DIAMMONIUM DITHIODIGLYCOLATE, N° CAS : 68223-93-8, Nom INCI : DIAMMONIUM DITHIODIGLYCOLATE, Nom chimique : Diammonium 2,2'-dithiodiacetate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 269-323-4 ,Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent bouclant ou lissant (coiffant) : Modifie la structure chimique des cheveux, pour les coiffer dans le style requis

Ammonium phosphate, dibasic; Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate; Phosphoric Acid, Diammonium Salt; DAP; Diammonium hydrogenphosphate; Diammonium phosphate; Ammonium hydrogen phosphate; AMMONIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE; AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE DIBASIC; AMMONIUM MONOHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC; AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE TS/RS; DAP; DI-AMMONIUM HYDROGEN ORTHOPHOSPHATE; DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; DI-AMMONIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE (SEC); DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; FYREX; PHOSPHORUS ICP STANDARD; SEC-AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; SEC AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; ammoniummonohydrogenorthophosphate; diammonium; diammoniumacidphosphate; diammoniummonohydrogenphosphate; diammoniumorthophosphate CAS NO:7783-28-0

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2S2O8.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a colourless (white) salt that is highly soluble in water, much more so than the related potassium salt.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a strong oxidizing agent that is used as a catalyst in polymer chemistry, as an etchant, and as a cleaning and bleaching agent.

CAS: 7727-54-0
MF: H8N2O8S2
MW: 228.2
EINECS: 231-786-5

Synonyms
AP;APS;AMMONIUM PEROXODISULFATE;AMMONIUM PEROXODISULPHATE;AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE;AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULPHATE;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE, POUCHES;Ammonium persulfat;7727-54-0;Ammonium peroxydisulfate;Diammonium peroxydisulfate;Diammonium peroxydisulphate;Diammonium persulfate;Diammonium peroxodisulphate;Ammonium persulphate;Persulfate d'ammonium;Ammonium peroxodisulfate;CCRIS 1430;Ammonium peroxydisulphate;EINECS 231-786-;PEROXYDISULFURIC ACID, DIAMMONIUM SALT;UNII-22QF6L357F;HSDB 7985;22QF6L357F;Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), diammonium salt;DTXSID9029691;EC 231-786-5;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE (MART.);AMMONIUM PERSULFATE [MART.];Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), ammonium salt (1:2);Persulfate d'ammonium [French];diammonium ((sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl)oxidanide;diammonium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide;UN1444;ammonium persuiphate;ammonium per sulphate;PANREAC PA;ammonium peroxidisulfate;ammonium persulphate-d8;diazanium;sulfonatooxy sulfate;Bis(Ammonium) Peroxodisulfate;DTXCID209691;AMMONIUM PEROXIDODISULFATE;ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N;AMMONIUM PERSULFATE [INCI];AMMONIUM PERSULFATE [VANDF];Tox21_201161;AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE [MI];AKOS025243328;NCGC00258713-01;CAS-7727-54-0;Ammonium persulfate [UN1444] [Oxidizer];AMMONIUM PEROXYDISULFATE ((NH4)2S2O8);Ammonium peroxydisulfate, Electrophoresis Grade;D95341

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is white, odorless single crystal, the formula is (NH4) 2S2O8, it has strong oxidation and corrosion, when heated, it decomposes easily, moisture absorption is not easy, it is soluble in water, the solubility increases in warm water, it can hydrolyze into ammonium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution.
The dry product has good stability, storage is easy, and Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) has the advantage of convenience and safety and so on.
When heated to 120 °C, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can decompose, it is easily damped and it can cake in moist air.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is mainly used as an oxidizing agent and the preparation of hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate and other persulfate.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as free initiator of polymerization reaction, particularly vinyl chloride emulsion polymerization of polymerizable compound and redox polymerization.

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used to prepare aniline dyes and dye oxidation and electroplating industry, photographic industry and chemical analysis.
For food-grade, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as metal etchant, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching at low temperature and desizing, circulating water purification treatment systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive stick bound to accelerate, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is non-flammable, but it can release of oxygen, so it has the role of combustion-supporting, storage environment must be dry and clean, and well-ventilated.
People should pay attention to moisture and rain, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) should not be transported in rain.
Keep away from fire, heat and direct sunlight.

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) should keep sealed packaging, clear and intact labels.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) should be stored separately with flammable or combustible materials, organic compounds, as well as rust, a small amount of metal, and other reducing substances, it should avoid be mixed to prevent the decomposition of ammonium persulfate and cause explosion.
Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents and hair bleaches.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is used as a hair bleaching agent.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) may induce irritant dermatitis, contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers.
A white crystalline solid.
A strong oxidizing agent.
Does not burn readily, but may cause spontaneous ignition of organic materials.
Used as a bleaching agent and as a food preservative.

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 120 °C
Density: 1.98
Vapor density: 7.9 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.50
Storage temp.: Store at +15°C to +25°C.
Solubility H2O: soluble
Form: powder
Color: White to yellow
Specific Gravity: 1.982
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 1 - 2
PH: 1.0-2.5 (25℃, 1M in H2O)
Water Solubility: 582 g/L (20 ºC) decomposes
Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
Merck: 14,541
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Oxidizing. May ignite combustible material. Incompatible with bases, combustible material, hydrogen peroxide, peroxy compounds, silver compounds, zinc. May decompose upon exposure to water or moist air.
InChIKey: ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 7727-54-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) (7727-54-0)

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is colorless monoclinic crystal or white crystalline powder.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is soluble in water, the solubility is 58.2g/100ml water at 0℃.

Uses
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as analytical reagents, photographic fixing agent and reducing agent.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as food preservative, oxidizing agent and initiator of high-molecular polymer.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as raw material of producting persulfate and hydrogen peroxide in chemical industry, inhibitor of polymerization organic polymer, initiator of during the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as bleaching agent in grease, soap industry.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can also be used as corrodent in plate metals cutting eclipse and oil extraction in oil industry.
For food-grade, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used as modifier of wheat, brewer's yeast mildew.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be used for flour modifier (Limited ≤0.3g/kg, the Japanese standard, 1999); Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungicide (limit 0.1%, FAO/WHO, 1984).

As oxidizer and bleacher; to remove hypo; reducer and retarder in photography; in dyeing, manufacture of aniline dyes; oxidizer for copper; etching zinc; decolorizing and deodorizing oils; electroplating; washing infected yeast; removing pyrogallol stains; making soluble starch; depolarizer in electric batteries; In animal chemistry chiefly for detection and determination of manganese.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a bleaching agent for food starch that is used up to 0.075% and with sulfur dioxide up to 0.05%.
As a source of radicals, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is mainly used as a radical initiator in the polymerization of certain alkenes.
Commercially important polymers prepared using persulfates include styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene.
In solution, the dianion dissociates into radicals:

[O3SO–OSO3]2− ⇌ 2 [SO4]•−

Regarding its mechanism of action, the sulfate radical adds to the alkene to give a sulfate ester radical.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is also used along with tetramethylethylenediamine to catalyze the polymerization of acrylamide in making a polyacrylamide gel, hence being important for SDS-PAGE and western blot.
Illustrative of its powerful oxidizing properties, Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is used to etch copper on printed circuit boards as an alternative to ferric chloride solution.
This property was discovered many years ago.
In 1908, John William Turrentine used a Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) solution to etch copper.
Turrentine weighed copper spirals before placing the copper spirals into the Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) solution for an hour.
After an hour, the spirals were weighed again and the amount of copper dissolved by Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) was recorded.
This experiment was extended to other metals such as nickel, cadmium, and iron, all of which yielded similar results.
The oxidation equation is thus: S2O2−8 (aq) + 2 e− → 2 SO2−4 (aq).

Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is a standard ingredient in hair bleach.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) are used as oxidants in organic chemistry.
For example, in the Minisci reaction and Elbs persulfate oxidation

Production methods
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can be derived by the electrolysis of ammonium sulfate and dilute sulfuric acid and then crystallized.
Electrolytic process Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) and sulfuric acid formulates to form liquid electrolyte, it is decontaminated by electrolysis, HSO4-can discharge and generate peroxydisulfate acidat in the anode, and then reacts with ammonium sulfate to generate ammonium persulfate, ammonium persulfate goes through filtration, crystallization, centrifugal separation, drying to get ammonium persulfate product when the content reaches a certain concentration in the anode.

Anode reaction: 2HSO4--2e → H2S2O8
Cathodic reaction: 2H ++ 2e → H2 ↑
(NH4) 2S2O4 + H2S2O8 → (NH4) 2S2O8 + H2SO4

Contact allergens
Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane, rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents, and hair bleaches.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is used as a hair bleaching agent.
It may induce irritant dermatitis, (mainly) nonimmunologic contact urticaria, and allergic contact dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers.
People reacting to Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) also react to other persulfates such as potassium persulfate.
Inhalation produces slight toxic effects.
Contact with dust irritates eyes and causes skin rash.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) can decompose of oxygen when high heat; it can generate toxic nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and ammonia fumes when heated.
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is strong oxidant, it can explode when mixed with reducing agent, sulfur, phosphorus etc; it can explode when be heated, impacted, and meet fire.

Preparation and structure
Diammonium persulfate ( Ammonium Persulfate) is prepared by electrolysis of a cold concentrated solution of either ammonium sulfate or ammonium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density.
The method was first described by Hugh Marshall.
The ammonium, sodium, and potassium salts adopt very similar structures in the solid state, according to X-ray crystallography.
In the ammonium salt, the O-O distance is 1.497 Å.
The sulfate groups are tetrahedral, with three short S-O distances near 1.44 Å and one long S-O bond at 1.64 Å.

DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 7783-28-0, Nom INCI : DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-987-8, Ses fonctions (INCI). Anticorrosif : Empêche la corrosion de l'emballage. Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection). Principaux synonymes Noms français : AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE AMMONIUM MONOHYDROGEN ORTHOPHOSPHATE AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE MONOACID Ammonium phosphate, secondary AMMONIUM, PHOSPHATE D' (DIBASIQUE) AMMONIUM, PHOSPHATE D' (MONOACIDE) DIAMMONIUM ACID PHOSPHATE DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate Diammonium phosphate DIBASIC AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE Hydrogénoorthophosphate de diammonium Phosphate d'ammonium dibasique PHOSPHATE D'AMMONIUM MONOACIDE PHOSPHATE DE DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE DIAMMONIACAL Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt SECONDARY AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE Noms anglais : Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate Utilisation: Agent ignifuge, additif alimentaire et fertilisant.Diammonium phosphate [Wiki] ammonium phosphate [NF] 10LGE70FSU 231-987-8 [EINECS] 7783-28-0 [RN] Ammonium hydrogen phosphate (2:1:1) Ammonium hydrogenphosphate Ammonium phosphate dibasic Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Diammonium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogenphosphate di-Ammonium hydrogenphosphate (sec) Diammoniumhydrogenphosphat [German] dibasicammonium phosphate Hydrogénophosphate de diammonium [French] (NH4)2HPO4 [7783-28-0] Akoustan A Ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate AMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE Ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution Ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate ammonium monohydrogen phosphate Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic Ammonium phosphate (NF) Ammonium phosphate [USAN] [USAN] ammonium phosphate, di- Ammonium phosphate, secondary Ammoniumhydrogenphosphate Coaltrol LPA 445 DAP, DAPLG diamine phosphate Diammonium acid phosphate Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate di-Ammonium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) diammonium hydrogen phosphate; diazanium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate Diammonium orthophosphate di-ammonium phosphate Diammonium Phosphate Food Grade Diammonium phosphate solution DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE|PHOSPHORIC ACID DIAMINE diammoniumhydrogenphosphate diazanium and hydron and phosphate diazanium hydrogen phosphate diazanium;hydrogen phosphate Dibasic ammonium phosphate EINECS 231-987-8 Fyrex Hydrogen diammonium phosphate I14-19729 K2 (phosphate) Pelor Phos-Chek 202A Phos-Chek 259 phosphoric acid diamine Phosphoric acid diammonium salt Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt

DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, N° CAS : 78491-02-8, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, Nom chimique : 1-[1,3-bis(Hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 278-928-2, Classification : Règlementé, Libérateur de Formaldéhyde, Conservateur, La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de 0,5 %., Ses fonctions (INCI) Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.

DBE; IMSOL; ESTASOL; DIBASIC ACID; DIBASIC ESTER; DBE DIBASIC ESTER; DIBASIC MIXTURE OF ESTERS; DBE, Dibasic ester mixture; meso-Dibenzylaminosuccinic acid; DBE,Dibasic Esters,Dimethyl butanedioate CAS NO:95481-62-2

Diazolidinyl Urea is a mixture of different formaldehyde addition products including polymers.
Diazolidinyl urea is chemically related to imidazolidinyl urea.
Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products to protect them from bacterial and fungal contamination.

CAS Number: 78491-02-8
Molecular Formula: C8H14N4O7
Molecular Weight: 278.22
EINECS Number: 278-928-2

Synonyms:DIAZOLIDINYL UREA, 78491-02-8, Diazolidinylurea, 1-(1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, 1-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, N,N'-Bis(hydroxymethyl) urea, N-(1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, N9VX1IBW6K, n-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-n,n'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, DTXSID0029559, Germall II, MFCD03547942, Urea, N-(1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, Germall 11, DTXCID009559, Imidazolidinyl urea 11, Diazolidinyl Urea (Technical Grade), Urea, N-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, CAS-78491-02-8, EINECS 278-928-2, UNII-H5RIZ3MPW4, UNII-N9VX1IBW6K, N-[1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea; Diazolidinylurea; Germaben II-E; Germall II; N-Hydroxymethyl-N-[1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl]-N'-hydroxymethylurea, H5RIZ3MPW4, EC 278-928-2, Diazolidinyl urea, >=95%, N-(Hydroxymethyl)-N-(1,3-dihydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N'-(hydroxymethyl) urea, N-(Hydroxymethyl)-N-(1,3-dihydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-N'-(hydroxymethyl)urea, SCHEMBL34370, CHEMBL3187032, N-(1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)-, CHEBI:136014, SOROIESOUPGGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N, Tox21_202068, Tox21_303365, AC1192, s5292, AKOS016010254, CCG-267223, CS-W010066, DB14173, HY-W009350, 1-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-imidazolidin-4-yl]-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, Urea, N-(1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-, NCGC00249159-01, NCGC00257237-01, NCGC00259617-01, AS-73729, N-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo(1,3-diazolidin-4-yl)]-N-(hydroxymethyl)[(hydroxymethyl)amino]carboxamide, SY033470, DB-056316, D3769, NS00001993, EN300-18632140, Q5272201, W-104279, 1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)ureido]hydantoin, N,N'-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-N'-(1,3-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-2,5-DIOXO-4-IMIDAZOLIDINYL)UREA, N-hydroxymethyl-N-(1,3-di(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-N'-hydroxy-methylurea, N-[1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea

Diazolidinyl urea releases formaldehyde, which helps to prevent the growth of microbes, thereby extending the shelf life of these products.
Diazolidinyl urea is primarily used in cosmetics, such as lotions, shampoos, conditioners, and other personal care products.
Diazolidinyl urea can also be found in some pharmaceutical products.

Diazolidinyl urea works by slowly releasing formaldehyde, a potent antimicrobial agent, which inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Diazolidinyl urea is effective in preventing microbial growth, its use is sometimes controversial due to the formaldehyde release.
Formaldehyde can be an allergen and irritant, and in high concentrations, it is a known carcinogen.

However, the levels of formaldehyde released by Diazolidinyl urea in cosmetic products are typically low and regulated to be within safe limits.
Commercial Diazolidinyl urea is a mixture of different formaldehyde addition products including polymers.
Diazolidinyl urea is a preservative commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products.

Diazolidinyl urea may release formaldehyde and cross-reactions to other formaldehyde-releasing substances may occur.
Diazolidinyl urea was poorly characterized until recently and the single Chemical Abstracts Service structure assigned to it is probably not the major one in the commercial material.
Instead, new data indicate that one of the hydroxymethyl functional groups of the imidazolidine ring is attached to the carbon, rather than on the urea nitrogen atom.

Diazolidinyl Urea is a synthetic preservative that protects formulations against harmful bacteria and fungi.
Diazolidinyl urea works by releasing formaldehyde in the products which prevents contamination - increasing the shelf life of the cosmetic products.
In its raw form, Diazolidinyl Urea appears as a fine white powder and acts as a crucial background ingredient in the beauty world.

However, it has considerable risks of allergies especially when used in higher concentrations. Proper formulation is necessary for its safe use.
Diazolidinyl Urea is a widely utilized preservative in the cosmetic industry, ensuring product stability and safety.
Its antimicrobial properties inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold, extending the shelf life of various formulations, including creams, lotions, shampoos, and makeup.

By preventing microbial contamination, Diazolidinyl Urea helps maintain product integrity and efficacy, preserving the quality of cosmetics over time.
Despite some concerns about potential sensitivities, its effectiveness in preventing spoilage makes it a valuable ingredient in cosmetic formulations.

Diazolidinyl Urea is synthesized from two primary ingredients: allantoin and formaldehyde.
Allantoin, a compound found in plants and animals, undergoes a chemical reaction with formaldehyde under alkaline conditions to produce Diazolidinyl Urea.

An antimicrobial preservative that helps your products not to go wrong too quickly.
Diazolidinyl urea works especially well against bacteria, specifically gram-negative species, yeast, and mold.
Somewhat controversial, it belongs to an infamous family of formaldehyde-releasers.

That is, it slowly breaks down to form formaldehyde when it is added to a formula.
Diazolidinyl urea written more about formaldehyde-releasing preservatives and the concerns around them at Dmdm Hydantoin, but do not get too scared, those are more theories than proven facts.
Diazolidinyl urea is used as a preservative in cosmetics and medicated products.

Diazolidinyl urea can be found in creams, lotions, hair products and over-the-counter topical drugs such as medicated ointments.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.
Diazolidinyl urea, a broad spectrum preservative, is a formaldehyde-releasing compound that releases formaldehyde through its decomposition.

Diazolidinyl urea is effective against most contaminating microorganisms, especially Pseudomonas.
Diazolidinyl Urea is a water soluble preservative, providing broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Diazolidinyl Urea acts as a preservative.

Diazolidinyl urea provides broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
It delivers efficient antimicrobial power and balanced, synergistic & boasting broad-spectrum protection.
Moreover, it is compatible with many other cosmetic ingredients.

Diazolidinyl urea is effective at low dose and can be used to bolster other preservatives.
Diazolidinyl Urea preservative finds application in formulating leave-on & rinse-off formulas, hair-care products (conditioners, gels, mousses, novel stylers, shampoos, styling lotions/creams), body-care, color cosmetics, face & body washes, facial care & wipes and sun-care products (after-sun, self-tanning, and sun-protection).
Found in products like moisturizers, sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, body washes, and makeup.

Pharmaceuticals: Used as a preservative in some topical drugs.
Household Products: Included in some cleaning products and detergents to prevent microbial growth.
Diazolidinyl urea functions as a formaldehyde releaser.

When incorporated into formulations, it decomposes slowly over time to release small amounts of formaldehyde.
This formaldehyde acts as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Although effective as a preservative, the release of formaldehyde has raised safety concerns.

Diazolidinyl urea is a known carcinogen and can cause allergic reactions and skin irritation in sensitive individuals.
Regulatory agencies such as the FDA and the European Commission have established maximum allowable concentrations of formaldehyde in cosmetics.
For example, the European Union limits the concentration of free formaldehyde to 0.2% in cosmetic products.

People with formaldehyde allergies or sensitivities are advised to avoid products containing formaldehyde releasers like Diazolidinyl urea.
Due to the concerns surrounding formaldehyde-releasing preservatives, there is a growing trend towards using alternative preservatives.
Diazolidinyl urea a common preservative used in place of formaldehyde releasers.

Though controversial for other reasons, they do not release formaldehyde.
Such as essential oils, although they may not be as effective in all formulations.
Diazolidinyl urea is considered to be biodegradable.

Diazolidinyl urea is generally regarded as safe for the environment when used in recommended concentrations.
Diazolidinyl urea trade name for Diazolidinyl urea, often used in cosmetic formulations.
A combination of Diazolidinyl urea with other preservatives for enhanced efficacy.

Diazolidinyl urea is a white, odorless crystalline powder.
Its chemical formula is C8H14N4O7.
Diazolidinyl urea was first introduced in 1982.

Diazolidinyl urea releases formaldehyde in the process of using a product, which makes its use little objectionable.
Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics.
Diazolidinyl urea is chemically related to imidazolidinyl urea which is used in the same way.

Diazolidinyl urea acts as a formaldehyde releaser.
It is used in many cosmetics, skin care products, shampoos and conditioners, as well as a wide range of products including bubble baths, baby wipes and household detergents.
Diazolidinyl urea is found in the commercially available preservative Germaben.

Diazolidinyl urea, a formaldehyde re1easer, is mainly contained in cosmetics and toiletries, and can be found in barrier creams.
Diazolidinyl urea is a synthetic preservative used in various preparations.

Diazolidinyl urea is a colorless, odorless, stable, and water-soluble preservative.
Diazolidinyl urea is reported to have a wider antimicrobial spectrum than imidazolidinyl urea, which is structurally related.
Diazolidinyl urea is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, molds, and yeast but has limited activity against fungi.


Boiling point: 421.04°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.4734 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
refractive index: 1.6590 (estimate)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Water (Slightly)
form: Solid
pka: 11.22±0.46(Predicted)
color: White to Off-White
Water Solubility: 1000g/L at 20℃
Merck: 14,3000
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: SOROIESOUPGGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.9 at 20℃

Diazolidinyl urea was poorly characterized until recently and the single Chemical Abstracts Service structure assigned to it is probably not the major one in the commercial material.
Instead, new data indicate that the hydroxymethyl functional group of each imidazolidine ring is attached to the carbon, rather than on the nitrogen atom.
Diazolidinyl urea, also known as eczema, describes a type of inflammation of the skin.

Contact dermatitis or contact eczema is a term used when this inflammation is caused by direct or indirect skin contact with something in your environment.
Allergic contact dermatitis occurs when immune system causes allergy to a very specific chemical or substance that has been in contact with the skin.
Diazolidinyl urea is synthesized through a multi-step chemical process that involves the reaction of urea with formaldehyde and other reagents.

The specific steps can vary, but a general method includes:
Urea reacts with formaldehyde to form Diazolidinyl urea derivatives.
The Diazolidinyl urea derivatives undergo cyclization to form the imidazolidine ring structure.

The resulting product is Diazolidinyl urea, which contains the imidazolidine ring and multiple hydroxymethyl groups.
The FDA regulates the use of preservatives in cosmetics under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Diazolidinyl urea is allowed in cosmetic products, provided it meets safety requirements.

The European Union's Cosmetic Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 sets maximum allowable concentrations for formaldehyde in cosmetic products.
Diazolidinyl urea must be used in concentrations that ensure the free formaldehyde content does not exceed 0.2% in the final product.
Similar to the EU, Health Canada regulates the allowable levels of formaldehyde in cosmetics, ensuring safety for consumers.

Helps prevent microbial contamination in products that contain water and are prone to spoilage.
Preserves the product during prolonged storage and use.
Extends the shelf life of products like foundation, mascara, and eye shadows.

Ensures the product remains effective and safe for use over time.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in topical creams and ointments that require preservation against microbial contamination.
Included in some cleaning solutions and detergents to prevent bacterial and fungal growth during storage.

Individuals with formaldehyde sensitivity may experience allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis when exposed to products containing Diazolidinyl urea.
Manufacturers are required to use Diazolidinyl urea within regulated limits to ensure consumer safety.
Products must be tested for their formaldehyde content to comply with safety standards.

A glycol ether often used as a preservative in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Diazolidinyl urea is effective against bacteria and yeast but less so against mold.
A class of preservatives that includes methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben.

Despite their effectiveness, parabens have faced scrutiny over potential health risks.
Preservatives like sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and their salts (potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate) are used for their antimicrobial properties.
Natural preservatives such as tea tree oil, lavender oil, and rosemary extract, although they may not be as potent and can affect the product's scent and stability.

Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics.
Diazolidinyl urea is chemically related to diazolidinyl urea which is used in the same way.
Diazolidinyl urea acts as a formaldehyde releaser.

A study examined the effects of various cosmetic preservatives, including Diazolidinyl Urea, on healthy human skin cells, highlighting the cellular responses and potential implications for skin health.
An extensive clinical review discussed allergic contact dermatitis caused by formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers such as Diazolidinyl Urea, providing insights into allergic reactions and safety concerns in dermatological practice.
Research on potential carcinogens in makeup cosmetics included Diazolidinyl Urea, emphasizing the safety and regulatory aspects concerning its use in cosmetic formulations.

A study integrated Diazolidinyl Urea in a patch test series to evaluate skin sensitization and allergic reactions in patients, aiding in the assessment of its allergenic potential.
Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative that acts as a formaldehyde releaser in cosmetics and personal care products.
Diazolidinyl Urea prevents or retards bacterial growth, and thus protects cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage.

Follow this link for more information about how preservatives protect cosmetics and personal care products.
Diazolidinyl urea is a formaldehyde-releasing preservative used in cosmetics and personal-care products, which has been identified as a sensitizing agent in contact dermatitis.
To determine whether DIAZ sensitization is secondary to formaldehyde release or due to its own allergenic properties, we reviewed 708 consecutive patch tests of patients with various dermatologic complaints.

Diazolidinyl urea is a water-soluble preservative.
This preservative is considered safe for use at concentrations up to 0.5%, although it’s usually present at lower concentrations because it’s typically part of a blend with other preservatives (such as parabens).
Diazolidinyl urea can be a formaldehyde-releasing preservative.

Uses:
Diazolidinyl urea is also used as a deodorizer because it helps by eliminating bacteria that produce foul smell in the sweat.
Diazolidinyl urea is commonly used in a wide range of cosmetic and personal care products to prevent microbial contamination, thereby extending the shelf life of these products.
Diazolidinyl urea keeps water-based creams and lotions free from bacteria and mold.

Prevents the growth of microorganisms that can spoil the Diazolidinyl urea.
Maintains product integrity by preventing microbial growth.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in products like foundations, mascaras, eye shadows, and blushes to prevent contamination.

Ensures the product remains effective and safe for use over time.
Preserves the product to ensure it remains safe for skin application.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in some pharmaceutical formulations, especially topical products that require preservation against microbial contamination.

Ensures the product remains free from microbial contamination during use.
Prevents microbial growth in therapeutic shampoos.
This preservative is also found in various household items where microbial contamination is a concern.

Included in formulations like sprays and detergents to prevent bacteria and mold.
Helps maintain the product’s integrity by preventing microbial growth during storage.
In some industrial settings, Diazolidinyl urea is used to preserve products that may be stored for extended periods.

Diazolidinyl urea is used to prevent microbial growth in water-based paints and coatings.
Ensures the longevity and safety of water-based adhesives by preventing microbial contamination.
Certain specialized products also benefit from the preservative properties of Diazolidinyl urea.

Helps in preventing microbial growth in fabric treatments.
Diazolidinyl urea is used in shampoos and other grooming products for pets to prevent contamination.
Although less common, Diazolidinyl urea can be used in certain food packaging materials to prevent microbial growth, thereby extending the shelf life of the packaged goods.

Diazolidinyl urea is extensively used in the cosmetic and personal care industry due to its effectiveness as a preservative.
Diazolidinyl urea prevents the growth of bacteria and fungi in hydrating and anti-aging products.
Maintains the safety and effectiveness of facial washes and cleansing oils.

Diazolidinyl urea preserves the integrity of water-based toners and astringents.
Ensures shampoos remain free from microbial contamination.
Diazolidinyl urea keeps conditioners safe for extended use.

Diazolidinyl urea found in gels, mousses, and sprays to prevent spoilage.
Prevents microbial growth in liquid and powder foundations.
Diazolidinyl urea ensures eye makeup remains safe and free from bacteria.

Diazolidinyl urea preserves the product's integrity and safety.
Maintains the safety and effectiveness of body moisturizers.
Keeps these products free from contamination.

Diazolidinyl urea prevents microbial growth in products that are applied to sensitive areas.
Diazolidinyl urea ensures these products remain effective and free from contamination.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Diazolidinyl urea is used in topical formulations to prevent microbial contamination, which is crucial for patient safety.

Diazolidinyl urea keeps ointments free from additional bacterial contamination.
Maintains the integrity and safety of creams used for treating inflammation.
Ensures lotions for skin conditions remain uncontaminated.

Diazolidinyl urea is used in various household cleaning and maintenance products.
Prevents the growth of bacteria and mold in multi-surface cleaners.
Diazolidinyl urea ensures products used in high-moisture environments remain effective.

Diazolidinyl urea maintains the efficacy of liquid detergents over time.
Preserves the integrity and effectiveness of dishwashing soaps.
In industrial settings, Diazolidinyl urea helps maintain the quality of products that are prone to microbial contamination.

Diazolidinyl urea is an antiseptic and deodorizer.
Diazolidinyl urea is also a broadspectrum preservative against bacteria and fungi.
Generally, it is used in concentrations of 0.03 to 0.3 percent.

It has been found that diazolidinyl urea is a stronger sensitizer than imidazolidinyl urea for people sensitive or allergic to formaldehyde.
Diazolidinyl urea is a preservative used in cosmetic creams, lotions, shampoos, hair gels, etc.
Diazolidinyl urea is used as a preservative in self-care products like creams, lotions, baby wipes, hand washes, bubble bath, shampoos.

It is however used in safe concentration n any product to improve shelf life or stability of a product.
Diazolidinyl urea can be considered as a broad-spectrum antiseptic for bacteria as well as fungi.

Safety profile:
Diazolidinyl urea’s use is restricted to maximum concentrations of 0.5%.
This limit in concentration is mostly due to mild irritation that can occur on the skin in concentrations greater that this maximum.
Some people have a contact allergy to Diazolidinyl urea causing dermatitis.

Such people are often also allergic to diazolidinyl urea.
In addition to being an allergen, it is a formaldehyde releaser, since it generates formaldehyde slowly as it degrades.

Although the formaldehyde acts as a bactericidal preservative, it is a known carcinogen.
In 2005–06, Diazolidinyl urea was the 14th-most-prevalent allergen in patch tests (3.7%).
Diazolidinyl Urea has considerable risks involved in the form of skin sensitivities like irritation and redness, especially when used in concentrations higher than 0.5%.

Due to its formaldehyde-releasing nature, it can exacerbate symptoms in those sensitive to formaldehyde.
Individuals with existing skin conditions or compromised skin barriers may be more susceptible to these side effects.
Patch testing before use is mandated.

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel evaluated the safety of diazolidinyl urea and found that the ingredient is safe for current uses and concentrations, and it has low eye irritation potential.
However, it has not been found to be sensitive to the skin or produce phototoxic effects.

Dibasic ester or DBE is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
Depending on the application, the alcohol may be methanol or higher molecular weight monoalcohols.
Mixtures of different methyl Dibasic ester are commercially produced from short-chain acids such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, and succinic acid.

CAS: 95481-62-2
MF: C21H36O12
MW: 480.51

They are non-flammable, readily biodegradable, non-corrosive, and have a mild, fruity odour.
Dibasic ester of phthalates, adipates, and azelates with C8 - C10 alcohols have found commercial use as lubricants, spin finishes, and additives.
Dibasic ester are a blend of dicarboxylic acid esters that are non-flammable, readily biodegradable, non-corrosive, and have a mild, fruity odour.
These properties make Dibasic ester a relatively safe solvent that can be used for a variety of purposes.
Dibasic ester is a refined mixture of dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids.
Dibasic ester is a liquid non-flammable, readily biodegradable and non-corrosive with mild fruity odor.

Dibasic ester is readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but only slightly soluble in water and higher paraffins.
Dibasic ester’s are refined dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids.
Dibasic ester’s are clear, colourless liquids
having a mild, characteristic fruity odour.
They are readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but are only slightly soluble in water and hydrocarbons.
Dibasic ester is non-flammable, noncorrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly formulation options.

Dibasic ester Chemical Properties
Melting point: -20°C
Boiling point: 196-225 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.19 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.424(lit.)
Fp: 212 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Explosive limit: 8%
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H14O4.C7H12O4.C6H10O4/c1-11-7(9)5-3-4-6-8(10)12-2;1-10-6(8)4-3-5-7(9)11-2;1-9-5(7)3-4-6(8)10-2/h3-6H2,1-2H3;3-5H2,1-2H3;3-4H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(=O)(OC)CCC(=O)OC.C(C(=O)OC)CCCC(=O)OC.C(C(=O)OC)CCC(=O)OC
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibasic ester (95481-62-2)

Dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
Non-flammable, non-corrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly product.
Easily soluble in alcohol and only slightly soluble in water, Dibasic ester is colorless, clear and has a slightly fruity odor.

Uses
Dibasic ester was commonly used as lubricants, solvents, plasticizers, additives, and spin finishes.
Dibasic ester acts as a coating agent for magnet and enamel wires, magnetic memory discs, automobiles, coils, cans, sheets, industrial paint, et cetera.

Dibasic ester and its fractions serve as raw materials for plasticizers, polymers.
N/Aer (DBE) and its fractions serve as raw materials for plasticizers, polymers.
These applications are growing rapidly as new uses are found for Dibasic ester's as building blocks.

Applications:
Plasticizers
Certain esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids (as mixtures or individually) are excellent plasticizers for various polymer systems including polyvinyl chloride resins.

Polymer Intermediate
As a source of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids and their mixtures, Diabasic Esters provide unique polymer structures.
By the selection of the proper Dibasic ester fraction, properties, such as low temperature flexibility, can be tailored to meet specific needs.

Polyester Polyols for Urethanes
Polyols based on Dibasic ester are used to make polyurethane elastomers, coatings and both flexible and rigid foams.

Wet-Strength Paper Resins
Dibasic ester-2, Dibasic ester-5, and Dibasic ester-9 are particularly useful in the preparation of long-chain water soluble polyamides of the type which can be reacted with epichlorohydrin to form wet-strength paper resins.

Polyester Resins
Dibasic ester's are used extensively in the manufacture of saturated and unsaturated polyester resins.

Specialty Chemical Intermediate
Dimethyl succinate (DBE-4), dimethyl glutarate (DBE-5) and dimethyl adipate (DBE-6) are abundant and economical sources of the adipic, glutarate and succinic moieties for organic synthesis.

1) Preparation of nano anti-scaling and anti-corrosion coatings for gathering and transportation pipelines, which are applied to anti-scaling and anti-corrosion in petroleum gathering and transportation pipelines.
Dibasic ester is characterized in that it is composed of 1 part by weight of agent A and 0.1 to 0.3 parts by weight of agent B, agent A includes bisphenol A epoxy resin, n-butanol, xylene, divalent acid ester, polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane, high molecular weight block copolymer containing pigment affinity group, foam-breaking polysiloxane, polyether siloxane co-polymer, polyacrylate, high molecular weight polycarboxylic acid containing amine derivatives, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide, sericite, talc and flake graphite; Among them, agent B includes polyamide.

The effect is: the coating has excellent workability and storage stability, and the coating film has excellent anti-fouling performance and excellent corrosion resistance.
The scale inhibition rate of pipelines can reach above 80%.

2) an environment-friendly high-performance bait brightener was prepared, which was composed of divalent acid ester, PVC powder, free radical photoinitiator, ethyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, liquid paraffin and magnetized water.
Dibasic ester uses divalent acid ester and PVC powder as the main raw materials, supplemented by free radical photoinitiator, ethyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, liquid paraffin and magnetized water, and is refined by advanced production technology.
Among them, ethyl acetate and polyvinyl butyral mainly play a role in increasing viscosity, so that the brightener can adhere to the surface of the bait, and ethyl acetate has a fruity smell, which is easy to attract fish for food.
The main function of divalent acid ester is to dissolve PVC powder, which has the effects of brightening and improving gloss.
Dibasic ester is a degradable and environment-friendly solvent.
After the bait brightener is impregnated, heated and dried, the product can present a high-light state, with bright color, lifelike, and high fish lure rate, especially to attract fish in deep waters.

Production method
(1) continuous catalytic esterification: including the first catalytic esterification and the second catalytic esterification: a first catalytic esterification: according to the mass ratio of nylon acid, methanol and hydrous cerium sulfate catalyst of 1:1.3:0.02, weigh each raw material, add the raw materials nylon acid and methanol to the reaction kettle in sequence, then add the hydrous cerium sulfate catalyst, heat while stirring, heat to 120 ℃, keep the temperature unchanged, the pressure inside the reaction kettle is controlled to be 125KPa, and the reaction is carried out for 1 hour.

The aqueous cerium sulfate catalyst is composed of cerium sulfate active component and double mesoporous silicon carrier, wherein the mass percentage of cerium sulfate is 42%, and the balance is double mesopores.
The pore size of the small mesopores of the double mesopores is 3-5nm, and the pore size of the large mesopores is 10. B The second catalytic esterification: The reaction is carried out by continuously introducing methanol into the reaction kettle.
The water generated by the reaction is brought out with methanol to continue the reaction. The amount of methanol added is the amount of methanol added in the first catalytic esterification. 143%, this reaction stage is an atmospheric reaction.

The reaction temperature is controlled by controlling the methanol inlet speed.
The reaction temperature at this stage is 130 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, and adding titanate catalysts, the addition amount is 8.2‰ of the total mass of the reactants, and the acid value is measured for 5 hours.
When the acid value reaches less than 5mgKOH/g, the temperature is rapidly reduced to 65 ℃, the reaction is stopped, and the crude product is obtained.
The titanate catalyst is a mixture of tetraethyl titanate, tetrapropyl titanate and tetraisopropyl titanate, and the mass ratio is 2:5:3.

(2) alkali washing and neutralization: filter and separate the catalyst, slowly add 20% NaHCO3 to the crude product of the reaction kettle, stir at a rate of 100rad/min while adding at a temperature of 85 ℃, stop adding and continue stirring for 10min when the acid value of the crude product is lower than 0.5mgKOH/g; The separated catalyst is reused after simple treatment, and the number of times of use is recorded.

(3) standing at low temperature: place the above products at an ambient temperature of -3 ℃ and stand for 25min. after stratification, the water layer is separated to remove water.

(4) pump the crude product material after water removal into the light removal tower, reduce the pressure to -0.01MPa, set the top temperature to 105 ℃, remove the light components, and circulate the methanol in the light components to the catalytic esterification reactor for reuse after dehydration and impurity removal; The packing layer provided in the light removal tower adopts polypropylene plastic step ring, the diameter of the step ring used is 50mm, and the top part adopts reflux in tube.

(5) put the crude product with light components removed into the weight removal tower, and decompress to remove the heavy components; The pressure after decompression is controlled to-0.085MPa, the top temperature of the weight removal tower is controlled to 125 ℃, the bottom temperature of the tower is controlled to 150 ℃, the reflux ratio is set to 0.7, and the products at the top of the tower are collected.
The product processed by the above method, after testing, the color of the product is stable, the chromaticity is light, and the chromaticity is not much different.

The main component is NME (dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate) The purity of NME is 99.82%, of which the content of methanol is 0.021%, and the content of mono-methyl ester is 0.012 ‰; after the quality analysis of the various components before, the selectivity of the reaction is 99.83%; the acid value of the product is 0.14mgKOH/g; the moisture content of the product is 0.020%; after the catalyst is used for 30 times, the activity decreases less than 10%, it is stable during use, and has good reuse performance.
It is not easy to be poisoned, will not corrode equipment, and will not pollute the environment.

Synonyms
Estasol
Dibasic ester
95481-62-2
RDPE
dimethyl butanedioate;dimethyl hexanedioate;dimethyl pentanedioate
DBE dibasic ester
Pentanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl hexanedioate
Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butandedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate
Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate
SCHEMBL4450294
dimethyl adipate dimethyl glutarate dimethyl succinate
dimethyl butanedioate,dimethyl hexanedioate,dimethyl pentanedioate
dimethyl adipate compound with dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate (1:1:1)
DBE
MADE
IMSOL
DIBASIC ACID
DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic Esters
Dbe Dibasic Ester
DBE DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic Esters(DBE)
DBE, Dibasic ester mixture
Mixed Aliphatic Dimethyl Esters
DBE,Dibasic Esters,Dimethyl butanedioate

CAS number: 94-36-0
EC number: 202-327-6
Molecular formula: C14H10O4
Formula Weight: 242.23

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of Dibenzoyl peroxides structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Dibenzoyl peroxideis a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.
Dibenzoyl peroxide may cause skin irritation in people with sensitive skin.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a colorless, crystalline solid with a faint odor of benzaldehyde resulting from the interaction of benzoyl chloride and a cooled sodium peroxide solution.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is insoluble in water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in specified cheeses at 0.0002% of milk level.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used for the bleaching of flour, slowly decomposing to exert its full bleaching action, which results in whiter flour and bread.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a widely used organic compound of the peroxide family.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is often used in acne treatments , bleaching and polymerizing polyester and many other uses.
As a bleach, Dibenzoyl peroxidehas been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

Applications of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is widely utilized as a radical initiator to induce polymerizations.
Dibenzoyl peroxide finds applications for acne treatment, for bleaching flour, hair and teeth and for cross-linking polyester resins.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also has major applications in antiseptic and bleaching properties.
Dibenzoyl peroxide serves as a catalyst for polyester thermoset resins and as a hardener to start the polymerization process.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a peroxide with antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
Upon topical application, Dibenzoyl peroxide decomposes to release oxygen which is lethal to the bacteria Proprionibacterium acnes.
Due to Dibenzoyl peroxides irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Dibenzoyl peroxide appears as odorless white powder or granules.

Keep Dibenzoyl peroxide in a cool place in isolation, out of the sunlight and away from heat.
Dibenzoyl peroxide acts as an antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory agent when applied topically to the human epithelium.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
-Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets
-Products used on crops, or related to the growing of crops
-Arts and crafts supplies such as painting, beading/jewelry making, scrapbooking, needlecrafts, clay, etc.
-Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
-Binding agents, used in paint, sand, etc
-General bleaching agents, bleaching agents for textiles (unclear if bleaching agents are for consumer or industrial use)
-Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc)
-Related to the building or repair of ships, pleasure boats, or sporting boats

Dibenzoyl peroxide is a peroxide with an antibacterial, irritant, keratolytic, comedolytic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
Upon topical application, Dibenzoyl peroxide decomposes to release oxygen which is lethal to the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes.
Due to its irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases the turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

As a medication, Dibenzoyl peroxide is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis on the WHO List of Essential Medicines, and, in the US, Dibenzoyl peroxideis available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used in the plastics industry and for bleaching flour, hair, and textiles.

History of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide was first prepared and described by Liebig in 1858.
Dibenzoyl peroxidewas the first organic peroxide prepared intentionally.

Medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is effective for treating acne lesions.
Dibenzoyl peroxidedoes not induce antibiotic resistance.
Dibenzoyl peroxidemay be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Dibenzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and adapalene/Dibenzoyl peroxide, an unusual formulation considering most retinoids are deactivated by peroxides.
Combination products such as Dibenzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and Dibenzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Dibenzoyl peroxide alone for the treatment of acne lesions.
The combination tretinoin/Dibenzoyl peroxide was approved in 2021.

Dibenzoyl peroxide for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Dibenzoyl peroxide are more effective than lower concentrations.

Mechanism of action:
Classically, Dibenzoyl peroxide is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.
In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.
The free-radical reaction of Dibenzoyl peroxide can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
Dibenzoyl peroxidecan cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making Dibenzoyl peroxidebactericidal, and Dibenzoyl peroxidewas thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.
Some evidence suggests that Dibenzoyl peroxide has an anti-inflammatory effect as well. In micromolar concentrations Dibenzoyl peroxideprevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne.

Other medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in dentistry as a tooth whitening product.

Non-medical uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is one of the most important organic peroxides in terms of applications and the scale of its production.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis often used as a convenient oxidant in organic chemistry.

Bleaching of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Like most peroxides, Dibenzoyl peroxideis a powerful bleaching agent.
Dibenzoyl peroxidehas been used for the bleaching of flour, fats, oils, waxes, and cheeses, as well as a stain remover.

Polymerization of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions, such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Dibenzoyl peroxideis also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

Reactivity of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide, a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2

Dibenzoyl peroxide is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Dibenzoyl peroxide readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2

The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.
The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Dibenzoyl peroxide is one hour at 92 °C.
At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.

Chemical Properties of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Formula: C14H10O4
Formula Weight: 242.23
Storage & Sensitivity: Ambient temperatures.
Solubility:
Soluble in ether and chloroform.
Slightlysoluble in ethanol.
Insoluble in water.

Use and Manufacturing of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products:
-Home Maintenance
-Inside the Home
-Personal Care

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Bricks or related to bricklaying/masonry
-Plumbing, plumbing tools (home or industrial use)
-Materials used in the building process, such as flooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc.
-Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
-Insulating materials to protect from noise, cold, etc (such as used in homes or buildings), insulating materials related to electricity
-Caulk, mortar, or putty compounds
-Wall construction materials, or wall coverings
-Casting agents or molding compounds for plastics, sand, or metals
-Catalyst
-Modifier used for chemical, when chemical is used in a laboratory

Industry Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesives and sealant chemicals
-Fillers
-Intermediates
-Oxidizing/reducing agents
-Plasticizers
-Process regulators
-Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesives and sealants
-Arts, crafts, and hobby materials
-Automotive care products
-Personal care products
-Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

Industry Processing Sectors of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Adhesive manufacturing
-All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
-Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
-Miscellaneous manufacturing
-Paint and coating manufacturing
-Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
-Plastic material and resin manufacturing
-Plastics product manufacturing
-Rubber product manufacturing
-Services

About Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used to treat acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide works as an antiseptic to reduce the number of germs (bacteria) on the surface of your skin.

Dibenzoyl peroxide comes as a gel or face wash containing 5% Dibenzoyl peroxide.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is available to buy from pharmacies under the brand name Acnecide.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is sometimes mixed with potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an "antimicrobial" ingredient that kills micro-organisms on your skin.
Dibenzoyl peroxide's sold in pharmacies as Quinoderm cream.

Some Dibenzoyl peroxide products are available on prescription only.
This is because they contain other active ingredients such as antibiotics or retinoids (exfoliants).

Many popular skincare brands also make products that contain Dibenzoyl peroxide, but at a lower strength.
These are available to buy in pharmacies, supermarkets and shops.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Related to products specifically designed for children (e.g. toys, children's cosmetics, etc)
-Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs; modified by veterinary, animal, or pet
-Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
-Pharmaceutical related
-Fixatives or fixing agents
-Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc
-Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption
-Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Related to the activity of hunting

Key facts about Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide 5% takes around 4 weeks to start working.
You'll usually use Dibenzoyl peroxide 1 or 2 times a day.
The most common side effect is skin irritation.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is better to use it less often at first, then build up as your skin gets used to it.
Pharmacy brands include Acnecide 5% gel and Acnecide Wash 5%.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also an ingredient in Duac Once Daily (with clindamycin, an antibiotic) and Epiduo gel (with adapalene, a retinoid).

Who can and cannot use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Most adults and children over 12 years old can use Dibenzoyl peroxide.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is not suitable for some people.
To make sure Dibenzoyl peroxide is safe for you, tell your doctor before using this medicine if you:
-are allergic to Dibenzoyl peroxide or other medicines.
-have damaged or broken skin where you need to use the treatment.
-have very bad acne with nodules (large, hard lumps that build up beneath the surface of the skin and can be painful) or cysts (large, pus-filled lumps that look similar to boils).
These need to be treated by a doctor to avoid scarring.

How and when to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Dibenzoyl peroxide is for use on your skin only.

Always wash your hands before and after using this medicine.
If your skin becomes dry or starts peeling, try using Dibenzoyl peroxide less often.
Put Dibenzoyl peroxide on once a day or once every 2 days, until your skin gets used to it.

Dibenzoyl peroxide can bleach or discolour your hair, as well as clothes, towels and bedding.
Keep Dibenzoyl peroxide away from hair and coloured fabrics.
How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide 5% gel

Wash the affected area with a mild skin cleanser and water.
Gently pat your skin dry.
Put a thin layer of gel on all the affected areas.
If your whole face has acne, use a strip of gel (2.5cm long) each time.
You'll usually use the gel once or twice a day.
If you have sensitive skin, use the gel once a day, before going to bed.

Try to avoid strong sunlight while using Dibenzoyl peroxide gel.
Use an oil-free sunscreen, or a moisturiser or foundation with added SPF30.
In stronger sunlight, use SPF30 or above.
Ask a pharmacist to help you pick a sunscreen that's right for your skin type.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Term applied when source specifically indicates product is for industrial use, or use in the industrial sector
-Related to electrical work (such as wiring of a building), electric current insulation materials, or other electrical components
-General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
-Wood used as a building material, wood preservatives
-Related to manufacturing for export
-Manufacturing of or related to machinery, for production of cement or food, air/spacescraft machinery, electrical machinery, etc
-Beverages for human consumption (e.g., juice, water, alcohol), or related to beverages for human consumption (e.g. machinery for production of beverages, or facilities serving beverages)
-Chemicals in cigarettes, or tobacco related products, or related to the manufacturing of tobacco products
-General medical instruments or medical facilities, spectacle lenses and optical instruments
-Related to metals - manufacturing of metals, casting of metals, production of metals, surface treatment of metals, etc

How long will I use Dibenzoyl peroxide for?
Dibenzoyl peroxide depends on how quickly your condition improves.
Dibenzoyl peroxide will usually start to work within 4 weeks, but once your acne is under control you may want to keep using it to stop your acne coming back.

What if I forget to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Dibenzoyl peroxide does not matter if you forget to use Dibenzoyl peroxide.
When you remember, start using Dibenzoyl peroxide again once or twice a day in the same way as before.

What if I use Dibenzoyl peroxide too much?
If you use too much Dibenzoyl peroxide, your skin may become irritated.
Wash off as much as you can and wait for the irritation to go away.

When your skin has calmed down again, you can start using Dibenzoyl peroxide again.
Be careful to follow the instructions on the package.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Personal care products used on the face (includes facial treatments, oil and blemish control, make-up removers, facial cleansers)
-Inert ingredients in a pesticide
-Related to photography, film, photographic equipment, photographic laboraties, photochemicals, and developing of photographs
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Accelerators, activators, oxidation agents, reducing agents, etc
-Vulcanizing agents and rubberizing materials
-Surface treatments for metals, hardening agents, corrosion inhibitors, polishing agents, rust inhibitors, water repellants, etc (surfaces to be applied to often not indicated in source description)
-Bleaching agent for flour, fats, oils, and waxes; polymerization catalyst; drying agent for unsaturated oils; pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes; rubber vulcanization without sulfur; burnout agent for acetate yarns; production of cheese; embossing vinyl flooring (proprietary).
-Source of free radicals for industrial processes. Oxidizing agent in bleaching oils, flour, etc.; catalyst in the plastics industry; initiator in polymerization.
-For Dibenzoyl peroxide (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 128964) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

About Dibenzoyl peroxide Helpful information:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, adhesives and sealants and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.

Article service life:
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Dibenzoyl peroxide is most likely to be released to the environment.
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers.
ECHA has no public registered data on the types of manufacture using Dibenzoyl peroxide.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.

Formulation or re-packing:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses at industrial sites:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and rubber products.
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid.

Manufacture:
Release to the environment of Dibenzoyl peroxide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Although the precise cause of acne is unclear, Dibenzoyl peroxide appears to be associated with at least four factors: increased sebum production, follicular keratinization, bacterial colonization, and inflammation.
The study suggests the prevalent bacterium implicated in the clinical course of acne is Propionibacterium acnes (P acnes), a gram-positive anaerobe that normally inhabits the skin and is implicated in the inflammatory phase of acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is mainly indicated in the treatment of mild to moderate acne and is often prescribed in conjunction with oral antibiotics (erythromycin or clindamycin) in the treatment of moderate to severe acne.

Dibenzoyl peroxide used in 2.5, 5, and 10 percent concentrations, depending on the acne severity.
Usually, these are in a gel spreading agent, but they can also be in a cream base or a drying paste.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is keratolytic, which means “keratin-dissolving” and works by loosening dead cells stuck in the follicles.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also releases oxygen in the follicle.
Because acne bacteria are anaerobic, they cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
Dibenzoyl peroxide essentially works both as an interfollicular exfoliant and as an antibacterial.

Mode of action:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is lipophilic that can penetrate the stratum corneum and enter the pilosebaceous follicle.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is rapidly broken down to benzoic acid and hydrogen peroxide and generates free radicals that oxidize proteins in bacterial cell membranes, exerting a bactericidal action.
In addition, it has been shown that Dibenzoyl peroxide can reduce the free fatty acid content of sebum, which provides a useful marker for bacterial activity.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has an anti-inflammatory action and vitro studies suggest that this action arises from its ability to kill polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN cells) in the pilosebaceous follicles and so prevent their release of reactive oxygen species such as peroxides which enhance tissue inflammation.

Involving equation about this process:
C6H5C(O)O-OC(O)C6H5 + H2O 2 C6H5COOH + ½ O2
Moreover, due to its irritant effect, Dibenzoyl peroxide increases the turnover rate of epithelial cells, thereby peeling the skin and promoting the resolution of comedones.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is used as a bleaching agent for certain foods, an oxidizing agent, a polymerizing initiator in the manufacture of plastics, a curing agent for silicone rubber, and an ingredient in various industrial processes.
Dibenzoyl peroxide, like most peroxides, is a powerful bleaching agent.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has a long history of use in the food industry as a bleaching agent added for flour, whey, and milk for cheese making.

Contact with fabrics or hair can cause permanent color dampening almost immediately.
Even secondary contact can cause bleaching.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is widely used as a catalyst in the polymerisation of molecules like styrene (phenylethene) to form polystyrene, which used to make many things from drinking cups to packaging material.

Dibenzoyl peroxide and Pregnancy :
There are no studies looking at women who use topical Dibenzoyl peroxide during pregnancy.
When Dibenzoyl peroxide is applied topically, only 5% is absorbed through the skin, and then it is completely metabolized to benzoic acid within the skin and excreted unchanged in the urine.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is not likely to increase risk for birth defects or cause problems for the baby.
However, systemic effects on a pregnant woman and her child would not be expected and therefore use of this product during pregnancy would not be of concern.

Description of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide may affect workers in the electronics and plastics (epoxy resins and catalysts) industries, electricians, ceramic workers, dentists and dental technicians, laboratory technicians and bakers.
As it was contained in candles, Dibenzoyl peroxide also induced contact dermatitis in a sacristan.
However, some positive tests are of unknown occupational relevance.

Chemical Properties of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an odorless, white or colorless crystalline powder.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial ingredient commonly used in acne treatments.
Dibenzoyl peroxide functions by forcing an oxidant (peroxide in this case) into the philosebaceous orifice where it releases oxygen, thereby diminishing the P. acnes population.
This reduces the level of free fatty acids and skin infection.

Source of free radicals for industrial processes.
Oxidizing agent in bleaching oils, flour, etc.; catalyst in the plastics industry; initiator in polymerization.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is used as a source offree radicals in many organic syntheses andto initiate polymerizations of styrene, vinylchloride, vinyl acetate, and acrylics; to curethermoset polyester resins and silicone rubbers;in medicine for treating acne; and forbleaching vegetable oil, cheese, flour, and fats.

Indications of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide is a potent oxidizing agent that has both antimicrobial and comedolytic properties; its primary use is in treating acne vulgaris.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is converted in the skin to benzoic acid; clearance of absorbed drug is rapid, and no systemic toxicity has been observed.
The major toxicities are irritation and contact allergy.
Outgrowth of bacteria resistant to topical antibiotics used to treat acne can be reduced by the addition of Dibenzoyl peroxide in combination products such as erythromycin (Benzamycin) and clindamycin (Benzaclin).

Veterinary Drugs and Treatments:
Dibenzoyl peroxide products are used topically either as gels or in shampoos.
Shampoos are generally used for seborrheas, greasy skin (seborrhea oleosa), or crusty pyodermas (such as seborrheic dermatitis/pyoderma commonly seen in Cocker Spaniels).
Gels may be useful for treating recurrent localized skin infections (e.g., chin acne), localized Demodex lesions, superficial and deep pyodermas (adjunctive therapy), seborrhea oleosa, and Schnauzer comedo syndrome.

Dibenzoyl peroxide possesses antimicrobial (especially antibacterial), keratolytic and antiseborrheic actions.
Dibenzoyl peroxide also is Dibenzoyl peroxide has some mild antipruritic activity and wound healing effects, and is thought to increase follicular flushing.
Dibenzoyl peroxide’s antimicrobial activity is due to the oxidative benzoyl peroxy radicals formed that disrupt cell membranes.

Uses of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
-Various types of paint for various uses
-Plastic products, industry for plastics, manufacturing of plastics, plastic additives
-Rubber products (e.g. tires) and their manufacture
-Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
-Additive for products to promote hardening, used in paints and varnishes, plastics, etc.
-Personal care products, including cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, soaps, lotions, toothpastes, etc
-Subcategory of personal_care, includes fragrances, shampoos, make-up, etc.
-Personal care products used on the face (includes facial treatments, oil and blemish control, make-up removers, facial cleansers)
-Chemicals on lists subject to restrictions of use (i.e. some use allowed, but use is limited) in Europe
-Substances used for preventing, destroying or mitigating pests

Storage of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dibenzoyl peroxide should be stored in acool and well-ventilated area, isolated fromother chemicals and free of heating andelectrical installations.
Dry compound maybe shipped in polyethylene-lined paper bagsor fiber containers packed in wooden boxeso.

Purification Methods of Dibenzoyl peroxide:
Dissolve Dibenzoyl peroxide in CHCl3 at room temperature and precipitate it by adding an equal volume of MeOH or pet ether.
Similarly Dibenzoyl peroxide is precipitated from acetone by adding two volumes of distilled water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide has also been crystallised from 50% MeOH and from diethyl ether.

How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide?
Before you start the treatment, read the manufacturer's printed information leaflet from inside the pack.
Dibenzoyl peroxide will give you more information about Dibenzoyl peroxide and will provide you with a full list of the side-effects which you could experience from using it.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is recommended that you use Dibenzoyl peroxide once or twice each day.

When you first start using it, you will be recommended to use a 4% or 5% strength preparation.
This will help keep any skin irritation to a minimum.
If you find Dibenzoyl peroxide does irritate then try the 2.5% strength once the irritation has settled.
These strength preparations often work as well as the higher 10% strength preparations and cause less skin irritation.
If necessary, you can increase the strength of the preparation as you go on, but do this gradually.

A general point is that you should apply Dibenzoyl peroxide to all of the area where your spots occur and not just to each spot.
Creams and gels should be applied about 15 minutes or so after washing the area with soap and water and gently drying with a towel.
At first you may want to wash the preparation off after a few hours, but gradually try to increase the length of time you leave it on the skin.
When your skin is used to the preparation, aim to put it on twice a day and leave it on.
If you are using a 'wash', wet your skin and then pour some of the liquid wash on to your hands and use it to wash the affected areas.
Leave Dibenzoyl peroxide on for a minute or so before you rinse it off.

Can Dibenzoyl peroxide cause problems?
Along with their useful effects, most medicines can cause unwanted side-effects although not everyone experiences them.
The table below contains some of the most common ones associated with preparations containing Dibenzoyl peroxide.
You will find a full list in the manufacturer's information leaflet supplied with your medicine.
The unwanted effects often improve as your body adjusts to the new medicine, but speak with your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following continue or become troublesome.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is used to treat mild to moderate acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide may be used in combination with other acne treatments.
When applied to the skin, Dibenzoyl peroxide works by reducing the amount of acne-causing bacteria and by causing the skin to dry and peel.

Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before.
The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients.
Also, products with similar names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes.
Taking the wrong product could harm you.

How to use Dibenzoyl peroxide Gel
Read the Patient Information Leaflet if available from your pharmacist before you start using this product and each time you get a refill.
If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Before using this product for the first time, check if you are allergic to it.
To check, put a small amount on one or two small areas of acne for three days.
If you have an allergic reaction, stop using this product and get medical help right away (see the symptoms of an allergic reaction in the Side Effects section).
If you don't have an allergic reaction, you can use the product.

There are many Dibenzoyl peroxide products available.
Many can be purchased without a prescription. Some products (such as cleansers, foam, or lotions) may require a prescription.
Consult your doctor or pharmacist on the choice of the product that is best for you.
If you are using the over-the-counter product to self-treat, read and follow all directions on the product package before using this medication.
If you have any questions, consult your pharmacist.
If your doctor has prescribed this medication, use it as directed.

Some products require shaking before use.
Check your product package to see if your form of this medication needs to be shaken.

Apply Dibenzoyl peroxide to the areas of your skin affected by acne.
Avoid getting this medication into your eyes, inside your nose or mouth, or on any areas of broken skin since it may cause irritation.
If this occurs, flush the area with plenty of water.
Dibenzoyl peroxide may bleach hair or fabrics.
Use carefully, and avoid contact with hair, clothing, and furnishings.

If using cleansers containing Dibenzoyl peroxide, wet the affected area.
Gently rub the cleanser into the skin for 10-20 seconds.
Work into a full lather and rinse thoroughly and then pat dry.
If too much drying occurs, you may need to rinse the cleanser off sooner or use it less often.
Consult your doctor or pharmacist for further details.

If you are using the liquid wash, cleansing pad, or cleanser bar, use it instead of soap once or twice a day.
Wet the skin before applying, gently work up a lather for 10 to 20 seconds, and rinse thoroughly.
Do not scrub the skin.

If using the shaving cream, first wet the area to be shaved.
Apply a small amount of the medication, gently rub into the area, and then shave.

If you are using a cream, foam, lotion, or gel, apply it to the affected area as directed, usually once or twice a day.
Before applying each dose, gently wash the affected area with a mild cleanser, then pat dry.
Apply a small amount of medicine to the affected area and rub in gently.
Some products may require rinsing off after application for a certain amount of time.
Check your product package to see if your form of this medication needs to be rinsed off.

If you are using the medicated pads or sponges, wash the affected skin with a mild cleanser, then pat dry.
Wipe the pad or sponge gently onto the skin to apply the medication, usually once or twice a day to the skin as directed.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy.
Improvement in acne is usually seen after 3 weeks of use, and maximum benefit after 8-12 weeks of use.
Do not increase your dose or use this drug more often or for longer than directed.
Your condition will not improve any faster, and your risk of side effects will increase.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is used, in particular, for external treatment of acne.
About 5% is absorbed (Leachman 2006).
To some extent, Dibenzoyl peroxide is converted to benzoic acid in the skin.

Simultaneous topical therapy with retinoids increases the absorption.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is also used in the food and plastics industries.
There are insufficient epidemiological data for a risk assessment.
Despite the broad use, there are no indications of any teratogenic effects.

Most people with acne are aged between 12 and 25, but some older and younger people are affected too.
Small sebaceous glands lie just under your skin surface and make an oil (sebum) that keeps your skin supple and smooth.
Tiny pores on your skin allow the sebum to come on to the surface of your skin.
In acne, some of these pores become blocked, causing small pimples, blackheads and whiteheads.

Dibenzoyl peroxide has three actions - it kills germs (bacteria), it reduces inflammation and it helps to unplug blocked pores.
You can buy Dibenzoyl peroxide without a prescription at a pharmacy.
Dibenzoyl peroxide comes in different brand names and strengths - there is a 2.5%, 4%, 5% and 10% strength.

Dibenzoyl peroxide is also available in combination preparations used for acne.
Dibenzoyl peroxide can be combined with an antibiotic called clindamycin, or with another medicine used for acne, called adapalene (brand name Epiduo®).
Both of these preparations need to be prescribed by a doctor, and should be used as directed by the doctor.

Before using Dibenzoyl peroxide:
To make sure that this is the right treatment for you, before you start using Dibenzoyl peroxide it is important that your doctor or pharmacist knows:

If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, although Dibenzoyl peroxide is not known to be harmful in pregnancy.
If you are taking any medicines, or using any other skin preparations.
This includes any which are available to buy without a prescription, as well as herbal and complementary medicines.
If you have ever had an allergic reaction to a skin product.

IUPAC NAMES:
AKPEROX BP75 POWDER
benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate
Dibenzoyl peroxide
benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO)
Benzoyl Peroxide (wetted with ca. 25% Water)
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl Peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide (upper limit: 77% w/w; typical concentration: 75% w/w)
dibenzoyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoylperoxide
diphenylperoxyanhydride
LUPEROX A75
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Peroxide, dibenzoyl


SYNOYNMS:
Benzoyl peroxide Manufacturer
Luperox A98, Benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide[51% < content ≤100%, inert solid content ≤48%]
Benzoyl peroxide[35% < content ≤52%, inert solid content ≥48%]
Benzoyl peroxide[36% < content ≤42%, type A diluent ≥18%, water content ≤40%]
Benzoyl peroxide[77% < content ≤94%, water content ≥6%]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤42%, stable dispersion in water]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤62%, inert solid content ≥28%, water content ≥10%]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤77%, water content ≥23%]
Benzoyl peroxide[paste,52% < content ≤62%]
Benzoyl peroxide[paste, no more than 52%]
Benzoyl peroxide[paste, content ≤56.5%, water content ≥15%]
Benzoyl peroxide[content ≤35%, inert solids ≥65%]
BENZOYL PEROXIDE(BPO)
Benzaknen
Benzaknew
Benzamycin
Benzoic acid, peroxide
Luperco A
Luperco AC
Luperco AFR
Luperco AFR-250
Luperco AST
lupercoaa
lupercoast
Luperox fl
luperoxfl
Luzidol
Mixture of dibenzoyl peroxide and calcium sulfate
Mytolac
NA 2085
Nayper B and bo
Nayper BO
nayperbandbo
nayperbo
Nericur
Nericur Gel 5
Norox bzp-250
Norox bzp-C-35
noroxbzp-250
noroxbzp-c-35
Novadeiox
Novadelox
NSC-675
Oxy 5
OXY WASH
OXY-10
oxy-10cover
oxy-5
Oxy-L
Oxylite
Panoxyl
Periygel
Perossido di benzoile
perossidodibenzoile
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Peroxide,dibenzoyl
Peroxyde de benzoyle

Regulatory process names:
Benzoyl peroxide
benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide

Translated names:
bensoylperoxid (sv)
bensoüülperoksiid (et)
bentsoyyliperoksidi (fi)
benzoil peroksid (hr)
benzoil peroksid (sl)
benzoil-peroxid (hu)
benzoile perossido (it)
benzoilperoksidas (lt)
benzoilperoksīds (lv)
benzoylperoksid (no)
benzoylperoxid (da)
Benzoylperoxid (de)
benzoylperoxid (sk)
benzoylperoxide (nl)
dibensoylperoxid (sv)
dibensoüülperoksiid (et)
Dibentsoyyliperoksidi (fi)
dibenzoil peroksid (hr)
dibenzoil peroksid (sl)
dibenzoil-peroxid (hu)
Dibenzoilperoksidas (lt)
dibenzoilperoksīds (lv)
dibenzoylperoksid (no)
dibenzoylperoxid (cs)
dibenzoylperoxid (da)
Dibenzoylperoxid (de)
dibenzoylperoxid (sk)
dibenzoylperoxide (nl)
nadtlenek benzoilowy (pl)
nadtlenek dibenzoilowy (pl)
perossido di dibenzoile (it)
peroxid de benzoil (mt)
peroxid de benzoil (ro)
peroxid de dibenzoil (mt)
peroxid de dibenzoil (ro)
peroxyde de benzoyle (fr)
peroxyde de dibenzoyle;peroxyde de benzoyle (fr)
peróxido de benzoílo (es)
peróxido de benzoílo (pt)
peróxido de dibenzoílo (es)
peróxido de dibenzoílo (pt)
Ββενζοϋλυπεροξείδιο (el)
Δδιβενζοϋλυπεροξείδιο (el)
бензоил пероксид (bg)
дибензоил пероксид (bg)

CAS names:
Methanone, 1,1'-dioxybis[1-phenyl-

IUPAC names:
benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate
BENZOYL PEROXIDE
Benzoyl peroxide
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO)
Benzoyl Peroxide (wetted with ca. 25% Water)
DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoyl Peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide (upper limit: 77% w/w; typical concentration: 75% w/w)
dibenzoyl peroxide; benzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoylperoxide
diphenylperoxyanhydride
LUPEROX A75
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Peroxide, dibenzoyl

Trade names:
Benzoic acid, peroxide
Benzoperoxide
Benzoyl peroxide, remainder water
Benzoyl Superoxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
dibenzoyl peroxide
NOVIPER BP
Perkadox L-W75

Other identifiers:
117989-71-6
117989-71-6
132323-44-5
132323-44-5
143928-58-9
143928-58-9
37370-29-9
37370-29-9
617-008-00-0
94-36-0

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.


CAS Number, 94-36-0
EC number, 202-327-6
Chemical Formula: C14H10O4
Molecular Weight: 242.23


SYNONYMS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
benzoperoxide, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide), BPO PEROXAN BP,DBP,Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide),Benzac,Clearasil,Panoxyl,Perkadox, Peroxide, dibenzoyl; Acetoxyl; Akneroxid 5; Asidopan; Benoxyl; Benzac; Benzoic acid, peroxide; Benzol peroxide; Benzoperoxide; Benzoyl superoxide; Benzoylperoxid; Benzoyl peroxyde;Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide); Dibenzoylperoxid; Dibenzoylperoxyde; Diphenylglyoxal peroxide; Dry and Clear; Duresthin 5; Eloxyl; Epi-Clear; G20; Lucidol; Lucidol B 50; Lucidol G 20; Luperco AST; Mytolac; Nayper BO; Oxy 5; Oxylite; Panoxyl; Perossido di benzoile; Peroxyde de benzoyle; Persa-Gel; Persadox; Resdan Akne; Theraderm; Acnegel; Aztec BPO; Benzaknew; BZF-60; Cadet; Cadox; Cadox BS; Clearasil Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) lotion; Clearasil BP acne treatment; Cuticura acne cream; Debroxide; Fostex; Garox; Incidol; Loroxide; Luperco; Luperox FL; NA 2085 (DOT); Nayper B and BO; Norox bzp-250; Norox bzp-C-35; Novadelox; OXY-10; OXY WASH; Quinolor compound; Superox; Topex; UN 2085 (DOT); UN 2086; UN 2088; Vanoxide; Xerac; Acne-Aid Cream; Benzac W; Clear By Design; Abcure S-40-25; Akneroxid L; Akneroxide L; Benzagel 10; Benzaknen; BPO; Brevoxyl; Cadet BPO 78W; Cadox 40E; Dermoxyl; Desanden; Lucidol 78; Lucidol 75FP; Luzidol; Nericur; NSC 675; Oxy-L; Peroxyderm; Peroxydex; Preoxydex; Sanoxit; Xerac BP 10; Xerac BP 5; Triaz; Perkadox 20S; Cadox B; Desquam E; Lucidol (peroxide); Luperco AA; Nyper B; Nyper BMT; W 75



Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is primarily used in the manufacture of polymers, as a polymerisation initiator.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can also be used in other applications: as an oxidant in anti-acne formulations, as a hardener/cross-linking agent (in production of unsaturated polyester resins and silicone rubbers) and as a bleaching agent.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is in the form of white powder or paste with a molecular mass of 242 g/mol.
This material is available as a 75% pure powder for polymerization applications or as a 55% paste.
The percentage of active oxygen for this material should be at least 4.9%.

The half-life time of this substance in chlorobenzene is 10 hours at 71°C and 1 hour at 91°C.
Its bulk density at 20 degrees Celsius is 500 kg/m3.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) like other peroxide compounds starts to decompose at a temperature above 20 degrees Celsius.
Its storage time is a maximum of 6 months.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is mainly used in production of plastics[5] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles.
As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

As a medication, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
In 2021, it was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions



STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE)
Structure of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) from X-ray crystallography.
The O=C-O-O dihedral angle is 90°.
The O-O distance is 1.434 Å.

The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide,[15] a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2
The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.

The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is one hour at 92 °C. At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.


In 1901, J. H. Kastle and his graduate student A. S. Loevenhart observed that the compound made the tincture of guaiacum tincture turn blue, a sign of oxygen being released.
Around 1905, Loevenhart reported on the successful use of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) to treat various skin conditions, including burns, chronic varicose leg tumors, and tinea sycosis.
He also reported animal experiments that showed the relatively low toxicity of the compound.


Treatment with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) was proposed for wounds by Lyon and Reynolds in 1929, and for sycosis vulgaris and acne varioliformis by Peck and Chagrin in 1934.
However, preparations were often of questionable quality.
It was officially approved for the treatment of acne in the US in 1960.

Polymerization:
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is mainly used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions,[4] such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

USES OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
Tube of a water-based 5% Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) preparation for the treatment of acne
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is effective for treating acne lesions.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) does not induce antibiotic resistance.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)/clindamycin and adapalene/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide), adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)[26] unlike tezarotene and tretinoin.
Combination products such as Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)/clindamycin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) alone for the treatment of acne lesions.

The combination tretinoin/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) are more effective than lower concentrations.


Mechanism of action:
Classically, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
It is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.

In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.

The free-radical reaction of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
It can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal,[6] and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.

Some evidence suggests that Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations it prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne



APPLICATIONS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE)
For some special applications it is desirable to use a dry Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) powder as a catalyst.
For these cases the Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) formulation Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) was introduced, which is a mixture of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) and filler.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can be handled very easily and without risk.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) contains no plasticizer and is lower concentrated than the usual Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) formulations, which makes dosing easier.
One of the most important applications for Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is as a catalyst for putties based on unsaturated polyester resins.
A putty containing an accelerated polyester resin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) cures rapidly so that after a short time the surface can be sanded and polished


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) is primarily used as a radical initiator to induce polymerisation (free radical polymerisation process), for the manufacture of e.g. expandible polystyrene in suspension, acrylics polymers (for road marking paints).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) can also be used in other applications, in production, as an oxidant in anti-acne formulation, as a hardener of unsaturated polyester resins, as a cross-linking agent for the production of and silicone rubbers, and as a bleaching agent.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)s are used to harden the resin in hot mold.
It is applied alone at high temperatures and with accelerators at room temperature.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide) paste;It is used together with marble adhesives in the hardening of polyester repair pastes used in automotive parts repair at ambient temperature.
• Styrene polymerization
• Acne treatment
• Copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate
• Paint and resin industries
• Polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate
• Bleaching agent in various industries


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
Formula, C14H10O4
Molar mass, 242.230 g•mol−1
3D model (JSmol), Interactive image
Density, 1.334 g/cm3
Melting point, 103 to 105 °C (217 to 221 °F) decomposes
Solubility in water, poor mg/mL (20 °C)
Chemical family
Organic peroxide
CAS number
94-36-0
Physical form
Powder
Regional availability
Africa, Asia Pacific, China, Europe, India, Middle East
Chemical name
DiDibenzoyl Peroxide (Benzoyl Peroxide)
Appearance, white powder or doughy
SADT, 80 °C
AppeThe maximum storage temperaturearance, ≤ 20 °C
Active oxygen, 4.9 wt.%
Physical state Solid at ambient temperature, low dustiness (wet powder)
Form White powder, moist
Colour White
Odour Slightly benzaldehyde-like
Density 1.33 g/cm3 at 20°C
Melting point 103-108°C at 1013 hPa
Explosive properties The pure substance is explosive
Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) 65°C
Vapour pressure 9.07.10-5 hPa (at 25°C) (by calculation)
Mol weight 242.23 g/mol
Water solubility 0.35 mg/L at 20ºC Octanol-water partition coefficient (LogKow) 3.2 at 20°C
Appearance, White granular powder
Assay, 48.0 – 51.0 %
Acidity (as COOH), ≤0.50 %
Cl, ≤0.40 %
(In)organic hydrolysable Cl, ≤0.50 %
Water, ≤1.00 %
Molecular formula, C14H10O4
Molecular weight, 242.23 g/mol
Smiles notation, O=C(OOC(=O)c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
InChi key, OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYAV
Flash point, Not applicable
Flammability, Highly flammable
Melting point, 103 – 105 20 °C @ 1.013 hPa
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 3.43 @ 20 °C
Relative density, 1.33 @ 25 °C
Solubility in water, Slightly soluble (9 .1 mg/l) @ 25 °C
Vapour pressure, < 1mm Hg @ 20 °C



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (BENZOYL PEROXIDE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is an oxidizer, which is principally used as in the production of polymers.


CAS Number, 94-36-0
EC number, 202-327-6
Chemical Formula: C14H10O4
Molecular Weight: 242.23


SYNONYMS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
benzoperoxide, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO), BPO PEROXAN BP,DBP,Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO),Benzac,Clearasil,Panoxyl,Perkadox, Peroxide, dibenzoyl; Acetoxyl; Akneroxid 5; Asidopan; Benoxyl; Benzac; Benzoic acid, peroxide; Benzol peroxide; Benzoperoxide; Benzoyl superoxide; Benzoylperoxid; Benzoyl peroxyde;Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO); Dibenzoylperoxid; Dibenzoylperoxyde; Diphenylglyoxal peroxide; Dry and Clear; Duresthin 5; Eloxyl; Epi-Clear; G20; Lucidol; Lucidol B 50; Lucidol G 20; Luperco AST; Mytolac; Nayper BO; Oxy 5; Oxylite; Panoxyl; Perossido di benzoile; Peroxyde de benzoyle; Persa-Gel; Persadox; Resdan Akne; Theraderm; Acnegel; Aztec BPO; Benzaknew; BZF-60; Cadet; Cadox; Cadox BS; Clearasil Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) lotion; Clearasil BP acne treatment; Cuticura acne cream; Debroxide; Fostex; Garox; Incidol; Loroxide; Luperco; Luperox FL; NA 2085 (DOT); Nayper B and BO; Norox bzp-250; Norox bzp-C-35; Novadelox; OXY-10; OXY WASH; Quinolor compound; Superox; Topex; UN 2085 (DOT); UN 2086; UN 2088; Vanoxide; Xerac; Acne-Aid Cream; Benzac W; Clear By Design; Abcure S-40-25; Akneroxid L; Akneroxide L; Benzagel 10; Benzaknen; BPO; Brevoxyl; Cadet BPO 78W; Cadox 40E; Dermoxyl; Desanden; Lucidol 78; Lucidol 75FP; Luzidol; Nericur; NSC 675; Oxy-L; Peroxyderm; Peroxydex; Preoxydex; Sanoxit; Xerac BP 10; Xerac BP 5; Triaz; Perkadox 20S; Cadox B; Desquam E; Lucidol (peroxide); Luperco AA; Nyper B; Nyper BMT; W 75



Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is primarily used in the manufacture of polymers, as a polymerisation initiator.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can also be used in other applications: as an oxidant in anti-acne formulations, as a hardener/cross-linking agent (in production of unsaturated polyester resins and silicone rubbers) and as a bleaching agent.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is in the form of white powder or paste with a molecular mass of 242 g/mol.
This material is available as a 75% pure powder for polymerization applications or as a 55% paste.
The percentage of active oxygen for this material should be at least 4.9%.

The half-life time of this substance in chlorobenzene is 10 hours at 71°C and 1 hour at 91°C.
Its bulk density at 20 degrees Celsius is 500 kg/m3.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) like other peroxide compounds starts to decompose at a temperature above 20 degrees Celsius.
Its storage time is a maximum of 6 months.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is mainly used in production of plastics[5] and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles.
As a bleach, it has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.

As a medication, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
In 2021, it was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions



STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO)
Structure of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) from X-ray crystallography.
The O=C-O-O dihedral angle is 90°.
The O-O distance is 1.434 Å.

The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted benzoyl chloride with barium peroxide,[15] a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O

The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2
The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.

The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is one hour at 92 °C. At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.


In 1901, J. H. Kastle and his graduate student A. S. Loevenhart observed that the compound made the tincture of guaiacum tincture turn blue, a sign of oxygen being released.
Around 1905, Loevenhart reported on the successful use of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) to treat various skin conditions, including burns, chronic varicose leg tumors, and tinea sycosis.
He also reported animal experiments that showed the relatively low toxicity of the compound.


Treatment with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) was proposed for wounds by Lyon and Reynolds in 1929, and for sycosis vulgaris and acne varioliformis by Peck and Chagrin in 1934.
However, preparations were often of questionable quality.
It was officially approved for the treatment of acne in the US in 1960.

Polymerization:
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is mainly used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions,[4] such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.

USES OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
Tube of a water-based 5% Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) preparation for the treatment of acne
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is effective for treating acne lesions.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) does not induce antibiotic resistance.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)/clindamycin and adapalene/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO), adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)[26] unlike tezarotene and tretinoin.
Combination products such as Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)/clindamycin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) alone for the treatment of acne lesions.

The combination tretinoin/Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) are more effective than lower concentrations.


Mechanism of action:
Classically, Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
It is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.

In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.

The free-radical reaction of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
It can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal,[6] and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.

Some evidence suggests that Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations it prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne



APPLICATIONS OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO)
For some special applications it is desirable to use a dry Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) powder as a catalyst.
For these cases the Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) formulation Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) was introduced, which is a mixture of Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) and filler.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can be handled very easily and without risk.

Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) contains no plasticizer and is lower concentrated than the usual Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) formulations, which makes dosing easier.
One of the most important applications for Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is as a catalyst for putties based on unsaturated polyester resins.
A putty containing an accelerated polyester resin and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) cures rapidly so that after a short time the surface can be sanded and polished


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) is primarily used as a radical initiator to induce polymerisation (free radical polymerisation process), for the manufacture of e.g. expandible polystyrene in suspension, acrylics polymers (for road marking paints).
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) can also be used in other applications, in production, as an oxidant in anti-acne formulation, as a hardener of unsaturated polyester resins, as a cross-linking agent for the production of and silicone rubbers, and as a bleaching agent.


Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)s are used to harden the resin in hot mold.
It is applied alone at high temperatures and with accelerators at room temperature.
Dibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO) paste;It is used together with marble adhesives in the hardening of polyester repair pastes used in automotive parts repair at ambient temperature.
• Styrene polymerization
• Acne treatment
• Copolymerization of acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate
• Paint and resin industries
• Polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate
• Bleaching agent in various industries


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL OF DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
Formula, C14H10O4
Molar mass, 242.230 g•mol−1
3D model (JSmol), Interactive image
Density, 1.334 g/cm3
Melting point, 103 to 105 °C (217 to 221 °F) decomposes
Solubility in water, poor mg/mL (20 °C)
Chemical family
Organic peroxide
CAS number
94-36-0
Physical form
Powder
Regional availability
Africa, Asia Pacific, China, Europe, India, Middle East
Chemical name
DiDibenzoyl Peroxide (DBPO)
Appearance, white powder or doughy
SADT, 80 °C
AppeThe maximum storage temperaturearance, ≤ 20 °C
Active oxygen, 4.9 wt.%
Physical state Solid at ambient temperature, low dustiness (wet powder)
Form White powder, moist
Colour White
Odour Slightly benzaldehyde-like
Density 1.33 g/cm3 at 20°C
Melting point 103-108°C at 1013 hPa
Explosive properties The pure substance is explosive
Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) 65°C
Vapour pressure 9.07.10-5 hPa (at 25°C) (by calculation)
Mol weight 242.23 g/mol
Water solubility 0.35 mg/L at 20ºC Octanol-water partition coefficient (LogKow) 3.2 at 20°C
Appearance, White granular powder
Assay, 48.0 – 51.0 %
Acidity (as COOH), ≤0.50 %
Cl, ≤0.40 %
(In)organic hydrolysable Cl, ≤0.50 %
Water, ≤1.00 %
Molecular formula, C14H10O4
Molecular weight, 242.23 g/mol
Smiles notation, O=C(OOC(=O)c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
InChi key, OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYAV
Flash point, Not applicable
Flammability, Highly flammable
Melting point, 103 – 105 20 °C @ 1.013 hPa
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 3.43 @ 20 °C
Relative density, 1.33 @ 25 °C
Solubility in water, Slightly soluble (9 .1 mg/l) @ 25 °C
Vapour pressure, < 1mm Hg @ 20 °C



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBENZOYL PEROXIDE (DBPO):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

Adipic acid dibutyl ester; Dibutyl hexanedioate; Hexanedioic Acid, Dibutyl Ester; Di-n-butyl Adipate; Dibutyl Adipate; Dibutyl Adipinate; Dibutyl Hexanedioate; cas no: 105-99-7

Dibenzyl ether is an organic compound with the formula C14H14O.
Dibenzyl ether belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).


CAS Number: 103-50-4
EC Number: 203-118-2
MDL Number: MFCD00004780
Chemical formula: C14H14O


Dibenzyl ether is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.
Dibenzyl ether is produced by treating benzyl chloride with a base.
Dibenzyl ether, also known as benzyl oxide or fema 2371, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.


These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).
Dibenzyl ether is a sweet, almond, and cherry tasting compound.
Dibenzyl ether has been detected, but not quantified, in dills.


This could make Dibenzyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Dibenzyl ether is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl ether is a liquid, Colourless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma.


Dibenzyl ether is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl ether is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl ether has a role as a metabolite.


Dibenzyl ether belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).
Dibenzyl ether is a sweet, almond, and cherry tasting compound.


Dibenzyl ether has been detected, but not quantified in, dills (Anethum graveolens).
This could make Dibenzyl ether a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Dibenzyl ether is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2O.


Dibenzyl ether is prepared by treating benzyl chloride with base.
Dibenzyl ether is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl ether is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.


Dibenzyl ether has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl ether is a natural product found in Uvaria chamae with data available.
Dibenzyl ether is not miscible or difficult to mix in water.


Dibenzyl ether is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and acetone.
Dibenzyl ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 tonnes per annum.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIBENZYL ETHER:
Release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Dibenzyl ether is used in the following products: polymers.
Dibenzyl ether has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


Dibenzyl ether is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Dibenzyl ether is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, plastic products, rubber products and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Dibenzyl ether is used as flavor and fragrance.
Dibenzyl ether is also used as solvent for resins, rubber, wax, artificial musk.


Dibenzyl ether is used as a synthetic flavoring ingredient, a plasticizer for synthetic rubber, a plasticizer for nitrocellulose, and a solvent in perfumery.
Dibenzyl ether is used Chemical synthesis, Manufacturing of fragances, Manufacturing of rubber, latex, Plasticizers for polymers, and Polymer auxiliaries.


A colorless, nearly odorless oil, the main use of Dibenzyl ether is as a plasticizer.
Dibenzyl ether is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Dibenzyl ether is used in the following products: air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.


Other release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).


Dibenzyl ether can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).
Other release to the environment of Dibenzyl ether is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Cosmetic Uses: perfuming agents


Dibenzyl ether is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.
A colorless, nearly odorless oil, Dibenzyl ether's main use is as a plasticizer.
Dibenzyl ether (CAS# 103-50-4) is most commonly used as a plasticizer and is very effective in the use of hyperbranched polymers.
Dibenzyl ether is used as an effective GFP-friendly tissue clearing medium for mouse brains.


Dibenzyl ether is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl ether is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER:
*Dialkyl ethers
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER:
*Benzylether
*Ether
*Dialkyl ether
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
Molecular Weight: 198.26 g/mol
XLogP3: 3.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 15
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 137
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Beilstein Number: 1911156
MDL: MFCD00004780
CoE Number: 11856
XlogP3: 3.30 (est)
Molecular Weight: 198.26478000

Formula: C14 H14 O
IUPAC Name: phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Molecular Formula: C14H14O
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC2=CC=CC=C2
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChIKey: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 298 ℃
Melting Point: 1.5-3.5°C
Flash Point: 135°C
Density: 1.04 g/cm3
Solubility: water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Appearance: Colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Storage: Sealed in dry, Room Temperature
Assay: 0.99
EINECS: 203-118-2
Log P: 3.40340
MDL: MFCD00004780
Refractive Index: 1.561-1.563
Stability: Stable.
Vapor Pressure:1 mmHg at 77 °F ; 4 mmHg at 122 °F; 31 mmHg at 203 °F
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00

Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.646 to 8.687
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 295.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 6.8 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC ( 135.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.310
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Stability: cream, lipstick, non-discoloring in most media, shampoo, soap
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: fruity
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 1,5 - 3,5 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 298 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 137 °C
Autoignition temperature: No data available

Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 3,71 mPa.s at 35 °C
Water solubility: 0,042 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 3,31 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,043 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting Point: 3°C to 4°C
Density: 1.04
Boiling Point: 298°C
Flash Point: 135°C (275°F)
Refractive Index: 1.562
UN Number: UN3082
Beilstein: 1911156
Merck Index: 14,1132

Solubility Information: Not miscible or difficult to mix in water.
Miscible with ethanol,ether,chloroform and acetone.
Formula Weight: 198.27
Percent Purity: ≥98%
Chemical Name or Material: Dibenzyl ether
Density: 1.043 (204 c)
Practically Insoluble: in water
Specific gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 297.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
logP (o/w): 3.31
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00 %
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mm/Hg @ 25.00 °C
Odor: sweet fruity cherry earthy mushroom rose plastic
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Density: 6.8
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC
Odor Type: earthy
Molecular weight: 198.28
Color: colorless to pale yellow unstable liquid
Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Colourless
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (GC): min.97%

Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 1.041-1.043
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.561-1.563
Molecular Weight： 198.26
Exact Mass： 198.26
BRN： 1911156
EC Number： 203-118-2
UNII： 2O6CNO27RJ
NSC Number： 5931
DSSTox ID： DTXSID5025819
Color/Form： COLORLESS LIQUID|VERY PALE YELLOW
HScode 2909309090
PSA： 9.2
XLogP3： 3.3
Appearance： Clear colorless to pale yellow Liquid
Density： 0.99735 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point： 3.6 °C
Boiling Point： 298 °C
Flash Point： 275 °F
Refractive Index： 1.569
Water Solubility： H2O: insoluble
Storage Conditions： Store below +30°C.
Vapor Pressure： 1.03X10-3 mm Hg @ 25 deg C
Vapor Density： 6.84 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
Odor： FAINT, ALMOND ODOR
Taste： MUSHROOM TASTE

Experimental Properties：
Liquid molar volume = 0.190344 cu m/kmol
Air and Water Reactions：
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.
Insoluble in water.
Reactive Group： Ethers
Reactivity Alerts Peroxidizable Compound
Water Solubility: 0.0065 g/L
logP: 3.42
logP: 3.57
logS: -4.5
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 9.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 62.24 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.89 ų
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filte: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C14H14O
IUPAC name: [(benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChI Key: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: C(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 198.2604
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 198.10446507



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
-Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIBENZYL ETHER:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]dibenzene
Benzyl ether
DIBENZYL ETHER
103-50-4
Dibenzylether
Benzyl oxide
(Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene
Plastikator BA
BA (plasticizer)
phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
Ether, dibenzyl
Plasticator BA
Dibenzylether [Czech]
Benzyl oxide [Czech]
FEMA No. 2371
FEMA Number 2371
Benzene, 1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-
1,1-Oxybismethylene, bis benzene
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
1,1-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene
1,1-Oxybis methylene, bis benzene
BA (VAN)
CCRIS 6085
Benzene, 1,1'-(oxybis(methylene))bis-
HSDB 6030
Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis(methylene-
1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]dibenzene
NSC 5931
EINECS 203-118-2
1,1'-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene
UNII-2O6CNO27RJ
BRN 1911156
2O6CNO27RJ
AI3-02269
DTXSID5025819
CHEBI:87411
NSC-5931
benzylether
EC 203-118-2
4-06-00-02240 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
dibenzyl ester
ther de benzyle
?Benzyl ether
mono-benzyl ether
Benzyl ether, 8CI
ETHER,DIBENZYL
Benzyl ether, 98%
Bn2O
Tribenoside impurity D
DBN (CHRIS Code)
oxybis(methylene)dibenzene
BENZYL ETHER [MI]
phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene
WLN: R1O1R
SCHEMBL27380
DIBENZYL ETHER [FCC]
MLS001050086
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene #
BIDD:ER0268
DIBENZYL ETHER [FHFI]
DIBENZYL ETHER [HSDB]
CHEMBL152299
DTXCID005819
FEMA 2371
NSC5931
Dibenzyl ether, analytical standard
Tox21_200903
Benzene,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-
Benzyl ether, >=98%, FCC, FG
Ethyl?benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate
LS-363
MFCD00004780
1-benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether)
AKOS015914994
CS-W010535
NCGC00091363-01
NCGC00091363-02
NCGC00258457-01
BS-14196
CAS-103-50-4
SMR001216521
Dibenzyl ether, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9CI
B0418
FT-0624653
TRIBENOSIDE IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY]
A800755
Q-200956
Q11309584
Tribenoside impurity D, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
InChI=1/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H
Benzene,1,1′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-
Benzyl ether
1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[benzene]
Benzyl oxide
Dibenzyl ether
Plastikator BA
BA (plasticizer)
BA
NSC 5931
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
(Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9ci
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9CI
1-Benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether)
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
Benzyl ether, 8ci
Benzyl ether, 8CI
Benzyl oxide
Dibenzylether
FEMA 2371
Phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene
[(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
1-Benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether)
1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9ci
Benzyl ether, 8ci
Benzyl oxide
Dibenzylether
FEMA 2371
Phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene
Dibenzylether
Dibenzyloxide
Di-(phenylmethyl)-ether
1,1'-(Oxybis-methylene)bis-benzene

Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.


CAS Number: 103-50-4
EC Number: 203-118-2
MDL Number: MFCD00004780
Linear Formula: (C6H5CH2)2O
Chemical formula: C14H14O



Benzyl ether, Benzyl ether, DIBENZYL ETHER, 103-50-4, Dibenzylether, Benzyl oxide, (Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene, Plastikator BA, BA (plasticizer), Phenylmethoxymethylbenzene, FEMA No. 2371, Benzene, 1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, 1,1-Oxybismethylene, bis benzene, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene, 1,1-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene, 1,1-Oxybis methylene, bis benzene, Benzene, 1,1'-(oxybis(methylene))bis-, Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis(methylene-, 1,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]dibenzene, 2O6CNO27RJ, DTXSID5025819, CHEBI:87411, NSC-5931, Benzylether, Ether, dibenzyl, Plasticator BA, FEMA Number 2371, BA (VAN), CCRIS 6085, HSDB 6030, NSC 5931, EINECS 203-118-2, 1,1'-(Oxybis(methylene))bisbenzene, UNII-2O6CNO27RJ, BRN 1911156, dibenzyl ester, AI3-02269, ?Benzyl ether, mono-benzyl ether, Benzyl ether, 8CI, ETHER,DIBENZYL, Benzyl ether, 98%, Bn2O, Tribenoside impurity D, oxybis(methylene)dibenzene, BENZYL ETHER [MI], EC 203-118-2, phenylmethoxy-methyl-benzene, WLN: R1O1R, SCHEMBL27380, DIBENZYL ETHER [FCC], 4-06-00-02240 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS001050086, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene #, BIDD:ER0268, DIBENZYL ETHER [FHFI], DIBENZYL ETHER [HSDB], CHEMBL152299, DTXCID005819, FEMA 2371, NSC5931, Dibenzyl ether, analytical standard, Tox21_200903, Benzene,1'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, Benzyl ether, >=98%, FCC, FG, Ethyl?benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate, MFCD00004780, 1-benzyloxymethylbenzene(benzyl ether), AKOS015914994, CS-W010535, NCGC00091363-01, NCGC00091363-02, NCGC00258457-01, BS-14196, CAS-103-50-4, SMR001216521, Dibenzyl ether, purum, >=98.0% (GC), 1,1'-[Oxybis(methylene)]bisbenzene, 9CI, B0418, FT-0624653, TRIBENOSIDE IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY], A800755, Q-200956, Q11309584, Tribenoside impurity D, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H, DIBENZYL ETHER, (Oxybis(Methylene))dibenzene, FEMA 2371, benzyloxide, Benzyl oxide, BENZYL ETHER, ibenzylether, Dibenzylather, Dibenzyl ethe, plasticatorba, Benzene,1,1′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, Benzyl ether, 1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[benzene], Benzyl oxide, Dibenzyl ether, Plastikator BA, BA (plasticizer), BA, NSC 5931, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene, (Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene, Benzene, 1,1′-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-, Benzyl ether, 1,1′-[Oxybis(methylene)]bis[benzene], Benzyl oxide, Dibenzyl ether, Plastikator BA, BA (plasticizer), BA, NSC 5931, [(Benzyloxy)methyl]benzene, (Oxybis(methylene))dibenzene,



A colorless, nearly odorless oil, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s main use is as a plasticizer.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is prepared by treating benzyl chloride with base.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl ether is a natural product found in Uvaria chamae with data available.


Dibenzyl ether is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol.
A colorless, nearly odorless oil, the main use of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is as a plasticizer.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is produced by treating benzyl chloride with a base.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a polymer that has been used as an additive in pharmaceutical preparations.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been shown to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules and to be soluble in polyvinyl chloride.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also able to bind metal ions such as potassium and pyridoxine hydrochloride.
Store Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) away from oxidizing agents and light.
Keep Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) the container tightly closed and place it in a cool, dry and well ventilated condition.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE), also known as dibenzyl ether, is a chemical compound.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint aromatic odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s chemical structure consists of two benzyl groups (-C6H5CH2-) attached to an oxygen atom.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C14H14O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a hydrophobic ether compound with a chemical formula of C14H14O.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, floral odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor., Colorless, unstable liquid.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is immiscible or difficult to mix in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has liquid a colorless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is colorless liquid with a mild odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is insoluble in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of ethers.
Dibenzyl ether (DBE) is a hydrophobic ether compound with a chemical formula of C14H14O.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, floral odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a highly reactive chemical and is widely used as a reagent for organic synthesis and in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is immiscible or difficult to mix in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is liquid, Colourless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a slightly earthy, mushroom-like odor with a rosy undertone.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a clear, almost colorless liquid.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is miscible with alcohols and ethers, but insoluble in water.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is insoluble in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of ethers.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been shown to inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes and it is used in wastewater treatment for the removal of methyl glycosides.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has also been shown to have biological properties when tested on human serum, as well as on benzyl and dibenzyl.
In a reaction solution, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) can react with anhydrous sodium (NaOH) to form NaDBE and hydrogen gas (H2).
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a hydrophobic ether compound.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) presents as a colorless, volatile liquid with a pleasant floral odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is highly reactive and finds extensive usage as a reagent in organic synthesis.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) serves as a valuable solvent in polymer, plastic, and coating manufacturing processes, and it can also function as a fuel in specific applications.


The mechanism of action of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) can be attributed to its propensity to form robust hydrogen bonds with other molecules.
These hydrogen bonds, characterized by their strength, enable Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) to act as a catalyst in specific reactions.
In addition to its application in the fragrance industry, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s versatile nature allows it to serve as a key ingredient in the production of resins, plastics, and polymers.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s molecular structure and functional groups make it a valuable component in a wide range of chemical reactions.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is soluble in alcohol and ether, providing easy integration into formulations with these solvents.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s compatibility with commonly used solvents allows for smooth blending and enhances its versatility in different applications.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) exhibits a boiling point of 297-298 °C and a low melting point of -24.5 °C.
These physical properties facilitate Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s handling and usage in various industrial processes.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s density of 1.046 g/mL at 25 °C and refractive index of n20/D 1.548 further contribute to its desirable application characteristics.
These properties of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) assist in accurate measurements and formulation adjustments during the production process.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.|Liquid|Colourless liquid, slightly mushroom aroma


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a benzyl ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two benzyl groups.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a role as a metabolite.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a sweet, almond, and cherry tasting compound.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been detected, but not quantified in, dills (Anethum graveolens).
This could make Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Dibenzyl ether.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzylethers.
These are aromatic ethers with the general formula ROCR' (R = alkyl, aryl; R'=benzene).



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used for the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations by gravimetric analysis.
The molecular weight of Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) can be determined by measuring the increase in weight of the polymer after exposure to hydrogen plasma.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been found to have a low degree of splay and good solubility properties.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor and is commonly used as a solvent, plasticizer, and intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential biological activity and applications in various fields.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is utilized as a solvent for various reactions in organic synthesis.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) serves as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and other chemicals.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as special solvent and delustering agent for textiles.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used plasticizer for nitrocellulose; solvent in perfumery.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also employed as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and synthetic rubber, a solvent in perfumery, and a flavoring agent in chewing gums and baked goods.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) was used in a study to develop a detailed protocol for performing 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs and its application to various microscopy techniques.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a highly reactive chemical and is widely used as a reagent for organic synthesis and in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a solvent in the production of polymers, plastics, and coatings.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a fuel in some applications.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)is most commonly used as a plasticizer and is very effective in the use of hyperbranched polymers.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has been shown to inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes and it is used in wastewater treatment for the removal of methyl glycosides.
Dibenzyl ether has also been shown to have biological properties when tested on human serum, as well as on benzyl and dibenzyl.


In a reaction solution, Dibenzyl ether can react with anhydrous sodium (NaOH) to form NaDBE and hydrogen gas (H2).
X-ray diffraction data shows that Dibenzyl ether contains nitrogen atoms.
Structural analysis reveals that the molecule consists of two benzene rings connected by two ethylene bridges.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is most commonly used as a plasticizer and is very effective in the use of hyperbranched polymers.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a solvent in the production of polymers, plastics, and coatings.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is also used as a fuel in some applications.


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as special solvent and delustering agent for textiles.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used plasticizer for nitrocellulose; solvent in perfumery.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) and is widely used in the production of fragrances, perfumes, and personal care products due to its pleasant aromatic odor.


With its aromatic fragrance, Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) finds extensive use in the production of perfumes, colognes, and other personal care products.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE)'s unique scent contributes to the overall appeal, providing a pleasing sensory experience to the users.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate


Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as a solvent for resins, rubbers, waxes, and artificial musk
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is applied to daily fragrance and food flavor.



FEATURES OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a high boiling point (around 303°C), making it useful in high-temperature reactions.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is relatively stable under normal conditions and can withstand certain reaction conditions.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) has a slightly earthy, mushroom-like odor with a rosy undertone.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is a clear, almost colorless liquid.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is miscible with alcohols and ethers, but insoluble in water.



SOLUBILITY OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is not miscible or difficult to mix in water.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and acetone.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
*Dialkyl ethers
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
*Benzylether
*Ether
*Dialkyl ether
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PURIFICATION METHODS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Reflux the ether over sodium, then distil Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) under reduced pressure.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) been purified by fractional freezing.



SYNTHESIS OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is formed when benzyl alcohol is heated with strong acids or bases.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is produced almost exclusively by the alkaline hydrolysis of benzyl chloride.
Heat treatment decomposes Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) into benzaldehyde and toluene.



PREPARATION OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is used as a by-product in the preparation of benzyl alcohol by hydrolysis of benzyl chloride; by using a concentrated caustic instead of carbonate, yields can be improved to 50% or higher.



KEY FEATURES OF DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
Molecular formula: C14H14O
Colorless liquid with a pleasant aromatic odor
Soluble in alcohol and ether
Boiling point: 297-298 °C
Melting point: -24.5 °C
Flash point: 140 °C
Density: 1.046 g/mL at 25 °C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.548
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) is renowned for its exceptional purity, making it a popular choice in the food and flavor industry.
Dibenzyl Ether (DBE) complies with the highest quality standards and regulations, ensuring its safety and suitability for various applications.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
CAS Number: 103-50-4
Molecular Weight: 198.26
EC Number: 203-118-2
MDL Number: MFCD00004780
Chemical formula: C14H14O
Molecular Weight: 198.26 g/mol
XLogP3: 3.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 198.104465066 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 15
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 137
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Beilstein Number: 1911156
MDL: MFCD00004780
CoE Number: 11856
XlogP3: 3.30 (est)
Molecular Weight: 198.26478000
Formula: C14 H14 O
IUPAC Name: phenylmethoxymethylbenzene
Molecular Weight: 198.26
Molecular Formula: C14H14O

Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)COCC2=CC=CC=C2
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChIKey: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 298 ℃
Melting Point: 1.5-3.5°C
Flash Point: 135°C
Density: 1.04 g/cm3
Solubility: water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Appearance: Colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Storage: Sealed in dry, Room Temperature
Assay: 0.99
EINECS: 203-118-2
Log P: 3.40340
MDL: MFCD00004780

Refractive Index: 1.561-1.563
Stability: Stable.
Vapor Pressure:1 mmHg at 77 °F ; 4 mmHg at 122 °F; 31 mmHg at 203 °F
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Water Solubility: 0.0065 g/L
logP: 3.42
logP: 3.57
logS: -4.5
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 9.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 62.24 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.89 ų

Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Experimental Properties：
Liquid molar volume = 0.190344 cu m/kmol
Air and Water Reactions：
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.
Insoluble in water.
Solubility Information: Not miscible or difficult to mix in water.
Miscible with ethanol,ether,chloroform and acetone.
Formula Weight: 198.27
Percent Purity: ≥98%
Chemical Name or Material: Dibenzyl ether
Density: 1.043 (204 c)

Practically Insoluble: in water
Specific gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 297.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
logP (o/w): 3.31
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00 %
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mm/Hg @ 25.00 °C
Odor: sweet fruity cherry earthy mushroom rose plastic
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Density: 6.8
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC
Odor Type: earthy
Molecular weight: 198.28
Color: colorless to pale yellow unstable liquid

Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Colourless
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (GC): min.97%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 1.041-1.043
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.561-1.563
Molecular Weight： 198.26
Exact Mass： 198.26
BRN： 1911156
EC Number： 203-118-2
UNII： 2O6CNO27RJ
NSC Number： 5931
DSSTox ID： DTXSID5025819
Color/Form： COLORLESS LIQUID|VERY PALE YELLOW
HScode 2909309090
PSA： 9.2
XLogP3： 3.3

Appearance： Clear colorless to pale yellow Liquid
Density： 0.99735 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point： 3.6 °C
Boiling Point： 298 °C
Flash Point： 275 °F
Refractive Index： 1.569
Water Solubility： H2O: insoluble
Storage Conditions： Store below +30°C.
Vapor Pressure： 1.03X10-3 mm Hg @ 25 deg C
Vapor Density： 6.84 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
Odor： FAINT, ALMOND ODOR
Taste： MUSHROOM TASTE
Reactive Group： Ethers
Reactivity Alerts Peroxidizable Compound
Water Solubility: 0.0065 g/L
logP: 3.42
logP: 3.57
logS: -4.5

pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.2
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 9.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 62.24 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 22.89 ų
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filte: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C14H14O
IUPAC name: [(benzyloxy)methyl]benzene
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C14H14O/c1-3-7-13(8-4-1)11-15-12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10H,11-12H2
InChI Key: MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Isomeric SMILES: C(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 198.2604
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 198.10446507
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 1.03900 to 1.04400 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.646 to 8.687
Refractive Index: 1.56100 to 1.56200 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 1.50 to 3.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 295.00 to 298.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 170.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.001030 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 6.8 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 275.00 °F. TCC ( 135.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.310
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 40 mg/L @ 35 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Stability: cream, lipstick, non-discoloring in most media, shampoo, soap
Physical state: clear, liquid

Color: colorless
Odor: fruity
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 1,5 - 3,5 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 298 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 137 °C
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 3,71 mPa.s at 35 °C
Water solubility: 0,042 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 3,31 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,043 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting Point: 3°C to 4°C
Density: 1.04
Boiling Point: 298°C
Flash Point: 135°C (275°F)
Refractive Index: 1.562
UN Number: UN3082
Beilstein: 1911156
Merck Index: 14,1132



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
-Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIBENZYL ETHER (DBE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Dibutyl maleate is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Dibutyl maleate is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid maleic acid.
Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.

CAS Number: 105-76-0
EC Number: 203-328-4
Molecular Formula: C12h20o4
Molecular Weight: 228.29

Synonyms: 105-76-0, Butyl maleate, Staflex DBM, RC Comonomer DBM, Maleic acid, dibutyl ester, dibutyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate, Maleic Acid Dibutyl Ester, di-n-Butyl maleate, 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, dibutyl ester, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, dibutyl ester, UNII-4X371TMK9K, Dibutylmaleate, PX-504, Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove, MFCD00009447, 4X371TMK9K, Dibutyl maleate, 105-76-0, Butyl maleate, Staflex DBM, RC Comonomer DBM, Maleic acid, dibutyl ester, dibutyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate, di-n-Butyl maleate, 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, dibutyl ester, Maleic Acid Dibutyl Ester, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, dibutyl ester, Dibutylmaleate, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, PX-504, Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove, maleic acid di-n-butyl ester, 4X371TMK9K, DTXSID3026724, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, 1,4-dibutyl ester, NSC-6711, DBM (VAN), CCRIS 4136, NSC 6711, EINECS 203-328-4, Dibutylester kyseliny maleinove [Czech], BRN 1726634, UNII-4X371TMK9K, Bibutyl maleate, AI3-00644, Bisomer DBM, Octomer DBM, MFCD00009447, Dibutyl maleate, 96%, VINAVIL CF 5, bis-(2-Ethylhexyl)maleate, EC 203-328-4, SCHEMBL28153, BUTYL MALEATE [INCI], MLS000515953, WLN: 4OV1U1VO4-C, dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate, DTXCID206724, CHEMBL1466826, Dibutyl (2Z)-2-butenedioate #, NSC6711, HMS2270N17, Tox21_200779, 1,4-dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate, AKOS015950672, CS-W010404, HY-W009688, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, cis-, NCGC00164013-01, NCGC00164013-02, NCGC00258333-01, CAS-105-76-0, SMR000112422, 2-Butenedioic acid, dibutyl ester, (2Z)-, M0009, D78204, W-108779, Q27260622, 29014-72-0,

Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Dibutyl maleate chemical is also used in organic synthesis, like the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Dibutyl maleate is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid maleic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless liquid with a characteristic "ester" odor.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Dibutyl maleate is also a suitable intermediate for use in organic synthesis, e.g. in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is a derivative of butyl maleate.
Dibutyl maleate’s an unsaturated ester which is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic “ester” odor.

Dibutyl maleate is miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, N,N-dimethyl formamide and toluene,
Dibutyl maleate is not miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and is slightly miscible with water.

Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Dibutyl maleate transposes into fumaric acid dialkyl ester.
Dibutyl maleate contains about 1-5% fumaric acid dialkyl ester and 1-2% alkoxysuccinic acid dialkyl ester.

Dibutyl maleate is acts as a plasticizer.

Dibutyl maleate is also known as Maleic Acid or Dibutylester.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless, oily and liquid substance.

Dibutyl maleate has a characteristic ester-like odor.
Dibutyl maleate is insoluble in water and is considered combustible.

Dibutyl maleate is commonly used in the paint industry as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for various adhesives and paints.
Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, for example in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.
Another common application is Dibutyl maleate use as a plasticizer in water resistant films.

Dibutyl maleate is suitable for vinyl resins and copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in paints.
Dibutyl maleate is used in plastisols, dispersions and coatings.

Dibutyl maleate is also known as Maleic Acid or Dibutylester.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless, oily and liquid substance.

Dibutyl maleate has a characteristic ester-like odor.
Dibutyl maleate is insoluble in water and is considered combustible.

Butyl maleates are ester compounds with a wide range of properties.
There are five main derivatives of butyl maleate-.

These derivatives have a wide range of applications, not limiting to, from the polymer industry to the pharmaceutical industry.
Dibutyl maleate popularly known as DBM is the most widely used compound among butyl maleates.

Dibutyl maleate is a synthetic colorless organic chemical with a characteristic odor.
Dibutyl maleate is mainly used in the manufacturing of adhesives, paints, copolymers & films, finishing agents, and cosmetics.
The global market is expected to increase as the production of polymers & other derivatives of Dibutyl maleate are increasing.

Dibutyl maleate is mainly used as a plasticizer for aqueous dispersions of copolymers with vinyl acetate and as an intermediate in the preparation of other chemical compounds.
With the invention of polyaspartic technology Dibutyl maleate found another use.

In this situation, an amine is reacted with a dialkyl maleate - usually diethyl maleate but also Dibutyl maleate may be used- utilizing the Michael addition reaction.
The resulting products, polyaspartic esters products are then used in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers.

Dibutyl maleate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Dibutyl maleate is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dibutyl maleate is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Dibutyl maleate is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid maleic acid.
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow.

Dibutyl maleate is a chemical that is used in the treatment of wastewater.
Dibutyl maleate is a glycol ether and an alkanoic acid.

Dibutyl maleate has been shown to be effective at removing p-hydroxybenzoic acid from water samples.
Dibutyl maleate reacts with the p-hydroxybenzoic acid to form an ester and glycol, which can be removed from the solution by extraction with organic solvents.
Dibutyl maleate has also been found to have high resistance against human serum, making Dibutyl maleate useful for sample preparation prior to analysis by gas chromatography or mass spectrometry.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a comonomer in vinyl acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Dibutyl maleate is also used in organic synthesis for the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is a known skin irritant and allergen, causing dermatitis on contact.
Dibutyl maleate apparently facilitates the trafficking of FITC-presenting CD11c(+) dendritic cells from the skin to draining lymph nodes and increases the cytokine production by draining lymph nodes.

Dibutyl maleate it’s a derivative of butyl maleate.
Dibutyl maleate an unsaturated ester which is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic “ester” odor.

Dibutyl maleate is miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, N,N-dimethyl formamide and toluene,
Dibutyl maleate is not miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and is slightly miscible with water.

Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Dibutyl maleate transposes into fumaric acid dialkyl ester.
Dibutyl maleate contains about 1-5% fumaric acid dialkyl ester and 1-2% alkoxysuccinic acid dialkyl ester.

Dibutyl maleate is a plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.
Other applications of Dibutyl maleate include use in plastisols, dispersions, coatings, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Uses of Dibutyl maleate:
Dibutyl maleate is used in the preparation of lactones, which is used for the synthesis of antibacterial compounds.
Dibutyl maleate is mainly used as a plasticizer for aqueous dispersions of copolymers with vinyl acetate and as an intermediate in the preparation of other chemical compounds.

With the invention of polyaspartic technology Dibutyl maleate found another use.
In this situation, an amine is reacted with a dialkyl maleate usually diethyl maleate but also Dibutyl maleate may be used- utilizing the Michael addition reaction.

The resulting products, polyaspartic esters products are then used in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers.
Dibutyl maleate is widely used as a liquid plasticizer for vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC, plastisols and vinyl acetates for paints, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Dibutyl maleate is used in various resins and in the preparation of emulsions for the paper industry, textile and lubricant additives.
Dibutyl maleate is also a suitable intermediate for use in organic synthesis, in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Dibutyl maleate is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.
Dibutyl maleate offers excellent rheological properties, and Dibutyl maleate can improve adhesion, flexibility and waterproofing in inks and paints.

Dibutyl maleate also improves the UV filtration power.
Hydrophobicity and water resistance of the PVAc latex films were increased by using Dibutyl maleate as comonomer.
Dibutyl maleate is used in synthesis resin and dope material, and is used in petroleum industry, fabric, plastic, and paper industrial dipping agent, dispersive agent, adhesive, accelerant, pesticide, surface active agent and others.

Uses at industrial sites:
Dibutyl maleate is used in the following products: polymers.
Dibutyl maleate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Dibutyl maleate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Dibutyl maleate can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and manufacturing of Dibutyl maleate.

Industry Uses:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer

Consumer Uses:
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer

Applications of Dibutyl maleate:
Dibutyl maleate is a colorless, liquid plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.

Dubutyl Maleate is also used as a comonomer in paints and adhesives for vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization.
Other applications of Dibutyl maleate include use in plastisols, dispersions, coatings, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Dibutyl maleate is commonly used in the paint industry as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for various adhesives and paints.
Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, for example in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Another common application is Dibutyl maleate use as a plasticizer in water resistant films.
Dibutyl maleate is widely used as a plasticizer in vinyl resins.

About 90% of the global plasticizers produce are used for the manufacturing of PVC as plasticizers improve flexibility and durability.
Dibutyl maleate is used in paints to improve the stability of paint towards water & ultraviolet light.

The demand for Dibutyl maleate from the paints & coating industry is expected to grow as demand for water-resistant paints & coatings is increasing.
The construction projects in developing economies will also further increase the demand for such paints & coatings.

Dibutyl maleate is now being used in the cosmetic industry as well.
Dibutyl maleate acts as an SPF enhancer in skincare products and hair flexibility & gloss enhancer in hair products.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a co-monomer with vinyl acetate monomer in polymer emulsion to improve the properties.
Dibutyl maleate reduces the hardness and brittleness in resulting polymers.

Dibutyl maleate is used as a co-monomer in acrylic emulsions for the manufacturing of various adhesives and resins including food-grade additives.
Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in the production of derivatives of succinic acid, whose global production is expected to grow over 10% annually.

Dibutyl maleate is also used as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry.
The changing prices of raw materials and the development of new eco-friendly coatings can reduce the market of Dibutyl maleate.

Dibutyl maleate is a plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Dibutyl maleate is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.

Preparation of Dibutyl maleate:
Dibutyl maleate can be prepared by the reaction of maleic acid anhydride and 1-butanol in presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid.

Apperance of Dibutyl maleate:
clear colourless to slightly yellowish liquid

Physical state of Dibutyl maleate:
Colorless to Almost colorless clear liquid

Function of Dibutyl maleate:
Plasticizers

Classification of Dibutyl maleate:
Plasticizers
Industrial Chemicals

Handling and storage of Dibutyl maleate:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 10: Combustible liquids

Stability and reactivity of Dibutyl maleate:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

increased reactivity with:
Strong oxidizing agents

Conditions to avoid:
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
No data available

First aid measures of Dibutyl maleate:

General advice:
Show Dibutyl maleate safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Firefighting measures of Dibutyl maleate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Foam Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Dibutyl maleate:
Carbon oxides
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Dibutyl maleate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergencyprocedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.

Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Identifiers of Dibutyl maleate:
CAS Number: 105-76-0
3DMet: CCCCOC(=O)/C=C\C(=O)OCCCC
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1466826
ChemSpider: 4436356
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.027
EC Number: 203-328-4
MeSH: maleate Dibutyl maleate
PubChem CID: 5271569
UNII: 4X371TMK9K
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3026724
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H20O4/c1-3-5-9-15-11(13)7-8-12(14)16-10-6-4-2/h7-8H,3-6,9-10H2,1-2H3/b8-7-
Key: JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N
SMILES: CCCCOC(=O)/C=C\C(=O)OCCCC

Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)3OCOCH=CHCOO(CH2)3CH3
CAS Number: 105-76-0
Molecular Weight: 228.28
Beilstein: 1726634
EC Number: 203-328-4
MDL number: MFCD00009447
PubChem Substance ID: 24893895
NACRES: NA.22

CAS No.: 105-76-0
Chemical Name: Dibutyl maleate
CBNumber: CB9673524
Molecular Formula: C12H20O4
Molecular Weight: 228.28
MDL Number: MFCD00009447
MOL File: 105-76-0.mol

Properties of Dibutyl maleate:
Chemical formula: C12H20O4
Molar mass: 228.288 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless to yellowish liquid with a characteristic odor
Density: 0.99 g·cm−3
Melting point: −85 °C (−121 °F; 188 K)
Boiling point: 280 °C (536 °F; 553 K)
Solubility in water: Very hardly soluble (0.17 g·l−1 at 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.0027 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.445 (20 °C)

Melting point: -85°C
Boiling point: 281 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.988 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.0027 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.445(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: 0.17g/l slightly soluble
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to light yellow
explosive limit: 0.5-3.4%(V)
Water Solubility: insoluble
FreezingPoint: <-85℃
BRN: 1726634
LogP: 3.39 at 25℃

Quality Level: 200
assay: 96%
refractive index: n20/D 1.445 (lit.)
Boiling Point: 281 °C (lit.)
density: 0.988 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: [H]C(=C(/[H])C(=O)OCCCC)C(=O)OCCCC
InChI: 1S/C12H20O4/c1-3-5-9-15-11(13)7-8-12(14)16-10-6-4-2/h7-8H,3-6,9-10H2,1-2H3/b8-7-
InChI key: JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N

Molecular Weight: 228.29
Molecular Formula: C12H20O4
InChIKey: JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N
Boiling Point: 161 °C
Melting Point: -85 °C
Flash Point: 140 °C
Purity: 95%
Density: 0.99 (23°C)

Molecular Weight: 228.28 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 228.13615911 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 228.13615911 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 16
Complexity: 209
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Dibutyl maleate:
Melting Point: -85°C
Color: Colorless
Boiling Point: 161°C
Quantity: 25 g
Formula Weight: 228.29
Percent Purity: ≥95.0% (GC)
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Dibutyl maleate

Related Products of Dibutyl maleate:
5,5-Dimethyldihydrofuran-2-one
2,2-Dimethylchroman
4-(2-(2-((1R,5S)-6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl)ethoxy)ethyl)morpholine
2-[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]acetic Acid Methyl Ester
4,4-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one

Names of Dibutyl maleate:

Regulatory process names:
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate

IUPAC names:
1,4-dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate
2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-,dibutyl ester
Di-n-butyl maleate
dibutyl (E)-but-2-enedioate
dibutyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate
dibutyl but-2-enedioate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl maleate

Preferred IUPAC name:
Dibutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate

Trade names:
2-Butendisaeure (Z)-
2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, dibutyl ester
DBM
Di-n-butyl maleinate
Dibutyl maleate
Dibutyl-ester
Dibutylmaleinat
Maleic acid, dibutyl ester
Maleinsaeure-di-n-butylester
Maleinsaeuredibutylester

Other names:
Maleic acid dibutyl ester
DBM

Other identifiers:
105-76-0
193362-56-0
220713-30-4
57343-98-3
77223-90-6
79725-21-6

Dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]stannane; 2,2-Dibutyl-1,3,2-dioxastannepin-4,7-dione; Dibutylzinndilaurat; Dilaurato de dibutilestaño; Dilaurate de dibutylétain; Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy) Tin; Dibutyltin didodecanoate; Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane; Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane CAS NO:77-58-7

DESCRIPTION:
Dibutyltin di(laurate) (abbreviated DBTDL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn(CH2CH2CH2CH3)2.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is used as a catalyst .


CAS Number: 77-58-7
EC Number: 201-039-8
Linear Formula: (CH3CH2CH2CH2)2Sn[OCO(CH2)10CH3]2
Molecular Weight: 631.56


SYNONYMS OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Butynorate,Davainex[1],DBTDL,DBTL[1],Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin[1],Dibutylstannylene dilaurate[1],Dibutyltin didodecanoate[1],Dibutyltindilaurate,Lauric acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester[1]Stabilizer D-22[1],T 12 (catalyst)[1]Tinostat[1]DIBUTYLSTANNYLENE DILAURATEDIBUTYLTIN DIDODECANOATEDibutyltin dilaurateDibutyltin laurateLAURIC ACID, DIBUTYLSTANNYLENE SALTTIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE

In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.

According to some authors, this compound is a dibutyltin(IV) ester of lauric acid.

Dibutyltin di(laurate), also known as dibutyltin didodecanoate, is a dibutyltin laurate hydroxide intermediate that is commonly used as a catalyst.

Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also used in the transesterification reaction. [1]


DECOMPOSITION OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C[2]), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes.


USES OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is used as a paint additive.[1]
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.

Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride,[ vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.[1]
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.


APPLICATIONS OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst in:
The synthesis of polyurethane (PU) and polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) prepolymers and lignin urethane.
A protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates



BENEFITS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE CATALYSTS FOR POLYURETHANE COATINGS:
Dibutyltin di(laurate) improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water.
Dibutyltin di(laurate) enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties.
This catalyst can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers.



FEATURES OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Dibutyltin di(laurate) is Suitable to accelerate the cross-linking process of solvent-based two-component PU coatings
Dibutyltin di(laurate) Improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water

Dibutyltin di(laurate) Enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties
Dibutyltin di(laurate) Can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE):
Chemical formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2
Molar mass 631.570 g•mol−1
Appearance Colourless oily liquid or soft waxy crystals
Odor Fatty[2]
Density 1.066 g/cm3[2]
Melting point 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K) [1]
Boiling point 205 °C at 1.3 kPa[1][2]
Solubility in water Practically insoluble (0.00143 g/l at 68 °F (20 °C))[1][2]
Solubility Practically insoluble in methanol
Soluble in petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, ether, carbon tetrachloride, organic esters
Vapor pressure Refractive index (nD) 1.4683 at 20 °C (for light at wavelength of 589.29 nm)[1]
Viscosity 42 cP[1]
vapor pressure
0.2 mmHg ( 160 °C)
Quality Level
200
Assay
95%
refractive index
n20/D 1.471 (lit.)
density
1.066 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC
InChI
1S/2C12H24O2.2C4H9.Sn/c2*1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12(13)14;2*1-3-4-2;/h2*2-11H2,1H3,(H,13,14);2*1,3-4H2,2H3;/q;;;;+2/p-2
InChI key
UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
CAS number 77-58-7
CE number 201-039-8
Formula de Hill C₃₂H₆₄O₄Sn
Molar Mass 631.56 g/mol
Code SH 2931 90 49
Boiling point >250 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point 191 °C
Ignition temperature >200 °C
Fusion point 25 - 27 °C
Vapor pressure Solubility


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBUTYLTIN DI(LAURATE)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Dibutyltin dichloride (usually referred to simply as DBTC) is an organotin substance that appears colorless to slightly yellowish-brownish at room temperature.
Dibutyltin dichloride is readily soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, ether and alcohols but is very difficult to dissolve in water.
Dibutyltin dichloride is flammable, low volatile and has a pungent odor.

CAS Number: 683-18-1
EC Number: 211-670-0
Chemical Formula: (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂)₂SnCl₂
Molar Mass: 303.83 g/mol

DIBUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE, 683-18-1, Dibutyldichlorostannane, Di-n-butyltin dichloride, Stannane, dibutyldichloro-, Dibutyldichlorotin, Dibutyltin chloride, dibutyl(dichloro)stannane, Dichlorodibutyltin, Dichlorodibutylstannane, Dibutyl tin dichloride, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, UNII-J4AQN88R8P, Stannane, dibutyldichloro, J4AQN88R8P, DSSTox_CID_7292, DSSTox_RID_78390, DSSTox_GSID_27292, Dibutylstannium dichloride, C8H18Cl2Sn, Tin, dibutyl-, dichloride, CAS-683-18-1, CCRIS 6321, HSDB 6071, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, NSC 2604, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, EINECS 211-670-0, dibutyl tin chloride, MFCD00000518, Bu2SnCl2, dibutyl-tin-dichloride, (DBTC), EC 211-670-0, Dibutyltin dichloride, 96%, SCHEMBL37123, dibutyl-bis(chloranyl)stannane, D.B.T.C., WLN: G-SN-G4&4, DTXSID8027292, NSC2604, NSC-2604, Tox21_201675, Tox21_303112, AKOS015839512, ZINC169743073, NCGC00164348-01, NCGC00164348-02, NCGC00164348-03, NCGC00257160-01, NCGC00259224-01, M266, NCI60_002078, DB-055133, FT-0632794, D95356, Dibutyltin dichloride, purum, >=97.0% (AT), A836096, Q18411326, 211-670-0, 683-18-1, Dibutyl(dichlor)stannan, Dibutyl(dichloro)stannane, Dibutyl(dichloro)stannane, dibutyldichlorotin, Dibutyltin dichloride, J4AQN88R8P, MFCD00000518, Stannane, dibutyldichloro, Stannane, dibutyldichloro-, Stannane, dibutyldichloro-, WH7100000, [683-18-1], Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity, D.B.T.C., DBTC dichloride, Dibutyl dichloro tin, Dibutyl tin dichloride, Dibutyl(dichlor)stannan, dibutyl-dichlorostannane, dibutyl-dichloro-stannane, Dibutyldichlorostannane, Dibutyldichlorostannane, Dibutyldichlorotin, Dibutylstannium dichloride, Dibutyltin chloride, Dibutyltin dichloride 10 ?g/mL in Cyclohexane, dibutyltin(2+) and dichloride, dibutyltindichloride, Dibutyltin-dichloride, Dibutyltin-dichloride 10 ?g/mL in Cyclohexane, Dibutyltin-dichloride 10 µg/mL in Cyclohexane, Dichlorodibutylstannane, DICHLORODIBUTYLTIN, Di-n-butyldichlorostannane, DI-n-BUTYLDICHLOROTIN, DI-N-BUTYLTIN DICHLORIDE, Di-n-butyltin Dichloride, 1000 mg/L, 1 ml (RM, ISO GUIDE 34), Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid, EINECS 211-670-0, NCGC00164348-01, stannane, dichlorodibutyl-, Tin, dibutyl-, dichloride, TL8004797, UNII:J4AQN88R8P, UNII-J4AQN88R8P, WLN: G-SN-G4&4, Dibutyldichlorotin, Dinbutyltindichloride, chloriddi-n-butylcinicity, chloriddi-n-butylcinicity, dibutyldichloro-stannan, dibutylstanniumdichloride, dibutyl-tidichloride, dibutyltinchloride, dichlorodibutylstannane, dichlorodibutyltin, Di-n-butyldichlorotin, dibutyl(dichloro)stannane

Dibutyltin dichloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 tonnes per annum.
Dibutyltin dichloride is used in articles, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dibutyltin dichloride (usually referred to simply as DBTC) is an organotin substance that appears colorless to slightly yellowish-brownish at room temperature.
Dibutyltin dichloride is readily soluble in organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, ether and alcohols but is very difficult to dissolve in water.
Decomposition (hydrolysis) occurs in hot water.

Dibutyltin dichloride is flammable, low volatile and has a pungent odor.

Produced by reacting tetrabutyltin with tin(IV) chloride, Dibutyltin dichloride is a catalyst and stabilizer with a wide range of applications and even acts as a fungicide.

Dibutyltin Dichloride is a chemical compound comprising two bromine atoms and two chlorine atoms.
Dibutyltin dichloride is a colorless and odorless substance, with relatively low toxicity.

Dibutyltin dichloride serves as a catalyst for the production of polymeric materials, as well as lubricants and other industrial products.
Dibutyltin Dichloride has been proposed as an enzyme inhibitor, offering insight into Dibutyltin dichloride is impact on polymer synthesis and organic compound production.

Hydrolysis products of dibutyltin dichlorides:
The hydrolysis of di-s-butyltin dichloride yields similar products to those found for the di-n-butyl compound whereas the hydrolysis behaviour of di-t-butyltin dichloride is markedly different.
Distannoxanes are not found in the latter case but instead di-t-butyltin hydroxide chloride is obtained.
Under strongly basic conditions di-t-butyltin oxide is formed which has unusual structural properties and can easily be converted into a ‘dihydroxide'.

Variants of Dibutyltin dichloride:

In addition to the normal Dibutyltin dichloride, BNT also offers dibutyltin dichloride in various versions:
In DIDP solution (diisodecyl phthalate) as a catalyst for adhesives based on polyurethane and for silicone sealants; or in xylene as a catalyst for the production of silicones.

BNT-CAT 410:
Dibutyltin dichloride from the production of BNT is shipped in polyethylene-lined drums of 30 liters or in barrels of 205 liters.
In the closed original packaging, Dibutyltin dichloride has a minimum shelf life of 6 months without loss of quality.

BNT-CAT 411:
BNT-CAT 411 (dibutyltin dichloride in DIDP solution) is liquid at room temperature and colorless to slightly yellowish.
Crystallizations can occur below 10°C, which is why Dibutyltin dichloride must be heated to 35 to 40°C before use and a sample must be taken to determine the homogeneity.

BNT-CAT 411 is supplied in polyethylene-lined drums and can be stored in the sealed, original containers at storage temperatures above 20°C for at least 6 months without quality deviations.
If the temperature is or has been lower, Dibutyltin dichloride may need to be heated for homogenization.

BNT-CAT 413:
BNT-CAT 413 is a colorless liquid with an aromatic odor.
Dibutyltin dichloride is not or only slightly miscible with water.

BNT-CAT 413 is shipped in steel cans with a polyethylene lining.
If the original packaging remains closed, Dibutyltin dichloride can be stored for at least 6 months without loss of quality (storage temperature > 0°C).

If stored at a temperature below 0°C, crystallization may occur.
To homogenize the product again, Dibutyltin dichloride must be heated at 35 to 40°C for approx. 30 minutes before use.

Application Fields of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Dibutyltin dichloride areas of application are diverse, ranging from intermediate products for the production of other tin compounds to being the decisive component of important end applications on the other.

Dibutyltin dichloride is for example, a precursor substance from which a number of other tin compounds are made, including products for coating container glass bottles.
Dibutyltin dichloride serves as a processing aid, process regulator and ion exchanger.

As a catalytic active ingredient, Dibutyltin dichloride is used in esterification reactions, the production of silicones and polyurethanes, foam plastics, adhesives or sealants.
In this way, dibutyltin dichloride is used in a wide variety of end products: thermal insulation and coatings, food packaging, medical devices or electronics.
In silicones, Dibutyltin dichloride finds its way into sealants, paper coatings and even dental products.

For the modification of synthetic rubbers, Dibutyltin dichloride is a reactive process additive that improves the solubility of the soot black additives in the compound.

Another area in which Dibutyltin dichloride is processed is the light and heat stabilization of PVC plastics.
Concentrations between 0.3% and about 3% are common here. End-use applications include, for example, packaging materials or textile products.

Uses of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Dibutyltin dichloride is used as organotin intermediate, a general-purpose stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride, an esterification catalyst, and a veterinary vermicide and tapeworm remedy.
Dialkyltin compounds are the best general-purpose stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride, esp if colorlessness and transparency are required.
Dibutyltin as well as monobutyltins are used increasingly as esterification catalysts for the mfr of organic esters used in plasticizers, lubricants, & heat-transfer fluids.

Industry Uses:

Intermediates:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses:
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Properties of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Dibutyltin dichloride is a flammable, slightly volatile, white to yellow solid with a pungent odor, which is very sparingly soluble in water and slowly decomposes in Dibutyltin dichloride.
Dibutyltin dichloride has a dipole moment of 4.38 Debye in benzene.

Manufacturing Methods of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Prepared by any of 3 different reactions, (Grignard, Wurtz-Fittig, or aluminum exchange) all of which employ tin tetrachloride as a reactant in a two-step synthesis that first produces tetrabutyltin as an intermediate.

Dibutyltin dichloride is mfr by Kocheshkov redistribution from crude tetrabutyltin and stannic chloride and usually is catalyzed with aluminum trichloride.

General Manufacturing Information of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing

With regard to heat stabilizing efficacy, Dibutyltin dichloride is generally accepted that the dialkyltin compounds containing 2 anionic substituents are better than either the monoalkyl- or trialkyltin derivatives.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Dibutyltin dichloride:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Teratogens:
An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo.

Immunosuppressive Agents:
Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action.
Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS.
While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

Handling and storage of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Storage conditions:
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1A: Combustible, acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

Stability and reactivity of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Dibutyltin dichloride is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Violent reactions possible with: Oxidizing agents

Conditions to avoid:
Heat.
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
No data available

First aid measures of Dibutyltin dichloride:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show Dibutyltin dichloride safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.

In exceptional cases only, if medical care is not available within one hour, induce vomiting (only in persons who are wide awake and fully conscious), administer activated charcoal (20 - 40 g in a 10% slurry) and consult a doctor as quickly as possible.
Do not attempt to neutralise.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Firefighting measures of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Carbon oxides
Hydrogen chloride gas
Tin/tin oxides
Combustible.

Fire may cause evolution of:
Hydrogen chloride gas
Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.

Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid generation and inhalation of dusts in all circumstances.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Disposal Methods:
At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Preventive Measures:
If employees' clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.
Clothing contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride should be placed in closed containers for storage until Dibutyltin dichloride can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of contaminant from the clothing.

If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the contaminant, the person performing the operation should be informed of contaminant's hazard properties.
Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride should be removed promptly & not reworn until the contaminant is removed.

Where exposure of an employee's body to dibutyltin dichloride or liquids containing dibutyltin dichloride may occur, facilities for quick drenching of the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use.
Skin that becomes contaminated with dibutyltin dichloride should be immediately flushed with large amounts of water to remove any contaminant.

Workers subject to skin contact with solid dibutyltin dichloride should wash with soap or mild detergent & water any areas of the body that may have contacted any contaminant at the end of each work day.
Eating & smoking should not be permitted in areas where dibutyltin dichloride is handled, processed, or stored.
Employees who handle dibutyltin dichloride should wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent & water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities.

Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing.
Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.
All contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Wherever possible, safer substitutes should be used in the place of alkyltin compounds.
When Dibutyltin dichloride is necessary to make and use them handling should be done in enclosed systems equipped with exhaust ventilation.

Engineering control should ensure that exposure limits are not exceeded.
Personal protective equipment should be worn, & in appropriate circumstances respiratory protection should be used.
Emergency showers should be installed to allow workers to wash immediately after splashes.

Identifiers of Dibutyltin dichloride:
CAS number: 683-18-1
EC index number: 050-022-00-X
EC number: 211-670-0
Hill Formula: C₈H₁₈Cl₂Sn
Chemical formula: (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂)₂SnCl₂
Molar Mass: 303.83 g/mol
HS Code: 2931 90 00

Linear Formula: (CH3CH2CH2CH2)2SnCl2
MDL Number: MFCD00000518
EC No.: 211-670-0
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: 3535484
Pubchem CID: 12688
IUPAC Name: dibutyl(dichloro)stannane
SMILES: InChI=1S/2C4H9.2ClH.Sn/c2*1-3-4-2;;;/h2*1,3-4H2,2H3;2*1H;/q;;;;+2/p-2
InchI Identifier: CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(Cl)Cl
InchI Key: RJGHQTVXGKYATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L

CAS: 683-18-1
MDL Number: MFCD00000518
InChI Key: RJGHQTVXGKYATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L
PubChem CID: 12688
IUPAC Name: dibutyl(dichloro)stannane
SMILES: CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(Cl)Cl

Properties of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Boiling point: 148 °C (16 hPa)
Density: 1.4 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 144 - 148 °C
Melting Point: 37 - 38 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.0016 hPa (25 °C)
Solubility: 0.32 g/l

Molecular Weight: 303.84 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 303.980759 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 303.980759 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 84.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

vapor pressure: 0.0016 hPa ( 25 °C)
Quality Level: 200
form: crystals
potency: 50 mg/kg LD50, oral (Rat)
bp: 148 °C/16 hPa
mp: 37-38 °C
transition temp: flash point 144-148 °C
solubility: 0.32 g/L
density: 1.4 g/cm3 at 20 °C
storage temp.: 2-30°C
InChI: 1S/2C4H9.2Cl.Sn/c2*1-3-4-2;;;/h2*1,3-4H2,2H3;;;
InChI key: QBJCDRCOQAVMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Compound Formula: C8H18Cl2Sn
Molecular Weight: 303.85
Appearance: White to off-white crystals or crystalline solid
Melting Point: 37-38 °C
Boiling Point: 135-148 °C
Density: 1.43 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: 0.32 g/l
Exact Mass: 303.981 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 303.981 g/mol

Specifications of Dibutyltin dichloride:
Assay (argentometric): ≥ 98.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 37 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 41 °C
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 39.0°C to 41.0°C
Color: White to Beige
Density: 1.4000g/mL
Boiling Point: 135.0°C (10.0 mmHg)
Flash Point: 112°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 97%
Packaging: Glass bottle
Molecular Formula: C8H18Cl2Sn
Linear Formula: [CH3(CH2)3]2SnCl2
Quantity: 250 g
Fieser: 01,213; 01,1294; 05,622
Specific Gravity: 1.4
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 303.842
Formula Weight: 303.83
Percent Purity: 97%
Physical Form: Crystalline Low Melting Solid
Chemical Name or Material: Dibutyltin dichloride

Names of Dibutyltin dichloride:

Regulatory process names:
(DBTC)
Chlorid di-n-butylcinicity
Di-n-butyl-zinn-dichlorid
Di-n-butyltin dichloride
Dibutyldichlorostannane
Dibutyldichlorotin
Dibutylstannium dichloride
Dibutyltin chloride
Dibutyltin dichloride
Dibutyltin dichloride
dibutyltin dichloride
Dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC)
dibutyltin dichloride; (DBTC)

Translated names:
(DBTC) (bg)
(DBTC) (da)
(DBTC) (el)
(DBTC) (es)
(DBTC) (et)
(DBTC) (fi)
(DBTC) (fr)
(DBTC) (hr)
(DBTC) (hu)
(DBTC) (it)
(DBTC) (lt)
(DBTC) (lv)
(DBTC) (mt)
(DBTC) (nl)
(DBTC) (no)
(DBTC) (pl)
(DBTC) (pt)
(DBTC) (ro)
(DBTC) (sk)
(DBTC) (sl)
(DBTC) (sv)
DBTC (cs)
dibutil-ón-diklorid (hu)
dibutilalavo dichloridas (lt)
dibutilalvas dihlorīds (lv)
dibutilkositrov diklorid (hr)
dibutilkositrov diklorid (sl)
dibutylcíndichlorid (cs)
dibutyldichlórstanán (sk)
dibutyltenndiklorid (sv)
dibutyltin dichloride (mt)
dibutyltindichlorid (da)
dibutyltindichloride (nl)
dibutyltinndiklorid (no)
Dibutylzinnchlorid (de)
Dibutylzinndichlorid (de)
Dibutyylitinadikloridi (fi)
dibutüültinadikloriid (et)
dichlorek dibutylocyny (pl)
dichlorure de dibutylétain;(DBTC) (fr)
dicloreto de dibutilestanho (pt)
dicloruro de dibutilestaño (es)
dicloruro di dibutilstagno (it)
diclorură de dibutil staniu (ro)
χλωριούχος διβουτυλοκασσίτερος (el)
дибутилкалаен дихлорид (bg)

CAS names:
Stannane, dibutyldichloro-

IUPAC names:
dibutyl(dichloro)stannane
dibutylstannanebis(ylium) dichloride
Dibutyltin Dichloride
dibutyltin dichloride
Dibutyltin dichloride
Stannane, dibutyldichloro-

Trade names:
Axion CS 2430
DBTCl
DIBUTYLDICHLOROSTANNANE
dibutyltindichloride; (DBTC)
Tin dibutyl-dichloride

Other name:
DBTC

DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE = DBTDL = [DIBUTYL(DODECANOYLOXY)STANNYL] DODECANOATE


CAS Number: 77-58-7
EC Number: 201-039-8
MDL number: MFCD00008963
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn / (C4H9)2Sn(OOC(CH2)10CH3)2



Dibutyltin dilaurate is a clear yellow viscous liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is colorless or yellowish transparent liquid


Tin content of Dibutyltin dilaurate is 18.2±0.2%.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide.
Dibutyltin dilaurate (abbreviated DBTDL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound that is usually abbreviated to DBTL or DBTDL.
The colorless to yellowish liquid, Dibutyltin dilaurate, has an oily consistency, is extremely flammable and gives off a fatty acid-like smell.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is soluble in acetone, methanol or other organic solvents, but is practically insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is a light yellow or colorless oily liquid, low temperature into a white crystalline powder.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is soluble in benzene, toluene, ethyl acetate, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether, in most common solvents and various industrial plasticizer, insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent transparency, lubricity and weather resistance.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is a water insoluble oily liquid which can be produced by heating lauric acid with dibutyltin oxide.


Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be produced from dibutyltin chloride and sodium laurate.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also known as di-n-butyldilauryltin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)stannane and dibutyltin didodecanoate.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a yellow liquid which has C32H64O4Sn as chemical formula.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.


Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent transparency and lubricating property.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is resistant to weathering.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate promotes the urethane (polyol-isocyanate) reaction for the production of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams, coatings, adhesives and sealants.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colourless oily liquid.
In terms of its structure, the molecule consists of two laurate groups attached to a dibutyltin(IV) center.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the carbonyl oxygen centers are weakly bonded to tin.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is light yellow transparent liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate's relative density was 1. 066.
Dibutyltin dilaurate's Freezing point is 8 ℃.


Dibutyltin dilaurate's density is 1. 0425kg/L, flash point 226.7 ℃.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is soluble in acetone and benzene, insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound.


Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. Dibutyltin dilaurate is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide.
Dibutyltin dilaurate compound takes on the appearance of a colourless oily liquid.


Each year, imports and manufacture of Dibutyltin dilaurate in the European Economic Area are in the order of 100 to 1000 tonnes.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is PVC plastic additives, with excellent lubricity, transparency and weather resistance.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is resistance to sulfide pollution is better, but the heat resistance is poor.


Dibutyltin dilaurate acts as a primary stabilizer in soft transparent articles and as a lubricant in hard transparent articles.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a clear yellow viscous liquid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as a stabilizer of PVC, mainly used for soft and semi-soft PVC products
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as a polyurethane catalyst.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used for synthesis.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, DBTDL is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in PVC.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst in the vulcanizing cure of silicones at room temperatures.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a paint additive.


Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst .
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as polyurethane foam plastic, PVC foam, silicon rubber composite material is used as a catalyst and foaming activator.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a variety of adhesives used in synthesis catalyst.


Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyzes esterification reactions, transesterification reactions and polycondensation reactions and has become the industry standard for coatings, adhesives, solvents and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as heat stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride, curing agent for silicone rubber, catalyst for polyurethane foam, etc.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a stabilizer (polyvinyl chloride resins, vinyl resins, lacquers, and elastomers), a catalyst for urethane and silicones, and a drug (anthelmintic and coccidiostat).


Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for polyurethane coatings, inks, adhesives and sealants.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for room temperature vulcanized silica gel, adhesives, and caulking agents.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used in polyurethane rigid foam, spraying, pouring, plate, etc.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as heat stabilizer in PVC soft products


Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for silane cross-linked products.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a polymerization catalyst used in the preparation of a variety of polymers, such as ureidopyrimidone polymer networks.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used in chain extensions of certain telechelic polymers.
Dibutyl tin dilaurate is a versatile catalyst that can be used in various urethen crosslinking reaction and silanol condensation reactions.


Dibutyltin dilaurate drives the addition of alcohols with isocyanates to accelerate and complete the formation of urethanes.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is stable to hydrolysis but will hydrolyze in the presence of aqueous caustic at roomtemperature.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is incorporated into the final product and does not require removal.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a liquid catalyst for ease of processing.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used to crosslink two-component urethane coating systems for automotive, industrial and refinish coatings.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used to crosslink RTV silicon systems for the caulk and sealants markets.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used to crosslink polyethylene / silane co polymer systems for the wire and cable industry.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is absorbed on silica is used to crosslink urethane powder coating for exterior applications.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for curing silicones, as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins, as a corrosion inhibitor, and in veterinary use, to treat tapeworms in chickens.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as catalyst in the production of polyurethane and curing of room temperature vulcanising silicon rubber.
Dibutyltin dilaurate also finds application as catalyst in the manufacture of silane-crosslinking polyolefins.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used in heat stabilisers in PVC.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used in soft and transparent PVC products.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is a very useful catalyst for the production of urethane foams, PU foams, silicone, and other applications.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a catalyst for curing silicones, as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins, as a corrosion inhibitor, and in veterinary use, to treat tapeworms in chickens.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as catalyst for polymerizing lactide and glycolide and isocyanate reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants and coating products.


Other release to the environment of Dibutyltin dilaurate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Release to the environment of Dibutyltin dilaurate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Dibutyltin dilaurate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Dibutyltin dilaurate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as heat stabilizer for PVC, curing agent for silicone rubber, catalyst for polyurethane foam, etc
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst in the synthesis of polyurethane foams.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used in the production of polyether and polyester based polyurethanes.
Further Dibutyltin dilaurate finds its application as catalyst in both adhesives and sealants.


Other uses of Dibutyltin dilaurate include heat stabilizer for PVC and room temperature vulcanization (RTV) of sillicone polymers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.


Dibutyltin Dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in PVC.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound used as a catalyst or preservative in various industrial applications.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is used, for example, in the production of polyurethane.
Releases of dibutyltin dilaurate (CAS: 77-58-7) into the environment can occur on industrial sites and in the construction sector, but also in domestic use when using detergents, cleaning products, paints and adhesives.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an important PU catalyst for catalyzing the reaction of carboxyl groups with isocyanates.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is also widely used in PU related products such as adhesives, coatings, sealants, elastomers and so on.
Effectively promote the chain growth, speed up the curing process.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also applied to PU soft and rigid foam, use with tertiary amine can improve the balance of foam and gel efficiency.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a catalyst for the synthesis of polyurethane foam, silicone rubber curing agent.


Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of polyurethane and the curing of room temperature vulcanising silicon rubber.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a catalyst in the production of silane-crosslinking polyolefins.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used in PVC heat stabilizers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a highly reactive solvent-free catalyst for varied chemical cross-linking systems and chemical syntheses.


Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used for polyurethane- and silicone-syntheses as well as for PURcoatings, PUR-foams and silicone cross linking.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used for solvent-borne and solvent-free, one- and two-component polyurethane coatings, e.g. for automotive refinish coatings and industrial coatings as well as for coil- and cancoatings.
Further applications are the manufacturing of PUR-foams and silicon polymers.


-Other Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
The catalytic effect of the dibutyltin dilaurate is used in other areas, such as acrylic acid esters, the production of silica esters or alkyd resins.
For screen printing processes, print shop chemicals with Dibutyltin dilaurate content can be used.


-Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
*PU catalyst
*PU resin reaction synthesis catalyst
*PU foam catalyst
*Polyurethane series related products such as adhesives, coatings, sealants, elastomers
*Soft and rigid foam


-Dibutyltin Dilaurate uses and applications include:
Heat stabilizer for vinyl resins, lacquers, elastomers; lubricant for flexible vinyls; catalyst for PU foam and silicone elastomers; catalyst for food-contact PU resins and PU resins in food packaging adhesives; plasticizer


-As PVC Stabilizer:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is only through the use of stabilizers that PVC plastics are given a durability with which they can be used economically.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has such stabilizing properties and protects the final product from heat and UV irradiation.


-Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
PVC stabilizer products and lubricants soft PVC transparent products or semi soft products, with stearic acid barium, cadmium stearic acid and other metal soap or epoxy compound and has good lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and plasticizer compatibility, spray cream, no curing pollution, on the heat resistance and printing without adverse effects.
Such as: soft film, film, plastic shoes, PVC hose and conveyor belt.
Especially can be used as catalyst for polyurethane foam products. In rigid PVC products, this product can be used as, and maleic acid organic tin or thiol organic tin and use, improve resin fluidity.


-Polyurethane:
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst finds greatest use in the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams.
In demanding applications where amine catalysis alone is inadequate, the extra activity obtained by the synergistic combination of organometallics like Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst with an amine catalyst permits the required rapid catalysis.
Examples include high-density structural foam, sprayup wall insulation and rigid boardstock run at high line speeds.
Even when used at levels as low as 0.1 phr based on polyol, Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is especially effective in promoting rapid gel and tack-free times.
Tetravalent diorganotins like Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst are known throughout the industry as promoters of the reaction of isocyanates with polyols to form polyurethanes, and of the secondary crosslinking reactions to form allophonate and biuret linkages.


-Thermoplastics:
The grafted polyethylene can then be immediately crosslinked in the presence of a tin catalyst.
-Other applications:
Polyamide and phenolic resins, light and heat stabilizers.


-Applications of Dibutyltin dilaurate:
*Crosslinked Coatings of two- component PU for Automobile Coatings, Industrial Paint, Finish Paint .etc.
*Room Temperature Vulcanization(RTV) for Adhesive, Joint mixture
*Catalysts for Cross-linking reaction of Polyurethane and Condensation reaction of Silanol
*Heat-stabilizer of soft PVC products
*RPUF, Spraying, pouring etc
*Curing agent



PROPERTIES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a kind of catalyst with strong gel properties.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a catalyst with strong gel properties, suitable for paints and inks.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is suitable for elastomer, silicone rubber, adhesive, sealant, coating, soft and hard foam, foam forming, RIM etc.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as PVC thermal stabilizer for soft and semi-soft polyvinyl chloride products, such as transparent film, PVC pipe and artificial leather.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as catalyst in silicone rubber or rubber to prevent priducts from yellowing at high temperature.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as catalyst for crosslinking reaction of actylate rubber and carboxyl rubber, synthesis of polyirethane foam and polyester synthesis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used in the high-density structure foam, spraying hard foam and hard foam sheet with amine catalyst together.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is used photothermal stabilizer suitalbe for polyamide and phenolic resin.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as an effective lubricant in hard transparent products.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless to yellow liquid, low-temperature white crystals.

Dibutyltin dilaurate soluble in the most common ,such as benzene, toluene, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, ethanol, petroleum ether and other solvents and various industrial plasticizers, Dibutyltin dilaurate is insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate promotes rapid gelation and tack-free times.

Dibutyltin dilaurate improves mechanical properties in molded and slabstock foams.
Dibutyltin dilaurate accelerates the chemical reactions of syntheses processes and technical applications, based on chemical reactive groups, especially polyol- and isocyanate-groups.

This allows optimal control of cross linking reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurateensures fast blocking stability and earlier processing of polyurethane coatings (provides increased film hardness, earlier chemical resistance and allows earlier sanding of the coating).

The use of Dibutyltin dilaurate in stoving enamels results in lower reaction temperatures or reduced reaction time, even for systems formulated with blocked reaction components.
In case of special silicones, Dibutyltin dilaurate accelerates the cross linking of individual components and enables to build-up a certain required polymer structure.



DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE AS CATALYST FOR SILICONES:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a universally applicable catalyst for the crosslinking of cold vulcanizing silicone rubbers and silane-modified polymers and is widely used: from “construction market” silicone for sealing tiles at home to industrial applications such as in the production of cables, cast resin systems or RTV sealants used in the automotive industry.
Two modes of action are possible:

The DBTL catalyst supports the curing of room temperature crosslinking silicone rubbers.
Exposed to the air, the ambient humidity reacts with the tin compound and the silicone mass solidifies.
Dibutyltin dilaurate accelerates this reaction and provides better processing properties.
Alternatively used two-component silicones harden not only by contact with the humidity, but require a second reaction partner to be supplied.



DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE AS CATALYST FOR POLYURETHANE SYSTEMS:
Another application of dibutyltin dilaurate is the production of polyurethanes for a wide variety of end applications: hard foams, sealants, adhesives, paints and coatings or large floors, ….
As an additive, DBTL accelerates the connection of the individual reaction partners in order to reduce the curing time.
For example, it is a common crosslinking catalyst that can be used for 2-component urethanes in the automotive industry or for other industrial applications, such as the coating of tanks, pipelines or floor coverings.

On silica adsorbed, DBTL is used in urethane-based powder coatings for areas that have to withstand high weather loads.
Soft and solid PU foams are a standard solution for plastic molded parts that have to withstand loads in everyday life, such as seats or cladding.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also a widely used gelling catalyst.
The application possibilities also include elastomers.



PREPARATION METHOD of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
ethyl iodide is produced by the reaction of butanol with iodine and phosphorus.
Iodoethane reacts with tin powder and magnesium powder to produce iodobutyltin, which is refined and treated with caustic soda to obtain dibutyltin oxide.
Dibutyltin oxide and lauric acid are condensed at 60 °c to form dibutyltin laurate.



DECOMPOSOTION of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes.



REACTIVITY of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Dibutyltin dilaurate is very stable in aqueous solution, but in alkaline solution at room temperature, hydrolysis.



ADVANTAGES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Excellent weather resistance
*Outstanding heat resistance
*Great transparency
*Odorless
*Superb catalyst reaction efficiency



COMPOUND TYPE of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Household Toxin
*Industrial/Workplace Toxin
*Organic Compound
*Organometallic
*Synthetic Compound
*Tin Compound



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Straight chain fatty acids
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organotin compounds
*Organic salts
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Straight chain fatty acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organic salt
*Organotin compound
*Organooxygen compound
*Organometallic compound
*Organic post-transition metal moeity
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
Chemical formula: (CH3(CH2)10CO2)Sn((CH2)3CH3)2
Molar mass: 631.570 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless oily liquid or soft waxy crystals
Odor: Fatty
Density: 1.066 g/cm3
Melting point: 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K)
Boiling point: 205 °C at 1.3 kPa
Solubility in water: Practically insoluble (less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (20 °C))
Solubility: Practically insoluble in methanol
Soluble in: petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, ether, carbon tetrachloride, organic esters
Vapor pressure:
Refractive index (nD): 1.4683 at 20 °C (for light at wavelength of 589.29 nm)
Viscosity: 42 cP
Appearance: colorless to yellow liquid
Tin content: 17.0~19.0%
Density at 25℃: 1.06g/ml
Boiling point at 12mmHg: ＞205℃
Flash point, Tag closed cup: 113℃
Refractive index (25℃): 1.471
Compound Formula: C32H64O4Sn
Molecular Weight: 631.56
Appearance: Yellow liquid

Melting Point: 22-24 °C
Boiling Point: 205 °C
Density: 1.066 g/mL
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 632.382655
Monoisotopic Mass: 632.382655
Molecular Weight: 631.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 30
Exact Mass: 632.382663
Monoisotopic Mass: 632.382663
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6 Ų

Heavy Atom Count: 37
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 477
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Appearance: yellow liquid to paste (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.06600 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index: 1.47100 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 23.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 560.00 to 561.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.120
Soluble in: water, 3 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Physical state: solid
Color: colorless, to, light yellow
Odor: fatty odor
Melting point: 28,5 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 205 °C at 130 hPa - (ECHA)
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 189 - 193 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: > 250 °C -
pH: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility 0,00143 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water Pow: 27.700; log Pow: 4,44 at 21 °C
Vapor pressure: < 0,01 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1,066 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Appearance: Yellowish oily liquid
Tin Content: 18.2
Density: 1.05±0.02
Refractive Index: 1.468±0.001
Boiling Point: ＞204℃/12mm
Melting Point: 22-24℃
Freezing Point: ≤8℃
Flash Point: ＞230℃
Volatile: ≤0.4%

Boiling point: >250 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 191 °C
Ignition temperature: >200 °C
Melting Point: 25 - 27 °C
Vapor pressure: Solubility:
Formula: (C4H9)2Sn(OOC(CH2)10CH3)2 / C32H64O4Sn
Molecular mass: 631.6
Boiling point at 1.3kPa: 205°C
Melting point: 22-24°C
Vapour pressure: negligible
Solubility in water: none
Flash point: 191°C
Density (at 20°C): 1.05 g/cm³
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 4.44
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point: 560.5±19.0 °C at 760 mmHg

Melting Point: 22-24°C
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn
Molecular Weight: 631.558
Flash Point: 292.8±21.5 °C
Exact Mass: 632.382690
PSA: 52.60000
LogP: 17.44
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Stability: Stability Combustible.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Water Solubility: Freezing Point: 8℃



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
-After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
[Dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Butynorate
Davainex
DBTDL
DBTL
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Dibutyltindilaurate
Lauric acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
Stabilizer D-22
T 12 (catalyst)
Tinostat
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
DSSTox_CID_4961
DSSTox_RID_77599
DSSTox_GSID_24961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
DTXSID6024961
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
ZINC169743348
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)stannane
Dibutyl bis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylzinnbislaurat
Butylzinn Dilaurat
Dibutylbis (lauroyloxy) stannan
Dibutylbis ((1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannan
DBTDL
DBTL
DI-N-BUTYLDILAURYLTIN
DI-N-BUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DIBUTYLBIS(LAUROYLOXY)STANNANE
DIBUTYLBIS(LAUROYLOXY)TIN
DIBUTYLTIN DIDODECANOATE
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
DIBUTYLTIN(IV) DILAURATE
DIBUTYLTIN LAURATE
DBTDL, Dabco T-12, DBTL
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Butynorate
Cata-Chek 820
DBTL
DXR 81
Davainex
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Fomrez sul-4
KS 20
Kosmos 19
Lankromark LT 173
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
Laustan-B
Mark 1038
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Neostann U 100
Ongrostab BLTM
SM 2014C
Stabilizer D-22
Stanclere DBTL
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Stavincor 1200 SN
Stavinor 1200 SN
T 12
T 12 (VAN)
T 12 (catalyst)
TN 12
TN 12 (catalyst)
TVS Tin Lau
TVS-TL 700
Therm chek 820
Thermolite T 12
Tin dibutyl dilaurate
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Tinostat
UN2788 (liquid)
UN3146 (solid)
Aids010213
Aids-010213
Ditin butyl dilaurate(dibutyl bis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-Stannane)
dibutyltin(IV) dodecanoate
Two dibutyltin dilaurate
The two butyltintwo lauricacid;Dibutyltin dilaurate 95%
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Di-n-butylin dilaurate
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
DBTL
BT-25
dibutyltin
dodecanoate
Dibutyltin Laurate
Dibutyltindilaurate
Dibutyltin Dilaurate
Di-n-butyldilauryltin
Di-N-Butyltin Dilaurate
Dibutyltin(Iv) Dilaurate
Dibutyltin Didodecanoate
Dibutylbis(Lauroyloxy)Tin
dibutyl(didodecyl)stannane
Dibutylbis(Lauroyloxy)Stannane

DI-C12-13 ALKYL MALATE Nom INCI : DI-C12-13 ALKYL MALATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Dibutyltin dilaurate is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.
Clear yellow viscous liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of dibutyltin dilaurate are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst.

In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.

Dibutyltin dilaurate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: Freezing Point: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits: ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin dilaurate (77-58-7)

Uses
Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and Dibutyltin dilaurate has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin dilaurate is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now it has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is toxic materials.

Stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins.
Catalyst for curing certain silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin dilaurate acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin dilaurate has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Production method
Dibutyltin dilaurate is condensed by DBTO and lauric acid at 60℃.
After condensation, vacuum dehydration, cooling, pressure filtration derived products.

Reactivity Profile
Dibutyltin dilaurate is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can be absorbed through the skin.
It irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
It is a neurotoxin.
It can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with dibutyltin dilaurate include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is combustible.
Dibutyltin dilaurate's vapor is denser than air, so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin dilaurate emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Laustan-B
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
TN 12 (catalyst)
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Stavincor 1200 SN
KS 20
TN 12
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
DTXSID6024961
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
MFCD00008963
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
AI3-26331
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]stannane
CAS-77-58-7
Butyl norate
Stabilizer D 22
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
LS-1710
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959

DESCRIPTION:
Dibutyltin dilaurate (abbreviated DBTDL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst .


CAS Number: 77-58-7
EC Number, 201-039-8
IUPAC Name: [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
Molecular Formula: C32H64O4Sn

SYNONYMS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):

DBTDL;dbtl;t12;tn12;davainex;tinostat;butynorate;DI-N-BUTYLTIN DILAURATE;Dibutyltin dilaurate 95%;bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-stannan, Di-n-butyltin dilaurate, Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane, Dibutylbis(laurato)tin, Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin, Dibutylstannylene dilaurate, Dibutyltin didodecanoate, Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate, Tin dibutyl dilaurate, Dodecanoic acid,1,1′-(dibutylstannylene) ester;Dibutyltin dilaurate;Stannane,dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Stannane,dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-;Tin,dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Lauric acid,dibutylstannylene deriv.;Butynorate;DBTL;Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin;Stabilizer D 22;Tin dibutyl dilaurate;Stanclere DBTL;Davainex;TVS Tin Lau;Dibutyltin didodecanoate;Dibutylbis(laurato)tin;Mark 1038;Tinostat;Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate;Stavinor 1200SN;Dibutylstannylene dilaurate;T 12;TVS-TL 700;Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane;Stann SB 430A;KS 20;Neostann U 100;Stanclere TL;DBTDL;Cata-Chek 820;Mark BT 18;TN 12 (catalyst);TN 12;Thermolite T 12;SM 2014C;Di-n-butyltin dilaurate;Stann BL;DXR 81;Lankromark LT 173;Ongrostab BLTM;Kosmos 19;Mark BT 11;TVS-TL 800;Advastab T 12P;BL 42A;Dabco T 12;CAT 11;SCAT 1;CAT 11 (catalyst);Fascat 4202;Metacure T 12;U 100;Meister ZL 4401;BT 18;TL 1000;ADK Stab BT 11;Nitto 8501;BT 11;Cotin 200;Tegokat 218;Thorcat 401;C 101;C 101 (stabilizer);Fomrez SUL 4;NSC 2607;Metatin 712;Jeffcat T 12;TL 1000 (catalyst);DOD-D 82727;Dabco T 12N;SD-L 101;Liocat 118;SUL 4;TL 10;TL 10 (catalyst);DBTD;TinStab BL 277;Desmorapid Z;ZT 102;Octaflow BT 71;SCAT 1W;Baerostab DBTL/C;Reatinor 932;Metatin K 712;Mark DBTL;Liocat 119;Niax T 12;CP;K 1 Type A;CP (catalyst);D 22;KS 1260;DBTL-KS 1260;Mark BT 1;Embilizer L 101;L 101;Reaxis C 218;Addocat 210;KS 120;A 201;Gleck TL;Foamate S 9;D 80;358-50-9;7428-79-7;8028-83-9;70620-28-9;125199-87-3;185915-28-0;211990-09-9;1204812-53-2;1542381-47-4;1702279-08-0;1702279-15-9;2056906-49-9
Butynorate
Davainex
dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
dibutyltin dilaurate
Tinostat
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959








Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organotin compound.
Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.
Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of dibutyltin dilaurate are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, Dibutyltin dilaurate also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.


PRODUCTION METHOD OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Dibutyltin dilaurate is condensed by DBTO and lauric acid at 60℃.
After condensation, vacuum dehydration, cooling, pressure filtration derived products.


DECOMPOSITION OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C[2]), dibutyltin dilaurate emits acrid smoke and fumes

In terms of its structure, the molecule of dibutyltin dilaurate consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom

USES OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but Dibutyltin dilaurate has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For it is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin dilaurate can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.

Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin dilaurate can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin dilaurate has developed a number of modified varieties.

Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
The product is toxic materials.
Rat oral is LD50 of 175mg/kg.


Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is an organotin compound that is used as a catalyst.
Dibutyltin dilaurate is a colourless oily liquid.
In terms of its structure, the molecule consists of two laurate groups attached to a dibutyltin(IV) center.


Dibutyltin Dilaurate, also known as DBTDL, is an organotin compound used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from diols and isocyanates.
Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.




BENEFITS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE CATALYSTS FOR POLYURETHANE COATINGS:
Dibutyltin Dilaurate improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties.
This catalyst can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers.

APPLICATIONS OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Ideal applications for Dibutyltin Dilaurate include solvent-based, chemical cross-linking, two-component polyurethane systems.


FEATURES OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Dibutyltin Dilaurate is Suitable to accelerate the cross-linking process of solvent-based two-component PU coatings
Dibutyltin Dilaurate Improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water

Dibutyltin Dilaurate Enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties
Dibutyltin Dilaurate Can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers






CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
Chemical formula, (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2
Molar mass, 631.570 g•mol−1
Appearance, Colourless oily liquid or soft waxy crystals
Odor, Fatty
Density, 1.066 g/cm3
Melting point, 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K)
Boiling point, 205 °C at 1.3 kPa
Solubility in water, Practically insoluble (less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (20 °C))
Solubility, Practically insoluble in methanol
Soluble in petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, ether, carbon tetrachloride, organic esters
Vapor pressure, Refractive index (nD), 1.4683 at 20 °C (for light at wavelength of 589.29 nm)
Viscosity, 42 cP
vapor pressure
0.2 mmHg ( 160 °C)
Quality Level
200
Assay
95%
refractive index
n20/D 1.471 (lit.)
density
1.066 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Metal content , Sn: 18.2 – 18.9 %
Non-volatile content , >= 95.00 % ASTM D 1644
Viscosity , A-3 to C ASTM D 2373
Specific gravity , 1.02 – 1.07 (25°C) ASTM D 1963
STORAGE
Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from sources of ignition.
Store in original container.
Store in accordance with local regulations.
Keep at temperatures between 5 °C and 30 °C.
CAS number, 77-58-7
EC number, 201-039-8
Hill Formula, C₃₂H₆₄O₄Sn
Molar Mass, 631.56 g/mol
HS Code, 2931 90 00
Boiling point, >250 °C (1013 hPa)
Density, 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point, 191 °C
Ignition temperature, >200 °C
Melting Point, 25 - 27 °C
Vapor pressure, Solubility, Molecular Weight
631.6 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
30
Exact Mass
632.382663 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
632.382663 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count
37
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
477
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Melting point, 22-24°C
Boiling point, >204°C/12mm
Density, 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure, 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
refractive index, n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Flash point, >230 °F
storage temp., Store below +30°C.
solubility, <1.43mg/l
form, Oily Liquid
color, Clear pale yellow
Specific Gravity, 1.066
Water Solubility, FreezingPoint, 8℃
Merck, 14,3038
BRN, 4156980
Exposure limits, ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability, Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey, UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP, 3.120
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances, DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE
FDA 21 CFR, 175.300; 177.1680
CAS DataBase Reference, 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII, L4061GMT90
EPA Substance Registry System, Dibutyltin dilaurate (77-58-7)
Boiling point, 205 °C
Density, 1.043 g/ml @ 28.50 ºC
Flash point, ± 191.00 °C
Melting point, 28.50 °C
Partition coefficient (log Pow), 4.44
Solubility in water, Insoluble (< 0.1 mg/l)
Vapour pressure, 7.7 x 10-6 Pa @ 25°C
PSA：
52.60000
XLogP3：
10.95700
Appearance：
yellow liquid
Density：
1.05 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point：
22-24 °C
Boiling Point：
205 °C @ Press: 9.8 Torr
Flash Point：
226ºC
Refractive Index：
n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Water Solubility：
H2O: Vapor Pressure：
0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Vapor Density：
21.8 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)|21.8 (Air = 1)
Toxicity：
LD50 orally in Rabbit: 175 mg/kg
Air and Water Reactions：
This compound may be sensitive to air or heat. (NTP, 1992). Insoluble in water.
Reactive Group：
Salts, Basic
Reactivity Profile：
DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE is strongly reactive with many other groups. Incompatible with acids and bases. Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIBUTYLTIN DILAURATE (DBTDL):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.
Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

Synonyms
DBTDL;Aids010213;Aids-010213;Ditin butyl dilaurate(dibutyl bis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-Stannane);dibutyltin(IV) dodecanoate;Two dibutyltin dilaurate;The two butyltintwo lauricacid;Dibutyltin dilaurate 95%;Dibutyltin dilaurate;77-58-7;Di-n-butyltin dilaurate;Butynorate;Davainex;Tinostat;Stanclere DBTL;Dibutyltin laurate;Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin;Stabilizer D-22;TVS Tin Lau;DBTL;T 12 (catalyst);Dibutylbis(laurato)tin;Dibutyltin didodecanoate;Stavinor 1200 SN;Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate;Ongrostab BLTM;Fomrez sul-4;Dibutylstannylene dilaurate;Thermolite T 12;Mark 1038;Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane;Kosmos 19;Therm chek 820;Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-;TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE;Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat;Neostann U 100;Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Cata-Chek 820;Lankromark LT 173;TVS-TL 700;Dibutylstannium dilaurate;Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-;Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-;Laudran di-n-butylcinicity;Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt;Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.;dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate;Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-;T 12;[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate;KS 20;TN 12;Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate);Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane;Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.;DTXSID6024961;MFCD00008963;NCGC00166115-01;Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-;Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester;dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester;DTXCID404961;Laustan-B;CAS-77-58-7;Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate;TN 12 (catalyst);Stavincor 1200 SN;Mark BT 11;Mark BT 18;Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane;Butyl norate;CCRIS 4786;DXR 81;Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German];HSDB 5214;T 12 (VAN);Stabilizer D 22

Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: FreezingPoint: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin dilaurate (77-58-7)

Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a catalyst.
In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Uses
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but it has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.

In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is toxic materials.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.

Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.
Clear yellow viscous liquid.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) may be sensitive to air or heat.
Insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.
Stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins.
Catalyst for curing certain silicones.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is condensed by DBTO and lauric acid at 60℃.

After condensation, vacuum dehydration, cooling, pressure filtration derived products.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Hazards and Toxicity
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is a neurotoxin.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is combustible.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL)'s vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTL) is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is used as a catalyst.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst improves the drying of chemically curing systems favoring the isocyanate/polyol reaction over other side reactions such as isocyanate/water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst enhances scratch resistance, hardness, and mechanical properties.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be used to aid the curing process of polyurethanes, silicone resins, RTV silicone resins, and silane modified polymers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is an organotin compound that is usually abbreviated to DBTL or DBTDL.
The colorless to yellowish liquid has an oily consistency, is extremely flammable and gives off a fatty acid-like smell.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is soluble in acetone, methanol or other organic solvents, but is practically insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst catalyzes esterification reactions, transesterification reactions and polycondensation reactions and has become the industry standard for coatings, adhesives, solvents and elastomers.

Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: FreezingPoint: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst (77-58-7)

Uses
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but it has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.

Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now it has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is toxic materials.

Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.

Hazards and toxicity
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is a neurotoxin.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is combustible.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst's vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.
Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and it can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst.
In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: FreezingPoint: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) (77-58-7)
It is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.

Uses
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but it has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.
In hard products, Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is toxic materials.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Reactivity Profile
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) may be sensitive to air or heat.
Insoluble in water.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is a neurotoxin.

Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is combustible.
Its vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin laurate ( Polyurethane Catalyst) is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organotin compound with the formula (CH3(CH2)10CO2)2Sn((CH2)3CH3)2.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is a colorless viscous and oily liquid.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst.

CAS: 77-58-7
MF: C32H64O4Sn
MW: 631.56
EINECS: 201-039-8

In terms of its structure, the molecule of Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) consists of two laurate groups and two butyl groups attached to a tin(IV) atom.
The molecular geometry at tin is tetrahedral.
Based on the crystal structure of the related bis(bromobenzoate), the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups are weakly bonded to tin atom.
Upon heating to decomposition temperature (which is above 250 °C), Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is an organic tin additives, and can be soluble in benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and other organic solvents and all industrial plasticizers, but insoluble in water.

Multipurpose high-boiling organic tin catalyst circulation of Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) are usually specially treated liquefaction, and at room temperature as a pale yellow or colorless oily liquid, when low temperature as white crystals, and Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used for PVC additives, it also has excellent lubricity, transparency, weather resistance, and better resistance for sulfide pollution.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can also uesd the stabilizer of the soft transparent products and efficient lubricants in hard transparent products, and can also be used acrylate rubber and rubber carboxyl crosslinking reaction, the catalyst of synthesis of polyurethane foam and polyester synthetic, and RTV silicone rubber.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) may be sensitive to air or heat.
Insoluble in water.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 22-24°C
Boiling point: >204°C/12mm
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 160 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.471(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: <1.43mg/l
Form: Oily Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.066
Color: Clear pale yellow
Water Solubility: Freezing Point: 8℃
Merck: 14,3038
BRN: 4156980
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3; STEL 0.2 mg/m3 (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May be air sensitive.
InChIKey: UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L
LogP: 3.120
CAS DataBase Reference: 77-58-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) (77-58-7)
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is pale yellow flammable liquid, and soluble in acetone and benzene, can not dissolve in water.

Uses
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a paint additive.
Together with dibutyltin dioctanoate, Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for polyurethane production from isocyanates and diols.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is also useful as a catalyst for transesterification and for the room temperature vulcanization of silicones.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is also used as a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, vinyl ester resins, lacquers, and elastomers.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is also added to animal feed to remove cecal worms, roundworms, and tapeworms in chickens and turkeys and to prevent or provide treatment against hexamitosis and coccidiosis.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as PVC heat stabilizers, and it is the earliest used varieties in organotin stabilizers, heat resistance is less than tributyltin maleate, but Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) has excellent lubricity, weather resistance and transparency can be ok, and it has good compatibility with plasticizers, non-blooming, non-sulfide pollution, no adverse effects on heat sealing and printability.
For Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is liquid at room temperature, so the dispersion in plastic is better than solid stabilizer.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is mainly used in soft transparent products or semi-soft products, generally in an amount of 1-2%.

In hard products, Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be used as lubricant, and when used with maleic acid organic tin or thiol-containing organic tin can improve the fluidity of the resin material.
Compared with other organic tin, the goods early color large will cause yellow discoloration.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as catalysts of synthesizing polyurethane, the curing agents of silicone rubber.
In order to enhance the thermal stability, transparency, compatibility with resins, as well as improve the impact strength for hard products and its other properties, now Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) has developed a number of modified varieties.
Lauric acid and other fatty acids is generally added in the category of pure, the epoxy ester or other metal soap stabilizer is also added in.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is toxic materials.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is used as a catalyst for the production of polyurethanes as well as for the transesterification reactions.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is involved in the vulcanization of silicones and a stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) acts as a rust inhibitor for polyurethanes, polyols, silicones and as a fuel additive.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) has been used as a catalyst in a protocol for the covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to silicon oxide to form a hydrophilic non-fouling surface.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can also be used as a catalyst in the preparation of polymers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated macromonomers and aliphatic diisocyanates.

Hazards and Toxicity
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can be absorbed through the skin.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) irritates skin and eyes (causes redness of skin and eyes).
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is a neurotoxin.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) can cause injuries to the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.
The symptoms of poisoning with dibutyltin dilaurate include nausea, headache, muscular weakness and even paralysis.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is combustible.

Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst)'s vapor is denser than air (21.8 times denser than air), so it can spread on the floors, forming explosive mixtures with air.
On fire, Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) emits irritating and toxic fumes and smoke which contain tin, tin oxides and carbon oxides.
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is very reactive with acids and oxidizers.

Reactivity Profile
Dibutyltin laurate (Polyurethane Catalyst) is strongly reactive with many other groups.
Incompatible with acids and bases.
Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents.

Synonyms
Dibutyltin dilaurate
77-58-7
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate
Butynorate
Davainex
Tinostat
Stanclere DBTL
Dibutyltin laurate
Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)tin
Stabilizer D-22
TVS Tin Lau
DBTL
T 12 (catalyst)
Dibutylbis(laurato)tin
Dibutyltin didodecanoate
Stavinor 1200 SN
Dibutyltin n-dodecanoate
Ongrostab BLTM
Fomrez sul-4
Dibutylstannylene dilaurate
Thermolite T 12
Mark 1038
Bis(lauroyloxy)di(n-butyl)stannane
Kosmos 19
Therm chek 820
Stannane, dibutylbis[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-
TIN DIBUTYL DILAURATE
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat
Neostann U 100
Tin, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Cata-Chek 820
Lankromark LT 173
TVS-TL 700
Dibutylstannium dilaurate
Stannane, bis(lauroyloxy)dibutyl-
Stannane, dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)-
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene salt
Lauric acid, dibutyltin deriv.
dibutylstannanediyl didodecanoate
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy) di-n-butyl-
T 12
[dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate
KS 20
TN 12
Tin, di-n-butyl-, di(dodecanoate)
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyl)oxy)stannane
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene deriv.
DTXSID6024961
MFCD00008963
NCGC00166115-01
Stannane, dibutylbis((1-oxododecyl)oxy)-
Dodecanoic acid, 1,1'-(dibutylstannylene) ester
dodecanoic acid [dibutyl(1-oxododecoxy)stannyl] ester
DTXCID404961
Laustan-B
CAS-77-58-7
Dibutyl-tin-dilaurate
TN 12 (catalyst)
Stavincor 1200 SN
Mark BT 11
Mark BT 18
Dibutylbis(lauroxy)stannane
Butyl norate
CCRIS 4786
DXR 81
Dibutyl-zinn-dilaurat [German]
HSDB 5214
T 12 (VAN)
Stabilizer D 22
Laudran di-n-butylcinicity [Czech]
NSC 2607
SM 2014C
EINECS 201-039-8
Dibutyltin dillaurate
Metacure T-12
Stannane, bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butyl
Tin, di(dodecanoate)
di-n-Butylin dilaurate
AI3-26331
ADK STAB BT-11
Dibutyltin dilaurate, 95%
UNII-L4061GMT90
NSC2607
Lauric acid, dibutyltin derivative
Dibutylbis(1-oxododecyloxy)stannane
Bis(dodecanoyloxy)di-n-butylstannane
Tox21_112324
Dibutyl[bis(dodecanoyloxy)]stannane #
AKOS028109931
Dibutyltin dilaurate, SAJ first grade
Tox21_112324_1
Dibutyltin dilaurate, Selectophore(TM)
WLN: 11VO-SN-4&4&OV11
Lauric acid, dibutylstannylene derivative
NCGC00166115-02
PD163675
Di-n-butyltin dilaurate (18 - 19% Sn)
FT-0624688
E78905
EC 201-039-8
A839138
Q-200959

DI-C12-13 ALKYL TARTRATE, N° CAS : 94095-06-4, Nom INCI : DI-C12-13 ALKYL TARTRATE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 302-210-0 Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

DI-C12-15 ALKYL FUMARATE, Nom INCI : DI-C12-15 ALKYL FUMARATE Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances

DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 7757-93-9, Nom INCI : DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Calcium hydrogenorthophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-826-1, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance.Agent de foisonnement : Réduit la densité apparente des cosmétiques. Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)

CALCII HYDROGENOPHOSPHAS DIHYDRICUS; CALCIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; CALCIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE-2-HYDRATE; CALCIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM MONOHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC, DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, DIBASIC; DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE; PHOSPHORIC ACID CALCIUM SALT, DIHYDRATE; Calciumhydrogenphosphate,dih; Calciumhydrogenphosphate,medicinal; Phosphoricacid,calciumsalt(1:1),dihydrate; DICALCIUM PHOSPHAT; CALCIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE-2-HYDRATEEXTRA PURE, DAB, PH.; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC DIHYDRATE PH EUR; CALCIUM HYDROGENPHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE 98%; CalciumPhosphateDibasicDihydrateUsp; Dicalciumphosphate,precipitate; Calciumhydrogenphosphatedihyrdate,98%min CAS NO:7789-77-7

DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, N° CAS : 7757-93-9 / 7789-77-7, Nom INCI : DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE, Nom chimique : Calcium hydrogenorthophosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-826-1, Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance.Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection)

Dioctylcarbonat; Dioctyl carbonate; DICAPRYLYL CARBONATE; Dicaprylyl Carbonate 99%; Carbonic acid, dioctyl ester; UNII-609A3V1SUA; 609A3V1SUA; dicaprylyl carbonat; di-1-octyl carbonate; carbonic acid dioctyl ester CAS NO:1680-31-5

Carbonic acid,dioctyl ester; Di-n-octyl-carbonate; Kohlensaeure-di-n-octylester; Dioctyl carbonate; octyl carbonate; Dioctylcarbonat; cas no: 1680-31-5

DICAPRYLYL ETHER, N° CAS : 629-82-3, Nom INCI : DICAPRYLYL ETHER, Nom chimique : Dioctyl ether, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 211-112-6, Classification : Huile estérifiée. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. 1-(Octyloxy)octan [German] 1-(Octyloxy)octane 1-(Octyloxy)octane [French] 1,1'-Oxybisoctane 1748226 211-112-6 [EINECS] 629-82-3 [RN] 8O8 [WLN] Caprylic ether Dicaprylyl ether Di-n-octyl ether Dioctyl ether Ether, di-n-octyl- MFCD00009563 n-Dioctyl ether Octane, 1,1'-oxybis- [ACD/Index Name] Octyl ether RH8800000 [629-82-3] 1-octoxyoctane Antar [Wiki] Cetiol OE dicapryl ether Di-n-Octylether dioctylether EINECS 211-112-6 n-Octyl Ether n-Octylether Octane, 1,1'-oxybis-, octyloxyoctane TL8004344

Dicaprylyl maleate Dicaprylyl maleate is classified as : Emollient Skin conditioning Solvent CAS Number 2915-53-9 EINECS/ELINCS No: 220-835-6 COSING REF No: 75673 Chem/IUPAC Name: Dioctyl maleate Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) has been reported rarely as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The objectives of this study were to identify patients from multiple centres with allergy to Dicaprylyl maleate in cosmetic products confirmed by patch testing and, in addition, to investigate the effect of testing with aged DCM. This is an international multicentre study of 22 patients with 26 reactions to products containing DCM. Patch testing was carried out to ingredients including Dicaprylyl maleate obtained from the manufacturer. Further testing was carried out with deliberately aged Dicaprylyl maleate in a sample of patients. 22 patients had clinical and positive patch test reactions at 4 days to a total of 26 cosmetic products containing DCM. 5 patients did not react to Dicaprylyl maleate prepared by the manufacturer from concurrent factory stock but did have positive reactions to a deliberately aged batch of Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate is an emerging cosmetic allergen. Testing with aged material yields a greater number of positive results. Co-operation between cosmetics manufacturers and clinicians is important in the identification of new allergens. Molecular Weight of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.5 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3-AA of Dicaprylyl maleate 7 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 4 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 18 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.26136 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Dicaprylyl maleate 340.26136 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Dicaprylyl maleate 52.6 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 24 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Dicaprylyl maleate 305 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 1 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Dicaprylyl maleate 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Dicaprylyl maleate Is Canonicalized Yes Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) has been reported rarely as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The objectives of this study were to identify patients from multiple centres with allergy to Dicaprylyl maleate in cosmetic products confirmed by patch testing and, in addition, to investigate the effect of testing with aged DCM. This is an international multicentre study of 22 patients with 26 reactions to products containing DCM. Patch testing was carried out to ingredients including Dicaprylyl maleate obtained from the manufacturer. Further testing was carried out with deliberately aged Dicaprylyl maleate in a sample of patients. 22 patients had clinical and positive patch test reactions at 4 days to a total of 26 cosmetic products containing DCM. 5 patients did not react to Dicaprylyl maleate prepared by the manufacturer from concurrent factory stock but did have positive reactions to a deliberately aged batch of Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate is an emerging cosmetic allergen. Testing with aged material yields a greater number of positive results. Co-operation between cosmetics manufacturers and clinicians is important in the identification of new allergens. NCI name: Dicaprylyl maleate Alternative names: Bernel EsterDom, Dicaprylylmaleat Origin: Different Definition:Dioctyl maleate INCI function:Emollient, Solvent CAS-No.2915-53-9 EINECS/EILINCS-No.220-835-6 Dicaprylyl maleate is an intermediate used in several chemical production processes. Dicaprylyl maleate is also used in coating applications, and as a phthalate-free alternative to common phthalate-based plasticizers such as Dicaprylyl maleate . Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) Dicaprylyl maleate is a clear, virtually colorless liquid with an ester-like odor.Dicaprylyl maleate can be used in organic synthesis, e.g. in the production of derivatives of succinic acid. Dicaprylyl maleate is also used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives. Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Dicaprylyl maleate transposes into the corresponding fumaric-acid dialkyl ester. Dicaprylyl maleate (DCM) CAS# 142-16-5 DOWNLOAD SPECSREQUEST QUOTE PROPERTY Appearance Color Ester Content Specific Gravity Moisture UNIT APHA % % SPECIFICATION Clear 50 Maximum 98.5 Minimum 0.939-0.945 0.20 Maximum APPLICATION Dicaprylyl maleate is a maleic acid that can act as a plasticizer and is used in resins to provide elasticity and flexibility. Dicaprylyl maleate is a co-monomer which can be polymerized with vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride (PVC), acrylates as well as stearates. These types of polymerizations with Dicaprylyl maleate can be used in the production of adhesives, emulsion paints, surfactants, textile coatings and wetting agents. GRADES AVAILABLE Technical SYNONYMS Bis(2-ethylhexyl) maleate, di(2-ethylhexyl) maleate (DEHM), Maleic Acid Di(2-ethylhexyl) Ester, Maleic Acid Dioctyl Ester

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is sensitive to heat.
Storage of Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate must be done so with stringent temperature control measures.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate's explosion hazard is also mitigated by mixing the peroxide with inert solid.

CAS: 26322-14-5
MF: C34H66O6
MW: 570.88
EINECS: 247-611-0

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is sensitive to heat.
Storage of this material must be done so with stringent temperature control measures.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate's explosion hazard is also mitigated by mixing the peroxide with inert solid.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is an initiator for polymerization of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, (meth)acrylates and HMS-PP production by reactive extrusion process.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is used in the temperature range between 45°C and 65°C.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate may be used in combination with other peroxides such as 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxyneodecanoate (Trigonox 423), Cumyl peroxyneodecanoate (Trigonox 99) or Dilauroyl peroxide (Laurox) to increase reactor efficiency.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate possesses low water solubility, low vapor pressure and is quickly and evenly distributed into the monomer.
The shelf life of the Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is 3 months.

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 52 °C
Boiling point: 592.2±33.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 0.936±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Water Solubility: 1μg/L at 20℃
LogP: 15.1 at 25℃
EPA Substance Registry System: Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate (26322-14-5)

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is a white powder with faint odor.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate presents a bulk density of 0.6 g/cm3 andmelting point of 52°C.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is sensitive to heat and its storage must be done so with stringent temperature control measures.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate's explosion hazard is mitigated by mixing the peroxide with inert solid.
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate decomposes violently or explosively at temperatures 0–10°C owing to self-accelerating exothermic decomposition.
Several recorded explosions were due to shock, heat, or friction; amines and certain metals can cause accelerated decomposition (12d).

Uses
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate is an imitator for the copolymerization of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylates, and methacrylates.
No information was located for this compound.
Decomposition or combustion products include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hexadecanol.

Reactivity Profile
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate decomposes violently or explosively at temperatures 0-10° C.
Lowing to self-accelerating exothermic decomposition; Several explosions were due to shock, heat or friction; amines and certain metals can cause accelerated decomposition.

Synonyms
Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate
26322-14-5
Perkadox 24W40
Dihexadecyl peroxydicarbonate
DIHEXADECYL PEROXODICARBONATE
Peroxydicarbonic acid, dihexadecyl ester
Peroxydicarbonic acid, C,C'-dihexadecyl ester
XE3V3NKT2E
Lupersol 216
EINECS 247-611-0
UNII-XE3V3NKT2E
hexadecoxycarbonyloxy hexadecyl carbonate
EC 247-611-0
SCHEMBL261987
DTXSID1051937
Q27293802

DICETYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 1812-53-9, Nom INCI : DICETYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE, Nom chimique : Dihexadecyldimethylammonium chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 217-325-0, Classification : Ammonium quaternaire. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

DICHLOROBENZYL ALCOHOL, N° CAS : 1777-82-8, Nom INCI : DICHLOROBENZYL ALCOHOL, Nom chimique : 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 217-210-5, Classification : Règlementé, Alcool, Conservateur. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiqu

SYNONYMS Diclosan; Soneclosan; Tinopal HP 100; Tinosan HP 100; p-Chlorophenyl 2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenyl ether CAS NO:3380-30-1

Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether is used in cleaning compounds, paints, textile finishing, and as a general solvent.
Dichloroethyl ether does not occur naturally, but is manufactured by humans for use in the production of pesticides and other chemicals.

CAS Number: 111-44-4
EC Number: 203-870-1
Chemical Formula: (ClCH2CH2)2O
Molar Mass: 143.01 g/mol

Dichloroethyl ether is an organic compound with the formula O(CH2CH2Cl)2.
Dichloroethyl ether is an ether with two 2-chloroethyl substituents.
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong odor.
Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent for lacquers, resins and oils, and as a soil fumigant, wetting agent, cleaning compound and textile finishing agent.

Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether dissolves easily in water, and some of Dichloroethyl ether will slowly evaporate to the air.

Dichloroethyl ether does not occur naturally.
Dichloroethyl ether is made in factories, and most of Dichloroethyl ether is used to make pesticides.
Some of Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, rust inhibitor, or as a chemical intermediate to make other chemicals.

Dichloroethyl ether appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sweet pleasant or nauseating odor.
Dichloroethyl ether is denser than water and insoluble in water.

Dichloroethyl ether is toxic by inhalation and skin absorption.
Dichloroethyl ether is used in cleaning compounds, paints, textile finishing, and as a general solvent.

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is an ether.

Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless non-flammable liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether does not occur naturally, but is manufactured by humans for use in the production of pesticides and other chemicals.

Limited amounts of Dichloroethyl ether dissolve in water and also slowly evaporate into air.
In the environment, Dichloroethyl ether is broken down by bacteria in soil and water and by chemical reactions in the air, so Dichloroethyl ether does not tend to persist for long periods.

Dichloroethyl ether is a chemical compound (an ether), which contains two 2-chloroethyl groups.
Dichloroethyl ether is a clear liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Dichloroethyl ether is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dichloroethyl ether is a clear man-made liquid with a strong, fruity smell.

Dichloroethyl ether is made by industry and used as a solvent.
Solvents help dissolve other substances.
Dichloroethyl ether is used to make pesticides and other chemicals.

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is an obsolete fumigant.
Very little information has been published regarding Dichloroethyl ether environmental fate although Dichloroethyl ether is highly soluble in water.

Dichloroethyl ether is not highly toxic to aquatic organisms.
Dichloroethyl ether is highly toxic to mammals and Dichloroethyl ether may be considered to be a neurotoxin.

Dichloroethyl ether is an organic compound with the formula O(CH2CH2Cl)2.
Dichloroethyl ether is an ether with two 2-chloroethyl substituents.
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent and soil fumigant.
Dichloroethyl ether may be used in the preparation of macrocyclic polyethers, dibenzo-18-crown-6 polyether and dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 polyether.

Dichloroethyl ether is a man-made chemical that does not occur naturally.
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Dichloroethyl ether dissolves easily in water, and some will slowly evaporate to the air.

Dichloroethyl ether is mostly used as an intermediate to make pesticides and other chemicals.
Dichloroethyl ether can also be used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, and rust inhibitor.

In the environment, bis(2-chlorethyl) ether slowly evaporate from surface water and soil into the air.
Because bis(2-chlorethyl) ether dissolves in water, Dichloroethyl ether is removed from the air by rain creating a cycle between water, soil, and air.

Dichloroethyl ether does not stick strongly to the soil so some may move into the groundwater.
Dichloroethyl ether can be broken down by bacteria in water and soil.
Dichloroethyl ether does not build up (accumulate) in plants or animals.

Uses of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether is primarily used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of pesticides.
A small amount of Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent.

Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent, dewaxing agent, wetting agent, soil fumigant, and chemical intermediate.
Dichloroethyl ether is used to control earworms on corn silks; No longer used as a soil fumigant.

Dichloroethyl ether is used in pesticides.
Dichloroethyl ether is also used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, rust inhibitor, or as a chemical intermediate to make other chemicals.
Exposure occurs from consumption of drinking water that contains Dichloroethyl ether, breathing Dichloroethyl ether vapors, and dermal contact.

Dichloroethyl ether is primarily used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of pesticides.
A small amount of Dichloroethyl ether is used as a solvent.

In the past, Dichloroethyl ether was used as a solvent for fats, waxes, greases, and esters.
Dichloroethyl ether has also been used as a constituent of paints and varnishes, as a cleaning fluid for textiles, and in the purification of oils and gasoline.

Uses at industrial sites:
Dichloroethyl ether is used in the following products: polymers.
Dichloroethyl ether has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Dichloroethyl ether is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Dichloroethyl ether can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Industry Uses:
Intermediate
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Surface active agents

Consumer Uses:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Farming (Pesticides)

Physical Properties of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether is a colorless nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
The odor threshold for Dichloroethyl ether is 0.049 ppm.

The chemical formula for Dichloroethyl ether is C4H8Cl2O, and Dichloroethyl ether has a molecular weight of 143.04 g/mol.
The vapor pressure for Dichloroethyl ether is 0.71 mm Hg at 20 °C, and Dichloroethyl ether has a log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) of 1.58.

Reactions and applications of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether is less reactive than the corresponding sulfur mustard S(CH2CH2Cl)2.
In the presence of base, Dichloroethyl ether reacts with catechol to form dibenzo-18-crown-6.

Dichloroethyl ether can be used in the synthesis of the cough suppressant fedrilate.
Dichloroethyl ether is combined with benzyl cyanide and two molar equivalents of sodamide in a ring-forming reaction.

When treated with strong base, Dichloroethyl ether gives divinyl ether, an anesthetic:
O(CH2CH2Cl)2 + 2 KOH → O(CH=CH2)2 + 2 KCl + 2 H2O

Sampling Procedures of Dichloroethyl ether:
Air samples containing sym-Dichloroethyl ether are taken with a glass tube, 7 cm x 4 mm ID, containing two sections of activated coconut shell charcoal (front= 100 mg, back= 50 mg) separated by a 2 mm urethane foam plug.
A silylated glass wool plug precedes the front section and a 3 mm urethane foam plug follows the back section.
A sampling pump is connected to this tube and accurately calibrated at a flow rate of 0.01 to 1 l/min for a total sample size of 2 to 15 liters.

Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are best taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of Dichloroethyl ether.

Each measurement should consist of a fifteen (15) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totaling fifteen (15) minutes in the employee's breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee).
A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate of the employee's exposure.

EPA Method 625: Grab samples of water in municipal and industrial discharges must be collected in glass containers, amber, 1.1 l or 1 qt fitted with a screw cap lined with Teflon, except that the bottles must not be prerinsed with sample before collection.
Fill the sample bottles, and if residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg of sodium thiosulfate per liter of sample and mix well.

All samples must be iced or refrigerated from the time of collection until analysis.
All samples must be extracted within 7 days of collection and completely analyzed within 40 days of extraction.

Extraction is performed by adding 60 ml of methylene chloride to the sample in a separatory funnel and shaking.
The combined extract is then concentrated using a Kuderna-Danish apparatus.

EPA Method 1625: Collect water samples in municipal and industrial discharges in glass containers, amber, 1.1 l minimum with threaded caps lined with Teflon.
Maintain samples at 0-4 °C from the time of collection until extraction.

If residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg sodium thiosulfate per liter of water.
Extraction is performed by adding methylene chloride to the samples in a continuous liquid-liquid extractor and concentrated with a Kuderna-Danish apparatus.
Begin sample extraction within seven days of collection, and analyze all extracts within 40 days of extraction.

Analytic Laboratory Methods of Dichloroethyl ether:
A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of sym-Dichloroethyl ether consists of a stainless steel column, 3 m x 3 mm ID, packed with DMCS Chromosorb W-AW (80/100 mesh) coated with 10% FFAP, with hydrogen-air flame ionization detector, and nitrogen or helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 30 ml/min, is a NIOSH approved method.
A sample injection volume of 5 ul is suggested, the column temperature is 100 °C, the injection temperature is 200 °C, and the detection temperature is 250 °C.
This method has an estimated detection limit of 0.01 mg/sample, and a relative standard deviation of 0.007, over a working range of 10 to 270 mg/cu m for a 15 liter air sample.

EPA Method 611: A gas chromatography method for the analysis of haloethers in municipal and industrial discharges, consists of a glass column, 1.8 m x 2 mm ID, packed with Supelcoport (100/120 mesh) coated with 3% SP-1000, with a halide specific detector (electrolytic conductivity or microcoulometric), and helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 40 ml/min.
A sample injection volume of 2 to 5 ul is suggested, the column temperature is held isothermal at 60 °C for two min after injection then programmed at 8 °C/min to 230 °C and held for four min.
For Dichloroethyl ether the method has a detection limit of 0.3 ug/l and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery +0.36, over a working range of 1.0 to 626 ug/l.

EPA Method 8250: GC/MS for Semivolatile Organics: Packed Column Technique: Extracted samples are analyzed using GC coupled with mass spectrometry.
Under the prescribed conditions, Dichloroethyl ether has a detection limit of 5.7 ug/l, a retention time of 8.4 min, and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery + 0.10 ug/l, over a working range of 5-1300 ug/l.

EPA Method 8270: GC/MS for Semivolatile Organics: Capillary Column Technique: Extracted samples are analyzed using GC coupled with mass spectrometry.
Under the prescribed conditions, Dichloroethyl ether has a retention time of 5.82 min and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery + 0.10 ug/l, over a working range of 5-1300 ug/l.

Handling and Storage of Dichloroethyl ether:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

Stop leak if you can do Dichloroethyl ether without risk.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.

Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage stability:

Recommended storage temperature:
2 - 8 °C

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 3: Flammable liquids

Reactivity Profile of Dichloroethyl ether:
Dichloroethyl ether may form phosgene or hydrogen when heated to high temperature.
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.

Mixing in equal molar portions with the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid and oleum.

First aid measures of Dichloroethyl ether:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show Dichloroethyl ether safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
In exceptional cases only, if medical care is not available within one hour, induce vomiting (only in persons who are wide awake and fully conscious), administer activated charcoal (20 - 40 g in a 10% slurry) and consult a doctor as quickly as possible.

Fire Fighting of Dichloroethyl ether:
Wear full protective clothing.
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.

Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.
Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Use water, foam, mist, fog, spray, or dry chemical.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.

Small fires:
Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam.

Large fires:
Water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk.
Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out.

Fight fire from maximum distance.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter Dichloroethyl ether.

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

In case of fire:
Keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.
NO direct contact with water.

Firefighting measures of Dichloroethyl ether:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Dichloroethyl ether no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Dichloroethyl ether:
Carbon oxides
Hydrogen chloride gas
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air at elevated temperatures.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Water, foam, mist, fog, spray, dry chemical.

If material is on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water and apply water from as far a distance as possible.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire:
Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away.
Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving Dichloroethyl ether.

Accidental Release Measures of Dichloroethyl ether:

Isolation and Evacuation:
1. Remove all ignition sources.
2. Ventilate area of spill or leak.
3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels.

Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood).
Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork.

Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials.
Large quantities can be reclaimed.

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Dichloroethyl ether:

Personal protection:
Chemical protection suit.
Ventilation.

Remove all ignition sources.
Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.

Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Identifiers of Dichloroethyl ether:
CAS Number: 111-44-4
ChEBI: CHEBI:34573
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1613350
ChemSpider: 21106016
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.519
EC Number: 203-870-1
KEGG: C14688
PubChem CID: 8115
RTECS number: KN0875000
UNII: 6K7D1G5M5N
UN number: 1916
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9020168
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
Key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
Key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES: ClCCOCCCl

CAS number: 111-44-4
EC index number: 603-029-00-2
EC number: 203-870-1
Hill Formula: C₄H₈Cl₂O
Chemical formula: (ClCH₂CH₂)₂O
Molar Mass: 143.01 g/mol
HS Code: 2909 19 90

Synonym(s): Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Linear Formula: (ClCH2CH2)2O
CAS Number: 111-44-4
Molecular Weight: 143.01
Beilstein: 605317
EC Number: 203-870-1
MDL number: MFCD00000975
PubChem Substance ID: 24892662
NACRES: NA.22

Boiling point: 177 - 178 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.22 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.8 %(V)
Flash point: 55.0 °C
Ignition temperature: 365 °C
Melting Point: -47.0 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.95 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 0.01 g/l

Properties of Dichloroethyl ether:
Chemical formula: C4H8Cl2O
Molar mass: 143.01 g·mol−1
Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: Chlorinated, solvent-like
Density: 1.22 g/mL
Melting point: −50 °C; −58 °F; 223 K
Boiling point: 178 °C; 352 °F; 451 K decomposes
Solubility in water: 10,200 mg/L
Vapor pressure: 0.7 mmHg (20 °C)

vapor pressure: 0.4 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: 99%
form: liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.456 (lit.)
bp: 65-67 °C/15 mmHg (lit.)
mp: −47 °C (lit.)
density: 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: ClCCOCCCl
InChI: 1S/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
InChI key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 143.01 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 141.9952203 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 141.9952203 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 28.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Dichloroethyl ether:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.218 - 1.219
Identity (IR): passes test

Related compounds of Dichloroethyl ether:
Sulfur mustard
Nitrogen mustard
2-Bromoethyl ether

Names of Dichloroethyl ether:

Regulatory process names:
2,2'-DICHLORODIETHYL ETHER
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-

Translated names:
2,2’-Dichlor-diethylether (de)
bi(2-cloretil) eter (ro)
bis(2-chloorethyl)ether (nl)
bis(2-chlorethyl)ether (cs)
bis(2-chlorethyl)ether (da)
bis(2-chloretil)eteris (lt)
bis(2-chloroéthyl)éther (fr)
bis(2-chlóretyl)éter (sk)
bis(2-cloroetile) etere (it)
bis(2-kloorietyyli)eetteri (fi)
bis(2-kloretyl)eter 2,2'-diklordietyleter (no)
bis(2-kloretyl)eter 2,2'-diklordietyleter (sv)
bis(2-kloroetil) eter (sl)
bis(2-kloroetil)-eter (hr)
bis(2-kloroetüül)eeter (et)
bisz(2-klóretil)-éter (hu)
eter bis(2-chloroetylowy) eter 2,2'-dichlorodietylowy (pl)
eteru tal-bis(2-kloroetil) (mt)
éter bis(2-cloroetílico) (es)
éter bis(2-cloroetílico) (pt)
δις(2-χλωροαιθυλ)αιθέρας (el)
бис(2-хлорoетил) етер (bg)

IUPAC names:
1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane

Other names:
Oxygen mustard;
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Chlore
Khloreks
DCEE
2-Chloroethyl ether
1,1'-oxybis[2-chloroethane]

Other identifiers:
111-44-4
603-029-00-2
92091-28-6

Synonyms of Dichloroethyl ether:
111-44-4
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
2-Chloroethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
DCEE
Chlorex
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Chloroethyl ether
Dichloroether
Khloreks
Clorex
sym-Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloroethyl oxide
1,5-Dichloro-3-oxapentane
Ether dichlore
BCEE
2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether
2,2'-Dichloroethyl ether
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Oxyde de chlorethyle
Bis(chloro-2-ethyl) oxide
Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane
2,2'-Dichloorethylether
Rcra waste number U025
2,2'-dichlorodiethylether
Bis(chloroethyl)ether
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether
Caswell No. 309
ENT 4,504
Bis-2-chloroethylether
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
Ether dichlore [French]
Di(beta-chloroethyl)ether
bis-(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Bis(beta-chloroethyl) ether
CCRIS 88
Dicholoroethyl ether
Dichlorodiethyl ether
NSC 406647
Oxyde de chlorethyle [French]
beta,beta-Dichlorodiethyl ether
HSDB 502
s-Dichloroethyl ether
Bis(chloroethyl) ether
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter [Polish]
2,2'-Dichloorethylether [Dutch]
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere [Italian]
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-chloro-
2,2-dichlorodiethylether
.beta.,.beta.'-Dichloroethyl ether
EINECS 203-870-1
UN1916
1-Chloro-2-(beta-chloroethoxy)ethane
RCRA waste no. U025
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether [German]
bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 029501
BRN 0605317
UNII-6K7D1G5M5N
Di(.beta.-chloroethyl) ether
beta,beta'-Dichloroethyl ether
Bis(chloroethyl)ether (BCEE)
AI3-04504
Bis(.beta.-chloroethyl) ether
6K7D1G5M5N
beta,beta'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
DTXSID9020168
CHEBI:34573
MFCD00000975
.beta.,.beta.'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
NSC-406647
1-Chloro-2-(.beta.-chloroethoxy)ethane
EC 203-870-1
DTXCID70168
1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane]
CAS-111-44-4
2-dichlorodiethyl ether
2-chloroethylether
2-chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Di(chloroethyl) oxide
O(CCCl)CCCl
2,2'-Diklordietyleter
Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
DEE (CHRIS Code)
bis-(2chloroethyl)ether
1-chloromethylmethylether
Ether, bis(chloroethyl)
bis-(2-choroethyl)ether
bis (2-chloroethyl)ether
1-chloromethylmethyl ether
bis(beta-chloroethyl)ether
2,2'Dichlorodiethyl ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride
2,2'-Dichlor-diethylether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl oxide
2-Chloroethyl ether, 99%
WLN: G2O2G
SCHEMBL58439
Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)-
1,1-oxybis[2-chloroethane]
MLS002454390
BIDD:ER0300
Ethane,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-
ther bis (chloro-2 thylique)
ETHER, DI(CHLOROETHYL)
CHEMBL1613350
Ethane, 1,1'oxybis[2-chloro-
AMY9389
beta ,beta'-dichlorodiethyl ether
Bis (chloroethyl) ether (BCEE)
BIS(2 CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
HMS3039G11
Etano, 1,1'-oxibis [2-cloro-
1-(2-chloroethoxy)-2-chloroethane
BCP22801
Tox21_202074
Tox21_300514
LS-533
NA1916
NSC406647
STL282719
SYM-DICHLOROETHYL ETHER [MI]
1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethane
1-chloro-2-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-ethane
AKOS000118954
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane #
BCP9000069
UN 1916
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)ETHER [IARC]
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER [HSDB]
NCGC00090856-01
NCGC00090856-02
NCGC00090856-03
NCGC00254256-01
NCGC00259623-01
AS-11884
SMR001372006
B0472
Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether)
EN300-19202
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
Q-200159
Q2509768
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
Dichloroethyl ether; (1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane)
InChI=1/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H
F0001-0241
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 1000 microg/mL in Methanol, Second Source
111-44-4 [RN]
1-Chlor-2-(2-chlorethoxy)ethan [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroéthoxy)éthane [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
203-870-1 [EINECS]
2-Chloroethyl ether
6K7D1G5M5N
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Bis(chloroethyl) ether [Wiki]
ethane, 1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)-
Ethane, 2,2'-oxybis[1-chloro- [ACD/Index Name]
MFCD00000975 [MDL number]
[111-44-4] [RN]
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
1,1-oxybis[2-chloroethane]
1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane]
1,5-Dichloro-3-oxapentane
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-ethane
1-Chloro-2-(b-chloroethoxy)ethane
1-Chloro-2-(β-chloroethoxy)ethane
1-Chloro-2-(β-chloroethoxy)ethane
2, 2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
2,2`-Dichlordiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichloorethylether
2,2'-Dichloorethylether [Dutch]
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether [German]
2,2'-Dichlordiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, ß
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl oxide
2,2'-dichlorodiethylether
2,2-Dichlorodiethylether
2,2'-dichloroethyl ether
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere [Italian]
2-chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
2-ChloroethylEther
4-01-00-01375 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
92091-28-6 [RN]
93952-02-4 [RN]
b,b'-dichlorodiethyl ether
b,b-dichlorodiethyl ether
b,b'-Dichloroethyl Ether
BCEE
Bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)-d8 Ether
bis-(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (d8)
Bis(b-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(chloro-2-ethyl) oxide
Bis(chloroethyl)ether
bis(ß-chloroethyl) ether
bis(β-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(β-chloroethyl) ether
Bis-2-chloroethylether
Chlorex
CHLOROETHYL ETHER
clorex
dcee
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Di(b-chloroethyl) ether
Di(chloroethyl) oxide
Di(β-chloroethyl) ether
Di(β-chloroethyl)ether
Dichlorodiethyl ether
dichloroether
'-Dichloroethyl ether
DICHLOROETHYL ETHER
Dichloroethyl oxide
Dicholoroethyl ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter [Polish]
EINECS 203-870-1
Ether dichlore
Ether dichlore [French]
ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)
Ether, bis(chloroethyl)
ETHERBISCHLOROETHYL
G2O2G [WLN]
Khloreks
Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
Oxyde de chlorethyle
Oxyde de chlorethyle [French]
s-Dichloroethyl ether
sym-Dichloroethyl Ether
UN 1916
UNII:6K7D1G5M5N
UNII-6K7D1G5M5N
WLN: G2O2G
β ,β'-dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β-Dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-Dichloroethyl ether
β,β'-Dichloroethyl Ether
β,β-DICHLOROETHYL ETHER
β-chloroethyl ether

Cyanoguanidine; 1-Cyanoguanidine; Dicyandiamide; Dicy; DCD; N-Cyanoguanidine; Dicyandiamin; Cyanguanidin; Cianoguanidina; Cyanoguanidine; 2-Cyanoguanidine; Araldite XB; 1-CYANOGUANIDINE; 2-Cyanoguanidine; AKOS NCG-0013; CYANOGUANIDINE; DCD; DICY; DICYANDIAMIDE; DICYANODIAMIDE; DYHARD(R) 100; DYHARD(R) 100 S; DYHARD(R) 100 SF; DYHARD(R) 100 SH; DYHARD(R) G 03; DYHARD(R) T 03 CAS NO:461-58-5

Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate contains pentaerythritol (2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol) as an alcoholic component in esters or condensed with other (poly) alcohols or sugars.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a gloss enhancer, has excellent hydro-balance performance, and very good conditioning properties.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has excellent lubricating, dispersing, emulsifying, solubilizing abilities.


CAS Number: 25496-72-4, 57-55-6


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate contains stearyl alcohol (1-octadecanol) as an alcoholic component.
Citrates are salts or esters of citric acid.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a synthetic Substance, a Synthetic ingredient derived from coconut oil.


The name component "Cocoyl" means that the ingredient contains fatty acids from coconut oil (Cocos Nucifera Oil) as fatty acid components (usually introduced via an acylation reaction).
The conditioning efficacy, the hydro-balance performance and the gloss effects of a Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate formulation were compared with a lanolin-containing formula and a market benchmark conditioner.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is white solid.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is insoluble in water.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is stable.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has under strong acid or strong alkali condition, easily hydrolyzed.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is easily oxidized.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a gloss enhancer, has excellent hydro-balance performance, and very good conditioning properties.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has excellent lubricating, dispersing, emulsifying, solubilizing abilities.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a mixture of higher molecular fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts and oil binding additives.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a yellowish, wax-like fat product which is supplied in pellets, with an inherent odor.
This product is Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has a dropping point of 45-60°C, an iodine number of 20-30, and a saponification value of 160-175.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate may or may not be vegan.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a compound of Citric Acid, Stearyl Alcohol, and coconut, used in some cosmetics as an emollient.
Claims: Emulsifiers > Emulsifiers W/O (Water in oil)



USES and APPLICATIONS of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is mixture of higher molecular fatty acid esters, fatty acid salts and oil binding additives
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is yellowish, wax-like pellets with an inherent odor
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is an O/W cream base.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a mixture of consistency giving factors and emulsifiers.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is used in face cleansing, baby care & cleansing, face-, color & body care products and sun-care (sun-protection, after-sun & self-tanning) products.


Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is ideally used for hair care, hair conditioning and hair treatments.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is a gloss enhancer, has excellent hydro-balance performance, and very good conditioning properties.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is suitable for skin care emulsions.


-Application(s)of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate: Hair
Applications of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate: After Sun Care, Body Care, Face Care, Hand & Nail Care, Skin Care, Sun Protection
-General Use of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Performance claims, Sustainability claims, Function, Applications, Usage level


-Technical Use of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Chemical group, Chemical properties, Physical properties, Appearance, Colors, Origin, Origin Species
-Cosmetic Uses of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
*skin conditioning
*skin conditioning - emollient


-Uses of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
*W/O cream base suitable for various
*W/O skin care emulsions
*Baby Care and Cleansing
*Body Care
*Face Care
*Self Tanning
*Sun Protection


-Uses of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Emollient, skin conditioning.
-Applications of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
*Emollient, skin conditioning


-cosmetic action of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate:
Softens the skin, cleanses, does not leave irritation
-Applications of Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate: Baby Care, Body Care, Face Care, Hand & Nail Care, Sun Care



FUNCTIONS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
*Emollient: Softens and softens the skin
*Skin conditioning agent: Keeps the skin in good condition
*Conditioner
*Consistency Factor
*fat soluble
*Emollients/Emollients - soften and soften the skin



FUNCTION IN COSMETICS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
*Emollient
*Conditioning substance
*Film-forming substance
*Greasing substance
*Moisturizing substance
*Emollient



ACTION IN COSMETICS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate that softens calloused epidermis. Used e.g. cracked heel products.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate has an indirect moisturizing effect (reduces water loss by creating an occlusive layer), smoothing.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate restores the skin's natural barrier function.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate makes the skin soft, elastic and smooth.
Dicocoyl Pentaerythrityl Distearyl Citrate is used in creams with a heavier consistency, e.g. oiling creams.



OTHER FEATURES OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
*emollient
*skin conditioner



FUNCTIONS OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SKIN CONDITIONER:
Keeps the skin in good condition
*SKIN CONDITIONER - EMOLLIENT:
Makes the skin soft and supple



CATEGORY OF DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Non-ionic surfactant
> Ester
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PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available

pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
not required
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
citric acid, 1,2-dodecyl ester
ester with bis(coco acyl)pentaerythrytol
Dehymuls Fce
Dicocoylpentaerythrityl Distearylcitrat
Dicocoyl Pentaerytrhityl Distearyl Citrate
Citric acid, 1,2-stearyl ester
ester with bis(coco acyl)pentaerythritol
ALUMINUM STEARATES
MICROCRISTALLINA CERA
DICOCOYL PENTAERYTHRITYL DISTEARYL CITRATE
GLYCERYL OLEATE
PROPYLENE GLYCOL

Dicorantil is an organoammonium phosphate.
Dicorantil belongs to a group of medicines called anti-arrhythmic agents used to treat irregular heartbeats.
Dicorantil is available in both oral and intravenous forms and has a low degree of toxicity.

CAS Number: 3737-09-5
Formula: C21H29N3O
Molar mass: 339.483 g·mol−1

Dicorantil is an antiarrhythmic chemical used in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia.
Dicorantil is a sodium channel blocker and is classified as a Class 1a anti-arrhythmic agent.

Dicorantil has a negative inotropic effect on the ventricular myocardium and significantly reduces contractility.
Dicorantil also has an anticholinergic effect on the heart, which is responsible for many negative side effects.
Dicorantil is available in both oral and intravenous forms and has a low degree of toxicity.

Dicorantil is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, for intermediate use only.
Dicorantil is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Dicorantil is an organoammonium phosphate.

Dicorantil is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent with cardiac depressant properties.
Dicorantil exerts Dicorantil actions by blocking both sodium and potassium channels in cardiac membrane during phase 0 of the action potential.

This slows the impulse conduction through the AV node and prolongs the duration of the action potential of normal cardiac cells in atrial and ventricular tissues.
Dicorantil prolongs the QT interval and causes a widening of the QRS complex.

Dicorantil also possesses some anticholinergic and local anaesthetic properties.
Dicorantil is used in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia.

A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine.
Dicorantil also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.

Dicorantil belongs to a group of medicines called anti-arrhythmic agents used to treat irregular heartbeats.
An irregular heartbeat is a condition in which your heart beats irregularly, too fast, or too slow.
Dicorantil helps slow the heart rate and prevent arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms).

Dicorantil sulphate contains Dicorantil, ie anti-arrhythmic agents.
Dicorantil helps bring irregular heartbeats to a normal rhythm by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart.
Irregular heartbeat treatment reduces the risk of blood clots, heart attack or stroke.

Dicorantil should be taken as prescribed by the doctor.
Your doctor may monitor EKGs and blood pressure during treatment to monitor your dose.

Some people may experience common side effects such as blurred or double vision, stomach pain, little or no urination, and low blood sugar.
Most of these side effects of Dicorantil do not require medical attention and will gradually improve over time.
However, if the side effects persist, please consult your doctor.

Please tell your doctor if you are known to be allergic to Dicorantil or any other medicines.
Dicorantil is not recommended for use in children.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women are advised to consult a doctor before taking Dicorantil.

Before taking Dicorantil, tell your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease, enlarged prostate, glaucoma (increased eye pressure) or low potassium levels in the blood (hypokalaemia).
Do not take Dicorantil if you are already taking other medicines to regulate your heartbeat.

Do not drive or operate machinery as Dicorantil may cause blurred vision, dizziness and low blood pressure.
Use Dicorantil with caution if you are elderly (over 65 years of age), have a low body weight, or have kidney or liver problems.

Dicorantil is used to treat certain irregular heartbeats).
Dicorantil is in a class of medications called antiarrhythmic drugs.
Dicorantil works by making your heart more resistant to abnormal activity.

Continuing Education Activity:
Dicorantil is a chemical used to treat heart rhythm abnormalities that can be life-threatening, such as ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, or associated with increased morbidity and mortality, such as atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
This activity reviews several important aspects of this chemical, including indications, mechanism of action, applications, side effects, contraindications, monitoring, and toxicity.
This important knowledge of this chemical can improve interprofessional healthcare team outcomes.

Objectives:
Describe the mechanism of action of Dicorantil.
Describe possible side effects of Dicorantil.

Explains the importance of monitoring when using Dicorantil as an antiarrhythmic chemical.
Outline professional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication when using Dicorantil to maximize the benefits of this chemical and minimize Dicorantil side effects.

Indications:
In 1962, new antiarrhythmic drugs were needed apart from quinidine and procainamide, which were the main antiarrhythmic agents available at the time.
Dicorantil is the selected agent among more than 500 compounds synthesized for the research program of new antiarrhythmic agents.
The chemical structures of Dicorantil are similar to the synthetic muscarinic antagonist lacquer, which explains Dicorantil anticholinergic property.

Although Dicorantil is rarely used for heart rhythm abnormalities due to the availability of newer drugs that provide better efficacy and favorable side-effect profiles, Dicorantil is still the drug of choice for vagal-mediated atrial fibrillation such as sleep-induced or atrial fibrillation in athlete groups.
The effectiveness of Dicorantil in these conditions is due to Dicorantil anticholinergic activity, which abolishes the parasympathetic tone.

Dicorantil is also a third-line antiarrhythmic agent for a patient with coronary artery disease.
Also, a patient with left ventricular hypertrophy has impaired depolarization, which can induce torsade de pointes.

Therefore, antiarrhythmics that prolong the QT interval are avoided, but if sotalol or amiodarone is unsuccessful or unsuitable, Dicorantil may be an alternative.
In a patient with atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), Dicorantil is the agent of choice, other than amiodarone, as Dicorantil may decrease the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient (off-label use).

Data from a multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of Dicorantil in obstructive cardiomyopathy showed that Dicorantil significantly reduced the SVOT gradient from 75+/- 33 to 40+/-32 mmHg in 78 patients (66% of study subjects) (P<0.0001). has shown. ) and raises the New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) from 23+/-07 to 17+/-06 (P<0.0001).
When Dicorantil is used in combination with a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker or beta blocker, they can effectively prevent recurrence of AF in HCOM patients.

Patients with ventricular premature beat (VPB) or premature ventricular complexes (PVC) may have a high symptom burden.
Dicorantil can be used in patients without structural heart disease, although Dicorantil efficacy is less than ablation.
In addition, based on a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled one-year follow-up study, Dicorantil (n=44) was effective in maintaining sinus rhythm after electro cardioversion for atrial fibrillation compared to placebo (n=46) and was significantly different (%) at one-month follow-up. 70 vs 39%) and continues after twelve months (54% vs 30%).

Uses of Dicorantil:
Dicorantil is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as sustained ventricular tachycardia).
Dicorantil is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat.

Dicorantil is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug.
Dicorantil works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat.
Treating an irregular heartbeat can decrease the risk for blood clots, and this effect can reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.

Usage of Dicorantil:
Dicorantil comes as a capsule and an extended-release (long-acting) capsule to take by mouth.
Dicorantil capsules may be taken every 6 or 8 hours.

The extended-release capsule is usually taken every 12 hours.
Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand.

Take Dicorantil exactly as directed.
Do not take more or less of Dicorantil or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Swallow the extended-release capsules; do not open, crush, or chew them.

Dicorantil helps control your condition but will not cure it.
Continue to take Dicorantil even if you feel well.
Do not stop taking Dicorantil without talking to your doctor.

Mechanism of action of Dicorantil:
Dicorantil's Class 1a activity is similar to that of quinidine in that Dicorantil targets sodium channels to inhibit conduction.
Dicorantil depresses the increase in sodium permeability of the cardiac myocyte during Phase 0 of the cardiac action potential, in turn decreasing the inward sodium current.

This results in an increased threshold for excitation and a decreased upstroke velocity.
Dicorantil prolongs the PR interval by lengthening both the QRS and P wave duration.

This effect is particularly well suited in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia as Dicorantil slows the action potential propagation through the atria to the ventricles.
Dicorantil does not act as a blocking agent for beta or alpha adrenergic receptors, but does have a significant negative inotropic effect on the ventricular myocardium.
As a result, the use of Dicorantil may reduce contractile force up to 42% at low doses and up to 100% in higher doses compared to quinidine.

Levites proposed a possible secondary mode of action for Dicorantil, against reentrant arrhythmias after an ischemic insult.
Dicorantil decreases the inhomogeneity between infarcted and normal myocardium refractory periods; in addition to lengthening the refractory period.

This decreases the chance of re-entry depolarization, because signals are more likely to encounter tissue in a refractory state which cannot be excited.
This provides a possible treatment for atrial and ventricular fibrillation, as Dicorantil restores pacemaker control of the tissue to the SA and AV nodes.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Dicorantil:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents:
Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias.
They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, Dicorantil excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers.
Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.

Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease, occurring in 1:500 individuals in the general population.
Dicorantil is estimated that there are 600,000 individuals in the United States with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The most common variant of HCM presents with left ventricular (LV) intracavitary obstruction due to systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, and mitral-septal contact, diagnosed readily with echocardiography.
Pharmacologic treatment with negative inotropic drugs is first-line therapy.

Beta-blockers are used first, and while they improve symptoms of shortness of breath, chest pain and exercise intolerance, they do not reduce resting LV intraventricular pressure gradients and often are inadequate to control symptoms.
Many investigators and clinicians believe that Dicorantil controlled release is the most potent agent available for reducing resting pressure gradients and improving symptoms.

Dicorantil has been actively used for more than 30 years.
Dicorantil administration for obstructive HCM has a IB recommendation in the 2020 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation guidelines for treatment of obstructive HCM.
A IB treatment recommendation indicates that a treatment is recommended, and may be useful, and beneficial.

Negative inotropes improve LV obstruction by decreasing LV ejection acceleration and hydrodynamic forces on the mitral valve.
Dicorantil's particular efficacy is due to Dicorantil potent negative inotropic effects; in head-to-head comparison, Dicorantil is more effective for gradient reduction than either beta-blocker or verapamil.

Dicorantil is most often administered with beta-blockade.
When used in patients resistant to beta-blockade, Dicorantil is effective in 60% of cases, reducing symptoms and gradient to the extent that invasive procedures such as surgical septal myectomy are not required.

Dicorantil, despite Dicorantil efficacy, has one main side effect that has limited Dicorantil use in the US, though Dicorantil has seen wider application in Canada, UK and Japan.
Vagal blockade predictably causes dry mouth, and in men with prostatism, may cause urinary retention.
Teichman et al. showed that pyridostigmine used in combination with Dicorantil substantially alleviates vagolytic side effects without compromising antiarrhythmic efficacy.

This combination has also been shown to be effective and safe in obstructive HCM in a large cohort of patients.
Some clinicians prescribe pyridostigmine sustained release (marketed in the US as Mestinon Timespan) to every patient begun on Dicorantil.
This combination increases acceptance of higher Dicorantil dosing, important since there is a dose-response correlation in obstructive HCM, higher doses yielding lower gradients.

Another concern about Dicorantil has been the hypothetical potential for inducing sudden death from Dicorantil type 1 anti-arrhythmic effects.
However, a multicenter registry and two recent cohort registries have largely reduced this concern, by showing sudden death rates lower than that observed from the disease itself.

These concerns about the drug must be viewed from the clinical perspective that Dicorantil is generally the last agent that is tried for patients before they are referred for invasive septal reduction with surgical septal myectomy (an open-heart operation) or alcohol septal ablation (a controlled heart attack).
Both of these invasive procedures have risk of morbidity and mortality.

For selected patients, a trial of oral Dicorantil is a reasonable approach before proceeding to invasive septal reduction.
Patients who respond to Dicorantil are continued on the drug.

Those who continue to have disabling symptoms or who experience side effects are promptly referred for septal reduction.
Using such a stepped strategy, investigators have reported that survival does not differ from that observed in the age-matched normal United States population.

Extracardiac effects:
Atropine like effects (anticholinergic)
Dry mouth
Constipation
Urinary retention – Dicorantil should not be given to patients with symptomatic prostatism.
Blurred vision
Glaucoma
Rash
Agranulocytosis

Additionally, Dicorantil may enhance the hypoglycaemic effect of gliclazide, insulin, and metformin.

Metabolism of Dicorantil:
Dicorantil can cause hypoglycemia, perhaps due to increased secretion of insulin, and can also potentiate the effects of conventional hypoglycemic drugs.
This effect may be due to Dicorantil chief metabolite mono-N dealkylDicorantil, since many of the reported cases of hypoglycemia have been in patients with renal impairment, in which the metabolite accumulates.

In six subjects who were being considered for treatment with Dicorantil, serum glucose concentrations were measured at 13, 15, 17, and 19 hours after supper, with no further food, with and without the added administration of two modified-released tablets of Dicorantil 150 mg with supper and 12 hours later.
Dicorantil significantly reduced the serum glucose concentration at all measurement times by an average of 0.54 mmol/l.
The fall in serum glucose concentration was not related to the serum concentration of Dicorantil or the serum creatinine concentration; Dicorantil was greater in older patients and in underweight patients.

Hypoglycemia has also been reported in a 70-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking Dicorantil.

Clinical data of Dicorantil:
Trade names: Norpace
AHFS/Drugs.com: Monograph
MedlinePlus: a682408
Pregnancy category: AU: B2
Routes ofadministration: Oral, intravenous
ATC code: C01BA03 (WHO)

Legal status:
UK: POM (Prescription only)
US: ℞-only

Pharmacokinetic data of Dicorantil:
Bioavailability: High
Protein binding: 50% to 65% (concentration-dependent)
Metabolism: Hepatic (CYP3A4-mediated)
Elimination half-life: 6.7 hours (range 4 to 10 hours)
Excretion: Renal (80%)

Identifiers of Dicorantil:
IUPAC name: (RS)-4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
CAS Number: 3737-09-5
PubChem CID: 3114
IUPHAR/BPS: 7167
DrugBank: DB00280
ChemSpider: 3002
UNII: GFO928U8MQ
KEGG: D00303
ChEBI: CHEBI:4657
ChEMBL: ChEMBL517
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1045536
ECHA InfoCard: 100.021.010

Properties of Dicorantil:
Formula: C21H29N3O
Molar mass: 339.483 g·mol−1
Melting point: 94.5 to 95 °C (202.1 to 203.0 °F)
SMILES: O=C(N)C(c1ncccc1)(c2ccccc2)CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C
InChI: InChI=1S/C21H29N3O/c1-16(2)24(17(3)4)15-13-21(20(22)25,18-10-6-5-7-11-18)19-12-8-9-14-23-19/h5-12,14,16-17H,13,15H2,1-4H3,(H2,22,25)
Key:UVTNFZQICZKOEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 437.5 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 437.20795813 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 437.20795813 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 137Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 30
Complexity: 459
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Names of Dicorantil:

Regulatory process names:

Disopyramide
Disopyramide

IUPAC names:
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide
4-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
Disopyramide

Other identifiers:
3737-09-5

Synonyms of Dicorantil:
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE
22059-60-5
Norpace
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE SALT
Rythmodan
Norpace Cr
SC 7031 phosphate
Dirythmin sa
Diso-duriles
DisopyramidePhosphate
EINECS 244-756-1
SC 7031 (phosphate)
NSC-756744
SC-13957
SC-7031 PHOSPHATE
CHEBI:4658
N6BOM1935W
22059-60-5 (phosphate)
SC 13957
Norpace (TN)
2-(1-(Ammoniocarbonyl)-3-(diisopropylammonio)-1-phenylpropyl)pyridinium phosphate
Disopyramid phosphate
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide phosphate
4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide;phosphoric acid
alpha-(2-Diisopropylaminoethyl)-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide phosphate
(+-)-alpha-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide phosphate (1:1)
2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, phosphate
2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, phosphate (1:1)
2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, phosphate
alpha-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide phosphate (1:1)
2-Pyridineacetamide, alpha-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-alpha-phenyl-, (+-)-, phosphate (1:1)
SR-01000003039
Disopyramide (phosphate)
UNII-N6BOM1935W
SCHEMBL41810
MLS000028431
SPECTRUM1500261
C21H29N3O.H3O4P
CHEMBL1201020
HMS501I11
DTXSID30944685
Disopyramide phosphate (JAN/USP)
HMS1920I14
HMS2094K15
HMS2234B16
HMS3259J21
HMS3261C04
HMS3369L05
HMS3652M20
HMS3885J07
Pharmakon1600-01500261
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [MI]
XAA05960
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [JAN]
Tox21_500411
CCG-40209
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [USAN]
HY-12533A
NSC756744
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [VANDF]
AKOS040744844
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [MART.]
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [USP-RS]
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [WHO-DD]
LP00411
NC00683
NSC 756744
Disopyramide phosphate [USAN:BAN:JAN]
NCGC00093836-01
NCGC00093836-02
NCGC00093836-03
NCGC00093836-04
NCGC00261096-01
SMR000058438
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [ORANGE BOOK]
LS-130131
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Disopyramide phosphate [USAN:USP:BAN:JAN]
EU-0100411
FT-0630479
S4143
SW196836-3
SW196836-4
Disopyramide PHOSPHATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
C07740
D 6035
D00637
SR-01000003039-2
SR-01000003039-6
Q27106430
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butanamide
(R)-4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide phosphate
4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide,phosphoric acid
4-DIISOPROPYLAMINO-2-PHENYL-2-(2-PYRIDYL)BUTYRAMIDE PHOSPHATE
Disopyramide phosphate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Disopyramide phosphate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
(+/-)-.ALPHA.-(2-(DIISOPROPYLAMINO)ETHYL)-.ALPHA.-PHENYL-2-PYRIDINEACETAMIDE PHOSPHATE (1:1)
2-PYRIDINEACETAMIDE, .ALPHA.-(2-(BIS(1-METHYLETHYL)AMINO)ETHYL)-.ALPHA.-PHENYL-, (+/-)-, PHOSPHATE (1:1)
223-110-2 [EINECS]
2-pyridineacetamide, a-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-a-phenyl-
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-α-phenyl- [ACD/Index Name]
3737-09-5 [RN]
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridinyl)butanamid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridinyl)butanamide [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phényl-2-(2-pyridinyl)butanamide [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butyramide
4-(Diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
4-(dipropan-2-ylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
a-[2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl]-a-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
a-[2-[Bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]a-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
disopiramida [Spanish] [INN]
Disopyramide [French] [INN]
Disopyramide [BAN] [INN] [JAN] [JP15] [USAN] [Wiki]
Disopyramide, (R)-
Disopyramide, (S)-
disopyramidum [Latin] [INN]
Isorythm
Lispine
MFCD00057366 [MDL number]
Norpace [Trade name]
Rythmodan [Trade name]
α-[2-(DIISOPROPYLAMINO)ETHYL]-α-PHENYL-2-PYRIDINEACETAMIDE
α-Diisopropylaminoethyl-α-phenylpyridine-2-acetamide
дизопирамид [Russian] [INN]
ديسوبيراميد [Arabic] [INN]
丙吡胺 [Chinese] [INN]
Disopyramide free base
NORPACE CR
Rythmodan-La
ξ-Disopyramide
[3737-09-5] [RN]
1309283-08-6 [RN]
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]-α-phenyl-
2-Pyridineacetamide, α-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-α-phenyl-
3737-09-5 (free base)
38236-46-3 [RN]
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butanamide
4-(diisopropylamino)-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide
4-[bis(methylethyl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butanamide
4-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
4-[bis(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanimidic acid
4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanamide
4-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-phenyl-2-pyridin-2-ylbutanamide
492056 [Beilstein]
4-Diisopropylamino-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-butyramide
54687-36-4 [RN]
74464-83-8 [RN]
74464-84-9 [RN]
BS-17145
DB00280
Dicorantil
Disopiramida
Disopiramida [INN-Spanish]
Disopyramide-d5
Disopyramidum
Disopyramidum [INN-Latin]
MFCD00069254 [MDL number]
n-desalkyl Disopyramide
Norpace®
Ritmodan
Rythmodan P [Trade name]
Rythmodan®
Searle 703
α-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
α-(2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl)-α-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
α-[2-[bis(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl]-α-phenyl-2-pyridineacetamide
γ-Diisopropylamino-α-phenyl-α-(2-pyridyl)butyramide
γ-Diisopropylamino-α-phenyl-α-(2-pyridyl)butyramide
дизопирамид
ديسوبيراميد
丙吡胺