamoll TOF, commonly abbreviated as TEHP or TEOHP, is a chemical compound belonging to the class of compounds known as organophosphates.
It's an ester that is often used as a plasticizer and flame retardant in various industrial and consumer products.

Melting point: -70°C
Boiling point: 215 °C4 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 0.92 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 2.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.444(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: <0.001g/l
form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.93
color: Colourless
PH: 7 (H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: BRN: 1715839
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances TRI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHATE
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS DataBase Reference: 78-42-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1

Disflamoll TOF is a commercial chemical product that belongs to a class of chemicals known as flame retardants.
Disflamoll TOF flame retardants are additives that are used in various materials to reduce their flammability and slow down the spread of fire.
Disflamoll TOF is specifically used as a flame retardant in polymers, plastics, and other materials.

"Disflamoll" is a brand name used by LANXESS, a specialty chemicals company, and "TOF" likely refers to the specific formulation or variant of the flame retardant.
Different variants of flame retardants are developed to be suitable for use in various types of materials and applications.

Flame retardants like Disflamoll TOF work by interfering with the combustion process.
Disflamoll TOF can inhibit the formation of flammable gases, reduce heat release, and form a protective char layer on the material's surface.
This helps to slow down the ignition and spread of fire, providing additional time for people to evacuate a building and for firefighters to control the blaze.

It's important to note that the use of flame retardants, including Disflamoll TOF, has raised environmental and health concerns over the years.
Some flame retardants have been found to have adverse effects on human health and the environment.
Therefore, the selection and use of flame retardants in products are subject to regulations and guidelines to ensure their safety.

Disflamoll TOF is a specific flame retardant formulation that is designed for use in a variety of materials, primarily to enhance their fire resistance properties.
The exact chemical composition of Disflamoll TOF may vary based on the specific formulation used by LANXESS.
Flame retardant formulations often consist of several different chemical compounds that work together to achieve the desired fire-retardant effect.

Disflamoll TOF is typically used in the production of various polymers and plastics to improve their resistance to ignition and slow down the spread of flames.
Disflamoll TOF and other flame retardants work through various mechanisms to suppress or delay the combustion process.
This can involve the release of inert gases, the formation of a protective char layer, and the reduction of flammable gases that contribute to the propagation of flames.

Disflamoll TOF, have been subject to scrutiny due to potential environmental and health concerns.
Some flame retardants have been found to persist in the environment and accumulate in living organisms.
Some of these compounds are also associated with health risks, such as endocrine disruption and developmental effects.

Uses
Disflamoll TOF is used as a phosphorous flame retardant.
Disflamoll TOF used as a plasticizer in the preparation of a new potentiometric membrane sensor.
Disflamoll TOF finds application as a fire-retardant, plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride and cellulose nitrate.

Disflamoll TOF is used as a stimulant for the chemical warfare nerve agent VX.
Disflamoll TOF used as an alkylation agent for nitrogen heterocyclic compounds and as a catalyst to produce phenolic and urea.

In addition to this, Disflamoll TOF is used as an antifoaming agent and a co-solvent in hydrogen peroxide production.
Disflamoll TOF (TOF) is a plasticizer compatible with many types of polymers such as PVC, PUR, NBR, and SBR.
Disflamoll TOF shows very good resistance to low temperatures and has excellent weathering properties.

In the manufacturing of herbicides, pesticides, and flame retardants Disflamoll TOF is used.
Disflamoll TOF can also be used as a carrier for pigments.
Disflamoll TOF used to finds application as a fire-retardant, plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride and cellulose nitrate.

Disflamoll TOF is primarily used as a plasticizer, a type of additive that is mixed with polymers (such as plastics and rubbers) to increase their flexibility, durability, and processability.
Disflamoll TOF reduce the stiffness of materials and make them more suitable for molding, extrusion, and other manufacturing processes.
Disflamoll TOF is often used in applications where resistance to high temperatures and chemical stability are important.

Disflamoll TOF is also used as a flame retardant in various materials.
Flame retardants are added to products to reduce their flammability and slow down the spread of fire.
Disflamoll TOF can release non-flammable gases when exposed to heat, diluting the flammable gases released during combustion and reducing the overall fire hazard.

Disflamoll TOF can be found in industrial products such as paints, coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
It can provide fire resistance and improve the durability of these products.
Disflamoll TOF is used as a plasticizer in the insulation of wires and cables to enhance their flexibility and resistance to cracking, especially at low temperatures.

In the automotive industry, Disflamoll TOF may be used in the production of materials such as upholstery, dashboards, and interior components to provide flexibility and resistance to heat and chemicals.
Disflamoll TOF may also be present in consumer products like vinyl flooring, synthetic leather, toys, and some personal care items.

Disflamoll TOF is used as a phosphorous flame retardant.
Disflamoll TOF used as a plasticizer in the preparation of a new potentiometric membrane sensor.
Disflamoll TOF can replace hydrogenated terpene pine alcohol in hydrogen peroxide produced by anthraquinone method, so that the product has high concentration, good quality and low self-consumption, and can also be used as a cold-resistant plasticizer.

Disflamoll TOF (TEHP) is a non-flammable,colourless liquid with low water solubility and very low vapour pressure, which is used as a flame retardant and plasticizer for PVC and cellulose acetate and as a solvent.
Disflamoll TOF is produced from phosphorus oxychloride and 2-ethylhexanol.
Disflamoll TOF is a plasticizer for PVC, imparting good low-temperature flexibility, resistance to water extraction, flame and fungus resistance, and minimum change in flexibility over a wide temperature range.

Disflamoll TOF is primarily used as an additive in vinyls and synthetic rubbers to impart or enhance light stability, weather resistance and flame retardant properties.
Disflamoll TOF is also used as a solvent in the production of hydrogen peroxide, as a carrier in the manufacture of pigments for plastics and as an additive for mineral oils.

Disflamoll TOF is a kind of practical good fire-retardant, and one of cold resistant plasticizer is used for Vinylite, celluosic resin, resol, urethane, synthetic rubber, solvent, defoamer etc.
Disflamoll TOFs low-temperature performance is better than the adipic acid ester class, and has mildew-resistant and fire retardation, though thermostability and plasticizing capacity are slightly poor, can with phosphoric acid triphen first and usefulness.

With Disflamoll TOF and with obtaining the self-extinguishing goods, also can be used for polyvinyl chloride cable material, coating etc.
Disflamoll TOF is now chiefly used as a processing solvent,instead of hydroterpineol,for producing hydrogen peroxide by anthraquinone process.
It is an ideal solvent in this process,for its low volatility and good extraction distribution coefficient.

Disflamoll TOF is also a cold-resisting and fire-retarding plasticizer applied in ethylenic and cellulosic resins,synthetic rubbers.
The cold resisting property is superior to adipate esters.
Disflamoll TOF can be incorporated into coatings, adhesives, and sealants to improve their flexibility, durability, and resistance to heat.

These enhanced properties make Disflamoll TOF-containing coatings and adhesives suitable for various applications, including industrial and commercial settings.
Disflamoll TOFis utilized in the formulation of industrial products where its plasticizing and flame-retardant properties are advantageous.
This can include paints, varnishes, industrial coatings, and adhesives.

Disflamoll TOF can be added to textiles and upholstery materials to enhance their performance and fire resistance.
This is especially relevant in applications where safety standards require textiles to have reduced flammability.

Disflamoll TOF is used in the electronics industry to provide fire resistance to components and materials that may be exposed to heat or flames.
Disflamoll TOF might be present in various consumer products that require flexibility and fire resistance, such as vinyl or synthetic leather items, inflatable products, and certain toys.

Environmental and Health Concerns:
As with many chemicals, Disflamoll TOF has raised environmental and health concerns.
Some Disflamoll TOF, including certain plasticizers and flame retardants, have been associated with adverse effects on human health and the environment.
These concerns have prompted regulatory scrutiny and research into the potential risks of Disflamoll TOF exposure.

Regulation and Safety:
Regulatory agencies in different countries have established guidelines and regulations to control the use of chemicals like Disflamoll TOF in consumer products.
These regulations aim to ensure that products are safe for both human health and the environment.
Industries that use Disflamoll TOF are responsible for adhering to these regulations and ensuring the safe use of the compound in their products.

Synonyms
Disflamoll TOF
78-42-2
Disflamoll TOF
Disflamoll TOF
Kronitex TOF
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester
Flexol TOF
Flexol plasticizer TOF
Tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol phosphate
Tris(ethylhexyl) phosphate
Tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, phosphate
NCI-C54751
TEHP
Triethylhexyl phosphate
Phosphoric acid, tris(ethylhexyl) ester
Tri(ethylhexyl) phosphate
2-Ethylhexanol, phosphate triester
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat
Tris(2-ethylhexy)phosphate
CCRIS 615
NSC 407921
HSDB 2562
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat [Czech]
EINECS 201-116-6
UNII-BQC0BKB72S
Tris-2(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat [Czech]
BQC0BKB72S
TOF
BRN 1715839
Tris-2(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat
AI3-07852
DTXSID0021414
NSC-407921
Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Ester
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl)ester
EC 201-116-6
DTXCID801414
CAS-78-42-2
Amgard TOF
MFCD00009491
'Trioctyl' phosphate
1-Hexanol, phosphate
Disflamoll TOF (TOP)
tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphat
Tris(2-ethylhexl)phosphate
SCHEMBL35485
MLS002415769
Phosphoric Acid Trioctyl Ester
CHEMBL1562290
2-Ethylhexanol phosphate (3:1)
CHEBI:181994
GTVWRXDRKAHEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
HMS3039O17
Phosphoric acid tris(2-ethylhexyl)
Tox21_201369
Tox21_300321
NSC407921
Disflamoll TOF, 97%
AKOS015843194
CS-W009670
LS-1747
NCGC00091821-01
NCGC00091821-02
NCGC00091821-03
NCGC00254160-01
NCGC00258921-01
SMR001370923
P1022
Disflamoll TOF [HSDB]
WLN: 4Y2&1OPO&O1Y4&2&O1Y4&2
A865029
Q2454094
Tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate; (Disflamoll TOF)
Disflamoll TOF, Selectophore(TM), >=99.0%
InChI=1/C24H51O4P/c1-7-13-16-22(10-4)19-26-29(25,27-20-23(11-5)17-14-8-2)28-21-24(12-6)18-15-9-3/h22-24H,7-21H2,1-6H

beta-Alanine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-[2-(2-carboxyethoxy)ethyl]-, N-coco acyl derivs., disodium salts; Disodium cocoamphodipropionate; DSCADP; DisodiumCocoamphodipropionate; beta-Alanine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-(2-carboxyethoxy)ethyl)-, N-coco acyl derivs, disodium salts; beta-Alanine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-(2-carboxyethoxy)ethyl)-, N-coco acyl derivs., disodium salts; N-(2-Coconut oil amidoethyl)-N-(2-(2-carboxyethyl)oxyethyl)-beta-aminopropionic acid, disodium salt CAS NO:68411-57-4

N° CAS : 39354-45-5 / 40754-59-4 / 42016-08-0 / 58450-52-5 / 68815-56-5 - DLS, Le Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate ou DLS est un tensioactif anionique faisant partie des plus doux de la gamme. Contrairement à ce que l'on pourrait penser, il ne fait pas partie des sulfates , il nettoie les cheveux et le corps plus en douceur que le SLES., Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent moussant : Capture des petites bulles d'air ou d'autres gaz dans un petit volume de liquide en modifiant la tension superficielle du liquide Sinergiste de mousse : Améliore la qualité de la mousse produite en augmentant une ou plusieurs des propriétés suivantes: volume, texture et / ou stabilité Hydrotrope : Augmente la solubilité d'une substance qui est peu soluble dans l'eau. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)-ω-(dodecyloxy)-, sodium salt (1:2); disodium laureth (n=>3) sulfosuccinate; Disodium mono alkyl ether sulphosuccinate; disodium;4-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)-4-oxo-2-sulfonatobutanoate; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)-w-(dodecyloxy)-, disodium salt; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)-omega-(dodecyloxy)-, disodium salt; Sulfosuccinic acid 4-ester with PEG dodecyl ether, disodium salt, s; Aerosol A102; Di-Natrium-Laureth Sulfosuccinat; Dinatriumlaurylalkoholpolyglykolethersulfosuccinat; Disodium laureth sulfosuccinate (INCI); Disodium laureth-12 sulfosuccinate; Disodium laureth-12 sulfosuccinate (INCI); Disodium laureth-6 sulfosuccinate; Disodium laureth-6 sulfosuccinate (INCI); Disodium laureth-9 sulfosuccinate; Disodium laureth-9 sulfosuccinate (INCI); Disodium Laurethsulfosuccinate (INCI); Emcol 1484; Fettalkoholethersulfosuccinat Di-Na-Salz; Laurylethersulfosuccinat; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)- ω-(dodecyloxy)-, di-Natriumsalz; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)-ω-(dodecyloxy)-, disodium salt; Rewopol; Sulfobernsteinsäure(C10-12-alkyl-EO)halbester-di-Natrium-Salz; Sulfosuccinat-Na2, Lauryl-EO; 3-EO; Sulfosuccinic (C12 + 3EO)monoE, 2Na; 3-EO; Sulfosuccinic (C12 + nEO)monoE, 2Na; n-EO; Sulfosuccinic acid, ester with ethoxylated lauryl alcohol, disodium salt; Tego Sulfosuccinat F 30; 3-EO; 30-32% Active Matter; active substance; TEGO SULFOSUCCINATE F 30; 3-EO; 30% Active Matter; active substance; disodium 4-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)-4-oxo-2-sulfonato-butanoate; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)- .omega.-(dodecyloxy)-, disodium salt (1EO); Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)- .omega.-(dodecyloxy)-, disodium salt (3EO)

Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate; Sodium hydrogen phosphate; Sodium phosphate dibasic; disodium phosphate; Sodium Phosphate Dibasic Dodecahydrate; Disodium Phosphate Anhydrous; Disodium Phosphate dihydrate; Disodium Phosphate Heptahydrate; Disodium Phosphate Dodecahydrate CAS NO:7558-79-4 CAS NO:10028-24-7 (dihydrate) CAS NO:7782-85-6 (heptahydrate) CAS NO:10039-32-4 (dodecahydrate)

Distilled Coco Oil Acid; Fatty acids, C8-18 & C18 unsaturated; Coconut Fatty Acid CAS No. 67701-05-7

Kelco Crete200; S 657; V-MAR 3; S 657;D-Glucuronic acid polymer with 6-deoxy-L-mannose and D-glucose, acetate, calcium magnesium potassium sodium salt;S-657 Gum CAS NO:125005-87-0

DL-Dihydroxysuccinic Acid; Racemic Tartaric Acid; DL-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid; (R*,R*)-(+-)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid; cas no: 133-37-9

DL Malic Acid is combination of biologically active L-malic acid and its optical isomer, D-malic acid.
DL Malic Acid is dicarboxylic acid found in fruits and vegetables, especially apples.
DL Malic Acid is an intermediate product of the Citric Acid Cycle, in its esterified form, malate.


CAS Number: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
MDL number: MFCD00064212
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5


DL Malic Acid is odourless and has a molecular weight of 134.09 g/mol.
Under high temperature, exceeding 140 °C, and under anaerobic conditions, acidum malicum converts into fumaric and maleic acids.
DL Malic Acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.


L-malic acid is naturally present in the bodys cells, and is involved in gluconeogenesis, the metabolic pathway that creates glucose for the brain.
DL Malic Acid is an organic compound with little to no odor, a dicarboxylic acid that is the active ingredient in many sour and tart foods.
DL Malic Acid is generated during fruit metabolism and occurs naturally in all fruits and many vegetables.


The pleasant, refreshing experience of biting into a juicy apple or cherry is partly caused by DL Malic Acid.
DL Malic Acid's mellow, smooth, persistent sourness can be blended with multiple food acids, sugars, high intensity sweeteners, flavors and seasonings to create distinctive taste experiences in foods, beverages and confections.


DL Malic Acid is formed in metabolic cycles in the cells of plants and animals, including humans.
DL Malic Acid provides cells with energy and carbon skeletons for the formation of amino acids.
The human body produces and breaks down relatively large amounts of DL Malic Acid every day.


DL Malic Acid contributes to the sourness of green apples.
DL Malic Acid is present in grapes and gives a tart taste to wine.
When added to food products, DL Malic Acid is the source of extreme tartness.


DL Malic Acid is combination of biologically active L-malic acid and its optical isomer, D-malic acid.
DL Malic Acid is dicarboxylic acid found in fruits and vegetables, especially apples.
DL Malic Acid is an intermediate product of the Citric Acid Cycle, in its esterified form, malate.


DL Malic Acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5.
DL Malic Acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive.
DL Malic Acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally.


The synthetic material produced commercially in Europe and the USA is a racemic mixture, whereas the naturally occurring material found in apples and many other fruits and plants is levorotatory.
The salts and esters of DL Malic Acidare known as malates.


The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
DL Malic Acid plays an important role in biochemistry. In the C4 carbon fixation process, malate is a source of CO2 in the Calvin cycle.
In the citric acid cycle, (S)-malate is an intermediate, formed by the addition of an -OH group on the si face of fumarate.


DL Malic Acid can also be formed from pyruvate via anaplerotic reactions.
DL Malic Acid is also synthesized by the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate in the guard cells of plant leaves.
DL Malic Acid, as a double anion, often accompanies potassium cations during the uptake of solutes into the guard cells in order to maintain electrical balance in the cell.


The accumulation of these solutes within the guard cell decreases the solute potential, allowing water to enter the cell and promote aperture of the stomata.
The process of malolactic fermentation converts DL Malic Acid to much milder lactic acid.


DL Malic Acid occurs naturally in all fruits and many vegetables, and is generated in fruit metabolism.
DL Malic Acid, when added to food products, is denoted by E number E296.
DL Malic Acid contains 10 kJ (2.39 kilocalories) of energy per gram.


DL Malic Acid is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.
DL Malic Acid has a role as a food acidity regulator and a fundamental metabolite.
DL Malic Acid is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid and a C4-dicarboxylic acid.


DL Malic Acid is functionally related to a succinic acid.
DL Malic Acid is a conjugate acid of a malate(2-) and a malate.
There are two types of DL-Malic Acid: granular type and powder type.


DL Malic Acid features pureness, gentleness, smoothness, tenderness, lasting acidic taste, high solubility and salt stability etc.
DL-Malic Acid is an organic acid with the ability to form complexes with metals, DL-Hydroxybutanedioic Acid.
An acid of natural origin contained in most fruit (L-malic acid) or synthetically made: DL Malic Acid.


Global consumption of DL-malic acid will grow by 4.7% during 2022–27, driven by developed markets in Western Europe and North America, as well as developing markets in Asia.
DL-malic acid is a major food acid used primarily in beverages, confections, and food.


Demand growth is dependent on the popularity of ready-todrink beverages and processed food.
Consumers’ desire for nutritional and healthful products such as nutraceutical and fruit-flavored beverages, low-calorie confections, and savory foods will also drive consumption growth.


Higher demand for DL-malic acid has resulted in continued investments in capacity expansion, which is set to speed up over the next five years as competition intensifies in the key growing markets.
DL Malic Acid, also known as 2 - hydroxy succinic acid, has two stereoisomers due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom in the molecule.


There are three forms in nature, namely D malic acid, L malic acid and its mixture DL malic acid.
DL Malic Acid is white crystalline or crystalline powder with strong moisture absorption, easily soluble in water and ethanol.
DL Malic Acid has a special pleasant sour taste.


DL Malic Acid is formed as a by-product of the metabolic processes of sugars and occurs under several names, such as:
*hydroxysuccinic acid,
*2-hydroxybutanedioic acid,
*acidum malicum,
*malic acid,
*acidity regulator E296.


DL Malic Acid belongs to the group of natural hydroxy acids.
This means that the molecule contains a hydroxyl group, consisting of oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H).

The structural formula of acidum malicum is as follows:
HOOC–CH(OH)–CH2–COOH.
The molecular formula for DL Malic Acid is: C4H6O5.


As an optically active compound, Malic Acid is classified into two forms:
L-malic acid (left-handed form, found in fruits),
D-malic acid (right-handed form, does not occur in nature).
As a result of industrial treatment of hydroxysuccinic acid, a mixture in the form of a racemate (DL-malic acid), which has no optical activity, is formed.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DL MALIC ACID:
DL Malic Acid is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
DL Malic Acid is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, coating products, water softeners, water treatment chemicals, adhesives and sealants, metal surface treatment products and pH regulators and water treatment products.


Other release to the environment of DL Malic Acid is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


DL Malic Acid can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
DL Malic Acid is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, US and Australia and New Zealand (where it is listed by its INS number 296).


DL Malic Acid can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture) and rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).


DL Malic Acid is used in the following products: water softeners, washing & cleaning products, coating products, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, inks and toners and water treatment chemicals.
DL Malic Acid is used in the following areas: mining, building & construction work, scientific research and development and health services.


DL Malic Acid is used for the manufacture of: food products and .
Other release to the environment of DL Malic Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


DL Malic Acid is used in the following products: non-metal-surface treatment products, cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, metal surface treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes, pH regulators and water treatment products and pharmaceuticals.
Release to the environment of DL Malic Acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


DL Malic Acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, non-metal-surface treatment products, metal surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products, water treatment chemicals, coating products, welding & soldering products, cosmetics and personal care products, paper chemicals and dyes, textile treatment products and dyes and adhesives and sealants.


DL Malic Acid is used in the following areas: mining, building & construction work, scientific research and development and printing and recorded media reproduction.
DL Malic Acid is used for the manufacture of: pulp, paper and paper products, textile, leather or fur, , chemicals, plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and fabricated metal products.



Release to the environment of DL Malic Acid can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of DL Malic Acid can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Other release to the environment of DL Malic Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
DL Malic Acid is sometimes used with or in place of the less sour citric acid in sour sweets.


DL Malic Acid, HOOCCH(OH).CH2COOH, also known as hydroxysuccinic acid, is used in medicine to do a good favour for patients.
DL Malic Acid is used to resolve α-phenylethylamine, a versatile resolving agent in its own right.
In food production, an ingredient called of DL Malic Acid E296 is used as one of the best citric acid substitutes.


DL Malic Acid makes the products stay fresh and attractive for longer.
DL Malic Acid is effective in impeding the appearance of clouding and the loss of colour of various substances.
In chemical industry, DL Malic Acid is also useful in the process of organic synthesis.


Thanks to this, DL Malic Acid is possible to obtain, among others, esters used in the production of cleaning agents and cosmetics.
Manufacturers in the pharmaceutical industry make good use of the beneficial properties of acidum malicum.
Organic acid is a healthy stimulant for the digestive system and improves the condition of the epidermis, and therefore DL Malic Acid is used as an ingredient in medicinal rinses, capsules and dietary supplements.


DL Malic Acid is used in cosmetics and the beauty industry
The antibacterial, stabilising, preserving and brightening properties of acidum malicum are appreciated especially by manufacturers from the cosmetic and beauty industries.


Treatments with DL Malic Acid are aimed at improving the condition of the epidermis, inhibiting bacterial growth and the ageing of cells.
Exposing the skin to intense acid action also helps to get rid of discolouration, blemishes and shrink unattractive-looking pores.
DL Malic Acid is used with or in place of the less sour citric acid in sour sweets.


DL Malic Acid is used as a flavor enhancer in food preparation for confectionaries, beverages, fruit preparations and preserves, desserts, and bakery products.
DL Malic Acid is also essential in the preparation of medical products such as throat lozenges, cough syrups, effervescent powdered preparations, toothpaste and mouthwash.


Additionally, DL Malic Acid is used in the manufacture of skin care products to rejuvenate and improve skin conditions.
DL Malic Acid is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a general purpose acidulant.
DL Malic Acid possesses a slight apple flavor and is used as a flavoring agent to mask bitter tastes and provide tartness.


DL Malic Acid is also used as an alternative to citric acid in effervescent powders, mouthwashes, and tooth-cleaning tablets.
DL-Malic Acid is used as acidulant, color retention agent, preservative and emulsion stabilizer in food industry, etc.
DL Malic Acid is mainly used in food and medicine industry.


DL Malic Acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid found in certain fruits and wines.
Some people take DL Malic acid supplements to treat fatigue and dry mouth.
DL Malic Acid is also used to make some medicines, add flavor to food, and serve as a natural exfoliating ingredient in many products used to improve skin tone.


Aside from adding tartness to foods and beverages, DL Malic Acid has been researched for a variety of health uses.
Malate, the ionized form of DL Malic Acid, plays a small role in the Krebs Cycle, the primary way our bodies generate energy.


-Plant defense
Soil supplementation with molasses increases microbial synthesis of DL Malic Acid.
This is thought to occur naturally as part of soil microbe suppression of disease, so soil amendment with molasses can be used as a crop treatment in horticulture


-Malic acid in food
DL Malic Acid was first isolated from apple juice by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1785.
Antoine Lavoisier in 1787 proposed the name acide malique which is derived from the Latin word for apple, mālum.
DL Malic Acid contributes to the sourness of green apples. Malic acid is present in grapes.
DL Malic Acid confers a tart taste to wine, although the amount decreases with increasing fruit ripeness.
The process of malolactic fermentation converts DL Malic Acid to much milder lactic acid.


-Skincare
DL Malic Acid is an alpha hydroxy acid, which is said to be a natural exfoliator.
DL Malic Acid may be used to smooth wrinkles and fine lines, improve skin texture, cleanse pores, and improve overall skin. Because of this, DL Malic Acid has been used in various skincare products.


-Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are painful and can affect many people.
DL Malic Acid has been researched for its potential role in preventing and treating kidney stones.
In one preliminary study set in a lab, DL Malic Acid was found to increase urine pH levels, making kidney stone formation less likely.
The researchers concluded that DL Malic Acid supplementation might help treat calcium kidney stones.
A 2016 review on the importance of a healthy diet to prevent kidney stones suggested pears could be a potential treatment option.
Per the review, the DL Malic Acid in pears may be used to prevent the formation of kidney stones.
This is because DL Malic Acid is a precursor for citrate, a compound that inhibits crystal growth in the kidneys.


-Fibromyalgia:
A pilot study from 1995 found that taking DL Malic Acid in combination with magnesium helped alleviate pain and tenderness in people with fibromyalgia.
In the small study, researchers assigned 24 people with fibromyalgia to treatment with either a placebo or a combination of DL Malic Acid and magnesium.
After six months, those treated with the DL Malic Acid/magnesium combination showed a significant improvement in pain and tenderness.
There remains a lack of more recent research on DL Malic Acid's effectiveness as a fibromyalgia treatment.


-Dry Mouth:
The use of a 1% oral DL Malic Acid spray has been explored as a treatment for dry mouth.
One study evaluated people with dry mouth caused by antidepressants.
Participants were randomized to receive either a 1% DL Malic Acidspray or a placebo.
After two weeks of using the sprays as needed, those using the DL Malic Acid spray had improved dry mouth symptoms and increased rates of saliva flow.
Similar results were seen in a different study looking at DL Malic Acid for dry mouth caused by blood pressure medications.
At the end of this two-week study, participants who used the 1% DL Malic Acid spray had less dry mouth and more saliva compared with the placebo group.


-DL Malic Acid is used as an ingredient in many cosmetics for everyday use, such as:
*moisturising and anti-wrinkle creams,
*brightening masks for face and hair,
*shampoos and hair rinses (including bleaches, colour fixers),
*regenerating and cleansing milks and tonics (soothing, brightening, anti-acne),
*natural rinses for hair and nails.


-In recent years, people associated with the beauty industry have also become interested in DL Malic Acid.
This antibacterial and antioxidant compound, DL Malic Acid, is more and more often used for specialised cosmetology treatments for skin and hair.
Among others, these are:
*brightening masks,
*exfoliating scrubs for the face and body,
*aesthetic anti-ageing treatments.


-Industrial application of DL Malic Acid:
Natural acids of organic origin have long been used in industry.
DL Malic Acid serves, among others, as a preservative and acidity regulator – such as the popular E296 – that’s added to:
*preserves,
*jams,
*marmalade,
*candy,
*jellies, etc.



BENEFITS OF DL MALIC ACID:
*Reduce muscle pain and muscle aches.
*Improve energy.
*Increased exercise tolerance.
*Is generally safe- DL Malic Acid is naturally occurring and safety every day



DL MALIC ACID – PROPERTIES AND ACTION:
How to recognise acidum malicum?
DL Malic Acid is a crystalline, white or yellowish substance with characteristic sour taste, well soluble in water and ethanol.
L-malic acid and D-malic acid melt at 100 °C and begin to boil at 140 °C.

DL Malic Acid has many valuable properties and actions:
*antibacterial,
*anti-inflammatory,
*exfoliating,
*preserving,
*brightening,
*regulating the acidity of other substances,
*supporting human metabolism.



CHARACTERISTICS OF DL MALIC ACID:
DL Malic Acid is white or off-white crystalline powder or granules with a clearly acid flavour.
Melting point of D,L-malic is 127°C-132°C
Melting point of L-malic is 100°C.



IN FOOD, DL MALIC ACID:
DL Malic Acid was first isolated from apple juice by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1785.
Antoine Lavoisier in 1787 proposed the name acide malique, which is derived from the Latin word for apple, mālum—as is its genus name Malus.
In German DL Malic Acid is named Äpfelsäure (or Apfelsäure) after plural or singular of a sour thing from the apple fruit, but the salt(s) are called Malat(e).

DL Malic Acid is the main acid in many fruits, including apricots, blackberries, blueberries, cherries, grapes, mirabelles, peaches, pears, plums, and quince and is present in lower concentrations in other fruits, such as citrus.
DL Malic Acid contributes to the sourness of unripe apples.

Sour apples contain high proportions of the acid.
DL Malic Acid is present in grapes and in most wines with concentrations sometimes as high as 5 g/L.
DL Malic Acid confers a tart taste to wine; the amount decreases with increasing fruit ripeness.

The taste of DL Malic Acid is very clear and pure in rhubarb, a plant for which it is the primary flavor.
DL Malic Acid is also the compound responsible for the tart flavor of sumac spice.
DL Malic Acid is also a component of some artificial vinegar flavors, such as "salt and vinegar" flavored potato chips.
In citrus, fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of DL Malic Acid than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.



RELATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS:
*Succinic acid
*Tartaric acid
*Fumaric acid



RELATED COMPOUNDS OF DL MALIC ACID:
*Butanol
*Butyraldehyde
*Crotonaldehyde
*Sodium malate



PRODUCTION AND MAIN REACTIONS OF DL MALIC ACID:
Racemic DL Malic Acid is produced industrially by the double hydration of maleic anhydride.
In 2000, American production capacity was 5,000 tons per year.
The enantiomers may be separated by chiral resolution of the racemic mixture.
S-Malic acid is obtained by fermentation of fumaric acid.
Self-condensation of DL Malic Acid in the presence of fuming sulfuric acid gives the pyrone coumalic acid



FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF DL MALIC ACID:
(1) In food industry:
DL Malic Acid can be used in the processing and concoction of beverage, liqueur, fruit juice and the manufacture of candy and jam etc.
DL Malic Acid also has effects of bacteria inhibition and antisepsis and can remove tartrate during wine brewing.

(2) In tobacco industry:
DL Malic Acidd derivative (such as esters) can improve the aroma of tobacco.

(3)In pharmaceutical industry:
The troches and syrup compounded with DL Malic Acid have fruit taste and can facilitate their absorption and diffusion in the body.

The naturally occuring isomer is the L-form which has been found in apples and many other fruits and plants.
Selective a-amino protecting reagent for amino acid derivatives.
Versatile synthon for the preparation of chiral compounds including ╬║-opioid receptor agonists, 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogue, and phoslactomycin B.



ETYMOLOGY OF DL MALIC ACID:
The word 'malic' is derived from Latin 'mālum', meaning 'apple'.
The related Latin word mālus, meaning 'apple tree', is used as the name of the genus Malus, which includes all apples and crabapples; and the origin of other taxonomic classifications such as Maloideae, Malinae, and Maleae.



BIOCHEMISTRY OF DL MALIC ACID:
L-Malic acid is the naturally occurring form, whereas a mixture of L- and D-malic acid is produced synthetically.
DL Malic Acid is nearly odorless (sometimes a faint, acrid odor).
DL Malic Acid has a tart, acidic and non-pungent taste.



DOES DL MALIC ACID ONLY OCCUR IN UNRIPE APPLES?
Of course not!
This acidic compound, DL Malic Acid, is also found in many other fruits – rowan berries, cherries, gooseberries, pears, quinces, grapes. DL Malic Acid is present in some species of perennials, e.g., in rhubarb, which is very popular and valued in Poland.
On industrial scale, DL Malic Acid would be difficult to obtain the desired amounts of malic acid from fruit alone.
Therefore, producers often use acidum malicum obtained artificially by chemical method or fermentation method.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DL MALIC ACID:
Molecular Weight: 134.09 g/mol
XLogP: -1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 134.02152329 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 134.02152329 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 94.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 129
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Solubility:
Water at 20°C: 55.8 g/100
Alcohol at 95% vol.: 45.5 g/100.
Ether: 0.84 g/ 100

Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: characteristic
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 131 - 133 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 203 °C
Autoignition temperature: 340 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 646,6 g/l at 20 °C completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,6 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Density: 1.6 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 203 °C
Ignition temperature: 349 °C
Melting Point: 131 - 133 °C
pH value: 2.3 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 800 kg/m3
Solubility: 558 g/l
Chemical formula: C4H6O5
Molar mass: 134.09 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless
Density: 1.609 g⋅cm−3
Melting point: 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K)
Solubility in water: 558 g/L (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa): pKa1 = 3.40
pKa2 = 5.20[2]
Form: solid
Colour: colourless
Melting point: 128 - 132°C
Boiling point: 150°
Flash point: 203°C
Density: 1,60 g/cm3
Mol Weight: 134.08 g/mol
Storage temp: RT
Assay : 99 - 100.5%%
Identity : conforms
Appearance of the solution : conforms
Insoluble Matter (Non Solubles) : <0.1%
Melting Point : 128 - 132°C



FIRST AID MEASURES of DL MALIC ACID:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Rresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DL MALIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DL MALIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DL MALIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DL MALIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DL MALIC ACID:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
hydroxysuccinic acid
hydroxybutanedioic acid
apple acid
H2mal
alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid
E296
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
malic acid
2-hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
2-hydroxysuccinic acid
DL-hydroxysuccinic acid
DL-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
DL-apple acid
(±)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
DL-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
malic acid
DL-malic acid
6915-15-7
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
617-48-1
malate
hydroxysuccinic acid
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-
Malic acid, DL-
Kyselina jablecna
hydroxybutanedioic acid
Pomalus acid
Deoxytetraric acid
Hydroxybutandisaeure
Musashi-no-Ringosan
alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid
dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Caswell No. 537
Monohydroxybernsteinsaeure
Succinic acid, hydroxy-
FDA 2018
R,S(+-)-Malic acid
Malicum acidum
Pomalous acid
DL-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
d,l-malic acid
FEMA Number 2655
2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Kyselina jablecna [Czech]
Malic acid [NF]
(+-)-Malic acid
Aepfelsaeure
FEMA No. 2655
CCRIS 2950
CCRIS 6567
(+/-)-Malic acid
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051101
HSDB 1202
AI3-06292
H2mal
EINECS 210-514-9
EINECS 230-022-8
UNII-817L1N4CKP
NSC 25941
NSC-25941
817L1N4CKP
CHEBI:6650
INS NO.296
DTXSID0027640
E296
INS NO. 296
INS-296
Malic acid, L-
(+-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
L-Malic acid-1-13C
MLS000084707
DTXCID107640
E-296
(+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (+-)-
EC 210-514-9
EC 230-022-8
NSC25941
Malic acid (NF)
(+/-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
DL-MALIC-2,3,3-D3 ACID
SMR000019054
DL-Apple Acid
HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID, (+/-)-
MALIC ACID (II)
MALIC ACID [II]
(R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
MALIC ACID (USP-RS)
MALIC ACID [USP-RS]
BUTANEDIOIC ACID, HYDROXY-, (S)-
R-Malic acid
MALIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH)
MALIC ACID (USP IMPURITY)
MALIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
MALIC ACID [USP IMPURITY]
Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-
CAS-6915-15-7
L-(-)-MalicAcid
DL-hydroxysuccinic acid
C4H6O5
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (-)-
MFCD00064213
(+/-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Racemic malic acid
180991-05-3
MFCD00064212
.+-.-Malic acid
Opera_ID_805
2-hydroxyl-succinic acid
DL-Malic acid, 99%
MALIC ACID [MI]
MALIC ACID,(DL)
2-Hydroxydicarboxylic acid
MALIC ACID [FCC]
SCHEMBL856
2-hydroxy-butanedioic acid
bmse000046
bmse000904
D03WNI
MALIC ACID [INCI]
MALIC ACID [VANDF]
Malic acid-, (L-form)-
DL-Malic acid, >=99%
HYOSCYAMINEHYDROBROMIDE
Oprea1_130558
Oprea1_624131
MALIC ACID [WHO-DD]
butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-
DL-HYDROXYSUCOINIC ACID
Butanedioic acid, (.+-.)-
DL(+/-)-MALIC ACID
GTPL2480
2-HYDROXY-SUCCINIC ACID
DL-HYROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
CHEMBL1455497
BDBM92495
DL-Malic acid, FCC, >=99%
HMS2358H06
HMS3371C13
(C4-H6-O5)x-
DL-Malic acid, analytical standard
HY-Y1311
STR03457
Tox21_201536
Tox21_300372
s9001
STL283959
HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID [HSDB]
AKOS000120085
AKOS017278471
(+/-)-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
AM81418
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, (.+.)-
CCG-266122
DB12751
LS-2394
DL-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00043225-02
NCGC00043225-03
NCGC00254259-01
NCGC00259086-01
78644-42-5
DL-Malic acid, >=98% (capillary GC)
LS-88709
SY003313
SY009804
DL-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
DL-Malic acid 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
DL-Malic acid, USP, 99.0-100.5%
CS-0017784
E 296
EU-0067046
FT-0605225
FT-0625484
FT-0625485
FT-0625539
FT-0632189
M0020
DL-Malic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
EN300-19229
A19426
C00711
C03668
D04843
DL-Malic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
DL-Malic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
M-0825
AB00443952-12
Malic acid, meets USP/NF testing specifications
4-ethoxyphenyltrans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate
L023999
Q190143
Q-201028
0C9A2DC0-FEA2-4864-B98B-0597CDD0AD06
F0918-0088
Z104473230
MALIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF CRANBERRY LIQUID PREPARATION)
Malic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
MALIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF CRANBERRY LIQUID PREPARATION) [DSC]
Malic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
DL-Malic acid, meets analytical specification of FCC, E296, 99-100.5% (alkalimetric)
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid
2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
(L/D)-Malic acid
(±)-Malic acid
(S/R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
DL-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Hydroxysuccinic acid
2-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID

SYNONYMS DL-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate; 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-b- enzopyran-6-ol, acetate; Tocopheryl acetate; 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol acetate;VITAMIN E ACETATE CAS NO. 7695-91-2

DL-CAMPHOR N° CAS : 21368-68-3 Nom INCI : DL-CAMPHOR Nom chimique : DL-Bornan-2-one N° EINECS/ELINCS : 244-350-4 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

d-Limonene; Citrus Terpenes; Citrusterpene; Terpène; Limonene; D-LIMONENE, N° CAS : 5989-27-5 - Limonène, Autres langues : Limonen, Limonene, Limoneno, Nom INCI : D-LIMONENE, Nom chimique : (R)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene; (4R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 227-813-5. 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene; 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene p-Menth-1,8-diene; DL-Limonene; Dipentene. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques. Noms français : (+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-méthylcyclohexène (+)-Isopropenyl-4 méthyl-1 cyclohexène (+)-Limonène (+)-P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE (D)-Limonene (R)-(+)-Limonene (R)-(+)-P-Mentha-1,8-diene (R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene (R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene Carvene CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (R)- D-(+)-Limonène D-Isopropenyl-4 méthyl-1 cyclohexène d-Limonène Limonène (d-) Limonène, (+)- R-1,8(9)-P-Menthadiene Noms anglais :(+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (+)-Limonene D-(+)-Limonene d-Limonene Terpène Le limonène existe sous deux formes isomériques (d- et l- limonène) qui sont des images miroir l'une de l'autre. Le d-limonène est un constituant naturel de certains arbres, plantes, fruits et légumes. On le retrouve entre autres dans la pelure des agrumes (orange, citron, lime, etc.), les cornichons, le céleri, dans l'huile d'orange et dans plusieurs huiles essentielles. L'autre isomère (l-limonène) se retrouve principalement dans les huiles de pin, la térébenthine et les huiles de menthe. Le mélange, en proportions égales, des deux isomères est souvent appelé dipentène. La concentration du d-limonène dans le produit commercial varie en général entre 60 et 98 %, selon le secteur d'activité où il est utilisé; les autres composants du mélange sont habituellement de type terpènes ainsi que des aldéhydes (octanal, nonanal, décanal) et alcools (linalool, etc.). Comme le d-limonène est présent dans plusieurs plantes et aliments, il a été estimé que l'air intérieur pouvait causer l'équivalent d'une exposition à environ 10 µg/kg poids corporel/jour, alors que l'air extérieur pourrait équivaloir à une exposition à environ 0,1 µg/kg poids corporel/jour, et que la nourriture pouvait générer une exposition à environ 0,25 mg/kg poids corporel/jour. Utilisation: Le d-limonène est utilisé comme agent dégraisseur des métaux et des machineries (industries de l'électronique et de l'imprimerie) agent de saveur dans les aliments, les boissons non-alcoolisées et la gomme à mâcher arôme dans les savons, les parfums et les produits d'entretien ménager agent de mouillage et agent dispersant dans l'industrie des résines solvant dans les peintures agent nettoyant / dégraisseur dans les produits d'entretien ménager et industriel solvant pour les produits d'esthétique (+)-limonén (sk) (R)-1-metyl-4-(prop-1-én-2-yl)cyklohexén (sk) (R)-p-menta-1,8-dieen (et) (R)-p-menta-1,8-dieeni (fi) (R)-p-menta-1,8-dien (no) (R)-p-menta-1,8-diena (ro) (R)-p-menta-1,8-dienas (lt) (R)-p-menta-1,8-diene (it) (R)-p-menta-1,8-dieno (es) (R)-p-menta-1,8-dién (hu) (R)-p-mentadiēns-1,8 (lv) (R)-p-mentha-1,8-dieen (nl) (R)-p-mentha-1,8-dien (cs) (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diène (fr) (R)-p-μενθα-1,8-διένιο (el) (R)-p-мeнта-1,8-диен (bg) d-limoneen (et) d-limonen (cs) d-limonene (pl) d-limonitas (lt) d-limonén (hu) d-limonēns (lv) d-лимонен (bg); (+)-Limonene (+)-Limonene; (+)-(4R)-Limonene; (+)-carvene ... (+)-p-Mentha-1,8-dien (4R)-(+)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene (4R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene (4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene (4R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (4R)-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (R)-(+)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (R)-(+)-Limonen (R)-(+)-para-mentha-1,8-diene (R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene (R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene (R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene ; d-limonene (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene 1-methyl-4(prop-1-en-2-yl)-cyclonexene 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene 1-methyl-4-([1R]-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene 1-Methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene 1-méthyl-4-prop-1-èn-2-yl-cyclohexène 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene 4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene 4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene BITTER ORANGE E.O. CYCLOHEXEN,1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-,(R) Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)- Cyclohexene,1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-,(r) D'-limonene d-limonene (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene D-Limoneno Limonene LIMONENE, D- ORANGE OILORANGE BRAZIL OILCITRUS TERPENES R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene, D-Limonene r-p-mentha-1,8-dien ; Aceite d-Limoneno de Naranja Citrus Terpenes Citrusterpene CLEARON M105 CLEARON P105 CLEARON P125 Cold Pressed Peel Oil D'Limonene D-LIMONENE BRAZIL LIMONENE-D NANOLET R1050-CH ORANGE TERPENES; Limonene is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the oil of citrus fruit peels.The D-isomer, occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing. It is also used in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone and as a renewables-based solvent in cleaning products.The less common L-isomer is found in mint oils and has a piny, turpentine-like odor.The compound is one of the main volatile monoterpenes found in the resin of conifers, particularly in the Pinaceae, and of orange oil. Limonene takes its name from French limon ("lemon"). Limonene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer: the principal industrial source, citrus fruit, contains D-limonene ((+)-limonene), which is the (R)-enantiomer.Racemic limonene is known as dipentene.[4] D-Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation.Limonene is a relatively stable monoterpene and can be distilled without decomposition, although at elevated temperatures it cracks to form isoprene.[5] It oxidizes easily in moist air to produce carveol, carvone, and limonene oxide.With sulfur, it undergoes dehydrogenation to p-cymene. Limonene occurs commonly as the D- or (R)-enantiomer, but racemizes to dipentene at 300 °C. When warmed with mineral acid, limonene isomerizes to the conjugated diene α-terpinene (which can also easily be converted to p-cymene). Evidence for this isomerization includes the formation of Diels–Alder adducts between α-terpinene adducts and maleic anhydride. It is possible to effect reaction at one of the double bonds selectively. Anhydrous hydrogen chloride reacts preferentially at the disubstituted alkene, whereas epoxidation with mCPBA occurs at the trisubstituted alkene. In another synthetic method Markovnikov addition of trifluoroacetic acid followed by hydrolysis of the acetate gives terpineol.The most widely practiced conversion of limonene is to carvone. The three-step reaction begins with the regioselective addition of nitrosyl chloride across the trisubstituted double bond. This species is then converted to the oxime with a base, and the hydroxylamine is removed to give the ketone-containing carvon. D-Limonene is a major component of the aromatic scents and resins characteristic of numerous coniferous and broadleaved trees: red and silver maple (Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum), cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia), aspens (Populus grandidentata, Populus tremuloides) sumac (Rhus glabra), spruce (Picea spp.), various pines (e.g., Pinus echinata, Pinus ponderosa), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), larches (Larix spp.), true firs (Abies spp.), hemlocks (Tsuga spp.), cannabis (Cannabis sativa spp.),cedars (Cedrus spp.), various Cupressaceae, and juniper bush (Juniperus spp.). It contributes to the characteristic odor of orange peel, orange juice and other citrus fruits.To optimize recovery of valued components from citrus peel waste, d-limonene is typically removed.Limonene is common as a dietary supplement and as a fragrance ingredient for cosmetics products. As the main fragrance of citrus peels, D-limonene is used in food manufacturing and some medicines, such as a flavoring to mask the bitter taste of alkaloids, and as a fragrance in perfumery, aftershave lotions, bath products, and other personal care products. D-Limonene is also used as a botanical insecticide. D-Limonene is used in the organic herbicide "Avenger". It is added to cleaning products, such as hand cleansers to give a lemon or orange fragrance (see orange oil) and for its ability to dissolve oils. In contrast, L-limonene has a piny, turpentine-like odor. Limonene is used as a solvent for cleaning purposes, such as adhesive remover, or the removal of oil from machine parts, as it is produced from a renewable source (citrus essential oil, as a byproduct of orange juice manufacture). It is used as a paint stripper and is also useful as a fragrant alternative to turpentine. Limonene is also used as a solvent in some model airplane glues and as a constituent in some paints. Commercial air fresheners, with air propellants, containing limonene are used by philatelists to remove self-adhesive postage stamps from envelope paper. Limonene is also used as a solvent for fused filament fabrication based 3D printing. Printers can print the plastic of choice for the model, but erect supports and binders from HIPS, a polystyrene plastic that is easily soluble in limonene. As it is combustible, limonene has also been considered as a biofuel. In preparing tissues for histology or histopathology, D-limonene is often used as a less toxic substitute for xylene when clearing dehydrated specimens. Clearing agents are liquids miscible with alcohols (such as ethanol or isopropanol) and with melted paraffin wax, in which specimens are embedded to facilitate cutting of thin sections for microscop. Uses Found in a vast array of cleaning products, cosmetics, food flavourings and even aromatherapy, it comes in two forms: d-limonene and l-limonene. These are like “different handed” versions of the same molecule, with only subtle differences. The d-limonene form is used in food-grade products, as well as cleaning and beauty products, and is prized mainly for its smell. It is also used in hospital laboratories when cleaning tissue samples for analysis. The l-limonene version has a more pine-like scent but is used mainly as a solvent in industrial cleaning products. It even turns up in some 3D printing processes. D-limonene is one of the most common terpenes in nature. It is a major constituent in several citrus oils (orange, lemon, mandarin, lime, and grapefruit). D-limonene is listed in the Code of Federal Regulations as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for a flavoring agent and can be found in common food items such as fruit juices, soft drinks, baked goods, ice cream, and pudding. D-limonene (1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl) cyclohexane) is a monocyclic monoterpene with a lemon-like odor and is a major constituent in several citrus oils (orange, lemon, mandarin, lime, and grapefruit). Because of its pleasant citrus fragrance, d-limonene is widely used as a flavor and fragrance additive in perfumes, soaps, foods, chewing gum, and beverages.1 D-limonene is listed in the Code of Federal Regulation as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for a flavoring agent.For years, d-Limonene has been a solvent of choice for product formulators and cleaning professionals, so it is not a new product. d-Limonene is a natural oil that is extracted from the peels of oranges when orange juice is made, and is unique in the chemical world because it is a solvent that exists in nature. It is not manufactured through any chemical reaction or process. In fact, when the oranges are gone, so is the d-Limonene. The typical concentration of d-limonene in orange juice, ice cream, candy, and chewing gum is 100 ppm, 68 ppm, 49 ppm, and 2,300 ppm, respectively.1

D-LIMONENE Abstract D-limonene is one of the most common terpenes in nature. It is a major constituent in several citrus oils (orange, lemon, mandarin, lime, and grapefruit). D-limonene is listed in the Code of Federal Regulations as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for a flavoring agent and can be found in common food items such as fruit juices, soft drinks, baked goods, ice cream, and pudding. D-limonene is considered to have fairly low toxicity. It has been tested for carcinogenicity in mice and rats. Although initial results showed d-limonene increased the incidence of renal tubular tumors in male rats, female rats and mice in both genders showed no evidence of any tumor. Subsequent studies have determined how these tumors occur and established that d-limonene does not pose a mutagenic, carcinogenic, or nephrotoxic risk to humans. In humans, d-limonene has demonstrated low toxicity after single and repeated dosing for up to one year. Being a solvent of cholesterol, d-limonene has been used clinically to dissolve cholesterol-containing gallstones. Because of its gastric acid neutralizing effect and its support of normal peristalsis, it has also been used for relief of heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). D-limonene has well-established chemopreventive activity against many types of cancer. Evidence from a phase I clinical trial demonstrated a partial response in a patient with breast cancer and stable disease for more than six months in three patients with colorectal cancer. D-Limonene Jump to navigationJump to search Not to be confused with Lemonene. D-Limonene Skeletal structure of the (R)-isomer Ball-and-stick model of the (R)-isomer D-Limonene extracted from orange peels. Names Preferred IUPAC name 1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene Other names 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene p-Menth-1,8-diene Racemic: dl-D-Limonene; Dipentene Identifiers CAS Number 138-86-3 (R/S) ☒ 5989-27-5 (R) ☒ 5989-54-8 (S) ☒ 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:15384 check ChEMBL ChEMBL449062 (R) ☒ ChemSpider 20939 (R/S) check 388386 (S) check 389747 (R) check ECHA InfoCard 100.028.848 Edit this at Wikidata KEGG D00194 check PubChem CID 22311 (R/S) 439250 (S) UNII 9MC3I34447 (R/S) ☒ GFD7C86Q1W (R) ☒ 47MAJ1Y2NE (S) ☒ CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID2029612 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula C10H16 Molar mass 136.238 g·mol−1 Appearance colorless to pale-yellow liquid Odor Orange Density 0.8411 g/cm3 Melting point −74.35 °C (−101.83 °F; 198.80 K) Boiling point 176 °C (349 °F; 449 K) Solubility in water Insoluble Solubility Miscible with benzene, chloroform, ether, CS2, and oils soluble in CCl4 Chiral rotation ([α]D) 87–102° Refractive index (nD) 1.4727 Thermochemistry Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) −6.128 MJ mol−1 Hazards Main hazards Skin sensitizer / Contact dermatitis – After aspiration, pulmonary oedema, pneumonitis, and death[1] GHS pictograms GHS02: FlammableGHS07: HarmfulGHS08: Health hazardGHS09: Environmental hazard GHS Signal word Danger GHS hazard statements H226, H304, H315, H317, H400, H410 GHS precautionary statements P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P272, P273, P280, P301+330+331, P302+352, P303+361+353, P304+340, P312, P333+313, P362, P370+378, P391, P403+233, P235, P405, P501 NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 220 Flash point 50 °C (122 °F; 323 K) Autoignition temperature 237 °C (459 °F; 510 K) Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references D-Limonene is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the oil of citrus fruit peels.[1] The d-isomer, occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing.[1][2] It is also used in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone and as a renewables-based solvent in cleaning products.[1] The less common l-isomer is found in mint oils and has a piny, turpentine-like odor.[1] The compound is one of the main volatile monoterpenes found in the resin of conifers, particularly in the Pinaceae, and of orange oil. D-Limonene takes its name from French limon ("lemon").[3] D-Limonene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer: the principal industrial source, citrus fruit, contains d-D-Limonene ((+)-D-Limonene), which is the (R)-enantiomer.[1] Racemic D-Limonene is known as dipentene.[4] d-D-Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation. Contents 1 Chemical reactions 1.1 Biosynthesis 2 In plants 3 Safety and research 4 Uses 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Chemical reactions D-Limonene is a relatively stable monoterpene and can be distilled without decomposition, although at elevated temperatures it cracks to form isoprene.[5] It oxidizes easily in moist air to produce carveol, carvone, and D-Limonene oxide.[1][6] With sulfur, it undergoes dehydrogenation to p-cymene.[7] D-Limonene occurs commonly as the d- or (R)-enantiomer, but racemizes to dipentene at 300 °C. When warmed with mineral acid, D-Limonene isomerizes to the conjugated diene α-terpinene (which can also easily be converted to p-cymene). Evidence for this isomerization includes the formation of Diels–Alder adducts between α-terpinene adducts and maleic anhydride. It is possible to effect reaction at one of the double bonds selectively. Anhydrous hydrogen chloride reacts preferentially at the disubstituted alkene, whereas epoxidation with mCPBA occurs at the trisubstituted alkene. In another synthetic method Markovnikov addition of trifluoroacetic acid followed by hydrolysis of the acetate gives terpineol. Biosynthesis In nature, D-Limonene is formed from geranyl pyrophosphate, via cyclization of a neryl carbocation or its equivalent as shown.[8] The final step involves loss of a proton from the cation to form the alkene. center[Biosynthesis of D-Limonene from geranyl pyrophosphate The most widely practiced conversion of D-Limonene is to carvone. The three-step reaction begins with the regioselective addition of nitrosyl chloride across the trisubstituted double bond. This species is then converted to the oxime with a base, and the hydroxylamine is removed to give the ketone-containing carvone.[2] In plants d-D-Limonene is a major component of the aromatic scents and resins characteristic of numerous coniferous and broadleaved trees: red and silver maple (Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum), cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia), aspens (Populus grandidentata, Populus tremuloides) sumac (Rhus glabra), spruce (Picea spp.), various pines (e.g., Pinus echinata, Pinus ponderosa), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), larches (Larix spp.), true firs (Abies spp.), hemlocks (Tsuga spp.), cannabis (Cannabis sativa spp.),[9] cedars (Cedrus spp.), various Cupressaceae, and juniper bush (Juniperus spp.).[1] It contributes to the characteristic odor of orange peel, orange juice and other citrus fruits.[1][10] To optimize recovery of valued components from citrus peel waste, d-D-Limonene is typically removed.[11] Safety and research d-D-Limonene applied to skin may cause irritation from contact dermatitis, but otherwise appears to be safe for human uses.[12][13] D-Limonene is flammable as a liquid or vapor and it is toxic to aquatic life.[1] Uses D-Limonene is common as a dietary supplement and as a fragrance ingredient for cosmetics products.[1] As the main fragrance of citrus peels, d-D-Limonene is used in food manufacturing and some medicines, such as a flavoring to mask the bitter taste of alkaloids, and as a fragrance in perfumery, aftershave lotions, bath products, and other personal care products.[1] d-D-Limonene is also used as a botanical insecticide.[1][14] d-D-Limonene is used in the organic herbicide "Avenger".[15] It is added to cleaning products, such as hand cleansers to give a lemon or orange fragrance (see orange oil) and for its ability to dissolve oils.[1] In contrast, l-D-Limonene has a piny, turpentine-like odor. D-Limonene is used as a solvent for cleaning purposes, such as adhesive remover, or the removal of oil from machine parts, as it is produced from a renewable source (citrus essential oil, as a byproduct of orange juice manufacture).[11] It is used as a paint stripper and is also useful as a fragrant alternative to turpentine. D-Limonene is also used as a solvent in some model airplane glues and as a constituent in some paints. Commercial air fresheners, with air propellants, containing D-Limonene are used by philatelists to remove self-adhesive postage stamps from envelope paper.[16] D-Limonene is also used as a solvent for fused filament fabrication based 3D printing.[17] Printers can print the plastic of choice for the model, but erect supports and binders from HIPS, a polystyrene plastic that is easily soluble in D-Limonene. As it is combustible, D-Limonene has also been considered as a biofuel.[18] In preparing tissues for histology or histopathology, d-D-Limonene is often used as a less toxic substitute for xylene when clearing dehydrated specimens. Clearing agents are liquids miscible with alcohols (such as ethanol or isopropanol) and with melted paraffin wax, in which specimens are embedded to facilitate cutting of thin sections for microscopy.[19][20][21] What Is D-Limonene? Everything You Need to Know What it is Uses Benefits Safety & side effects Dosage Bottom line We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process. D-Limonene is the oil extracted from the peels of oranges and other citrus fruits (1). People have been extracting essential oils like D-Limonene from citrus fruits for centuries. Today, D-Limonene is often used as a natural treatment for a variety of health issues and is a popular ingredient in household items. However, not all of D-Limonene’s benefits and uses are supported by science. This article examines D-Limonene’s uses, potential benefits, side effects, and dosage. What is D-Limonene? D-Limonene is a chemical found in the rind of citrus fruits, such as lemons, limes, and oranges. It is especially concentrated in orange peels, comprising around 97% of this rind’s essential oils (2Trusted Source). It’s often referred to as d-D-Limonene, which is its main chemical form. D-Limonene belongs to a group of compounds known as terpenes, whose strong aromas protect plants by deterring predators (3Trusted Source). D-Limonene is one of the most common terpenes found in nature and may offer several health benefits. It has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-stress, and possibly disease-preventing properties. SUMMARY D-Limonene is an essential oil found in citrus fruit peels. It belongs to a class of compounds called terpenes. ADVERTISEMENT Weight management options have evolved Take our quiz to learn more about techniques and tips that will help you achieve your goals. Common uses of D-Limonene D-Limonene is a popular additive in foods, cosmetics, cleaning products, and natural insect repellants. For example, it’s used in foods like sodas, desserts, and candies to provide a lemony flavor. D-Limonene is extracted through hydrodistillation, a process in which fruit peels are soaked in water and heated until the volatile molecules are released via steam, condensed, and separated (4). Due to its strong aroma, D-Limonene is utilized as a botanical insecticide. It’s an active ingredient in multiple pesticide products, such as eco-friendly insect repellents (5). Other household products containing this compound include soaps, shampoos, lotions, perfumes, laundry detergents, and air fresheners. Additionally, D-Limonene is available in concentrated supplements in capsule and liquid form. These are often marketed for their supposed health benefits. This citrus compound is also used as an aromatic oil for its calming and therapeutic properties. SUMMARY D-Limonene is used in a range of products, including food, cosmetics, and eco-friendly pesticides. It can also be found in supplement form, as it may boost health and fight certain diseases. Linked to several health benefits D-Limonene has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and heart-disease-fighting properties. However, most research has been conducted in test tubes or on animals, making it difficult to fully understand the role of D-Limonene in human health and disease prevention. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits D-Limonene has been shown to reduce inflammation in some studies (6Trusted Source, 7Trusted Source). While short-term inflammation is your body’s natural response to stress and is beneficial, chronic inflammation can harm your body and is a major cause of illness. It’s important to prevent or reduce this type of inflammation as much as possible (8Trusted Source). D-Limonene has been shown to reduce inflammatory markers that relate to osteoarthritis, a condition characterized by chronic inflammation. A test-tube study in human cartilage cells noted that D-Limonene reduced nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule that plays a key role in inflammatory pathways (9Trusted Source). In a study in rats with ulcerative colitis — another disease characterized by inflammation — treatment with D-Limonene significantly decreased inflammation and colon damage, as well as common inflammatory markers (10Trusted Source). D-Limonene has demonstrated antioxidant effects as well. Antioxidants help reduce cell damage caused by unstable molecules called free radicals. Free radical accumulation can lead to oxidative stress, which may trigger inflammation and disease (11Trusted Source). One test-tube study revealed that D-Limonene may inhibit free radicals in leukemia cells, suggesting a decrease in inflammation and cellular damage that would normally contribute to disease (12Trusted Source). Although promising, these effects need to be confirmed by human studies. May have anticancer effects D-Limonene may have anticancer effects. In a population study, those who consumed citrus fruit peel, the major source of dietary D-Limonene, had a reduced risk of developing skin cancer compared to those who only consumed citrus fruits or their juices (13Trusted Source). Another study in 43 women recently diagnosed with breast cancer experienced a significant 22% reduction in breast tumor cell expression after taking 2 grams of D-Limonene daily for 2–6 weeks (14Trusted Source). Additionally, research in rodents found that supplementing with D-Limonene inhibited the growth of skin tumors by preventing inflammation and oxidative stress (15Trusted Source). Other rodent studies indicate that D-Limonene may fight other types of cancer, including breast cancer (16Trusted Source). What’s more, when given to rats alongside the anticancer drug doxorubicin, D-Limonene helped prevent several common side effects of the medication, including oxidative damage, inflammation, and kidney damage (17Trusted Source). Although these results are promising, more human studies are needed. May boost heart health Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for nearly one in four deaths (18Trusted Source). D-Limonene may lower your risk of heart disease by reducing certain risk factors, such as elevated cholesterol, blood sugar, and triglyceride levels. In one study, mice given 0.27 grams of D-Limonene per pound of body weight (0.6 grams/kg) showed reduced triglycerides, LDL (bad) cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, and fat accumulation in the liver, compared to a control group (19Trusted Source). In another study, stroke-prone rats given 0.04 grams of D-Limonene per pound of body weight (20 mg/kg) exhibited significant reductions in blood pressure compared to rats of similar health status that did not receive the supplement (20Trusted Source). Keep in mind that human studies are needed before strong conclusions can be drawn. Other benefits Aside from the benefits listed above, D-Limonene may: Reduce appetite. The scent of D-Limonene has been shown to significantly reduce appetite in blowflies. However, this effect has not been studied in humans (21Trusted Source). Decrease stress and anxiety. Rodent studies suggest that D-Limonene could be used in aromatherapy as an anti-stress and anti-anxiety agent (22Trusted Source). Support healthy digestion. D-Limonene may protect against stomach ulcers. In a study in rats, citrus aurantium oil, which is 97% D-Limonene, protected nearly all of the rodents against ulcers caused by medication use (23Trusted Source). SUMMARY D-Limonene may offer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-heart-disease benefits, among others. However, more research in humans is needed. Safety and side effects D-Limonene is considered safe for humans with little risk of side effects. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognizes D-Limonene as a safe food additive and flavoring (5). However, when applied directly to the skin, D-Limonene may cause irritation in some people, so caution should be used when handling its essential oil (24Trusted Source, 25). D-Limonene is sometimes taken as a concentrated supplement. Because of the way your body breaks it down, it’s likely safe consumed in this form. That said, human research on these supplements is lacking (26Trusted Source). Notably, high-dose supplements may cause side effects in some people. What’s more, insufficient evidence exists to determine whether D-Limonene supplements are acceptable for pregnant or breastfeeding women. It’s best to consult your healthcare practitioner before taking D-Limonene supplements, especially if you’re taking medications, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or have a medical condition. SUMMARY Aside from possible skin irritation associated with direct application, D-Limonene is likely safe for most people to use and consume in moderation. Potentially effective dosages Because few D-Limonene studies exist in humans, it’s difficult to provide a dosage recommendation. Nonetheless, dosages of up to 2 grams daily have been safely used in studies (9Trusted Source, 14Trusted Source). Capsule supplements that can be purchased online contain dosages of 250–1,000 mg. D-Limonene is also available in liquid form with typical dosages of 0.05 ml per serving. However, supplements aren’t always necessary. You can easily obtain this compound by eating citrus fruits and peels. For example, fresh orange, lime, or lemon zest can be used to add D-Limonene to baked goods, drinks, and other items. What’s more, pulpy citrus juices, such as lemon or orange juice, boast D-Limonene, too (27Trusted Source). SUMMARY While dosage recommendations don’t exist for D-Limonene, 2 grams daily has been safely used in studies. In addition to supplements, you can obtain D-Limonene from citrus fruits and zest. Other names of D-limonene: D-Limonene Orange peel oil Citrus peel oil Citrine p-mentha-1,8-diene (scientific name) What is D-limonene? What are the health effects of D-limonene? Terpene compounds, which are obtained from the peel of citrus fruits, mostly in lemon peel, and give these plants their scent, are called d-limonene. Intense citrus consumption is thought to be one of the reasons for less cancer and cardiovascular diseases in people eating a Mediterranean diet. Cancer of D-limonene with it has not been prevented or treated. Anti-inflammatory, wound-healing and tumor-shrinking therapy in laboratory studies. Again, in laboratory studies, it has been shown that D-limonene affects the growth signal pathways in cancer cells and can lead to apoptosis. In animal studies, D-limonene slowed the growth of pancreatic, stomach, colon, skin and lung cancers. It also slowed the formation and progress of animals exposed to cancer-causing substances. However, this has not been seen in anti-cancer patients. For which medicinal medicine is D-limonene tried? To prevent and treat cancer In laboratory studies, a combination of d-limonene and the chemotherapy drug called docetaxel increases the effectiveness against prostate cancer cells. A community study (epidemiological) study reported an inverse association between citrus consumption and squamous cell cancer of the skin. However, these results could not be supported by clinical studies. More research is needed to find that D-limonene is not the prevention or treatment of cancer. To treat heartburn and reflux Although it has been tried intensively to concentrate, the limits to support this use, even the d-limonene cause stomach complaints. More are needed in this area. Side effects of D-limonene Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Allergic skin rash Trigger asthma Source 1. Vigushin DM, et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of d-limonene in advanced cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1998. 2. Judge IA, Harris RB, Ritenbaugh C. Citrus peel use is associated with a reduced risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Nutr Cancer. 2000 3. Topham EJ, Wakelin SH. D-Limonene contact dermatitis from hand cleaners. Contact dermatitis. 2003 4. Rabi T, Bishayee A. d-Limonene sensitizes docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells: Generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of apoptosis. D-LEMONEN (D-LEMONEN) Lemon Peel; Scientific studies investigating the Mediterranean cuisine, which is widely used in cold beverages, have coincidentally found the reason why cancer and chronic diseases are rare. Liquid D-Limonene; Its homeland is India and the Far East, and it is a herbal medicine containing a special scented oil. Antioxidant substances are available in high amounts. D-Limonene Liquid active ingredient is found in the peel of other citrus fruits. In addition to cancer, it is beneficial in high blood pressure, lowering of bad cholesterol, increasing good cholesterol, and cardiovascular occlusion.

DL-Lactic Acid is an organic acid.
DL-Lactic Acid has the molecular formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.
DL-Lactic Acid is white in the solid state and it is miscible with water.

CAS: 50-21-5
MF: C3H6O3
MW: 90.08
EINECS: 200-018-0

Synonyms
FEMA 2611;DL-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROPIONIC ACID;DL-Lactic acid, ACS reagent, 85+%;LACTIC ACID, 85% REAGENT (ACS);Lactic;dl-lactic acid, acs;LACTICACID,RACEMIC,USP;2-Hydroxy-2-methylacetic acid
;lactic acid;2-hydroxypropanoic acid;DL-Lactic acid;50-21-5;2-hydroxypropionic acid;Milk acid;lactate;Tonsillosan;Racemic lactic acid;Ordinary lactic acid;Ethylidenelactic acid;26100-51-6;Lactovagan;Acidum lacticum;Milchsaeure;Lactic acid, dl-;Kyselina mlecna;Lacticum acidum;DL-Milchsaeure;Lactic acid USP;(+/-)-Lactic acid;Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-;Aethylidenmilchsaeure;598-82-3;1-Hydroxyethanecarboxylic acid;alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid;Lactic acid (natural);(RS)-2-Hydroxypropionsaeure;FEMA No. 2611;Milchsaure;Kyselina 2-hydroxypropanova;Lurex;Propionic acid, 2-hydroxy-;Purac FCC 80;Purac FCC 88;Cheongin samrakhan;DL- lactic acid;FEMA Number 2611;CCRIS 2951;HSDB 800;Cheongin Haewoohwan;Cheongin Haejanghwan;SY-83;2-Hydroxypropionicacid;(+-)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid;Biolac;NSC 367919
;Lactic acid, tech grade;Chem-Cast;alpha-Hydroxypropanoic acid;AI3-03130;HIPURE 88;EINECS 200-018-0;EINECS 209-954-4;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 128929;Lactic acid,buffered;NSC-367919;UNII-3B8D35Y7S4;2-Hydroxy-2-methylacetic acid;BRN 5238667;INS NO.270;DTXSID7023192;(+/-)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid;CHEBI:78320;INS-270;2 Hydroxypropanoic Acid;3B8D35Y7S4;E 270
;MFCD00004520;LACTIC ACID (+-);.alpha.-Hydroxypropanoic acid;.alpha.-Hydroxypropionic acid;DTXCID003192;E-270;EC 200-018-0;NCGC00090972-01;2-hydroxy-propionic acid;C01432;Milchsaure [German];Lactic acid [JAN];Kyselina mlecna [Czech];Propanoic acid, hydroxy-;CAS-50-21-5;(R)-2-Hydroxy-propionic acid;H-D-Lac-OH;2 Hydroxypropionic Acid;Kyselina 2-hydroxypropanova [Czech];Lactic acid [USP:JAN];lactasol;1-Hydroxyethane 1-carboxylic acid;acido lactico;DL-Milchsaure;MFCD00064266;(2RS)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid;Lactate (TN);4b5w;Propanoic acid, (+-);DL-Lactic Acid, Racemic;LACTIC ACID (II);(.+/-.)-Lactic acid;Lactic acid (7CI,8CI);DL-Lactic Acid (90%);Lactic acid (JP17/USP);Lactic acid, 85%, FCC;Lactic Acid, Racemic, USP;NCIOpen2_000884;(+-)-LACTIC ACID;DL-LACTIC ACID [MI];LACTIC ACID [WHO-IP];(RS)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid;LACTIC ACID, DL-(II);LACTICUM ACIDUM [HPUS];1-hydroxyethane carboxylic acid;33X04XA5AT;DL-Lactic Acid (90per cent);L-(+)-Lactic acid, 98%;CHEMBL1200559;Lactic acid, natural, >=85%;BDBM23233;L-lactic acid or dl-lactic acid;Lactic Acid, 85 Percent, FCC;LACTIC ACID, DL- [II];DL-Lactic acid, ~90% (T);DL-Lactic acid, AR, >=88%;DL-Lactic acid, LR, >=88%;DL- LACTIC ACID [WHO-DD];LACTIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH);Lactic Acid, 10 Percent Solution;HY-B2227;LACTIC ACID (USP MONOGRAPH);Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy- (9CI);Tox21_111049;Tox21_202455;Tox21_303616;BBL027466;NSC367919;STL282744;AKOS000118855;AKOS17278364;Tox21_111049_1;ACIDUM LACTICUM [WHO-IP LATIN];AM87208;DB04398;SB44647;SB44652;Propanoic acid,2-hydroxy-,(.+/-.)-;2-Hydroxypropionic acid, DL-Lactic acid;NCGC00090972-02;NCGC00090972-03;NCGC00257515-01;NCGC00260004-01;849585-22-4;Lactic Acid, 85 Percent, Reagent, ACS;(R)-Lactate;(R)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid;;DB-071134;DB-347146;CS-0021601;L0226;EN300-19542;Lactic acid, meets USP testing specifications;D00111;F71201;A877374;DL-Lactic acid, SAJ first grade, 85.0-92.0%;Q161249;DL-Lactic acid, JIS special grade, 85.0-92.0%;Dl-alpha-hydroxypropionic acid;2-hydroxypropionic acid;F2191-0200;Z104474158;BC10F553-5D5D-4388-BB74-378ED4E24908;Lactic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;Lactic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material;DL-Lactic acid 90%, synthetic, meets the analytical specifications of Ph. Eur.;152-36-3

When in the dissolved state, DL-Lactic Acid forms a colorless solution.
Production includes both artificial synthesis as well as natural sources.
DL-Lactic Acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) due to the presence of a hydroxyl group adjacent to the carboxyl group.
DL-Lactic Acid is used as a synthetic intermediate in many organic synthesis industries and in various biochemical industries.
The conjugate base of DL-Lactic Acid is called lactate (or the lactate anion).
The name of the derived acyl group is lactoyl.
A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.
In solution, DL-Lactic Acid can ionize by a loss of a proton to produce the lactate ion CH3CH(OH)CO−2.
Compared to acetic acid, its pKa is 1 unit less, meaning DL-Lactic Acid is ten times more acidic than acetic acid.
This higher acidity is the consequence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the α-hydroxyl and the carboxylate group.

DL-Lactic Acid is chiral, consisting of two enantiomers.
One is known as DL-Lactic Acid, (S)-lactic acid, or (+)-lactic acid, and the other, its mirror image, is d-lactic acid, (R)-lactic acid, or (−)-lactic acid.
A mixture of the two in equal amounts is called DL-Lactic Acid, or racemic lactic acid.
Lactic acid is hygroscopic.
DL-Lactic Acid is miscible with water and with ethanol above its melting point, which is about 16 to 18 °C (61 to 64 °F).
DL-Lactic Acid and l-lactic acid have a higher melting point.
DL-Lactic Acid produced by fermentation of milk is often racemic, although certain species of bacteria produce solely d-lactic acid.
On the other hand, DL-Lactic Acid produced by anaerobic respiration in animal muscles has the enantiomer and is sometimes called "sarcolactic" acid, from the Greek sarx, meaning "flesh".

In animals, DL-Lactic Acid is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise.
DL-Lactic Acid does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal, which is governed by a number of factors, including monocarboxylate transporters, concentration and isoform of LDH, and oxidative capacity of tissues.
The concentration of blood lactate is usually 1–2 mMTooltip millimolar at rest, but can rise to over 20 mM during intense exertion and as high as 25 mM afterward.
In addition to other biological roles, DL-Lactic Acid is the primary endogenous agonist of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), which is a Gi/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).

In industry, DL-Lactic Acid fermentation is performed by lactic acid bacteria, which convert simple carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, or galactose to lactic acid.
These bacteria can also grow in the mouth; the acid they produce is responsible for the tooth decay known as cavities.
In medicine, DL-Lactic Acid is one of the main components of lactated Ringer's solution and Hartmann's solution.
These intravenous fluids consist of sodium and potassium cations along with DL-Lactic Acid and chloride anions in solution with distilled water, generally in concentrations isotonic with human blood.
DL-Lactic Acid is most commonly used for fluid resuscitation after blood loss due to trauma, surgery, or burns.

DL-Lactic Acid is the most widely occurring organic acid in nature.
Due to its chiral a-carbon atom, DL-Lactic Acid has two enantiomeric forms.
Of these, DL-Lactic Acid is more important in food and pharmaceutical industries because humans have only L-lactate dehydrogenase.
The chemical behavior of DL-Lactic Acid is mostly determined by the two functional groups.
Besides the acidic character in aqueous medium, the bifunctionality (a terminal carboxylic acid and a hydroxyl group) allows lactic acid molecules to form ‘‘interesters’’ such as the cyclic dimers, the trimers, or longer lactic acid oligomers.
After its first isolation by the Swedish chemist Scheel in 1780 from sour milk, DL-Lactic Acid has been produced commercially since the 1880s in the United States and later in Europe.
Worldwide, DL-Lactic Acid production was approximately 250,000 metric tons per year in 2012 and is expected to reach 330,000 metric tons by the year 2015, with an average price of 1.25 US$ per kilogram in 2013 (food grade, 80–85 % purity).

Approximately 85 % of the demand for DL-Lactic Acid is from the food industry.
The primary use of DL-Lactic Acid is as a pH-adjusting agent in the beverage sector and as a preservative in the food industry.
DL-Lactic Acid is included in the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a food ingredient and was deemed safe by the European Food Safety Authority as well.
The acceptable daily intake for DL-Lactic Acid was defined by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives as ‘‘not limited,’’ and DL-Lactic Acid is also supported by the Scientific Committee of Food.
In recent decades, the consumption of DL-Lactic Acid due to its novel applications has grown quite rapidly, by 19 % per year.
Nonfood use of DL-Lactic Acid for polymer production contributes to this growth.

Biodegradable polylactic acid is considered to be an environmentally friendly alternative to other plastics from petroleum.
DL-Lactic Acid is used in various fields, including drug delivery systems, medical devices, fibers, and packaging materials.
DL-Lactic Acid can be produced via chemical synthesis or carbohydrate fermentation.
The chemical route has various issues, including toxic raw materials, low conversion rates, and especially the inability to produce the optically pure isomer.
Therefore, approximately 90 % of DL-Lactic Acid worldwide is produced by biotechnological processes, namely fermentations using renewable resources, which is relatively fast, economical, and able to supply selectively one or two stereoisomers of lactic acid.

DL-Lactic Acid is a metabolic intermediate that is produced in the muscle cells during anaerobic glycolysis.
DL-Lactic Acid is used to treat cancer and has been shown to be effective against squamous cell carcinoma.
DL-lactic acid also inhibits mitochondrial membrane potential, which may be one of the mechanisms by which it causes cell death.
DL-lactic acid has been found to have antibacterial efficacy against a number of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes.
DL-lactic acid also inhibits enzyme activities that are necessary for bacterial growth such as phosphotransferase enzymes and urease.
DL-lactic acid is a metabolic intermediate that can be used to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
DL-lactic acid also inhibits transcriptional regulation in human serum.

History
Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele was the first person to isolate DL-Lactic Acid in 1780 from sour milk.
The name reflects the lact- combining form derived from the Latin word lac, meaning "milk".
In 1808, Jöns Jacob Berzelius discovered that lactic acid (actually l-lactate) also is produced in muscles during exertion.
DL-Lactic Acid's structure was established by Johannes Wislicenus in 1873.
In 1856, the role of Lactobacillus in the synthesis of DL-Lactic Acid was discovered by Louis Pasteur.
This pathway was used commercially by the German pharmacy Boehringer Ingelheim in 1895.
In 2006, global production of DL-Lactic Acid reached 275,000 tonnes with an average annual growth of 10%.

DL-Lactic Acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 18°C
Boiling point: 122 °C/15 mmHg (lit.)
Alpha: -0.05 º (c= neat 25 ºC)
Density: 1.209 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 0.62 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 19 mm of Hg (@ 20°C)
FEMA: 2611 | LACTIC ACID
Refractive index: n20/D 1.4262
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Miscible with water and with ethanol (96 per cent).
Form: syrup
pka: 3.08(at 100℃)
Color: Colorless to yellow
Specific Gravity: 1.209
PH: 3.51(1 mM solution);2.96(10 mM solution);2.44(100 mM solution);
Odor: at 100.00 %. odorless
Odor Type: odorless
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Merck: 14,5336
JECFA Number: 930
BRN: 1209341
Dielectric constant: 22.0（16℃）
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.72
CAS DataBase Reference: 50-21-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: DL-Lactic Acid (50-21-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: DL-Lactic Acid (50-21-5)

DL-Lactic Acid is odorless.
DL-Lactic Acid consists of a mixture of lactic acid (C3H6O3) and lactic acid lactate (C6H10O5).
DL-Lactic Acid is the racemic form.
DL-Lactic Acid is usually available in solutions containing 50 to 90% lactic acid.
DL-Lactic Acid, CH3CHOHCOOH, also known as 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, is a hygroscopic liquid that exists in three isometric forms.
DL-Lactic Acid is found in blood and animal tissue as a product of glucose and glycogen metabolism.
DL-Lactic Acid is obtained by fermentation of sucrose (corn refining), The racemic mixture is present in foods prepared by bacterial fermentation or prepared synthetically.
DL-Lactic Acid is soluble in water,alcohol,and ether.
DL-Lactic Acid is used as a solvent, in manufacturing confectionery, and in medicine.
DL-Lactic Acid consists of a mixture of 2-hydroxypropionic acid, its condensation products, such as lactoyllactic acid and other polylactic acids, and water.

DL-Lactic Acid is usually in the form of the racemate, (RS)-lactic acid, but in some cases the (S)-(+)-isomer is predominant.
DL-Lactic Acid is a practically odorless, colorless or slightly yellowcolored, viscous, hygroscopic, nonvolatile liquid.
A colorless or yellowish, nearly odorless, syrupy liquid consisting of a mixture of DL-Lactic Acid and lactic acid lactate (C6H10O5).
DL-Lactic Acid is obtained by the lactic fermentation of sugars or is prepared synthetically.
The commercial product is the racemic form.
DL-Lactic Acid is usually available in solutions containing the equivalent of from 50% to 90% lactic acid.
DL-Lactic Acid is hygroscopic, and when concentrated by boiling, the acid condenses to form lactic acid lactate, 2-(lactoyloxy)propanoic acid, which on dilution and heat ing hydrolyzes to lactic acid.
DL-Lactic Acid is miscible with water and with alcohol.

Uses
DL-Lactic Acid is a multi-purpose ingredient used as a preservative, exfoliant, moisturizer, and to provide acidity to a formulation.
In the body, DL-Lactic Acid is found in the blood and muscle tissue as a product of the metabolism of glucose and glycogen.
DL-Lactic Acid is also a component of the skin’s natural moisturizing factor.
DL-Lactic Acid has better water intake than glycerin.
Studies indicate an ability to increase the water-retention capacity of the stratum corneum.
They also show that the pliability of the stratum corneum layer is closely related to the absorption of DL-Lactic Acid; that is, the greater the amount of absorbed lactic acid, the more pliable the stratum corneum layer.
Researchers report that continuous use of preparations formulated with DL-Lactic Acid in concentrations ranging between 5 and 12 percent provided a mild to moderate improvement in fine wrinkling and promote softer, smoother skin.

DL-Lactic Acid's exfoliating properties can help in the process of removing excess pigment from the surface of the skin, as well as improving skin texture and feel.
DL-Lactic Acid is an alpha hydroxy acid occurring in sour milk and other lesser-known sources, such as beer, pickles, and foods made through a process of bacterial fermentation.
DL-Lactic Acid is caustic when applied to the skin in highly concentrated solutions.
DL-Lactic Acid is an acidulant that is a natural organic acid present in milk, meat, and beer, but is normally associated with milk.
DL-Lactic Acid is a syrupy liquid available as 50 and 88% aqueous solutions, and is mis- cible in water and alcohol.
DL-Lactic Acid is heat stable, nonvolatile, and has a smooth, milk acid taste.
DL-Lactic Acid functions as a flavor agent, preservative, and acidity adjuster in foods.
DL-Lactic Acid is used in spanish olives to prevent spoilage and provide flavor, in dry egg powder to improve disper- sion and whipping properties, in cheese spreads, and in salad dress- ing mixes.

Polymer precursor
Main article: polylactic acid
Two molecules of lactic acid can be dehydrated to the lactone lactide.
In the presence of catalysts lactide polymerize to either atactic or syndiotactic polylactide (PLA), which are biodegradable polyesters.
PLA is an example of a plastic that is not derived from petrochemicals.

Pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications
DL-Lactic Acid is also employed in pharmaceutical technology to produce water-soluble lactates from otherwise-insoluble active ingredients.
DL-Lactic Acid finds further use in topical preparations and cosmetics to adjust acidity and for its disinfectant and keratolytic properties.
DL-Lactic Acid containing bacteria have shown promise in reducing oxaluria with its descaling properties on calcium compounds.

Foods
Fermented food
DL-Lactic Acid is found primarily in sour milk products, such as kumis, laban, yogurt, kefir, and some cottage cheeses.
The casein in fermented milk is coagulated (curdled) by DL-Lactic Acid.
DL-Lactic Acid is also responsible for the sour flavor of sourdough bread.

In lists of nutritional information DL-Lactic Acid might be included under the term "carbohydrate" (or "carbohydrate by difference") because this often includes everything other than water, protein, fat, ash, and ethanol.
If this is the case then the calculated food energy may use the standard 4 kilocalories (17 kJ) per gram that is often used for all carbohydrates.
But in some cases DL-Lactic Acid is ignored in the calculation.
The energy density of DL-Lactic Acid is 362 kilocalories (1,510 kJ) per 100 g.

Some beers (sour beer) purposely contain DL-Lactic Acid, one such type being Belgian lambics.
Most commonly, this is produced naturally by various strains of bacteria.
These bacteria ferment sugars into acids, unlike the yeast that ferment sugar into ethanol.
After cooling the wort, yeast and bacteria are allowed to "fall" into the open fermenters.
Brewers of more common beer styles would ensure that no such bacteria are allowed to enter the fermenter.
Other sour styles of beer include Berliner weisse, Flanders red and American wild ale.

In winemaking, a bacterial process, natural or controlled, is often used to convert the naturally present malic acid to DL-Lactic Acid, to reduce the sharpness and for other flavor-related reasons.
This malolactic fermentation is undertaken by lactic acid bacteria.
While not normally found in significant quantities in fruit, lactic acid is the primary organic acid in akebia fruit, making up 2.12% of the juice.

Separately added
As a food additive DL-Lactic Acid is approved for use in the EU, United States and Australia and New Zealand; it is listed by its INS number 270 or as E number E270.
DL-Lactic Acid is used as a food preservative, curing agent, and flavoring agent.
DL-Lactic Acid is an ingredient in processed foods and is used as a decontaminant during meat processing.
DL-Lactic Acid is produced commercially by fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, or lactose, or by chemical synthesis.
Carbohydrate sources include corn, beets, and cane sugar.

Forgery
DL-Lactic Acid has historically been used to assist with the erasure of inks from official papers to be modified during forgery.

Cleaning products
DL-Lactic Acid is used in some liquid cleaners as a descaling agent for removing hard water deposits such as calcium carbonate.

Production
DL-Lactic Acid is produced industrially by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates, or by chemical synthesis from acetaldehyde.
As of 2009, DL-Lactic Acid was produced predominantly (70–90%) by fermentation.
Production of racemic lactic acid consisting of a 1:1 mixture of d and l stereoisomers, or of mixtures with up to 99.9% l-lactic acid, is possible by microbial fermentation.
Industrial scale production of DL-Lactic Acid by fermentation is possible, but much more challenging.

Fermentative production
Fermented milk products are obtained industrially by fermentation of milk or whey by Lactobacillus bacteria: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus casei (Lactobacillus casei), Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (Lactobacillus bulgaricus), Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus lactis , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus (Streptococcus thermophilus).

As a starting material for industrial production of DL-Lactic Acid, almost any carbohydrate source containing C5 (Pentose sugar) and C6 (Hexose sugar) can be used.
Pure sucrose, glucose from starch, raw sugar, and beet juice are frequently used.
DL-Lactic Acid producing bacteria can be divided in two classes: homofermentative bacteria like Lactobacillus casei and Lactococcus lactis, producing two moles of lactate from one mole of glucose, and heterofermentative species producing one mole of lactate from one mole of glucose as well as carbon dioxide and acetic acid/ethanol.

Chemical production
DL-Lactic Acid is synthesized industrially by reacting acetaldehyde with hydrogen cyanide and hydrolysing the resultant lactonitrile.
When hydrolysis is performed by hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride forms as a by-product; the Japanese company Musashino is one of the last big manufacturers of DL-Lactic Acid by this route.
Synthesis of both racemic and enantiopure DL-Lactic Acid is also possible from other starting materials (vinyl acetate, glycerol, etc.) by application of catalytic procedures.

Production Methods
DL-Lactic Acid is prepared by the fermentation of carbohydrates, such as glucose, sucrose, and lactose, with Bacillus acidi lacti or related microorganisms.
On a commercial scale, whey, corn starch, potatoes, or molasses are used as a source of carbohydrate.
DL-Lactic Acid may also be prepared synthetically by the reaction between acetaldehyde and carbon monoxide at 130–200°C under high pressure, or by the hydrolysis of hexoses with sodium hydroxide.
DL-Lactic Acid prepared by the fermentation of sugars is levorotatory; lactic acid prepared synthetically is racemic.
However, DL-Lactic Acid prepared by fermentation becomes dextrorotatory on dilution with water owing to the hydrolysis of (R)-lactic acid lactate to (S)- lactic acid.

Biochem/physiol Actions
In animals, DL-Lactic Acid is a metabolic compound produced by proliferating cells and during anaerobic conditions such as strenuous exercise.
DL-Lactic Acid can be oxidized back to pyruvate or converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis.
DL-Lactic Acid is preferentially metabolized by neurons in several mammal species and during early brain development.

CAS #: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
Moelcular Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Molar Mass: 134.09 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid


DESCRIPTION:
DL-Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5.
DL-Malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive.

DL-Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally.
The salts and esters of DL-Malic acid are known as malates.
The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
DL-Malic acid is an organic acid that plays a role in the citric acid cycle.
DL-Malic acid is also used as an antimicrobial agent, and has been shown to be effective against fungi and bacteria.

DL-Malic acid binds to the active site of complex enzymes involved in energy metabolism and has been shown to inhibit transcriptional regulation of numerous genes.
DL-Malic acid has also shown to have a positive effect on metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia.

DL-Malic acid may be synthesized with sodium salts or sodium citrate, depending on the desired end product.
DL-Malic acid can also be produced by laser ablation of malonic acid or by enzymatic oxidation of tartaric acid, which is a natural source of this chemical.
DL-Malic acid is used as a food additive.
DL-Malic acid is a component of some artificial vinegar flavors.
Further, DL-Malic acid is used in the preparation of chiral compounds, including κ-opioid rece.
DL-Malic acid is utilized for chiral resolution by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis.


CAS #: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
Moelcular Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Molar Mass: 134.09 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid

Etymology:
The word 'malic' is derived from Latin 'mālum', meaning 'apple'.
The related Latin word mālus, meaning 'apple tree', is used as the name of the genus Malus, which includes all apples and crabapples; and the origin of other taxonomic classifications such as Maloideae, Malinae, and Maleae.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION ABOUT DL-MALIC ACID:
Density: 1.6 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 203 °C
Ignition temperature: 349 °C
Melting Point: 131 - 133 °C
pH value: 2.3 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 800 kg/m3
Solubility: 558 g/l
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 99.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 128 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 132 °C
Chemical formula C4H6O5
Molar mass 134.09 g/mol
Appearance Colorless
Acidity (pKa):
pKa1 = 3.40
pKa2 = 5.20
Arsenic (As) : <0.0003%
Lead (Pb) : <0.0002%
Copper (Cu) : <0.001%
Mercury (Hg) : <0.0001%
Zinc (Zn) : <0.001%
Sulfated Ash : <0.1%
Water : <2.0%
Heavy Metals : <0.002% Molecular Weight: 134.09
XLogP3: -1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 134.02152329
Monoisotopic Mass: 134.02152329
Topological Polar Surface Area: 94.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 129
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



CAS #: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
Moelcular Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Molar Mass: 134.09 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid

BIOCHEMISTRY OF DL-MALIC ACID:
DL-Malic acid is the naturally occurring form, whereas a mixture of L- and D-malic acid is produced synthetically.

Malate plays an important role in biochemistry. In the C4 carbon fixation process, malate is a source of CO2 in the Calvin cycle.
In the citric acid cycle, (S)-malate is an intermediate, formed by the addition of an -OH group on the si face of fumarate.
It can also be formed from pyruvate via anaplerotic reactions.


Malate is also synthesized by the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate in the guard cells of plant leaves.
Malate, as a double anion, often accompanies potassium cations during the uptake of solutes into the guard cells in order to maintain electrical balance in the cell.
The accumulation of these solutes within the guard cell decreases the solute potential, allowing water to enter the cell and promote aperture of the stomata.



DL-MALIC ACID IN FOOD:
DL-Malic acid was first isolated from apple juice by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1785.
Antoine Lavoisier in 1787 proposed the name acide malique, which is derived from the Latin word for apple, mālum—as is its genus name Malus.
In German it is named Äpfelsäure (or Apfelsäure) after plural or singular of a sour thing from the apple fruit, but the salt(s) are called Malat(e).

Malic acid is the main acid in many fruits, including apricots, blackberries, blueberries, cherries, grapes, mirabelles, peaches, pears, plums, and quince and is present in lower concentrations in other fruits, such as citrus.
DL-Malic acid contributes to the sourness of unripe apples.

Sour apples contain high proportions of the acid.
DL-Malic acid is present in grapes and in most wines with concentrations sometimes as high as 5 g/L.
DL-Malic acid confers a tart taste to wine; the amount decreases with increasing fruit ripeness.
The taste of malic acid is very clear and pure in rhubarb, a plant for which it is the primary flavor.

DL-Malic acid is also the compound responsible for the tart flavor of sumac spice.
DL-Malic acid is also a component of some artificial vinegar flavors, such as "salt and vinegar" flavored potato chips.

In citrus, fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of malic acid than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.
The process of malolactic fermentation converts malic acid to much milder lactic acid.
Malic acid occurs naturally in all fruits and many vegetables, and is generated in fruit metabolism.

Malic acid, when added to food products, is denoted by E number E296.
DL-Malic acid is sometimes used with or in place of the less sour citric acid in sour sweets.
These sweets are sometimes labeled with a warning stating that excessive consumption can cause irritation of the mouth.
DL-Malic acid is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, US and Australia and New Zealand (where it is listed by its INS number 296).

Malic acid contains 10 kJ (2.39 kilocalories) of energy per gram.

PRODUCTION AND MAIN REACTIONS OF DL-MALIC ACID:
Racemic malic acid is produced industrially by the double hydration of maleic anhydride.
In 2000, American production capacity was 5,000 tons per year.
The enantiomers may be separated by chiral resolution of the racemic mixture.
S-Malic acid is obtained by fermentation of fumaric acid.

Malic acid was important in the discovery of the Walden inversion and the Walden cycle, in which (−)-malic acid first is converted into (+)-chlorosuccinic acid by action of phosphorus pentachloride.
Wet silver oxide then converts the chlorine compound to (+)-malic acid, which then reacts with PCl5 to the (−)-chlorosuccinic acid.
The cycle is completed when silver oxide takes this compound back to (−)-malic acid.

USES OF DL- MALIC ACID:
l-malic acid is used to resolve α-phenylethylamine, a versatile resolving agent in its own right.

Plant defense:
Soil supplementation with molasses increases microbial synthesis of MA.
This is thought to occur naturally as part of soil microbe suppression of disease, so soil amendment with molasses can be used as a crop treatment in horticulture.

DL-Malic acid is used as a food additive.
DL-Malic acid is a component of some artificial vinegar flavors.
Further, DL-Malic acid is used in the preparation of chiral compounds, including κ-opioid rece.
DL-Malic acid is utilized for chiral resolution by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis.

CAS #: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
Moelcular Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Molar Mass: 134.09 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DL- MALIC ACID:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.





CAS #: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
Moelcular Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Molar Mass: 134.09 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid






SYNONYMS OF DL- MALIC ACID:

2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Malic acid
(+/-)-Malic acid
2-hydroxysuccinic acid
malate
hydroxysuccinic acid
butanedioic acid
hydroxy
kyselina jablecna
pomalus acid
hydroxybutanedioic acid
deoxytetraric acid

MeSH Entry Terms:
calcium (hydroxy-1-malate) hexahydrate
malate
malic acid
malic acid, (R)-isomer
malic acid, calcium salt, (1:1), (S)-isomer
malic acid, disodium salt
malic acid, disodium salt, (R)-isomer
malic acid, disodium salt, (S)-isomer
malic acid, magnesium salt (2:1)
malic acid, monopotassium salt, (+-)-isomer
malic acid, potassium salt, (R)-isomer
malic acid, sodium salt, (+-)-isomer

Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
malic acid
DL-malic acid
6915-15-7
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
617-48-1
malate
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-
hydroxysuccinic acid
Malic acid, DL-
Kyselina jablecna
hydroxybutanedioic acid
Pomalus acid
Deoxytetraric acid
dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Hydroxybutandisaeure
alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Musashi-no-Ringosan
Caswell No. 537
DL-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
FDA 2018
Monohydroxybernsteinsaeure
Succinic acid, hydroxy-
R,S(+-)-Malic acid
Kyselina jablecna [Czech]
Malic acid [NF]
FEMA No. 2655
2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Pomalous acid
Kyselina hydroxybutandiova [Czech]
d,l-malic acid
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051101
AI3-06292
(+/-)-Malic acid
Malic acid, L-
NSC-25941
E296
BUTANEDIOIC ACID, HYDROXY-, (S)-
MLS000084707
817L1N4CKP
CHEBI:6650
INS NO.296
(+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid
INS NO. 296
INS-296
NSC25941
Malic acid (NF)
SMR000019054
DL-Apple Acid
E-296
DSSTox_CID_7640
(R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
DSSTox_RID_78538
DSSTox_GSID_27640
(+-)-Malic acid
R-Malic acid
Malicum acidum
FEMA Number 2655
Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-
CAS-6915-15-7
CCRIS 2950
CCRIS 6567
L-(-)-MalicAcid
HSDB 1202
DL-hydroxysuccinic acid
Kyselina hydroxybutandiova
EINECS 210-514-9
EINECS 230-022-8
NSC 25941
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (-)-
(+-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
UNII-817L1N4CKP
Aepfelsaeure
NSC 9232
MFCD00004245
MFCD00064213
(+/-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (+-)-
H2mal
Racemic malic acid
MFCD00064212
.+-.-Malic acid
143435-96-5
Opera_ID_805
2-hydroxyl-succinic acid
DL-Malic acid, 99%
MALIC ACID [II]
MALIC ACID [MI]
MALIC ACID,(DL)
2-Hydroxydicarboxylic acid
MALIC ACID [FCC]
SCHEMBL856
2-hydroxy-butanedioic acid
bmse000046
bmse000904
MALIC ACID [INCI]
EC 210-514-9
EC 230-022-8
MALIC ACID [VANDF]
Malic acid-, (L-form)-
DL-Malic acid, >=99%
HYOSCYAMINEHYDROBROMIDE
Oprea1_130558
Oprea1_624131
MALIC ACID [USP-RS]
MALIC ACID [WHO-DD]
butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-
DL-Malic acid-2-[13C]
DL-HYDROXYSUCOINIC ACID
Butanedioic acid, (.+-.)-
DL(+/-)-MALIC ACID
GTPL2480
2-HYDROXY-SUCCINIC ACID
DL-HYROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
CHEMBL1455497
DTXSID0027640
BDBM92495
MALIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
MALIC ACID [USP IMPURITY]
DL-Malic acid, FCC, >=99%
HMS2358H06
HMS3371C13
DL-Malic acid, analytical standard
HY-Y1311
STR03457
(+/-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
Tox21_201536
Tox21_300372
s9001
STL283959
HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID [HSDB]
AKOS000120085
AKOS017278471
(+/-)-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
AM81418
CCG-266122
DB12751
DL-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00043225-02
NCGC00043225-03
NCGC00254259-01
NCGC00259086-01
DL-Malic acid, >=98% (capillary GC)
HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID, (+/-)-
SY003313
SY009804
DL-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
DB-016133
DL-Malic acid 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
DL-Malic acid, USP, 99.0-100.5%
CS-0017784
E 296
EU-0067046
FT-0605225
FT-0625484
FT-0625485
FT-0625539
FT-0632189
M0020
DL-Malic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
EN300-19229
A19426
C00711
C03668
D04843
DL-Malic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
DL-Malic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
M-0825
AB00443952-12
Malic acid, meets USP/NF testing specifications
4-ethoxyphenyltrans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate
L023999
Q190143
Q-201028
0C9A2DC0-FEA2-4864-B98B-0597CDD0AD06
F0918-0088
Z104473230
Malic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
MALIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF CRANBERRY LIQUID PREPARATION) [DSC]
Malic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
DL-Malic acid, meets analytical specification of FCC, E296, 99-100.5% (alkalimetric)

DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a white crystalline powder used in various laboratory applications, including organic synthesis and research.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5.


CAS Number: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
MDL number: MFCD00064212
Linear Formula: HO2CCH2CH(OH)CO2H
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a white crystalline powder.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an organic acid with the ability to form complexes with minerals.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is the most typical acid occurring in fruits, contributing to the sour taste.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is slight sour taste.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is soluble in water.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is obtained as a white, or nearly white, crystalline powder or granules having a slight odour and a strongly acidic taste.
The product is DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) in accordance with the standard of the Food Additive Specifications Compendium.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is almost odorless but does have a very slight peculiar odor and a peculiar acid taste.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a white crystalline powder used in various laboratory applications, including organic synthesis and research.
Aside from adding tartness to foods and beverages, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has been researched for a variety of health uses.
Malate, the ionized form of DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7), plays a small role in the Krebs Cycle, the primary way our bodies generate energy.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is the racemate of the metabolic intermediate L-malic acid.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) reduces CCL2 and ICAM expression induced by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in HaCaT human keratinocytes when used at a concentration of 1 mM.


Topical administration of DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) (10 mM) inhibits epidermis and dermis thickening, as well as mast cell and eosinophil dermal infiltration in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNBC).
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has a role as a food acidity regulator and a fundamental metabolite.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid and a C4-dicarboxylic acid.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is functionally related to a succinic acid.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a conjugate acid of a malate(2-) and a malate.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an alpha hydroxy acid.
Don't confuse DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) with other alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs).
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is soluble in acetone, ether, water, methanol and ethanol.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an organic compound.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is not to be confused with Maleic Acid or Malonic Acid.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) for Synthesis 6915-15-7 is a high-quality chemical reagent used in various laboratory applications, including organic synthesis and research.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an organic acid with the ability to form complexes with metals, DL-Hydroxybutanedioic Acid.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7), CAS# 617-48-1, is a isomer of L-Malic Acid manufactured through chemical synthesis, available as White crystals or crystalline powder.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is widely used as acidity regulator.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is affirmed by US FDA as GRAS(generally recognized as safe) and widely accepted as safe food additive in many countries with E number E296.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents and alkali metals.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a dicarboxylic acid widely used as acidity regulator in food and beverage.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone and many other polar solvents.


Malic acid, also known as 2 - hydroxy succinic acid, has two stereoisomers due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom in the molecule.
There are three forms in nature, namely D malic acid, L malic acid and its mixture DL malic acid.
White crystalline or crystalline powder with strong moisture absorption, easily soluble in water and ethanol.


Have a special pleasant sour taste.
Malic acid is mainly used in food and medicine industry.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6O5, which has two structures known as enantiomers.


L-malic acid occurs naturally in all organisms, while D-malic acid must be synthesized in the laboratory.
A mixture of D-malic acid and L-malic acid is called a racemic mixture, which is commonly known as DL-malic acid.
The Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele first isolated malic acid from apple juice in 1785. Its name comes from “malum,” which is the Latin word for apple.


Malic acid is a major contributor to the sourness in apples, although its concentration decreases as the apple ripens.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is often formed in organisms as an intermediate product of metabolic reactions involving pyruvate.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) also has many esters and salts known as malates that play critical biological roles.


Malates are a source of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle, and they are also an intermediate product in the citric acid cycle.
Malic Acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), although only the L-isomer exists naturally.
The salts and esters of Malic Acid are known as malates.


The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
Malic acid has a clean, smooth taste and persistent sourness, allowing it to be blended with multiple food acids, sugars, high intensity sweeteners and flavours to create unique taste experiences.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used for biochemistry.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Xerostomia, Depression, and Hypertension.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an alpha hydroxy acid found in certain fruits and wines.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7)'s used in foods and cosmetics, and sometimes as medicine.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is sour and acidic.
This helps to clear away dead skin cells when applied to the skin.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7)'s source also helps to make more saliva in people with dry mouth.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also involved in the Krebs cycle.
This is a process the body uses to make energy.


People commonly use DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) for dry mouth.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also used for acne, fibromyalgia, fatigue, wrinkled skin, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used for the acidification of musts and wines in the conditions set by the regulation.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used as a food additive.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a component of some artificial vinegar flavors.


Further, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used in the preparation of chiral compounds, including κ-opioid residue.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is utilized for chiral resolution by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an alpha-hydroxy acid found in certain fruits and wines.


Some people take DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) supplements to treat fatigue and dry mouth.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also used to make some medicines, add flavor to food, and serve as a natural exfoliating ingredient in many products used to improve skin tone.


Crystallization grade DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used for formulating screens or for optimization.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used for general analytical applications: quantitative or qualitative work
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used in a wide variety of analytical techniques.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also the primary flavor in rhubarb and is used to flavor “salt and vinegar” potato chips.
The uses of DL-malic acid generally relate to the role of malic acid in the production of chemical energy for both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These uses include the management of discomfort, energy production, oral hygiene and general detoxification.


Oral hygiene support: DL-malic acid may have antiseptic properties that make it useful for maintaining oral hygiene.
Energy support: DL-malic acid may help to maintain normal energy levels, especially for chronic conditions characterized by fatigue.
Detoxification: DL-malic acid can bind metal ions such as aluminum and lead.


This effect can help to support general health, especially for the brain and liver.
Discomfort management: DL-malic acid may help to manage muscular discomfort due to chronic conditions.
This use is most applicable for conditions characterized by low oxygen levels.


D-malic acid is primarily used in health supplements, typically in the form of DL-malic acid.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is the synthesized form and is commonly used in beverages, confectionery, and personal care.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used as an acidulant, an antioxidant flavouring agent, a buffering agent, and a chelating agent.


In pharmaceutical formulations, the substance is used as a general-purpose acidulant.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also used as an alternative to citric acid in effervescent powders, mouthwashes, and tooth- cleaning tablets.
In addition, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has chelating and antioxidant properties and may be used as a synergist, with butylated hydroxytoluene, to retard oxidation in vegetable oils.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is known as “best food acidity regulator” in biological and nutritional fields.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is widely used in foods such as wines, beverages, fruit juices and
chewing gums.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is not only the third food acidity regulator coming after citric acid and lactic acid, but also one of the biggest and most promising organic acids in food industry across the current world.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) can be added in cool drinks, powder drinks, lactic acid drinks, milk drinks and fruit juice drinks to improve their tastes and flavors.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is capable of gelatinating pectin and therefore can be used for making fruitcakes, jelly fruit juice, puree, etc.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) contains natural skin moisturizing elements.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used as color-keeper and antiseptic of juice.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a white crystals or crystalline powder, fairly hygroscopic, dissolving easily in water and alcohol.
This enables DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) to dissolve “sticky matters” between dry scale- like dead cells easily, so as to smooth wrinkles on skin and make the skin tender, white, bright, clean and elastic.


For this reason, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is very popular for its use in cosmetic formulae
DL-Malic Acid is used as acidulant, color retention agent, preservative and emulsion stabilizer in food industry, etc.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is commonly used as an acidulant, flavor enhancer, and pH regulator.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used for research purposes only, not for human consumption.
Key applications of DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7): Buffer agent, Flavouring agent, Wine production, pH control, Acidifying agent, Personal care, and Anti-ageing products


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is white crystal or crystalline powder with high water absorbability and easily soluble in water and ethanol.
DL-Malic acid can be used as an acidulant in cool drinks (including lactobacillus drinks, milk drinks, carbonated drinks, cola), frozen foods (including sherbet and ice cream),processed foods (including wine and mayonnaise).


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also used as emulsion stabilizer of egg yolk.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) also can be used as intermediate, cosmetic,rinse, metal cleaner, buffering agent, retarder in textile industry, fluorescent whitening agent of polyester fibre.


As a acidulants, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) can be used in a wide variety of industries including: food production, beverage, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agriculture/animal feed, and various other industries.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is widely used as acidity regulator.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is commonly used as an acidulant, flavor enhancer, and pH regulator in the food and beverage industry.


Formulations containing DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) have been used as food and cosmetic preservatives and acidity regulators.
Food industry, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used as acidulants, color retention agents, preservatives and emulsion stabilizers such as egg yolk, also used in pharmaceutical.


-Organic synthesis:
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is often used as a starting material or intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other fine chemicals.

Its versatile nature and reactivity make DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) a valuable compound in organic chemistry.
As a acidulants, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) can be used in a wide variety of industries including: food production, beverage, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agriculture/animal feed, and various other industries.


-Food and beverage industry:
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is commonly used as an acidulant, flavor enhancer, and pH regulator in the food and beverage industry.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) provides a pleasant tart taste and helps preserve the freshness of many products, including fruit juices, carbonated beverages, and confectionery items.



SKINCARE USES OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an alpha hydroxy acid, which is said to be a natural exfoliator.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) may be used to smooth wrinkles and fine lines, improve skin texture, cleanse pores, and improve overall skin.
Because of this, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has been used in various skincare products.

A small study published in 2013 found DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) to be beneficial in the treatment of melasma, a common disorder marked by patches of abnormally dark skin.
For the study, researchers assigned people with melasma to a skin-care regimen that included DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7), along with vitamin C.

At the end of the study, researchers concluded that using DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) as a regular part of a skincare regimen could help improve the appearance of melasma.
It should be pointed out that this study used a combination of DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) and vitamin C.

This means that even though the researchers concluded that DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) was a beneficial component of the study, there is no way to know if the results were because of the DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) alone, the vitamin C alone, or a combination of both.



INDUSTRIES OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
*Beauty & Personal Care
*Food & Nutrition



FUNCTIONAL CLASS OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
Flavouring Agent
FLAVOURING_AGENTFood Additives
ACIDITY_REGULATOR



FUNCTIONS OF APPLICATIONS OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
(1) In food industry:
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) can be used in the processing and concoction of beverage, liqueur, fruit juice and the manufacture of candy and jam etc.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) also has effects of bacteria inhibition and antisepsis and can remove tartrate during wine brewing.

(2) In tobacco industry:
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) derivative (such as esters) can improve the aroma of tobacco.

(3)In pharmaceutical industry:
The troches and syrup compounded with DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) have fruit taste and can facilitate their absorption and diffusion in the body.



RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic Acid is extensively used in scientific research and development for its unique properties.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is often employed as a standard in analytical techniques, such as chromatography, to calibrate and validate analytical instruments.



PRECAUTIONS AND HANDLING OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) for Synthesis is intended for laboratory use only.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is not suitable for human consumption and should be handled with care.
When working with DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7), it is important to observe good laboratory practices, including wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles.



STORAGE OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.
When stored properly, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has a long shelf life and can be used for an extended period of time.



PACKAGING OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) for Synthesis is available in various packaging options to suit different needs.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is commonly supplied in tightly sealed containers, such as glass bottles or plastic bags, to ensure its quality and integrity during transportation and storage.



FUNCTIONS OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
1.Pain release and reduce the feeling of tiredness or fibromyalgia.
This make it useful in medicine or some health product making.
2.Energy improvement.
3.Food Additive: In foods, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used as a flavoring additive to give food a tart taste.
4. Skin care or protection: DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also a common additive to skin care products.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has been used in skin products for its exfoliating ability.



PURITY OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
The DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) for Synthesis is guaranteed to have a minimum purity of 98%.
This high level of purity ensures accurate and reliable results in scientific experiments and research.



PROPERTIES OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
1. Compared with citric acid, malic acid has higher acidity (20 percent higher)
2. DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has lower quantity of heat, softer taste, higher buffering factor and more lasting time
3. DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) contains natural skin moisturizing elements



CHEMICAL FORMULA AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has a chemical formula of C4H6O5 and a molecular weight of 134.09 g/mol.



SIGNS YOU MAY NEED DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
Chronic conditions characterized by discomfort and fatigue are some of the most common indications that you may need DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7), especially fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.

DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) may also help with other conditions that cause discomfort in the muscles, tendons and ligaments.
The presence of metal-based toxins is another condition that may mean you need DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7).
You may also benefit from DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) if you have infections in the mouth due to low saliva production.


SOLUBILITY OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is highly soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone.
This makes DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) easy to incorporate into various solvents and solutions, allowing for versatile use in the laboratory.



KIDNEY STONES, DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
Kidney stones are painful and can affect many people.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has been researched for its potential role in preventing and treating kidney stones.

In one preliminary study set in a lab, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) was found to increase urine pH levels, making kidney stone formation less likely.
The researchers concluded that DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) supplementation might help treat calcium kidney stones.

A 2016 review on the importance of a healthy diet to prevent kidney stones suggested pears could be a potential treatment option.
Per the review, the DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) in pears may be used to prevent the formation of kidney stones.
This is because DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a precursor for citrate, a compound that inhibits crystal growth in the kidneys.



FIBROMYALGIA, DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
A pilot study from 1995 found that taking DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) in combination with magnesium helped alleviate pain and tenderness in people with fibromyalgia.

In the small study, researchers assigned 24 people with fibromyalgia to treatment with either a placebo or a combination of DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) and magnesium.
After six months, those treated with the DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7)/magnesium combination showed a significant improvement in pain and tenderness.

However, because a combination of magnesium and DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) was used in the study, we do not know which was responsible for the positive results.
There remains a lack of more recent research on DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7)'s effectiveness as a fibromyalgia treatment.



DRY MOUTH, DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
The use of a 1% oral DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) spray has been explored as a treatment for dry mouth.
One study evaluated people with dry mouth caused by antidepressants.
Participants were randomized to receive either a 1% DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) spray or a placebo.

After two weeks of using the sprays as needed, those using the DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) spray had improved dry mouth symptoms and increased rates of saliva flow.
Similar results were seen in a different study looking at DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) for dry mouth caused by blood pressure medications.
At the end of this two-week study, participants who used the 1% DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) spray had less dry mouth and more saliva compared with the placebo group.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
CAS Number: 6915-15-7
Molecular Weight: 134.09
FEMA Number: 2655
Beilstein: 1723539
EC Number: 230-022-8
MDL number: MFCD00064212
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: characteristic
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 131 - 133 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 203 °C
Autoignition temperature: 340 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 646,6 g/l at 20 °C - completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,6 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
CAS number: 6915-15-7
EC number: 230-022-8
Hill Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Molar Mass: 134.09 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 19 98
Density: 1.6 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 203 °C

Ignition temperature: 349 °C
Melting Point: 131 - 133 °C
pH value: 2.3 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 800 kg/m3
Solubility: 558 g/l
Molecular Weight: 134.09 g/mol
XLogP3: -1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 134.02152329 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 134.02152329 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 94.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 129
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C4H6O5 = 134.09
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
CAS RN: 6915-15-7
Reaxys Registry Number: 1723539
PubChem Substance ID: 87572138
Merck Index (14): 5707
MDL Number: MFCD00064212
CAS: 6915-15-7
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 134.087
MDL Number: MFCD00064212
InChI Key: BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 525
ChEB: CHEBI:6650
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
SMILES: C(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O

Melting Point: 128.0°C to 132.0°C
Assay Percent Range: 99+%
Linear Formula: HO2CCH2CH(OH)CO2H
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 558g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: 82.70 g/100 g methanol-17.75 g/100 g
acetone (20°C, 45.53 g/100 g ethanol-20.70 g/ 100 g)
dioxane (20°C, 0.84 g/100 g diethyl ether (20°C),
practically insoluble in benzene
Formula Weight: 134.09
Percent Purity: 99+%
Flash Point: 203°C
Chemical Name or Material: DL-Malic acid
CAS: 617-48-1
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5
Molecular Weight: 134.09
Storage Details: Ambient
Harmonised Tariff Code: 29181998 EXP 2918199890 IMP
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5
Molecular Weight: 134.08864
InChI: InChI=1/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/p-2/t2-/m1/s1

CAS Registry Number: 617-48-1;6915-15-7
EINECS: 210-514-9
Melting point: 130-132℃
Boiling point: 306.4°C at 760 mmHg
Flash point: 153.4°C
Water solubility: 558 g/L (20℃)
Vapour Pressur: 7.19E-05mmHg at 25°C
CAS Number: 6915-15-7
Synonyms: DL-Malic acid, DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid, Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Chemical formula: C4H6O5
Molecular weight: 134.09 g/mol
Purity: ≥ 98%
Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5
Molar Mass: 134.09
Density: 1,609 g/cm3
Melting Point: 131-133°C(lit.)
Boling Point: 150℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Specific Rotation(α): [α]D20 -0.5～+0.5° (c=5, H2O)
Flash Point: 203°C

Water Solubility: 500g/L at 25℃
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol, slightly soluble in ether, insoluble in benzene.
Vapor Presure: Vapor Density: 4.6 (vs air)
Appearance: White crystal or crystalline powder
Color: White to Off-White
pKa: pK1:3.458;pK2:5.097 (25°C)
Storage Condition: Refrigerator
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, amines, alkali metals, carbonates.
Sensitive: Sensitive to light
MDL: MFCD00064212
MDL：MFCD00064212
InChIKey：BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Inchi：1S/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)
SMILES：O([H])C([H])(C(=O)O[H])C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H]
BRN：1723539
Exact Mass: 134.02200
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5

Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Monoisotopic Mass: 134.02152329 g/mol
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Complexity: 129
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count : 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
XLogP3: -1.3
Tautomer Count: nothing
Surface Charge: 0
Topological Polar Surface Area: 94.8
Molecular Weight: 134.09
LogP: -1.09340
PSA: 94.83000

Merck: 5707
Refractive Index: 1.3920 (estimate)
Water Partition Coefficient: 558G/L(20ºC)
Boiling Point: 306.4°C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 131-133 °C (lit.)
Vapor Pressure: Flash Point: 203ºC
Solubility: methanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
Color/Form: Powder
PH: 2.3 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Solubility: It is easily soluble in water and ethanol, but poorly soluble in ether and benzene.
It is easy to deliquesce, and the pH value of 1% aqueous solution is 2.34.
Sensitiveness: Sensitive to light
pka: 3.4(at 25℃)
Optical Activity: [α]/D −0.10 to +0.10°
Density: 1.609
Odor: Characteristic



FIRST AID MEASURES of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
DL-MALIC ACID
2-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
2-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
(±)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
DL-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid
DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid
malic acid
DL-malic acid
6915-15-7
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
617-48-1
malate
hydroxysuccinic acid
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-
Kyselina jablecna
hydroxybutanedioic acid
Pomalus acid
Malic acid, DL-
Deoxytetraric acid
Hydroxybutandisaeure
Musashi-no-Ringosan
Caswell No. 537
Monohydroxybernsteinsaeure
FDA 2018
R,S(+-)-Malic acid
alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Malicum acidum
Pomalous acid
DL-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
Succinic acid, hydroxy-
FEMA Number 2655
2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Malic acid [NF]
Aepfelsaeure
FEMA No. 2655
CCRIS 2950
CCRIS 6567
(+/-)-Malic acid
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051101
HSDB 1202
d,l-malic acid
AI3-06292
H2mal
EINECS 210-514-9
EINECS 230-022-8
UNII-817L1N4CKP
NSC 25941
NSC-25941
Apple acid
817L1N4CKP
CHEBI:6650
INS NO.296
DTXSID0027640
E296
INS NO. 296
INS-296
Malic acid, L-
L-Malic acid-1-13C
BUTANEDIOIC ACID, HYDROXY-, (S)-
MLS000084707
DTXCID107640
E-296
(+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid
dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
EC 210-514-9
EC 230-022-8
NSC25941
Malic acid (NF)
DL-MALIC-2,3,3-D3 ACID
SMR000019054
DL-Apple Acid
HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID, (+/-)-
MALIC ACID (II)
MALIC ACID [II]
(R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
MALIC ACID (USP-RS)
MALIC ACID [USP-RS]
(+-)-Malic acid
R-Malic acid
MALIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH)
MALIC ACID (USP IMPURITY)
MALIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
MALIC ACID [USP IMPURITY]
Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-
CAS-6915-15-7
L-(-)-MalicAcid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (-)-
(+-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
NSC 9232
MFCD00064213
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (+-)-
Racemic malic acid
180991-05-3
(+/-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
MFCD00064212
Malic Acid1524
.+-.-Malic acid
Opera_ID_805
2-hydroxyl-succinic acid
DL-Malic acid, 99%
MALIC ACID [MI]
MALIC ACID,(DL)
2-Hydroxydicarboxylic acid
MALIC ACID [FCC]
SCHEMBL856
2-hydroxy-butanedioic acid
bmse000046
bmse000904
MALIC ACID [INCI]
MALIC ACID [VANDF]
Malic acid-, (L-form)-
DL-Malic acid, >=99%
HYOSCYAMINEHYDROBROMIDE
Oprea1_130558
Oprea1_624131
MALIC ACID [WHO-DD]
butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-
Butanedioic acid, (.+-.)-
GTPL2480
2-HYDROXY-SUCCINIC ACID
CHEMBL1455497
BDBM92495
DL-Malic acid, FCC, >=99%
HMS2358H06
HMS3371C13
DL-Malic acid, analytical standard
HY-Y1311
STR03457
Tox21_201536
Tox21_300372
s9001
HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID [HSDB]
AKOS000120085
AKOS017278471
AM81418
CCG-266122
DB12751
DL-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00043225-02
NCGC00043225-03
NCGC00254259-01
NCGC00259086-01
DL-Malic acid, >=98% (capillary GC)
SY003313
SY009804
DL-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
DL-Malic acid 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
DL-Malic acid, USP, 99.0-100.5%
CS-0017784
E 296
EU-0067046
FT-0605225
FT-0625484
FT-0625485
FT-0625539
FT-0632189
M0020
DL-Malic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
EN300-19229
A19426
C00711
C03668
D04843
DL-Malic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
M-0825
AB00443952-12
Malic acid, meets USP/NF testing specifications
4-ethoxyphenyltrans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate
L023999
Q190143
Q-201028
0C9A2DC0-FEA2-4864-B98B-0597CDD0AD06
F0918-0088
Z104473230
MALIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF CRANBERRY LIQUID PREPARATION)
Malic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
MALIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF CRANBERRY LIQUID PREPARATION) [DSC]
Malic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
DL-Malic acid, meets analytical specification of FCC, E296, 99-100.5% (alkalimetric)
(±)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid or DL-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
HO2CCH2CH(OH)CO2H
(+/-)-2-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
DL-APPLE ACID
DL-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
DL-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
DL-HYDROXYSUCOINIC ACID
DL-HYROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
DL-MALATE
DL(+/-)-MALIC ACID
DL-MALIC ACID
(+/-)-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
(+/-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
(+/-)-MALIC ACID
MALIC ACID
MALIC ACID, DL-
alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid
alpha-hydroxysuccinicacid
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-
commonmalicacid
Deoxytetraric acid
deoxytetraricacid
DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Malicacidpfelsure
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
(2R)-2-hydroxybutanedioate
Malic acid
Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-
Malic acid
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
α-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Hydroxysuccinic acid
2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Pomalus Acid
Deoxytetraric acid
2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Musashi-no-Ringosan
Hydroxybutanedioic acid
dl-Malic acid
FDA 2018
(±)-Malic acid
DL-Malic acid
R,S(±)-Malic acid
E 296
NSC 25941
Nanoveson M
Xeros
Monohydroxybutanedioic acid
Purac Powder MA
Purac MA
Fuso M
DN 1992
MeSH ID: D008293
C00711
Malic acid
DL-Malic acid
MALIC ACID, DL-
Malicacidpfelsure
Musashi-no-Ringosan
DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
(2R)-2-hydroxybutanedioate

DL-Tartaric acid is used as a synergist for antioxidants, emulsifier, sequestrant and flavoring agent.
It is also added with citric acid to prepare effervescent salts, thereby enhancing the taste of oral medications.
It is also utilized in pigments, processing aids, ink, toner and colorant products.

CAS: 133-37-9
MF: C4H6O6
MW: 150.09
EINECS: 205-105-7

Synonyms:
DL-Tartaric acid; 2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid; tartaric acid; 2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid; 526-83-0; 133-37-9; Racemic acid; Uvic acid; Traubensaure; Racemic tartaric acid; DL-Tartrate; Paratartaric acid; Paratartaric aicd; BUTANEDIOIC ACID, 2,3-DIHYDROXY-; Resolvable tartaric acid; NSC62778; Tartaric acid D,L; Baros; CHEBI:15674; dl-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid; (2RS,3RS)-Tartaric acid; tartrate; E-7050 (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid; NSC 148314; Tartaric acid, L-(+)-; 2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid; C4H6O6; 1007601-97-9; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-(R*,R*)-(.+/-.)-; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-; Tartaric acid (VAN); Kyselina vinna [Czech]; NSC155080; Tartaric acid [USAN:JAN]; 2,3-Dihydrosuccinic acid; (.+-.)-Tartaric acid; DTXSID5046986; d-alpha,beta-Dihydroxysuccinic acid; MFCD00071626; NSC-148314; Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova [Czech]; (+) tartaric acid; (-) tartaric acid; 1,2-dicarboxylic acid; WLN: QVYQYQVQ; (-) D-Tartaric acid; Sal tartar (Salt/Mix); Tartaric acid, (DL)-; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (R-(R*,R*))-; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, [S-(R*,R*)]-; Malic acid, 3-hydroxy-; 2,3-Dihydroxysuccinicacid; Succinic acid,3-dihydroxy; SCHEMBL848; bmse000167; Succinic acid,3-dihydroxy-; (.+/-.)-Tartaric acid; Oprea1_827092; TARTARIC ACID, (L); Tartaric acid, (.+-.)-; Butanedioic acid,3-dihydroxy-; CHEMBL333714; Dihydroxysuccinic acid, (DL)-; Tartaric acid, (.+/-.)-; DTXCID3026986; DTXSID501031477; HMS3370M15; (+)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid; BCP14303; Tox21_302052; MFCD00064206; NSC133735; NSC148314; NSC608773; s2997; 2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, (DL)-; 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid; AKOS000120086; AKOS016844048; NSC-133735; NSC-608773; SB44180; SB44181; SMP2_000051; d-.alpha.,.beta.-Dihydroxysuccinic acid; NCGC00256063-01; NCGC00347131-03; AS-10983; CAS-133-37-9; NCI60_001102; (+)-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-butanedioic acid; AM20110247; CS-0022654; FT-0624346; FT-0625514; FT-0628018; FT-0628243; FT-0656080; FT-0772946; FT-0773804; NS00078822; NS00079339; NS00079739; T0001; (+/-)-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-butanedioic acid; EN300-19175; A22866; Butanedioic acid,3-dihydroxy- [R-(R*,R*)]-; A829202; Q194322; Butanedioic acid,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-(.+-.)-; F2191-0230; Z104473036; 1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; 2,3-Dihydrosuccinic acid; (2S,3S)-(-)-Tartaric acid; D(-)-Threaric acid; D(-)-Dihydroxysuccinic acid; Copper, mixt. with [R-(R*,R*)]-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid monopotassium salt.

It acts as a chelating agent in metal and farming industries.
Further, it is used as lubricant and grease. It is mixed with sodium bicarbonate and used as a leavening agent in food preparation.
In the pharmaceutical industry, it is utilized in the preparation of tartar emetic, which is used in cough syrup as an expectorant.

DL-Tartaric acid is a calcium salt of tartaric acid.
It is used as a standard in the analysis of total calcium and tartaric acid content in beverages, wines, foodstuffs, and pharmaceuticals.
DL-Tartaric acid can be used to prepare standard solutions for the determination of benzalkonium chloride and other natural compounds by chromatographic methods.
The rate constants for the reaction between DL-tartaric acid and calcium pantothenate have been determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
The fluorescence intensity of chemiluminescent reactions with DL-tartaric acid has been found to be proportional to the concentration of tartrate ions in solution.
X-ray diffraction data confirm that DL-tartaric acid is an orthorhombic crystal system with space group P2/c.


DL-Tartaric acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 210-212 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 191.59°C (rough estimate)
Alpha: [α]D20 -0.2～+0.2° (c=20, H2O)
Density: 1.788
Vapor pressure: <0.1 hPa (20 °C)
FEMA: 3044 | TARTARIC ACID (D-, L-, DL-, MESO-)
Refractive index: 1.5860 (estimate)
Fp: 210 °C
Storage temp: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear
Form: Liquid
Pka: 3.03, 4.37(at 25℃)
Color: White
PH: 3.19(1 mM solution);2.58(10 mM solution);2.03(100 mM solution);
Odor: at 100.00 %. very mild caramellic
Odor Type: odorless
Water Solubility: soluble
Merck: 14,9069
JECFA Number: 621
BRN: 1725148
Dielectric constant: 35.9（-10℃）
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, silver.
InChIKey: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.43
CAS DataBase Reference: 133-37-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: DL-Tartaric(133-37-9)

Chemical Properties
DL-Tartaric acid is a water- and alcohol-soluble colorless crystalline solid with a characteristic acid taste and a melting temperature of 170°C(338°F).
Naturally occurring tartaric acid is generally of the L-configuration (based on the absolute configuration of D-glyceric acid).
The L-forms of tartrates are dextrorotatory in solution and thus are designated as L(+)-tartrates.
It is also known as dihydroxy succinic acid.
Tartaric acid is used as a chemical intermediate and a sequestrant,as well as in tanning, effervescent beverages, baking powder, ceramics, photography, textile processing,mirror silvering,and metal coloring.

Uses
DL-Tartaric acid is used as a synergist for antioxidants, emulsifier, sequestrant and flavoring agent.
It is also added with citric acid to prepare effervescent salts, thereby enhancing the taste of oral medications.
It is also utilized in pigments, processing aids, ink, toner and colorant products.
It acts as a chelating agent in metal and farming industries.
Further, it is used as lubricant and grease.
It is mixed with sodium bicarbonate and used as a leavening agent in food preparation.
In the pharmaceutical industry, it is utilized in the preparation of tartar emetic, which is used in cough syrup as an expectorant.

In the Debus–Radziszewski reaction as a weak acid for the synthesis of imidazolium ionic liquid.
As an additive in electrochemical deposition technique for the synthesis of bismuth thin films to be used as X-ray absorbers.
As a complexing agent for the synthesis of nano-crystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) powder.
As a dopant for the synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers and nanotubes by oxidation polymerization.

Preparation
The tartrates used in commerce are obtained as a by-product of wine manufacture and have the L(+) configuration. Produced from argols or wine lees, which are formed in the manufacture of wine by extracting the potassium acid tartrate, transforming this into the calcium salt and then acidifying with dilute sulfuric acid; also by oxidation of d-glucose with nitric acid.
The dl-tartaric acid is obtained by boiling the d-tartaric acid with an aqueous solution of NaOH or by oxidation of fumaric acid.
The l- and the meso-tartaric acid are also known, but are less important.

CAS NUMBER: 133-37-9

EC NUMBER: 205-695-6

MOLECULAR FORMULA: COOH(CHOH)2COOH

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 150.09 g/mol

IUPAC NAME: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid



DL-Tartaric Acid is the D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.
DL-Tartaric Acid has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a conjugate acid of a D-tartrate(1-).
DL-Tartaric Acid is an enantiomer of a L-tartaric acid.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli
DL-Tartaric Acid is a white crystalline dicarboxylic acid found in many plants, particularly tamarinds and grapes.
DL-Tartaric Acid is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration.

DL-Tartaric Acid has been used as food additives such as sour seasonings.
DL-Tartaric Acid can also widely be used as industrial chemicals such as starting materials for detergents.

DL-Tartaric Acid is used as an acidulant, pH control, and flavorant in wine.
DL-Tartaric Acid is also used as an anti-microbial agent

In the pharmaceutical industry, DL-Tartaric Acid is used as an excipient for drugs with poor solubility at higher pH levels.
DL-Tartaric Acid is used as an anti-set agent in cement formulations in the construction industry.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a white, crystalline powder.
DL-Tartaric Acid is mainly used in the food industry as an acidulant or ingredient producing emulsifier

DL-Tartaric Acid can be used as a starting material for pyruvate.
DL-Tartaric Acid is widely used as beverages and other food acidifier, similar to the use and citric acid.

DL-Tartaric Acid also used as split agent for pharmaceutical, food additives, chemical and biological reagents
DL-Tartaric Acid is a colorless and semi-transparent or white powder, with a sour taste.

DL-Tartaric Acid can be used as a beer vesicant, foodstuff sourness agent, and flavoring etc.
DL-Tartaric Acid is also very important for the tannage, photograph, glass, enamel and telecommunication equipment industries.

DL-Tartaric Acid can be used to produce a blueprint
DL-Tartaric Acid is used for chromatographic analysis of reagent and a masking agent.

DL-Tartaric Acid's usage also covers the construction industry as a retarder, metal complexing agent for electroplating industry.
DL-Tartaric Acid is a dicarboxylic acid available as a white crystalline powder.

DL-Tartaric Acid can be used in areas below：
-As an acidulant, or ingredient producing emulsifier in the food industry;
-As retarder in the construction industry;
-As an intermediate, resolving agent or salt-forming agent in the pharmaceutical industry;
-As a complexing agent, chelating agent or antiscaling agent in the electroplating and polishing industry;
-As fruit acid in the cosmetic industry.

USES:
DL-Tartaric Acid is a white, crystalline acid
DL-Tartaric Acid is widely used as an intermediate or resolving agent in the pharmaceutical industry.
DL-Tartaric Acid is white powder

DL-Tartaric Acid widely used in the food industry
DL-Tartaric Acid is used as a foaming agent of beer

DL-Tartaric Acid also used as an acid taste agent
DL-Tartaric Acid can be used as a taste modified agent

DL-Tartaric Acid is mainly used to make tartaric acid salts, like potassium sodium tartrate
DL-Tartaric Acid can also be served as a beer vesicant, foodstuff sourness agent and flavouring etc.

DL-Tartaric Acid's chemical formula is HOOC(CHOH)2COOH
DL-Tartaric Acid is a water- and alcohol-soluble colourless crystalline solid

DL-Tartaric Acid has an acid taste
DL-Tartaric Acid's melting point is 170°C
DL-Tartaric Acid is also known as dihydroxy succinic acid.

DL-Tartaric Acid is used as:
-a chemical intermediate
-a sequestrant, as well as in tanning
-effervescent beverages
-baking powder
-ceramics
-photography
-textile processing
-mirror silvering
-metal colouring

DL-Tartaric Acid is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid
DL-Tartaric Acid is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 150.09 g/mol

-XLogP3-AA: -1.9

-Exact Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol

-Monoisotopic Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 115Ų

-Physical Description: Colorless or white odorless solid

-Boiling Point: 399.26 °C

-Melting Point: 172.5°C

-Flash Point: 210 °C

-Solubility: 20.6 g/100ml

-Density: 1.79

-Autoignition Temperature: 425 °C


DL-Tartaric Acid is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.
DL-Tartaric Acid has been known to winemakers for centuries.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a white crystalline diprotic organic acid.
DL-Tartaric Acid occurs naturally in many plants, particularly in grapes, bananas, and tamarinds.


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6

-Rotatable Bond Count: 3

-Heavy Atom Count: 10

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 134

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Chemical Classes: Other Classes -> Organic Acids


DL-Tartaric Acid is also one of the main acids found in wine.
DL-Tartaric Acid can be added to food when a sour taste is desired.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a white, crystalline organic acid with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that occur naturally in many fruits.
These properties help to stimulate overall helps to boost an individual's immune systems.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a dicarboxylic acid, which is notably found in different fruits such as grapes, bananas, tamarind and citrus.
DL-Tartaric Acid is also obtained from wine fermentation by-products by salts, potassium bitartrate, also known as tartar cream.

DL-Tartaric Acid is an important ingredient in bakery items where, when mixed with baking powder, it acts as a leavening agent.
DL-Tartaric Acid also improves fruit flavours and in baked goods stabilizes batter structures and colour.
DL-Tartaric Acid extracts serve as buffers in the winemaking cycle to control antioxidant E334, acidity and preservatives; in other food items, they act as natural flavour enhancers and food emulsifiers.

DL-Tartaric Acid is freely soluble in water
DL-Tartaric Acid is sparingly soluble in ethanol

DL-Tartaric Acid is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration.
DL-Tartaric Acid is an organic acid naturally found in fruits including grapes and tamarind.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a principal ingredient in wine and provides it with the characteristic tart taste.
DL-Tartaric Acid is primarily manufactured from natural raw materials

However, DL-Tartaric Acid can also be manufactured synthetically from maleic anhydride.
DL-Tartaric Acid is found in cream of tartar, which is used in making candies and frostings for cakes.
DL-Tartaric Acid is also used in baking powder where it serves as the source of acid that reacts with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).

DL-Tartaric Acid is used as a synergist for antioxidants, emulsifier, sequestrant and flavoring agent.
DL-Tartaric Acid is also added with citric acid to prepare effervescent salts, thereby enhancing the taste of oral medications.

DL-Tartaric Acid is also utilized in pigments, processing aids, ink, toner and colorant products.
DL-Tartaric Acid acts as a chelating agent in metal and farming industries.

Further, DL-Tartaric Acid is used as lubricant and grease.
DL-Tartaric Acid is mixed with sodium bicarbonate and used as a leavening agent in food preparation.
In the pharmaceutical industry, DL-Tartaric Acid is utilized in the preparation of tartar emetic, which is used in cough syrup as an expectorant.


SYNONYMS:

d-Tartaric acid
147-71-7
D-(-)-Tartaric acid
(2S,3S)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid
D(-)-TARTARIC ACID
(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
(-)-Tartaric acid
D-threaric acid
(-)-D-Tartaric acid
DL-Tartaric acid
(2S,3S)-(-)-Tartaric acid
(S,S)-Tartaric acid
(-)-(S,S)-Tartaric acid
(S,S)-(-)-Tartaric acid
(2S,3S)-Tartaric acid
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (2S,3S)-
S-Bacampicillin
levo-Tartaric acid
unusual tartaric acid
D-(-)-tartaricacid
UNII-RRX6A4PL3C
RRX6A4PL3C
tartaric acid
CHEBI:15672
EINECS 205-695-6
133-37-9
106449-07-4
tartrate
(+/-)-Tartaric Acid
DTXSID5046986
Linksweinsaeure
C4-H6-O6
Levotartaric Acid
1rpa
levo tartaric acid
(-)-Weinsaeure
MFCD00004238
D-()-Tartaric acid
E-7050 (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid
(+)-D-tartaric acid
(- )- tartaric acid
NSC-155080
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (S-(R*,R*))-
(2s, 3s)-tartaric acid
D0K2BZ
TARTARIC ACID, D-
Tartaric acid, D-(-)-
NCIStruc1_000172
NCIStruc2_000222
MLS001076664
D-TARTARIC ACID
DL-Tartaric acid, >=99%
SCHEMBL116846
UNNATURAL TARTARIC ACID
CHEMBL1200861
D-(-)-Tartaric acid, 99%
DTXSID4043775
(2S,3S) (-) tartaric acid
HMS2231C23
1007601-97-9
D-threo-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid
CCG-38066
MFCD00071626
NCGC00014424
NCI155080
s3134
AKOS005067832
DB01694
DS-3383
D-(-)-Tartaric acid
NCGC00014424-02
NCGC00097529-01
BP-13000
BP-31023
DL-Tartaric acid
E334
SMR000499572
AM20080237
CS-0017144
T0026
D-(-)-Tartaric acid
EN300-72270
(2R/S,3R/S)-dihydroxy-1,4-butanedioic acid
A22830
C02107
D78024
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, [S-(R,R)]-
DL-Tartaric acid
J-006363
J-501029
Q23034947
(S,S)-Tartaric acid;Tartaric acid;D-(-)-Tartaric acid
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (S-(theta,theta))-
Z1147451575
D-(-)-Tartaric acid
DL-Tartaric acid, anhydrous
(-)-Tartaric acid
(-)-tartaric acid
(-)-tartaric acid
(-)-Weinsäure
(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate
(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
D-(-)-Tartaric Acid
tartaric acid
D-(−)-Tartaric acid
(-)-(S,S)-tartaric acid
(-)-D-tartaric acid
(-)-tartaric acid
(2S,3S)-(-)-Tartaric acid
(2S,3S)-(−)-Tartaric acid
(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
(2S,3S)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid
(2S,3S)-tartaric acid
(S,S)-(-)-tartaric acid
(S,S)-tartaric acid
[S-(R*,R*)]-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid
526-83-0 [RN]
Acide (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinique
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (2S,3S)-
D-(-)-Tartaric Acid
D(-)-TARTARIC ACID
D-2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
DL-Tartaric acid concentrate
D-Tartaric Acid
D-threaric acid
d-​(-​)​-​tartaric acid
D(-)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic Acid
D(-)TARTARIC ACID
D-(-)-Tartaric acid|(2S,3S)-(-)-Tartaric acid
D-(-)-Tartaricacid
D-(?)-Tartaric acid
d-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid