Water Treatment, Metal and Mining Chemicals

CRINIPAN AD

Crinipan AD is an effective anti-dandruff active ingredient widely used in personal care products, particularly in shampoos and hair care formulations.
Crinipan AD is known for its ability to combat dandruff and reduce scalp irritation, making it a popular choice in the formulation of dandruff control products.
The chemical composition of Crinipan AD provides both anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties, contributing to a healthier scalp and hair.

CAS Number: 3586-55-8
EC Number: 222-720-6

Synonyms: Crinipan AD, Climbazole, Anti-Dandruff Active, Anti-Fungal Agent, Dandruff Control Ingredient, Hair Care Active, 1-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-1-imidazolyl-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone, Climbazole AD, Antimicrobial Agent, Climbazole Powder, Dandruff Treatment Active, Anti-Dandruff Climbazole, Hair Scalp Treatment Active, 4-Chlorophenoxy-1-imidazolyl-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone, Hair Care Additive, Crinipan Climbazole, Anti-Microbial Climbazole, Dandruff Solution Agent, Fungistatic Climbazole, Hair Health Active, Climbazole Anti-Dandruff, Climbazole Hair Care



APPLICATIONS


Crinipan AD is extensively used as an active ingredient in anti-dandruff shampoos, providing effective control of dandruff and scalp irritation.
Crinipan AD is favored in the production of scalp treatments, where it helps to soothe and protect the scalp from fungal infections.
Crinipan AD is utilized in the formulation of hair care products designed to prevent dandruff recurrence and maintain a healthy scalp.

Crinipan AD is widely used in the production of leave-in hair treatments, offering long-lasting anti-dandruff benefits.
Crinipan AD is employed in the formulation of hair conditioners that are specifically targeted at dandruff-prone scalps.
Crinipan AD is essential in the development of hair masks and treatments that aim to restore scalp health and reduce flakiness.

Crinipan AD is utilized in the creation of scalp serums, providing concentrated anti-dandruff action and soothing effects.
Crinipan AD is a key ingredient in the formulation of medicated shampoos, offering therapeutic benefits for those with severe dandruff issues.
Crinipan AD is used in the development of hair oils that promote a balanced and irritation-free scalp environment.

Crinipan AD is applied in the formulation of scalp sprays, providing quick and effective relief from dandruff symptoms.
Crinipan AD is employed in the production of anti-dandruff scalp scrubs, helping to exfoliate dead skin cells and reduce dandruff.
Crinipan AD is used in the creation of hair and scalp tonics, contributing to overall scalp health and dandruff prevention.

Crinipan AD is found in the formulation of dandruff control hair styling products, such as gels and creams, ensuring a dandruff-free finish.
Crinipan AD is used in the production of hair detanglers that also offer anti-dandruff benefits.
Crinipan AD is utilized in the development of scalp lotions, providing hydration and anti-dandruff protection.

Crinipan AD is employed in the formulation of dry shampoos that target dandruff and scalp irritation.
Crinipan AD is used in the production of anti-dandruff hair serums that can be applied directly to the scalp for targeted treatment.
Crinipan AD is a key ingredient in the creation of anti-dandruff hair foams, providing easy application and effective results.



DESCRIPTION


Crinipan AD is an effective anti-dandruff active ingredient widely used in personal care products, particularly in shampoos and hair care formulations.
Crinipan AD is known for its ability to combat dandruff and reduce scalp irritation, making it a popular choice in the formulation of dandruff control products.

Crinipan AD is a versatile ingredient used in various hair care applications to maintain a healthy scalp environment.
Crinipan AD provides both anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties, which help in preventing the growth of dandruff-causing microorganisms on the scalp.
Crinipan AD is often incorporated into leave-in treatments, conditioners, and other hair care products aimed at providing continuous dandruff protection.

Crinipan AD is recognized for its stability and effectiveness in both rinse-off and leave-in formulations.
Crinipan AD is commonly included in products designed for daily use, offering gentle yet effective dandruff control without causing irritation.
Crinipan AD enhances the overall effectiveness of hair care products by providing long-lasting protection against dandruff and promoting a healthy scalp.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C15H17ClN2O2
Common Name: Crinipan AD (Climbazole)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Density: 1.3 g/cm³
Melting Point: 96-98°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in alcohols and organic solvents
Flash Point: 180°C
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Crinipan AD is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Crinipan AD is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of dust.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Crinipan AD to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Crinipan AD.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store Crinipan AD in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid inhalation of dust and direct contact with skin and eyes.
Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where dust may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Crinipan AD at temperatures between 15-25°C as recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Crinipan AD away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizers.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Crinipan AD to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of cosmetic ingredients.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.
CRODAMIDE EBS
CRODAMIDE EBS = ETHYLENE BIS(STEARAMIDE)


CAS Number: 110-30-5
EC Number: 203-755-6
MDL number: MFCD00059224
Molecular Formula: C38H76N2O2 / [CH3(CH2)16CONHCH2-]2



Crodamide EBS acts as a slip and anti-block additive.
Crodamide EBS is based on a non-vegetable origin, secondary bis-amide.
Crodamide EBS offers mold release benefits in polyamides (nylon).
Crodamide EBS disperses evenly through the polymer in the melt phase, and migrates to the surface where it forms a thin lubricating layer that reduces coefficient of friction between surfaces and reduces unwanted adhesion.


Crodamide EBS also functions as an external lubricant for PVC and a process aid for polyolefins.
Crodamide EBS is suitable for composites, styrenics and rubber.
The recommended dosage levels are 500-2000 ppm in films and 0.2-1.0% in molding applications.
Crodamide EBS is EU 10/2011, FDA (175.105) and FDA (175.300) approved.


Crodamide EBS has a shelf life of 365 days.
Crodamide EBS is also available in bead form.
Crodamide EBS is ethylene-bis-stearamide of non-vegetable origin.
Crodamide EBS is a secondary bis amide effective as an anti-block agent and process aid for polyolefins.


Crodamide EBS is a secondary bis-amide additive.
Crodamide EBS has good anti-blocking properties in polyolefins.
Crodamide EBS is an organic compound with the formula (CH2NHC(O)C17H35)2.
Crodamide EBS is a waxy white solid and is also found as powder or beads that is widely used as a form release agent.


Crodamide EBS is derived from the reaction of ethylenediamine and stearic acid.
Crodamide EBS is a white solid of low toxicity that provides a slippery coating for a variety of applications.
Crodamide EBS is a synthetic wax with high melting point.


Crodamide EBS is a hard and brittle white high melting point wax.
Crodamide EBS's industrial products are slightly yellow particles or white powder, non-toxic, and have no side effects on the human body.
Crodamide EBS is an organic compound with the formula (CH2NHC(O)C17H35)2.
Crodamide EBS is a waxy white solid and is also found as powder or beads that is widely used as a form release agent.


Crodamide EBS is derived from the reaction of ethylenediamine and stearic acid.
Crodamide EBS is a white solid of low toxicity that provides a slippery coating for a variety of applications.
Crodamide EBS is a synthetic wax that has fatty amide groups that can interact with the surface of a variety of nanoparticles.
Synthhetic wax having high melting point, Crodamide EBS has some functions as internal and external lubricant, releasing and dispersion agent of pigment for the most thermosetting and thermoplastic resins.


Crodamide EBS is derived from stearic acid and ethylenediamine.
Crodamide EBS is white or slight yellow powder or granule.
Crodamide EBS is a waxy white solid and is also found as powder or beads that is widely used as a form release agent.
Crodamide EBS is derived from the reaction of ethylenediamine and stearic acid.


Crodamide EBS is an amide wax.
Crodamide EBS has low acid value ( free fatty acid ), high melting point, and excellent white colour, and high purity.
Crodamide EBS is white spherical particle.
Crodamide EBS is insoluble in most organic solvents at room temperature.


Crodamide EBS is stable to acid, alkali and water medium.
Crodamide EBS is soluble in hot chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.
Wettability is available for water above 80°C.
Crodamide EBS is an amide wax of type N,N-bis-stearyl ethylenediamine with particularly good thermostability.


Crodamide EBS is an amide wax of type N,N-bis-stearyl-ethylenediamine.
Compatible with styrene & styrenic copolymer, PVC, PO and PS.
Crodamide EBS exhibits good thermostability and excellent slip properties.
Crodamide EBS is an amide wax of type N,N-bis-stearyl ethylenediamine with particularly good thermostability.


Crodamide EBS has no influence on the transparency of the Polymers.
Crodamide EBS is a waxy white solid and is also found as powder or beads that is widely used as a form release agent.
Crodamide EBS is derived from the reaction of ethylenediamine and stearic acid.
Crodamide EBS is a white solid that provides a slippery coating for a variety of applications.


Crodamide EBS is a hard and brittle white high melting point wax, Crodamide EBS's industrial products are slightly yellow fine particles.
Crodamide EBS is insoluble in most solvents at room temperature, stable to acids and bases, and aqueous media, soluble in hot chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons solvents.
Crodamide EBS has slippery feeling strong, above 80 ℃ to water with wettability of the compound.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CRODAMIDE EBS:
Crodamide EBS is added to oil based defoamers to improve foam knock down.
Crodamide EBS can also be used as a process aid, for example to improve dispersion of fillers.
Crodamide EBS has proven mould release action in polyamides, and is a lubricant for PVC.
Crodamide EBS is a bis-amide anti-blocking additive used to prevent blocking and as anti-tack of adhesives.


Crodamide EBS is used to prevent the adhesive granulate from sticking together during storage, or to prevent adhesive film layers to attract dirt or stick together before application by reactivation or melting.
Crodamide EBS has proven mold release benefits in nylon and is a lubricant for PVC.
Crodamide EBS is an internal additive and can be incorporated into resin as supplied or via masterbatch / pre-blend.


Experience has shown that simple manual mixing prior to processing will normally give an acceptable dispersion though, mechanical means are preferred.
Typical addition levels vary depending on polymer and lubrication required.
Croda recommends around 500 - 2000ppm in films and 0.2 - 1.0% in molding applications.


Crodamide EBS acts as a slip and anti-block agent, mold release agent and lubricant for PVC.
Crodamide EBS is non-toxic and can be dispersed evenly through the polymer in the melt phase.
Crodamide EBS migrates to the surface of the polymer where it forms a thin lubricating layer.


Crodamide EBS is a synthetic wax used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits in plastic applications to facilitate and stabilize the dispersion of solid compounding materials to enhance processability, to decrease friction and abrasion of the polymer surface, and to contribute color stability and polymer degradation.
Crodamide EBS is also used in process industries as release agent and antistatic agent for the production of thermoplastics,and wiring.


Crodamide EBS is used in powder metallurgy.
Crodamide EBS, a new plastic lubricant developed in recent years, is widely used in the molding and processing of PVC products, ABS, high impact polystyrene, polyolefin, rubber and plastic products.
Crodamide EBS is compared with traditional lubricants such as paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, stearate, etc.


Crodamide EBS not only has good external lubrication effect, but also has good internal lubrication effect, which improves the fluidity and demoulding property of melted plastic in plastic molding process, thus improving the yield of plastic processing, reducing energy consumption, and making the product obtain high surface smoothness and smoothness.
Because of Crodamide EBS's excellent lubricating properties, Crodamide EBS is widely used internally and/or externally in most plastics such as ABS, PS, PP, etc.


Crodamide EBS is used as additive Ethylenebisstearamide can be incorporated directly into polymers to prevent any unwanted adhesion.
Crodamide EBS is used to prevent adhesive granulate from sticking together during storage, or to prevent adhesive film layers to attract dirt or stick together before application by reactivation or melting.
Crodamide EBS can also be used as a process aid, for example to improve dispersion of fillers.


Crodamide EBS can also be a binder in the precise engineering metal part.
Due to Crodamide EBS's good dispersing ability and surface migration Crodamide EBS can be used in printing inks.
When used in asphalt binder for road making (asphalt modifiers), Crodamide EBS increases its softening point and enhances its visco-elasticity.
Lubricant in powder metal molding, rubber, adhesives, coatings, wire drawing, wood plastic composite.


Defoamer in paper, Lubricant for Polyacetals, Water repellent for paper, Intermediate for defoamers.
Delustering agent for furniture finishes and printing inks.
Dispersing agent for masterbatch applications, preferably for engineering resins and PVC.
Modifier in textile auxiliaries.


Crodamide EBS is used as lubricant with good inner or outer lubricant action and has good coordination when used together with other lubricants as high grade alcohols, aliphatic acid esters, calcium stearate and paraffin.
In the processing of ABS, AS, hard PVC, polyformaldehyde, polycarbonate, polyurethane and phenolformaldehyde resins, Crodamide EBS is used as lubricant demoulding agent with a quantity of 0.5~1.5 %.


Crodamide EBS is used as anti-adhesive agent for various polymer film or sheets.
An addition of 0.5-1 % of Crodamide EBS can not only prevent the occurrence of air bubbles but also make the plastic bags be slippery so as to be opened easily.
Crodamide EBS can remarkably enhance the heat-resistant and weather-resistant properties while coordinating with chief stabilizer in formulation of inorganic filler for PVC and polyolefin.


As Crodamide EBS has strong cohesions with pigment or other filler, Crodamide EBS can improve the dispersion and coupling property of fillers in the polymers to enhance the commercial value of the products.
Crodamide EBS is used as nucleation transparency agent to reduce the nucleating time in compounds such as polyolefins, polyformaldehyde and polyamide, promote the structure of resin to become fine, thus improve the mechanical property and transparency of the products.


Crodamide EBS can improve the heat-resistant, weather-resistant property of polyester and polyamide and bring about certain antistatic effects.
Crodamide EBS is used in the spinning of antistatic nylon fiber as additive and also is able to reduce the breaking of yarn.
Crodamide EBS is used as processing auxiliary of rubber.


Besides the lubricant demoulding property and modifying performance of filler surface, Crodamide EBS can raise the surface fineness of rubber pipes and rubber plates to act as rubber surface polishing agent.
Crodamide EBS improves the kneading, processing and vulcanization performance of rubber grains in the processing of rubber.


Added in the coating production to increase the uniform dispersion of pigment and filler, improve the surface leveling property of baking paint, prevent the stripping off of paint film and improve water-proof and acid-resistant and alkali-resistant property.
In nitrocellulose lacquers, Crodamide EBS can bring about the flatting action.


Crodamide EBS is used as lubricant in powder metallurgy (PM) steels to reduce the inter-particle and die-wall friction during pressing and hence improve powder compressibility and ejection of the component from the compaction tool.
Crodamide EBS can help to increase the melting point of petroleum products; lubricant and corrosive agent of metal wire drawing.
Crodamide EBS can help to increase the smoothness and fineness for insulator layer of electric power and cable.


Crodamide EBS can decrease the viscosity of asphalt and improve Crodamide EBS’s softening point and weathering resistance when added to asphalt.
Crodamide EBS derived from stearic acid with ethylene diamine is a synthetic was used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits in plastic applications to facilitate and stabilize the dispersion of solid compounding materials to enhance processability.
Crodamide EBS is also used as a release agents, antistats, and antifoaming agent.


Crodamide EBS is used as defoamer/ anti-foaming agent and coating component of paper for paper-making industry.
Crodamide EBS is added in the manufacturing process of dope and oil paint to enhance salt mist and dampproof effect and to improve performance of paint remover.
As Crodamide EBS has good wearable performance and smoothing performance, fits for improving polishing performance of lacquer, air release of surface with holes, Crodamide EBS is also well used as dulling agent for polishing furniture and printing ink.


Crodamide EBS is used for lubricant of plastic and metal molding, adhesion preventives, viscosity modifier, anti-corrosion of wax, water resistance of coating and spray paint.
Crodamide EBS is a synthetic wax used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits.
Crodamide EBS is also used as release agents, antistatic agents, and antifoaming agents.


Crodamide EBS can be used for a wide range of applications such as lubricants, activators and dispersing agents that reduce the friction in the system and increase the rate of processing.
Crodamide EBS is used in Raw materials, Ethylenediamine Trap Stearic acid, Preparation Products, defoaming agent OTD.


Crodamide EBS is a synthetic wax used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits in plastic applications to facilitate and stabilize the dispersion of solid compounding materials to enhance processability, to decrease friction and abrasion of the polymer surface, and to contribute color stability and polymer degradation.
Crodamide EBS is also used in process industries as release agent and antistatic agent for the production of thermoplastics,and wiring.


Crodamide EBS is used in powder metallurgy.
Crodamide EBS is used in various industries as internal/external lubricant, mold release agent, dispersant and slip- and anti-blocking-agent.
Because of Crodamide EBS's excellent lubricating properties Crodamide EBS is widely used internally and/or externally in most plastics such as ABS, PS, PP etc.


Crodamide EBS is used as additive Crodamide EBS can be incorporated directly into polymers to prevent any unwanted adhesion.
Adhesive pellets or film often develop adhesion between the polymer pellets or layers when exposed to elevated temperatures and pressures.
Crodamide EBS can be found in industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation in materials and as processing aid.


Crodamide EBS can be found in: outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).
Crodamide EBS can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys).


Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, coating products, inks and toners and polishes and waxes.
Crodamide EBS is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Crodamide EBS is used for the manufacture of: rubber products and plastic products.


Crodamide EBS can be found in: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: polymers, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and personal care products.


Crodamide EBS can be found in industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, as processing aid, manufacturing of the substance and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, polymers, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners, metal working fluids, textile treatment products and dyes and coating products.


Crodamide EBS is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Crodamide EBS is used for the manufacture of: rubber products, textile, leather or fur, machinery and vehicles and chemicals.


Crodamide EBS can be found in industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, in the production of articles, formulation in materials, formulation of mixtures and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Crodamide EBS can be found in: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).


Crodamide EBS is used to prevent adhesive granulate from sticking together during storage, or to prevent adhesive film layers to attract dirt or stick together before application by reactivation or melting.
Crodamide EBS can also be used as a process aid, for example to improve dispersion of fillers.
Crodamide EBS is a bis-amide polymer additive that lowers the temperature at which the asphalt softens.


Crodamide EBS is used as processing aid for resins and polymers and as defoaming agent.
Crodamide EBS is traditionally used as lubricant and binder for cold compaction of powdered metal parts.
Crodamide EBS is a bis-amide polymer additive that lowers the temperature at which the asphalt softens.
Crodamide EBS is used as processing aid for resins and polymers and as defoaming agent.


Crodamide EBS is traditionally used as lubricant and binder for cold compaction of powdered metal parts.
Crodamide EBS is used as a processing aid for resins and polymers and as a defoaming agent.
Crodamide EBS is an effective lubricant, processing aid, slip additive and pigment dispersant aid for most polymers.
Crodamide EBS is an ethylenebisstearamide, specifically developed to afford low, consistent viscosities and superior cost performance in paper pulp defoamer applications.


Crodamide EBS is useful as defoamer for paper making and textile processing .
Crodamide EBS is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, lubricants and greases, coating products, polishes and waxes and washing & cleaning products.


Slip- and anti-blocking agent for polyolefins and PVC, especially for film applications and also lubricant for wood plastic composites and plastics.
Crodamide EBS is used as Dispersing agent for masterbatch applications, preferably for engineering resins and PVC.
Crodamide EBS provides typical slip and anti blocking characteristics to all polymers e.g. in films.


Crodamide EBS is used Anti-Blocking Agent, Release Agent, Slip Agent, Flow Promoter
Crodamide EBS improves flow and has no influence on transparency of polymers.
Crodamide EBS acts as a lubricant, release & antiblocking agent for all engineering resins and dispersing agent for masterbatch applications.
Crodamide EBS provides typical slip and anti blocking characteristics to all polymers.


Crodamide EBS powder does not affect the transparency of polymers and acts as lubricant in a wide variety of polymers like PVC, PO, PS and engineering plastics.
Crodamide EBS is used as an internal and external slip agent in many thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics, the most representative ones are ABS, PS, ABS, PVC, also used in PE, PP, PVAC, cellulose, Accurate, Nylon, phenolic-Resin, amino plastics.


Crodamide EBS has a good finish and good film release.
Crodamide EBS is used as a lubricant of polyformaldehyde, the addition amount is 0.5%, which improves the melt flow rate and the film release, and the whiteness, thermal stability and physical index of polyformaldehyde all reach the superior index.
Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, lubricants and greases, coating products, polishes and waxes and washing & cleaning products.


Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, coating products, inks and toners and polishes and waxes.
Crodamide EBS is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Crodamide EBS is used for the manufacture of: rubber products and plastic products.


Crodamide EBS is used in the following products: polymers, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Crodamide EBS is used for the manufacture of: rubber products, textile, leather or fur, machinery and vehicles and chemicals.
Crodamide EBS is also used in process industries as release agent and antistatic agent for the production of thermoplastics,and wiring.


Crodamide EBS is a synthetic wax used as a dispersing agent or internal/external lubricant for benefits in plastic applications to facilitate and stabilize the dispersion of solid compounding materials to enhance processability, to decrease friction and abrasion of the polymer surface, and to contribute color stability and polymer degradation.


Crodamide EBS is used in powder metallurgy.
Lubrication performance is excellent, anti-calcium salt ability is strong, drag reduction effect is good, used for drilling in saturated brine to reduce power consumption.
Crodamide EBS is used in various industries as internal/external lubricant, mold release agent, dispersant and slip- and anti-blocking-agent.


Because of Crodamide EBS's excellent lubricating properties, Crodamide EBS is widely used internally and/or externally in most plastics such as ABS, PS, PP etc.
Crodamide EBS is used as additive EBS can be incorporated directly into polymers to prevent any unwanted adhesion.
Adhesive pellets or film often develop adhesion between the polymer pellets or layers when exposed to elevated temperatures and pressures.


Crodamide EBS is used to prevent adhesive granulate from sticking together during storage, or to prevent adhesive film layers to attract dirt or stick together before application by reactivation or melting.
Crodamide EBS can also be used as a process aid, for example to improve dispersion of fillers.
Crodamide EBS is used as an additive for hot melt adhesives.


-Consumer Goods:
*Appliances & Electronics
*Adhesives & Sealants: Industrial & *Assembly Adhesives
*Electronics Adhesives
*Industrial Manufacturing
*Healthcare & Pharma — Medical
*Medical Tapes & Adhesives
*Electrical & Electronics — Packaging & Assembly
*Adhesives & Sealants
*Adhesive & Sealant Type


-Plastic uses of Crodamide EBS:
Lubricants inside or outside many plastics such as ABS, PS, AS, PVC, PE, PP, PVAC, cellulose acetate, nylon, phenolic resin and amino plastics.
Crodamide EBS has a good surface quality and demoulding performance.


-Rubber uses of Crodamide EBS:
Synthetic resin and rubber will have good anti-adhesive and anti-caking effect by adding Crodamide EBS in their emulsion.
Crodamide EBS has a good effect to the increase surface gloss when added to rubber products.
-Chemical fiber:
Crodamide EBS can improve heat and weather resistance performance of polyester and polyamide fiber, and has some anti-static effect.


-Pigment and filler use of Crodamide EBS:
Crodamide EBS can be used as pigment dispersant of plastic , fiber, such as ABS, PS, polypropylene fibre and PET fiber and other color masterbatch.
-Viscosity controlling agents:
Crodamide EBS is used in various industries as internal/external lubricant, mold release agent, dispersant and slip- and anti-blocking-agent.


-Coatings and printing ink use of Crodamide EBS:
When manufacturing coating and painting, Crodamide EBS can improve the effect of salt spray and moistureproof by adding Crodamide EBS.
Crodamide EBS can help to improve the paint stripper performance of paint when added, and to increase the leveling performance of baking enamel varnish.


-Applications of Crodamide EBS:
*Adhesives & sealants
*Composites
*Inks
-Application of Crodamide EBS:
Water treatment


-Mode of action:
Crodamide EBS can be dispersed evenly through the polymer in the melt phase.
Crodamide EBS migrates to the surface of the polymer where it forms a thin lubricating layer.
This layer reduces the coefficient of friction between surfaces and prevents any unwanted adhesion.


-Chemical fiber uses of Crodamide EBS:
Crodamide EBS can improve the heat and weather resistance, fluidity of polyester, polyamide fiber, and give a certain anti-static effect.
-Rubber:
Synthetic resins and rubber such as Vinyl, polychloroprene, GRS (SBR) add 1~3% EBS to their emulsions, it has a good anti-viscosity and anti-caking effect, EBS is used in floor mats for automobiles, drainage pipes, and other rubber products to increase the effect of surface gloss.


-Pigment, and filler dispersant use of Crodamide EBS:
*Crodamide EBS is used as a pigment dispersant for plastic.
*Pigment dispersant for chemical fiber masterbatches, such as ABS, PS, polypropylene, polyester masterbatches.
*Crodamide EBS can also be used as diffusion powder for plastic color matching.
*Depending on the amount of pigment and filler added, the addition amount is 0.5~5%.


-Paint, and Ink use of Crodamide EBS:
*Adding 0.5~2% Crodamide EBS can improve the effect of salt spray and moisture resistance in the manufacture of paint and lacquer.
*Adding Crodamide EBS in the paint can improve the performance of the paint stripper and can improve the leveling of the baked enamel surface.
*Crodamide EBS can be used as a matting agent in furniture polishing agents and printing ink.
*After micronization (particle size: d50 about 6μ, d 90 about 12μ), Crodamide EBS has excellent anti-abrasion and smoothness and can be used in lacquer systems to improve polishability and degassing on a porous surface.


-Other uses of Crodamide EBS:
*Melting point rising agent for petroleum products
*Lubricant and anti-corrosion agent for metal drawing
*Potting material for electrical components; defoaming agent and paper coating ingredient for paper industry
*Crodamide EBS is used as a defoaming agent and permanent water pulling agent for dyeing works in textile dyeing and finishing
*Adding this product in asphalt can reduce the viscosity of asphalt and improve the softening point, water-resistance and weather resistance of asphalt.



BENEFITS of CRODAMIDE EBS:
*Anti-block
*Dispersion
*Mold release
*External lubricant for PVC
*Hydrophobic solid particle
*Quickly penetrates through surfactant bilayer
*Inherently biodegradable



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CRODAMIDE EBS:
Appearance: White, waxy crystals
Odor: Odourless
Melting point: 144 to 146 °C (291 to 295 °F; 417 to 419 K)
Flash point: 280 °C (536 °F; 553 K)
Physical state: Beads
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/range: 144 - 146 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 260 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: ca.270 °C - DIN 51758
Autoignition temperature: ca.380 °C at 1.013 hPa - DIN 51794
Decomposition temperature: > 200 °C -
pH: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: ca.10 mPa.s at 150 °C
Water solubility at 20 °C: insoluble

Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 13,98 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: Not applicable
Density: 1 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 720.34 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 213.00 °F. TCC ( 100.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 14.787 (est)
Soluble in: water, 2.049e-010 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Molecular Weight: 593.0
XLogP3-AA: 15.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 35
Exact Mass: 592.59067967
Monoisotopic Mass: 592.59067967
Topological Polar Surface Area: 58.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 42
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 503
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Melting point: 144-146 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 646.41°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1 g/cm3 (20℃)
vapor pressure: 0.000023 Pa (20 °C)
refractive index: 1.4670 (estimate)
Flash point: 280℃
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: ketones, alcohols and aromatic solvents at their boiling points: soluble
pka: 15.53±0.46(Predicted)
form: beads
Appearance: Powdery
Smell: No smell
Color (Gardner): ≤3#
Melting Point (℃): 141.5-146.5
Acid Value (mgKOH/g): ≤7.50
Amine value (mgKOH/g): ≤2.50
Moisture (wt%): ≤0.30
Mechanical impurity: Φ0.1-0.2mm(individual/10g)



FIRST AID MEASURES of CRODAMIDE EBS:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CRODAMIDE EBS:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CRODAMIDE EBS:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CRODAMIDE EBS:
-Control parameters
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CRODAMIDE EBS:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CRODAMIDE EBS:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
N,N-ethylenedi(stearamide)
1,2-distearamidoethane
N,N-Ethylenebisoctadecanamide
N,N'-ethylene bis-stearamide
N,N'-ethane-1,2-diyldioctadecanamide
2,5-dihexadecylhexanediamide
1,2-Bis(stearoylamino) ethane
N,N′-1,2-Ethanediylbisoctadecanamide
N,N′-Ethylenedi(stearamide)
Ethylene distearylamide
N,N′-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)di(octadecanamide)
n,;ETHYLENE-BIS-STEARAMIDE
waxc
EBSA
advawax
acrawaxc
acrowaxc
lubrolea
5-AC-13C4
acrawaxct
110-30-5
N,N'-Ethylenebis(stearamide)
Plastflow
Ethylene distearamide
N,N'-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)distearamide
Advawax
Acrowax C
Acrawax CT
Lubrol EA
Ethylenedistearamide
Microtomic 280
Advawachs 280
Ethylenebis(stearylamide)
Abril wax 10DS
Carlisle 280
Nopcowax 22-DS
Ethylenebisstearoamide
Advawax 275
Advawax 280
Carlisle Wax 280
Armowax ebs-P
Ethylenebis(stearamide)
Octadecanamide, N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis-
N,N'-Ethylenebisoctadecanamide
1,2-Bis(octadecanamido)ethane
Chemetron 100
N,N'-ETHYLENE DISTEARYLAMIDE
N,N'-Ethylenedistearamide
Ethylenediamine steardiamide
Ethylenediamine bisstearamide
N,N'-Distearoylethylenediamine
Ethylenebisstearamide
N,N'-Ethylenebisstearamide
NN'-Ethylenebis(stearamide)
Stearic acid, ethylenediamine diamide
Ethylenebisoctadecanamide
Octadecanamide, N,N'-ethylenebis-
UNII-603RP8TB9A
N-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide
N,N-Ethylenebis(stearamide)
603RP8TB9A
N,N'-ethane-1,2-diyldioctadecanamide
Acrawax C
Kemamide W 40
N,N'-Ethylenedi(stearamide)
WAX C
N,N-Ethylenebisstearamide
CCRIS 2293
ethylene bisstearamide
HSDB 5398
Ethylene bis stearamide
Ethylene bis(stearamide)
EINECS 203-755-6
NSC 83613
N,N'-Ethylene bisstearamide
AI3-08515
N,N'-ethylene-bis-stearic amide
Abluwax EBS
Armowax EBS
Dorset WAX
C38H76N2O2
N,N'-ethylenebis
Glycowax 765
Kemamide W-39
Kemamide W-40
N,N'-1,2-Ethanediylbisoctadecanamide
Uniwax 1760
EC 203-755-6
Ethylene Bis Stearamide SF
SCHEMBL19975
Octadecanamide,N'-ethylenebis-
DTXSID4026840
NSC83613
MFCD00059224
NSC-83613
ZINC85733714
AKOS015915120
Octadecanamide,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis-
DS-6811
E0243
FT-0629590
V0595
D70357
N,N'-Ethylenebis(stearamide), beads, A802179
Q5404472
W-108690
2,5-dihexadecylhexanediamide;N,N'-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)distearamide
Plastic additive 03, European Pharmacopoeia (EP)
n,n'-ethylenebisoctadecanamide (mixture of fatty acid amides) (consists of c14, c16 and c18)
N,N'-Ethylenedi(stearamide)
1,2-Bis(stearoylamino) ethane
N,N′-1,2-Ethanediylbisoctadecanamide
Ethylene distearylamide
Ethylene bisstearamide
Ethylene distearamide
EBS
1,2- Bis(octadecanamido)ethane
Ethylenebisoctadecanamide
Ethylenebis(stearylamide)
Ethylenediamine bisstearamide
N-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide
N-(2-stearamidoethyl)stearamide
N,N'-Distearoylethylenediamine
N,N'-ethane-1,2-diyldioctadecanamide
N,N'-Ethylenedistearamide
n,n'-Ethylene distearylamide
Octadecanamide


CROMOPHTAL YELLOW L 0990
(+-)-Menthol; 5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol; (1R,2S,5R)-Menthol; 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-cyclohexanol; Menthyl alcohol; (1 alpha, 2 beta, 5alpha)-5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol; Hexahydrothymol; Menthol; cis-1,3,trans-1,4-menthol; Menthomenthol; p-Menthan-3-ol; Peppermint Camphor; Racementhol; Racemic menthol; Hexahydrothymol; Menthol racemique; Racementholum; rac-Menthol; (1R,2S,5R)-rel- 5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexanol; dl-Menthol CAS NO:89-78-1; 15356-70-4(racementhol), 2216-51-5; 98167-53-4(Levomenthol)
CRYOLITE
Cryolite is a white or colorless mineral form of sodium aluminofluoride, which crystallizes in the monoclinic system but has a pseudocubic aspect.
Pure cryolite itself melts at 1012°C (1285 K) and can melt aluminum oxides well enough to allow easy removal of aluminum by electrolysis.
The chemical name of cryolite is sodium hexafluoroaluminate and Cryolite chemical formula is Na3AlF6.

CAS Number: 15096-52-3
EC Number: 239-148-8
Molecular Formula: AlF6Na3
Molecular weight: 209,94

Cryolite found in large quantities in South Greenland.
Cryolite is white or colorless, but may be reddish or brown because of impurities.

Cryolite is used as a flux in the manufacture of aluminum.
Cryolite crystallizes in the monoclinic system but in forms that closely resemble cubes and isometric octahedrals.

Cryolite is primarily used as a flux in the smelting and electrolytic production of aluminium.
Cryolite is generally manufactured from aluminium oxide, sodium hydroxide and hydrofluoric acid or their equivalent reagent — hexafluorosilicic acid.

Cryolite is used as a solvent for electrolysis aluminum oxides such as bauxite, whitener for enamels and an opacifier for glass and in the industrial production of aluminum.

Cryolite is used chiefly as a flux in the electrolytic production of aluminum from bauxite as Cryolite effectively lowers down the melting point of alumina.
Cryolite is used in the glass and enamel industries, in bonded abrasives as a filler, in making salts of sodium and aluminum and porcelaneous glass and in the manufacture of insecticides.

Cryolite occurs in nature as the mineral cryolite.
Aqueous suspensions of powdered Cryolite is used as insecticides.

Cryolite is a white or colorless mineral form of sodium aluminofluoride, which crystallizes in the monoclinic system but has a pseudocubic aspect.

Cryolite is mined in significant quantities in Greenland ( so also known as Greenland spar; ice stone), and in small amounts in elsewhere.
Cryolite is manufactured from hydrofluoric acid, sodium carbonate, and aluminium.

Cryolite is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Cryolite is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Cryolite (Na3AlF6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate) is an uncommon mineral identified with the once-large deposit at Ivittuut on the west coast of Greenland, mined commercially until 1987.
Cryolite is an inorganic sodium salt and a perfluorometallate salt.

Cryolite has been used historically as an aluminum ore and later in the electrolytic processing of the aluminum-rich oxide ore bauxite (itself a combination of aluminum oxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore).
The difficulty of separating aluminum from oxygen in oxide ores has been overcome by using cryolite as a flux to dissolve oxide minerals.

Pure cryolite itself melts at 1012°C (1285 K) and can melt aluminum oxides well enough to allow easy removal of aluminum by electrolysis.
A significant amount of energy is still required to heat materials and electrolysis, but will be much more energy efficient than melting oxides.
Since natural cryolite is too little to be used for this purpose, synthetic sodium aluminum fluoride is produced from the common mineral fluorite.

Cryolite, colourless to white halide mineral, sodium aluminum fluoride (Na3AlF6).
Cryolite occurs in a large deposit at Ivigtut, Greenland, and in small amounts in Spain, Colorado, U.S., and elsewhere.

Cryolite is used as a solvent for bauxite in the electrolytic production of aluminum and has various other metallurgical applications, and Cryolite is used in the glass and enamel industries, in bonded abrasives as a filler, and in the manufacture of insecticides.
A large amount of synthetic cryolite is made from fluorite.

The chemical name of cryolite is sodium hexafluoroaluminate and Cryolite chemical formula is Na3AlF6.
Cryolite's a rare mineral associated with the once-large deposit at Ivittuut on Greenland's west coast, which was depleted by 1987.

Cryolite, sodium aluminium fluoride, is a colourless to white halide mineral.
Cryolite's found in large quantities in Ivigtut, Greenland, and in small amounts in Spain, Colorado, and other places. 

Cryolite is used as a solvent for bauxite in the electrolytic production of aluminium and has various other metallurgical applications, and Cryolite is used in the glass or ceramic industries and enamel factories, inbounded abrasives as filtering membranes, and in the manufacture of insect-killing chemicals (insecticides).
A huge amount of synthetic or artificial cryolite is made from fluorite.

Sodium aluminum fluoride appears as an odorless white solid or powder.
Dust irritates the eyes and skin; inhaled dust irritates the nose, mouth and lungs.

Cryolite is a double fluoride of sodium and aluminium and has a stoichiometry very near the foumula Na3AIf6 and a melting point of about 1,010 0C.
Cryolites occurrence in substantial quantities was established in Greenland and was mined extensively there in the early twentieth century, but the mine is now essentially exhausted.

Cryolite is colourless to white but occurs in other shades too, for instance brown, red and some times black.
Cryolite has a specific gravity of about 2.5 to 3.
Cryolite hasa low index of refraction close to that of water.

Synthetic cryolite is used as an electrolyte in the reduction of alumina to aluminium due to nonavailability of natural cryolite.
Composition and properties of synthetic cryolite are the same as those of natural cryolite, but synthetic cryolite is often deficient in sodium fluoride.

Cryolite is an unusual mineral with an interesting history.
Cryolite was commercially mined in large quantities in Greenland since the mid-1800's, and this one locality produced almost the entire source of collectors specimen.

Cryolite's economic importance was as a flux for the production of aluminum, but Cryolite significance became entirely diminished once Cryolite was able to be synthesized.
This made the mining operation no longer necessary, and mining and production of Cryolite was entirely stopped.

Cryolite is usually lightly colored, and Cryolite commonly associated with contrasting dark brownish yellow Siderite.
The Siderite may also be in microcrystals covering the Cryolite, making Cryolite appear yellow or brown.
Cryolite has a very low refractive index, similar to water, and therefor if transparent pieces put in water, they will blend right in and be hard to distinguish in the water.

Crylolite is name afte the Greek words kryos - Ice, and lithos - stone, based on the typical icy-white color of this mineral.

Cryolite is something of an enigma among minerals.
Cryolite is rare, and Cryolite only significant deposit is located on the remote coast of Greenland.

Nevertheless, cryolite was once of critical industrial and strategic importance.
And Cryolite is the only mineral that has ever been mined to commercial extinction.

Cryolite, or sodium aluminum fluoride (Na3AlF6), consists of 12.85 percent aluminum, 54.30 percent fluorine, and 32.85 percent sodium.
Cryolite crystallizes in the monoclinic system, but occurs primarily in massive form.
With a Mohs hardness of 2.5 and a specific gravity of 2.98, cryolite is much softer and a bit denser than quartz.

Usually colorless, white or gray, Cryolite is transparent to translucent and exhibits a vitreous-to-pearly luster.
Because Cryolite refractive index approximates that of water, transparent, colorless cryolite becomes almost invisible when placed in water.
And cryolite is not only ice-like in appearance; Cryolite name, which stems from the Greek words kryos, or “ice,” and lithos, or “stone,” means “ice stone.”

Greenland’s indigenous Inuit called cryolite “the ice that never melts.”

Cryolite (Na3[AlF6]), sodium hexafluoroaluminate) is an uncommon mineral identified with the once large deposit at Ivigtût on the west coast of Greenland, depleted by 1987.

Cryolite was historically used as an ore of aluminium and later in the electrolytic processing of the aluminium-rich oxide ore bauxite (itself a combination of aluminium oxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore).
The difficulty of separating aluminium from oxygen in the oxide ores was overcome by the use of cryolite as a flux to dissolve the oxide mineral(s).

Pure cryolite itself melts at 1012 °C (1285 K), and Cryolite can dissolve the aluminium oxides sufficiently well to allow easy extraction of the aluminium by electrolysis.
Substantial energy is still needed for both heating the materials and the electrolysis, but Cryolite is much more energy-efficient than melting the oxides themselves.
As natural cryolite is too rare to be used for this purpose, synthetic sodium aluminium fluoride is produced from the common mineral fluorite.

Cryolite occurs as glassy, colorless, white-reddish to gray-black prismatic monoclinic crystals.
Cryolite has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3 and a specific gravity of about 2.95 to 3.0.
Cryolite is translucent to transparent with a very low refractive index of about 1.34, which is very close to that of water; thus if immersed in water, cryolite becomes essentially invisible.

Cryolite is commonly used as an electrolyte for aluminum electrolysis.
Cryolite’s clear or white to yellowish, but can also be black or purple.

The name of Cryolite comes from the Greek κρύος, frost, and λίθος, stone, meaning “ice-stone” in allusion to Cryolite appearance.
Cryolite was commercially mined in large quantities in Greenland since the mid-1800’s, and used as flux for the production of aluminum.
Cryolite’s a curiosity mineral.

Cryolite (Na3AlF6) is a fluorine-rich mineral (54.30 wt.% F).
Cryolite used to be commercially exploited in Ivigtut (Greenland) until the reserve exhausted in 1986.

The occurrence of this mineral is reported in few localities in the world.
Nowadays, the only commercial Cryolite deposit worldwide is found in Pitinga (Amazonas State, Brazil).

Cryolite has been used as an insecticide and pesticide.
However, Cryolite main use is in the electrolytic production of aluminum metal (the Hall-Héroult process) in which alumina (Al2O3) is dissolved in a bath consisting primarily of molten Cryolite.
Cryolite is manufactured from alumina, hydrofluoric acid and sodium hydroxide according to the following reaction

Cryolite has also been reported at Pikes Peak, Colorado; Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec; and at Miass, Russia.
Cryolite is also known in small quantities in Brazil, the Czech Republic, Namibia, Norway, Ukraine, and several American states.

Cryolite was first described in 1799 from a deposit of Cryolite in Ivigtut and nearby Arsuk Fjord, Southwest Greenland.
The name is derived from the Greek language words cryò = chill, and lithòs = stone.
The Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company used large amounts of cryolite to make caustic soda at Cryolite Natrona, Pennsylvania works during the 19th and 20th centuries.

Cryolite is a scarce mineral.
Cryolite consists of sodium fluoride bonds and aluminium fluoride bonds.

On immersing Cryolite in water, Cryolite becomes invisible.
Due to Cryolite similar refractive properties with water, Cryolite becomes invisible, although Cryolite does not dissolve.

Cryolite minerals are found in vast quantities in Greenland.
Nowadays, cryolite mineral is manufactured artificially from the fluorite.

Cryolite is a salt of sodium aluminium hexafluoride.
Cryolite is represented as Na3AlF6.
Cryolite consists of Aluminium, Sodium and Fluorine.

Cryolite can be synthesized by the given reaction.
H2SiF6 + 6 NH3 + 2H20 → 6NH4F + SiO2
6NH4F + 3NaOH + Al(OH)3 → Na3AlF6+ 6NH3 + 6 H2O

Cryolite ores are the chief ore of aluminium.
These cryolite ores are associated with the earthy material, these earthy materials are known as gangue. 

Synthetic Cryolite:
Synthetic cryolite is a crystalline white powder made of hydrofluoric acid, sodium carbonate, and aluminium.
Since Cryolite essentially lowers the melting point of alumina, synthetic cryolite is mainly used as a flux in the electrolytic processing of aluminium.

Cryolite is used in the ceramic industries and enamel coating industries as a filler, in compounded abrasives as a filler, in the synthesis of sodium salts and aluminium salts, porcelaneous glass, and pesticides and insecticides.
Cryolite is a relatively safe insecticide for fruits and vegetables.
Many iron, calcium, and magnesium-containing enzymes are inhibited by fluoride.

Types of Synthetic Cryolite:
Sodium cryolite
Potassium cryolite
Let us discuss these synthetic cryolites one by one.

Sodium Cryolite:
Sodium Cryolite salts are used as a solvent for bauxite in the electrolytic processing of aluminium; other metallurgical uses include foundry additives for aluminium foundries, sleeves, and cover flux; filler for bonded abrasives in the glass and enamel industries; and insecticide manufacturing.

Potassium Cryolite:
Potassium Cryolite (K3AIF6) is utilised for the synthesis of welding agents, blasting agents (a large amount of energy-producing agents), pyrotechnics, and abrasives materials.
KAlF4 and K3AlF6 are the chemical formulas for potassium cryolite.
Potassium fluoroaluminate, Potassium tetrafluoroaluminate, Potassium Cryolite, Kalium Aluminium Fluoride, KAlF, KAlF4, and K3AlF6 are some of the other names for potassium cryolite.

Uses of Cryolite:
Cryolite is commonly used as an electrolyte for aluminum electrolysis.
Alumina is dissolved in molten cryolite is used to dissolve alumina during aluminium processing.

The commercial application of cryolite is confined mainly to aluminium metallurgy where Cryolite is used as an electrolyte in the reduction of alumina to aluminium metal by the Hall-Heroult process.
Alumina is a bad conductor of electricity and Cryolite melting point is 2,348 o C.

Cryolite is very expensive to carry out electrolysis at this temperature.
To facilitate electrolysis, alumina is dissolved in molten cryolite as Cryolite lowers the melting point.

Further, addition of certain additives, such as, aluminium fluoride improve the physical and electrical properties of the electrolyte, besides lowering the melting point.
The amount that is added is, however, limited as Cryolite also causes reduction in electrical conductivity.

Addition of calcium fluoride (CaF2) further depresses the melting point with less adverse effect on conductivity.
In contrast to this advantage, too much CaF2 raises the density of the melt closer to that of liquid aluminium metal, thus inhibiting the separation of metal from electrolyte.

The substituent, sodium fluoride, though is known to improve the density and conductivity, Cryolite also affects current efficiency.
A compromise made on all these factors has led to the following general composition of the bath to be in use – 80-85% cryolite, 5-7% AlF3, 5-7% CaF2,0-7% LiF and 2-8% Al2O3.

The electrolyte bath tends to deplete AlF3 content of cryolite during the process.
Hence, the composition of the electrolyte has to be adjusted regularly by addition of AlF3.

In aluminium refining, high density electrolyte capable of floating aluminium is required.
For this purpose, barium fluoride is used to raise density.

Aluminium fluoride can be used to improve current efficiency of cryolite bath.
Cryolite is obtained as a by-product during the production of phosphatic fertilizer/phosphoric acid.

When utilised in the Aluminium Industry, necessary precautions are observed as even 0.01% P in the electrolyte could cause 1-1.5% reduction in current efficiency in the production process of aluminium.
Other metallurgical uses of cryolite are in aluminising steel, in compounding of welding rod coatings and as fluxes.

In glass, cryolite functions as a powerful flux because of Cryolite excellent solvent power for oxides of silicon, aluminium & calcium and for Cryolite ability to reduce melt viscosity at lower melting temperatures.
Cryolite is used as a filler for resinbonded grinding wheels in Abrasive Industry to impart longer life.

Sodium fluoride (NaF) or fluorosilicic acid is also used for this purpose.
Cryolite is used in certain nitrocellulose-based gun propellants required in small-calibre weapons, cannons and small & large rockets.

Cryolite is used as a solvent for aluminium oxide (Al2O3) in the Hall–Héroult process, used in the refining of aluminium.
Cryolite decreases the melting point of aluminium oxide from 2000 to 2500 °C to 900–1000 °C, and increases Cryolite conductivity thus making the extraction of aluminium more economical.

Cryolite is used as an insecticide and a pesticide.
Cryolite is also used to give fireworks a yellow color.

Cryolite is used in abrasives, special metals and alloys coating agents, surface treatment agents, process regulators and solvents (product formulation).

Cyolite plays an important role in the metallurgy of cryolite.
Cryolite helps in making alumina a good conductor of electricity. 

Cryolite helps in lowering the melting point of alumina.
Cryolite is used in manufacturing aluminium waste.

Cryolite is used as a flux in steel aluminization and in welding technology.
Cryolite is used as additives in abrasives.
Cryolite is used in the remelting of metals.

Cryolite is used as an electrolyte in the production of aluminum by electrolytic reduction.

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Aluminum Producing

Usage areas of Cryolite:
Cryolite is used as an electrolyte to obtain metal aluminum from alumina in the aluminum industry.
Cryolite is also used in the enamel and glass industry.

Cryolite is also used in the manufacture of pesticides in small quantities.
Cryolite is used as an insecticide and insecticide.

Cryolite is also used to give a yellow color to fireworks.
Cryolite is used as a solvent for aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in the Hall-Héroult process used to refine aluminum.

Consumer Uses:
Cryolite is used in the following products: explosives and welding & soldering products.
Other release to the environment of Cryolite is likely to occur from: outdoor use as reactive substance, outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

Widespread uses by professional workers of Cryolite:
Other release to the environment of Cryolite is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, outdoor use as reactive substance, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

Industry:
Synthetic cryolites are obtained by adopting several processes.
The selection of the process depends upon the availability and cost of raw materials.

The simplest and most common method of obtaining synthetic cryolite is by reacting hydrofluoric acid with soda ash and alumina hydrate.
Hydrofluoric acid is produced by reacting acid grade fluorspar with sulphuric acid and this process also yields gypsum as by-product.

In the secondary reaction between hydrofluoric acid and sodium chloride brine, sodium fluoride and hydrochloric acid are produced.
In the primary reaction,dry aluminium hydroxide reacts with hydrofluoric acid to produce aluminium fluoride which reacts with sodium fluoride produced earlier and forms synthetic cryolite.

Besides fluorspar, fluorine gas produced as by-product at plants that produces phosphatic fertilizer and phosphoric acid, has emerged as an important alternative source for hydrofluoric acid and other fluorine chemicals including cryolite and aluminium fluoride.
Rock phosphate usually contains 7-8% CaF2.

In terms of fluorine, Cryolite works out to 3-4% which is liberated at the time of acidulation of rock phosphate with sulphuric acid.
Fluorine combines with silica to form silicon tetrafluoride which when scrubbed with water forms fluorosilicic acid.

By recycling, 18-24% fluorosilicic acid is obtained, which serves as a raw material for manufacturing various fluorochemicals, including synthetic cryolite.
From fluorosilicic acid, fluorine values are precipitated as sodium fluorosilicate by treating Cryolite with sodium salts.

Sodium fluorosilicate becomes starting point for the production of synthetic cryolite.
For manufacture of synthetic cryolite from sodium fluorosilicate, two routes are generally adopted in the country.
In the first route, sodium fluorosilicate is reacted with ammonia and in other route, sodium fluorosilicate is reacted with soda ash.

Uses at industrial sites:
Cryolite is used in the following products: welding & soldering products.
Cryolite is used for the manufacture of: metals.

Extraction of Aluminium Using Cryolite:
The Hall–Héroult process is the most popular industrial smelting method for aluminium.
Cryolite entails dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) in molten cryolite aluminium and electrolysing the molten salt bath, usually in a purpose-built cell, which is obtained most often from bauxite, aluminium's chief ore, via the Bayer process.

At 940–980 °C, the Hall–Héroult process produces 99.5–99.8 percent pure aluminium on an industrial scale.
Since recycled aluminium does not require electrolysis, Cryolite is not used in this process.

By emitting carbon dioxide, this process contributes to climate change. 
Sodium cryolite is a key component of the HallHeroult process, which uses an electrolyte to produce aluminium (Na3AlF6).

Al2O3 has a very high melting point and is very soluble.
Any addition to the molten sodium cryolite (typically AlF3, CaF2, MgF2) lowers the electrolyte liquidus temperature as well as the alumina solubility.

Despite this, the operating temperature of aluminium electrolysis remains high (950-960 °C), which is a critical factor in increased fluoride corrosion operation.
The inability to use new constructional materials in conventional sodium electrolytes, such as non-consumable anodes, piques interest in finding new low-melted electrolytes.

Physical Properties of Cryolite:
Cryolite occurs as glassy, colorless, white-reddish to gray-black prismatic monoclinic crystals.
Cryolite has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3 and a specific gravity of about 2.95 to 3.0.

Cryolite is translucent to transparent with a very low refractive index of about 1.34, which is very close to that of water.
Thus if immersed in water, cryolite becomes essentially invisible.

Cryolite occurs in a monoclinic crystal state.The cryolite is whitish glassy in colour.
The hardness of cryolite in the moh scale is 2.5 to 3.The specific gravity of cryolite is 2.95 to 3.

Cryolite is transparent to translucent to transparent in nature due to which Cryolite refractive index is very low.
Cryolite is invisible in nature, due to a similar refractive index.
Cryolite as the essential component of the electrolyte (85 – 90 %) decreases the temperature of the smelting flux electrolysis.

Production of Cryolite:
Cryolite is manufactured by a variety of related pathways.

Cryolite one route entails combining sodium aluminate and hydrofluoric acid.
Na3Al(OH)6 + 6 HF → Na3AlF6 + 6 H2O

Often the hexafluorosilicic acid, which is recovered from phosphate mining, is the precursor in a two-step process beginning with neutralization with ammonia to give ammonium hexafluorosilicate:
H3AlF6 + 3 NH3 → (NH4)3AlF6
(NH4)3AlF6 + 3 NaOH → Na3AlF6 + 3 NH3 + 3 H2O

The mineral form of Cryolite , which is called cryolite, was mined at Ivigtût on the west coast of Greenland until the deposit was depleted in 1987.
Cryolite was first described in 1798 by Danish veterinarian and physician Peder Christian Abildgaard (1740–1801).
Cryolite was obtained from a deposit of Cryolite in Ivigtut (old spelling) and nearby Arsuk Fjord, Southwest Greenland.

The Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company used large amounts of Cryolite to make caustic soda at Cryolite Natrona, Pennsylvania works, and at Cryolite Cornwells Heights, Pennsylvania, Plant, during the 19th and 20th centuries.
Cryolite was historically used as an ore of aluminium and later in the electrolytic processing of the aluminium-rich oxide ore bauxite (itself a combination of aluminium oxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore).

The difficulty of separating aluminium from oxygen in the oxide ores was overcome by the use of Cryolite as a flux to dissolve the oxide mineral(s).
Pure Cryolite melts at 1012 °C (1285 K).

Cryolite can dissolve the aluminium oxides sufficiently well to allow easy extraction of the aluminium by electrolysis.
Substantial energy is still needed for both heating the materials and the electrolysis, but Cryolite is much more energy-efficient than melting the oxides themselves.
As natural Cryolite is now too rare to be used for this purpose, synthetic sodium aluminium fluoride is produced from the common mineral fluorite.

Manufacturing Methods of Cryolite:
Cryolite is commonly produced by mixing sodium aluminate soln with liquid or gaseous hydrogen fluoride.

Synthetically from aluminum fluoride, ammonium fluoride and salt.
Synthetic cryolite is usually made from sodium aluminate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium fluoride.

Cryolite may be obtained by (a) mining natural mineral cryolite or (b) synthesis by the reaction of aluminum oxide, sodium chloride and hydrogen fluoride.

History of Cryolite:
Cryolite was first described in 1798 by Danish veterinarian and physician Peder Christian Abildgaard (1740–1801).
Cryolite was obtained from a deposit of Cryolite in Ivigtut (old spelling) and nearby Arsuk Fjord, Southwest Greenland.

The name is derived from the Greek language words κρύος (cryos) = frost, and λίθος (lithos) = stone.
The Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company used large amounts of cryolite to make caustic soda and fluorine compounds, including hydrofluoric acid at Cryolite Natrona, Pennsylvania, works, and at Cryolite integrated chemical plant in Cornwells Heights, Pennsylvania, during the 19th and 20th centuries.

Cryolite was historically used as an ore of aluminium and later in the electrolytic processing of the aluminium-rich oxide ore bauxite (itself a combination of aluminium oxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore).
The difficulty of separating aluminium from oxygen in the oxide ores was overcome by the use of cryolite as a flux to dissolve the oxide mineral(s).

Pure cryolite itself melts at 1012 °C (1285 K), and Cryolite can dissolve the aluminium oxides sufficiently well to allow easy extraction of the aluminium by electrolysis.
Substantial energy is still needed for both heating the materials and the electrolysis, but Cryolite is much more energy-efficient than melting the oxides themselves.
As natural cryolite is now too rare to be used for this purpose, synthetic sodium aluminium fluoride is produced from the common mineral fluorite.

In 1940 before World War II, the United States became involved with protecting the world's largest cryolite mine in Ivittuut, Greenland from falling into the Nazi Germany's control.

Commercial Source Connection of Cryolite:
Cryolite’s sole commercial source is located at Ivittuut (formerly Ivigtut) on Arsuk Fiord on Greenland’s southwest coast, where Cryolite occurs atop a granitic intrusion within a mineralogically complex pegmatite that is the type locality for cryolite and 16 other rare minerals.

Also present in this pegmatite are argentiferous galena, sphalerite, fluorite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and, most notably, well-developed, reddish-brown crystals of siderite.

After studying specimens collected at Ivittuut, the Danish physician Peder Christian Abildgaard described and named cryolite in 1799.
Mining began at Ivittuut in 1854, with cryolite first used as a minor source of aluminum, then as a raw material for manufacturing caustic soda (sodium hydroxide).

Source Locations of Cryolite:
Besides Ivittuut, on the west coast of Greenland where cryolite was once found in commercial quantities, small deposits of cryolite have also been reported in some areas of Spain, at the foot of Pikes Peak in Colorado, Francon Quarry near Montreal in Quebec, Canada and also in Miask, Russia.

Stability and Reactivity of Cryolite:

Reactivity:
There are no particular risks of reaction in normal conditions of use.
Cryolite reacts with strong acids and strong bases.

Chemical stability:
The product is stable in normal conditions of use and storage.

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
Decomposes by reaction with strong acids and bases.
Decomposes on heating.

Conditions to avoid:
Keep away from heat sources.
Protect from moisture and water.
Avoid environmental dust build-up.

Incompatible materials:
Strong acids and strong bases (Sulphuric Acid, Alkali and calcium hydroxide solution).

Hazardous decomposition products:
Hydrogen fluoride
Heated until decomposition, Cryolite evolves hydrofluoric acid gas (toxic).
Cryolite decomposes with hot alkali or solutions of calcium hydroxide.

Handling and Storage of Cryolite:

Safe Storage:
Store in separated from food and feedstuffs.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Storage Conditions:
Extremely reactive with air, moisture and compounds containing active hydrogen and therefore must be kept under a blanket of inert gas.

Should be stored in cool ventilated place, out of sun, away from fire hazard be periodically inspected and monitored.
Incompatible materials should be isolated.

All possibility of contact with water must be avoided.
Solution containing not more than 20% of these compounds in non-reactive solvents, however, can be handled without risk of spontaneous ignition.

Must be stored in an inert atmosphere; sensitive to oxidation and hydrolysis in air.

Separate from air, water, halocarbons, alcohols.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location.

Outside or detached storage is preferred.
Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquid storage warehouse, room, or cabinet.

First Aid Measures of Cryolite:

Eye:
IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids.
Get medical attention immediately.

Skin:
SOAP WASH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.
If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water.
Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing:
FRESH AIR - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once.
Other measures are usually unnecessary.

Swallow:
MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fire Fighting of Cryolite:
In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Stop flow of liquid before extinguishing fire.
Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

DO NOT use water as straight stream directly on spilled material.
Water fog can be used to control fire.

DO NOT use halogenated extinguishing agents on spilled material.
Violent reaction may result.

Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.

Accidental Release Measures of Cryolite:

Personal protection:
Particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of Cryolite.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Disposal Methods of Cryolite:
Aluminum compounds are treated under anhydrous conditions to prevent violent reactions, recover solvent, and form Al compounds suitable for landfill by reaction with anhydrous hydrolysis agent, eg calcium hydroxide.

The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Cryolite approved use or return Cryolite to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
The material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Preventive Measures of Cryolite:
The worker should immediately wash the skin when Cryolite becomes contaminated.
Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed or replaced.
Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Identifiers of Cryolite:
Category: Halide mineral
Formula (repeating unit): Na3AlF6
IMA symbol: Crl
Strunz classification: 3.CB.15
Dana classification: 11.6.1.1
Crystal system: Monoclinic
Crystal class: Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol)
Space group: P21/n
Unit cell: a = 7.7564(3) Å,
b = 5.5959(2) Å,
c = 5.4024(2) Å; β = 90.18°; Z = 2

Formula mass: 209.9 g mol−1
Color: Colorless to white, also brownish, reddish and rarely black

Crystal habit:
Usually massive, coarsely granular.
The rare crystals are equant and pseudocubic

Twinning:
Very common, often repeated or polysynthetic with simultaneous occurrence of several twin laws.

Cleavage: None observed
Fracture: Uneven
Tenacity: Brittle
Mohs scale hardness: 2.5 to 3
Luster: Vitreous to greasy, pearly on {001}

Synonym(s): Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, aluminum trisodium hexafluoride, aluminum sodium fluoride
Mol. Formula: AlF6Na3
EC / List no.: 239-148-8
CAS no.: 15096-52-3
Molecular weight: 209,94

Synonym(s):Kryolith, Sodium hexafluoroaluminate
Linear Formula: Na3AlF6
CAS Number: 15096-52-3
Molecular Weight: 209.94
MDL number: MFCD00003507
PubChem Substance ID: 57646698
NACRES: NA.22

EC / List no.: 239-148-8
CAS no.: 15096-52-3
Mol. formula: AlF6.3Na

Properties of Cryolite:
Streak: White
Diaphaneity: Transparent to translucent
Specific gravity: 2.95 to 3.0.
Optical properties: Biaxial (+)
Refractive index: nα = 1.3385–1.339, nβ = 1.3389–1.339, nγ = 1.3396–1.34
Birefringence: δ = 0.001
2V angle: 43°
Dispersion: r < v
Melting point: 1012 °C

Cleavage: None
Color: Brownish black, Colorless, Gray, White, Reddish brown.
Density: 2.95 – 3, Average = 2.97
Diaphaneity: Transparent to translucent
Fracture: Uneven – Flat surfaces (not cleavage) fractured in an uneven pattern.
Hardness: 2.5-3 – Finger Nail-Calcite
Luminescence: Fluorescent, Short UV=bluish white.
Luster: Vitreous – Greasy
Streak: white

Solubility:
Soluble in AlCl3 solution, soluble in H2SO4 with the evolution of HF, which is poisonous.
Insoluble in water.

Quality Level: 100
Assay: ≥97.0% (from F)
Form: powder
Quality: synthetic

Eeaction suitability:
Core: aluminum
Reagent type: catalyst

Impurities: ≤0.5% silicic acid (as SiO2)
Loss: ≤0.5% loss on drying, 105 °C
Cation traces: Fe: ≤500 mg/kg
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].F[Al-3](F)(F)(F)(F)F
InChI: 1S/Al.6FH.3Na/h;6*1H;;;/q+3;;;;;;;3*+1/p-6
InChI key: REHXRBDMVPYGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-H

Appearance: Crystalline/powder solid
Colour: White/rose
Odour: odourless
Melting point / freezing point: 1000-1009 ˚C - 101.3 kPa Data from literature
Initial boiling point: not applicable
Flammability solid: non infiammabile
Flash point: Not applicable as Cryolite is a solid
Auto-ignition temperature: Not determined (inorganic complex salt).
Decomposition temperature: > 1000°C
pH: 6 in aqueous solution
Kinematic viscosity: Not applicable as it is a solid
Solubility: 0,602 g/L a 20°C (pH = 5,5-7).
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not applicable (inorganic substance)
Vapour pressure: 2,53 hPa - 1009 °C
Density and/or relative density: 2,9 - 2,96 Temperature: 20 °C
Relative vapour density: not available

Molecular Weight: 209.941265
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 209.9412652
Monoisotopic Mass: 209.9412652
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 62.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 4
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Other characteristics:
Weakly thermoluminescent.
Small clear fragments become nearly invisible when placed in water, since its refractive index is close to that of water.

May fluoresce intense yellow under SWUV, with yellow phosphorescence, and pale yellow phosphorescence under LWUV.
Not radioactive.

Names of Cryolite:

Regulatory process names:
Sodium aluminum fluoride
Trisodium hexafluoroaluminate
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate (cryolite)
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate(cryolite)
x I, E.3 (chelating and complexing agents)

Translated names:
(kriolit) (hr)
hexafluoroaluminate de trisodium (cryolite); (fr)
trinatrijev heksafluoroaluminat (hr)

CAS names:
Cryolite (Na3(AlF6))

IUPAC names:
ALUMINUM SODIUM FLUORIDE
cryolite
Kryolit; Trinatriumhexafluoroaluminat
Sodium aluminum fluoride
Synthetic Cryolite
trisodium haxafluoroaluminate
Trisodium hexafluoro aluminate
trisodium hexafluoroalumanetriuide
Trisodium Hexafluoroaluminate
Trisodium hexafluoroaluminate
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate/cryolite
trisodium;hexafluoroaluminum(3-)

Other identifiers:
009-016-00-2
1344-75-8
1344-75-8
15096-52-3

Synonyms of Cryolite:
CRYOLITE
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate
15096-52-3
13775-53-6
Aluminum trisodium hexafluoride
Aluminum sodium fluoride
sodium hexafluoroaluminate(III)
trisodium;hexafluoroaluminum(3-)
Sodium aluminum hexafluoride
trisodium hexafluoroaluminum(3-)
Cryocide
Kryocide
Kryolith
MFCD00003507
ICE Spar
Na3AlF6
Cryolite (AlNa3F6)
Cryolite (Na3(AlF6))
CRYOLITE [MI]
Na3[AlF6]
PROKIL CRYOLITE-96
trisodium hexafluoridoaluminate
sodiumhexafluoroaluminate(III)
5ZIS914RQ9
CHEMBL3988899
CHEBI:39289
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(3-)
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 97%
DTXSID90872955
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(III)
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate(3-)
AKOS025310262
trisodium hexakis(fluoranyl)aluminum(3-)
Chromium Boride (Cr2B) Sputtering Targets
Cryolite, synthetic, >=97.0% (from F)
FT-0624109
C18816
trisodium (OC-6-11)-hexafluoroaluminate(3-)
A809094
Q927885
J-008762
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 99.98% trace metals basis
Cryolite,naturallyoccurringmineral,grains,approximately0.06-19in
alumiinitrinatriumheksafluoridi (fi)
aluminiumtrinatriumheksafluorid (no)
aluminiumtrinatriumhexafluorid (sv)
criolit (ro)
criolite (it)
criolite (pt)
cryolit (da)
cryolithe (fr)
esafluoroalluminato di trisodio (it)
heksafluorek glinu i sodu (pl)
heksafluoroglinian sodu (pl)
heksafluoroglinian trisodu (pl)
hexafluoroaluminat-trisodic (ro)
hexafluoroaluminate de trisodium (fr)
hexafluoroaluminato de trisodio (es)
hexafluoroaluminato de trissódio (pt)
hexafluorohlinitan trisodný (cs)
hexafluorohlinitan trisodný (sk)
kriolit (hu)
Kriolit (pl)
kriolit (sl)
kriolitas (lt)
kriolīts (lv)
kryoliitti (fi)
kryolit (cs)
Kryolit (de)
kryolit (sk)
kryolitt (no)
Krüoliit (et)
natrijev heksafluoroaluminat (III) (sl)
trinaatriumheksafluoroaluminaat (et)
trinatrijev heksafluoroaluminat (hr)
trinatrio heksafluoroaliuminatas (lt)
trinatriumheksafluoraluminat (no)
trinatriumhexafluoraluminaat (nl)
trinatriumhexafluoraluminat (da)
Trinatriumhexafluoraluminat (de)
trinatriumhexafluoroaluminat (sv)
trinátrium-hexafluoroaluminát (hu)
trinātrija heksafluoralumināts (lv)
Εξαφθοροαργιλικό τρινάτριο κρυόλιθος (el)
Κρυόλιθος (el)
криолит (bg)
тринатриев хексафлуороалуминат (bg)
Aluminate(3-), hexafluoro-, sodium (1:3), (OC-6-11)-
aluminum trisodium hexafluoride
cryolite
Cryolite
Kriolit
Kryolith (Na3AlF6); cryolite
Sinthetic cryolite, cryolite
Sodium aluminofluoroaluminate
Trisodium hexafluoro aluminate
Trisodium hexafluoro-aluminate
trisodium hexafluoroalumanetriuide
TriCryolite
TriCryolite
triCryolite
TriCryolite
triCryolite
trisodium hexfluoroaluminate
Cover bath
Cryolite as single subtance or within the preparation Bath or "Hall Cell Bath"
Cryolite bath
Cryolite synth.
Cryolite synthetic
electrolyte
Syntetický kryolit
009-016-00-2
1228236-36-9
1228236-36-9
12397-51-2
CRYOLITE
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate
15096-52-3
13775-53-6
Aluminum trisodium hexafluoride
sodium hexafluoroaluminate(III)
trisodium;hexafluoroaluminum(3-)
MFCD00003507
Na3AlF6
AlF6.3Na
UNII-5ZIS914RQ9
Na3[AlF6]
trisodium hexafluoridoaluminate
sodiumhexafluoroaluminate(III)
5ZIS914RQ9
CHEMBL3988899
CHEBI:39289
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(3-)
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 97%
trisodium hexafluoroaluminum(3-)
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(III)
trisodium hexafluoroaluminate(3-)
5473AF
AKOS025310262
trisodium hexakis(fluoranyl)aluminum(3-)
Chromium Boride (Cr2B) Sputtering Targets
Cryolite, synthetic, >=97.0% (from F)
FT-0624109
C18816
trisodium (OC-6-11)-hexafluoroaluminate(3-)
A809094
Q927885
J-008762
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate, 99.98% trace metals basis
Cryolite,naturallyoccurringmineral,grains,approximately0.06-19in
Aluminium sodium fluoride (1:3:6)
Aluminiumnatriumfluorid (1:3:6)
Fluorure d'aluminium et de sodium (6:1:3)
sodium hexafluoroaluminate
15096-52-3
237-410-6
5ZIS914RQ9
Aluminate(3-), hexafluoro-, sodium (1:3)
Aluminate(3-), hexafluoro-, trisodium (8CI)
BD0075000
CRYOLITE
Hexafluoroaluminate(3-) de trisodium
Kryolith
Kryolith
MFCD00003507
SODIUM ALUMINUM HEXAFLUORIDE
Sodium fluoroaluminate
sodium hexafluoroaluminate
Trinatriumhexafluoraluminat(3-)
Trinatriumhexafluoraluminate(3-)
Trisodium hexafluoroaluminate(3-)
Villiaumite
[13775-53-6]
1331-71-1
239-148-8
Aluminate(3-), hexafluoro-, trisodium
ALUMINUM SODIUM FLUORIDE
Aluminum sodium fluoride (Na3AlF6)
Aluminum sodium hexafluoride (AlNa3F6)
ALUMINUM TRISODIUM HEXAFLUORIDE
Cryocide
Cryodust
Cryolite (AlNa3F6)
Cryolite (Na3(AlF6))
dinickel orthosilicate
ENT 24,984
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 075101
Greenland spar
ICE Spar
ICETONE
Koyoside
Kriolit
Kryocide
Na3[AlF6]
Na3AlF6
Natriumaluminiumfluorid
Natriumhexafluoroaluminate
SODIUM ALUMINUM FLUORIDE
Sodium aluminum fluoride (as F)
Sodium fluoroaluminate (Na3AlF6)
sodium fluoroaluminate(3-)
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(3-)
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(3-); sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(III); trisodium hexafluoridoaluminate
sodium hexafluoridoaluminate(III)
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate (Cryolite)
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate (Na3AlF6)
Sodium hexafluoroaluminate(III)
Sodium hexafluoroaluminic acid
trisodium (OC-6-11)-hexafluoroaluminate(3-)
trisodium aluminum hexafluoride
trisodium hexafluoridoaluminate
TRISODIUM HEXAFLUOROALUMANETRIUIDE
Trisodium hexafluoroaluminate
Trisodium hexafluoroaluminate(3)
trisodium hexafluoroaluminum(3-)
trisodiumhexafluoroaluminate
UNII:5ZIS914RQ9
UNII-5ZIS914RQ9
CRYSTAL MENTHOL
Cumène sulfonate de sodium, Cumène sulfonate de sodium, Numéro CAS : 32073-22-6, SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE,solubilisant, un agent de liaison et un dépresseur de point de trouble utilisé dans des détergents puissants, des décapants pour la cire, des détergents pour la vaisselle, ainsi que dans des applications de forage pétrolier et de métallurgie. Applications: produits vaisselle, nettoyage intensif, nettoyage du linge, nettoyage léger, nettoyant métaux. Cumene, monosulpho derivative, sodium salt. Noms français : Cumène sulfonate de sodium, Noms anglais :BENZENE, (1-METHYLETHYL)-, MONOSULFO DERIV., SODIUM SALT; CUMENESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT; SODIUM CUMENE SULFONATE; Sodium o-cumenesulfonate, ( Hydrotrope, solubilizer, coupling agent, cloud point depressant, viscosity reducer, an anti-caking agent in powdered detergent )
CRYSTASENSE IM800
Crystasense IM800 is a novel oil and fragrance gellant designed to create eye-catching air freshener gels for room and automative use.
The physical form of Crystasense IM800 is liquid.


Chemical name: Polyamide Resin
Chemical Family: Polyamides, Polyamines


CrystaSense IM800 is a novel oil and fragrance gellant designed to create eye-catching air freshener gels for room and automative use.
Crystasense IM800 can be use for oil loading of up to 70% and will release fragrance in a steady, predictable manner while maintaining fragrance integrity.


Crystasense IM800 sets slowly, so it should be used together with CrystaSense IM700 in varying ratios, in conjunction with an isocyanurate curing agent, to control the desired set time of formulations.


Crystalsense IM700 and Crystasense IM800 are new oil and fragrance gelling agents designed to create eye-catching air fresheners, these special gelling agents hold oily substances up to 70% and provide a stable fragrance release.
Crystasense IM800 can be use for oil loading of up to 70% and will release fragrance in a steady, predictable manner while maintaining fragrance integrity.


Crystasense IM800 sets slowly, so it should be used together with CrystaSens IM700 in varying ratios, in conjunction with an isocyanurate curing agent, to control the desired set time of formulations.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
Recommended applications of Crystasense IM800: high-grade solid air freshener, solid perfume, car fragrance, solid mosquito repellant, etc.
End Uses of Crystasense IM800: Air Freshener
Applications of Crystasense IM800: Air care


Crystasense IM800 sets slowly, so it should be used together with CrystaSense IM700 in varying ratios, in conjunction with an isocyanurate curing agent, to control the desired set time of formulations.
Crystasense IM800 can be use for oil loading of up to 70% and will release fragrance in a steady, predictable manner while maintaining fragrance integrity.


Crystasense IM800 sets slowly, so it should be used together with CrystaSens IM700 in varying ratios, in conjunction with an isocyanurate curing agent, to control the desired set time of formulations.
Crystalsense IM700 and Crystasense IM800 are new oil and fragrance gelling agents designed to create eye-catching air fresheners, these special gelling agents hold oily substances up to 70% and provide a stable fragrance release.


CrystaSense IM800 is used as epoxy resin curing agent at room temperature.
CrystaSense IM800 is used as epoxy resin curing agent and toughening agent, and used as cable sealing material.
CrystaSense IM800 is mainly used in glue, paint, sealing gasket, etc.


CrystaSense IM800 is used as curing agent and toughening agent for epoxy resin, and used as cable sealing material
mainly used in adhesives, coatings, sealing gasket and so on.
CrystaSense IM800 is used as epoxy resin room temperature curing agent.


CrystaSense IM800 is used as curing agent and toughening agent of epoxy resin, and used as cable sealing material. CrystaSense IM800 is mainly used for glue, paint, sealing gasket, etc.
CrystaSense IM800 is used biochemical Study.


-Applications of Crystasense IM800:
*Space air fresheners for home, industrial and institutional applications
*Automotive - gels will not melt in hot vehicles
*Aqueous environments like dishwashers and toilets as gels are water-resistant
*Further potential applications i.e. insect repellents


-End Application of CrystaSense IM800:
*Binders in Rotogravure and Flexographic inks
*Printing ink
*Ball point pen ink
*Paints
*Two pack epoxy paints
*Epoxy floorings
*Heat seal coatings
*Hot melt adhesives
*Lacquers
*Varnishes
*Rubber industries



FUNCTION OF CRYSTASENSE IM800:
*Viscosity Modifier
*Rheology modifier



HIGHLIGHTS OF CRYSTASENSE IM800:
*Highly efficient gellants with high fragrance loading
*Wide fragrance compatibility
*Steady fragrance release and maintenance of fragrance integrity
*Water and temperature resistant
*Innovative design possibilities
*Structurant for liquid actives.
*Thermoset gel formed via curing with reactive isocyanates.
*CrystaSense IM800 is a novel oil and fragrance gellants designed to create eye-catching air freshener gels.
*Air Care with Appeal
*Steady Fragrance Release
*Flexible Formulation



PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF CRYSTASENSE IM800:
Up to 70% of oily substances such as spices; excellent compatibility with oily spices and dyes; long-lasting and stable fragrance release; can make transparent gels with any feel and shape from gummy candy to hard colloid.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
Physical Form: Liquid
Appearance: Transparent
Incompatible with: Aqueous systems



FIRST AID MEASURES of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CRYSTASENSE IM800:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

CUBLEN D 3217 N
CUBLEN D 3217 N = DTPMP HEPTASODIUM SALT


CAS Number: 68155-78-2 / 22042-96-2
EC Number: 268-990-9
MDL Number: MFCD09752850
Molecular Formula: C9H21N3Na7O15P5
Chemical Family: Phosphonates, Phosphorous-based Compounds


Cublen D 3217 N is the most adaptable phosphonic acid.
Cublen D 3217 N is certified with NSF/ANSI 60 for use in the production of drinking water.
Cublen D 3217 N is a strong complexing agent as well as a great inhibitor.
Cublen D 3217 N is diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid),Na7-salt.


Compatible Base Stocks of Cublen D 3217 N: Synthetic Oils, Vegetable Oils, Synthetic Esters, Mineral Oils, Polyalphaolefins (PAO)
Compatible Substrates & Surfaces of Cublen D 3217 N: Metal
Cublen D 3217 N's feature is Extreme Pressure Performance
Cublen D 3217 N is a neutral product.


Cublen D 3217 N is a scale inhibitor, for barium sulphate in particular and a chelating agent.
Cublen D 3217 N is a reactant in the synthesis of graphene oxide lamellar membranes, a UVCB substance, and also biodegradable.
Cublen D 3217 N is active in the pH 1-13 range and has high temperature stability upto about 130 - 140°C and easily dissolved in water.
Cublen D 3217 N is a fine chemical that is useful as a building block, reagent, and intermediate.


Cublen D 3217 N has been shown to be a versatile building block for the synthesis of complex compounds.
Cublen D 3217 N has CAS number 68155-78-2.
Cublen D 3217 N is good general purpose scale inhibitor.
Cublen D 3217 N is powerful sequestrant, Second best against BaSO4.
Cublen D 3217 N is a general-purpose scale inhibitor, powerful sequestrant, and excellent barium sulfate scale inhibitor.


The Cublen D series (DTPMP) represents the most versatile phosphonic acid in the CUBLEN product range and impresses with its excellent price-performance ratio.
DTPMP is an excellent inhibitor for mineral deposits (e.g. CaCO 3 , BaSO 4 , SrSO 4 ) and a powerful complexing agent.
Selected DTPMP products are certified according to the North American standard NSF/ANSI 60 for use in the production of drinking water.
Cublen phosphonates combine antiwear performance with scale-inhibition and chelating properties for extended fluid and tool life.
They can be used to prepare metal surfaces for final finishing, and in plating baths to control metal ion contamination.
Phosphonates are also widely used for cooling water treatment, metal cleaners, textile finishing and oil field drilling applications.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
Cublen D 3217 N is used Surface Treatment, Lubricants & Metalworking, Water Treatment, Water Treatment Chemicals, Scale Inhibitor, Stabilizer, and Metal deactivator.
Cublen D 3217 N is used Water Treatment, Organics, Catalyst and Auxiliary/Water Treatment Chemicals, Good general purpose scale inhibitor, and Powerful sequestrant against BaSO4.


Cublen D 3217 N is used Cooling water treatment, detergents, peroxide bleach stabilization, I & I cleaners, geothermal, oil field.
Cublen D 3217 N is used For water treatment, In the oilfield chemistry, As additive for pulp & paper bleaching, and For manufacturing and recycling of pulp & paper.
Cublen D 3217 N is used for alkaline bleaching processes using H2O2 (textiles, pulp & paper), Chemical & Materials Manufacturing, Scale

Inhibitor, and Chelating Agent.
Cublen D 3217 N is used anti-Wear Agent, Extreme Pressure Additive, Stabilizer, Metalworking Fluids, Extreme Pressure Performance, and Laboratory chemicals.
Cublen D 3217 N is used Manufacture of substances, Agrochemical Intermediates, Dyestuff Intermediates, Flavor & Fragrance Intermediates,

Pharmaceutical Intermediates, Syntheses Material Intermediates, and Complexing agents.
Cublen D 3217 N acts as a plasticizer, conditioning agent, chelating and protecting agent.
Cublen D 3217 N is utilized in hair care.
Cublen D 3217 N functions as a thickener, modifier and dispersant.


Cublen D 3217 N combines antiwear performance with scale-inhibition and chelating properties for extended fluid and tool life.
Cublen phosphates can be used to prepare metal surfaces for final finishing, and in plating baths to control metal ion contamination.
Phosphonates are also widely used for cooling water treatment, metal cleaners, textile finishing and oil field drilling applications.
End Uses of Cublen D 3217 N: Metalworking Fluids


Cublen D 3217 N is used highly effective rust and scale inhibitor, hydrogen peroxide stabilizer in bleach, used in cleaning and detergent products.
Cublen D 3217 N is used in papermaking, electroplating and cosmetics, scale inhibition, for barium sulfate in particular, in metal chelation, and in the stabilization of peroxide bleaching, detergent auxilaries, industrial cleaning water, etc.


Cublen D 3217 N is used Corrosion Inhibitors, Industrial Chemicals, Swimming Pool Chemicals, Water Treatment & Pool Chemicals
Cublen D 3217 N is used Chemical & Materials Manufacturing, Surface Treatment - Fluids, Lubricants & Metalworking, Water Treatment
Cublen D 3217 N can be used as a stabilizer for peroxide bleaching, detergent auxiliaries, industrial & municipal cleaning water, terrestrial heat water, oilfield water, etc.


Recommended Uses of Cublen D 3217 N: Cooling water treatment, detergents, peroxide bleach stabilization, I & I cleaners, geothermal, oil field.
Cublen D 3217 N can also be used as a reaction component or scaffold for the synthesis of new compounds.
Cublen D 3217 N is used in research to study the effects of various chemicals on DNA.


-Applications of Cublen D 3217 N:
*In detergents and cleaning agents
*In textile auxiliaries (fibre protection, stabilization of odor absorbing agents)
*For water treatment
*In the oilfield chemistry
*As additive for pulp & paper bleaching
*For manufacturing and recycling of pulp & paper
*For alkaline bleaching processes using H2O2 (textiles, pulp & paper)



FUNCTIONS of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
*Stabilizer
*Scale Inhibitor
*Chelating Agent
*Anti-Wear Agent
*Extreme Pressure Additive



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
Physical state: Aqueous solution
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/range: -13 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 6,0 - 8,0 at 25 °C
Exact Mass: 726.89400
PSA: 366.23000
LogP: 0.63580
Molecular Weight: 727.07

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 18
Rotatable Bond Count: 13
Exact Mass: 726.8944619
Monoisotopic Mass: 726.8944619
Topological Polar Surface Area: 317 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 39
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 764
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 8
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Active Acid (%): 31.5 - 33.5
Active Salt (%): 40.0 - 42.5
Chloride (as Cl,%): 5.0 max
PH(1% solution)@25°C: 6.0 - 8.0
Sp. Gravity @20/20°C: 1.30 min
Iron, (as Fe,ppm): 20 max
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,380 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 1003.3ºC at 760mmHg
Molecular Weight: 727.07100
Flash Point: 560.6ºC

Min. Purity Spec: 95%
Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place
Boiling Point: 1003.3ºC at 760mmHg
Molecular Formula: C9H21N3Na7O15P5
Molecular Weight: 727.07100
Flash Point: 560.6ºC
Exact Mass: 726.89400
PSA: 366.23000
LogP: 0.63580
Appearance: Amber liquid
Active Acid (%): 31.5 - 33.5
Active Salt (%): 40.0 - 42.5
Chloride (as Cl,%): 5.0 max
PH(1% solution)@25°C: 6.0 - 8.0
Sp. Gravity @20/20°C: 1.30 min
Iron, (as Fe,ppm): 20 max



FIRST AID MEASURES of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
-If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
-In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
-If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Normal measures for preventive fire protection.
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
-Specific end use(s):
No other specific uses are stipulated.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CUBLEN D 3217 N:
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Reactivity:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
DTPMPA.NA7
heptasodium
DTPMP heptasaodium salt
SODIUM AMINO ETHYL PHOSPHATE
Diethylene triamine pentamethylphosphonate heptosan
Diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid), 7Na Salt
Water Treatment Scale Corrosion Inhibitor Dtpmp Na7 68155-78-2
heptasodium trihydrogen [[bis[2-[bis(phosphonatomethyl)amino...
Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonicacid)heptasaodiumsal
Diethylenetriaminepenta-(methylenephosphonic acid) heptasodium salt
Diethylenetriamine Penta(methylene Phosphonic Acid) Heptasaodium Salt
DTPMPA.NA7
Hepta sodium salt of Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid)
Hepta sodium salt of Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) (DTPMPNa7)
DTPMP heptasaodium salt
SODIUM SALT OF DIETHYLENE TRIAMINE PENTA (METHYLENE PHOSPHONIC ACID)
DiethyleneTriaminePenta(MethylenePhosphonicAcid)Pentasodiumsalt(DTPMPa5,Solid)
Diethylenetriaminepenta-(methylenephosphonic acid) heptasodium salt
SODIUM AMINO ETHYL PHOSPHATE
Diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid),7Na Salt
hepta sodium salt of diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid) (dtpmpna7)
sodium amino ethyl phosphate
diethylenetriaminepenta-(methylenephosphonic acid) heptasodium salt
dtpmp heptasaodium salt
diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonicacid)pentasodiumsalt(dtpmpa5,solid)
sodium salt of diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid)
diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) heptasaodium salt
hepta sodium salt of diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid)
diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid), 7na salt
dtpmpa.na7
DTPMPoNa7
Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) Pentasodium salt
phosphonic acid, [1,2-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]pentakis-, sodium salt (1:7)
sodium salt of diethylene triamine penta(menthylene phosphonic acid)
Diethylenetriamine Penta(Methylene Phosphonic Acid) Heptasaodium Salt;
DTPMP heptasaodium salt
Phosphonic acid, P,P',P'',P'''-[ [(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-e thanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis -, sodium salt (1:7)
Sodium Salt of Diethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid) DTPMPA.7Na heptasodium
diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) heptasaodium salt
heptasodium trihydrogen [[bis[2-[bis(phosphonatomethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]phosphonate
Phosphonic acid, (phosphonomethyl)iminobis2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)tetrakis-, heptasodium salt
DTPMPA.NA7







CUCUMBER EXTRACT
Cucumber Extract is an extract in a medium of Glycerin / Water (50:50) from the fruits of "Cucumis sativus L." with a plant / extract ratio1/2.
Cucumber Extract is water soluble extract.
Cucumber Extract is regulation of skin moisturization.
Cucumber extract is anti-inflammatory and soothes skin.


Cas Number: 89998-01-6
EC Number: 289-738-4
Botanical Name: Cucumis Sativus


It is mainly cold-pressed cucumber extracts that are particularly relevant as skincare ingredients.
In addition to their high water content of 95%, cucumbers are very rich in vital nutrients such as magnesium, iron, essential amino acids, potassium, calcium and zinc.


They also contain vitamins A, B1, B2, C and E.
Cucumber Extract is an extract in a medium of Glycerin / Water (50:50) from the fruits of "Cucumis sativus L." with a plant / extract ratio1/2. Cucumber is a vegetable rich in vitamin C and vitamin B.


Cucumber Extract has trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) regulatory activity.
This activity is due to the vitamins and carbohydrates in cucumber.
Cucumbers are climbing plants, but they can also grow on the ground. They belong to the gourd family and are widely cultivated in Europe, America, Africa and Asia.


There are many different kinds of cucumber: The most well known are the slicing cucumber and the pickling cucumber.
The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family Cucurbitaceae.
This plant is a creeping vine with thin spiraling tendrils and large leaves that form a canopy over the fruit.


The fruit is commonly harvested while still green; though generally after the fruits outgrow their spines.
Although less nutritious than most fruit with at least 95% water content, the fresh cucumber is still a source of vitamin C, vitamin K, and potassium,also providing dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B6, thiamin, folate, pantothenic acid, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, and manganese.


Cucumber Extract was very popular in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece and Rome, where people not only consumed the fruit but also utilized it for its beneficial skin healing properties.
Cucumber Extracts have been used internally for the treatment of blemished skin and heat rash and applied externally as a poultice for burns, sores and softening of the skin.


The flesh of Cucumber Extracts is primarily composed of water but also contains ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and caffeic acid, both of which prevent water retention, help soothe skin irritations and reduce swelling.
Cucumbers’ hard skin is rich in fiber and contains a variety of beneficial minerals including silica, potassium and magnesium.


The silica in cucumber is an essential component of healthy connective tissue, which includes muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and bone.
Cucumber, cucurbitaceae The plant, which is thought to be the homeland of North India, has been widely cultivated since ancient times.
Since it loves soil moisture, its roots are very shallow and usually develops at a depth of 20-25 cm.


Since it is grown in greenhouses, it is pruned to provide better lighting.
For this reason, the length of cucumber plant suspended and grown up to 2 m.
Cucumber Extract is water soluble extract.


Cucumber Extract is regulation of skin moisturization.
Cucumber Extract is refreshing.
Cucumber Extract is stimulant.


Cucumber Extract is revitalizing.
Cucumber Extract is anti-aging.
Cucumber Extract is paraben free


Cucumbers have been cultivated for over 3,000 years, firstly in India. Cucumbers were popular not only as a food source, but also because of their beneficial skin healing properties.
Rich in minerals and vitamins A, B, C and E, cucumber has a cooling effect, helping to calm irritations, revitalise the skin and gently soothe delicate areas of skin like the lips and around the eyes.


Cucumbers are also 96% water so are great to incorporate into your diet to keep hydration levels up.
This high water content helps your body flush out any built-up toxins as well.
Cucumber Extract Composition: 95% water and other constituents including proteins, ascorbic acid, fatty acids, caffeic acid (an antioxidant), vitamin C, vitamin K, mineral silica and others.


Cucumber Extract contains fragrant components that are not sensitizing to your skin (i.e are not allergens).
Cucumber extract is water-soluble and a great way to add moisturizing and skin-loving properties to handmade skincare products.
Cucumber Extract is popular in face masks, face lotions and spa-products.


Cucumber Extract has mild cucumber scent.
Cucumber Extract provides rich attributions to formulations such as lotions, shampoos and soap.
Cucumber Extract is a nice, non-irritating plant extract that’s known for it’s soothing and emollient properties.


It’s not something new to put Cucumber Extract on our face: even Cleopatra used it to “preserve her skin”.
Cucumber extract or cucumber oil possesses high concentrations of antioxidants, ascorbic acid, and lactic acid.
Therefore, when topically applied, the benefits of cucumber on skin include antioxidant protection and soothing properties.


The antioxidants and ascorbic acid present in cucumber extract protect the skin by neutralizing harmful free-radicals that are present in the environment.
Additionally, its high concentration of lactic acid, a known member of the AHA family, also plays a role in maintaining skin surface quality.
Lastly, cucumber extract is believed to possess several bioactive compounds that provide soothing properties to the skin.


However, the efficacy of this effect has yet to be scientifically supported.
Cucumber Extract is well known for it’s skin softening and soothing attributes.
An effective addition to Cucumber Extract lines geared toward skin toning and refining, as well as for men’s skin, bath and body products.


Cucumber extract is a well-liked component in skincare products because of its skin-friendly properties.
Cucumber contains antioxidants that can help protect the skin from free radical damage.
Cucumber Extract also contains vitamin C, which can help brighten and even out the tone of the skin.


Cucumber extract is also a great moisturiser for the skin.
Cucumber Extract contains a lot of water, which can help to plump and moisturise the skin.
As a result, Cucumber Extract is an excellent ingredient for people with dry or dehydrated skin.


Cucumber extract also has anti-inflammatory properties.
Cucumber Extract soothes and calms irritated skin, making it an ideal ingredient for those with sensitive or acne-prone skin.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber extract hydrates and soothes the skin.
Cucumber Extract's refreshing properties can reduce puffiness and relieve itching, as well as help to ease redness – for example sunburn.
Cucumber extract is suitable for all skin types.


Cucumber Extract is often recommended as a source of silica to improve the complexion and health of the skin, plus cucumber’s high water content makes it naturally hydrating - a must for glowing skin. Cucumbers are also used topically for various types of skin problems, including swelling under the eyes, sunburn and dermatitis.


Cucumber Extract is an excellent treatment for skin rash, inflammation, etc., when applied as a lotion or used to wash the affected zone.
Furthermore, Cucumber Extract works wonderfully to smooth the skin and erase skin spots, freckles and wrinkles, thus rejuvenating the skin.
Cucumber Extract is recommended to formulate cosmetic products with moisturizing, refreshing, decongestant and soothing actions and cosmetic products aimed at the protection of skin and hair integrity against oxidative processes.


Cucumber Extract is used as a Moisturizing.
Cucumber Extract comes from the cucumber plant, and it has skin conditioning properties.
Cucumber Extract is a superfood for the skin.


Cucumber Extract is a widely known treatment for sunburn because it has a cooling effect on the skin, reducing pain from a bad burn.
In addition, Cucumber Extract is excellent for reducing inflammation and irritation in general for your skin.
Cucumber Extract is a popular astringent with renowned skin-tightening effects.


Cucumber Extract also is a wonderful soother and moisturizer.
Cucumber Extract is a little gem for your eye and face creams.
Cucumber extract helps prevent environmental damage and signs of aging, so you will look young longer if you will use it frequently.


Cucumber Extract also has a refreshing effect and can soothe and relieve puffy skin.
There are no studies showing that Cucumber Extract can help lighten or whiten skin, but in fact, it will make its quality higher.
Cucumber Extract is an excellent thing against your acne-prone skin.


If you use Cucumber Extract daily, you will see good results in the concise term.
Washing your face daily with Cucumber Extract is a great way to keep blemishes and freckles at bay.
Cucumber Extract is used not only for its nourishing properties for the skin, but also to enhance the natural scent of creams lotions and other cosmetic products in a natural way.


The desquamation properties naturally within the product mean Cucumber Extract can aid the skin's natural shedding of its outer layer during cell regeneration, helping it to look fresh and revitalised.
Cucumber Extract's astringent properties will help firm the skin and counter signs of ageing.


There is in vitro research showing that the constituents in Cucumber Extract can help protect the skin against carcinogenic substances.
All these benefits can be harnessed by using cucumber extract, which makes an ideal ingredient in facial treatments and formulas, both in beauty spas and at home.


Cucumber Extract is water-soluble, which means it won’t mix with home-made oil-based products but can be added to ready-made creams or your own water-soluble formulas.
Cucumber Extract is used for sensitive skin, bath, hair-care, skin-lightening, nail-care.


Cucumber Extract is used in soaps, natural cleansers, makeup, and eye makeup, serums, moisturizers; face, neck, and eye lotions.
Apply Cucumber Extract to cuts burns and insect bites to calm and soothe the skin.
Cucumber Extract also contains vitamin C, which can help brighten and even out the tone of the skin.


Cucumber extract is also a great moisturiser for the skin.
Cucumber Extract contains a lot of water, which can help to plump and moisturise the skin.
As a result, Cucumber Extract is an excellent ingredient for people with dry or dehydrated skin.


Cucumber extract also has anti-inflammatory properties.
Cucumber Extract soothes and calms irritated skin, making it an ideal ingredient for those with sensitive or acne-prone skin.
Cucumber extract can also aid in the reduction of dark circles and puffiness around the eyes.


This is due to the presence of ascorbic acid, which can help lighten and brighten the skin.
Cucumber Extract is used Creams & lotions, skin cleansers, hair care products, after-sun products, hair moisturizing sprits, hair conditioners and body lotions.


Cucumber Extract is used creams and lotions, toners, and after shave products.
Cucumber extract is readily available in a variety of skincare products, making it simple to add to your regimen.
Cucumber extract is a potent and versatile ingredient that can help your skin in a variety of ways.


Cucumber extract can help improve the overall health and appearance of your skin by providing hydrating and moisturising properties as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.
Cucumber extract's important to choose high-quality, well-formulated products and to adhere to the manufacturer's use and storage guidelines, whether you decide to incorporate cucumber extract into your skincare routine through a store-bought product or by developing your own DIY recipes.


By embracing the power of cucumber extract and making it a part of your regular skincare routine, you can enjoy the many benefits that this natural and effective ingredient has to offer for healthy, radiant skin.
Cucumber Extract is used all kinds of skin care, body care, hair care, cosmetics and other personal care products.


Cucumber Extract is a water-soluble antioxidant for the skin. Comprised largely of lipids, proteins, Vitamin C, and a variety of minerals, Cucumber Extract is a very good emollient and moisturizer.
Cucumber Extract is excellent in toners and micellar waters as it tightens pores and helps to reduce the appearance of dark circles and under-eye puffiness.


Cucumber Extract is packed with Vitamin K and antioxidants.
Cucumber Extract can help you maintain a healthy weight, stay hydrated, support colon health, and even promote heart health.
Plus, when applied topically, cucumber extract may help keep your skin looking young and healthy.


Anti-inflammatory and nourishing to the skin, cucumber extract is a useful ingredient for homemade cosmetics.
Cucumber Extract’s simple to make and provides numerous benefits to the skin.
Cucumber extract is one of my favorite extracts for use in skincare. It’s also the first extract I attempted to make myself.


Cucumber extract is anti-inflammatory and soothes skin.
Cucumber Extract may also help with dark circles and puffiness around the eyes.
Rich in minerals like potassium, Cucumber Extract may help firm skin which can help reduce some of the signs of aging.


By making your own cucumber extract, not only can you save money, but you can also ensure the quality of the ingredients being used.
Cucumber extract can be added to a lot of different types of skin and hair care products.
While I normally mostly use Cucumber Extract in skincare, I’ve read that it may nourish the hair and even help promote hair growth.


So, Cucumber Extract may be a great addition to your homemade hair conditioner!
To add it, use cucumber extract in place of part or all of the vegetable glycerin of a recipe.
If the recipe you are using doesn’t include any glycerin, you can use it in place of part of the water.
Don’t use more than 5% of the recipe by weight. (So, if you are making 100g, don’t use more than 5g.) Over 5%, glycerin can make a product feel “sticky”.


-MEDICINE uses of Cucumber Extract:
*Cucumber Extract is good for constipation.
*Cucumber Extract is used in the treatment of kidney stones.
*Cucumber Extract helps lower blood pressure.
*Cucumber Extract contributes to the proper structure of connective tissues in our bodies, including muscles, bones, ligaments, cartilage and tendons.
*Cucumber Extract struggles with the effects of diabetes.
*Cucumber Extract's diuretic.
*Cucumber Extract provides protection against some types of cancer.
*Cucumber Extract protects brain health.
*Cucumber Extract provides benefit against hypertension.
*Cucumber Extract protects the heart.
*Cucumber Extract maintains the heat balance of the body.


-HAIR CARE uses of Cucumber Extract:
*Cucumber Extract strengthens hair structure.
*Cucumber Extract prevents hair loss.
*Cucumber Extract brightens hair.


-SKIN CARE uses of Cucumber Extract:
*Cucumber Extract provides healthy & radiant skin
*Cucumber Extract moisturizes skin due to high water content.
*Cucumber Extract gives skin a natural shine
*Cucumber Extract helps skin disorders such as psoriasis, eczema and acne.
*Cucumber Extract removes the fat layer in the skin.
*Cucumber Extract is Good for sunburn.
*Cucumber Extract can be used against dark circles in eyes and swelling in custody.


-FOOD uses of Cucumber Extract:
*Cucumber Extract gives aroma to food and drinks.
*Cucumber Extract is used as a food supplement.


-VETERINARY MEDICINE uses of Cucumber Extract:
*Cucumber Extract is used in feed.
*Cucumber Extract is Antioxidant.



THE MAGIC OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
CUCUMBER EXTRACT SKINCARE BENEFITS:
Cucumber extract is indeed a magical ingredient when it comes to skincare. Here are some of the reasons why:
*Hydration:
Cucumber extract is high in water content, making it an excellent skin hydrator.
Cucumber Extract helps to replenish the skin's moisture levels, keeping it soft, supple, and radiant.

*Antioxidants:
Cucumber extract contains antioxidants such as vitamin C, which can protect the skin from free radicals.
Because free radicals can cause premature ageing, including cucumber extract in your skincare routine can help you keep your skin looking young.

*Anti-inflammatory:
Cucumber extract contains anti-inflammatory properties that can be used to soothe and calm irritated or inflamed skin.
Cucumber Extract can be especially beneficial for those who suffer from acne or skin conditions such as rosacea.

*Skin brightening:
Ascorbic acid, found in cucumber extract, can help to brighten and even out skin tone.
Cucumber Extract can make dark spots and hyperpigmentation less visible, leaving the skin looking brighter and more radiant.

*Cooling effect:
Cucumber extract has a cooling effect on the skin, making it an ideal ingredient for facial mists or eye creams.
Cucumber Extract can help to reduce puffiness while also leaving the skin refreshed and revitalised.



WHAT DOES CUCUMBER EXTRACT DO FOR YOUR SKIN?
1. Hydrating:
Thanks to its 95% water composition, cucumber extract maintains high levels of hydration in the skin which ensure its fresh, glowy and dewy appearance.

2. Calming/Soothing:
Cucumber extract has potent calming properties and is known to soothe the skin after sun exposure, irritation, redness and acne-inflammation

3. Antioxidant:
Thanks to the added caffeic acid and vitamins C and K, cucumber extract is a powerful antioxidant that helps keep the free radicals at bay.
This makes Cucumber Extract a great aid in the fight against wrinkles and fine lines.

4. Anti-aging and renewing:
Thanks to the high water content (95%) and micronutrients in the composition, Cucumber Extract helps keep the skin plump and hydrated.
This minimizes the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and slows the aging process.

5. Anti Acne properties:
Thanks to the ascorbic acid and mineral silica in its composition, cucumber extract does have some beneficial properties on skin suffering with acne.
Cucumber Extract is a natural astringent, meaning it causes the contraction of skin cells and helps tighten the pores.

6. Reduces Swelling and Puffiness:
Cucumber extract is indeed very beneficial for the area around the eyes.
Cucumber Extract's potent hydrating and soothing properties help reduce any swelling, puffiness and bags under the eyes (especially if chilled beforehand).

7. Refreshing and energizing:
Products containing cucumber have powerful refreshing and re-energizing properties and can help the appearance of tired, saggy and dull-looking skin.



BENEFITS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber Extract contains Vitamin A and Vitamin K and is packed with antioxidants.
Cucumber Extract may help with maintaining healthy weight in already healthy individuals and aids in hydration.
Cucumber Extract is also heart-healthy and promotes healthy colon function.
If applied topically, Cucumber Extract may help support healthy skin.
Cucumber Extract is rich in Vitamin K
Cucumber Extract is packed with antioxidants
Cucumber Extract helps in maintaining healthy weight
Cucumber Extract aids in hydration
Cucumber Extract promotes colon health
Cucumber Extract is heart healthy
Cucumber Extract may support healthy skin when applied topically



FUNCTIONS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
*Nourishing
*Hydrating
*cleansing
*moisturizing
*astringent,
*anti-inflammatory
*refreshing
*anti-irritant
*skin lightening.



METHOD OF DERIVATION OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cold-pressing:
As you can see cucumber extract is jam packed with all the right micronutrients and trace elements, so it comes as no surprise it does a lot of your skin.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT FOR THE SKIN?
Cucumber extract is a very gentle ingredient and is suitable for use with all skin types.
Cucumber Extract is known for its many beneficial skin care properties, including:

*HYDRATING:
Cucumbers, like aloe vera, contain polysaccharides, a type of natural carbohydrate, which create an invisible barrier on your skin to attract and retain moisture.
Astringent and anti-inflammatory - cucumbers have astringent properties, meaning they cause your skin cells to contract and tighten.
These properties also help to improve the appearance of large pores and acne.

*COOLING AND SOOTHING:
The cooling effects of cucumber are wonderful for soothing dry, red and overly sensitive skin types.
Products with cucumber extract are also good to use after excessive exposure to the sun to cool the skin.



WHAT ELSE IS CUCUMBER EXTRACT GOOD FOR?
Here are some simple, homemade remedies for healthy, hydrated skin, using cucumber:



HYDRATING AFTER SUN FACE-MASK, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Puree half a cucumber and a spoonful of yoghurt in a blender or food processor.
Apply the mixture all over your sun burned face, neck and shoulders.
Lie down on a towel and try to relax for about 15 minutes.
Rinse off with luke-warm water.
The Cucumber Extract should take some if not most of the heat out of your skin and leave you feeling hydrated.



RELIEVE PUFFY EYES, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
One of the oldest tricks in the book.
Lying down, apply of fresh Cucumber Extract on top of closed, puffy eyes.
Even after 10 minutes, the Cucumber Extract will help to tighten and sooth the inflamed skin around the eyes.



CUCUMBER SALAD OR SIDE DISH
Hydrating from inside and out is more effective.
Incorporate chopped cucumber into salads or even mix with some natural yoghurt and fresh garlic for a refreshing dip or side dish.



EXTRACTION METHOD OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber Extract extracted in Propylene Glycol and Water; Phenoxyethanol (preservative 0.1%)



BENEFITS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
*Natural skin emollient and softener with cooling and tonic properties
*Ideal in skin cleansers but also soothing body lotions and skin creams, especially after-sun products
*Cucumber Extract softens and nourishes hair
*Cucumber Extract has a high content in minerals, potassium and sulfur helping to soften and hydrate the skin



ADD CUCUMBER EXTRACT TO FORMULAS TO THE WATER PHASE:
Typical use level of Cucumber Extract: 3-5%.
Cucumber Extract is used for external use only.



FUNCTIONS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
*Skin conditioning :
Cucumber Extract maintains skin in good condition



HOW CUCUMBER EXTRACT IS DERIVED:
Cucumber extract is made from the cucumber fruit, which belongs to the gourd family.
The cucumber fruit is typically ground or blended to produce a pulp, which is then pressed or strained to extract the liquid.
The result is a concentrated cucumber extract after this liquid has been filtered or purified to remove solids or impurities.
There are several ways to extract cucumber extract, but steam distillation is the most popular.
In this method, the cucumber is placed in a distillation chamber, and steam is applied.
The steam aids in the release of the cucumber's volatile compounds, which are then collected and condensed to form the extract.
Some manufacturers also extract cucumber extract using solvents like ethanol or hexane.
The solvent is used to extract the compounds from the cucumber, and the compounds are then separated from the solvent through distillation or evaporation.



CUCUMBER EXTRACT IN SKINCARE PRODUCTS:
Cucumber extract is a widely used component in skincare products because of its many skin-friendly properties.
Here are some of the ways cucumber extract is used in skincare:

*Hydration:
Cucumber extract is a great hydrator for the skin due to its high water content.
Cucumber Extract can help to replenish moisture levels in the skin, leaving it feeling soft, smooth, and supple.

*Anti-inflammatory:
The anti-inflammatory qualities of cucumber extract can help to soothe and calm irritated or inflamed skin.
Cucumber Extract can especially benefit those with acne-prone skin or sensitive skin conditions.

*Skin brightening:
Cucumber extract contains ascorbic acid, which can help to brighten and even out the skin tone.
Cucumber Extract can make dark spots and hyperpigmentation less noticeable, making the skin look lighter and more radiant.

*Cooling effect:
Cucumber extract has a cooling effect on the skin, making it an excellent ingredient for use in products like facial mists or eye creams.
Cucumber Extract can help to reduce puffiness and leave the skin feeling refreshed and revitalised.

*Antioxidants:
Cucumber extract contains antioxidants such as vitamin C, which can aid in the protection of the skin from free radical damage.
Because free radicals can cause premature ageing, including cucumber extract in your skincare routine can help you keep your skin looking young.



THE RICH NUTRIENT PROFILE OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber Extract is a high-nutrient vegetable that is high in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
Cucumber Extracts contain the following key nutrients:

Vitamin C:
Cucumber Extract is a fantastic food source of vitamin C, a potent antioxidant that can help shield the skin from oxidative damage.

Vitamin K:
Cucumber Extract also contains a lot of vitamin K, which is good for blood circulation and can help to lighten the appearance of dark circles under the eyes.

Potassium:
Cucumber Extract has a lot of potassium, which is good for heart health and blood pressure regulation.

Magnesium:
Cucumber Extracts are rich in magnesium, a mineral necessary for strong bones and healthy muscles.

Fibre:
A good source of fibre is Cucumber Extract, which can support a healthy digestive system and encourage feelings of fullness.

Water:
Cucumber Extractis composed mostly of water, making it a great hydrator for the body and the skin.



ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND SOOTHING EFFECTS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber extract contains anti-inflammatory and soothing properties that can help soothe and reduce skin redness and irritation.
Inflammation is the body's natural response to injury or infection, but chronic inflammation can cause skin damage and hasten the ageing process.
Cucumber extract has been shown to contain flavonoids and other substances that have anti-inflammatory properties, which can help lessen skin inflammation and redness.

Furthermore, cucumber extract has calming properties that can help to cool the skin and reduce discomfort.
Due to its anti-inflammatory and soothing qualities, cucumber extract is particularly helpful for people with sensitive or acne-prone skin.
Cucumber Extract can help to ease irritation brought on by environmental factors like sun exposure or harsh skincare products as well as reduce inflammation and redness associated with acne.



ASTRINGENT PROPERTIES FOR ACNE AND OILY SKIN, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Those with oily or acne-prone skin will benefit from cucumber extract's astringent properties, which can tighten and tone the skin.
Astringents function by closing pores and reducing sebum production, which is the oil that the skin produces.
This may help to ward off pimples and the appearance of enlarged pores.
Cucurbitacins and tannins, which are natural astringents found in cucumber extract, can help to firm and tighten the skin.
The cooling and refreshing properties of cucumber extract can also help to calm and soothe the skin.
These astringent advantages for your skin can be achieved by using skincare products that contain cucumber extract.
Cucumber extract can help regulate oil production and stop breakouts, so look for it in toners, cleansers, and masks. It's important to remember that while astringents can be helpful for people with oily or acne-prone skin, they can be drying and irritating for people with dry or sensitive skin.
Use a gentle, non-drying product that still has the benefits of cucumber extract if you have dry or sensitive skin.



REDUCING PUFFY EYES AND DARK CIRCLES, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber extract is also known for reducing puffiness and dark circles under the eyes.
Many factors can contribute to puffy eyes, including a lack of sleep, allergies, and dehydration.
Dark circles can also be caused by several factors, such as genetics, ageing, and skin pigmentation.

The anti-inflammatory properties of cucumber extract can help to lessen swelling and inflammation around the eyes.
The cooling and hydrating effects of cucumber extract can also help to calm the sensitive skin around the eyes and lessen the visibility of dark circles.
Cucumber extract can be used to reduce puffiness and dark circles by placing cucumber slices over your eyes for 10-15 minutes or by using cucumber extract-containing skincare products.

Look for cucumber extract in eye creams or serums to help soothe and hydrate the skin around your eyes and reduce the appearance of puffiness and dark circles.
While cucumber extract can assist in lessening the appearance of puffiness and dark circles, it might not be able to do so entirely.
Other lifestyle factors, such as getting enough sleep and staying hydrated, can help reduce puffiness and dark circles under the eyes.



ENHANCING COLLAGEN PRODUCTION AND ELASTICITY, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Collagen is a protein that is essential for maintaining skin elasticity and firmness.
The production of collagen in our skin naturally decreases as we age, which can result in wrinkles and sagging skin.
One such all-natural ingredient that can increase collagen production and increase skin elasticity is cucumber extract.

Vitamins and minerals found in abundance in cucumber extract can help with the production of collagen and skin elasticity.
Vitamin C and caffeic acid, two compounds known to promote the production of collagen, are found in particular in cucumber extract.
Caffeic acid is an essential nutrient for the production of new collagen and can protect the structure of existing collagen.

In addition to boosting the production of collagen, cucumber extract also contains silica, a mineral necessary for maintaining healthy connective tissue in the skin.
Silica can increase skin elasticity and firmness, which will make wrinkles and fine lines less obvious.



INCORPORATING CUCUMBER EXTRACT INTO YOUR SKINCARE ROUTINE:
Cucumber extract skincare benefits:
Cucumber extract is easy to incorporate into your skincare routine and offers a variety of skin benefits.
Here are some ways to incorporate cucumber extract into your skincare routine:

*Cleansing:
Begin by cleansing your face gently with a cleanser containing cucumber extract.
This can help to remove dirt, oil, and makeup from your skin while also hydrating and soothing it.

*Toning:
To help tighten and firm your skin after cleansing, use a toner containing cucumber extract.
This can aid in pore reduction and oil production management.

*Serum:
If you want to increase collagen production and increase skin elasticity, think about using a serum with cucumber extract.
This can assist in giving your skin the vitamins and minerals it requires to produce collagen and keep its elasticity.

*Applying moisture:
To hydrate and calm your skin, use a moisturiser containing cucumber extract.
This can give you a healthy, radiant glow and lessen the visibility of fine lines and wrinkles.

*Eye cream:
To help reduce puffiness and dark circles around the eyes, use an eye cream that contains cucumber extract.
This can give the delicate skin around the eyes some relief and hydration, giving the area a more youthful appearance.

*Face mask:
To give your skin a deep, hydrating treatment once or twice per week, think about using a cucumber extract face mask.
Your skin will look and feel soft and supple after using this to help calm and refresh it.



SAFETY AND SIDE EFFECTS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber extract is generally regarded as safe because there haven't been many negative side effects associated with its use in skincare products.



SUITABLE SKIN TYPES, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
All skin types, including normal, oily, combination, dry, and sensitive, can use cucumber extract.
Cucumber extract is a gentle and hydrating ingredient that can benefit the skin in a variety of ways, including inflammation reduction, improved hydration, and antioxidant protection.
To get the best results, however, choose skincare products that are specifically formulated for your skin type.
If you have oily or acne-prone skin, for example, look for products with astringent properties to help control oil production.
If you have dry skin, look for products with extra hydrating ingredients to help moisturise and nourish it.
In general, cucumber extract is a versatile ingredient that can be beneficial for many different skin types and concerns.
To make sure a new skincare product with cucumber extract is suitable for your skin type before using it all over your face, it is always a good idea to patch-test it first.



SUGGESTED USE & BENEFITS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
The cucumber, from the gourd family, is believed to be native to India.
As a popular culinary vegetable it has been cultivated in France since the 9th century, England since the 14th century, and in North America from the mid-16th century onwards.
We associate the cucumber with cooling properties and perhaps its best-known cosmetic use is for calming puffy eyes.
Some say that cucumber’s soothing/anti-inflammatory properties are more reputed than scientifically-based, but cucumber extract does naturally contain a host of constituents that are beneficial for skin at the cellular level, including the minerals magnesium and potassium (which support the skin’s moisture retention and regulation), vitamin C and the phytochemical caffeic acid (antioxidant benefits).
The lutein within cucumber can help counteract melanogenesis, the process that can lead to skin pigmentation/discoloration.
The component of silica will help reduce wrinkles and fine lines by giving a boost to the skin’s collagen.
Cucumber Extract also contains amino acids, proteins, and lipids.



BENEFITS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Cucumber extract a superfood for skin.
Cucumber extract has natural desquamation properties.
Cucumber Extract aids in your skin's natural shedding of its outer layer during cell turnover, keeping your skin looking fresh and young.
The antioxidants that cucumber contains resolve any inflammation on the skin effortlessly.

✅ Calms and rejuvenates inflamed skin.
✅ Soothes and relieves puffy skin.
✅ Can remove excessive oil and unclog pores.
✅ Firms and tightens skin



TOP BENEFITS OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT FOR YOUR SKIN:
Cucumber extract is a powerful ingredient that can benefit your skin in several ways.
Here are some of the top benefits of cucumber extract for your skin:

*The high water content of cucumber extract makes it a fantastic skin hydrator.
Cucumber extract aids in replenishing the skin's moisture levels, keeping it supple, radiant, and soft.

*Antioxidants in cucumber extract, like vitamin C, can shield the skin from free radical damage that can speed up the ageing process.
Cucumber extract can aid in lessening the visibility of age spots, wrinkles, and fine lines.

*Cucumber extract has anti-inflammatory qualities that can help calm and soothe irritated or inflamed skin.
For people with rosacea or acne-prone skin, in particular, Cucumber extract may be helpful.

*Ascorbic acid, a component of cucumber extract, can help to lighten and even out skin tone.
It can make dark spots and hyperpigmentation less noticeable, making the skin look lighter and more radiant.

*A great ingredient for products like facial mists or eye creams, cucumber extract has a cooling effect on the skin.
Cucumber extract can aid in minimising puffiness and leave the skin feeling renewed and refreshed.

*Cucumber extract has astringent qualities that may aid in firming and tightening the skin.
Those with sagging or loose skin may benefit most from Cucumber extract.



HYDRATION AND MOISTURIZATION OF CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
The water content of the skin is referred to as "hydration."
When your skin is hydrated, it means that there is an adequate amount of water within the skin cells and between them.
Hydration is essential because it keeps the skin soft, supple, and plump.

Dehydrated skin can appear dull, tight, and even flaky or itchy.
On the other hand, the process of adding moisture to the skin is referred to as "moisturization."
Moisturisers are skincare products that contain ingredients that help to keep moisture in the skin and prevent it from evaporating.
Moisturization is essential because it keeps the skin hydrated and prevents water loss, which can cause dryness and other skin problems.

Cucumber extract is an excellent hydrating and moisturising ingredient.
Because of its high water content, it is an excellent hydrator, helping to replenish the skin's water content and keep it looking plump and healthy.
Additionally, the fatty acids and phytosterols in cucumber extract help to lock in moisture and stop it from evaporating from the skin, resulting in effective moisturization.



ANTIOXIDANTS AND ANTI-AGING, CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Antioxidants are compounds that help to protect the skin from free radical damage, which are unstable molecules that can damage cells and speed up the ageing process.
When free radicals interact with skin cells, they can cause oxidative stress, which can lead to inflammation, wrinkles, and other ageing symptoms.

Antioxidants work by neutralising free radicals and keeping them from causing skin damage.
They can also aid in the repair of existing damage and the promotion of healthy cell growth.
Examples of antioxidants that are frequently present in skincare products include beta-carotene, flavonoids, and vitamins C and E.
Antioxidants are frequently present in anti-aging skincare products because of their capacity to shield the skin from harm and encourage healthy cell growth.

Cucumber extract is high in antioxidants, including vitamin C, which can protect the skin from free radical damage and help to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.
Cucumber extract, in addition to its antioxidant properties, contains compounds that can help boost collagen production, which can help reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.
The protein collagen gives the skin its elasticity and firmness, but as we get older, our bodies produce less collagen, which causes sagging and wrinkles.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
Colour: greenish
Form: liquid
State of matter: liquid
Odour: typical
pH value: 4.5 – 6.5
Flash point: No data available.
Self-ignition temperature: Not applicable
Melting point: No data available.
Boiling point: No data available.
Vapour pressure: No data available.
Density: approx. 1 g/cm3 ( 20 °C)
Partitioning coefficient n No data available.
octanol/water (log Pow):
Viscosity, dynamic: 1 - 3 mPa.s ( 20 °C)
% Volatiles: not determined
Solubility in water: miscible



FIRST AID MEASURES of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
-Inhalation:
Remove to fresh air.
-Skin:
After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water and soap.
-Eyes:
In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
-Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention immediately.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
-Cleanup:
Pick up with inert absorbent material.
Place into approved waste containers.
Wear suitable protective equipment.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
-Suitable extinguishing media:
carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
-Work in well ventilated areas.
Personal protective equipment.
*Eye protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
-Handling
*General advice:
As with all industrial chemicals, use good industrial practices when handling.
-Storage
*General advice:
Keep container tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated place



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CUCUMBER EXTRACT:
-Possibility of Hazardous Reactions:
No hazardous reactions known.
-Hazardous decomposition products:
No decomposition expected under normal storage conditions.



SYNONYMS:
CUCUMBER EXTRACT
CUCUMBER FRUIT EXTRACT
CUCUMBER INFUSION
CUCUMBER, EXT.
CUCUMIS SATIVUS (CUCUMBER) EXTRACT
CUCUMIS SATIVUS (CUCUMBER) FRUIT EXTRACT
CUCUMIS SATIVUS (CUCUMBER) INFUSION
CUCUMIS SATIVUS EXTRACT
CUCUMIS SATIVUS FRUIT EXTRACT
CUCUMIS SATIVUS INFUSION
EXTRACT OF CUCUMBER
EXTRACT OF CUCUMIS SATIVUS
Glycerin
Aqua
Cucumis Sativus Fruit Extract

CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) is a highly reactive organic compound that is used in a variety of applications in the scientific and industrial fields.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a white crystalline solid with a pungent odor, and is a powerful oxidizing agent.


CAS Number: 80-15-9
MDL number: MFCD00002129
Chemical formula: C9H12O2


Cumene hydroperoxide is an initiator for radical polymerization
Cumene hydroperoxide is a relatively stable organic peroxide.
This oxidizing agent, Cumene hydroperoxide, is commercially available with a purity of ~80%.


A 0.2 M solution in benzene has a half-life of 29 hours at 145°C.
The decomposition products of cumene hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol.
Pure cumene hydroperoxide can be stored at room temperature.


Cumene hydroperoxide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Cumene hydroperoxide has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ).


Cumene hydroperoxide is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives.
Technically Cumene hydroperoxide is part of the human exposome.
Cumene hydroperoxide is slightly soluble in water and readily soluble in ether, alcohol, acetone, esters, hydrocarbons, and chlorinated hydrocarbons.


Cumene hydroperoxide is the organic compound with the formula C6H5C(CH3)2OOH.
An oily liquid, Cumene hydroperoxide is classified as an organic hydroperoxide.
Products of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol.


Cumene hydroperoxide is produced by treatment of cumene with oxygen, an autoxidation.
At temperatures >100 °C, oxygen is passed through liquid cumene:
C6H5(CH3)2CH + O2 → C6H5(CH3)2COOH


Dicumyl peroxide is a side product.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a free radical initiator for production of acrylates.
Cumene hydroperoxide is involved as an organic peroxide in the manufacturing of propylene oxide by the oxidation of propylene.


The oxidation by cumene hydroperoxide of propylene affords propylene oxide and the byproduct 2-Phenyl-2-propanol.
The reaction follows this stoichiometry:
CH3CHCH2 + C6H5(CH3)2COOH → CH3CHCH2O + C6H5(CH3)2COH


Dehydrating and hydrogenating cumyl alcohol recycles the cumene.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a sharp, odor.
Flash point of Cumene hydroperoxide is 175 °F.


Cumene hydroperoxide boils at 153 °C and at 100 °C at the reduced pressure of 8 mmHg.
Cumene hydroperoxide is slightly soluble in water and denser than water.
Cumene hydroperoxide hence sinks in water.


Cumene hydroperoxide is readily soluble in alcohol, acetone, esters, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Cumene hydroperoxide is used in production of acetone and phenol, as a polymerization catalyst, in redox systems.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.


Cumene hydroperoxide has a role as an oxidising agent and a Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite.
Cumene hydroperoxide derives from a hydride of a cumene.
Cumene Hydroperoxide [CAS: 80-15-9] is a colorless to yellow liquid that is a relatively stable organic peroxide.


Cumene Hydroperoxide is produced by the oxidation of Cumene as a co-product of phenol.
Cumene Hydroperoxide is often referred to as CHP for short; other names include Cumyl Hydroperoxide and the IUPAC name 2-hydroperoxypropan-2-ylbenzene.
Cumene Hydroperoxide decomposes fairly easily, producing Acetophenone, Cumyl Alcohol, and Methylstyrene.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
Cumene hydroperoxide is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, inks and toners, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products and cosmetics and personal care products.


Cumene hydroperoxide is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Other release to the environment of Cumene hydroperoxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.


Other release to the environment of Cumene hydroperoxide is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and outdoor use as reactive substance.
Cumene hydroperoxide is used in the following products: polymers and biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products).
Release to the environment of Cumene hydroperoxide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.


Cumene hydroperoxide is used in the following products: polymers.
Cumene hydroperoxide has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Cumene hydroperoxide is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.


Release to the environment of Cumene hydroperoxide can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Through the study of melatonin Cumene hydroperoxide has been observed to promote lipid oxidation and inhibit protein synthesis.


Release to the environment of Cumene hydroperoxide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


Cumene Hydroperoxide, also known as Cumyl Hydroperoxide, is used as an oxidizing agent.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.


Cumene hydroperoxide is a colorless to pale yellow liquid.
Cumene hydroperoxide is reactive with metal-containing materials and is the initiator for polymerization of styrene and acrylic monomer.
Cumene Hydroperoxide is an oxidant used in the preparation of polystyrene nanocapsules.


Cumene hydroperoxide is used in the production of acetone and phenol and as a curing agent for polyester resins and other polymers.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a derivative of cumene, a hydrocarbon derived from petroleum, and is used in the synthesis of a range of organic and inorganic compounds, as well as in the manufacture of polymers, plastics, and pharmaceuticals.


Cumene Hydroperoxide is typically used to provide extra stability as a polymerization inhibitor in redox systems.
CHP is also used in the manufacturing of organic peroxides, the production of phenol and acetone, and as a strong free radical source since it contains more than 8.5% active oxygen.


This unique peroxide functions as both a polymerization inhibitor and a reagent for the manufacture of other organic peroxides.
Cumene Hydroperoxide is also a strong oxidizing agent, which makes it an extremely valuable specialty intermediate in the plastics and epoxy resin industries.


Adding CHP to epoxy vinyl ester systems can eliminate the foaming experienced with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), a more traditionally used organic peroxide.
CHP systems also allow for a wide range of gel times followed by a well-controlled cure of epoxy resins.


This allows relatively thick laminates to be made, thereby reducing the risk of the finished resin overheating and warping.
Cumene hydroperoxide is an intermediate in the cumene process for producing phenol and acetone from benzene and propene.
Cumene hydroperoxide is also used in the production of polyurethane foam and in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).



SYNTHESIS METHOD OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
Cumene hydroperoxide is produced by the reaction of cumene with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst, usually manganese dioxide.
The reaction is typically carried out in a closed system at temperatures of up to 150°C and pressures of up to 20 atmospheres.
The reaction is highly exothermic, and the rate of reaction is controlled by the rate of cooling.
The reaction produces a mixture of Cumene hydroperoxide and cumene, which is then separated by distillation.



SYNTHESIS METHOD DETAILS OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
*Design of the Synthesis Pathway
The synthesis pathway for Cumene hydroperoxide involves the oxidation of Cumene (isopropylbenzene) using Hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an acid catalyst.



STARTING MATERIALS OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
*Cumene (isopropylbenzene)
*Hydrogen peroxide
*Acid catalyst (such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid)



REACTION OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
Mix Cumene and Hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the acid catalyst
Heat the mixture to a temperature of around 60-80°C
Allow the reaction to proceed for several hours
Separate the Cumene hydroperoxide from the reaction mixture using a solvent such as ethyl acetate
Purify the Cumene hydroperoxide using distillation or crystallization



SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATIONS OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
Cumene hydroperoxide is used in a wide range of scientific research applications, including in the synthesis of organic and inorganic compounds, in the production of polymers, plastics, and pharmaceuticals, and in the manufacture of polyurethane foam and PVC.
Cumene hydroperoxide is also used in the study of the mechanisms of oxidation and reduction reactions, in the study of the effects of oxidizing agents on organic compounds, and in the study of the mechanisms of polymerization and cross-linking reactions.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
Cumene hydroperoxide is a powerful oxidizing agent and its reactivity is due to its ability to transfer oxygen atoms to other molecules.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a strong oxidizing agent and can oxidize a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds.
Cumene hydroperoxide is also a strong reducing agent and can reduce many organic and inorganic compounds.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
*Peroxols
*Alkyl hydroperoxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
*Phenylpropane
*Hydroperoxide
*Alkyl hydroperoxide
*Peroxol
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
Chemical formula: C9H12O2
Molar mass: 152.193 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Density: 1.02 g/cm3
Melting point: −9 °C (16 °F; 264 K)
Boiling point: 153 °C (307 °F; 426 K)
Solubility in water: 1.5 g/100 mL
Vapor pressure: 14 mmHg, at 20 °C
Boiling point: 116 °C (20 hPa)
Density: 1.03 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 57 °C
Melting Point: pH value: >5 (13 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Solubility: 13 g/l
Melting Point: -37°C

Color: Yellow
Quantity: 100 g
UN Number: 3109
Formula Weight: 152.19
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Cumene Hydroperoxide
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.03000 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index: 1.52100 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -9.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 225.00 to 226.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.003270 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point: 133.00 °F. TCC ( 56.11 °C. )
logP (o/w): 2.216 (est)

Soluble in: water, 1.39E+04 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Flash Point: 135°F (NTP, 1992)
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): 0.9 %
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): 6.5 %
Autoignition Temperature: 300°F
Melting Point: less than -40°F
Vapor Pressure: 0.6 mmHg at 68°F (for 80-85% by weight)
Vapor Density (Relative to Air): 5
Specific Gravity: 1.03 at 77°F
Boiling Point: Decomposes at 261°F
Molecular Weight: 152.21
Water Solubility: less than 0.1 mg/mL at 64°F
Ionization Energy/Potential: data unavailable
IDLH: data unavailable
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C9H12O2 = 152.19

Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
CAS RN: 80-15-9
Reaxys Registry Number: 1908117
PubChem Substance ID: 87560369
MDL Number: MFCD00002129
Appearance (Colour): Clear colorless to pale yellow
Form: Liquid
Assay (Iodometric Titration): ≥75%
Identification (FTIR): Conforms
Refractive Index: 1,5170-1,5250 @ 20°C
Melting point: -30°
Refractive index: 1.5240
Flash point: 56°(132°F)
Formula weight: 152.20
Boiling point: 100-102°/8mm

MDL No.: MFCD00002129
CAS No.: 80-15-9
Molecular formula: C9H12O2
Storage temperature: 2°C to 8°C
Molecular Weight: 152.19 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 1.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 152.083729621 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 152.083729621 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 115
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Flash Point: 135°F (NTP, 1992)
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): 0.9 % (NTP, 1992)
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): 6.5 % (NTP, 1992)
Autoignition Temperature: 300°F (USCG, 1999)
Melting Point: less than -40°F (NTP, 1992)
Vapor Pressure: 0.6 mmHg at 68°F (for 80-85% by weight) (NTP, 1992)
Vapor Density (Relative to Air): 5 (NTP, 1992)
Specific Gravity: 1.03 at 77°F (USCG, 1999)
Boiling Point: Decomposes at 261°F (NTP, 1992)
Molecular Weight: 152.21 (NTP, 1992)
Water Solubility: less than 0.1 mg/mL at 64°F (NTP, 1992)
Ionization Energy/Potential: data unavailable
IDLH: data unavailable



FIRST AID MEASURES of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
No special precautionary measures necessary.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special precautionary measures necessary.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
α,α-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
2-Phenylpropane-2-peroxol
Cumyl hydroperoxide
CHP
.alpha.,.alpha.-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
.alpha.,.alpha.-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
.alpha.-Cumene hydroperoxide
.alpha.-Cumyl hydroperoxide
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide
2-hydroperoxypropan-2-ylbenzene
2-PHENYL-2-PROPYL HYDROPEROXIDE
2-phenylpropan-2-yl hydroperoxide
2-Phenylpropane-2-peroxol
4-06-00-03221 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
7-Hydroperoxykumen
80-15-9
a,a-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
AKOS015841738
alpha, alpha-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
ALPHA,ALPHA-DIMETHYLBENZENE HYDROPEROXIDE
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
alpha-Cumene hydroperoxide
alpha-Cumyl hydroperoxide
BRN 1908117
C2223
CAS-80-15-9
CCG-207896
CCRIS 3801
CHEBI:78673
CHEMBL1518369
CHP-158
CHP-5
CMH (CHRIS Code)
Cumeenhydroperoxyde
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumene Hydroperoxide (80per cent, Technical grade)
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumene hydroperoxide, technical grade, 80%
Cumene hydroperoxide, technical, ~80% in cumene
Cumene hydroperoxide
(Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide)
dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
DTXCID404869
DTXSID3024869
EC 201-254-7
EINECS 201-254-7
HSDB 254
Hydroperoxide de cumene
Hydroperoxide, .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl
Hydroperoxide, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl
Hydroperoxide, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl-
Hydroperoxide, alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl
Hydroperoxide, alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl-
Hydroperoxyde de cumene
isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
KAYACUMENE H
LS-1792
LUPEROX CU 80
MFCD00002129
NA2116
NCGC00091748-01
NCGC00091748-02
NCGC00091748-03
NCGC00254045-01
Percumyl H
PG7JD54X4I
PH 80
Q414439
r 239a
RCRA waste no. U096
RCRA waste number U096
SCHEMBL11210695
SCHEMBL15251
STL453641
Tox21_300283
Trigonox K 80
TRIGONOX K 90
Trigonox K-95
Trigonox R 239A
TRIGONOX R 239R
UN 2116
UN2116
UNII-PG7JD54X4I
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
alpha-Cumene hydroperoxide
alpha-Cumyl hydroperoxide
CHP
Cumenyl hydroperoxide
Cumolhydroperoxid
Cumyl hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxyde de cumene
Hydroperoxyde de cumyle
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
a,a-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
Α,α-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
a-Cumene hydroperoxide
Α-cumene hydroperoxide
a-Cumyl hydroperoxide
Α-cumyl hydroperoxide
Cumene hydroperoxide, sodium salt
Cumylhydroperoxide
Isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxide, α,α-dimethylbenzyl
α-Cumene hydroperoxide
α-Cumyl hydroperoxide
α,α-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cumenyl hydroperoxide
Cumyl hydroperoxide
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
Percumyl H
Trigonox K 80
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
Cumeenhydroperoxyde
Cument hydroperoxide
Cumolhydroperoxid
Hydroperoxyde de cumene
Hydroperoxyde de cumyle
7-Hydroperoxykumen
Idroperossido di cumene
Idroperossido di cumolo
Kumenylhydroperoxid
Rcra waste number U096
UN 2116
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide
CHP-158
CHP-5
Hyperiz
Trigonox R 239A
Trigonox K-95
Hydroperoxide, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl
(1-hydroperoxy-1-methyl-ethyl)benzene
.alpha.,.alpha.-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
alpha,alpha-dimethyl-benzyl hydroperoxide
.alpha.-Cumene hydroperoxide
.alpha.-Cumyl hydroperoxide
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide
2-(dioxidanyl)propan-2-ylbenzene
2-Hydroperoxypropan-2-ylbenzene
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
7-Hydroperoxykumen
CHP
CHP-158
CHP-5
Cumeenhydroperoxyde
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cument hydroperoxide
Cumenyl hydroperoxide
Cumolhydroperoxid
Cumolhydroperoxide
Trigonox R 239A
Cumyl hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxide de cumene
Hydroperoxyde de cumene
Hydroperoxyde de cumyle
Hyperiz
(2-hydroperoxypropan-2-yl)benzene
Idroperossido di cumene
Idroperossido di cumolo
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
Kumenylhydroperoxid
Percumyl H
Trigonox K 80
Trigonox K-95
BRN 1908117
CCRIS 3801
EINECS 201-254-7
HSDB 254
RCRA WASTE NO. U096
UN 2116
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl Hydroperoxide
α,α-Dimethylbenzyl Hydroperoxide
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl Hydroperoxide
2-Hydroperoxy-2-phenylpropane
2-Phenyl-2-propyl Hydroperoxide
2-Phenylpropyl Hydroperoxide
7-Cumyl Hydroperoxide
CHP
CHP 158
CHP 5
CHP 90
CHPO
CU 90
Cumen Hydroperoxide
Cumene Hydroperoxide
Cumenyl Hydroperoxide
Cumyl Hydrogen peroxide
Cumyl hydroperoxide
H 80
Hyperis
Hyperiz
Isopropylbenzene Hydroperoxide
Kayacumene H
Luperox CU 80
Luperox CU 90
PH 80; Percumyl H
Percumyl H 18
Percumyl H 80
Percumyl H 90
R 239A
Trigonox K 80
Trigonox K 90
Trigonox R 239A
Trigonox R 239R
α,α-Dimethylbenzyl Hydroperoxide
α-Cumene Hydroperoxide
α-Cumyl Hydroperoxide
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
CHP
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cument hydroperoxide
Cumenyl hydroperoxide
Cumolhydroperoxide
Cumyl hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxide de cumene
Hydroperoxide, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl
Hydroperoxide, alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl-
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
UN3107
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
alpha-Cumene hydroperoxide
alpha-Cumyl hydroperoxide
CHP
cumene hydroperoxide
Cumenyl hydroperoxide
Cumolhydroperoxid
Cumyl hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxyde de cumene
Hydroperoxyde de cumyle
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide



Cumène sulfonate de sodium( sodium cumène sulfonate)
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triol; 1,3,5-Triazinetriol; 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione; 1,3,5-Triazinetrione; Trihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine; Tricarbimide; Pseudocyanuric acid; Isocyanuric acid; sym-triazine-2,4,6-triol; sym-triazinetriol; normal cyanuric acid; 2,4,6-trihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine; trihydroxycyanidine; tricyanic acid; Cas no: 108-80-5
CUMYL HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumyl hydroperoxide is colorless to light yellow liquid with a sharp, irritating odor.
Cumyl hydroperoxide slightly soluble in water and denser than water.
Cumyl hydroperoxide readily soluble in alcohol, acetone, esters, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons.

CAS Number: 80-15-9
Molecular Formula: C9H12O2
Molecular Weight: 152.19
EINECS Number: 201-254-7

Cumyl hydroperoxide, flash point 175°F and boils at 153°C and at 100°C at the reduced pressure of 8 mm Hg.
Cumyl hydroperoxide used in production of acetone and phenol, as a polymerization catalyst, in redox systems.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is a colorless to pale yellow liquid.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is moderately soluble in water.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is a member of a class of chemicals called organic peroxides.
Cumyl hydroperoxide can be formed in small amounts from the breakdown of the naturally occurring compound cumene

Cumyl hydroperoxide is the organic compound with the formula C9H12O2.
An oily liquid, Cumyl hydroperoxide is classified as an organic hydroperoxide.
Cumyl hydroperoxides of decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and 2-Phenyl-2-propanol.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is produced by treatment of cumene with oxygen, an autoxidation at temperatures >100 °C, oxygen is passed through liquid cumene:
C6H5(CH3)2CH + O2 → C6H5(CH3)2COOH Dicumyl peroxide is a side Cumyl hydroperoxide.
Cumyl hydroperoxide penetrates human red blood cells reduced by glutathione in the reaction catalyzed by glutathione peroxidase.

Cumyl hydroperoxide, water, and oxidized gluthathione were products.
Enzymatic reduction of Cumyl hydroperoxide leads to the formation of cumenol (2-phenylpropan-2-ol) in vitro.
Cumyl hydroperoxide has known human metabolites that include (2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxo-3- (2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxysulfanyl)propan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid.

The Cumyl hydroperoxide-hematin system reacts with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide to form the nitroxide 5,5-dimethylpyrrolidone-(2)-oxyl-(1) (DMPOX).
DMPOX is formed via spin trapping of a Cumyl hydroperoxide radical followed by an intramolecular carbanion displacement.

hydroperoxide-hematin system is most likely mediated by cumene hydroperoxyl radical.
Cumyl hydroperoxide oxidized cholesterol to the carcinogen 5,6-epoxide (5,6-alpha-epoxy-5-alpha-cholestan-3-beta-ol).

Cumyl hydroperoxide is an organic hydroperoxide intermediate in the cumene process for synthesizing phenol and acetone from benzene and propene.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is typically used as an oxidizing agent.
Cumyl hydroperoxide of decomposition of Cumyl hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol.

One of the key uses for the Cumyl hydroperoxide is as a free radical initiator for acrylate and methacrylate monomers, and polyester resins.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is involved as an organic peroxide in the manufacturing of propylene oxide by the oxidation of propylene.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a relatively stable organic peroxide.

This oxidizing agent is commercially available with a purity of ~80%. A 0.2 M solution in benzene has a half-life of 29 hours at 145°C.
The decomposition products of Cumyl hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol.
Pure Cumyl hydroperoxidecan be stored at room temperature, but the potential for an uncontrolled reaction and explosion is high.

Cumyl hydroperoxide as well as other hydroperoxides can undergo rapid decomposition under the influence of a wide range of trace compounds, such as acids and metals.
Cumyl hydroperoxide, also known as cumene hydroperoxide, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C9H12O2.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is an organic peroxide that is used primarily as an initiator in various polymerization processes and as a source of free radicals in chemical reactions.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is an important industrial chemical with applications in the production of plastics, resins, and other products.

Melting point: -30 °C
Boiling point: 100-101 °C/8 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.03 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density: 5.4 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.5230
Flash point: 192 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Soluble), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly), Methanol (Soluble)
form: clear liquid
pka: pK1:12.60 (25°C)
color: Colorless to Almost colorless
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
BRN: 1908117
Exposure limits No exposure limit is set. On the basis of its irritant properties, a ceiling limit of 2 mg/m3 (0.3 ppm) is recommended.
Stability: Stable. combustible. Strong oxidizer.
LogP: 1.6 at 25℃

Cumyl hydroperoxide is a strong oxidizing agent.
May react explosively upon contact with reducing reagents Violent reaction occurs upon contact with copper, copper alloys, lead alloys, and mineral acids.
Contact with charcoal powder gives a strong exothermic reaction.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is typically synthesized through the reaction of cumene (also known as isopropylbenzene) with hydrogen peroxide.
This reaction yields cumyl hydroperoxide and water.
The stability of cumyl hydroperoxide is a critical factor due to its potential for decomposition.

Cumyl hydroperoxide can undergo self-decomposition, leading to the release of radicals and heat.
To maintain its stability, it is often stored at lower temperatures and with appropriate stabilizers.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is a radical initiator commonly used in the production of thermoplastic polymers.

When heated, cumyl hydroperoxide decomposes into radicals, which initiate the polymerization of monomers.
This process involves the propagation of polymer chains through the addition of monomer molecules.
The resulting Cumyl hydroperoxide have various industrial applications due to their mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties.

Cumene hydroperoxide is an intermediate in the cumene process for producing phenol and acetone from benzene and propene.
Cumene hydroperoxide is a free radical initiator for production of acrylates.

Cumene hydroperoxide is involved as an organic peroxide in the manufacturing of propylene oxide by the oxidation of propylene.
The oxidation by Cumyl hydroperoxide of propylene affords propylene oxide and the byproduct 2-Phenyl-2-propanol.

Cumyl hydroperoxide of properties and Structure:
Cumyl hydroperoxide is a pale yellow liquid at room temperature.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is a type of organic peroxide, characterized by an oxygen-oxygen single bond (O-O) in its structure.
The specific arrangement of atoms in the molecule makes it susceptible to decomposition, releasing free radicals that can initiate polymerization reactions.

Cumyl hydroperoxide's production and use in the manufacture of acetone, phenol, and alpha-methylsytrene, as a polymerization catalyst, and as a polyester resin crosslinking agent, may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Small quantities might be formed in the atmosphere and natural waters from cumene.
If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.27X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Cumyl hydroperoxide will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere.

Vapor-phase Cumyl hydroperoxide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemicallyproduced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 45 hours.
If released to soil, Cumyl hydroperoxide is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2000.
Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.7X10-8 atm-cu m/mole.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure.

Cumyl hydroperoxides react with a variety of compounds and are degraded readily to the corresponding alcohols.
If released into water, is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc.
An estimated BCF of 12 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Occupational exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Cumyl hydroperoxide is produced or used.
Cumyl hydroperoxide's production and use in the manufacture of acetone, phenol, and alpha-methylsytrene(1), as a polymerization catalyst(2), and as a polyester resin crosslinking agent(3), may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Uses
Cumyl hydroperoxide is used for the manufactureof acetone and phenols; for studyingthe mechanism of NADPH-dependent lipidperoxidation; and in organic syntheses.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is used in the preparation of polystyrene nanocapsules.
Cumyl hydroperoxide acts as a curing agent for polyester resins and as an oxidizer in organic chemical reactions.

Cumyl hydroperoxide serves as an initiator for radical polymerization especially for acrylate and methacrylate monomers.
Cumyl hydroperoxide also employed as an intermediate in the cumene process for developing phenol and acetone from benzene and propene.
Further, Cumyl hydroperoxide is used as an epoxidation reagent for allylic alcohols and fatty acid esters.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is also used to prepare methylstyrene, acetophenone and cumyl alcohol.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is widely used as an initiator in the production of polymers and plastics.
When it decomposes, it forms free radicals that can initiate the polymerization of monomers, leading to the formation of polymer chains.

This is crucial in the Cumyl hydroperoxide of materials like polystyrene, polyethylene, and other plastics.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is used in the production of synthetic resins and adhesives.
It helps initiate the polymerization of monomers to create crosslinked structures that contribute to the strength and durability of the final product.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is also used as a source of free radicals in various chemical reactions.
Cumyl hydroperoxide can be used to modify and functionalize organic compounds by introducing new chemical groups.
In some cases, cumyl hydroperoxide is used as an oxidizing agent in certain chemical transformations.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is an important commercial chemical used in the production of plastics and to make other chemicals.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is an ingredient in an auto detail product and home maintenance product.
Cumyl hydroperoxide used may breathe in vapors or have direct skin contact.

The general population may be exposed by vapors from limited use in two consumer Cumyl hydroperoxide.
If Cumyl hydroperoxide is released to the environment, it will be broken down in air.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is expected to be broken down by sunlight.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is expected to move slowly through soil.
It is not expected to build up in fish.
However, organic peroxides such as Cumyl hydroperoxide are very reactive and will explode and burn if not stored properly.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is utilized in the production of synthetic resins and adhesives.
The radical initiation process helps link monomers together to form crosslinked structures, resulting in the solidification of resins and the creation of adhesive properties.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is involved in the polymerization of olefins, such as ethylene and propylene, leading to the production of polyethylene and polypropylene, respectively.

Cumyl hydroperoxide are used in a wide range of applications, including packaging materials, containers, and more.
In the rubber industry, cumyl hydroperoxide is used to initiate polymerization reactions in the production of synthetic rubbers.
These rubbers can then be used for a variety of applications, including tires, seals, gaskets, and more.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is used in the production of other polymers and plastics, contributing to the versatility and functionality of numerous industrial and consumer products.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is utilized in the production of adhesives and sealants.
By initiating polymerization reactions, Cumyl hydroperoxide helps create crosslinked structures that contribute to the adhesive properties and the ability to bond surfaces together.

In the coatings industry, cumyl hydroperoxide is employed to initiate polymerization reactions in the production of coatings and paints.
These coatings can provide protective and decorative finishes on surfaces such as metal, wood, and plastic.
Cumyl hydroperoxide can be used in the textile industry to modify and functionalize textiles, enhancing properties such as water resistance, durability, and dyeability.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is sometimes used as a source of free radicals in chemical reactions.
These reactions can be employed to modify molecules and create new compounds with specific properties.
Cumyl hydroperoxide serves as a valuable tool in research laboratories and development projects, particularly in the synthesis of new polymers and materials.

Cumyl hydroperoxide can be used in the production of plastic additives that enhance the properties of plastics, such as impact resistance, UV stability, and flame retardancy.
In some cases, cumyl hydroperoxide can be used as an oxidizing agent in wastewater treatment processes to break down organic pollutants.
In the medical field, cumyl hydroperoxide can be utilized in certain medical device manufacturing processes where polymers with specific properties are required.

Cumyl hydroperoxide is used in the rubber industry to initiate the vulcanization process.
Vulcanization involves the crosslinking of rubber molecules using heat and additives to improve the mechanical properties, elasticity, and durability of rubber products.
Emulsion polymerization is a process used to produce latex dispersions, which are used in coatings, paints, adhesives, and more.

Cumyl hydroperoxide can act as an initiator in emulsion polymerization reactions to create latex particles.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is involved in initiating the polymerization of thermoset resins, which are widely used in the production of composites, laminates, and molded parts for industries such as aerospace and automotive.
Cumyl hydroperoxide can serve as a source of radicals in various chemical reactions used to synthesize new organic compounds with specific properties, such as pharmaceutical intermediates or specialty chemicals.

Health Hazard
Cumyl hydroperoxide is a mild to moderateskin irritant on rabbits.
Subcutaneousapplication exhibited a strong delayed reactionwith symptoms of erythema and edema(Floyd and Stockinger 1958).
Strong solutionscan irritate the eyes severely, affectingthe cornea and iris.

Its toxicity is comparable to that of Cumyl hydroperoxide.
Cumyl hydroperoxideis toxic,its pretreatment may be effective against thetoxicity of hydrogen peroxide.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is mutagenic andtumorigenic (NIOSH 1986).

Fire Hazard
When exposed to heat or flame, Cumyl hydroperoxide may ignite and/or explode.
A 91–95% concentration of Cumyl hydroperoxide decomposes violently at 150°C (302°F) (NFPA 1986).
Cumyl hydroperoxide forms an explosive mixture with air.

Safety
Organic peroxides, including cumyl hydroperoxide, are hazardous materials due to their potential for spontaneous decomposition and release of free radicals, which can lead to fires or explosions.
They are sensitive to heat, friction, and impact Proper handling, storage, and transportation are crucial to prevent accidents.

Cumyl hydroperoxide, like all organic peroxides, is potentially explosive.
Cumyl hydroperoxide is also toxic, corrosive and flammable as well as a skin-irritant.

Synonyms
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumyl hydroperoxide
80-15-9
Cumenyl hydroperoxide
Cumolhydroperoxid
Cumolhydroperoxide
7-Cumyl hydroperoxide
Hydroperoxide, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
Cument hydroperoxide
2-hydroperoxypropan-2-ylbenzene
Hydroperoxyde de cumene
Hydroperoxyde de cumyle
Cumeenhydroperoxyde
Kumenylhydroperoxid
Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
7-Hydroperoxykumen
RCRA waste number U096
Hydroperoxide de cumene
Idroperossido di cumene
Idroperossido di cumolo
Percumyl H
1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide
CCRIS 3801
HSDB 254
Hyperiz
DTXSID3024869
Cumolhydroperoxid [German]
UNII-PG7JD54X4I
Cumeenhydroperoxyde [Dutch]
Kumenylhydroperoxid [Czech]
7-Hydroperoxykumen [Czech]
EINECS 201-254-7
PG7JD54X4I
alpha,alpha-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
Trigonox K 80
BRN 1908117
Hydroperoxide, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl-
CHEBI:78673
Hydroperoxide, alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl-
Hydroperoxyde de cumene [French]
Hydroperoxyde de cumyle [French]
Idroperossido di cumene [Italian]
Idroperossido di cumolo [Italian]
PH 80
alpha-Cumyl hydroperoxide
alpha-Cumene hydroperoxide
LUPEROX CU 80
TRIGONOX K 90
2-Phenylpropane-2-peroxol
RCRA waste no. U096
Hydroperoxide, alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl
DTXCID404869
EC 201-254-7
4-06-00-03221 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
.alpha.,.alpha.-Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
cumylhydroperoxide
Hydroperoxide, .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl
Cumene Hydroperoxide (80per cent, Technical grade)
r 239a
isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide
cumyl-hydroperoxide
Trigonox K-95
Trigonox R 239A
KAYACUMENE H
CMH (CHRIS Code)
dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
TRIGONOX R 239R
.alpha.-Cumyl hydroperoxide
CHP-5
.alpha.-Cumene hydroperoxide
SCHEMBL15251
a,a-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
CHEMBL1518369
SCHEMBL11210695
CHP-158
2-phenylpropan-2-yl hydroperoxide
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE [HSDB]
Tox21_300283
MFCD00002129
NA2116
STL453641
UN2116
AKOS015841738
CCG-207896
LS-1792
UN 2116
2-PHENYL-2-PROPYL HYDROPEROXIDE
CAS-80-15-9
alpha, alpha-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
NCGC00091748-01
NCGC00091748-02
NCGC00091748-03
NCGC00254045-01
.alpha.,.alpha.-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxide
Cumene hydroperoxide, technical grade, 80%
C2223
ALPHA,ALPHA-DIMETHYLBENZENE HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumene hydroperoxide, technical, ~80% in cumene
Q414439
Cumene hydroperoxide; (Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide)
CUMYL HYDROPEROXIDE
Cumyl Hydroperoxide Cumyl hydroperoxide is an organic hydroperoxide intermediate in the cumene process for synthesizing phenol and acetone from benzene and propene. It is typically used as an oxidizing agent.[2] Products of decomposition of Cumyl hydroperoxide are methylstyrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol.[3] Its formula is C6H5C(CH3)2OOH. One of the key uses for the material is as a free radical initiator for acrylate and methacrylate monomers, and polyester resins. Cumyl hydroperoxide is involved as an organic peroxide in the manufacturing of propylene oxide by the oxidation of propylene. This technology was commercialized by Sumitomo Chemical.[4] Oxidation of cumene affords Cumyl hydroperoxide C6H5(CH3)2CH + oxidation → C6H5(CH3)2COOH The oxidation by Cumyl hydroperoxide of propylene affords propylene oxide and the byproduct cumyl alcohol. The reaction follows this stoichiometry: CH3CHCH2 + C6H5(CH3)2COOH → CH3CHCH2O + C6H5(CH3)2COH Dehydrating and hydrogenating cumyl alcohol recycles the cumene. Public safety Cumyl hydroperoxide is believed to be one of the chemicals of concern[6] at the Arkema facility in Crosby, Texas in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. Properties Chemical formula C9H12O2 Molar mass 152.193 g·mol−1 Appearance Colorless to pale yellow liquid Density 1.02 g/cm3 Melting point −9 °C (16 °F; 264 K) Boiling point 153 °C (307 °F; 426 K) Solubility in water 1.5 g/100 mL Vapor pressure 14 mmHg, at 20 °C Application Asymmetric Ketone Hydrogenation Epoxidation reagent for allylic alcohols[2] and fatty acid esters,[3] as an initiator for radical polymerization. Cumyl hydroperoxide is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. Flash point 175°F. Boils at 153°C and at 100°C at the reduced pressure of 8 mm Hg. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Hence sinks in water. Readily soluble in alcohol, acetone, esters, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons. Toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Used in production of acetone and phenol, as a polymerization catalyst, in redox systems. Cumyl hydroperoxide penetrates human red blood cells ... reduced by glutathione in the reaction catalyzed by glutathione peroxidase. Cumenol, water, and oxidized gluthathione were products. Enzymatic reduction of Cumyl hydroperoxide leads to the formation of cumenol (2-phenylpropan-2-ol) in vitro. Cumyl hydroperoxide has known human metabolites that include (2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxo-3-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxysulfanyl)propan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid. The Cumyl hydroperoxide-hematin system reacts with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide to form the nitroxide 5,5-dimethyl-pyrrolidone-(2)-oxyl-(1) (DMPOX). DMPOX is formed via spin trapping of a cumene hydroperoxyl radical followed by an intramolecular carbanion displacement. Activation of carcinogen n-hydroxy-2-acetyl aminofluorene by Cumyl hydroperoxide-hematin system is most likely mediated by cumene hydroperoxyl radical. Cumyl hydroperoxide oxidized cholesterol to the carcinogen 5,6-epoxide (5,6-alpha-epoxy-5-alpha-cholestan-3-beta-ol). Chemical Properties Cumyl hydroperoxide, an organic peroxide, is a colorless to pale yellow to green liquid. Mild odor. USES Production of acetone and phenol; polymerization catalyst, particularly in redox systems, used for rapid polymerization. Uses Cumyl hydroperoxide is used for the manufactureof acetone and phenols; for studyingthe mechanism of NADPH-dependent lipidperoxidation; and in organic syntheses. Definition ChEBI: A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group. General Description Colorless to light yellow liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. Flash point 175°F. Boils at 153°C and at 100°C at the reduced pressure of 8 mm Hg. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Hence sinks in water. Readily soluble in alcohol, acetone, esters, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons. Toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Used in production of acetone and phenol, as a polymerization catalyst, in redox systems. Air & Water Reactions Slightly soluble in water and oxidized in air at approximately 130°C. Reactivity Profile Cumyl hydroperoxide is a strong oxidizing agent. May react explosively upon contact with reducing reagents Violent reaction occurs upon contact with copper, copper alloys, lead alloys, and mineral acids. Contact with charcoal powder gives a strong exothermic reaction. Decomposes explosively with sodium iodide [Chem. Eng. News, 1990, 68(6), 2]. Can be exploded by shock or heat [Sax, 2 ed., 1965, p. 643]. May ignite organic materials. Hazard Toxic by inhalation and skin absorption. Strong oxidizing agent; may ignite organic materials. Health Hazard Cumyl hydroperoxide is a mild to moderateskin irritant on rabbits. Subcutaneousapplication exhibited a strong delayed reactionwith symptoms of erythema and edema(Floyd and Stockinger 1958). Strong solutionscan irritate the eyes severely, affectingthe cornea and iris. Its toxicity is comparable to that of tertbutylhydroperoxide. The toxic routes areingestion and inhalation. The acute toxicitysymptoms in rats and mice were muscleweakness, shivering, and prostration.Oral administration of 400 mg/kg resulted inexcessive urinary bleeding in rats. LD50 value, oral (rats): 382 mg/kg LD50 value, intraperitoneal (rats): 95 mg/kg Although Cumyl hydroperoxide is toxic,its pretreatment may be effective against thetoxicity of hydrogen peroxide. In humans, itstoxicity is low. Cumyl hydroperoxide is mutagenic andtumorigenic (NIOSH 1986). It may causetumors at the site of application. In mice,skin and blood tumors have been observed.Its cancer-causing effects on humans are notknown. Health Hazard Inhalation of vapor causes headache and burning throat. Liquid causes severe irritation of eyes; on skin, causes burning, throbbing sensation, irritation, and blisters. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Fire Hazard Flammable; highly reactive and oxidizing. Flash point 79°C (174.2°F); vapor density 5.2 (air= 1); autoignition temperature not reported; self-accelerating decomposition temperature 93°C (199.4°F). When exposed to heat or flame, it may ignite and/or explode. A 91–95% concentration of Cumyl hydroperoxide decomposes violently at 150°C (302°F) (NFPA 1986). Duswalt and Hood (1990) reported violent decomposition when this compound mixed accidentally with a 2-propanol solution of sodium iodide. It forms an explosive mixture with air. The explosive concentration range is not reported. Hazardous when mixed with easily oxidizable compounds. Fire-extinguishing agent: water from a sprinkler or fog nozzle from an explosion-resistant location. Potential Exposure Cumyl hydroperoxide is used as polymerization initiator, curing agent for unsaturated polyester resins and cross-linking agent; as an intermediate in the process for making phenol plus acetone from cumene. storage Cumyl hydroperoxide is stored in a cool,dry and well-ventilated area isolated fromother chemicals. It should be protectedagainst physical damage. It may be shippedin wooden boxes with inside glass or earthenwarecontainers or in 55-gallon metal drums. IDENTIFICATION: Cumyl hydroperoxide is a colorless to pale yellow liquid. It is moderately soluble in water. It is a member of a class of chemicals called organic peroxides. It can be formed in small amounts from the breakdown of the naturally occurring compound cumene. USE: Cumyl hydroperoxide is an important commercial chemical used in the production of plastics and to make other chemicals. It is an ingredient in an auto detail product and home maintenance product. EXPOSURE: Workers that use Cumyl hydroperoxide may breathe in vapors or have direct skin contact. The general population may be exposed by vapors from limited use in two consumer products. If Cumyl hydroperoxide is released to the environment, it will be broken down in air. It is expected to be broken down by sunlight. It will not move into air from moist soil and water. It is expected to move slowly through soil. It is not expected to build up in fish. However, organic peroxides such as Cumyl hydroperoxide are very reactive and will explode and burn if not stored properly. RISK: Chemical burns have been reported following direct skin contact to Cumyl hydroperoxide. Allergic skin rashes may occur with repeated, low-dose skin contact. Additional data on the potential for Cumyl hydroperoxide to cause toxic effects in humans are not available. However, several toxic effects associated with exposure to organic peroxides (as a group) have been reported. Splashes directly to the eye can cause severe damage and potential blindness. Stomach pain, burning sensation and shock or collapse have been reported following accidental ingestion of organic peroxides. Sore throat, burning sensation, cough, difficulty breathing and shortness of breath have been reported following inhalation of organic peroxide vapors. A build-up of fluid in the lungs may occur hours after the initial exposure, especially following exertion. Available data in laboratory animals indicate that human exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide will likely cause effects consistent with general organic peroxide exposure (listed above). Additional effects reported in animals exposed to Cumyl hydroperoxide include excitement, convulsions, decreased body weight, and evidence of damage to various organs at lethal doses, particularly the kidney. No data on the potential for Cumyl hydroperoxide to cause infertility, abortion, or birth defects are available. In laboratory animals, skin exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide caused an increase in cancerous skin tumors caused by a known tumor agent (dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene). Exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide alone did not induce skin tumors following direct skin exposure or injection under the skin. The potential for Cumyl hydroperoxide to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 14th Report on Carcinogens. Cumyl hydroperoxide is obtained by oxidizing cumene with air, usually in a cascade of stirred-tank reactors or bubble columns at temperatures in the range of 100-140 °C and a pressure of 6-7 bar and usually with small amounts of a buffer to prevent acids from building up. Since Cumyl hydroperoxide, as a tertiary alkyl hydroperoxide, is much more stable than ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, the oxidation can be taken to a higher conversion with still reasonable selectivity. Usually the conversion is limited to around 20%, leading to selectivities to Cumyl hydroperoxide in the range of 90-95%. Cumyl hydroperoxide, 80-95%; cumene, 9.6-16.8%; dimethyl phenyl carbinol, 2.9-4.6%; and acetophenone, 0.3-0.8%. Cumyl hydroperoxide is a good candidate for incineration by liquid injection incineration with a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. It is also a good candidate for rotary kiln incineration, with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C and a residence time of seconds, and fluidized bed incineration, with a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and a residence time of seconds. An explosion occurred in our laboratory during the purification of 100 mL of Cumyl hydroperoxide. The explosion was violent enough to completely shatter the ceramic top of a magnetic stir plate. Modifications of the published procedure ("Purification of Laboratory Chemicals," D. D. Perrin, W. L. F. Armarego, and D. R. Perrin, 2nd Ed.) were used and involved washing the sodium salt of the hydroperoxide with toluene rather than benzene and drying the hexane extracts of the Cumyl hydroperoxide over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The magnesium sulfate had been removed by filtration, and the hexane was evaporated under vacuum at ambient temperature when the flask exploded. Most of the hexane appeared to have been removed because the residue in the flask was quite viscous. The Cumyl hydroperoxide was probably present in very high concentration, with little hexane remaining just before the explosion. All other aspects of the procedure were identical to those published in the book cited. The exact cause of the explosion is not known. The only modification of the procedure that could possibly be connected to the explosion is the use of magnesium sulfate. It does not seem likely that substituting toluene for benzene would have any effect. This modified procedure has been used many times by several researchers in our laboratories with no problems; however, the incident serves as a poignant reminder of the sensitive nature of hydroperoxides, even those hydroperoxides known to be thermally quite stable, such as Cumyl hydroperoxide. Cumyl hydroperoxide at 0.2 M concentration in benzene is thermally stable with a half-life of 29 hours at 145 °C. The material, as it is purchased, is often listed as 80% Cumyl hydroperoxide. We know from analysis that the impurities are decomposition products of Cumyl hydroperoxide (alpha- methyl styrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol). Many vendors warn that in the concentrated state, as purchased, Cumyl hydroperoxide should be stored at temperatures below 80 °C. The thermal data on hydroperoxides can be misleading and lull one into a false sense of security. The literature is full of examples showing that cumene, as well as other hydroperoxides, can undergo rapid decomposition at room temperature with a wide range of compounds, even when these compounds are present in trace or catalytic concentrations (acids and metal are examples). If one happens to be purifying a relatively large quantity of the hydroperoxide in a neat or concentrated state, the potential for an uncontrolled reaction and explosion is high. During a purification procedure, there are many opportunities to inadvertently introduce small amounts of materials that may prove to be active catalysts for hydroperoxide decomposition. This can occur even when using well-established purification procedures. We recommend staying with the published procedures and not using active drying agents such as magnesium sulfate. The drying agent could contain traces of unidentified materials that may catalyze decomposition of the hydroperoxide. We also recommend purifying small quantities of Cumyl hydroperoxide (<5 g) and using it immediately. One should also take advantage of all available protective measures. Such measures include keeping the hood clear of any other flammable or potentially dangerous materials during purification. This precaution helps to avoid the possibility of secondary accidents being initiated by the uncontrolled reaction of the hydroperoxide during purification. Safety visor, apron, and heavy gloves should also be worn and explosion-proof shields used. This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Cumyl hydroperoxide is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. An explosion occurred in our laboratory during the purification of 100 mL of Cumyl hydroperoxide. The explosion was violent enough to completely shatter the ceramic top of a magnetic stir plate. Modifications of the published procedure ("Purification of Laboratory Chemicals," D. D. Perrin, W. L. F. Armarego, and D. R. Perrin, 2nd Ed.) were used and involved washing the sodium salt of the hydroperoxide with toluene rather than benzene and drying the hexane extracts of the Cumyl hydroperoxide over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The magnesium sulfate had been removed by filtration, and the hexane was evaporated under vacuum at ambient temperature when the flask exploded. Most of the hexane appeared to have been removed because the residue in the flask was quite viscous. The Cumyl hydroperoxide was probably present in very high concentration, with little hexane remaining just before the explosion. All other aspects of the procedure were identical to those published in the book cited. The exact cause of the explosion is not known. The only modification of the procedure that could possibly be connected to the explosion is the use of magnesium sulfate. It does not seem likely that substituting toluene for benzene would have any effect. This modified procedure has been used many times by several researchers in our laboratories with no problems; however, the incident serves as a poignant reminder of the sensitive nature of hydroperoxides, even those hydroperoxides known to be thermally quite stable, such as Cumyl hydroperoxide. Cumyl hydroperoxide at 0.2 M concentration in benzene is thermally stable with a half-life of 29 hours at 145 °C. The material, as it is purchased, is often listed as 80% Cumyl hydroperoxide. We know from analysis that the impurities are decomposition products of Cumyl hydroperoxide (alpha methyl styrene, acetophenone, and cumyl alcohol). Many vendors warn that in the concentrated state, as purchased, Cumyl hydroperoxide should be stored at temperatures below 80 °C. The thermal data on hydroperoxides can be misleading and lull one into a false sense of security. The literature is full of examples showing that cumene, as well as other hydroperoxides, can undergo rapid decomposition at room temperature with a wide range of compounds, even when these compounds are present in trace or catalytic concentrations (acids and metal are examples). If one happens to be purifying a relatively large quantity of the hydroperoxide in a neat or concentrated state, the potential for an uncontrolled reaction and explosion is high. During a purification procedure, there are many opportunities to inadvertently introduce small amounts of materials that may prove to be active catalysts for hydroperoxide decomposition. This can occur even when using well-established purification procedures. We recommend staying with the published procedures and not using active drying agents such as magnesium sulfate. The drying agent could contain traces of unidentified materials that may catalyze decomposition of the hydroperoxide. We also recommend purifying small quantities of Cumyl hydroperoxide (<5 g) and using it immediately. One should also take advantage of all available protective measures. Such measures include keeping the hood clear of any other flammable or potentially dangerous materials during purification. This precaution helps to avoid the possibility of secondary accidents being initiated by the uncontrolled reaction of the hydroperoxide during purification. Safety visor, apron, and heavy gloves should also be worn and explosion-proof shields used. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to identify new chemopreventive agents which could be useful for man. Myrica nagi, a subtropical shrub, has been shown to possess significant activity against hepatotoxicity and other pharmacological and physiological disorders. We have shown a chemopreventive effect of Myrica nagi on Cumyl hydroperoxide-induced cutaneous oxidative stress and toxicity in mice. Cumyl hydroperoxide treatment at a dose level of 30 mg/animal/0.2 mL acetone enhances susceptibility of cutaneous microsomal membrane for iron-ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation and induction of xanthine oxidase activity which are accompanied by decrease in the activities of cutaneous antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and depletion in the level of cutaneous glutathione. Parallel to these changes a sharp decrease in the activities of phase II metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase and quinone reductase has been observed. Application of Myrica nagi at doses of 2.0 mg and 4.0 mg/kg body weight in acetone prior to that of Cumyl hydroperoxide (30 mg/animal/0.2 mL acetone) treatment resulted in significant inhibition of Cumyl hydroperoxide-induced cutaneous oxidative stress and toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Enhanced susceptibility of cutaneous microsomal membrane for lipid peroxidation induced by iron ascorbate and xanthine oxidase activities were significantly reduced (p<0.05). In addition the depleted level of glutathione, the inhibited activities of antioxidants, and phase II metabolizing enzymes were recovered to a significant level (p<0.05). The protective effect of Myrica nagi was dose-dependent. In summary our data suggest that Myrica nagi is an effective chemopreventive agent in skin and capable of ameliorating Cumyl hydroperoxide-induced cutaneous oxidative stress and toxicity. Organic peroxides are widely used in the chemical industry as initiators of oxidation for the production of polymers and fiber-reinforced plastics, in the manufacture of polyester resin coatings, and pharmaceuticals. Free radical production is considered to be one of the key factors contributing to skin tumor promotion by organic peroxides. In vitro experiments have demonstrated metal-catalyzed formation of alkoxyl, alkyl, and aryl radicals in keratinocytes incubated with Cumyl hydroperoxide. The present study investigated in vivo free radical generation in lipid extracts of mouse skin exposed to Cumyl hydroperoxide. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique was used to detect the formation of alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) radical adducts, following intradermal injection of 180 mg/kg PBN. It was found that 30 min after topical exposure, Cumyl hydroperoxide (12 mmol/kg) induced free radical generation in the skin of female Balb/c mice kept for 10 weeks on vitamin E-deficient diets. In contrast, hardly discernible radical adducts were detected when Cumyl hydroperoxide was applied to the skin of mice fed a vitamin E-sufficient diet. Importantly, total antioxidant reserve and levels of GSH, ascorbate, and vitamin E decreased 34%, 46.5%. 27%, and 98%, respectively, after mice were kept for 10 weeks on vitamin E-deficient diet. PBN adducts detected by ESR in vitamin E-deficient mice provide direct evidence for in vivo free radical generation in the skin after exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide. Hemidesmus indicus has been shown to possess significant activity against immunotoxicity and other pharmacological and physiological disorders. In this communication, we have shown the modulating effect of H. indicus on Cumyl hydroperoxide-mediated cutaneous oxidative stress and tumor promotion response in murine skin. Cumyl hydroperoxide treatment (30 mg per animal) increased cutaneous microsomal lipid peroxidation and induction of xanthine oxidase activity which are accompanied by decrease in the activities of cutaneous antioxidant enzymes and depletion in the level of glutathione. Parallel to these changes a sharp decrease in the activities of phase II metabolizing enzymes was observed. Cumyl hydroperoxide treatment also induced the ornithine decarboxylase activity and enhanced the [(3)H]-thymidine uptake in DNA synthesis in murine skin. Application of ethanolic extract of H. indicus at a dose level of 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg body weight in acetone prior to that of Cumyl hydroperoxide treatment resulted in significant inhibition of Cumyl hydroperoxide-induced cutaneous oxidative stress, epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and enhanced DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Enhanced susceptibility of cutaneous microsomal membrane for lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase activity were significantly reduced (p<0.01). In addition the depleted level of glutathione, inhibited activities of antioxidants and phase II metabolizing enzymes were recovered to significant level (p<0.05). In summary, our data suggest that H. indicus is an effective chemopreventive agent in skin and capable of ameliorating hydroperoxide-induced cutaneous oxidative stress and tumor promotion. USE: Cumene peroxide is a colorless to pale-yellow liquid. It is used in production of acetone and phenol; as polymerization catalyst, particularly in the redox systems, used for rapid polymerization. HUMAN STUDIES: Normal human epidermal keratinocytes undergo profound lipid oxidation with preference for phosphatidylserine followed by phosphatidylserine externalization upon exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide. ANIMAL STUDIES: Application of 1-2 drops of Cumyl hydroperoxide (73%) to rabbit skin (circular area, 2 cm diameter) produced erythema, edema, and vesiculation within 2-3 days. 1 mg applied to the eye of rabbits caused redness of palpebral conjunctiva and chemosis. Skin carcinoma formed in DMBA/cumene peroxide-exposed mice in initiation/promotion study. Mutagenic activity of Cumyl hydroperoxide was observed in the Drosophila melanogaster test. Cumyl hydroperoxide was evaluated for mutagenicity in the Salmonella microsome preincubation assay. Cumyl hydroperoxide was tested in as many as 5 Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA97, TA98, and TA100) in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Cumyl hydroperoxide was positive in the Ames test with the last positive dose tested 33 ug/plate. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Toxic action of water pollutants was tested by measuring the immobilization of Daphnia magna, strain ircha. The mean effective concentration (EC50) for Cumyl hydroperoxide was less than 10 mg/L. Reactive oxygen species not only modulate important signal transduction pathways, but also induce DNA damage and cytotoxicity in keratinocytes. Hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides are particularly important as these chemicals are widely used in dermally applied cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and also represent endogenous metabolic intermediates. Lipid peroxidation is of fundamental interest in the cellular response to peroxides, as lipids are extremely sensitive to oxidation and lipid-based signaling systems have been implicated in a number of cellular processes, including apoptosis. Oxidation of specific phospholipid classes was measured in normal human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to Cumyl hydroperoxide after metabolic incorporation of the fluorescent oxidation-sensitive fatty acid, cis-parinaric acid, using a fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography assay. In addition, lipid oxidation was correlated with changes in membrane phospholipid asymmetry and other markers of apoptosis. Although Cumyl hydroperoxide produced significant oxidation of cis-parinaric acid in all phospholipid classes, one phospholipid, phosphatidylserine, appeared to be preferentially oxidized above all other species. Using fluorescamine derivatization and annexin V binding, it was observed that specific oxidation of phosphatidylserine was accompanied by phosphatidylserine translocation from the inner to the outer plasma membrane surface where it may serve as a recognition signal for interaction with phagocytic macrophages. These effects occurred much earlier than any detectable changes in other apoptotic markers such as caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation, or changes in nuclear morphology. Thus, normal human epidermal keratinocytes undergo profound lipid oxidation with preference for phosphatidylserine followed by phosphatidylserine externalization upon exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide. It is, therefore, likely that normal human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to similar oxidative stress in vivo would undergo phosphatidylserine oxidation/translocation. This would make them targets for macrophage recognition and phagocytosis, and thus limit their potential to invoke inflammation or give rise to neoplastic transformations. Acute Exposure/ Rats (n=2) exposed to 50 ppm of Cumyl hydroperoxide for three 4-hr periods experienced incoordination, tremor, and /CNS depression/. One died. Autopsy (histological) indicated congested lung and kidneys. Rats (n=6) exposed to 31.5 ppm of Cumyl hydroperoxide for seven 5-hr periods exhibited salivation, respiratory difficulty, tremors, and hyperemia of ears and tail. Histological examination indicated emphysema and thickening of alveolar walls. Rats (n=6) exposed to 16 ppm of Cumyl hydroperoxide for twelve 4.5-hr periods experienced salivation, and nose irritation while autopsy indicated organs to be normal. Subchronic toxicity was evaluated in groups of 20 Fischer 344 rats (10 males and 10 females) exposed daily for 6 hours to 1, 6, 31, or 124 mg/cu m Cumyl hydroperoxide, 5 days a week for 3 months. Exposure at 124 mg/m3 was terminated after 5 days due to excessive toxicity; mortality was observed in 6/10 male, and 3/10 female rats at 12 days at which time the surviving animals were sacrificed. Clinical observations of animals in the 124 mg/cu m dose group at 12 days included eye and nose irritation, breathing difficulties, and decreased body weights. Pathological observations attributed to the effect of the test article in animals that died or were sacrificed in the 124 mg/cu m dose group included ulceration and inflammation of the cornea, nasal turbinates and lining of the stomach; while observations of thymic atrophy, depletion of lymphoid tissue in the germinal centers of some lymph nodes and the spleen, decreased lipid content of the liver, and decreased circulating white blood cells, were attributed to stress. Hematological observations in the 124 mg/cu m dose group included a generalized decrease in PCV, RBC and WBC count and a decrease in hemoglobin levels. Cumyl hydroperoxide did not induce biologically significant changes in clinical, pathological, hematological, and biochemical parameters, or in urinalysis values, when administered at concentrations of 1, 6, or 31 mg/cu m in the animals maintained on exposure for the full 90 days. Cumyl hydroperoxide's production and use in the manufacture of acetone, phenol, and alpha-methylsytrene, as a polymerization catalyst, and as a polyester resin crosslinking agent, may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Small quantities might be formed in the atmosphere and natural waters from cumene. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.27X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Cumyl hydroperoxide will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase Cumyl hydroperoxide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 45 hours. If released to soil, Cumyl hydroperoxide is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2000. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.7X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. Cumyl hydroperoxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process. Hydroperoxides react with a variety of compounds and are degraded readily to the corresponding alcohols. If released into water, is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 12 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to Cumyl hydroperoxide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Cumyl hydroperoxide is produced or used. Cumyl hydroperoxide's production and use in the manufacture of acetone, phenol, and alpha-methylsytrene(1), as a polymerization catalyst(2), and as a polyester resin crosslinking agent(3), may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 2000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that Cumyl hydroperoxide is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of Cumyl hydroperoxide from moist soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.7X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3.27X10-3 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 13,900 mg/L(4). Cumyl hydroperoxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) b
CUTINA STE
CUTINA STE Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid. Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.Technical Datasheet | Supplied by BASF in-cosmetics global 2020 Distearyl Ether. CUTINA STE by BASF is an opacifier. Due to its chemical structure, it is hydrolysis stable and is suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed. CUTINA STE finds application in shampoos, deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick due to its spreading behavior. The shelf life of the ingredient is 12 months. Claims Pigments > Opacifying Products spreading INCI Names DISTEARYL ETHER Chemical Composition Ether, Di-n-Stearyl-C18H37-O-C17H37 Description Cutina STE is a product mainly used in shampoo as opacifier. Due to its chemical structure it is hydrolitically stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It can also be used in lipstick for its interesting spreading behavior. Cutina STE is a slightly yellowish lipophilic wax with a characteristic odor and is supplies in micropearls or pellets. CUTINA STE FS 45Stearic acid (and) palmitic acid.
CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a natural thickener extracted from the guar plant.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, more commonly known as cluster beans, is an annual legume native of Asia.


CAS Number: 9000-30-0
EC Number: 232-536-8
Chem/IUPAC Name: Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Gum is a resinous material derived from the ground endosperm of the Guar, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L., Leguminosae



SYNONYMS:
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Guar), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Guar) gum, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba gum, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus gum (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Guar) gum), Cyamopsis tetragonolubus (Guar), Cyamopsis tetragonolubus (Guar) gum, Cyamopsis tetragonolubus gum, Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) gum, Guar gum, Guar gum (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), guaran, guar bean, Cyamopsis psoraloides, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, Dietary Fiber, Dolichos psoraloides, Farine de Guar, Fibre Alimentaire, Goma Guar, Gomme de Guar, Gomme de Jaguar, Guar Flour, Indian Guar Plant, Jaguar Gum, Psoralea tetragonoloba, Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Gum, Guar Gum, Dilip Gum, Guaran, 9000-30-0, 232-536-8, CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA, CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA (GUAR) GUM, CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA [WHO-DD], CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA GUM, CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA GUM [WHO-DD], CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS, E-412, FEMA NO. 2537, GUAR FLOUR, GUAR GUM [FCC], GUAR GUM [FHFI], GUAR GUM [HSDB], GUAR GUM [II], GUAR GUM [MART.], GUAR GUM [MI], GUAR GUM [VANDF], GUARAN, GUARAN [MI], GUM-CYAMOPSIS, INS NO. 412, INS-412, INDALCA AG-BV, INDALCA AG-HV, LYCOID DR, GUAR GUM (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS (L.)), GUM, CYANOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA, GUAR GUM, GUAR (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA) GUM, CYANOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA GUM, GUAR GUM; GUAR GUM (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS); SOLVENT PURIFIED GUAR GUM, CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA GUM, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, Cyamopsis psoraloides, Dolichos psoraloides, Psoralea tetragonoloba



Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is derived from the seeds of the guar plant.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, more commonly known as cluster beans, is an annual legume native of Asia.
The resinous material made out of guar bean is called guar gum.


One of its main component, galactomannan polysaccharide, is sort of polymer and the main ingredient responsible for its properties.
However, hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride, another component, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is also frequently used in cosmetic products.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a resinous material derived from the groundendosperm of Cyanopsis tetragonoloba.


A plant-derived (coming from the seeds of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, aka Guar) big, branched sugar molecule that is used as a gelling agent.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is yellowish-white guar gum, obtained from the seeds of the guar plant, contains long-chain sugars.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a resin-like material derived from the ground endosperm of the Guar, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L., Leguminosae.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a natural thickener extracted from the guar plant.
This natural thickener, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, has broad compatibilities and a smooth sensory profile suitable for all applications.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum allows you to formulate in a wide range of pH, in combination with cationic ingredients and cold-process formulations.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is the ideal thickener for formulas with sustainability claims.
Furthermore, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum shows excellent synergies with other hydrocolloids i.e. xanthan gum to deliver high-viscosity solutions even at low concentration.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum (also called Guar Gum) is a resinous material made from the guar bean.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a type of polysaccharide called galactomannan made from legume plants that consists of a polymannose backbone to which galactose groups are bound.


Derivatives of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum that also may be used in cosmetics and personal care products include Hydroxypropyl Guar, Guar Hydroxpropyltrimonium Chloride and Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride.
The yellowish-white Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, which is derived from the seeds of the guar plant contains long-chain sugars.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a legume with a nitrogen-fixing capability due to its symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a polysaccharide from the Indian cluster bean (Cyanopsis tetragonoloba), a polymer of galactose and mannose.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is an upright plant that grows up to 3 m in height.


The leaves and stems are mostly hairy.
The leaves are elongated, oval shaped, and of alternate position.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is often consumed as a vegetable.


The seed is the source of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum which is used as a stabilizer and thickener in various food and food products.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is also eaten when cooked and possesses medicinal values.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum stabilizes blood sugar level, a laxative, and a digestive tonic.


The plant is very drought resistant when established.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is soluble in water.
When adding guar gum to a mixture, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is best to add small quantities at a time.


Be sure to stir Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum for a while after each addition.
If the Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is added too quickly or in large quantities, it will be fruilt -in or agglutine together.
Do not use if your formula contains borax or calcium.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum has several advantages, mainly when used in gluten -free cuisine, but in too much quantity it may have certain drawbacks.


Again, due to its high fiber content, too much Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum can cause digestive disorders in sensitive people.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a food additive (E412) widely used in the food industry.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, also known as guar gum, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba gum or designated by the code E412, is a polysaccharide derived from the seeds of the Cyamopsis tetragonoloba plant.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a species of aubergine-shaped plant native to India and Pakistan, but nowadays it is also successfully cultivated in other areas, thriving in Australia and the USA, for example.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is an erect, herbaceous annual to perennial plant growing up to 300cm tall, though cultivated forms are more commonly 20 - 100cm tall.


The plant is the source of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, obtained from the seeds and used extensively in the food industry, commercially and medicinally.
The plant is also a local source of food.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is often cultivated in India and southeastern Asia for its seeds and seedpods, which are also used as a food.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
The resinous material made out of guar bean is called guar gum.
One of its main component, galactomannan polysaccharide, is sort of polymer and the main ingredient responsible for its properties.
However, hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride, another component, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is also frequently used in cosmetic products.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is mainly used as a vegetable in different Asian cousins.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is used as an emulsion stabilizer, viscosity controller and film forming agent.
In aqueous solutions, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is used as an emulsifier or thickening agent.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, also known as guar gum, is a natural thickener and stabiliser that can be used in toothpaste tablets.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is a domesticated legume crop, with most of of the world's production in India.
Cultivated plants grow to around one metre tall, with hairy stems and leaves.


The leaves, seed pods and seeds are all known to be edible, and are often cooked in curries.
Harvested seeds or 'guar beans' are dehusked, roasted, hydrated and ground to produce guar gum.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is composed of sugars that make it a cold-soluble thickening agent.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is used to thicken many foods and personal care products, and is a more efficient alternative to locust bean gum, which requires greater amounts to achieve the same level of viscosity.
In toothpaste tablets, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum helps to create a smooth texture and improve the stability of the toothpaste.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum also acts as a binding agent, helping to hold the tablet together and prevent it from crumbling or breaking.
In liquid solutions, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is used as a thickening agent or as an emulsifier. (from essential oils)
Among these guar ingredients, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride is most frequently used in cosmetic products.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum may be used in bath products, hair conditioners, hair dyes, other hair care products and skin care products.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum and the other guar derivatives may also be used in bath products, hair care products, shaving preparations and skin care products.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is mainly used as agglutinating, thickening and stabilizing in food thanks to its uniform texture and properties to form gels.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum can be used in sauces, ice creams and sorbets, bakery and pastry products, powders, etc.
Thanks to Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum's uniform texture and its properties to form gels.


In particular, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum allows certain preparations to be reduced by replacing the role of starch, sugars or fat.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum should be used in moderation.
Ideal for the manufacture of shampoos, revitalizing, lotions, creams, shower gels, soups, sauces, cakes, bread muffins.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is efficient hot and cold.
This capacity to hydrate without heating makes Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum very useful in many industrial applications.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum has a good synergy with xanthan gum, but does not form a gel with the carraghénanes.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is an emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer extracted from the seed of an annual leguminous plant.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum acts as a thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer in cosmetic formulations.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum can form a "free breathing" film on hair and skin, that prevents water loss.


As a conditioner, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum will make skin smooth and soft.
Plant-derived thickening agent often used in products that are attempting to be (or are) mostly natural.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is used in crop rotation to replenish the soil.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is well known and widely used due to its specific properties, which are very valuable for many industries.
The natural nature and irreplaceable properties of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum have led to its widespread use in various industries.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is most commonly found in the food industry, where it is used as a stabiliser, emulsifier and thickener.


Thus, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum finds applications such as in ice creams, cheeses, salad dressings, soups in hair and skin-friendly shampoos and other cosmetic products.
Compatible also uses the consistency and viscosity of Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum in the textile industry and papermaking.


Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is also used extensively in the mining industry, where it is a component of mining solutions in fracking.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is able to reduce the coefficient of friction of the liquid, thus allowing the mining solution to penetrate more easily into the bedrock.



USE AND BENEFITS OF CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is very popular as a thickening agent in food preparation, but it is also used as an antistatic agent, having a polysaccharide structure, it can be understood there are many -OH- and H+ groups to donate.
Thus, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum can nullify any static produced due to weather or any other reason.

Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum forms a film over skin or hair surface and saves moisture loss, which is a primary reason for skin damage.
This way, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum conditions the skin and hair, by not letting moisture to escape.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum also stabilizes emulsions with a similar principle of having many different ion donors and receivers.

Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum also imparts viscosity to any product so it is used as a viscosity adjuster so that the product can look uniform and stability is also not compromised.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is used in bath products, hair care products, shaving creams, skin care products.



WHAT DOES CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Binding
*Emulsion stabilising
*Film forming
*Masking
*Viscosity controlling



FUNCTIONS OF CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
BINDING
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum ensures the cohesion of powdered products

EMULSION STABILISING
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum supports emulsion formation and improves product stability

FILM FORMING
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum produces a continuous film on skin, hair and / or nails

FRAGRANCE
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum enhances the smell of a product and / or perfumes the skin

VISCOSITY CONTROLLING
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetic products



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF
Galactomannan polysaccharides, including Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, are derived from plants of the bean (also called the Legume family).
These plants make galactomannan polysaccharides as a source of energy to support the growth of the embryo within the seed.

In addition to being used in cosmetics and personal care products, Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is commonly used as a thickener in foods such as salad dressings, ice cream and soups.
Hydroxypropyl Guar is also used in artificial tear solutions.



WHY IS CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM USED?
The following functions have been reported for Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum and the compounds made from Guar Gum:

*Antistatic agents
– Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride Binders
– Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, Hydroxypropyl Guar Emulsion stabilizers
– Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum, Hydroxypropyl Guar Film formers
– Hydroxypropyl Guar Hair conditioning agents
– Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Hydroxypropyl Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride Skin-conditioning agents
– miscellaneous – Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride Viscosit increasing agents
– aqueous – Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum, Hydroxypropyl Guar, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride



PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba is an evergreen Perennial growing to 2 m (6ft) by 1 m (3ft 3in) at a fast rate.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum is hardy to UK zone 10 and is frost tender.

Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum can fix Nitrogen.
Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil.

Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid, very alkaline and saline soils.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum cannot grow in the shade.
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.



FUNCTIONS OF CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
*Binding agent :
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum allows the cohesion of different cosmetic ingredients

*Emulsion stabilising :
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum promotes the emulsification process and improves the stability and shelf life of the emulsion

*Film forming :
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum produces a continuous film on skin, hair or nails

*Masking :
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum reduces or inhibits the odor or basic taste of the product

*Viscosity controlling :
Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Gum increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetics



PROPERTIES OF CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
*thickening,
*binding,
*promotes viscosity,
*foam and volume



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
CAS Number: 9000-30-0
Chem/IUPAC Name: Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Gum is a resinous material derived
from the ground endosperm of the Guar, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L., Leguminosae
EINECS/ELINCS No: 232-536-8
INCI Name: Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (Guar) Gum
Ingredient origins: Guar Bean
Role: Thickener
Common name: Guar Gum
Origin(s): Vegetal
Other languages: Goma de guar, Gomma di Guar, Gomme de Guar, Guarkernmehl
INCI name: CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA GUM
EINECS/ELINCS number: 232-536-8
Food additive: E412
Organic-compatible (COSMOS Reference)



FIRST AID MEASURES of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBUS GUM:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


Cyanuric Acid
CYCLODEXTRIN, N° CAS : 7585-39-9 / 12619-70-4 - β-Cyclodextrine, Nom INCI : CYCLODEXTRIN, Nom chimique : Cycloheptapentylose, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-493-2, Additif alimentaire : E459, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent Absorbant : Absorbe l'eau (ou l'huile) sous forme dissoute ou en fines particules, Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques
CYCLAMATE

Cyclamate is a synthetic chemical compound used as a non-nutritive sweetener.
Cyclamate is commonly known as sodium cyclamate or calcium cyclamate.

CAS Number: 139-05-9
EC Number: 205-348-9

Synonyms: Cyclamic acid, Cyclohexanesulfamic acid, Sodium cyclamate, Calcium cyclamate, Cyclamates, Sodium salt of cyclamic acid, Calcium salt of cyclamic acid, E952, Sweet'N Low, Sucaryl, Cyclamate sodium, Cyclamate calcium, Sodium N-cyclohexylsulfamate, Calcium N-cyclohexylsulfamate, Cyclohexylsulfamic acid, N-cyclohexylsulfamic acid, Cyclamate of soda, Cyclamate of calcium, Cyclamic acid sodium salt, Cyclamic acid calcium salt, C7H13NO3S, Cyclamate de sodium, Cyclamate de calcium, Cyclamate acide, Cyclamate de soude, Cyclamate de calcium, Cyclamate de sodium, Cyclamate de sodium, Cyclamate de calcium, Cyclamate d'acide, Cyclamate d'acide, Cyclamate de soude, Cyclamate de calcium, Cyclamates, Cyclamates, Cyclohexanesulfamic acid, Cyclohexanesulfamic acid, Sodium cyclamate, Sodium cyclamate, Calcium cyclamate, Calcium cyclamate, Cyclamates, Cyclamates, Sodium salt of cyclamic acid, Sodium salt of cyclamic acid, Calcium salt of cyclamic acid, Calcium salt of cyclamic acid, E952, E952, Sweet'N Low, Sweet'N Low, Sucaryl



APPLICATIONS


Cyclamate is commonly used as a sugar substitute in a variety of food and beverage products.
Cyclamate is often found in soft drinks, providing sweetness without the calories of sugar.
Cyclamate is used in powdered drink mixes to create low-calorie alternatives to sugary beverages.

Many sugar-free chewing gums contain cyclamate as a sweetening agent.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free desserts, such as gelatin and pudding mixes, to provide sweetness.

Cyclamate is used in dairy products like yogurt and flavored milk to enhance sweetness.
Cyclamate is used in tabletop sweeteners, providing a calorie-free option for sweetening coffee and tea.
Cyclamate is used in pharmaceuticals, including chewable tablets and syrups, to improve palatability.

Cyclamate is used in oral care products like toothpaste and mouthwash to provide sweetness without promoting tooth decay.
Cyclamate is used in vitamin and supplement formulations to improve taste and palatability.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free baked goods like cookies and cakes to reduce calorie content while maintaining sweetness.

Many sugar-free candies and confections contain cyclamate as a sweetening agent.
Cyclamate is used in sports and energy drinks to provide sweetness without adding extra calories.
Cyclamate is used in flavored water beverages to enhance taste without adding sugar.

Cyclamate is added to fruit-flavored syrups and toppings to provide sweetness without added sugars.
Many sugar-free syrups used in coffee shops and cafes contain cyclamate as a sweetener.

Cyclamate is used in low-calorie fruit juices and juice blends to reduce overall sugar content.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free jams and preserves to provide sweetness without added sugars.

Cyclamate is used in low-calorie salad dressings and condiments to reduce sugar content.
Many sugar-free snack bars and granola bars contain cyclamate as a sweetening agent.

Cyclamate is used in low-calorie frozen desserts like ice cream and frozen yogurt.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free baking mixes for cookies, brownies, and muffins.
Cyclamate is used in low-calorie fruit spreads and marmalades to reduce sugar content.

Cyclamate is used in low-calorie sauces and marinades to provide sweetness without adding extra calories.
Cyclamate is a versatile sweetener used in a wide variety of sugar-free and low-calorie products to provide sweetness without the added calories of traditional sugar.

Cyclamate is commonly used in the production of sugar-free and low-calorie carbonated beverages.
Cyclamate is used in flavored water enhancers to provide sweetness without adding calories.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free ice pops and frozen treats for sweetness.

Cyclamate is used in low-calorie fruit-flavored gelatin desserts and snacks.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free whipped toppings and dessert toppings for a sweet flavor.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free pudding mixes and dessert mixes for sweetness.

Cyclamate is used in low-calorie fruit-flavored syrup concentrates for beverages.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free flavor syrups for coffee and specialty drinks.

Cyclamate is added to sugar-free breakfast cereals and oatmeal packets for sweetness.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free pancake syrups and maple-flavored toppings.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free barbecue sauces and marinades for a sweet flavor.

Cyclamate is used in sugar-free salad dressings and vinaigrettes for sweetness.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free ketchup and condiments for flavor enhancement.

Cyclamate is used in sugar-free flavored vinegar for salads and marinades.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free protein powders and meal replacement shakes for sweetness.

Cyclamate is used in sugar-free cough drops and throat lozenges for flavor.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free vitamins and supplements for palatability.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free breath mints and fresheners for flavor.

Cyclamate is added to sugar-free chewing gum for sweetness.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free hard candies and mints for a sweet taste.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free dietary supplements and nutrition bars.
Cyclamate is added to sugar-free flavored gelatin for sweetness.

Cyclamate is used in sugar-free flavored toothpaste for taste enhancement.
Cyclamate is used in sugar-free dessert syrups for drizzling over cakes and pastries.
Cyclamate plays a crucial role in the formulation of sugar-free and low-calorie products, providing sweetness without the caloric content of traditional sugar, and catering to consumer demands for healthier alternatives.

Cyclamate is heat-stable, making it suitable for use in cooking and baking applications.
Cyclamate is used in a wide range of products, including soft drinks, desserts, candies, and canned fruits.
Cyclamate provides sweetness without contributing significant calories to the diet, making it popular in low-calorie and sugar-free formulations.

Cyclamate is often preferred by individuals looking to reduce their sugar intake while still enjoying sweet-tasting foods and beverages.
Despite its intense sweetness, cyclamate does not promote tooth decay and is considered tooth-friendly.
Cyclamate has a long shelf life and remains stable under a variety of storage conditions.

Cyclamate is compatible with a wide range of food ingredients and additives, allowing for versatile use in food formulations.
Cyclamate is regulated as a food additive in many countries, with established maximum levels of use in various food categories.
Cyclamate has been the subject of extensive research regarding its safety for human consumption.

Although cyclamate is permitted for use in many countries, regulatory restrictions exist in some regions due to safety concerns.
Cyclamate is metabolized by the body into cyclohexylamine, which is excreted primarily in urine.

Concerns about potential health risks, including a possible link to bladder cancer, have led to regulatory scrutiny and bans in certain jurisdictions.
Research on the safety of cyclamate consumption continues to be conducted to evaluate its potential health effects.

Cyclamate is recognized for its ability to enhance sweetness in food and beverage products while providing a low-calorie alternative to sugar.
Cyclamate is valued for its cost-effectiveness and stability, making it a popular choice for food manufacturers.

Cyclamate is an important ingredient in the formulation of sugar-free and reduced-calorie products, catering to consumer preferences for healthier options.
Cyclamate plays a significant role in the food industry as a versatile sweetening agent, offering sweetness without the calories of traditional sugar.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclamate is a synthetic chemical compound used as a non-nutritive sweetener.
Cyclamate is commonly known as sodium cyclamate or calcium cyclamate.

Chemically, cyclamate is the sodium or calcium salt of cyclamic acid.
Cyclamate is approximately 30 to 50 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar) but contributes no calories to the diet because it is not metabolized by the body.

Cyclamate was discovered in 1937 by Michael Sveda, a graduate student at the University of Illinois, and it gained popularity as a sweetening agent in the mid-20th century due to its low cost and intense sweetness.
However, its use as a food additive has been subject to controversy and regulatory restrictions in some countries due to concerns about its safety.

In the United States, cyclamate was banned as a food additive by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1969 based on studies suggesting a potential link to bladder cancer in laboratory rats.
However, subsequent research has questioned the validity of these findings, and cyclamate is permitted for use in many other countries, including Canada, the European Union, and Australia, with regulatory limits on its acceptable daily intake.

Cyclamate is often used in combination with other sweeteners, such as saccharin or aspartame, to enhance sweetness and mask any potential aftertaste.
Cyclamate is commonly found in a variety of products, including soft drinks, tabletop sweeteners, desserts, and canned fruits.
Despite its regulatory status varying from country to country, cyclamate continues to be used as a sweetening agent in many parts of the world.

Cyclamate is a synthetic sweetening agent widely used in the food and beverage industry.
Cyclamate is derived from cyclamic acid, a compound with a cyclohexanesulfamic acid structure.

Cyclamate is known for its intense sweetness, being approximately 30 to 50 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar).
The taste of cyclamate is often described as clean and sugar-like, without any noticeable aftertaste.
Cyclamate is available in various forms, including sodium cyclamate and calcium cyclamate.

Cyclamate is highly soluble in water, allowing for easy incorporation into liquid formulations.
Cyclamate is commonly used as a tabletop sweetener, often found in packets or liquid drops.
Cyclamate is frequently combined with other sweeteners to enhance sweetness and improve flavor profiles.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Cyclamate is typically a white, crystalline powder or granules.
Odor: Cyclamate is generally odorless.
Taste: Cyclamate has an intensely sweet taste, approximately 30 to 50 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar).
Solubility: Cyclamate is highly soluble in water.
Melting Point: The melting point of cyclamate varies depending on its form and purity but typically ranges from approximately 250 to 300°C (482 to 572°F).
Boiling Point: Cyclamate decomposes before reaching a boiling point.
Density: The density of cyclamate can vary, but it is generally around 1.5 to 2.0 g/cm³.
Particle Size: Cyclamate is commonly available in fine powder or granular form.
Hygroscopicity: Cyclamate may exhibit some degree of hygroscopicity, absorbing moisture from the surrounding environment.
Color: Cyclamate is typically white or off-white in color.
Crystal Structure: Cyclamate crystals may have a monoclinic or orthorhombic lattice structure.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: The chemical formula of cyclamate varies depending on its form (sodium, calcium, etc.), but it is typically represented as C6H12NNaO3S or C6H12NCaO3S.
Molecular Weight: The molecular weight of cyclamate depends on its form and purity, typically ranging from approximately 177 to 214 g/mol.
Chemical Structure: Cyclamate is derived from cyclohexylsulfamic acid and is often found in the form of its sodium or calcium salt.
pKa Values: The pKa value of cyclamate can vary, but it typically ranges from approximately 1.7 to 2.3.
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Cyclamate is generally insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone.
Stability: Cyclamate is stable under normal storage conditions but may degrade under prolonged exposure to heat, light, or acidic conditions.
Hydrolysis: Cyclamate is susceptible to hydrolysis under acidic or alkaline conditions, leading to degradation into its constituent molecules.
Optical Activity: Cyclamate is optically inactive.




FIRST AID


Inhalation Exposure:
Symptoms:
Inhalation of cyclamate powder or aerosols may cause irritation to the respiratory tract, including coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing.

Immediate Actions:
Remove the affected person to fresh air immediately, away from the source of exposure.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and assist ventilation if necessary.
Seek medical attention promptly, especially if symptoms persist or worsen.


Skin Contact:

Symptoms:
Direct contact with cyclamate powder or solutions may cause mild irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

Immediate Actions:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with mild soap and water.
Rinse skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes to ensure complete removal of the chemical.
If irritation persists or develops, seek medical attention for further evaluation and treatment.


Eye Contact:

Symptoms:
Contact with cyclamate powder or solutions may cause irritation, redness, tearing, or blurred vision.

Immediate Actions:
Flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, during rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention for further evaluation and treatment, even if symptoms appear mild.


Ingestion:

Symptoms:
Ingestion of cyclamate powder or solutions is unlikely to cause significant adverse effects.

Immediate Actions:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and encourage the affected person to drink water or milk to dilute any residual chemical.
Seek medical advice or assistance if large amounts are ingested or if symptoms of discomfort develop.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling cyclamate to minimize skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask or respirator, if working with cyclamate in powdered form and in poorly ventilated areas.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. In case of contact, follow first aid procedures outlined in the safety data sheet (SDS).

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in work areas to minimize inhalation exposure to cyclamate dust or aerosols.
Use local exhaust ventilation systems or fume hoods when handling powdered cyclamate to control airborne dust levels.
Avoid generating aerosols or dust clouds by using handling and transfer methods that minimize the release of particles into the air.

Handling Precautions:
Handle cyclamate with care to prevent spills or releases. Use suitable tools and equipment, such as scoops or spatulas, to transfer the material.
Avoid generating static electricity, which can cause dust accumulation and increase the risk of ignition. Ground equipment and containers as necessary.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling cyclamate, and wash hands thoroughly after handling to prevent inadvertent ingestion.

Storage:
Store cyclamate products in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of heat, ignition, and direct sunlight.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.
Store cyclamate away from incompatible substances, such as strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reactive metals, to prevent chemical reactions.
Ensure storage facilities are equipped with spill containment measures, such as spill trays or bunds, to contain spills and prevent environmental contamination.


Storage:

Temperature and Humidity:
Maintain storage temperatures within recommended ranges to prevent degradation or alteration of cyclamate properties.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures or humidity, which may affect the stability and quality of the material.

Container Handling:
Use containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass, for storing cyclamate.
Check containers for signs of damage or leaks before storing and handle with care to prevent spills or accidents.
Label all containers with the chemical name, concentration, hazard warnings, and handling precautions to ensure proper identification and handling.

Segregation:
Store cyclamate away from food, feed, and beverages to prevent accidental contamination.
Segregate cyclamate from incompatible substances to prevent cross-contamination and chemical reactions.

Inventory Management:
Implement a first-in, first-out (FIFO) inventory system to ensure older stocks are used before newer ones.
Keep accurate records of inventory levels, including dates of receipt and usage, to prevent overstocking or shortages.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas containing cyclamate to authorized personnel only.
Implement security measures, such as locked cabinets or access controls, to prevent unauthorized access or theft.

Emergency Preparedness:
Develop and maintain emergency response plans for handling spills, leaks, or accidents involving cyclamate.
Ensure personnel are trained on emergency procedures and have access to emergency response equipment, such as spill kits and personal protective gear.
CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES)
CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES) = CYCLIC METHYLSILOXANES D4, D5, D6


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes): Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6)
CAS NUMBER(S): 556-67-2, 541-02-6, 540-97-6
EC NUMBER(S): 209-136-7, 208-764-9, 208-762-8


The term “silicone” may also be used to refer to Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes).
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are the usual products of hydrolysis of difunctional silanes.
The relative proportions of the oligomers formed depend upon the substituents and conditions employed.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) polymerise on heating, particularly in the presence of a catalyst, but this process can be reversed at higher temperature if no cross-linking has occurred.


In the Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes), the silicon-oxygen atoms are singly bonded and form a ring.
Some widely used cyclosiloxanes are: hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6).
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) occur in environmental media, especially in sewage sludge.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are Basic members of the broad family of silicone materials, all cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclopentasiloxane (D5), cyclohexasiloxane (D6) are volatile oils with a cyclic chemical structure and various properties.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) belong to the family of silicone materials.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are formed by repeating units of silicone (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, which gives them a cyclic structure.


The three main Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) used in the manufacture of materials are cyclosiloxanes D4,D5,D6.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) includes several categories of substances: hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3); octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4); decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5); dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6); dodecamethylcycloheptasiloxane (D7).
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) D4 and D7 have been classified as endocrine disruptors by the European Union.


Concerning Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) d3, d5 and d6, the regulatory authorities consider them safe for consumers.
The monitoring of the scientific advances relating to the use of Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) and their impact on human and environmental health is an important issue for the cosmetics industry.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can be analysed by gas chromatography (GC-MS), due to their volatile properties.


As an organic compound, Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is also possible to determine their structure by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) are cyclic volatile methyl siloxane (cVMS) substances with four, five and six siloxane groups, respectively.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are manufactured and used in a variety of sectors in the European Economic Area.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are mainly used as monomers for the production of silicone polymers but are also used as substance on their own or in the formulation of various mixtures that are subsequently used by consumers and professionals.
The silicone polymers are not specifically targeted by this restriction proposal but they may be inadvertently impacted if they are also found in the same mixtures as the intentionally used substances, or if they are the main component(s) of mixtures covered by the scope of the restriction.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) may be impurities in silicone polymers.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are chemicals with a backbone structure of silicon and oxygen atoms, alternating in occurrence, and have hydrocarbon groups atiached to the silicon side chain.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) contain single siliconoxygen bonds which from the ring.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are named a er the number of silicon-oxygen “groups” they consist of; hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane is called D3, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane is called D4, etc.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are basic members of the broad family of silicone materials.
All silicone materials share a common chemistry but each substance is different when it comes to its properties and use.


A common denominator for Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is that they contain repeating units of silicone (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a “cyclic” structure.
This also gives Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) their unique properties as hybrid inorganic-organic substances.
D4, D5 and D6 contain 4, 5 and 6 repeating units respectively.


They are three main Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) in commercial production and several decades of research has proven that they are safe for human health and the environment.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are basic members of the broad family of silicone materials.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are widely used because of the smooth and refreshing feeling they create.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used as precursors in the production of polymers (polydimethylsiloxane).
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) contain some residual monomers and are used in industrial and consumer applications, in topical pharmaceutical formulations and in breast implants.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in the manufacture of silicones, in combination or alone in personal care products, and as carriers, lubricants and solvents in a variety of commercial applications.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are widely used in various dermatological products and cosmetics, both for children and adults.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products and semiconductors.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in the following areas: health services and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is found or used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a silicone-based emollient.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used as fragrance carriers or solvents in household products, personal care products, cleaning agents and as precursors in the manufacture of silicone polymers.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is Used in dermal exposure
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used as a monomer in the production of silicone polymers and as an intermediate in the production of other organosilicon substances.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) finds its application in electronics, textiles, personal care products and household care products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a cyclic organic silicon substance which can be used as monomer in the production of silicone polymers such as rubber, resins and greases.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can be used in the manufacture of silicone based polymers for use in medical devices and personal care products.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used to prepare silicone oil, silicone rubber and silicone resin having different degrees of polymerization through ring opening and polymerizing.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is also widely used in various fields viz. construction, electronics, textile, automobile, personal care, food, and machining.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is an organometallic reagent utilized for the preparation of siloxane polymers having high surface-hydrophobicity restoration.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is an odourless, colourless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production of silicone rubbers, gels and resins.


When used as an intermediate during the manufacturing process, virtually all Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is consumed with only a tiny amount remaining in final products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) widely used in cosmetics and body care products, Such as skin care, sunscreen,makeup, hair conditioning products, good compatibility with most of the alcohol and other cosmetic solvents.


Be directly used as the carrier, the main raw material, also can be used as an additive; and be used in aqueous systems by the method of Emulsification.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can also have a minor use as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is an odorless, colorless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production of silicone rubbers, gels and resins.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can be added as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can also be used as a dry-cleaning solvent in closed systems, which significantly limits exposure to workers, consumers and the environment.
In dry cleaning, Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) acts as a solvent and is an alternative to perchlorethylene.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is an industrial product used in many applications, primarly in cosmetic products and polymers.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a cyclic organic silicon substance which can be used as monomer in the production of silicone polymers such as rubber, resins and greases.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used as a monomer in the production of silicone polymers and as an intermediate in the production of other organosilicon substances.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) inds its application in electronics, textiles, personal care products and household care products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is widely used in cosmetics.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used to make methyl silicon oils, silicone fluids, and elastomers
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in a variety of consumer products, e.g., skin care products, antiperspirants, antacids, and antiflatulence agents


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading and lubrication properties and unique volatility characteristics.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can be used in bath oils, deodorants, skin creams, lotions, suntan and shaving products, nail polishes.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a basic raw material of silicone oil (modified silicone oil),silicone emulsion,silicone rubber ,silicone resin and other silicone products, and can also be directly used as rubber filler treatment agents or raw material for cosmetics.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used by consumers in cosmetics and personal care products, washing and cleaning products, polishes and waxes.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can be added as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and sunscreen.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can also be used as a dry-cleaning solvent in closed systems, which significantly limits exposure to workers, consumers and the environment.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in dry cleaning and in industrial cleaning as an alternative to tetrachloroethylene.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a cyclic siloxane used in the formulation of consumer products as well as an industrial intermediate.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is a precursor in the production of siloxane polymers for industry and medicine and is a carrier ingredient in many toiletries and cosmetics.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is found or used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products.


The predominant use of Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is in blending and formulating consumer products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is also used in manufacturing silicone polymers.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in personal care products such as hair/skin care products, antiperspirants and deodorants.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in biomedical applications and have also been approved as active and non-active ingredients in pharmaceuticals in Canada.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in industrial processes (for example, as surfactants in certain pesticide products and as defoamers), in lubricants, cleaning products, sealants, adhesives, waxes, polishes and coatings.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is commonly used as volatile excipient in cosmetic products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is widely used in cosmetic products due to D5 siloxane's unique functions as antistatic, emollient, humectant, solvent, viscosity controlling and hair conditioning agent.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is largely used in many cosmetic products due to: low surface tension which allows it to spread rapidly on skin and hair.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can have many different functions in cosmetic products including antistatic, emollient, humectant, solvent, viscosity controlling and hair conditioning.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in cosmetic and personal care products.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is used in personal care products such as hair/skin care products, antiperspirants and deodorants.
Biomedical uses of Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) include medical devices, blood-handling equipment, as a blood defoaming agent, as protective barriers, lubricants and as surface treatment of wound dressings.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) fluids containing D6 Siloxane have also been approved as active and non-active ingredients in pharmaceuticals in Canada, the most common use being in anti-flatulence drugs.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is also used in industrial processes (as a defoamer, surfactant in certain pesticide products); in lubricants, cleaning products, sealants, adhesives, waxes, polishes and coatings.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are manmade and have many commercial and industrial applications because of the compounds’ hydrophobicity, low thermal conductivity, and high flexibility.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is an odorless, colorless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production silicone rubbers, gels and resins.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can also be used as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants.
In personal care products, Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) act as “carriers”, allowing products to spread smoothly and easily and providing a silky feel during application.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is an odorless, colorless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production silicone rubbers, gels and resins.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can also be used as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants.


Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in the manufacturing of silicones, in combination or alone in personal care products, and as carriers, lubricants and solvents in a variety of commercial applications.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are of interest due to their extensive use and the fact that certain siloxanes are persistent in the environment, resisting oxidation, reduction, and photodegradation.


Recently, the use of Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) in cosmetics and personal care products has received increased atiention.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) was the main ingredient in personal care products giving benefits like silkiness in conditioners, a non-greasy feel from skin creams, and ease of application of deodorants.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.



OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE = OCTAMETHYLTETRASILOXANE = D4
Molecular formula: (CH3)8Si4O4 / C8H24O4Si4
The octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane silicone liquid has no odor and consists of four repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop giving it a circular structure. Each silicon atom has two methyl groups attached (CH3).
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), contains four repeating units of silicone (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed (cyclic) loop.
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, more commonly known as D4, contains four repeating units of silicone (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a "cyclic" structure.



D5 SILOXANE = DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
Chemical formula: [(CH3)2SiO]5
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane silicone liquid has no odor and consists of five repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop giving it a circular structure.
Each silicon atom has two methyl groups attached (CH3).
Typically it is used as an ingredient in antiperspirant, skin cream, sun protection lotion and make-up.

With a low surface tension of 18 mN/m this material has good spreading properties.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
It is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
The compound is classified as a cyclomethicone. Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

It is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
It is also used as part of silicone based personal lubricants.
D5 is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, more commonly known as D5, contains five repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a "cyclic" structure.



D6 SILOXANE = DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE = D6 = CYCLOMETHICONE 6
Molecular Formula: C12H36O6Si6
The dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane silicone liquid has no odor and consists of six repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop giving it a circular structure.
Each silicon atom has two methyl groups attached (CH3).
Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, more commonly known as D6, contains six repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a "cyclic" structure.

D6 can also be used as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants, where it may be labelled "cyclomethicone" or "cyclohexasiloxane".
In personal care products, cyclosiloxanes act as “carriers”, allowing products to spread smoothly and easily and providing a silky feel during application.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
Property: D4 D5 D6
Melting Point, °C: 17.7 -38 -3
Boiling Point, °C: 175 211 245
Density, g/cm3 at 25°C: 0.95 0.954 0.963
Vapour Pressure, Pa at 25°C: 132 33.2 4.6
Water Solubility, mg/L at 23°C: 0.056 0.017 0.053
Henry’s Law Constant, Pa m3/mol at 25°C:1,214,000 3,342,000 14,667
Heat of Evaporation, kJ/mol: 44 51.4 --



FIRST AID MEASURES of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
Use water spray to cool unopened containers.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use safety glasses with side-shields.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains



HANDLING and STORAGE of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.



SYNONYMS:
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
CD3770
cyclicdimethylsiloxanepentamer
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
D3770
Decamethylcylopentasiloxane
Decaαthyl-pentasil-pentoxan
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE
Cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyl-
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8-Octamethyl-1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-tetraoxatetrasilocane
Cyclopentasiloxane
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
D5 Silicone
D5 Siloxane
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
Cyclomethicone 5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
CYCLOMETHICONE
UNII-0THT5PCI0R
0THT5PCI0R
Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Dow corning 345 fluid
Dow corning 345
DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE
Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl-
Cyclomethicone 6
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-dodecamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaoxa-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexasilacyclododecane
UNII-XHK3U310BA
XHK3U310BA
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane
HSDB 7723
dodecamethyl cyclohexasiloxane
SCHEMBL93785
DTXSID6027183
IUMSDRXLFWAGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-
CHEBI:191103
AKOS015839990
ZINC169794506
FS-5671
DB-008587
D2040
NUC silicone VS 7158
Silicon SF 1202
Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Union carbide 7158 silicone fluid
Oktamethylcyklotetrasiloxan
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane tetramer
NUC silicone VS 7207
Oktamethylzyklotetrasiloxan
octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane
UNII-CZ227117JE
octamethyl-cyclotetrasiloxane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8-octamethyl-1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-tetroxatetrasilocane
CHEBI:25640
CZ227117JE
OMCTS
DSSTox_CID_7205
DSSTox_RID_78349
DSSTox_GSID_27205
Union carbide 7207
Silicone SF 1173
C8H24O4Si4
CYCLIC SILOXANES (CYCLOSILOXANES)
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are basic members of the broad family of silicone materials and are used as building blocks for the production of a diverse array of silicone polymers.
A common denominator for Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is that they contain repeating units of silicone (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a “cyclic” structure.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) also gives them their unique properties as hybrid inorganic-organic substances.

CAS: 68037-73-0

D4, D5, D6 contain 4, 5 and 6 repeating units respectively.
They are the three main Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) in commercial production and several decades of research have proven that they are safe for human health and the environment.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are a class of silicone material.
They are volatile and often used as a solvent.
The three main commercial varies are octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6).
They evaporate and degrade in air under sunlight.

Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 180 °C0.5 mm Hg
Density: 1.07 g/mL at 25 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.52
Fp: >230 °F
EPA Substance Registry System: Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) (68037-71-8)

Uses
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is the most important intermediate for silicone materials.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is composed of repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms, which are individually combined to form a ring.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) is produced by acid hydrolysis of silanes (e.g. dimethyldichlorosilane, diphenydichlorosilane) and purification by distillation.

D3, D4, D5 and D6 are usually used as monomers in the production of different ranges of silicone materials and play an important role in a wide range of applications.

D5 and D6 are a non-alcoholic, colorless and odorless transparent silicone liquid, used as a carrying and wetting agent for personal care products.
Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) can be used as a body spray or as a substitute for petroleum-based solvents.

D5 and D6 are the main cyclomethicones in cosmetics and silicone personal care products because of their excellent skin and hair care properties.
The Cyclic siloxanes (cyclosiloxanes) are used in cosmetics that require the siloxane carrier liquid to eventually evaporate completely.
In this way, they are useful for products that need to be applied to the skin, such as deodorants and antiperspirants, but do not remain to the skin.
They also can be found in sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, moisturizers, lotions, etc.

D4H, ViD4, PhD4 and D3F are used for the production of reactive silioxane polymers and improve the performance (e.g. phenyl side groups provide oxidative stability; trifluoropropyl side groups provide high resistance to solvents).

Synonyms
Cyclosiloxanes,di-Me,polymerswithdi-MesiloxanesandMePhcyclosiloxanes
DiMethylCyclosiloxaneswithDimethylSiloxanesandMethylphenylCyclosiloxanespolymers
DOW CORNING 702 SILICONE DIFFUSION PUMP FLUID
CYCLOSILOXANES
SILASTIC 9161 RTV KIT
SILASTIC E RTV KIT
SILASTIC J RTV KIT
SILASTIC 145 RTV ENCAPSULANT
CYCLODEXTRIN
CYCLOHEPTASILOXANE, N° CAS : 107-50-6, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : CYCLOHEPTASILOXANE,Nom chimique : Tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-496-9, Classification : Silicone, Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état, Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
CYCLOHEPTASILOXANE
CYCLOHEXADECANOL N° CAS : 2565-90-4 Nom INCI : CYCLOHEXADECANOL Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
CYCLOHEXADECANOL
Benzenehexahydride; Cyclohexane; Hexahydro-Benzene; Ciclohexano; Cyclohexane; Hexamethylene; Hexanaphthene; Cicloesano; Cykloheksan CAS NO:110-82-7
CYCLOHEXANE
Hexahydrobenzene; Hexamethylene; Naphthene; Benzenehexahydride; Cyclohexane; Hexahydro-Benzene; Ciclohexano; Cyclohexane; Hexamethylene; Hexanaphthene; Cicloesano; Cykloheksan CAS NO:110-82-7
CYCLOHEXANE

Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. Cyclohexane is non-polar. Cyclohexane is a colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used). Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon.
Cyclohexyl (C6H11) is the alkyl substituent of cyclohexane and is abbreviated Cy.
Cyclohexane appears as a clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Used to make nylon, as a solvent, paint remover, and to make other chemicals. Flash point -4°F. Density 6.5 lb / gal (less than water) and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.


CAS NO: 110-82-7
EC Number:203-806-2

IUPAC Names: 
cyclehexane
cyclohaxane
Cyclohexan
Cyclohexan
CYCLOHEXANE
Cyclohexane
Hexahydrobenzene
Hexamethylene
Naphthene


SYNONYMS
CYCLOHEXANE;110-82-7;Hexamethylene;Hexahydrobenzene;Hexanaphthene;Cyclohexan;Cykloheksan;Cicloesano;Cyclohexaan;Benzene, hexahydro-;Benzenehexahydride;Polycyclohexane;hexahydro-Benzene;Poly(cyclohexane);RCRA waste number U056;cyclo-hexane;UNII-48K5MKG32S;MFCD00003814;NSC 406835;Cyclohexane, oxidized, non-volatile residue;48K5MKG32S;CHEBI:29005;NSC-406835;Cyclohexane, ACS reagent;Cyclohexane, HPLC Grade;Cyclohexane, 99+%, pure;Cyclohexaan [Dutch];Cyclohexan [German];Cicloesano [Italian];Cykloheksan [Polish];Caswell No. 269;Ciclohexano;Cyclohexane, 99.5%, extra pure;Cyclohexane, 99.8%, for HPLC;Cyclohexane, 99.5%, for analysis;Cyclohexane, ACS reagent, >=99%;Cyclohexane, 99+%, for spectroscopy;Cyclohexane, for HPLC, >=99.7%;HSDB 60;Cyclohexane, 99+%, for spectroscopy ACS;Cyclohexane, for pesticide residue analysis;CCRIS 3928;Cyclohexane, 99.5%, Extra Dry, AcroSeal(R);EINECS 203-806-2;UN1145;RCRA waste no. U056;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 025901;cylcohexane;cylohexane;Cyclohexane, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5% (GC);Zyklohexan;AI3-08222;Cyclohexane, 99.5%, Extra Dry over Molecular Sieve, AcroSeal(R);EINECS 270-147-5;Cyclohexane HPLC grade;Cyclohexane, for HPLC;Cyclohexane, homopolymer;Cyclohexane, ACS Grade;ACMC-1BUC3;DSSTox_CID_1923;bmse000545;WLN: L6TJ;EC 203-806-2;EC 270-147-5;DSSTox_RID_76404;DSSTox_GSID_21923;ghl.PD_Mitscher_leg0.242;68411-76-7,Cyclohexane, LR, >=99%;CHEMBL15980;Cyclohexane, JIS special grade;Cyclohexane, analytical standard;Cyclohexane, p.a., 99.0%;Cyclohexane, Environmental Grade;DTXSID4021923;Cyclohexane, anhydrous, 99.5%;Cyclohexane, AR, >=99.5%;Cyclohexane, reaction product with oxygen, nonvolatile residue;BCP08072;ZINC1532203;Tox21_201087;ANW-56408;Cyclohexane GC, for residue analysis;NSC406835;STL283116;Cyclohexane, >=99.5%, PRA grade;Cyclohexane, for HPLC, >=99.9%;AKOS000119975;Cyclohexane, HPLC grade, >=99.9%;ZINC100503963;MCULE-3136361765;UN 1145;Cyclohexane 2000 microg/mL in Methanol;NCGC00248918-01;NCGC00258639-01;25012-93-5;CAS-110-82-7;Cyclohexane, puriss., >=99.5% (GC);Cyclohexane, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%;Cyclohexane, Laboratory Reagent, >=99.8%;Cyclohexane, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%;Cyclohexane [UN1145] [Flammable liquid];Cyclohexane, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.5%;FT-0624180;FT-0624182;Cyclohexane, ACS spectrophotometric grade, >=99%;Q211433;Cyclohexane, HPLC UV/IR isocratic grade, min. 99.9%;Cyclohexane, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material


Production
Modern production
On an industrial scale, cyclohexane is produced by hydrogenation of benzene in the presence of a Raney nickel catalyst. Producers of cyclohexane account for approximately 11.4% of the global demand for benzene. The reaction is highly exothermic, with ΔH(500 K) = -216.37 kJ/mol). Dehydrogenation commenced noticeably above 300°C, reflecting the favorable entropy for dehydrogenation.

Historical methods
Unlike benzene, cyclohexane is not found in natural resources such as coal. For this reason, early investigators synthesized their cyclohexane samples.

Reactions and uses
Although rather unreactive, cyclohexane undergoes catalytic oxidation to produce cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol. The cyclohexanone–cyclohexanol mixture, called "KA oil", is a raw material for adipic acid and caprolactam, precursors to nylon. Several million kilograms of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol are produced annually.

Laboratory solvent and other niche uses
It is used as a solvent in some brands of correction fluid. Cyclohexane is sometimes used as a non-polar organic solvent, although n-hexane is more widely used for this purpose. It is frequently used as a recrystallization solvent, as many organic compounds exhibit good solubility in hot cyclohexane and poor solubility at low temperatures.

Cyclohexane is also used for calibration of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) instruments, because of a convenient crystal-crystal transition at −87.1 °C.

Cyclohexane vapor is used in vacuum carburizing furnaces, in heat treating equipment manufacture.

Conformation
Main article: Cyclohexane conformation
The 6-vertex edge ring does not conform to the shape of a perfect hexagon. The conformation of a flat 2D planar hexagon has considerable angle strain because its bonds are not 109.5 degrees; the torsional strain would also be considered because all of the bonds would be eclipsed bonds. Therefore, to reduce torsional strain, cyclohexane adopts a three-dimensional structure known as the chair conformation, which rapidly interconvert at room temperature via a process known as a chair flip. During the chair flip, there are three other intermediate conformations that are encountered: the half-chair, which is the most unstable conformation, the more stable boat conformation, and the twist-boat, which is more stable than the boat but still much less stable than the chair. The chair and twist-boat are energy minima and are therefore conformers, while the half-chair and the boat are transition states and represent energy maxima. The idea that the chair conformation is the most stable structure for cyclohexane was first proposed as early as 1890 by Hermann Sachse, but only gained widespread acceptance much later. The new conformation puts the carbons at an angle of 109.5°. Half of the hydrogens are in the plane of the ring (equatorial) while the other half are perpendicular to the plane (axial). This conformation allows for the most stable structure of cyclohexane. Another conformation of cyclohexane exists, known as boat conformation, but it interconverts to the slightly more stable chair formation. If cyclohexane is mono-substituted with a large substituent, then the substituent will most likely be found attached in an equatorial position, as this is the slightly more stable conformation.

Cyclohexane has the lowest angle and torsional strain of all the cycloalkanes; as a result, cyclohexane has been deemed a 0 in total ring strain.

IDENTIFICATION
Cyclohexane is a colorless liquid. It has a pungent, petroleum-like odor. It is slightly soluble in water. 

A gas chromatographic system was used to quantitate more than 300 gas-phase cmpd, as hydrocarbons, from roadside ambient air samples. Samples were simultaneously collected in Tedlar bags and on Tenax cartridges. Hydrocarbons from Tedlar bag collected samples were quantitated on a gas chromatograph arranged in a dual column configuration and equipped with a flame ionization detector. The C2 and C3 hydrocarbons were separated on a 5 m long stainless steel column packed with silica gel. C4 to C13 hydrocarbons were separated on a 125 m long glass capillary column containing 7.5% hydrophobic silica. A stainless steel subambient hydrocarbon trap filled with untreated glass wool permitted the concn of at least 4 L of sample at 70% relative humidity. A temperature controller cooled the trap for hydrocarbon concn and thermally described the hydrocarbons for gas chromatographic analysis. This trap extends the detection limits for most hydrocarbons to 15.0 ppt carbon. Hydrocarbons collected on Tenax cartridges were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in order to provide qualitative identification for the peaks obtained from the GC analysis.

USE
Over 98% of the cyclohexane produced is used to make nylon intermediates. It is used as a solvent for lacquers, resins and synthetic rubber. It can also be used as paint and varnish remover. It is present in all crude oils. It can be released in volcanic emissions, tobacco smoke and plant volatiles. 
Over 98% of the cyclohexane produced is used to make nylon intermediates: adipic acid (60%), caprolactam, and hexamethylenediamine 75% of the caprolactam produced worldwide is used for nylon 6 manufacture. Minor miscellaneous uses, such as solvents and polymer reaction diluents, consume the remainder of the cyclohexane produced.
Organic solvent for lacquers and resins. Paint and varnish remover. In the extraction of essential oils. In analytical chemistry for molecular weight determinations (cryoscopic constant 20.3). In the manufacturing of adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexyl chloride, nitrocyclohexane, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. In the manufacturing of solid fuel for camp stoves. In fungicidal formulations (possesses slight fungicidal action), In the industrial recrystallization of steroids.

EXPOSURE
People that work in industries where products containing cyclohexane are used will have the highest exposure. Nylon industry workers are the most likely to be exposed. Other industries could include shoe and leather factories, printing plants, and furniture and mechanical industries. The general population may be exposed to cyclohexane from tobacco smoke, gasoline fumes or smog. Cyclohexane can be found at low levels in surface, ground and drinking waters. It can also be found in air. It breaks down in air by reaction with other chemicals. It is expected to rapidly evaporate from soil and water surfaces. Cyclohexane that remains in soil or water may be slowly broken down by microorganisms. It is expected to build up in aquatic organisms. 

INDUSTRY USE
-Adhesives and sealant chemicals
-Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
-Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
-Fuels and fuel additives
-Functional fluids (closed systems)
-Intermediates
-Laboratory chemicals
-Lubricants and lubricant additives
-Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
-Polymer manufacturing
-Processing aids, not otherwise listed
-Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)

CONSUMER USE
-Adhesives and sealants
-Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
-Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
-Fuels and related products
-Ink, toner, and colorant products
-Lubricants and greases
-Paints and coatings
-Petrochemicals
-college and university laboratory research, other chemical preparation, laboratory use
-Pharmaceutical prep and laboratory use.
Methods of Manufacturing
Benzene can be hydrogenated catalytically to cyclohexane in either the liquid or the vapour phase in the presence of hydrogen. Several cyclohexane processes, which use nickel, platinum, or palladium as the catalyst, have been developed. Usually, the catalyst is supported, e.g., on alumina, but at least one commercial process utilizes Raney nickel.
Occurs in petroleum (0.5-1.0%). Obtained in the distillation of petroleum ... In the distillation of petroleum, the C4-400 °F boiling range naphthas are fractionated to obtain C5-200 °F naphtha containing 10-14% cyclohexane which on superfractionation yields an 85% concentrate (which is sold as such); further purification /of 85% concentrate cyclohexane/ necessitates isomerization of pentanes to cyclohexane, heat cracking for removing open-chain hydrocarbons and sulfuric acid treatment to remove aromatic compounds.

Industry Processing Sectors
-Adhesive manufacturing
-All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
-All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
-Asphalt paving, roofing, and coating materials manufacturing
-Computer and electronic product manufacturing
-Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
-Miscellaneous manufacturing
-Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
-Paint and coating manufacturing
-Petrochemical manufacturing
-Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing
-Petroleum refineries
-Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
-Plastic material and resin manufacturing
-Printing ink manufacturing
-Rubber product manufacturing
-Services
-Spent liquid for Polymer manufacturing
-Transportation equipment manufacturing
-University or college research
-Wholesale and retail trade

How is it produced?
Industrial cyclohexane can be produced by two methods. The first is the catalytic hydrogenation of benzene using rhodium on carbon, and the second method is via fractional distillation of petroleum.

How is it stored and distributed?
Cyclohexane has a specific gravity of 0.78 and a flashpoint of -20° C and is highly flammable. It should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area which is free from the risk of ignition. For transportation purposes, it is classified as hazard class 3 and packing group II and is should be labelled as an irritant.

What Cyclohexane used for?
Cyclohexane is used predominately in the nylon industry where approximately 90% of it is consumed in the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are themselves used to generate nylon6 and nylon6.6. The remaining 10% is used both as a solvent for paints, resins, varnish and oil, and as a plasticiser. Cyclohexane can also be used as an intermediate in the manufacture of other industrial chemicals such as cyclohexanone and nitrocyclohexanone.

Cyclohexane is generally used as an intermediate chemical. Specifically, 54% of what is produced is used in the production of adipic acid for nylon-6/6, 39% for caprolactam for nylon-6, and 7% for products including solvents, insecticides and plasticizers. The demand for nylon (and hence cyclohexane) in engineering thermoplastics in resins and films is growing at about 6% annually. Engineering thermoplastics are noted for their outstanding properties of high tensile strength, excellent abrasion, and chemical resistance and heat resistance. 

All cyclohexane is produced in benzene hydrogenation units. In the process, high-purity benzene feed and purified hydrogen (typically recovered from reformers and ethylene crackers) are brought to reaction temperatures and charged to the reactor. The conversion of benzene to cyclohexane is stoichiometric and almost complete; finished cyclohexane typically contains less than 50 ppm of benzene. A small amount of lower purity cyclohexane is recovered from petroleum streams by fractionation and extraction.

Over 90% of the cyclohexane production is used to produce intermediates for nylon 6 and nylon 6,6. Nylon 6 is made by polymerizing caprolactam which is derived from the nitration of cyclohexane. Nylon 6,6 is made by polymerizing equal molar quantities of adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine (HMDA). Adipic acid is made by a two-step air and nitric acid oxidation of cyclohexane. The adipic acid is converted to HMDA by the reduction of adiponitrile (an intermediate). Adipic acid produced from cyclohexane is also used to manufacture esters for plasticizers and synthetic lubricants, as well as produce polyurethanes (synthetic leather).

Most cyclohexane goes into the production of intermediates for nylon, which has a variety of common applications such as clothing, tents and carpets as well as thermoplastics. Cyclohexane is also used as a solvent in chemical and industrial processes and recently has been substituted for benzene in many applications. Chevron Phillips Chemical also offers other solvents through our Specialty Chemicals Division.

Cyclohexane derivatives

The specific arrangement of functional groups in cyclohexane derivatives, and indeed in most cycloalkane molecules, is extremely important in chemical reactions, especially reactions involving nucleophiles. Substituents on the ring must be in the axial formation to react with other molecules. For example, the reaction of bromocyclohexane and a common nucleophile, a hydroxide anion , would result in cyclohexene.

This reaction, commonly known as an elimination reaction or dehalogenation (specifically E2), requires that the bromine substituent be in the axial formation, opposing another axial H atom to react. Assuming that the bromocyclohexane was in the appropriate formation to react, the E2 reaction would commence as such:

1-The electron pair bond between the C-Br moves to the Br, forming Br− and setting it free from cyclohexane 
2-The nucleophile (-OH) gives an electron pair to the adjacent axial H, setting H free and bonding to it to create H2O 
3-The electron pair bond between the adjacent axial H moves to the bond between the two C-C making it C=C 
Note:All three steps happen simultaneously, characteristic of all E2 reactions.

The reaction above will generate mostly E2 reactions and as a result the product will be mostly (~70%) cyclohexene. However, the percentage varies with conditions, and generally, two different reactions (E2 and Sn2) compete. In the above reaction, an Sn2 reaction would substitute the bromine for a hydroxyl (OH-) group instead, but once again, the Br must be in axial to react. Once the SN2 substitution is complete, the newly substituted OH group would flip back to the more stable equatorial position quickly (~1 millisecond).

Cyclohexane is a volatile solvent used as a harmless substitute for dangerous organic solvents in several products, such as paint thinners, gasoline and adhesives.

Nearly all cyclohexane is used to make cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, which, in turn, are used mainly as precursors for the production of adipic acid and caprolactam, respectively. Other uses for cyclohexane include various solvent applications and the production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone for nonprecursor use. As a result of cyclohexane’s intrinsic link to the polyamide chain and its use in automobiles, construction, and textiles, global cyclohexane demand remains strongly influenced by macroeconomic conditions. Cyclohexane is consumed largely for nylon 6 fibres, resins, and films.

Cyclohexane is produced commercially by the hydrogenation of benzene and by the fractionation and purification of hydrocarbon streams. There are both liquid- and vapour-phase process technologies for cyclohexane production. Hydrogenation of benzene is the predominant method, accounting for 100% of world cyclohexane capacity. Since highpurity cyclohexane is required for caprolactam and most adipic acid production, the higher-purity benzene-derived material is far more important commercially. Purity is a function of benzene and hydrogen feed and can be as high as 99.99% with some commercial processes.

It is mainly used in the manufacture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. It is widely used as a solvent in the paint industry. It is also used as a solvent in organic synthesis; extraction solvent; pigment diluent. Most cyclohexane is used to make adipic acid, caprolactam and hexamethylene diamine (98% of total consumption), a small part is used to make cyclohexylamine and other aspects, such as fibre ethers, fats, wax, asphalt, resin and rubber solvent; organic and recrystallization media; paint and varnish remover, etc. It can be used as a raw material for nylon 6 and nylon 66. It can also be used as a polymerization diluent, paint remover, detergent, adipic acid extractant and binder.

Uses
Solvent for lacquers and resins. Paint and varnish remover. In the extraction of essential oils. In analytical chemistry for mol wt determinations (cryoscopic constant 20.3). In the manufacture of adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexyl chloride, nitrocyclohexane, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. In the manufacture of solid fuel for camp stoves. In fungicidal formulations (possesses slight fungicidal action). In the industrial recrystallization of steroids.
Colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odour. A detection odor threshold concentration of 2,700 mg/m3 (784 ppmv) was experimentally determined by Dravnieks (1974). An odor threshold concentration of 2.7 ppbv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Cyclohexane is a petroleum product obtained by distilling C4- 400°F boiling range naphtha, followed by fractionation and superfractionation; also formed by catalytic hydrogenation of benzene. It is used extensively as a solvent for lacquers and resins, as a paint and varnish remover, and in the manufacture of adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone.
Commercially most of cyclohexane produced is converted into cyclohexanone-cyclohexanol mixture (or "KA oil") by catalytic oxidation. KA oil is then used as a raw material for adipic acid and caprolactam. Practically, if the cyclohexanol content of KA oil is higher than cyclohexanone, it is more likely(economical) to be converted into adipic acid, and the reverse case, caprolactam production is more likely. Such ratio in KA oil can be controlled by selecting suitable oxidation catalyts. Some of cyclohexane is used as an organic solvent.
Cyclohexane often is used by the industrial industry. For example, almost 90% of cyclohexane is used in making nylon fiber and nylon molding resin and the rest of it is used in solvents for paint, resins, and plasticizers. Also cyclohexane is used as an organic solvent. Cyclohexane is a component of petroleum.

To produce commercially, cyclohexane has to convert into cyclohexanone-cyclohexanol mixture. It can be used for calibration of differential scanning calorimetry instruments and surface combustion. (heat treating equipment)

Reactivity Profile
Liquid nitrogen dioxide was fed into a nitration column containing hot Cyclohexane, due to an error. 

Purification Methods
It is best to purify it by washing with conc H2SO4 until the washings are colourless, followed by water, aqueous Na2CO3 or 5% NaOH, and again water until neutral. It is then dried with P2O5, Linde type 4A molecular sieves, CaCl2, or MgSO4 then Na and distilled. Cyclohexane has been refluxed with and distilled from Na, CaH2, LiAlH4 (which also removes peroxides), sodium/potassium alloy, or P2O5. Traces of *benzene can be removed by passage through a column of silica gel that has been freshly heated: this gives material suitable for ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy. If there is much *benzene in the cyclohexane, most of it can be removed by a preliminary treatment with nitrating acid (a cold mixture of 30mL conc HNO3 and 70mL of conc H2SO4) which converts *benzene into nitrobenzene. The impure cyclohexane and the nitrating acid are placed in an ice bath and stirred vigorously for 15minutes, after which the mixture is allowed to warm to 25o during 1hour. The cyclohexane is decanted, washed several times with 25% NaOH, then water, dried with CaCl2, and distilled from sodium. Carbonyl-containing impurities can be removed as described for chloroform. Other purification procedures include passage through columns of activated alumina and repeated crystallisation by partial freezing. Small quantities may be purified by chromatography on a Dowex 710-Chromosorb W gas-liquid chromatographic column. Flammable liquid. [Sabatier Ind Eng Chem 18 1005 1926, Schefland & Jacobs The Handbook of Organic Solvents (Van Nostrand) p592 1953, Beilstein 5 IV 27.] Rapid purification: Distil, discarding the forerun. Stand distillate over Grade I alumina (5% w/v) or 4A molecular sieves.

General Description
A clear colourless liquid with a petroleum-like odour. Used to make nylon, as a solvent, paint remover, and to make other chemicals. Flashpoint -4°F. Density 6.5 lb/gal (less than water) and insoluble in water. Vapours heavier than air.

Chemical Properties
colorless liquid

Cyclohexane is an acyclic hydrocarbon from the Cycloalkane family. It is used as a non polar solvent in the chemical industry and a reactant in industrial production of Adipic acid and caprolactam, intermediates in Nylon production. Pure cyclohexane is non-reactive and is typically only used as a solvent. The oxidation of cyclohexane provides cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. They are much more reactive and are used among others as a raw material for the production of adipic acid and caprolactam.

Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon. Cyclohexane is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used).

Description
Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. Cyclohexane is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used).

Application
C 2778 (OTTO) Cyclohexane, for HPLC 99.8% Cas 110-82-7 - used as a recrystallization solvent, as many organic compounds exhibit good solubility in hot cyclohexane and poor solubility at low temperatures.

Production Methods
Cyclohexane is fractionated from crude oil and may be released wherever petroleum products are refined, stored, and used. Another large source of general release is in exhaust gases from motor vehicles. It is prepared synthetically from benzene, by hydrocracking of cyclopentane, or from toluene by simultaneous dealkylation and double bond hydrogenation.

Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. Cyclohexane is used as a nonpolar solvent for the chemical industry, and also as a raw material for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, both of which are intermediates used in the production of nylon. On an industrial scale, cyclohexane is produced by reacting benzene with hydrogen. Due to its unique chemical and conformational properties, cyclohexane is also used in labs in analysis and as a standard.

Properties
Cyclohexane is a compound composed of carbon and hydrogen. It is a clear and volatile liquid type of organic compound. Its odor is a faint ether-like. Its molecular formula is C6H12 and has a molecular weight of 84.18. Its boiling point is 80.7C and melting point is 6.47C. Its vapor density is 2.90, vapor pressure is 97.6 mm Hg at 25 oC ,and flash point is -18 C. Cyclohexane's molecular shape is a hexagon. 

The carbon atom in cyclohexane are in a hexagonal shape, having a carbon to carbon bonds on both sides and two hydrogen bonds in each of the carbon. The electronegativity of carbon and hydrogen are about equal therefore making it a nonpolar covalent bonded molecule. Cyclohexane is insoluble in water because of its structure and its bond, making it hydrophobic. It can be broken down by alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene, and ligroin.

Cyclohexanol
Hexahydrophenol; Cyclohexyl Alcohol; Hexahydrophenol; Naxol; 1-Cyclohexanol; adronal; Hexalin; Hydralin; Hydrophenol; Hydroxycyclohexane CAS NO: 108-93-0
CYCLOHEXANONE
CYCLOHEXASILOXANE, N° CAS : 540-97-6, Nom INCI : CYCLOHEXASILOXANE, Nom chimique : Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 208-762-8, Classification : Silicone, Le cyclohexasiloxane est un des nombreux dérivés de silicone, qui confère aux produits de la douceur, de la brillance et qui améliore les textures. Ce silicone ne pose pas de soucis pour la santé humaine, si ce n'est qu'il n'est pas biodégradable. Il est interdit en bio.Ses fonctions (INCI) Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
CYCLOHEXANONE
CAS number: 108-94-1
EC Number: 203-631-1
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₀O
Molecular Weight: 98.15

What is Cyclohexanone?
Cyclohexanone (also known as oxocyclohexane, pimelic ketone, cyclohexyl ketone, and CYC) is a clear oily liquid that has a colourless to light yellow tinge and a pungent odour.
Cyclohexanone is a sixcarbon cyclic molecule belonging to the class of cyclic ketones (organic compounds) with the formula C6H10O.
Cyclohexanone is slightly soluble in water, completely miscible with common solvents and reacts with oxidants such as nitric acid.
Cyclohexanone occurs naturally in crude oils and is also produced synthetically, in large quantities, as it is a key intermediate in the production of nylon.

Cyclohexanone uses:
Cyclohexanone uses in industry
Cyclohexanone has many industrial uses, primarily as an industrial chemical and chemical intermediate in the production of specific target molecules.
In fact, the consumption of cyclohexanone is linked almost entirely to the nylon industry with derivatives oxidised to produce adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors for nylon 6.
Up to 70% of the world’s caprolactam is produced via cyclohexanone.

Other cyclohexanone derivatives are used for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, herbicides, pesticides, plasticisers, and rubber chemicals.
Additional industry uses of cyclohexanone include as an adhesive, fuel, paint and coating additive and laboratory chemical.
Cyclohexanone is used as a solvent for lacquers, paints, resins, degreasers, spot removers, polymers, copolymers, waxes, crude rubber, cellulose acetate, the manufacturing of herbicides and anihistamines.

Consumer uses of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone is found in various consumer products including in adhesives, paints, automotive, cleaning and furnishing care products, electronics, and photo chemicals.

Cyclohexanone is mostly captively consumed, either isolated or as a mixture, in the production of nylon intermediates (adipic acid and Caprolactam).
Around 4% is consumed in markets other than nylon, such as solvents for paints, dyes and pesticides.
Cyclohexanone is also used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, films, soaps and coatings.

Cyclohexanone is produced from either phenol or cyclohexane.
Fibrant masters technologies that use any of these feedstocks It has developed a unique technology portfolio to secure a reliable and high quality raw material supply to its Caprolactam units.

Cyclohexanone is produced by selective vapour phase hydrogenation of Phenol.
A specially developed Palladium-based catalyst and an advanced process technology facilitate the manufacturing of a product with excellent quality parameters.
Cyclohexanone is transported in road tank cars, containers and railway tank wagons.

Cyclohexanone (also known as oxocyclohexane, pimelic ketone, ketohexamethylene, cyclohexyl ketone or ketocyclohexane) is a six-carbon cyclic molecule with a ketone functional group.
Cyclohexanone is a colorless, oily liquid with an acetone-like smell.

Applications of Cyclohexanone:
-Raw material for caprolactam, adipic acid and nylon
-Retarder thinner (celluloid, fat, wax, rubber, synthetic resin, resin lacquer, etc.)
-Remover for paint and varnish
-Chemical synthesis
-Magnetic tapes
-Manufacturing of dyestuffs
-Manufacturing of fibres
-Manufacturing of herbicides
-Manufacturing of peroxides
-Manufacturing of pharmaceutical agents
-Manufacturing of plastics
-Manufacturing of sedatives and soporifics
-Manufacturing of textile dyestuffs
-Manufacturing of textiles dyestuffs
-Optical brighteners
-Pesticides
-Polymer auxiliaries
-Solvents for polymeres
-Textile dyestuffs

Production of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexane in air, typically using cobalt catalysts:
C6H12 + O2 → (CH2)5CO + H2O
This process co-forms cyclohexanol, and this mixture, called "KA Oil" for ketone-alcohol oil, is the main feedstock for the production of adipic acid.
The oxidation involves radicals and the intermediacy of the hydroperoxide C6H11O2H.
In some cases, purified cyclohexanol, obtained by hydration of cyclohexene, is the precursor.

Alternatively, cyclohexanone can be produced by the partial hydrogenation of phenol:
C6H5OH + 2 H2 → (CH2)5CO
This process can also be adjusted to favor the formation of cyclohexanol.
ExxonMobil developed a process in which benzene is hydroalkylated to cyclohexylbenzene.
Cyclohexanone is oxidized to a hydroperoxide and then cleaved to phenol and cyclohexanone.
Therefore, this newer process without producing the acetone by-product appears attractive and is similar to the Cumene process as a hydroperoxide is formed and then decomposed to yield two key products.

Laboratory methods of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone can be prepared from cyclohexanol by oxidation with chromium trioxide (Jones oxidation).
An alternative method utilizes the safer and more readily available oxidant sodium hypochlorite.

Uses of Cyclohexanone:
The great majority of cyclohexanone is consumed in the production of precursors to Nylon 6,6 and Nylon 6.
About half of the world's supply is converted to adipic acid, one of two precursors for nylon 6,6.
For this application, the KA oil (see above) is oxidized with nitric acid.
The other half of the cyclohexanone supply is converted to cyclohexanone oxime.

Laboratory reactions of Cyclohexanone:
In addition to the large scale reactions conducted in service of the polymer industry, many reactions have been developed for cyclohexanone.
In the presence of light, Cyclohexanone undergoes alpha-chlorination to give 2-chlorocyclohexanone.
Cyclohexanone forms a trimethylsilylenol ether upon treatment with trimethylsilylchloride in the presence of base.
Cyclohexanone also forms an enamine with pyrolidine.

Illicit use of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone has been used in the illicit production of phencyclidine and its analogs and as such is often subject to additional checks before purchase.

How is cyclohexanone made?
There are several methods of manufacturing cyclohexanone, one of which being the catalytic hydrogenation of phenol:
C6H5OH + 2 H2 → (CH2)5CO
Another method is via the catalytic air-oxidation of cyclohexane, typically in the presence of cobalt crystals:
C6H12 + O2 → (CH2)5CO + H2O
This reaction is one of the primary commercial bulk manufacturing methods, the other being the hydrogenation of benzene (in a closed system).
Other methods include the catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol:
C6H11OH → C6H11OH + H2
Worldwide, thousands of tonnes of cyclohexyl ketone are produced annually.
Demand for it is still growing, especially in China, and several new production plants have come on-line in the past few years in order to help meet this demand.

Cyclohexanone is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)5CO.
The molecule consists of six-carbon cyclic molecule with a ketone functional group.
This colorless oil has an odor reminiscent of that of acetone.
Over time, samples of cyclohexanone assume a yellow color.
Cyclohexanone is slightly soluble in water and miscible with common organic solvents.
Billions of kilograms are produced annually, mainly as a precursor to nylon.
Cyclohexanone is a colorless, flammable and corrosive liquid which dissolves in water, alcohol and ether.

Cyclohexanone is a synthetic organic liquid used primarily as an intermediate in the production of nylon.
Other minor applications of Cyclohexanone are as an intermediate, additive and solvent in a variety of products.
Occupational exposure levels have been measured in some industries

Most important use of Cyclohexanone is as a chemical intermediate in the production of Adipic Acid and in the manufacturing of Caprolactam.
Cyclohexanone is also used as a solvent and thinner for lacquers, especially those containing nitrocellulose or vinyl chloride polymer and copolymer resins including polyvinyl chloride and methacrylate ester polymers.
Cyclohexanone is an excellent solvent for DDT and organic phosphorus insecticides and pesticides.
Cyclohexanone is used as a sludge solvent in oil for piston type aircraft lubrication.

Boiling point: 155.6°C
Melting point: –16.4°C
Conversion factor: mg/m3 = 4.0 × ppm

Description of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone (pimelic ketone, ketohexamethylene, cyclohexyl ketone, ketocyclohexane) is an industrially important intermediate in the synthesis of materials such as nylon.

Cyclohexanone is an important intermediate for synthesizing fine chemicals and also regarded as a promising secondgeneration biofuel.
The dimers by the self-condensation of cyclohexanone include a pair of resonance structures of 2-(1-cyclohexenyl)cyclohexanone and 2-cyclohexylidenecyclohexanone, which can be readily dehydrogenated directly to o-phenylphenol (OPP).

General description of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone, a colorless liquid is a cyclic ketone.
Cyclohexanone is an important building block for the synthesis of a variety of organic compounds.
Majority of the cyclohexanone synthesized is utilized as an intermediate in the synthesis of nylon.
One of the methods reported for its synthesis is by the palladium catalyzed hydrogenation of phenol.
The kinetics of the oxidation reaction of cyclohexanone has been studied in a fused silica jet stirred reactor.
The Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction of cyclohexanone has been reported.

Molecular Weight: 98.14
Formula: C6H10O
Density: 0.947 g/mL at 25 °C
CAS No.: 108-94-1
Storage: 2 years -20°C liquid
Smiles: C1CCC(=O)CC1

We can provide customers with the purest and finest Cyclohexanone, anywhere and anytime.
-Proprietary production processes to ensure industry-leading quality and consistency
-Integrated Cyclohexanone production sites, resulting in the highest degree of reliability
-Continuous quality assurance
-State-of-the-art transportation options
-Continuous improvements and investments to secure world-class plant reliability and industry-leading quality

Chemical and physical properties of cyclohexanone:
Molecular Formula: C6H10O / (CH2)5CO
Synonyms: Ketohexamethylene, oxocyclohexane, sextone, pimelic ketone, pimelin ketone, cyclohexyl ketone, Hydrol-O, anone, CYC.
Cas Number: 108-94-1
Molecular Mass: 98.14 g/mol
Exact Mass: 98.073165 g/mol
Flashpoint: 111°F / 43.9
Boiling Point: 312.1 ° F / 155.6 at 760 mm Hg
Melting Point: 3 ° F/ -16.1 ° C
Vapour Pressure: 101.7° F at 10 mm Hg
Water Solubility: 50 to 100 mg/mL at 64° F
Density: 0.945 at 68 °F

Cyclohexanone is an industrially important intermediate in the synthesis of materials such as nylon, but preparing it efficiently through direct hydrogenation of phenol is hindered by over-reduction to cyclohexanol.
Here we report that a previously unappreciated combination of two common commercial catalysts―nanoparticulate palladium (supported on carbon, alumina, or NaY zeolite) and a Lewis acid such as AlCl3―synergistically promotes this reaction.
Conversion exceeding 99.9% was achieved with >99.9% selectivity within 7 hours at 1.0-megapascal hydrogen pressure and 50°C.
The reaction was accelerated at higher temperature or in a compressed CO2 solvent medium.
Preliminary kinetic and spectroscopic studies suggest that the Lewis acid sequentially enhances the hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone and then inhibits further hydrogenation of the ketone.

General description of Cyclohexanone:
Cyclohexanone is a cyclic ketone with a minty odor.
Cyclohexanone is reported to be present in volatile flavor fraction of kiwi fruit pulp and acerola fruit.

Formula: C6H10O
Net Charge: 0
Average Mass: 98.14300
Monoisotopic Mass: 98.07316
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H10O/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H2
InChIKey: JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: O=C1CCCCC1

Cyclohexanol (CHOL) and cyclohexanone (CHON), precursors for caprolactam and adipic acid, are vital feedstock chemicals for the production of nylons.
In addition, CHOL serves as an emulsion stabilizer and a raw material for plasticizers, and CHON is widely used as a solvent for resins and paints.
Industrial preparations of CHOL and CHON entail oxidation of cyclohexane or hydrogenation of phenol.2 Alternatively, hydration of cyclohexene is developed to afford CHOL3 which can further be converted to CHON by oxidation.
During the above production processes, CHOL and CHON are inevitably obtained as mixtures, which are known as KA-oil.
Due to very close boiling points, mixed CHOL and CHON are energy-consuming to purify by distillation, thereby the development of alternative methods for separation is of significant importance.

Isolation of Cyclohexanone from Steam Distillate
Cyclohexanone is fairly soluble in water.
Dissolving inorganic salts such as potassium carbonate or sodium chloride in the aqueous layer will decrease the solubility of cyclohexanone such that it can be completely extracted with ether.
This process is known as "salting out."
To salt out the cyclohexanone, add to the distillate 0.2 g of sodium chloride per milliliter of water present and swirl to dissolve the salt.
Then pour the mixture into a separatory funnel, rinse the flask with ether, add more ether to a total volume of 25-30 mL, shake, and draw off the water layer.
Then wash the ether layer with 25 mL of 10% sodium hydroxide solution to remove acetic acid, test a drop of the wash liquor to make sure it contains excess alkali, and draw off the aqueous layer.

Product Number: C0489
Purity / Analysis Method: >99.0%(GC)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C6H10O = 98.15
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
CAS RN: 108-94-1
Reaxys Registry Number: 385735
PubChem Substance ID: 87565608
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 571
Merck Index (14): 2726
MDL Number: MFCD00001625

Cyclohexanone and benzoquinone are important chemicals in chemical and manufacturing industries.
The simultaneous production of cyclohexanone and benzoquinone by the reaction of phenol and water is an ideal route for the economical production of the two chemicals.
In principle, this can be achieved in an electrochemical reaction system that couples the cathodic reduction of phenol to cyclohexanone and the anodic oxidation of phenol to benzoquinone, which has not been realized.
Here, we report the first work on this integration strategy, where nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon (NHPC)-supported NiPt and FeRu designed in this work are very efficient and selective cathode and anode catalysts, affording >99.9% selectivities to both cyclohexanone and benzoquinone.
The excellent electrocatalytic performance of the catalysts can be ascribed to the poor absorption capability of the NiPt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) for cyclohexanone and Fe single-atom decorated Ru NPs for benzoquinone, which avoids the excessive reduction and oxidation of the desired products.
The reaction pathway is proposed on the basis of control experiments, in which two phenol molecules react with one H2O molecule with 100% atom-efficiency.
In the scale-up experiment at the 1 g scale, NiPt/NHPC and FeRu/NHPC exhibit excellent durability and stability, which enables this integrated system to afford 645.3 mg of cyclohexanone and 691.7 mg of benzoquinone synchronously in an operating time of 90 h.

Specifications of Cyclohexanone:
Appearance: A clear colorless liquid
Purity (by GC): Min 99.5%
Refractive index (20°C; 589 nm): 1.450 - 1.451
Weight/ mL at 20°C: 0.945 - 0.947 g
Water (H2O): Max 0.2%
Non volatile matter: Max 0.02%
Acidity (as CH3COOH): Max 0.02%
Cyclohexane (C6H12): Max 0.001%
Cyclohexanol (C6H12O): Max 0.2%
Copper (Cu): Max 0.00005%
Iron (Fe): Max 0.0001%
Lead (Pb): Max 0.00005%

Synonyms:
anone; cyclohexyl ketone; pimelic ketone; ketohexamethylene

Other names:
oxocyclohexane, pimelic ketone, ketohexamethylene, cyclohexyl ketone, ketocyclohexane, hexanon, Hydrol-O, Sextone, K, Anone

SYNONYMS:
CYCLOHEXANONE
Cyclohexanone
cyclohexanone
Cyclohexyl ketone
Ketocyclohexane
Ketohexamethylene
Oxocyclohexane
CYCLOHEXANONE
108-94-1
Ketohexamethylene
Pimelic ketone
Sextone
Cyclohexyl ketone
Nadone
Anone
Anon
Cyclohexanon
Hytrol O
Hexanon
ketocyclohexane
oxocyclohexane
Pimelin ketone
Cykloheksanon
Cicloesanone
Cyclohexanone, homopolymer
Hytrolo
Cyclic ketone
RCRA waste number U057
Cyclohexanon [Dutch]
Caswell No. 270
NCI-C55005
Cicloesanone [Italian]
Cykloheksanon [Polish]
NSC 5711
UNII-5QOR3YM052
CCRIS 5897
MFCD00001625
9003-41-2
cyclohexyloxy
CHEMBL18850
5QOR3YM052
CHEBI:17854
cyclohexan-1-one
DSSTox_CID_359
DSSTox_RID_75537
DSSTox_GSID_20359
CYH
CAS-108-94-1
HSDB 186
EINECS 203-631-1
UN1915
RCRA waste no. U057
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 025902
CYCLOHEXANONE POLYMER
cylcohexanone
cylohexanone
cyclo-hexanone
2-cyclohexanone
4-cyclohexanone
AI3-00041
Cyclohexanone,(S)
Cyclohexanon(dutch)
Cyclohexanone ACS grade
BDBM6
Cyclohexanone homopolymer
Cyclohexanone, 99.8%
ACMC-1BP9A
WLN: L6VTJ
bmse000405
EC 203-631-1
MLS002152896
BIDD:ER0292
Cyclohexanone, LR, >=99%
DTXSID6020359
Cyclohexanone (Industrial Grade)
Cyclohexanone, p.a., 99.0%
Cyclohexanone, AR, >=99.5%
NSC5711
Cyclohexanone, analytical standard
HMS3039C04
Cyclohexanone - Reagent Grade ACS
NSC-5711
ZINC4528575
Tox21_202121
Tox21_302750
s6236
SBB060074
STL183287
AKOS000119815
DB02060
MCULE-5664385838
UN 1915
Cyclohexanone, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
Cyclohexanone, ReagentPlus(R), 99.8%
NCGC00091786-01
NCGC00091786-02
NCGC00256489-01
NCGC00259670-01
SMR001224507
Cyclohexanone 5000 microg/mL in Methanol
Cyclohexanone, puriss., >=99.5% (GC)
Cyclohexanone, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
DB-059799
Cyclohexanone, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%
FT-0624193
FT-0699543
ST50214418
Y1320
Cyclohexanone [UN1915] [Flammable liquid]
Cyclohexanone, JIS special grade, >=99.0%
Cyclohexanone, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
2628-EP2269986A1
2628-EP2269990A1
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C00414
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22788-EP2272822A1
22788-EP2272832A1
22788-EP2272935A1
22788-EP2275398A1
22788-EP2275401A1
22788-EP2275409A1
22788-EP2275469A1
22788-EP2277867A2
22788-EP2280003A2
22788-EP2280009A1
22788-EP2280010A2
22788-EP2281817A1
22788-EP2287940A1
22788-EP2289887A2
22788-EP2289888A2
22788-EP2289895A1
22788-EP2289965A1
22788-EP2292592A1
22788-EP2292597A1
22788-EP2292606A1
22788-EP2292611A1
22788-EP2295414A1
22788-EP2295421A1
22788-EP2295422A2
22788-EP2295436A1
22788-EP2298731A1
22788-EP2298746A1
22788-EP2298750A1
22788-EP2298767A1
22788-EP2298772A1
22788-EP2298774A1
22788-EP2298828A1
22788-EP2301921A1
22788-EP2301926A1
22788-EP2301983A1
22788-EP2305250A1
22788-EP2305633A1
22788-EP2305651A1
22788-EP2308510A1
22788-EP2308562A2
22788-EP2308839A1
22788-EP2308854A1
22788-EP2311810A1
22788-EP2313397A1
22788-EP2313398A1
22788-EP2314575A1
22788-EP2314583A1
22788-EP2314587A1
22788-EP2315502A1
22788-EP2371810A1
78030-EP2272846A1
78030-EP2275422A1
78030-EP2277868A1
78030-EP2277869A1
78030-EP2277870A1
78030-EP2287158A1
78030-EP2292608A1
78030-EP2298076A1
78030-EP2298077A1
78030-EP2298762A2
78030-EP2301353A1
78030-EP2305031A1
78030-EP2305033A1
78030-EP2305034A1
78030-EP2305035A1
78030-EP2308866A1
78030-EP2371823A1
78030-EP2374791A1
Cyclohexanone, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (GC)
Q409178
J-520160
F0001-0185
Z955123528
CYCLOHEXANONE

Cyclohexanone is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinct, somewhat sweet odor.
Cyclohexanone is a cyclic ketone, featuring a six-membered carbon ring with a carbonyl group.
Cyclohexanone has a molecular formula of C₆H₁₀O and a molar mass of approximately 98.15 g/mol.
Cyclohexanone is miscible with common organic solvents but has limited solubility in water.

CAS Number: 108-94-1
EC Number: 203-631-1



APPLICATIONS


Cyclohexanone is a crucial intermediate in the production of adipic acid, a key component in the manufacture of nylon-6,6.
Cyclohexanone serves as a solvent in the production of paints, coatings, and varnishes, facilitating the dissolution of resins.

Cyclohexanone is utilized in the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction, transforming ketones into esters or lactones.
Cyclohexanone is a building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, including certain analgesics and antipyretics.

Cyclohexanone plays a pivotal role in the production of caprolactam, a monomer used in the synthesis of nylon-6.
As a solvent, cyclohexanone is employed in the formulation of adhesives and rubber cements.

In the rubber industry, it is utilized as a softening agent and solvent for rubber and elastomers.
Cyclohexanone is involved in the manufacturing of plasticizers, which enhance the flexibility of plastics.
Cyclohexanone serves as a reactant in the synthesis of pesticides and agricultural chemicals.
Cyclohexanone is used in the production of cyclohexanone oxime, a precursor in the synthesis of caprolactam.

Cyclohexanone is applied in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates, including cyclohexanone derivatives.
As a solvent in the ink industry, it helps dissolve resins and pigments for printing applications.
Cyclohexanone is employed in the synthesis of fragrance compounds used in perfumes and personal care products.

Cyclohexanone participates in the preparation of specialty chemicals and high-performance polymers.
In the synthesis of epoxy resins, it acts as a precursor in certain reactions.
Cyclohexanone is used in the extraction and purification of certain metals in metallurgical processes.

Cyclohexanone is employed in the formulation of certain cleaning agents and degreasers due to its solvent properties.
Cyclohexanone finds application in the production of corrosion inhibitors for metal protection.
In the flavor and fragrance industry, it contributes to the creation of specific aroma compounds.
Cyclohexanone is utilized in the manufacture of photographic chemicals, including developers and fixatives.

Cyclohexanone is used in the synthesis of specialty resins and polymer materials.
As a solvent in the textile industry, it aids in the dyeing and finishing processes.

Cyclohexanone is involved in the production of antioxidants for use in various applications.
Cyclohexanone is used in the synthesis of certain UV absorbers for sunscreens and protective coatings.
Cyclohexanone serves as a reactant in the preparation of fuel and lubricant additives for improved performance.

In the production of cyclohexanone oxime, it is a key precursor for caprolactam, which is integral to the production of nylon-6 fibers and plastics.
Cyclohexanone is employed as a solvent in the formulation of lacquers, ensuring even and smooth coatings on various surfaces.

Cyclohexanone serves as a reactant in the synthesis of cyclohexylbenzene, a compound used in the production of perfumes and fragrances.
As a solvent for cellulose esters, it is used in the manufacturing of celluloid and other film materials.
Cyclohexanone finds application in the production of pharmaceuticals, including antihistamines and muscle relaxants.

Cyclohexanone is utilized in the synthesis of corrosion inhibitors to protect metal surfaces in various industrial applications.
In the rubber industry, Cyclohexanone is involved in the production of neoprene, a versatile synthetic rubber.

Cyclohexanone is used as a solvent in the extraction of essential oils and flavors from plant materials.
The compound is employed in the formulation of insecticides and pesticides, contributing to pest control in agriculture.
In the electronics industry, it is used as a solvent for the manufacturing of certain electronic components and devices.

Cyclohexanone is a key component in the production of polycarbonate resins, which are used in the manufacture of optical discs and eyewear.
As a cleaning agent, it is utilized in the removal of grease and contaminants from machinery and industrial equipment.
Cyclohexanone is applied in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, contributing to the development of therapeutic drugs.

Cyclohexanone is used in the synthesis of antioxidants that protect materials from oxidative degradation.
In the agrochemical industry, it plays a role in the production of herbicides and fungicides for crop protection.

Cyclohexanone is employed in the preparation of certain dyes and pigments used in the textile and printing industries.
Cyclohexanone is used in the manufacture of epoxy resins, contributing to the production of durable and adhesive materials.
As a raw material in the production of specialty chemicals, it facilitates the creation of unique and advanced compounds.

Cyclohexanone is used in the formulation of brake fluids and hydraulic fluids due to its compatibility with certain materials.
Cyclohexanone is applied in the synthesis of antioxidants for use in food packaging and preservation.
In the automotive industry, it is used in the production of certain polymer materials for interior components.
Cyclohexanone is employed as a processing aid in the production of certain plastics, enhancing their molding and extrusion properties.

Cyclohexanone is used in the synthesis of resins for the production of composite materials in aerospace applications.
As a reactant in the production of specialty polymers, it contributes to the development of high-performance materials.
Cyclohexanone is applied in the formulation of ink and printing solutions, ensuring quality and stability in printing processes.

Cyclohexanone is employed in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical intermediates used in the production of antibiotics.
In the aerospace industry, it is used in the formulation of specialty coatings and adhesives for aircraft components.
As a component in the production of epoxy resins, cyclohexanone contributes to the manufacturing of high-strength composite materials.

Cyclohexanone is utilized in the formulation of printing inks, providing a stable and effective medium for various printing applications.
Cyclohexanone is employed in the manufacturing of magnetic tapes and other recording media in the electronics sector.

Cyclohexanone is a key ingredient in the production of certain plasticizers, enhancing the flexibility of polymers in various applications.
In the synthesis of lubricant additives, cyclohexanone contributes to the improvement of the lubricating properties of oils.
Cyclohexanone is used in the formulation of specialty adhesives and sealants, ensuring strong and durable bonds in construction and automotive applications.

Cyclohexanone is applied in the production of flame retardants, contributing to the safety of textiles and materials in fire-prone environments.
In the manufacturing of flavor and fragrance compounds, it imparts unique characteristics to a wide range of consumer products.
Cyclohexanone is used in the production of certain plastic foams, contributing to insulation materials in construction and packaging.

Cyclohexanone is involved in the synthesis of certain corrosion-resistant coatings for metals in marine and industrial applications.
In the production of certain reactive dyes, it plays a role in the textile industry for coloring fabrics and fibers.

Cyclohexanone is utilized in the synthesis of specialty polymers used in the development of medical devices and implants.
Cyclohexanone is applied in the formulation of certain detergents and cleaning agents, contributing to effective stain removal.
In the production of specialty resins for 3D printing, cyclohexanone facilitates the creation of customized and high-performance parts.
Cyclohexanone is involved in the synthesis of plastic materials used in the automotive industry for interior components and panels.

Cyclohexanone is used in the manufacturing of certain agricultural chemicals, aiding in pest control and crop protection.
In the synthesis of rubber accelerators, cyclohexanone contributes to the improvement of the vulcanization process in rubber production.

Cyclohexanone is applied in the production of certain photochemicals used in photovoltaic cells and solar energy applications.
Cyclohexanone is used as a processing aid in the production of certain food packaging materials to enhance their performance and properties.
In the synthesis of certain antioxidants, cyclohexanone contributes to the protection of materials against oxidative degradation.
Cyclohexanone is employed in the formulation of certain fuel additives, improving combustion efficiency and engine performance.

Cyclohexanone is used in the synthesis of certain resinous materials for the production of coated papers and packaging materials.
In the electronics industry, cyclohexanone is used in the cleaning and degreasing of electronic components and circuit boards.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclohexanone is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinct, somewhat sweet odor.
Cyclohexanone is a cyclic ketone, featuring a six-membered carbon ring with a carbonyl group.

Cyclohexanone has a molecular formula of C₆H₁₀O and a molar mass of approximately 98.15 g/mol.
Cyclohexanone is miscible with common organic solvents but has limited solubility in water.
Cyclohexanone is synthesized through the oxidation of cyclohexane, a process commonly known as air oxidation.

Cyclohexanone is often used as a solvent for resins, lacquers, and varnishes due to its excellent dissolving properties.
Cyclohexanone has applications in the production of nylon, caprolactam, and adipic acid, key components in the polymer industry.

Cyclohexanone serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and agricultural chemicals.
The liquid form of cyclohexanone has a slightly oily feel and evaporates easily.

Cyclohexanone exhibits reactivity in various chemical transformations, including reduction and oxidation reactions.
Cyclohexanone is known for its use in the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, a method converting ketones into esters or lactones.

Cyclohexanone is a precursor in the synthesis of caprolactam, a monomer used in the production of nylon-6.
Cyclohexanone undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions due to the electron-rich nature of the cyclohexane ring.
Cyclohexanone is susceptible to reduction reactions, converting the carbonyl group to a secondary alcohol.
Cyclohexanone is flammable, and appropriate precautions should be taken during handling and storage.

The odor of cyclohexanone is noticeable even at low concentrations, making it easily detectable.
Cyclohexanone is commonly used as a building block in the synthesis of various organic compounds in laboratory settings.

Cyclohexanone can act as a Lewis base, donating electrons to electron-deficient species in chemical reactions.
In the presence of suitable catalysts, it can participate in hydrogenation reactions to yield cyclohexanol.
Cyclohexanone has a boiling point of around 155-156 degrees Celsius, contributing to its application in various processes.

Cyclohexanone is a valuable solvent in the paint and coating industry due to its ability to dissolve various resins.
Cyclohexanone exhibits moderate volatility, facilitating its use in processes requiring controlled evaporation rates.

Cyclohexanone is listed on various chemical regulatory databases, including REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals).
Cyclohexanone is used in the production of cyclohexanone oxime, an important intermediate in the synthesis of caprolactam.
Cyclohexanone is subject to occupational exposure limits, and proper safety measures should be followed to minimize risks during handling.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₀O
Molecular Weight: Approximately 98.15 g/mol
Physical State: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Characteristic, somewhat sweet odor
Melting Point: 0.3 °C
Boiling Point: 155-156 °C
Density: 0.947 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Solubility in Water: Slightly soluble
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Miscible with common organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: 0.67 mmHg at 25 °C


Chemical Properties:

Functional Group: Ketone (C=O)
Reactivity: Participates in various chemical reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and electrophilic substitution.
Flammability: Flammable liquid; should be handled with appropriate precautions.
Acidity/Basicity: Neutral pH in water; does not exhibit strong acidity or basicity.
Hydrogen Bonding: Exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the presence of the carbonyl group.


Miscellaneous Properties:

Biodegradability: Cyclohexanone is biodegradable under aerobic conditions.
Flash Point: 43 °C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: Approximately 445 °C
Viscosity: Low viscosity as a liquid
Electrical Conductivity: Generally low electrical conductivity.
Stability: Stable under normal conditions, but may undergo decomposition at elevated temperatures.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If inhaled, promptly move the affected person to an area with fresh air.

Provide Artificial Respiration:
If breathing is difficult or has stopped, provide artificial respiration.
Seek medical attention immediately.

Administer Oxygen:
If trained personnel are available, administer oxygen if breathing difficulties persist.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Quickly remove any contaminated clothing to prevent further skin contact.

Wash Skin Thoroughly:
Rinse the affected skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use a mild soap if available.

Seek Medical Attention:
If irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
Provide information about the nature and extent of exposure to healthcare professionals.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes Immediately:
Rinse the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring the eyelids are held open to facilitate rinsing.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If applicable, remove contact lenses after the initial flushing and continue rinsing.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist.
Provide information about the substance to healthcare professionals.


Ingestion:

DO NOT Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse Mouth:
Rinse the mouth with water if the person has ingested cyclohexanone.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention.
Provide healthcare professionals with information about the ingested substance.


General First Aid:

Provide Comfort:
Keep the affected person calm and reassure them.

Never Use Unapproved Substances:
Do not attempt to neutralize cyclohexanone with other substances unless instructed to do so by medical professionals.

Medical Attention:
In all cases of exposure or ingestion, seek prompt medical attention.
Bring the safety data sheet (SDS) or information about the chemical with you to aid healthcare professionals.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing, to prevent skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection if there is a risk of inhalation exposure.
Ensure the equipment complies with relevant standards and regulations.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area.
Use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations, especially in confined spaces.
Avoid the inhalation of vapors by maintaining proper ventilation.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid skin and eye contact with cyclohexanone.
In case of contact, follow the recommended first aid measures.
Do not ingest the substance.

Handling Precautions:
Handle cyclohexanone with caution and follow good laboratory or industrial practices.
Prevent the release of dust, vapors, or aerosols.
Use closed systems where feasible.

Spill and Leak Response:
In the event of a spill, contain and absorb the substance using appropriate absorbent materials.
Wear protective equipment during cleanup, and dispose of contaminated materials according to local regulations.

Equipment Inspection:
Regularly inspect and maintain equipment used for handling cyclohexanone to ensure its integrity and prevent leaks or spills.
Replace damaged or malfunctioning equipment promptly.

Prohibited Activities:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling cyclohexanone.
Avoid activities that may generate dust, vapors, or aerosols.

Waste Disposal:
Dispose of waste in accordance with local regulations.
Consult with authorities for proper disposal methods.
Recycle or reclaim cyclohexanone whenever possible.

Emergency Equipment:
Ensure that emergency equipment, such as eye wash stations and safety showers, is readily available and functioning.


Storage:

Storage Location:
Store cyclohexanone in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials.
Use dedicated storage areas for flammable liquids, adhering to local regulations.

Temperature Control:
Store in a location where temperatures are controlled and do not exceed recommended limits.
Prevent exposure to extreme temperatures and sources of heat or ignition.

Containers:
Use containers made of compatible materials for storage, such as stainless steel or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
Ensure containers are tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and minimize evaporation.

Compatibility:
Store cyclohexanone away from incompatible substances, including strong acids, strong bases, and strong oxidizing agents.
Segregate from reactive materials to prevent undesired reactions.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage containers with the chemical name, hazard information, and handling precautions.
Ensure all containers are properly marked and identifiable.

Segregation:
Segregate cyclohexanone from other chemicals to prevent cross-contamination.
Follow proper storage practices outlined in regulatory guidelines.

Accessibility:
Ensure easy access to emergency response equipment and exits in the storage area.
Maintain clear pathways and emergency signage.

Fire Prevention:
Keep cyclohexanone away from heat sources, open flames, and ignition sources.
Store away from combustible materials.



SYNONYMS


Pimelic ketone
Ketohexamethylene
Anon
Adipic ketone
Oxocyclohexane
Capron ketone
Ketocyclohexane
Aton C
Hexanon
Cykloheksanon (Polish)
AN 21
NSC 57152
Rcra waste number U057
FEMA 3667
UN 1915
RCRA waste no. U057
Benzene, hexahydro-, ketone
NSC 93822
BRN 1802244
CCRIS 7533
NSC 20712
Benzene, hexahydro-, oxo-
FEMA no. 3667
4-05-00-02311 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Cyclohexyl ketone
Hexahydrobenzaldehyde
Oxohexamethylene
Anone
Hexan-2-one
Hexanon
Adipophenone
Cyclohexyl methyl ketone
Hexahydrocyclohexanone
Caproin
1-Cyclohexanone
Ketocyclohexane
Adipoketone
Pimelic acid ketone
2-Oxocyclohexane
Hexyl ketone
Ketocyclohexane
RCRA waste number U075
FEMA no. 2687
Cyclohexane-2-one
2-Cyclohexanone
Oxo-hexahydrobenzene
NSC 7829
BRN 1751586
Cyclohexane, ketone
FEMA no. 2719
Hexahydrocyclohexyl ketone
Anon C
Capron
2-Oxocyclohexanone
2-Cyclohexyl ketone
Ketohexamethylene
2-Oxocyclohexane
UNII-IR859RPR9Z
FEMA No. 2719
FEMA No. 2827
FEMA No. 4576
FEMA No. 4599
CYCLOHEXASILOXANE
Cyclohexasiloxane clear, odorless liquid acts as a light and volatile carrier ingredient that imparts a silky, non-greasy feel to skin care and hair care formulations.
Cyclohexasiloxane enhances product spreadability, aids in quick absorption, and provides a smooth, matte finish.
The chemical formula of Cyclohexasiloxane is C12H36O6Si6.

CAS Number: 540976
Molecular Formula: C12H36O6Si6
Molecular Weight: 444.92
EINECS Number: 2087628

Cyclohexasiloxane is a silicone-based compound frequently used in cosmetics and personal care products.
Cyclohexasiloxane is often utilized alongside other silicones like cyclopentasiloxane to improve the overall texture and performance of cosmetic products.
While cyclopentasiloxane is also commonly used, the choice between the two depends on the specific formulation and desired properties, making them valuable tools in cosmetic science.

Cyclohexasiloxane, also known as D6 or simply 'siloxane,' is a chemical compound belonging to the class of organosilicon compounds.
Cyclohexasiloxane is a cyclic siloxane molecule composed of six silicon (Si) atoms alternately bonded to oxygen (O) atoms, forming a ring structure.
The chemical formula for cyclohexasiloxane is typically represented as (SiO1.5)6.

Cyclohexasiloxane is a common ingredient in skincare and body care products, used to improve the texture of formulations.
While the texture is usually a sensory aspect of the product, in the case of cyclohexasiloxane, it helps the product to be evenly distributed so the key ingredients can improve the skin.
Cyclohexasiloxane also has the added benefit of acting as a protective barrier to the skin, protecting the skin from moisture loss, allergens, and bacteria.

Cyclohexasiloxane is a type of silicone.
Silicones are synthetic polymers with a backbone composed of repeating units of siloxane, which is why silicones may also be referred to as polysiloxanes.
Siloxane is made up of elemental silicon and oxygen.

Often, the terms 'silicone' and 'silicon' are mistakenly used interchangeably, when they are quite different.
Silicon is the 14th element on the periodic table and the second most abundant element in the earth’s crust after oxygen.
In contrast, silicones are always synthetically produced.

Cyclohexasiloxane is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclohexasiloxane, also known as D6, is an industrial chemical.
Cyclohexasiloxane is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and/or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1,000 to < 10,000 tonnes per annum.

Cyclohexasiloxane is a clear colorless liquid.
There is no known natural source of Cyclohexasiloxane.
Cyclohexasiloxane, also known as cyclohexasiloxane or D6, belongs to a group of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) with relatively low molecular weight (< 600 g/mol) and high vapor pressure.

Cyclohexasiloxane contains six repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a 'cyclic' structure.
The cyclosiloxanes octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and Cyclohexasiloxane (D6) are cyclic volatile methyl siloxane (cVMS) substances with four, five, and six siloxane groups, respectively.
A siloxane is a functional group in organosilicon chemistry with the Si−O−Si linkage.

The parent siloxanes include the oligomeric and polymeric hydrides with the formulae H(OSiH2)nOH and (OSiH2)n.
Siloxanes also include branched compounds, the defining feature of which is that each pair of silicon centres is separated by one oxygen atom.
The siloxane functional group forms the backbone of silicones, the premier example of which is polydimethylsiloxane.

The functional group R3SiO− (where the three Rs may be different) is called siloxy.
Cyclosiloxanes are basic members of the broad family of silicone materials.
All silicone materials share a common chemistry but each substance is different with regard to its properties and use.

D4, D5, and Cyclohexasiloxane are the three cyclosiloxanes in commercial production, and their use has been proven safe for human health and the environment.
Cyclohexasiloxane is part of a family of small silicones called Cyclohexasiloxane.
Cyclohexasiloxane are clear, odorless liquids utilized in skincare products to give your skincare a smooth texture that allows the product’s key ingredients to be delivered evenly to the skin.

Cyclohexasiloxane are part of the silicone family and are used in a similar way to dimethicone, which you may be familiar with.
Cyclohexasiloxane help smooth the texture of products, improve the appearance of scarring, increase the waterresistance abilities of formulations, and emulsify the product.
Cyclohexasiloxane are also better at delivering active ingredients to the skin as they are more volatile than larger silicones and slowly evaporate from the skin.

When Cyclohexasiloxane disappear, they leave behind the formulation’s key ingredients.
Cyclohexasiloxane are also known as Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, different names for the same class of molecules.
Cyclohexasiloxane, more commonly known as Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, contains six repeating units of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a cyclic structure.

When used as an intermediate during the manufacturing process, virtually all Cyclohexasiloxane is consumed with only a tiny amount remaining in final products.
Cyclohexasiloxane’s structure forms a ring which makes it more volatile or less stable.
This instability allows cyclohexasiloxane to evaporate when applied to your skin readily.

This characteristic makes cyclohexasiloxane a great ingredient for improving the spreadability of products and ensuring they don’t remain sticky after application.
Cyclohexasiloxane gradually evaporates from the skin, leaving behind the other key components in the product to improve the appearance of the skin.
This action of evaporation makes it an excellent carrier ingredient.

Cyclohexasiloxane belonging to the class of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes is identified as a potent environmental contaminant, most prominently found in biota, biosolid samples, soil, sediment samples, wastewaters, etc.
Cyclohexasiloxane are used as fragrance carriers or solvents in household products, personal care products, cleaning agents and as precursors in the manufacture of silicone polymers.

Cyclohexasiloxane is synthetically produced through a chemical process known as cyclotetramerization, where the precursor compound is subjected to high temperatures and catalysts to form the cyclic structure.
This process involves the controlled arrangement of silicon and oxygen atoms to create the cyclohexasiloxane molecule (D6).
The resulting clear, volatile liquid is then purified for use in cosmetics.

A lightfeeling, volatile (meaning it does not absorb into the skin but evaporates from it) silicone that gives skin a unique, silky and nongreasy feel.
Cyclohexasiloxane has excellent spreading properties and leaves no oily residue or buildup.
Cyclohexasiloxane is one of several forms of synthetic, cyclic (meaning the molecule is circular rather than straight or crosslinked) silicone used in cosmetic formulas to improve texture and enhance skin’s hydration.

Cyclohexasiloxane helps give skin care products a silkysmooth, spreadable consistency, so key ingredients can be delivered evenly to skin.
Cyclohexasiloxane is also known to promote aesthetically pleasing finishes that don’t feel sticky, tacky or greasy after application.
In hair care, it is used to add shine and reduce frizz.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or repacking, at industrial sites, and in manufacturing.
Cyclohexasiloxane is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Cyclohexasiloxane is likely to occur from: indoor use as a processing aid and outdoor use as a processing aid.

Cyclohexasiloxane can also be used as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants.
When Cyclohexasiloxane is used as an intermediate during the manufacturing process, virtually all Cyclohexasiloxane is consumed with only a tiny amount remaining in final products.
Cyclohexasiloxane can also be used as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and sunscreen, where Cyclohexasiloxane may be labeled 'Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane'.

Cyclohexasiloxane imparts several benefits in personal care formulations, such as silkiness for conditioners, extra volume in lip glosses, and easy application in deodorants.
This product has a Cyclohexasiloxane content of 94%.
Cyclosiloxanes are used in the manufacture of silicones, in combination or alone in personal care products, and as carriers, lubricants, and solvents in a variety of commercial applications.

Their use in cosmetics is one of their most important applications.
D5 and Cyclohexasiloxane are commonly used in cosmetics as emollients, hair and skin conditioning ingredients, and solvents.
The ingredients can be used in hair conditioning products where the product is washed off when used or in skincare products, personal deodorants, and color cosmetics where the product is left on the skin.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products, and semiconductors.
Cyclohexasiloxane is used in the following areas: health services and formulation of mixtures and/or repackaging.
Cyclohexasiloxane is found or used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products.

Cyclohexasiloxane is a silicone-based emollient.
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products, Cyclohexasiloxane can be used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Cyclohexasiloxanes are used as fragrance carriers or solvents in household products, personal care products, cleaning agents, and as precursors in the manufacture of silicone polymers.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclohexasiloxane is Used in dermal exposure.
Cyclohexasiloxane is used in cosmetic and personal care products.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
The most important worldwide use of Cyclohexasiloxane is as an ingredient in the formulation of personal care products and as an intermediate in the production of polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) silicone polymers.
The predominant use of Cyclohexasiloxane worldwide and in Canada is in blending and formulating consumer products and manufacturing silicone polymers.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used in personal care products such as hair/skin care products, antiperspirants and deodorants.
Biomedical uses of silicones include medical devices, blood-handling equipment, as a blood defoaming agent, as protective barriers, lubricants, and as surface treatment of wound dressings.
Silicone fluids containing Cyclohexasiloxane have also been approved as active and nonactive ingredients in pharmaceuticals in Canada, the most common use being in antiflatulence drugs.

Cyclohexasiloxane is also used in industrial processes (as a defoamer, surfactant in certain pesticide products); in lubricants, cleaning products, sealants, adhesives, waxes, polishes, and coatings.
Siloxanes are manmade and have many commercial and industrial applications because of the compounds’ hydrophobicity, low thermal conductivity, and high flexibility.
Cyclohexasiloxane is an odorless, colorless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production silicone rubbers, gels, and resins.

Cyclohexasiloxane can also be used as an ingredient in silicone mixtures used in cosmetic applications such as skin creams and deodorants, where D6 Siloxane may be labeled Cyclohexasiloxane.
In personal care products, cyclosiloxanes act as 'carriers,' allowing products to spread smoothly and easily and providing a silky feel during application.
Cyclohexasiloxane is an odorless, colorless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production silicone rubbers, gels, and resins.

As a raw material, cyclohexasiloxane is a colourless liquid.
Cyclohexasiloxane is described as a lightweight carrier ingredient since it evaporates from skin, leaving behind the formula’s key ingredients to work effectively.
This ingredient has been deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (their report looked at products using between 0.000448% cyclohexasiloxane).

Cyclohexasiloxane, as a silicone, improves the feel, appearance, and performance of skincare and cosmetic formulations.
Cyclohexasiloxane is a multifunctional ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations.
Cyclohexasiloxane helps to produce an even, smooth formulation that allows the product to spread evenly over the skin.

Cyclohexasiloxane prevents the product from catching on dry skin patches and evens skin tone by gliding over pores and wrinkles.
Cyclohexasiloxane ensures that all areas of the skin are receiving the key ingredients in your product.

Melting point: 3°C
Boiling point: 245 °C
Density: 0,959 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 4.7Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4015
Flash point: >76°C
storage temp.: 28°C
solubility: Chloroform (Sparingly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: liquid
color: Colourless
Specific Gravity: 0.9672
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Viscosity: 5.6mm2/s
Water Solubility: 5.1μg/L at 23℃
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,3403
Stability: Hygroscopic
LogP: 8.87 at 23.6℃

Cyclomethicone (mixture) and the specific chain length cyclic siloxanes (n = 47) reviewed in this safety assessment are cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane compounds.
These ingredients have the skin/hair conditioning agent function in common.
Silicone compounds D4 (cyclotetrasiloxane), D5 (cyclopentasiloxane), and Cyclohexasiloxane are often found in personal care products and flow into the environment along with wastewater.

They are also important source materials for certain silicones and are often found as residues in finished products.
Basic members of the broad family of silicone materials, all cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclopentasiloxane (D5), and Cyclohexasiloxane are volatile oils with a cyclic chemical structure and various properties.
They are widely used because of the smooth and refreshing feeling they create.

They are usually present in cosmetic products (makeup, cream, deodorant, etc.) and more widely in certain cleaning products or paints.
Organosiloxanes are widely used in personal care products because they provide desirable properties in cosmetic products.
These compounds are octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D5), and Cyclohexasiloxane (D6).

These compounds are cyclic methyl siloxane substances containing four, five, and six siloxane groups, respectively, and they have a mild and refreshing effect in cosmetic products.
Cyclohexasiloxane is a volatile substance due to its ringshaped structure.
This allows it to evaporate from the skin, leaving behind the product’s ‘active’ ingredients to work their magic.

Cyclohexasiloxane also helps to reduce the heaviness of other silicone ingredients.
Synthetic ingredients often have a bad reputation in the skincare world as they are considered not natural.
This plays into the idea that natural is always better, which isn’t always true.

Synthetic ingredients are usually safer than their plant or animalderived counterparts as they contain fewer impurities and are less complex, making them less likely to irritate.
They are also better for the environment as it doesn’t deplete a natural resource.
Cyclohexasiloxane, along with other Cyclohexasiloxane, were analyzed in a study published in Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclohexasiloxane’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.

Cyclohexasiloxane is colorless, odorless, nongreasy, and waterthin.
Cyclohexasiloxane doesn’t get absorbed into the skin. Rather, it evaporates quickly away from it.

This property makes it a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Cyclohexasiloxane also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows the product to spread more easily.

Uses
Cyclohexasiloxane used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclohexasiloxane is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Cyclohexasiloxane can be used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

The compound is classified as a Cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays, and skin care products.
Cyclohexasiloxane is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.

Cyclohexasiloxane is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclohexasiloxane is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products, approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.

10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of D5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclohexasiloxane in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to be 30,000 tonnes per year.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

Cyclohexasiloxane is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclohexasiloxane is also used as part of siliconebased personal lubricants. D5 is considered an emollient.
Cyclohexasiloxane is commonly used in cosmetics, skincare products, and hair care products as a lightweight, volatile silicone.

Cyclohexasiloxane can improve the texture and spreadability of creams and lotions, providing a smooth and silky feel to the skin and hair.
Cyclohexasiloxane is used as a lubricant and anti-foaming agent in industrial processes and machinery.
Cyclohexasiloxane may be used in certain pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery systems.

Cyclohexasiloxane serves as a precursor in the synthesis of more complex silicone compounds and polymers, which have a wide range of industrial applications.
Cyclohexasiloxane can be used as a solvent in chemical reactions, especially those involving silicon-based compounds.
Cyclohexasiloxane can be used in the production of silicone-based polymers, sealants, and coatings due to its ability to crosslink and provide flexibility and resistance to heat and moisture.

Cyclohexasiloxane serves as an excellent carrier for other active ingredients in a formulation, aiding in their penetration into the skin.
Its lightweight and noncomedogenic nature makes it ideal for moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens, providing a silky, smooth texture without clogging pores.
By creating a breathable barrier on the skin's surface, Cyclohexasiloxane helps in reducing water loss, enhancing hydration, and promoting a soft, supple complexion.

Cyclohexasiloxane contributes to smoother and more manageable hair.
Cyclohexasiloxane is commonly found in hair serums and conditioners, where it helps detangle and reduce frizz, resulting in silky, lustrous locks.
Due to its low viscosity, it spreads easily through the hair without leaving a heavy or greasy residue.

Cyclohexasiloxane also provides heat protection, making it beneficial for use with styling tools, such as flat irons and hairdryers, while minimizing damage and maintaining a sleek, polished appearance
Cyclohexasiloxane is found or used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products.
The predominant use of Cyclohexasiloxane worldwide and in Canada is in blending and formulating consumer products and manufacturing silicone polymers.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used in personal care products such as hair/skin care products, antiperspirants and deodorants.
Biomedical uses of silicones include medical devices, bloodhandling equipment, as a blood defoaming agent, as protective barriers, lubricants and as surface treatment of wound dressings.
Silicone fluids containing D6 have also been approved as active and nonactive ingredients in pharmaceuticals in Canada, the most common use being in antiflatulence drugs.

Cyclohexasiloxane is also used in industrial processes (as a defoamer, surfactant in certain pesticide products); in lubricants, cleaning products, sealants, adhesives, waxes, polishes and coatings.
Cyclohexasiloxane is not currently manufactured in Canada; however, it is imported into Canada.
Cyclohexasiloxane is used in the following products: polymers, washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals and polishes and waxes.

Cyclohexasiloxane has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Cyclohexasiloxane is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.

Cyclohexasiloxane is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Cyclohexasiloxane can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Safety And Environmental Considerations Of CYCLOHEXASILOXANE:
Cyclohexasiloxane is considered safe for cosmetic use when used as directed.
Cyclohexasiloxane has a low potential for skin irritation and is noncomedogenic, making it suitable for most skin types.

However, like many cosmetic ingredients, some individuals with hypersensitive skin may experience mild irritation.
A patch test is recommended prior to full application.

The environmental impacts of Cyclohexasiloxane and D4 have attracted attention because these compounds are pervasive.
Cyclic siloxanes have been detected in some species of aquatic life.
A scientific review in Canada has determined that “Siloxane Cyclohexasiloxane does not pose a danger to the environment” and a scientific assessment of D5 by the Australian government stated, the direct risks to aquatic life from exposure to these chemicals at expected surface water concentrations are not likely to be significant.

However, in the European Union, Cyclohexasiloxane was characterized as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) due to its PBT and vPvB properties and was thus included in the candidate list for authorisation.
Since 31 January 2020, Cyclohexasiloxane cannot be placed on the market in the European Union in washoff cosmetic products in a concentration equal to or greater than 0.1 % by weight

Synonyms
Cyclohexasiloxane
540976
Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl
Cyclomethicone 6
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12dodecamethyl1,3,5,7,9,11hexaoxa2,4,6,8,10,12hexasilacyclododecane
XHK3U310BA
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12Cyclohexasiloxane
EINECS 2087628
UNIIXHK3U310BA
HSDB 7723
EC 2087628
dodecamethyl cyclohexasiloxane
SCHEMBL93785
XIAMETER PMX0246
CYCLOHEXASILOXANE [INCI]
DTXSID6027183
IUMSDRXLFWAGNTUHFFFAOYSA
CHEBI:191103
IUMSDRXLFWAGNTUHFFFAOYSAN
CYCLOMETHICONE 6 [USPRS]
MFCD00144215
AKOS015839990
FS5671
Cyclohexasiloxane [MI]
Cyclohexasiloxane [HSDB]
D2040
Cyclohexasiloxane [WHODD]
FT0625566
S08515
T71035
Cyclohexasiloxane, analytical standard
A914553
Q27293843
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12Cyclohexasiloxane #
Cyclohexasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12dodecamethyl
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12Cyclohexasiloxane, 95%
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12Cyclohexasiloxane, AldrichCPR
Cyclomethicone 6, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12dodecamethyl1,3,5,7,9,11hexaoxa2,4,6,8,10,12hexa
D6
CYCLOHEXASILOXANE
Formaldehyde reaction products with branched nonylphenol and cyclohexylamine, ethoxylated CAS No:104376-68-3
CYCLOHEXYL AMINE ETHOXYLATED 
Cyclohexanamine; Aminocyclohexane; CHA; Cyclohexylamine; Hexahydrobenzenamine; Aminohexahydrobenzene; Hexahydroaniline; 1-Aminocyclohexane; 1-Cyclohexylamine CAS NO:108-91-8; 143247-75-0; 157973-60-
CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS)
DESCRIPTION:
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a rubber cure accelerator.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is also a known allergen and dermatological sensitizer.
Sensitivity to Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) may be identified with a clinical patch test.

CAS: 95-33-0
European Community (EC) Number: 202-411-2
IUPAC Name: N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)cyclohexanamine
Molecular Formula: C13H16N2S2


SYNONYMS OF CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS):
N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide,N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide,thiohexam,95-33-0,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide,Thiohexam,Sulfenax,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide,Accelerator CZ,Vulkacit CZ,Santocure,Curax,Durax,Sulfenamide Ts,Santocure Powder,Sulfenax TsB,Vulkacite CZ,Sulfenax CB,Santocure Pellets,Vulcafor CBS,Conac A,Conac S,Delac S,Ekagom CBS,Royal CBTS,Rhodifax 16,Sulfenax CB 30,Vulcafor hbs,Soxinol cz,Vulkacit c,Sulfenax cb/k,Vulkacit cz/c,Vulkacit cz/k,Nocceler CZ,Accicure HBS,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide,Pennac CBS,Sanceler CM-PO,2-(Cyclohexylaminothio)benzothiazole,2,Benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-cyclohexyl-,Benzothiazyl-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide,N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide,Cyclohexyl benzothiazolesulfenamide,N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)cyclohexanamine,Santocure vulcanization accelerator,CBTS,N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide,2-Benzenethiazolesulfenamide, N-cyclohexyl-,UCA53G94EV,DTXSID5020360,NSC-4809,S-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N-cyclohexylthiohydroxylamine,NCGC00159502-02,N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylthio)cyclohexanamine,Conac H,DTXCID50360,NSC 4809; Nocceler CZ; Accelerator CZ; Accicure HBS,Sufenax cb,CAS-95-33-0,SMR001798878,CCRIS 4910,HSDB 2868,NSC 4809,EINECS 202-411-2,UNII-UCA53G94EV,BRN 0192376,AI3-16782,Vulkacit cz/eg,Perkacit CBS,Akrochem CBTS,Ekaland CBS,Sanceler CM-G,Banac CBS,Vulkacit CZ/EG-C,CBS, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide,EC 202-411-2,SCHEMBL80270,4-27-00-01867 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),MLS004773968,MLS006010082,CHEMBL1591074,DEQZTKGFXNUBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-,NSC4809,Cyclohexylbenzothiazyl sulphenamide,Cyclohexylbenzothiazolylsulphenamide,Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide,N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazoylsulfenamide,N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazyl sulphenamide,Tox21_111721,Tox21_202436,Tox21_302924,MFCD00022872,AKOS003658709,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzthiazyl sulfenamide,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzthiazyl sulfonamide,DB14200,HY-W020755,WLN: T56 BN DSJ CSM- AL6TJ,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfonamide,N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide,NCGC00159502-03,NCGC00159502-04,NCGC00256366-01,NCGC00259985-01,AS-15575,N-CYCLOHEXYLBENZOTHIAZYL-SULPHENAMIDE,CS-0040170,FT-0631486,E80913,EN300-7402242,2-(CYCLOHEXYLAMINOTHIO)BENZOTHIAZOLE [HSDB],Q4445828,W-100165,BRD-K64191834-001-03-1,S-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-cyclohexylthiohydroxylamine,S-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-cyclohexylthiohydroxylamine #,[(3aS,4R,9S,10aS)-2-amino-5,10,10-trihydroxy-6-imino-9-sulfooxy-3a,4,8,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]purin-4-yl]methoxycarbonylsulfamic acid,InChI=1/C13H16N2S2/c1-2-6-10(7-3-1)15-17-13-14-11-8-4-5-9-12(11)16-13/h4-5,8-10,15H,1-3,6-7H2, N,N'-bis-(1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)-p-phenylenediamine; N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazyl sulfenamide; CBTS, CBS; Cyclohexylbenzothiazyl sulfenamide; N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide; Santocure; N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl) 1,4-benzenediamine; N,N-di(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine; eastozone 33; eastozone; tenamene; santoflex 77; Vulkanox 4030, 2-(Cyclohexylaminothio)benzothiazole;Accelerator CZ;AccicureHBS;Banac CBS;Benzothiazyl-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide;CBS;CBS (accelerator);CBTS;Conac A;Conac S;Delac S;Ekagom CBS;N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide;N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulphenamide;N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide;N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide;NSC 4809;Nocceler CZ-G;Nocceler CZ-P;Pennac CBS;Rhodifax 16;Accel CZ;2-Benzothiazolesulfenic acid N-cyclohexylamide;Sanceler CM;Royal CBTS;Sanceler CM-G;Santocure;Santocure CBS;Sulfenamide Ts;Sulfenax;SulfenaxCB;Sulfenax CB 30;Vulkacit C;Vulkacit CZ/C;Vulkacit CZ/EG;Vulkacit CZ/EG-C;


N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.
The physiologic effect of n-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity.

This is a chemical used as a rubber accelerator and can be found in rubber products.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS).


N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) holds a prominent position in the realm of organic compounds, finding extensive utilization in rubber vulcanization and as an accelerator in the rubber industry.
Derived from benzothiazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) manifests as a white, odorless crystalline powder.
The function of N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) lies in its ability to expedite the vulcanization process of rubber compounds.
Acting as an activator, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the cross-linking of rubber molecules, leading to the production of a robust and enduring rubber product.
Moreover, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) heightens the reactivity between rubber molecules and sulfur, facilitating a more uniform and comprehensive vulcanization process.


USES OF CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS):
N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) is used as Intermediate in organic synthesis.
N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) is used as Accelerator in natural and styrene-butadienethiazyl sulfenamide rubber.
N-Cyclohexylbenzo[d]thiazole-2-sulfonamide is useful for the production of sulfur-modified chloroprene rubber.

N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide CBS (CZ) is a sulfenamide accelerator for use in the production of vulcanized rubbers, sealants and a wide range of other applications.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide is provided as a grey-white powder or granule and has a high curing rate with excellent scorching properties.



METHODS OF MANUFACTURING OF CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS):
N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide (CBTS) is derived from the reaction of accelerator M (2-thiol benzothiazole) with cyclohexylamin added dropwise under stirring to obtain a crude product.
The solid material is separated, washed with water to neutrality, and dried below 75°C to obtain a finished product.
Raw material consumption (kg/t) accelerator M (95%) 745 cyclohexylamine (95%) 500




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS)

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product






CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS):
Molecular Weight
264.4 g/mol
XLogP3-AA
4.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
4
Rotatable Bond Count
3
Exact Mass
264.07549087 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
264.07549087 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
78.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count
17
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
244
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Molecular FormulaC13H16N2S2
Average mass264.409 Da
Monoisotopic mass264.075500 Da
ChemSpider ID6962
Melting point, 93-100°C
Boiling point, 410.4±28.0 °C(Predicted)
Density, 1.31~1.34g/cm3
vapor pressure, 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index, 1.5700 (estimate)
storage temp., Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility, Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly), Ethyl Acetatae (Slightly)
form, Solid
pka, 0.59±0.10(Predicted)
color, Pale Yellow to Light Beige
Water Solubility, Insoluble
InChIKey, DEQZTKGFXNUBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP, 5 at 25℃
Name, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, EINECS, 202-411-2
CAS No., 95-33-0, Density, 1.26 g/cm3
PSA, 78.46000, LogP, 4.61660
Solubility, Insoluble in water, Melting Point, 93-100 °C
Formula, C13H16N2S2, Boiling Point, 410.4 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight, 264.415, Flash Point, 202 °C

PSA:
78.5
XLogP3:
5.32
Appearance:
DryPowder; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals
Density:
1.27 g/cm3
Melting Point:
93-100 °C
Boiling Point:
410.4±28.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point:
202.0±24.0 °C
Refractive Index:
1.665
Water Solubility:
INSOL IN WATER; SOL IN BENZENE



CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS)

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a crystalline compound with a pale yellow to light brown color.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is widely recognized as a key accelerator in the vulcanization process of rubber.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) plays a pivotal role in enhancing the mechanical properties of rubber products.

Chemical Formula: C13H16N2S2
CAS Number: 95-33-0
EC Number: 202-411-2

Synonyms: CBTS, CBS, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, Benzothiazyl-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide, Benzothiazole-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide, 2-(Cyclohexylaminothio)benzothiazole, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolyl sulfenamide, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide, 2-(Cyclohexylaminothio)benzothiazole, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulphenamide, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazol-2-sulfenamide, 2-(Cyclohexylthio)benzothiazole, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylthioformamide, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazolyl-2-sulfenamide, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazol-2-sulfenamide, Accicure HBS, Accitard, Altax, Conacure CBS, Cusal C, Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, Cyclicthiozylsulfenamide, Delac NS, Delac NS (accelerator), Ekagom CBS, Haltocur CBS, Naugex CBS, Naugex CBS (accelerator), Nocceler CZ, Nocceler CZ (vulcanization accelerator), Pennac CBS, Perkacit CBS, Perkacit CZ, Rhenogran CBS, Royal CBTS, Santocure CBS, Sancure CBS, Sirantox CZ, Thiazone C, Thiazone C (accelerator), TMTM-CBS, Tetrone A, Usaflex CZ, Usaflex CZ (accelerator), Vulkacit CZ, Vulkacit CZ (accelerator), Vulkacit NZ, Vulkafor CZ, Vulkalent CZ, Vulkalent NZ, Vulkazon CBS, Vulkazon CZ, Vulkazon NS, Vulkazit CZ, Vulkazit CZ (accelerator), Accel CBS, Accel CBS (accelerator), Aceto CT, Aceto CZ, Altax CBS, Benzothiazyl-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide, CBS (accelerator), CBS (vulcanization accelerator), Conacure CBS (accelerator)



APPLICATIONS


Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is extensively used as an accelerator in the production of rubber goods.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a key component in the manufacturing of automotive tires to improve their performance and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the vulcanization process of rubber, enhancing its elasticity and strength.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is crucial in the production of conveyor belts for industrial applications, ensuring robustness and wear resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the formulation of seals and gaskets to maintain tight seals in various mechanical systems.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber hoses for automotive and industrial applications, ensuring flexibility and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in footwear, including shoes and boots, to improve their resilience.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the production of rubber components for machinery and equipment, enhancing their mechanical properties.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) plays a role in the manufacturing of rubberized fabrics used in rainwear and protective clothing.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber compounds used in the construction of sporting goods such as balls and mats for their durability.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the production of rubber coatings and linings for tanks and containers to prevent corrosion.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of industrial rubber rollers for their resistance to wear and tear.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the vulcanization of rubber used in marine applications, including boat fenders and dock bumpers.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is crucial in the production of agricultural rubber products such as hoses and belts for their resilience.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the manufacturing of rubber components for electrical insulation due to its dielectric properties.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber compounds used in medical devices and equipment for its biocompatibility.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) enhances the performance of rubber seals and gaskets used in food processing equipment.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in aerospace applications for its reliability under extreme conditions.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber vibration isolators and dampeners for machinery and equipment.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the formulation of rubber components used in building construction for its durability.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber compounds used in mining applications, including conveyor belts and hoses.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber components for automotive suspension systems to improve performance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the manufacturing of rubber seals and O-rings for automotive and mechanical systems.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in household appliances such as washing machine seals.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is essential across various industries where rubber products require enhanced mechanical properties and performance.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber flooring and mats for gyms and playgrounds due to its impact resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber components in the automotive industry, such as engine mounts and suspension bushings, for vibration damping.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the vulcanization process of rubber used in the production of railway track pads and ties for durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the manufacturing of inflatable products like air mattresses and balloons for their strength and elasticity.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the formulation of rubber diaphragms and membranes used in pumps and valves for chemical resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) plays a role in the production of rubber components for industrial machinery, ensuring reliability and longevity.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber sheets and liners for agricultural applications, including irrigation systems and silage pits.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in the production of insulation materials for electrical cables and wiring harnesses.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) enhances the performance of rubber seals and gaskets used in HVAC systems for their sealing effectiveness.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber compounds used in the construction of bridges and infrastructure for weather resistance and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the vulcanization of rubber used in the production of footwear components such as soles and heels.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the formulation of rubber parts for bicycles and motorcycles, including tires and inner tubes.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the production of rubber gloves and protective clothing for its barrier properties against chemicals and contaminants.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber compounds used in the production of marine equipment such as seals and gaskets for saltwater resistance.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is crucial in the formulation of rubber components used in the aerospace industry, including seals and insulation.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in the production of seals and gaskets for automotive engines and transmissions.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the manufacturing of rubber pads and buffers for construction equipment to absorb shock and vibration.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the production of rubber components for consumer electronics, including keypads and seals for water resistance.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is added to rubber formulations for medical devices such as surgical gloves and tubing for biocompatibility.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in the production of industrial belts and hoses for conveying fluids and materials.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the formulation of rubber components for recreational vehicles and trailers, including tires and suspension parts.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) plays a role in the production of rubber seals and gaskets used in oil and gas exploration and drilling equipment.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) enhances the performance of rubber components used in the manufacture of household appliances such as washing machines and dishwashers.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the curing of rubber used in the production of protective gear and apparel for sports and outdoor activities.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is indispensable in a wide range of industries where rubber products are essential for performance, safety, and reliability.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) formulations are carefully optimized to meet specific requirements for different rubber applications.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) acts as a sulfur donor during vulcanization, contributing to enhanced heat resistance of rubber.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is integral in the production of tires, seals, gaskets, and industrial rubber components.
The chemical properties of CBTS make it suitable for high-performance rubber products.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) undergoes controlled chemical reactions during vulcanization, leading to robust rubber networks.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) formulations are tailored to improve the processing and performance of rubber goods.
The use of CBTS in rubber compounding ensures superior mechanical properties and longevity.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is essential in achieving consistent curing characteristics in rubber manufacturing processes.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is handled and stored with care due to its reactivity and potential health hazards.

The versatile applications of CBTS extend to various sectors requiring durable rubber materials.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is indispensable in modern rubber technology for its role in enhancing product performance and longevity.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a crystalline compound with a pale yellow to light brown color.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is widely recognized as a key accelerator in the vulcanization process of rubber.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) plays a pivotal role in enhancing the mechanical properties of rubber products.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) accelerates the cross-linking of rubber molecules, thereby improving elasticity and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is sparingly soluble in water but dissolves readily in organic solvents like acetone and benzene.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) has a distinct chemical structure characterized by a benzothiazole ring with a cyclohexylamine group.

The use of Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) in rubber formulations helps in reducing curing times during manufacturing.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) facilitates the formation of sulfur cross-links within rubber, crucial for its strength and resilience.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed across various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and consumer goods.
Rubber compounds containing CBTS exhibit excellent heat aging properties.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is known for its compatibility with both natural and synthetic rubbers.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) enhances the tensile strength and tear resistance of vulcanized rubber products.

The chemical stability of CBTS ensures consistent performance under diverse environmental conditions.
Manufacturers rely on CBTS to achieve uniform quality and reliability in rubber manufacturing.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Pale yellow to light brown crystalline powder
Odor: Slight characteristic odor
Melting Point: Approximately 95-105°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: Approximately 1.31 g/cm³
Solubility in Water: Sparingly soluble
Solubility in Solvents: Soluble in organic solvents like acetone, benzene, ethanol
Vapor Pressure: Negligible (low volatility)
Particle Size: Typically micron-sized particles
Flash Point: Not applicable (non-flammable)
Autoignition Temperature: Not determined


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C13H16N2S2
Molecular Weight: 264.41 g/mol
Structure: Benzothiazole ring with a cyclohexylamine group attached to the sulfur atom
Acidity/Basicity: Neutral compound
Purity: Typically high purity for industrial applications
Hygroscopicity: Low moisture absorption
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions
Reactivity: Reacts with accelerators and sulfur during rubber vulcanization
Compatibility: Compatible with other rubber chemicals and processing aids
Photostability: Stable under normal light conditions



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If CBTS dust or vapors are inhaled, immediately move the affected person to fresh air.

Provide Oxygen:
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen support if trained personnel are available.

Seek Medical Attention:
Even if symptoms are mild or absent, seek medical evaluation as CBTS inhalation can irritate the respiratory tract.


Skin Contact:
Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Quickly remove any contaminated clothing and footwear.

Wash Skin:
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes to remove any CBTS.

Seek Medical Advice:
If irritation, redness, or rash develops, seek medical attention promptly.

Apply Moisturizer:
After washing, apply a soothing moisturizer to the affected area to alleviate discomfort.


Eye Contact:

Flush with Water:
Immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If present and easily removable, remove contact lenses after the initial flush.

Seek Medical Attention:
Even if there are no immediate symptoms, seek medical evaluation to ensure no eye damage has occurred.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse Mouth:
If CBTS is swallowed and the person is conscious, rinse their mouth thoroughly with water.

Drink Water:
Have the person drink plenty of water to dilute any swallowed CBTS.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.


Notes for Medical Personnel:

Symptom Management:
Treat symptoms based on the individual's condition, including respiratory support if necessary.

Skin Irritation:
Provide supportive care for skin irritation or allergic reactions with appropriate medications or treatments.

Eye Irrigation:
Continue eye irrigation until medical personnel arrive for further evaluation.

Monitor for Delayed Reactions:
Monitor the individual for any delayed reactions, especially if exposure symptoms are mild initially.



HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling of CBTS:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE including safety goggles, gloves, and protective clothing to prevent skin contact and inhalation of CBTS dust.
Use respiratory protection (e.g., dust mask or respirator) if handling CBTS in powdered form or in poorly ventilated areas.

Handling Practices:
Avoid generating dust: Handle CBTS in a manner that minimizes dust formation.
Use closed systems or local exhaust ventilation to capture dust at the source.
Use tools and equipment designed for handling powders to minimize spills and airborne particles.
Prevent contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
In case of skin contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands and any exposed skin areas thoroughly after handling CBTS, especially before eating, drinking, smoking, or using the restroom.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where CBTS is handled to prevent ingestion.

Compatibility:
Store and handle CBTS away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents, acids, and alkalis.
Ensure containers are tightly sealed when not in use to prevent contamination and exposure.

Static Electricity:
CBTS powders can generate static electricity.
Ground equipment and containers to minimize the risk of static discharge.

Spills and Cleanup:
Clean up spills immediately using methods that minimize dust generation (e.g., damp cloth, vacuum cleaner equipped with HEPA filter).
Dispose of spilled material according to local regulations and safety procedures.

Storage of Empty Containers:
Empty containers may retain residue. Handle empty containers with care and follow appropriate cleaning and disposal procedures.


Storage of CBTS:

Storage Conditions:
Store CBTS in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Maintain storage temperatures between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F) to prevent degradation and maintain product stability.
Store in tightly closed containers to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.

Container Requirements:
Use containers made of compatible materials such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass.
Ensure containers are labeled with appropriate hazard symbols, product information, and handling instructions.

Ventilation:
Provide adequate ventilation in storage areas to disperse any airborne dust and maintain air quality.

Separation:
Store CBTS away from food, beverages, animal feed, and other consumables to prevent contamination.

Inventory Control:
Implement a first-in, first-out (FIFO) inventory system to ensure older stock is used first, minimizing storage time and potential degradation.

Security:
Restrict access to storage areas to authorized personnel only.
Store CBTS in a secure location to prevent unauthorized handling or theft.
CYCLOHEXYL BENZOTHIAZOLE SULFENAMIDE (CBTS)

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a high-performance rubber accelerator widely used in the rubber industry to improve the vulcanization process.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is known for its ability to enhance the physical properties of rubber products, including elasticity and durability.
The chemical formula for Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is C13H16N2S2, and it is commonly used in various industrial applications due to its effective properties.

CAS Number: 95-33-0
EC Number: 202-411-2

Synonyms: N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide, CBS, Cyclohexylbenzothiazole sulfenamide, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, Santocure CBS, Accelerator CBS, 2-Benzothiazolesulfenamide, Vulcanization accelerator CBS, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazol-2-ylsulfenamide, CBS Accelerator, Cyclohexylbenzothiazole sulfenamide, Cyclohexylbenzothiazol-2-ylsulfenamide



APPLICATIONS


Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is extensively used as a primary accelerator in the vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubbers.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a preferred choice in the production of tires, providing excellent scorch safety and fast curing.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the manufacturing of industrial rubber products, including hoses, belts, and seals, enhancing their durability.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is widely used in the production of automotive rubber components, such as gaskets and weatherstrips, ensuring optimal performance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the formulation of rubber compounds for footwear, providing superior flexibility and wear resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the rubber industry for the production of conveyor belts, enhancing their strength and longevity.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the production of rubberized fabrics, improving their elasticity and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a key component in the manufacturing of rubber-based adhesives and sealants, providing enhanced bonding strength.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the formulation of specialty rubber compounds for industrial applications, ensuring consistent quality and performance.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the creation of high-performance rubber products for the construction industry, including rubber mats and protective coatings.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber sheets and films, enhancing their flexibility and tensile strength.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the manufacturing of rubber insulation materials, providing improved thermal stability and resistance to aging.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is found in the production of rubber seals and O-rings, ensuring their long-term performance and resistance to environmental factors.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the automotive industry for the production of high-performance rubber hoses, contributing to their durability and heat resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the formulation of rubber compounds for vibration dampening products, providing excellent shock absorption.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the production of specialty rubber compounds used in the aerospace industry, enhancing their performance under extreme conditions.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the manufacturing of rubber components for marine applications, ensuring their resistance to saltwater and UV exposure.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is found in the production of rubber grommets and bushings, providing improved elasticity and wear resistance.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the creation of rubber linings for industrial equipment, enhancing their resistance to abrasion and chemicals.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber components for mining applications, providing superior durability and impact resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the formulation of rubber compounds for high-pressure hydraulic seals, ensuring their long-term performance.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber profiles for construction joints, providing enhanced sealing properties and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the manufacturing of rubber components for railways, contributing to their resistance to wear and environmental factors.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the production of rubber components for oil and gas exploration, ensuring their performance under high-pressure conditions.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is found in the formulation of rubber compounds for industrial rollers, providing improved wear resistance and load-bearing capacity.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the creation of specialty rubber compounds for high-temperature applications, ensuring their stability and performance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a key component in the production of rubber components for heavy machinery, enhancing their durability and resistance to harsh environments.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the production of rubber components for industrial valves, providing improved sealing properties and chemical resistance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the formulation of rubber compounds for electrical insulation, ensuring their long-term stability and performance.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the production of rubber belts and drive systems, enhancing their flexibility and load-bearing capacity.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is found in the manufacturing of rubber components for the food and beverage industry, ensuring their compliance with safety standards.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the formulation of rubber compounds for medical applications, providing biocompatibility and durability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is employed in the creation of rubber linings for storage tanks, ensuring their resistance to chemical corrosion.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is utilized in the production of rubber components for agricultural machinery, enhancing their durability and performance in demanding conditions.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is used in the formulation of rubber compounds for high-performance automotive parts, providing enhanced resistance to heat and wear.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a key ingredient in the production of rubber components for the electronics industry, ensuring their long-term stability and performance.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a high-performance rubber accelerator widely used in the rubber industry to improve the vulcanization process.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is known for its ability to enhance the physical properties of rubber products, including elasticity and durability.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a versatile chemical compound used in various rubber applications.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) provides excellent scorch safety, allowing for extended processing times without compromising the quality of the final product.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is essential in the production of high-performance rubber products, contributing to their strength and resistance to wear.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is widely used in the automotive industry, where it enhances the performance and durability of rubber components.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is also employed in the manufacturing of industrial rubber products, including hoses, seals, and gaskets, ensuring their long-term reliability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a critical accelerator in the vulcanization process, providing optimal curing and improving the overall quality of rubber compounds.

Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is recognized for its stability and effectiveness in a wide range of rubber applications, from automotive components to industrial products.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is essential in the formulation of specialty rubber compounds, providing consistent performance and reliability.
Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is a key ingredient in the production of rubber materials used in demanding environments, ensuring their resistance to extreme conditions.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C13H16N2S2
Common Name: Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Off-white to pale yellow powder
Density: 1.26 g/cm³
Melting Point: 96-104°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in benzene, acetone, and chloroform
Flash Point: 233°C
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; decomposes at high temperatures
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store below 25°C in a dry, well-ventilated area
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

Eye Contact:
Flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of dust or vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS).
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Avoid generating dust. Sweep up and collect the material for disposal in a sealed container.

Storage:
Store Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid generating dust or aerosols.
Ground and bond containers during transfer operations to prevent static electricity buildup.
Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in areas where dust or vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBTS) to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of hazardous materials.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
CyclohexylamineCyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class. It is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants. It has a fishy odor and is miscible with water. Like other amines, it is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.It is a useful intermediate in the production of many other organic compounds (e.g cyclamate)PreparationCyclohexylamine is produced by two routes, the main one being the complete hydrogenation of aniline using some cobalt- or nickel-based catalysts:C6H5NH2 + 3 H2 → C6H11NH2It is also prepared by alkylation of ammonia using cyclohexanol.ApplicationsCyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds. It is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization. It is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators). The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor. Some sweeteners are derived from this amine, notably cyclamate. The herbicide hexazinone and the anesthetic hexylcaine are derived from cyclohexylamine.ToxicityLD50 (rat; p.o.) = 0.71 ml/kgIt is corrosive. Cyclohexylamine is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. It has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.[6]The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has suggested workers not be exposed to a recommended exposure limit of over 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) over an eight-hour workshift.Cyclohexylamine appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia. Flash point 90°F. Irritates the eyes and respiratory system. Skin contact may cause burns. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.On distillation with water, cyclohexylamine forms azeotropic mixt, boiling @ 96.4 °C @ 760 mm Hg; reacts with excess ammonia and zinc chloride @ 350 °C to produce alpha-picoline.Cyclohexylamine showed dose dependent kinetics after administration of single oral doses of 35, 200, or 500 mg/kg in rats, with a reduction in plasma clearance from 37 to 24 ml/min/kg, an increase in apparent half-life from 11.8 to 12 hr, and an increased area under the testicular concentration vs time curve. Saturation of cyclohexylamine uptake by rat renal cortical slices in vitro and of renal tubular secretion in vivo occurred at concentrations and doses comparable to the oral dose studies. Cyclohexylamine clearance from a 10 mg/kg infusion was 2.58 + or - 1.13 ml/min and from a 200 mg/kg infusion, 2.49 + or - 1.65 ml/min. The cyclohexylamine to inulin clearance ratios were 2 at a dose of 10 mg/kg and 1.23 at a dose of 200 mg/kg. During chronic dietary administration the concentrations of cyclohexylamine in the plasma and testes showed a pronounced diurnal variation in rats, reaching a peak concentration at the end of the dark cycle at 6 AM (6.3 + or - 1.5 ug/ml in plasma an 45.7 + or - 3.4 ug/g in testes). The lowest concentrations of cyclohexylamine were at 9 PM (1.5 + of - 0.5 ug/ml in plasma and 10.9 + or - 3.6 ug/g in testes). The steady state plasma clearance was 33 ml/min/kg. The concentrations of cyclohexylamine in the plasma and testes of rats showed a nonlinear relationship to dietary intake. Elevated concentrations were found at intake greater than 200 mg/kg/day.Generally, cyclohexylamine, is readily absorbed & rapidly excreted from the body. After admin to rats, cyclohexylamine appears in body tissues with the highest concn in the lungs, spleen, liver, adrenals, heart, GI tract & kidneys.After oral admin (0.2 g/kg) to rabbits, cyclohexylamine gave rise to unchanged cyclohexylamine & N-hydroxycyclohexylamine in the urine. When C14-labeled cyclohexylamine was admin, 68% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine after 60 hr. A small amount (0.5%) was eliminated in the breath & 45% of the admin dose was shown to be excreted in the urine as unconjugated cyclohexylamine, 0.2% as N-hydroxycyclohexylamine in conjugated form, & 2.5% as cyclohexanone oxime. The authors postulated the latter metabolite to be an artifact formed form the glucuronide of N-hydroxycyclohexylamine during the hydrolysis procedure.The metabolites identified indicated that in rats, the metabolism of cyclohexylamine was mainly through hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring, in man by deamination & in guinea pigs & rabbits by ring hydroxylation & deamination. The metabolites to cyclohexylamine were excreted in both free & conjugated forms.Most of the cyclohexylamine given by gavage or intraperitoneal injection to rats and guinea pigs was excreted unchanged, and only 4-5% was metabolized within 24 hours. In rabbits, 30% was metabolized. Cyclohexylamine has been reported to be metabolized further to cyclohexanone and then to cyclohexanol in guinea pigs, rabbits and rats. A number of hydroxylated products of cyclohexylamine have been reported in these species, which were excreted in part as glucuronides.Orally administration cyclamate appears to be readily absorbed by rabbits but less readily by guinea pigs, rats and humans. All of these species convert cyclamate to cyclohexylamine, via the action of gastrointestinal microflora on unabsorbed cyclamate. The metabolism of cyclohexylamine to other products differs somewhat in humans and other species, although most cyclohexylamine is rapidly excreted unchanged in the urine. In rats, it is metabolized mainly by hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring; in humans, it is metabolized by deamination; and in guinea pigs and rabbits, it is metabolized by ring hydroxylation and deamination.Mice were fed cyclohexylamine (as the hydrochloride) at a constant intake of 400 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. Food intake and body weight gain were not affected. The metabolism of (14)C labeled cyclohexylamine administered as a single oral dose (2 uCi per mouse) was not significantly different among animals chronically fed cyclohexylamine for 0, 3, 7, or 13 weeks. The major metabolite produced was 3-aminocyclohexanol; total metabolism was less than 2%. ... Concentrations of cyclohexylamine in plasma (ug/ml) after 3 weeks feeding were 0.20; after 7 weeks 0.18; and after 13 weeks, 4.51 + or - 2.94. Concentrations of the chemical in testes (ug/g wet weight) varied from 6.81 + or - 5.21 at 3 weeks to 4.51 + or - 2.94 at 13 weeks.Wistar and DA rats were fed cyclohexylamine (as the hydrochloride) at constant intake of 400 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. The metabolism of (14)C-labeled cyclohexylamine administered as a single oral dose (8 uCi per rat) was similar for both strains of rat, with no consistent effect due to age or prolonged feeding with cyclohexylamine. However, there was reduced elimination of (14)C in the treated Wistar and DA rats compared to that in the controls during the first 6 hr after dosing; the difference was statistically significant at 3 weeks in both strains and at 13 weeks in the DA strain. The major metabolites produced were 3- and 4-aminocyclohexanols; at 13 weeks the total metabolism was 17% to 18% for the Wistar rats, 4% to 6% in the DA rats. After 13 weeks, testicular atrophy was demonstrated in both strains of rat fed cyclohexylamine; DA rats appeared more sensitive to testicular toxicity than the Wistar rats. Concentrations of cyclohexylamine and its metabolites in plasma and in testicular tissue were higher in Wistar rats than in DA rats.Cyclohexylamine can be formed to a variable extent by microbial biotransformation of cyclamate in the gastrointestinal tract of all species studied; after absorption, it is further metabolized to several compounds that are excreted in the urine.Cyclohexylamine showed dose dependent kinetics after administration of single oral doses of 35, 200 or 500 mg/kg in mice, with a reduction in plasma clearance from 61 to 53 ml/min/kg, an increase in apparent half-life from 1.4 to 3.5 hr, and an increased area under the testicular concentration vs time curve. During chronic dietary administration the concentrations of cyclohexylamine in the plasma and testes showed little diurna variation. The steady state plasma clearance was 65 ml/min/kg. The concentrations of cyclohexylamine in the plasma and testes of the mice showed a linear relationship to dietary intake, even at the highest intake, about 900 mg/kg/day.Prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temp and pressures. Fractionation of crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unchanged aniline, and high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine (cyclohexylaniline) and dicyclohexylamine.CHEMICAL PROFILE: Cyclohexylamine. Boiler water treatment, 70%; rubber chemicals, 17%; chain terminator, 6%; miscellaneous, including oilfield corrosion inhibitors, photographic chemicals, catalysts, intermediates and metal extraction, 7%.Cyclohexylamine. Boiler water treatment, 60%; rubber chemicals, 12%; nylon chain terminator, 10%; agricultural chemicals, 10%; miscellaneous (including oilfield corrosion inhibitors, photographic chemicals, catalysts, intermediates, metal extraction and exports), 8%.Cyclohexylamine. Demand: 1986: 9.2 million lb; 1987: 9.4 million lb; 991 /projected/: 10.4 million lb.AOAC Method 971.17. Cyclohexylamine in Cyclamates and Artificially Sweetened Products by Infrared Spectrophotometric Method.ASTM Method D4983. Standard Test Method for Cyclohexylamine, Morpholine, and Diethylaminoethanol in Water and Condensed Steam by Direct Aqueous Injection Gas Chromatography.Warning: Cyclohexylamine is an alkaline-corrosive agent. Contact with eyes may result in severe damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and blood vessels. Caution is advised. Signs and Symptoms of Cyclohexylamine Exposure: Acute exposure to cyclohexylamine may result in irritation and burning of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Light-headedness, drowsiness, slurred speech, pupillary dilation, increased salivation, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), abdominal pain, and spontaneous vomiting may occur. Stridor (high-pitched, noisy respirations), dyspnea (shortness of breath), and pulmonary edema are also common. Apathy and mental confusion may develop, with progression to coma and death. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to cyclohexylamine exposure may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cyclohexylamine. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cyclohexylamine. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 30 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas for at least 15 minutes with water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize! 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Activated charcoal is of no value. 5. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert. 6. Transport to a health care facility.This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Cyclohexylamine is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Cyclohexylamine is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 10,000 lbs.Cyclohexylamine (CAS # 108-91-8) was evaluated for acute dermal toxicity in solitary male and female New Zealand albino rabbits alternately administered single undiluted dermal applications of 398, 631, 1000, and 1580 mg/kg bodyweight for 24 hours. Clinical signs were observed at all dose levels and included reduced appetite and activity, increasing weakness and collapse. The 1000 mg/kg male and the 1580 mg/kg female both died within 16 hours of treatment, while solitary male and female rabbits of the 398 and 631 mg/kg doses, respectively, saw resolution of all pharmacotoxic signs within 5-7 days. Upon necropsy, the high dose study lethalities were found with lung and liver hyperemia, dark spleen and kidneys, and enlarged gall bladder, while the viscera of the male and female surviving 14-day post-treatment observation appeared normal.Cyclohexylamine (CAS # 108-91-8) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity in groups of 10 female Swiss-Webster mice administered single peroral doses of 5.0, 6.0, 6.5, 7.5, and 10.0 cc/kg bodyweight (1:10 in 0.5% methylcellulose). Study mortality was comprised of 1/10, 2/10, 4/10, 6/10, and 8/10 of successive incremental dosage groups, respectively, consistent with a LD50 of 730 mg/kg (95% C.L. = 640-830). Death occurred from 1/4 to 2 hours after treatment. Clinical signs of a systemic toxicity included hypokinesis, dyspnea, hyperpnea, diarrhea, diuresis, ptosis, piloerection, salivation, lacrimation, occult blood in urine and feces, cyanosis, somnolence, cachexia, weight loss, and hyperkinesis, random biting and chewing, ataxia, jerking, tremors, opisthotonos, irritability, limb abduction, paralysis, tail erection, hypothermia, clonic convulsions, tonic convulsions, increased and/or decreased muscle tone. Treatment was also associated with vocalization, tissue irritation to necrosis, writhing, self-decimation, and quiet death.Cyclohexylamine was evaluated for acute oral toxicity in groups of 10 female Swiss-Webster mice administered single peroral cyclohexylamine.HCl (10% solution in 0.5% methylcellulose) at doses of 400, 500, 600, 750, 850, 1250, and 1500 mg/kg. Treatment was associated with mortality in 0/10, 3/10, 6/10, 8/10, 9/10, 9/10, and 10/10 of successive incremental dosage groups, respectively, consistent with a LD50 of 530 mg/kg (95% C.L. 441-637). At doses of 400 mg/kg, mice exhibited clinical signs of toxicity including increased activity, increased respiration, tail erection, salivation, irritability, jerking, clonic convulsions, and death at 1-18 hours following treatment.Cyclohexylamine was evaluated for dermal irritation in 6 male rabbits each exposed with 0.5 ml on 2 abraded and 2 intact dermal application sites. All intact and abraded sites were charred black such that investigators characterized cyclohexylamine as extremely irritating and destructive on dermal exposure.Cyclohexylamine's production and use as a corrosion inhibitor in boiling water treatment facilities and chemical intermediate in the manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps and acid gas absorbents may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 10.1 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates cyclohexylamine will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclohexylamine as a free base will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 hours. If released to soil, cyclohexylamine is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 150. The pKa of cyclohexylamine is 10.6, indicating that this compound will exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces will not be an important fate process because the cation is not expected to volatilize. Cyclohexylamine may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation is expected to occur in soils based on standard biodegradation studies. A 100% theoretical BOD was observed for 10 mg/l of cyclohexylamine using an acclimated sewage inoculum, plant sludge and river mud over a 14 day incubation period. If released into water, cyclohexylamine is expected to exist primarily as a cation and will adsorb to suspended solids in the water column. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since this compound is expected to exist in the protonated form in water surfaces. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cyclohexylamine is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to cyclohexylamine primarily through respiratory routes especially at buildings where cyclohexylamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam boiler systems. Cyclohexylamine is not known to occur as a natural product(1).Cyclohexylamine's production and use as a corrosion inhibitor in boiling water treatment facilities and chemical intermediate in the manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps and acid gas absorbents will result in its release to the environment through a variety of waste streams(1,SRC).TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 150(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 1.49(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyclohexylamine as the free base is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). A pKa value of 10.6(4) indicates that the protonated form of cyclohexylamine will be the dominant species in moist soil surfaces and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization of cyclohexylamine from moist soil surfaces is not an important fate process since the cation will not volatilize. The potential for volatilization of cyclohexylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 10.1 mm Hg(5). Biodegradation is expected to occur in soils based on standard biodegradability tests conducted with activated sludge and sewage inocula(6-8).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 150(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 1.49(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyclohexylamine as the free base is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa value of 10.6(4) indicates that the protonated form of cyclohexylamine will be the predominant species in water and cations generally adsorb more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from water surfaces is not an important fate process(SRC) since the protonated form will not volatilize. According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.49(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Biodegradation is expected to occur in aquatic environments based on standard biodegradability tests conducted with activated sludge and sewage inocula(7-9).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cyclohexylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 10.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclohexylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3).A 100% theoretical BOD was observed for 10 mg/l of cyclohexylamine in an acclimated sewage inoculum, plant sludge and river mud over a 14 day incubation period(1). The theoretical BOD of cyclohexylamine (50 mg/l) was 79%, 68 % and 0% in an acclimated sewage inoculum, plant sludge and river mud respectively over a 14 day incubation period(1). The theoretical BOD of cyclohexylamine (100 mg/l) was 79%, 0% and 0% in an acclimated sewage inoculum, plant sludge and river mud respectively over a 14 day incubation period(1). A 200 mg/l sample of cyclohexylamine could not be biodegraded by an activated sludge and was assumed to be toxic to the microflora(2). A theoretical oxygen demand between 25 and 45% was observed for cyclohexylamine in a Warburg apparatus during a 5 day incubation period(3).The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cyclohexylamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Cyclohexylamine will exist predominantly in the protonated form in the environment based on a pKa of 10.6(2). Cyclohexylamine is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum(SRC).An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for cyclohexylamine(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.49(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).The Koc of cyclohexylamine is estimated as 150(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 1.49(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that cyclohexylamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of cyclohexylamine is 10.6(4), indicating that the protonated form will be the predominant species in moist soils and cations are expected to adsorb strongly to soil surfaces.With a pKa of 10.6(1), cyclohexylamine will exist predominantly in protonated form in the environment and the protonated form of cyclohexylamine is not expected to volatilize from water or moist soil surfaces(2). The potential for volatilization of cyclohexylamine from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 10.1 mm Hg(3).Cyclohexylamine was detected, not quantified, in the leachate of 2 low-level radioactive disposal facilities located in Maxey Flats, Kentucky and West Valley, New York(1). Effluent from a tire manufacturing plant contained cyclohexylamine at approximately 0.01 ppm(2).The average concentration of cyclohexylamine was measured as 0.7 ppb in the indoor air of a building in Columbus Ohio where cyclohexylamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor in the boiler system of the building(1).NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 64,346 workers (2,914 of these are female) are potentially exposed to cyclohexylamine in the US(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cyclohexylamine is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to cyclohexylamine primarily through respiratory routes especially at buildings where cyclohexylamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam boiler systems(2).About CyclohexylamineHelpful informationCyclohexylamine has not been registered under the REACH Regulation, therefore as yet ECHA has not received any data about Cyclohexylamine from registration dossiers.Cyclohexylamine is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.Consumer UsesECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Cyclohexylamine is most likely to be released to the environment.Article service lifeECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Cyclohexylamine is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.Widespread uses by professional workersCyclohexylamine is used in the following products: water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids. Cyclohexylamine is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and offshore mining. Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid. Other release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).Formulation or re-packingCyclohexylamine is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and water treatment chemicals.Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.Uses at industrial sitesCyclohexylamine is used in the following products: water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.Cyclohexylamine has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).Cyclohexylamine is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment, offshore mining and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.Cyclohexylamine is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class. It is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants. It has a fishy odor and is miscible with water. Like other amines, it is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.It is a useful intermediate in the production of many other organic compounds (e.g cyclamate)PreparationCyclohexylamine is produced by two routes, the main one being the complete hydrogenation of aniline using some cobalt- or nickel-based catalysts:C6H5NH2 + 3 H2 → C6H11NH2It is also prepared by alkylation of ammonia using cyclohexanol.ApplicationsCyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds. It is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization. It is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators). The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor. Some sweeteners are derived from this amine, notably cyclamate. The herbicide hexazinone and the anesthetic hexylcaine are derived from cyclohexylamine.ToxicityLD50 (rat; p.o.) = 0.71 ml/kgIt is corrosive. Cyclohexylamine is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. It has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.[6]The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has suggested workers not be exposed to a recommended exposure limit of over 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) over an eight-hour workshift.Cyclohexylamine appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia. Flash point 90°F. Irritates the eyes and respiratory system. Skin contact may cause burns. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.Generally, cyclohexylamine, is readily absorbed & rapidly excreted from the body. After admin to rats, cyclohexylamine appears in body tissues with the highest concn in the lungs, spleen, liver, adrenals, heart, GI tract & kidneys.After oral admin (0.2 g/kg) to rabbits, cyclohexylamine gave rise to unchanged cyclohexylamine & N-hydroxycyclohexylamine in the urine. When C14-labeled cyclohexylamine was admin, 68% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine after 60 hr. A small amount (0.5%) was eliminated in the breath & 45% of the admin dose was shown to be excreted in the urine as unconjugated cyclohexylamine, 0.2% as N-hydroxycyclohexylamine in conjugated form, & 2.5% as cyclohexanone oxime. The authors postulated the latter metabolite to be an artifact formed form the glucuronide of N-hydroxycyclohexylamine during the hydrolysis procedure.The metabolites identified indicated that in rats, the metabolism of cyclohexylamine was mainly through hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring, in man by deamination & in guinea pigs & rabbits by ring hydroxylation & deamination. The metabolites to cyclohexylamine were excreted in both free & conjugated forms.Most of the cyclohexylamine given by gavage or intraperitoneal injection to rats and guinea pigs was excreted unchanged, and only 4-5% was metabolized within 24 hours. In rabbits, 30% was metabolized. Cyclohexylamine has been reported to be metabolized further to cyclohexanone and then to cyclohexanol in guinea pigs, rabbits and rats. A number of hydroxylated products of cyclohexylamine have been reported in these species, which were excreted in part as glucuronides.Orally administration cyclamate appears to be readily absorbed by rabbits but less readily by guinea pigs, rats and humans. All of these species convert cyclamate to cyclohexylamine, via the action of gastrointestinal microflora on unabsorbed cyclamate. The metabolism of cyclohexylamine to other products differs somewhat in humans and other species, although most cyclohexylamine is rapidly excreted unchanged in the urine. In rats, it is metabolized mainly by hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring; in humans, it is metabolized by deamination; and in guinea pigs and rabbits, it is metabolized by ring hydroxylation and deamination.Wistar and DA rats were fed cyclohexylamine (as the hydrochloride) at constant intake of 400 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. The metabolism of (1
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.
Cyclohexylamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Cyclohexylamine is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.

CAS: 108-91-8
MF: C6H13N
MW: 99.17
EINECS: 203-629-0

Cyclohexylamine appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia.
Flash point 90 °F.
Irritates the eyes and respiratory system.
Skin contact may cause burns.
Less dense than water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.
Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants.

Cyclohexylamine has a fishy odor and is miscible with water.
Like other amines, Cyclohexylamine is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but Cyclohexylamine is a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.
Cyclohexylamine is a useful intermediate in the production of many other organic compounds (e.g. cyclamate).
Cyclohexylamine (also known as cyclohexanamine or CHA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H11NH2.

Cyclohexylamine is a primary amine, which means that it is composed of a six-membered ring of carbon atoms with one nitrogen atom attached to it.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid with a characteristic amine-like odor and is miscible with water.
Cyclohexylamine is used in the production of polyurethane and polyurea, as well as in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine is also used as a corrosion inhibitor in industrial processes.

Cyclohexylamine Chemical Properties
Melting point: -17 °C
Boiling point: 134 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.867 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 3.42 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 10 mm Hg ( 22 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.459(lit.)
Fp: 90 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: organic solvents: miscible
Form: Liquid
pka: 10.66(at 24℃)
Color: Clear
Odor: strong fishy odor
PH: 11.5 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Explosive limit: 1.6-9.4%(V)
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE
FreezingPoint: -17.7℃
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,2729
BRN: 471175
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 10 ppm (~40 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
InChIKey: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.7 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 108-91-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Cyclohexanamine(108-91-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Cyclohexylamine (108-91-8)

Reactions
Cyclohexylamine reacts with chlorine to form N,N-dichlorocyclohexylamine.
N-Cyclohexylidenecyclohexylamine reacts with chloramine to give 1-cyclohexyl-3,3-pentamethylenediaziridine, which can be hydrolyzed to give cyclohexylhydrazine. Cyclohexylamine and formaldehyde together react with peracetic acid to give 2-cyclohexyloxaziridine.
In addition to using alkyl halides, alkyl sulfates, or alkyl phosphates, cyclohexylamine can be alkylated with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, such as aluminum oxide, copper, nickel, cobalt, or platinum, or by the Leuckart – Wallach method.

Cyclohexylamine is a colorless to yellow liquid (amines, primary aromatic).
Cyclohexylamine has an unpleasant fishy odor.
Cyclohexylamine is infinitely miscible with water and conventional organic solvents.
With water Cyclohexylamine forms an azeotrope that contains 44.2 % cyclohexylamine and boils at 96.4℃.
Cyclohexylamine can be volatilized with water vapor.
Cyclohexylamine can absorb carbon dioxide in the air and form a white crystalline carbonate.
Aqueous solution is alkaline.
0.01% concentration of aqueous solution pH = 10.5.
Cyclohexylamine's vapor and air to form an explosive mixture.

Uses
In organic synthesis, manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, corrosion inhibitors, rubber chemicals, dyestuffs, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps, acid gas absorbents.
Cyclohexylamine is used primarily as corrosion inhibitor and vulcanization accelerator.
Alone or mixed with other compounds, Cyclohexylamine has an anticorrosive action, for example, when used as an additive in heating oil or in the operation of steam boilers.
Cyclohexylamine functions as a hardener for epoxy resins and as a catalyst for polyurethanes.
Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate and calcium cyclohexylsulfamate (cyclamates) are important artificial sweeteners.
In polyamide polymerizations, cyclohexylamine is employed as chain terminator to control the molecular mass.

Cyclohexylamine is used in the manufacture of a number of products, including plasticizers, drycleaning soaps, insecticides, and emulsifying agents.
Cyclohexylamine is also used as a corrosion inhibitor and in organic synthesis.

Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization.
Cyclohexylamine is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators).
The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor.
The herbicide hexazinone and the anesthetic hexylcaine are derived from cyclohexylamine.
Cyclohexylamine has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.

Industrial uses
The primary use of cyclohexylamine is as a corrosion inhibitor in boiler water treatment and in oil field applications.
Cyclohexylamine is also a chemical intermediate for rubber processing chemicals, dyes (acid blue 62, former use), cyclamate artificial sweeteners and herbicides and a processing agent for nylon fiber production.
Windholz et al reports its use in the manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps, and acid gas absorbents.

Production Methods
Cyclohexylamine is produced by the reaction of ammonia and cyclohexanol at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a silica-alumina catalyst.
Cyclohexylamine is also prepared by a similar process of catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and pressure.
Fractionation of the product of this reaction yields CHA, aniline, and a high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine.
In 1982, U.S. production was 4.54 metric tons and 739.3 metric tons were imported into the U.S.

Reactivity Profile
Cyclohexylamine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Health Hazard
Cyclohexylamine is a severe irritant to theeyes, skin, and respiratory passage.
Skin contact can produce burns and sensitization;contact of the pure liquid or its concentratedsolutions with the eyes may cause loss ofvision.
The acute oral and dermal toxicity ofcyclohexylamine was moderate in test sub jects.
The toxic effects include nausea, vom iting, and degenerative changes in the brain,liver, and kidney.

Inhalation of its vaporsat high concentrations may cause a narcoticeffect.
LD50 value, oral (rats): 156 mg/kg
LD50 value, skin (rabbits): 277 mg/klg
Cyclohexylamine may be mutagenic, thetest for which has so far given inconclusiveresults. Administration of this compoundin animals produced a reproductive effect,including embryotoxicity and a reductionin male fertility.
Intraperitoneal injectionof the amine in rats caused a dose dependent increase in chromosomal breaks.

Roberts and coworkers studied themetabolism and testicular toxicity of cyclohexylamine (a metabolite of cyclamate)in rats and mice.
Chronic dietary administration of 400 mg/kg/day for 13 weeksshowed decrease in organ weigh, histological changes, and testicular atrophy in boththe Wistar and dark agouti DA rats, but to awidely varying extent, while mice exhibitedno evidence of testicular damage.
There is no evidence of carcinogenicityin animals or humans caused by cyclohexy lamine.

Fire Hazard
When heated to decomposition, Cyclohexylamine emits highly toxic fumes.
Vapor may travel a considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back.
Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced during combustion.
Nitric acid; reacts vigorously with oxiding materials.
Stable, avoid physical damage, storage with oxidizing material.

Synthesis
Prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temp and pressures.
Fractionation of crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unchanged aniline, and high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine (cyclohexylaniline) and dicyclohexylamine.

Preparation
Cyclohexylamine is produced by two routes, the main one being the complete hydrogenation of aniline using some cobalt- or nickel-based catalysts:

C6H5NH2 + 3 H2 → C6H11NH2
Cyclohexylamine is also prepared by alkylation of ammonia using cyclohexanol.

Metabolism
Generally, cyclohexylamine is readily absorbed and rapidly excreted from the body.
After administration to rats, cyclohexylamine appears in body tissues with the highest concentrations in the lungs, spleen, liver, adrenals, heart, gastrointes- tinal tract and kidneys.
After oral administration (0.2 g/kg) to rabbits, cyclohexylamine gave rise to unchanged cyclohexylamine and 7V-hydroxycyclohexylamine in the urine.
When [14C]-labelled cyclohexylamine was administered, 68% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine after 60 h.

A small amount (0.5%) was eliminated in the breath and 45% of the administered dose was shown to be excreted in the urine as unconjugated cyclohexylamine, 0.2% as JV-hydroxycyclohexylamine in conjugated form, and 2.5% as cyclohexanone oxime.
The authors postulated the latter metabolite to be an artifact formed from the glucuronide of TV-hydroxy cyclohexylamine during the hydrolysis procedure.
In contrast to rabbits, man, as well as rats and guinea pigs, excrete 90% or more of a dose of [14C]-labelled cyclohexylamine unchanged in the urine.

Small amounts of radioactivity were found in the feces, 1% or less in man, rat and rabbit, and 4-7% in the guinea pig.
Only 4-5% of the dose was metabolized in 24 h in the rat and guinea pig and 1-2% in man.
The metabolites identified indicated that in rats, the metabolism of cyclohexylamine was mainly through hydroxylation of the cyclohexane ring, in man by deamination and in guinea pigs and rabbits by ring hydroxylation and deamination.
The metabolites to cyclohexylamine were excreted in both free and conjugated forms.

Synonyms
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexanamine
108-91-8
Aminocyclohexane
Hexahydroaniline
Hexahydrobenzenamine
Aminohexahydrobenzene
1-Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexyl amine
1-Aminocyclohexane
Aniline, hexahydro-
Benzenamine, hexahydro-
Aminocylcohexane
cyclohexyl-amine
CCRIS 3645
HSDB 918
UNII-I6GH4W7AEG
1-AMINO-CYCLOHEXANE
cyclohexaneamine
I6GH4W7AEG
monocyclohexylamine
EINECS 203-629-0
BRN 0471175
DTXSID1023996
CHEBI:15773
AI3-15323
Cyclohexylamine.HCl
UN2357
157973-60-9
DTXCID203996
EC 203-629-0
4-12-00-00008 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MFCD00001486
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
CAS-108-91-8
HAI
GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
cyclohexanamin
cylohexylamine
Ciclohexanamina
Ciclohexilamina
Sykloheksylamin
cyclohexylarnine
cyclo-hexylamine
cyclohexane-amine
n-cyclohexylamine
cyclohexanyl amine
Hexahydro-Aniline
4-Cyclohexylamine
Glipizide Imp. B (EP); Sodium Cyclamate Imp. C (EP); Cyclohexanamine; Glipizide Impurity B; Sodium Cyclamate Impurity C
Cyclohexylamine,(S)
Hexahydro-Benzenamine
Cyclohexanamine, 9CI
CyNH2
CHA (CHRIS Code)
Cyclohexylamine, 99.5%
bmse000451
D07KVF
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI]
BIDD:ER0290
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB]
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [INCI]
GTPL5507
CHEMBL1794762
BDBM81970
Cyclohexylamine [Cyclohexanamine]
BCP30928
Tox21_202380
Tox21_300038
LS-473
NA2357
STK387114
AKOS000119083
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
UN 2357
VS-0326
Aminocyclohexane pound>>Hexahydroaniline
NCGC00247889-01
NCGC00247889-02
NCGC00253922-01
NCGC00259929-01
AM802905
BP-21278
CAS_108-91-8
NCI60_004907
Cyclohexylamine 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.9%
FT-0624217
EN300-16958
C00571
J-002206
J-520164
Q1147539
F2190-0381
InChI=1/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexylamine has a fishy odor and is miscible with water like other amines, Cyclohexylamine is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.
Cyclohexylamine is a food contaminant arising from its use as a boiler water additive Cyclohexylamine, also called hexahydroaniline, 1-aminocyclohexane, or aminohexahydrobenzene, is an organic chemical, an amine derived from cyclohexane.
Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound of the aliphatic amine group, also known as aminocyclohexane and cyclohexane amine.

EINECS/ List number: 203-629-0
CAS number: 108-91-8
Molecular formula: C6H13N

Cyclohexylamine is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H13N.
Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound and belongs to the class of amines, specifically cycloaliphatic amines.
Cyclohexylamine consists of a cyclohexane ring with an amino group (NH2) attached to one of the carbon atoms in the ring.

Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants.
Cyclohexylamine is a clear liquid at room temperature and has a strong, ammonia-like odor.

Cyclohexylamine is soluble in water and most organic solvents.
Cyclohexylamine is commonly used as an intermediate or starting material in the synthesis of various chemicals.
Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.

Cyclohexylamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Cyclohexylamine is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.
Cyclohexylamineis registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.

Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization.
Cyclohexylamine is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators).

Cyclohexylamine the amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor.
The herbicide hexazinone and the anesthetic hexylcaine are derived from cyclohexylamine.
Cyclohexylamine has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.

Cyclohexylamine is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum asiaticum and Phaseolus vulgaris with data available.
The chemical formula of this colorless liquid is C3H13N however, like other amines, it may appear colored due to the presence of contaminants.
Cyclohexylamine smells like fish and can be mixed with water and other organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, ketones and aliphatic and aromatic esters.

Cyclohexylamine is a clear to yellowish liquid with fishy odor, with melting point of 17.7 °C and boiling point 134.5 °C, miscible with water.
Like other amines, Cyclohexylamine is of mildly alkaline nature, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic sister compound aniline, which differs only in that its ring is aromatic.
Cyclohexylamine is flammable, with flash point at 28.6 °C. Explosive mixtures with air can be formed above 26 °C.

Cyclohexylamine is toxic by both ingestion and inhalation; the inhalation itself may be fatal.
Cyclohexylamine readily absorbs through skin, which it irritates.
Cyclohexylamine is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act.

Cyclohexylamine appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia.
Flash point 90 °F. Irritates the eyes and respiratory system.
Cyclohexylamine, skin contact may cause burns.

Cyclohexylamine, less dense than water.
Cyclohexylamine, vapors heavier than air and toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.
Cyclohexylamine is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Cyclohexylamineis used in the following products: water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.
Cyclohexylamineis used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and offshore mining.
Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Environment of Cyclohexylamine is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).
Cyclohexylamineis used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and water treatment chemicals.
Release to the environment of Cyclohexylaminecan occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Cyclohexylamine is a colorless to yellow liquid (amines, primary aromatic).
Cyclohexylamine has an unpleasant fishy odor.
Cyclohexylamine is infinitely miscible with water and conventional organic solvents.

With water Cyclohexylamine forms an azeotrope that contains 44.2 % cyclohexylamine and boils at 96.4℃.
Cyclohexylamine can be volatilized with water vapor.
Cyclohexylamine can absorb carbon dioxide in the air and form a white crystalline carbonate.

Cyclohexylamine, aqueous solution is alkaline.
Cyclohexylamine, 0.01% concentration of aqueous solution pH = 10.5. Its vapor and air to form an explosive mixture.
Cyclohexylamine appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia.

Cyclohexylamine, irritates the eyes and respiratory system.
Cyclohexylamine, skin contact may cause burns. Less dense than water.
Cyclohexylamine toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.

Cyclohexylamine is used as a modifier in the polymerization of certain monomers, such as acrylics and vinyl acetate.
Cyclohexylamine helps control the polymerization process, improving the molecular weight and overall properties of the resulting polymer.
Cyclohexylamine can act as a catalyst or co-catalyst in various chemical reactions.

Melting point: -17 °C
Boiling point: 134 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.867 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 3.42 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 10 mm Hg ( 22 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.459(lit.)
Flash point: 90 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility organic solvents: miscible
form: Liquid
pka: 10.66(at 24℃)
color: Clear
PH: 11.5 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit: 1.6-9.4%(V)
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE
FreezingPoint: -17.7℃
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,2729
BRN: 471175
LogP: 3.7 at 25℃

Cyclohexylamine is particularly used in the production of polyurethane coatings, where it promotes the reaction between isocyanates and polyols, leading to the formation of a cross-linked polyurethane film.
Cyclohexylamine can undergo various chemical modifications to produce derivatives with specific properties.
N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS) is a commonly used derivative of cyclohexylamine in the rubber industry as an accelerator and antidegradant.

Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H13NH2.
Cyclohexylamine belongs to the class of amines, specifically the primary amines, where an amino group (-NH2) is attached to a carbon atom within a cyclohexane ring structure.
Cyclohexylamine is a clear liquid at room temperature with a boiling point of around 134-136°C (273-277°F) and a melting point of -17.7°C (0°F).

Cyclohexylamine has a density of approximately 0.861 g/mL.
Cyclohexylamine is soluble in water, alcohols, and common organic solvents.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless organic liquid with an amine group substituent.

Cyclohexylamine is used in low pressure boilers where the condensate runs longer.
Cyclohexylamine can stay with the condensate vapor at various vapor pressures that cannot be done with other neutralizing amines.
Cyclohexylamine is a cyclamate metabolite and has been found useful in the production of other organic compounds.

Cyclohexylamine is especially used for industrial water treatment, curing accelerator production, synthetic sweetener production and vulcanization accelerator production in rubber industry.
Cyclohexylamine is a reactive compound that can undergo various chemical reactions.
Cyclohexylamine can participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions, such as reacting with alkyl halides to form secondary and tertiary amines.

Cyclohexylamine can also undergo acylation reactions, where it reacts with acid chlorides or anhydrides to form amides.
Cyclohexylamine is a weak base with a pKa value of around 10.9.
Cyclohexylamine can accept a proton (H+) from an acid, forming a cyclohexylammonium salt in aqueous solutions, cyclohexylamine acts as a base and can increase the pH of the solution.

The molecular structure of cyclohexylamine consists of a six-membered cyclohexane ring with a nitrogen atom attached to one of the carbon atoms in the ring.
Cyclohexylamine, arrangement gives cyclohexylamine its characteristic cyclic structure.
The handling, storage, and transportation of cyclohexylamine are regulated by various agencies and organizations.

Cyclohexylamine is important to comply with relevant safety and environmental regulations when working with cyclohexylamine to ensure the protection of human health and the environment.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature.
Cyclohexylamine has a strong, ammonia-like odor and is soluble in water.

Cyclohexylamine has a boiling point of around 134-136°C (273-277°F) and a density of approximately 0.861 grams per milliliter.
Cyclohexylamine is a weak base and can form salts with acids.
Cyclohexylamine exhibits typical amine properties, such as reacting with acids to form water-soluble salts and undergoing reactions with various organic and inorganic compounds.

Cyclohexylamine can be synthesized through several methods.
One common method is the reduction of cyclohexanone using a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride in the presence of a catalyst.
Another method involves the reaction of cyclohexyl chloride with ammonia.
Various other routes, such as the reductive amination of cyclohexanone or the hydroamination of cyclohexene, can also be employed for its synthesis.

Cyclohexylamine is chemical properties and versatile nature, cyclohexylamine is used in various industries, including the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, polymers, personal care products, and as a chemical intermediate in organic synthesis.
Cyclohexylamine also finds applications in gas treatment, fuel additives, corrosion inhibitors, and metalworking fluids, among others.
Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.

Cyclohexylamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Cyclohexylamine is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.
Cyclohexylamine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.

Cyclohexylamine, flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Cyclohexylamine, prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temp and pressures.
Cyclohexylamine, fractionation of crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unchanged aniline, and high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine (cyclohexylaniline) and dicyclohexylamine.

Cyclohexylamine derivatives, such as N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS), are used as antioxidants and antidegradants in rubber products.
Cyclohexylamine, help prevent or slow down the degradation of rubber due to oxidation and heat, thereby extending the lifespan and performance of rubber materials.
Cyclohexylamine, may form explosive mixture with air.

Cyclohexylamine is a strong base: it reacts violently with acid. Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosion hazard.
Incompatible with organic anhydrides; isocyanates, vinyl acetate; acrylates, substituted allyls; alkylene oxides; epichlorohydrin, ketones, aldehydes, alco- hols, glycols, phenols, cresols, caprolactum solution; lead.
Cyclohexylamine and its derivatives are used as corrosion inhibitors in water treatment applications.

Cyclohexylamine, help protect metal surfaces in cooling systems, boilers, and other industrial equipment by forming a protective film that inhibits corrosion.
Cyclohexylamine is readily absorbed and rapidly excreted from the body after administration to rats, cyclohexylamine appears in body tissues with the highest concentrations in the lungs, spleen, liver, adrenals, heart, gastrointes- tinal tract and kidneys.
After oral administration (0.2 g/kg) to rabbits, cyclohexylamine gave rise to unchanged cyclohexylamine and 7V-hydroxycyclohexylamine in the urine.

Labelled cyclohexylamine was administered, 68% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine after 60 h. A small amount (0.5%) was eliminated in the breath and 45% of the administered dose was shown to be excreted in the urine as unconjugated cyclohexylamine, 0.2% as JV-hydroxycyclohexylamine in conjugated form, and 2.5% as cyclohexanone oxime.
Metabolite to be an artifact formed from the glucuronide of TV-hydroxy cyclohexylamine during the hydrolysis procedure.
Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound in the form of a colorless liquid.

Cyclohexylamine is used as a building block in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, rubber chemicals, dyes, antioxidants, and other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine can undergo various chemical reactions to form different derivatives.
Cyclohexylamine can be acylated to form N-acylcyclohexylamines, which are used as intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals.

Cyclohexylamine can also react with aldehydes or ketones to form imines, which are important in organic synthesis.
Cyclohexylamine can be converted into cyclohexanone by oxidation, or it can be alkylated to form secondary or tertiary amines.
Cyclohexylamine is known by various alternative names, including aminocyclohexane, hexahydroaniline, and aminohexahydrobenzene these names reflect its chemical structure and its relationship to cyclohexane and aniline.

Cyclohexylamine is a versatile building block for the synthesis of various alkaline derivatives.
Cyclohexylamine can undergo reactions to form cyclohexylammonium salts, cyclohexylamide, cyclohexylthiourea, and other compounds these derivatives find applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals.

Cyclohexylamine is employed as a corrosion inhibitor in various industrial processes, especially in the oil and gas industry.
Cyclohexylamine helps protect metal surfaces from corrosion by forming a protective film.

Cyclohexylamine is used as a pH regulator or buffer in certain chemical reactions.
Cyclohexylamine can stabilize the pH of a solution and control the acidity or basicity of the system.

Cyclohexylamine is utilized as an accelerator or curing agent in the production of rubber, particularly for the vulcanization process.
Cyclohexylamine helps improve the properties and performance of rubber materials.

Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization and is a building block for pharmaceuticals.

Uses
Cyclohexylamine used in organic synthesis, manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, corrosion inhibitors, rubber chemicals, dyestuffs, emulsifiers, dry cleaning soaps, acid gas absorbers
Cyclohexylamine is used primarily as corrosion inhibitor and vulcanization accelerator.
Alone or mixed with other compounds, Cyclohexylamine has an anticorrosive action, for example, when used as an additive in heating oil or in the operation of steam boilers.

Cyclohexylamine is used in the manufacture of a number of products, including plasticizers, drycleaning soaps, insecticides, and emulsifying agents.
Cyclohexylamine is also used as a corrosion inhibitor and in organic synthesis.
Cyclohexylamine functions as a hardener for epoxy resins and as a catalyst for polyurethanes.

Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate and calcium cyclohexylsulfamate (cyclamates) are important artificial sweeteners. In polyamide polymerizations, cyclohexylamine is employed as chain terminator to control the molecular mass.
Cyclohexylamine is used in the following products: water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.
Cyclohexylamine is used in making dyes, chemi- cals, dry cleaning chemicals; insecticides, plasticizers, rub- ber chemicals; and as a chemical intermediate in the production of cyclamate sweeteners.

Cyclohexylamine, used in water treat- ment and as a boiler feedwater additive.
Cyclohexylamine is also used in rubber production to retard degradation.
Cyclohexylaminehas an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Cyclohexylamineis used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and offshore mining.
Cyclohexylamineis used for the manufacture of: and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.

Cyclohexylamine is used as a reagent in polymerization reactions, such as the production of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Cyclohexylamine is used as a solvent and extractant in various chemical processes.
Cyclohexylamine is employed in the extraction of fatty acids, resins, and waxes from raw materials.

Cyclohexylamine is also used as a solvent for certain dyes, waxes, and pharmaceuticals.
Cyclohexylamine is used as a fuel additive, particularly in diesel fuel.
Cyclohexylamine helps improve fuel combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and prevent the formation of deposits in engines.

Cyclohexylamine and its derivatives find application in the rubber industry.
Cyclohexylamine are used as accelerators and antidegradants in the production of rubber products such as tires, conveyor belts, and seals.
Cyclohexylamine are enhance the curing process and improve the mechanical properties and durability of rubber materials.

Cyclohexylamine is employed in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.
Cyclohexylamine can serve as a curing agent or accelerator in epoxy-based adhesives, providing improved bonding strength and durability.
Cyclohexylamine is used in gas purification processes, particularly in the removal of acidic gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

Cyclohexylamine can react with these impurities to form water-soluble salts, thereby purifying the gas stream.
Cyclohexylamine can be used in surface treatment processes, such as metal cleaning and electroplating.
Cyclohexylamine can remove rust and other contaminants from metal surfaces, preparing them for further treatment or coating.

Cyclohexylamine and its derivatives are employed in water treatment processes.
Cyclohexylamine can be used as corrosion inhibitors and pH regulators in cooling water systems, boiler feedwaters, and industrial wastewater treatment.
Cyclohexylamine is widely used in chemical research and organic synthesis laboratories.

Cyclohexylamine can be employed as a reagent or building block in the synthesis of various compounds, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals.
Cyclohexylamine is utilized in various laboratory applications, such as in the preparation of buffer solutions or as a reagent for organic reactions.
Cyclohexylamine can be used as a base or catalyst in certain reactions and can participate in organic transformations.

Cyclohexylamine as a Metalworking Fluid: Cyclohexylamine is utilized in the formulation of metalworking fluids, such as cutting fluids and coolants.
Cyclohexylamine acts as a corrosion inhibitor, lubricant, and pH regulator, enhancing the performance and lifespan of metalworking processes.

Cyclohexylamine as a Heat Transfer Fluid: Due to its low viscosity and good thermal stability, cyclohexylamine is used as a heat transfer fluid in various industrial applications.
Cyclohexylamine transfers heat efficiently in heat exchange systems, such as refrigeration, HVAC, and thermal management processes.

Cyclohexylamine and its derivatives find application in the textile industry.
They are used as softeners, dyeing assistants, and anti-static agents in textile processing, improving the fabric's feel, appearance, and performance.

Cyclohexylamine as a Flotation Agent: Cyclohexylamine is employed as a flotation agent in mineral processing, particularly in the recovery of copper and other metals from ores. Cyclohexylamine helps separate valuable minerals from gangue materials by selectively adhering to the mineral surfaces.

Cyclohexylamine in Analytical Chemistry: In addition to its applications as a derivatizing agent, cyclohexylamine is used in analytical chemistry for the determination of various compounds.
Cyclohexylamine can be employed as a mobile phase component in chromatography techniques, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC).
Cyclohexylamine as a Food Additive: Cyclohexylamine and its salts are used as food additives in certain countries they may serve as pH regulators or flavoring agents in specific food products.

Polymer Industry: In addition to being used as a reagent in polymerization reactions, cyclohexylamine finds application as a stabilizer and emulsifier in the production of synthetic polymers.
Cyclohexylamine helps improve the stability and processing characteristics of polymer materials.

Cyclohexylamine as a Solvent for Organic Reactions: Due to its solvating properties, cyclohexylamine is utilized as a solvent in various organic reactions.
Cyclohexylamine can dissolve a wide range of organic compounds, making it useful for reaction mixtures, extractions, and separations.

Cyclohexylamine as a Rubber Accelerator: Cyclohexylamine derivatives, such as N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBTS), are used as rubber accelerators they promote the vulcanization process in rubber manufacturing, enhancing the speed and efficiency of cross-linking reactions.

Cyclohexylamine as a pH Regulator in Personal Care Products: Cyclohexylamine is employed as a pH regulator in personal care products, such as shampoos and hair conditioners.
Cyclohexylamine helps adjust and stabilize the pH of these products to ensure optimal performance and compatibility with the skin and hair.

Pharmaceutical and Agrochemical Industry: Cyclohexylamine is utilized in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Cyclohexylamine serves as a building block for the production of various drugs, including antihistamines, local anesthetics, and antidepressants.
In the agrochemical sector, Cyclohexylamine is used in the synthesis of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.

Gas Treatment: Cyclohexylamine is used in gas treatment processes, particularly in the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural gas and refinery gas streams.
Cyclohexylamine acts as a selective absorbent, helping to purify the gas by removing these impurities.
Resin Hardening: Cyclohexylamine is employed as a hardener or curing agent for epoxy resins.

Cyclohexylamine reacts with epoxy resins to form cross-linked structures, improving the strength, durability, and chemical resistance of the final product.
Cyclohexylamine makes it useful in applications such as adhesives, coatings, and composite materials.

Electroplating: Cyclohexylamine is used in electroplating processes as a complexing agent and pH regulator.
Cyclohexylamine helps in the deposition of metal coatings on various substrates, providing corrosion resistance, decorative finishes, and enhanced conductivity.

Foam Stabilizer: In the production of polyurethane foams, cyclohexylamine is utilized as a foam stabilizer and catalyst.
Cyclohexylamine helps regulate the foam formation process and improves the stability, strength, and cell structure of the foams.

Chemical Analysis: Cyclohexylamine is employed in analytical chemistry techniques such as gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Cyclohexylamine can be used as a derivatizing agent to enhance the detectability and stability of certain compounds for analysis.
Cyclohexylamine is an important intermediate in the manufacturing of various chemicals.
Cyclohexylamine is involved in the production of corrosion inhibitors, lubricant additives, fuel additives, and surfactants.

Analytical Chemistry: Cyclohexylamine is sometimes used as a derivatizing agent in analytical chemistry. It can be employed to convert certain compounds into more stable or volatile forms for analysis by gas chromatography or other analytical techniques.

Uses in Personal Care Products: Cyclohexylamine and its derivatives find application in the personal care industry. They are used as fragrance ingredients, pH adjusters, and surfactants in cosmetics, shampoos, soaps, and other personal care products.

Industrial Cleaning: Due to its alkaline nature, cyclohexylamine is utilized in industrial cleaning products.
Cyclohexylamine can be found in formulations for degreasers, metal cleaners, and industrial detergents.

Health and Safety: When working with cyclohexylamine, it is important to follow safety precautions.
Cyclohexylamine can cause irritation to the respiratory system, eyes, and skin. In case of exposure, immediate medical attention should be sought, and contaminated clothing should be removed.
Emergency procedures and first aid measures should be readily available in areas where cyclohexylamine is handled.

Transportation: Cyclohexylamine is classified as a hazardous material for transportation due to its toxicity and flammability properties.
Cyclohexylamine should be transported and stored in accordance with relevant regulations and guidelines to ensure safety.

Research and Development: Cyclohexylamine continues to be an area of interest in research and development.
Scientists are exploring its potential applications in various fields, such as catalysis, material synthesis, and medicinal chemistry.
Cyclohexylamine is important to handle cyclohexylamine with care, as it can be toxic and irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

Proper safety precautions should be followed when working with this compound.Several analytical methods are used to detect and quantify cyclohexylamine in various samples. These methods include gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and spectrophotometric techniques.
Analytical methods can be employed to ensure the quality control of cyclohexylamine in different applications.

Industrial uses
The primary use of cyclohexylamine is as a corrosion inhibitor in boiler water treatment and in oil field applications.
Cyclohexylamine is also a chemical intermediate for rubber processing chemicals, dyes (acid blue 62, former use), cyclamate artificial sweeteners and herbicides and a processing agent for nylon fiber production.
Windholz et al reports its use in the manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps, and acid gas absorbents.

Cyclohexylamine and its derivatives have been studied for their potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
They can be used as building blocks for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds, including drugs for cardiovascular diseases, analgesics, and antiviral agents.

Cyclohexylamine is utilized in the production of agrochemicals such as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides.
Cyclohexylamine can serve as a precursor or intermediate in the synthesis of active ingredients used to protect crops from pests, diseases, and weeds.

Production Methods
Cyclohexylamine is produced by the reaction of ammonia and cyclohexanol at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a silica-alumina catalyst.
Cyclohexylamine is also prepared by a similar process of catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and pressure.
Fractionation of the product of this reaction yields Cyclohexylamine, aniline, and a high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine.

Cyclohexylamine is primarily produced through the catalytic hydrogenation of aniline, which is derived from benzene.
The reaction involves adding hydrogen gas under high pressure and temperature to convert aniline to cyclohexylamine.

Reactions
Cyclohexylamine reacts with chlorine to form N,N-dichlorocyclohexylamine.
N-Cyclohexylidenecyclohexylamine reacts with chloramine to give 1-cyclohexyl-3,3-pentamethylenediaziridine, which can be hydrolyzed to give cyclohexylhydrazine.

Cyclohexylamine and formaldehyde together react with peracetic acid to give 2-cyclohexyloxaziridine.
Cyclohexylamine to using alkyl halides, alkyl sulfates, or alkyl phosphates, cyclohexylamine can be alkylated with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, such as aluminum oxide, copper, nickel, cobalt, or platinum, or by the Leuckart – Wallach method.

Fire Hazard
Cyclohexylamine, when heated to decomposition, Cyclohexylamine emits highly toxic fumes.
Vapor may travel a considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced during combustion.
Nitric acid; reacts vigorously with oxiding materials, stable, avoid physical damage, storage with oxidizing material.

Cyclohexylamine, a poison by ingestion, skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes, experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects.
Cyclohexylamine, a severe human skin irritant, can cause dermatitis and convulsions.
Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers to fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical.

Synonyms
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexanamine
108-91-8
Aminocyclohexane
Hexahydroaniline
Hexahydrobenzenamine
Aminohexahydrobenzene
Cyclohexyl amine
1-Cyclohexylamine
1-Aminocyclohexane
Aniline, hexahydro-
Benzenamine, hexahydro-
Aminocylcohexane
cyclohexyl-amine
1-AMINO-CYCLOHEXANE
CCRIS 3645
HSDB 918
cyclohexaneamine
UNII-I6GH4W7AEG
Cyclohexylamine.HCl
I6GH4W7AEG
157973-60-9
DTXSID1023996
CHEBI:15773
MFCD00001486
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
DTXCID203996
CAS-108-91-8
HAI
EINECS 203-629-0
UN2357
BRN 0471175
cylohexylamine
cyclohexylarnine
cyclo-hexylamine
AI3-15323
cyclohexane-amine
n-cyclohexylamine
cyclohexanyl amine
Hexahydro-Aniline
monocyclohexylamine
4-Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylamine,(S)
Hexahydro-Benzenamine
Cyclohexanamine, 9CI
CyNH2
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
Cyclohexylamine, 99.5%
bmse000451
EC 203-629-0
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI]
4-12-00-00008 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BIDD:ER0290
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB]
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [INCI]
GTPL5507
CHEMBL1794762
BDBM81970
BCP30928
Tox21_202380
Tox21_300038
STK387114
AKOS000119083
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
UN 2357
VS-0326
Aminocyclohexane pound>>Hexahydroaniline
NCGC00247889-01
NCGC00247889-02
NCGC00253922-01
NCGC00259929-01
AM802905
BP-21278
CAS_108-91-8
NCI60_004907
GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
Cyclohexylamine 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.9%
FT-0624217
EN300-16958
C00571
J-002206
J-520164
Q1147539
F2190-0381
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexylamine is a clear, colorless to yellow liquid with a strong, fishy odor.
Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants.

CAS Number: 108-91-8
EC Number: 203-629-0
Molecular Formula: C6H13N
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 99.18

Cyclohexylamine has a melting and boiling plant at 17.7 ºC and 134.5 ºC respectively.
Like all other amines Cyclohexylamine has a weak base when compared to other strong bases including NaOH and has a stronger base than aniline, which differs only in than Cyclohexylamine ring in aromatic.

Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants.

Cyclohexylamine has a fishy odor and is miscible with water.
Like other amines, Cyclohexylamine is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but Cyclohexylamine is a stronger base than Cyclohexylamine aromatic analog, aniline.

Cyclohexylamine is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class.
Cyclohexylamine is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants.

Cyclohexylamine has a fishy odor and is miscible with water.
Like other amines, Cyclohexylamine is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but Cyclohexylamine is a stronger base than Cyclohexylamine aromatic analog, aniline.

Cyclohexylamine is a useful intermediate in the production of many other organic compounds (e.g. cyclamate)

Cyclohexylamine is used especially for the industrial water treatment, for the production of cure accelerator, for the manufacturing of synthetic sweeteners and in a rubber industry for the production of vulcanization accelerators.
On the basis of end user demands and desires, industrial Cyclohexylamine can be utilized for various respective applications for various respective industries like agriculture, rubber, food, oil, pharma, petroleum and textile industries.

Cyclohexylamine market size has foreseen dynamic growth owing to Cyclohexylamine increased usage as a corrosion inhibitor for boiler water treatment plants and low corrosion inhibitor in oil field production where high alkalinity is preferred.
Cyclohexylamine is also used in manufacturing of several synthetic chemicals which include acid gas absorbents, dry cleaning soaps, emulsifying agents, plasticizers and insecticides.

Cyclohexylamine is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Cyclohexylamine is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Cyclohexylamine is a clear, colorless to yellow liquid with a strong, fishy odor.
Cyclohexylamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor for boiler feed water, and to make other chemicals and insecticides.

Cyclohexylamine appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia.
Cyclohexylamine is flash point 90 °F.

Cyclohexylamine is also used in rubber industry for manufacturing of vulcanization accelerators.
Moreover, increasing use in making synthetic sweeteners and for industrial water treatments will further augment the industry growth.
Some other amines, especially morpholine is replacing Cyclohexylamine demand in water boiler treatment may act as a restraint for industrial cyclohexylamine market over the forecasted period of time.

Cyclohexylamine generally is found from wood plant of toddalia asiatica.
Cyclohexylamine is a strong base and a flammable liquid.

Cyclohexylamine is manufactured by the catalyst hydrogenation of aniline at high pressure and temperature by the reduction of nitrocyclohexane or by the ammonolysis of cyclohexanol.
Cyclohexylamine is colourless or yellowish colour liquid with odour of ammonia or fish.
Cyclohexylamine is also referred as Hexahydroaniline, Aminohexahydrobenzene, Aminocyclohexane and Cyclohexanamine.

Cyclohexylamine is irritates the eyes and respiratory system.
Skin contact may cause burns.
Cyclohexylamine is less dense than water.

Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.
Cyclohexylamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.

Cyclohexylamine is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.
Cyclohexylamine is a natural product found in Zanthoxylum asiaticum and Phaseolus vulgaris with data available.

Cyclohexylamine is used in the manufacturing of chemical intermediates, insecticide intermediates, rubber accelerators, water treatment chemicals and corrosion inhibitors.
Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.

Cyclohexylamine is a colorless organic liquid having a substituent of an amine group.
Cyclohexylamine is used in low-pressure boilers where the condensate works for a longer period of time.

Cyclohexylamine is used especially for the industrial water treatment, for the production of cure accelerator, for the manufacturing of synthetic sweeteners and in a rubber industry for Cyclohexylamineion of vulcanisation accelerators.
Cyclohexylamine is typically used as an intermediate in synthesis for different herbicides, antioxidants and pharmaceuticals.

Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization and is a building block for pharmaceuticals.

Cyclohexylamine is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.
Cyclohexylamine has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Cyclohexylamine is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.

Cyclohexylamine is a colorless organic liquid having a substituent of an amine group.
Cyclohexylamine is used in low-pressure boilers where the condensate works for a longer period of time.

Cyclohexylamine can remain along with condensate steam at various steam pressures which cannot be done with other neutralizing amines.
Cyclohexylamine is a metabolite of cyclamate and has been found to be useful in production of other organic compounds.

Cyclohexylamine is a food contaminant arising from Cyclohexylamine use as a boiler water additive Cyclohexylamine, also called hexahydroaniline, 1-aminocyclohexane, or aminohexahydrobenzene, is an organic chemical, an amine derived from cyclohexane.
Cyclohexylamine is a clear to yellowish liquid with fishy odor, with melting point of 17.7 °C and boiling point 134.5 °C, miscible with water.

Cyclohexylamine is flammable, with flash point at 28.6 °C.
Explosive mixtures with air can be formed above 26 °C.

Cyclohexylamine is toxic by both ingestion and inhalation; the inhalation itself may be fatal.
Cyclohexylamine readily absorbs through skin, which Cyclohexylamine irritates.

Cyclohexylamine is corrosive.
Cyclohexylamine is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act

Although cyclohexylamine was not considered to be harmful to human health at levels of exposure considered in the assessment, Cyclohexylamine is considered to have a health effect of concern due to Cyclohexylamines potential to cause reproductive effects.

Therefore, there may be a concern if exposures were to increase.
The proposed follow-up activity for cyclohexylamine is to apply the SNAc provisions of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999.

Cyclohexylamine also has some health hazardous effects including toxic and caustic.
Cyclohexylamine also cause irritation in eyes and also there is possible risk of impaired fertility.

On the basis of Cyclohexylamine application, industrial cyclohexylamine market can be segmented into artificial sweeteners, corrosion inhibitors, accelerators in rubber industry, water treatment industry.
Cyclohexylamine is also used in manufacturing several synthetic chemicals, including acid gas absorbents, dry cleaning soaps, dyes, emulsifying agents, plasticizers and insecticides.

Among these, water treatment industry hold a major share in application segment.
Upsurge in use of rubber in various end uses is likely to drive Cyclohexylamine market over the estimated years.

Industrial cyclohexylamine market can be divided on the basis of end user industry into agriculture, chemical, dyes & pigments, rubber, food, oil, pharmaceutical, petroleum and textile industries.
Amongst, chemical synthesis and rubber industry holds a maximum portion in end user industry segment and is considered to remain the same during the forecasted years.

North America industrial cyclohexylamine market will witness significant growth due to presence of substantial number of industries in the region.
Rising research & development activities in the region will provide positive outlook to the industry growth.

Upsurge in chemical and pharmaceutical industries will be the key reasons for propelling the future growth.
Boom in shale gas & oil in the U.S. may have a positive effect on the industry market.

Europe industrial cyclohexylamine market is the second biggest market and the region will observe the same strong trend over the estimated years.
Rise in automotive industries has raised the demand for tyres, thereby impelling the industry demand.
Propagating textile and chemical sector in the region will further enhance the market.

Asia Pacific industrial cyclohexylamine market is the fastest growing region owing to rapid industrialization & urbanization and expanding textile & pharmaceutical industries.
Increasing number of water treatment plants owing to growing population will boost the industry demand.
Also, upsurge in chemical activities in various countries in the region will support the market.

Applications of Cyclohexylamine:
Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization.

Cyclohexylamine is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators).
The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor.

The herbicide hexazinone and the anesthetic hexylcaine are derived from cyclohexylamine.
Cyclohexylamine has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.

Uses of Cyclohexylamine:
Cyclohexylamine is used to inhibit corrosion in boiler feed water and to manufacture insecticides, plasticizers, dry-cleaning soaps, rubber chemicals, dye stuffs, and gas absorbents.
Cyclohexylamine is boiler water treatment, rubber accelerator, intermediate in organic synthesis

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Cyclohexylamine is used in the following products: water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.
Cyclohexylamine is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and offshore mining.

Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Uses at industrial sites:
Cyclohexylamine is used in the following products: water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.
Cyclohexylamine has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Cyclohexylamine is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and offshore mining.
Cyclohexylamine is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Cyclohexylamine can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Corrosion inhibitor
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
Fuel
Heat transferring agent
Intermediate
Intermediates
Lubricating agent
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Processing aids not otherwise specified
Solvent

Consumer Uses:
Corrosion inhibitor
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
Fuel
Intermediate
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Preparation of Cyclohexylamine:

Cyclohexylamine is produced by two routes, the main one being the complete hydrogenation of aniline using some cobalt- or nickel-based catalysts:
C6H5NH2 + 3 H2 → C6H11NH2

Cyclohexylamine is also prepared by alkylation of ammonia using cyclohexanol.

Manufacturing Methods
Prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temp and pressures.
Fractionation of crude reaction product yields cyclohexylamine, unchanged aniline, and high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine (cyclohexylaniline) and dicyclohexylamine.

Cyclohexylamine is formed by the reaction of ammonia and cyclohexanol at high temperature and pressure in the presence of a silica-alumina catalyst.

General Manufacturing Information of Cyclohexylamine:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (requires additional information)
Rubber Product Manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
Utilities

Human Metabolite Information of Cyclohexylamine:

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Reactivity Profile of Cyclohexylamine:
Cyclohexylamine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Handling and Storage of Cyclohexylamine:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Cyclohexylamine without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material.
For hydrazine, absorb with DRY sand or inert absorbent (vermiculite or absorbent pads).
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Safe Storage:
Separated from acids, oxidants, aluminium, copper, zinc and food and feedstuffs.

Storage Conditions:
Outside or detached storage is preferred.
Avoid oxidizing materials, acid, and sources of halogen.
Store in a cool, dry well-ventilated location.

First Aid Measures of Cyclohexylamine:
Cyclohexylamine is an alkaline-corrosive agent.
Contact with eyes may result in severe damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and blood vessels.
Caution is advised.

Signs and Symptoms of Cyclohexylamine Exposure:
Acute exposure to cyclohexylamine may result in irritation and burning of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
Light-headedness, drowsiness, slurred speech, pupillary dilation, increased salivation, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), abdominal pain, and spontaneous vomiting may occur.

Stridor (high-pitched, noisy respirations), dyspnea (shortness of breath), and pulmonary edema are also common.
Apathy and mental confusion may develop, with progression to coma and death.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to cyclohexylamine exposure may require decontamination and life support for the victims.
Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination.

Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary.
Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:
Move victims to fresh air.
Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cyclohexylamine.

Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma.
If no pulse is detected, provide CPR.

If not breathing, provide artificial respiration.
If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:
Remove victims from exposure.
Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cyclohexylamine.

Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma.
If no pulse is detected, provide CPR.

If not breathing, provide artificial respiration.
If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.
If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 30 minutes.

Wash exposed skin areas for at least 15 minutes with water.
Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.
Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:
Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma.
If no pulse is detected, provide CPR.

If not breathing, provide artificial respiration.
If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize!
Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

Activated charcoal is of no value.
Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup).
Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert.
Transport to a health care facility.

Fire Fighting of Cyclohexylamine:
Wear self-contained (positive pressure if available) breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.
Use dry chemical, alcohol foam or carbon dioxide; water may be ineffective.

Move container from fire area if you can do Cyclohexylamine without risk.
Stay away from ends of tanks.

Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tank due to fire.

Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry.
Isolate for one-half mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.
Stay upwind; keep out of low areas.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide.
Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
Solid streams of water may be ineffective and spread material.

Identifiers of Cyclohexylamine:
CAS Number: 108-91-8
3DMet: B00135
ChEBI: CHEBI:15773
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1794762
ChemSpider: 7677
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.300
EC Number: 203-629-0
IUPHAR/BPS: 5507
KEGG: C00571
PubChem CID: 7965
RTECS number: GX0700000
UNII: I6GH4W7AEG
CompTox Dashboard (EPA):
DTXSID1023996
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H2
Key: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N check
InChI=1/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H2
Key: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYAP
SMILES: NC1CCCCC1

CAS number: 108-91-8
EC index number: 612-050-00-6
EC number: 203-629-0
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₃N
Chemical formula: C₆H₁₁NH₂
Molar Mass: 99.18 g/mol
HS Code: 2921 30 10

Synonym(s): Aminocyclohexane
Linear Formula: C6H11NH2
CAS Number: 108-91-8
Molecular Weight: 99.17
Beilstein: 471175
EC Number: 203-629-0
MDL number: MFCD00001486
PubChem Substance ID: 24854426
NACRES: NA.22

EC / List no.: 203-629-0
CAS no.: 108-91-8
Mol. formula: C6H13N

CAS: 108-91-8
Molecular Formula: C6H13N
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 99.18
InChI Key: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 7965
ChEBI: CHEBI:15773
IUPAC Name: cyclohexanamine
SMILES: C1CCC(CC1)N

Properties of Cyclohexylamine:
Chemical formula: C6H13N
Molar mass: 99.17
Appearance: clear to yellowish liquid
Odor: strong, fishy, amine odor
Density: 0.8647 g/cm3
Melting point: −17.7 °C (0.1 °F; 255.5 K)
Boiling point: 134.5 °C (274.1 °F; 407.6 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible
Solubility: very soluble in ethanol, oil
miscible in ethers, acetone, esters, alcohol, ketones
Vapor pressure: 11 mmHg (20° C)
Acidity (pKa): 10.64
Refractive index (nD): 1.4565

Boiling point: 133 - 134 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.866 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.6 - 9.4 %(V)
Flash point: 27 °C
Ignition temperature: 265 °C
Melting Point: -17 °C
pH value: 11.5 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 30.66 hPa (37.7 °C)

Vapor density: 3.42 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200

Vapor pressure:
10 mmHg ( 22 °C)
23 mmHg ( 37.7 °C)

Assay: ≥99.9%
Form: liquid
Autoignition temp.: 559 °F
Refractive index: n20/D 1.459 (lit.)
bp: 134 °C (lit.)
mp: −17 °C (lit.)

Solubility:
Organic solvents: miscible
Water: miscible

Density: 0.867 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: NC1CCCCC1
InChI: 1S/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H2
InChI key: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 99.17
XLogP3: 1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 99.104799419
Monoisotopic Mass: 99.104799419
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 46.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Cyclohexylamine:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.866 - 0.868
Water (K. F.): ≤ 0.30 %
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: -17.0°C
Density: 0.8665g/mL
Boiling Point: 133.0°C to 134.0°C
Flash Point: 27°C
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (GC)
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Linear Formula: C6H11NH2
Beilstein: 12,5
Packaging: Glass bottle
Merck Index: 15,2722
Refractive Index: 1.4580 to 1.4600
Quantity: 2.5 L
Specific Gravity: 0.8665
Formula Weight: 99.18
Percent Purity: 99%
Viscosity: 2.4 mPa.s (20°C)
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Cyclohexylamine

Related Products of Cyclohexylamine:
N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide
N,N-Dimethylpiperidine-4-sulfonamide Hydrochloride
Des-4-methylenepiperidine Efinaconazole
2,3-Difluorophenyl Efinaconazole Diol
3-Isobutylaniline

Names of Cyclohexylamine:

Regulatory process names:
1-Aminocyclohexane
1-Cyclohexylamine
Aminocyclohexane
Aminohexahydrobenzene
Aniline, hexahydro-
Benzenamine, hexahydro-
CHA
Cyclohexylamine
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexylamine
cyclohexylamine
Hexahydroaniline
Hexahydrobenzenamine

Translated names:
CHA (pl)
ciclo-hexilamina (pt)
cicloesilammina (it)
ciclohexilamina (es)
ciclohexilamină (ro)
cikloheksilamin (sl)
cikloheksilaminas (lt)
cikloheksilamīns (lv)
ciklohexil-amin (hu)
cikoheksilamin (hr)
cyclohexylamin (da)
Cyclohexylamin (de)
cyclohexylamine (fr)
cyclohexylamine (nl)
cykloheksylamin (no)
cykloheksyloamina (pl)
cyklohexylamin (cs)
cyklohexylamin (sv)
cyklohexylamín (sk)
sykloheksyyliamiini (fi)
tsükloheksüülamiin (et)
ċikloeżilammina (mt)
κυκλοεξυλαμίνη (el)
циклохексиламин (bg)

CAS name:
Cyclohexanamine

IUPAC names:
cyclohexamine
Cyclohexanamine
cyclohexanamine
Cyclohexylamin
Cyclohexylamine
cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylamine
cyclohexylamine
N-ethyl-1- phenylcyclohexan-1-amine

Preferred IUPAC name:
Cyclohexanamine

Trade names:
1-AMINOCYCLOHEXAN
AMINOHEXAHYDROBENZOL
CHA
CYCLOHEXANAMIN
CYCLOHEXYLAMIN
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexylamine
cyclohexylamine
HEXAHYDROANILIN

Other names:
Aminocyclohexane
Aminohexahydrobenzene
Hexahydroaniline
Hexahydrobenzenamine

Other identifiers:
108-91-8
1357848-57-7
1357848-57-7
143247-75-0
143247-75-0
1533423-50-5
1533423-50-5
157973-60-9
157973-60-9
612-050-00-6

Synonyms of Cyclohexylamine:
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE
Cyclohexanamine
108-91-8
Aminocyclohexane
Hexahydroaniline
Hexahydrobenzenamine
Aminohexahydrobenzene
Cyclohexyl amine
1-Cyclohexylamine
1-Aminocyclohexane
Aniline, hexahydro-
Benzenamine, hexahydro-
Aminocylcohexane
cyclohexyl-amine
1-AMINO-CYCLOHEXANE
CCRIS 3645
HSDB 918
cyclohexaneamine
UNII-I6GH4W7AEG
Cyclohexylamine.HCl
I6GH4W7AEG
157973-60-9
CHEBI:15773
MFCD00001486
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
CAS-108-91-8
HAI
EINECS 203-629-0
UN2357
BRN 0471175
cylohexylamine
cyclohexylarnine
cyclo-hexylamine
AI3-15323
cyclohexane-amine
n-cyclohexylamine
cyclohexanyl amine
Hexahydro-Aniline
monocyclohexylamine
4-Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexylamine,(S)
Hexahydro-Benzenamine
Cyclohexanamine, 9CI
CyNH2
Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive]
Cyclohexylamine, 99.5%
bmse000451
EC 203-629-0
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI]
4-12-00-00008 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BIDD:ER0290
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB]
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [INCI]
GTPL5507
CHEMBL1794762
DTXSID1023996
BDBM81970
BCP30928
Tox21_202380
Tox21_300038
STK387114
ZINC12358775
AKOS000119083
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
UN 2357
VS-0326
Aminocyclohexane pound>>Hexahydroaniline
NCGC00247889-01
NCGC00247889-02
NCGC00253922-01
NCGC00259929-01
AM802905
BP-21278
CAS_108-91-8
NCI60_004907
GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
Cyclohexylamine 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.9%
FT-0624217
EN300-16958
C00571
J-002206
J-520164
Q1147539
F2190-0381
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE (CHA)
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a conjugate base of a cyclohexylammonium.

CAS: 108-91-8
MF: C6H13N
MW: 99.17
EINECS: 203-629-0

Synonyms
1-Aminocyclohexane;1-Cyclohexylamine;aminocyclohexane[qr];Aminohexahydrobenzene;aminohexahydrobenzene[qr];Aniline, hexahydro-;Benzenamine, hexahydro-;benzenamine,hexahydro-[qr];CYCLOHEXYLAMINE;Cyclohexanamine;108-91-8;Aminocyclohexane;Hexahydroaniline;Hexahydrobenzenamine;Aminohexahydrobenzene;1-Cyclohexylamine;Cyclohexyl amine;1-Aminocyclohexane;Aniline, hexahydro-;Benzenamine, hexahydro-;cyclohexyl-amine;CCRIS 3645;HSDB 918;UNII-I6GH4W7AEG;1-AMINO-CYCLOHEXANE;cyclohexaneamine;I6GH4W7AEG;monocyclohexylamine;EINECS 203-629-0;BRN 0471175;DTXSID1023996;CHEBI:15773;AI3-15323;Cyclohexylamine.HCl;157973-609;DTXCID203996;Aminocylcohexane;EC 203-629-0;4-12-00-00008 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
;MFCD00001486;Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive];CAS-108-91-8;HAI;GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY);GLIPIZIDE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY];UN2357;cylohexylamine;cyclohexylarnine;cyclo-hexylamine;cyclohexane-amine;n-cyclohexylamine;cyclohexanyl amine;Hexahydro-Aniline
;4-Cyclohexylamine;Glipizide Imp. B (EP); Sodium Cyclamate Imp. C (EP); Cyclohexanamine; Glipizide Impurity B; ;Sodium Cyclamate Impurity C;Cyclohexylamine,(S);Hexahydro-Benzenamine
;Cyclohexanamine, 9CI;CyNH2;Cyclohexylamine [UN2357] [Corrosive];Cyclohexylamine, 99.5%;bmse000451;CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [MI];BIDD:ER0290;CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [HSDB];CYCLOHEXYLAMINE [INCI];GTPL5507;CHEMBL1794762;BDBM81970;BCP30928;Tox21_202380;Tox21_300038;AKOS000119083;Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), 99%;UN 2357;VS-0326;Aminocyclohexane pound>>Hexahydroaniline;NCGC00247889-01;NCGC00247889-02;NCGC00253922-01;NCGC00259929-01;AM802905;BP-21278;CAS_108-91-8;NCI60_004907;Cyclohexylamine 1000 microg/mL in Methanol;Cyclohexylamine, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.9%;NS00001272;EN300-16958;C00571;J-002206;J-520164;Q1147539;F2190-0381;InChI=1/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a colorless to yellow liquid (amines, primary aromatic).
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has an unpleasant fishyodor.
Molecular weight=99.20; Specific gravity=0.87;Boiling point=134.4℃; Freezing/Melting point 52 -17.7℃; Vapor pressure=11 mmHg at 20℃; Flashpoint=31℃; Autoignition temperature=293℃.
Explosivelimits: LEL=1.5%; UEL=9.4%.
Hazard Identification(based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 3,Flammability 3,Reactivity 0.
Soluble in water.

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) appears as a clear colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of ammonia.
Flash point 90 °F.
Irritates the eyes and respiratory system.
Skin contact may cause burns.
Less dense than water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is an organic compound, belonging to the aliphatic amine class.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a colorless liquid, although, like many amines, samples are often colored due to contaminants.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has a fishy odor and is miscible with water.
Like other amines, Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a weak base, compared to strong bases such as NaOH, but it is a stronger base than its aromatic analog, aniline.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a useful intermediate in the production of many other organic compounds.

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is an organic compound of the aliphatic amine group, also known as aminocyclohexane and cyclohexane amine.
The chemical formula of this colorless liquid is C3H13N.
However, like other amines, Cyclohexylamine (CHA) may appear colored due to the presence of contaminants.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) smells like fish and can be mixed with water and other organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, ketones and aliphatic and aromatic esters.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) was introduced in 1893 but was not used economically in the United States until 1936.
But today Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is one of the most highly produced chemicals in the chemical industry and has an annual production of over one million in the United States.

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -17 °C
Boiling point: 134 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.867 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: 3.42 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 10 mm Hg ( 22 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.459(lit.)
Fp: 90 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: organic solvents: miscible
Form: Liquid
pka: 10.66(at 24℃)
Color: Clear
Odor: strong fishy odor
PH: 11.5 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Explosive limit: 1.6-9.4%(V)
Water Solubility: MISCIBLE
FreezingPoint: -17.7℃
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,2729
BRN: 471175
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 10 ppm (~40 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
Dielectric constant: 5.3(-21℃)
InChIKey: PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.7 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 108-91-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Cyclohexylamine (CHA)(108-91-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Cyclohexylamine (CHA) (108-91-8)

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a colorless to yellow liquid (amines, primary aromatic).
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has an unpleasant fishy odor.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is infinitely miscible with water and conventional organic solvents.
With water Cyclohexylamine (CHA) forms an azeotrope that contains 44.2 % cyclohexylamine and boils at 96.4℃.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) can be volatilized with water vapor.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) can absorb carbon dioxide in the air and form a white crystalline carbonate.
Aqueous solution is alkaline.
0.01% concentration of aqueous solution pH = 10.5.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA)'s vapor and air to form an explosive mixture.

Uses
In organic synthesis, manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, corrosion inhibitors, rubber chemicals, dyestuffs, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps, acid gas absorbents.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is used primarily as corrosion inhibitor and vulcanization accelerator.
Alone or mixed with other compounds, Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has an anticorrosive action, for example, when used as an additive in heating oil or in the operation of steam boilers.
Cyclohexylamine functions as a hardener for epoxy resins and as a catalyst for polyurethanes.
Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate and calcium cyclohexylsulfamate (cyclamates) are important artificial sweeteners.
In polyamide polymerizations, Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is employed as chain terminator to control the molecular mass.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is used in the manufacture of a number of products, including plasticizers, drycleaning soaps, insecticides, and emulsifying agents.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is also used as a corrosion inhibitor and in organic synthesis.

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is the precursor to sulfenamide-based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a building block for pharmaceuticals (e.g., mucolytics, analgesics, and bronchodilators).
The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor.
The herbicide hexazinone and the anesthetic hexylcaine are derived from Cyclohexylamine (CHA).
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry.

Industrial uses
The primary use of Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is as a corrosion inhibitor in boiler water treatment and in oil field applications (HSDB 1989).
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is also a chemical intermediate for rubber processing chemicals, dyes (acid blue 62, former use), cyclamate artificial sweeteners and herbicides and a processing agent for nylon fiber production.
Windholz et al. reports its use in the manufacture of insecticides, plasticizers, emulsifying agents, dry-cleaning soaps, and acid gas absorbents.

Production Methods
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is produced by the reaction of ammonia and cyclohexanol at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a silica-alumina catalyst.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is also prepared by a similar process of catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and pressure.
Fractionation of the product of this reaction yields CHA, aniline, and a high-boiling residue containing n-phenylcyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine.
In 1982, U.S. production was 4.54 metric tons and 739.3 metric tons were imported into the U.S.

Reactions
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) reacts with chlorine to form N,N-dichlorocyclohexylamine.
N-Cyclohexylidenecyclohexylamine reacts with chloramine to give 1-cyclohexyl-3,3-pentamethylenediaziridine, which can be hydrolyzed to give cyclohexylhydrazine.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) and formaldehyde together react with peracetic acid to give 2-cyclohexyloxaziridine.
In addition to using alkyl halides, alkyl sulfates, or alkyl phosphates, cyclohexylamine can be alkylated with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, such as aluminum oxide, copper, nickel, cobalt, or platinum, or by the Leuckart – Wallach method.

Reactivity Profile
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Preparation
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is produced by two routes, the main one being the complete hydrogenation of aniline using some cobalt- or nickel-based catalysts:

C6H5NH2 + 3 H2 → C6H11NH2
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is also prepared by alkylation of ammonia using cyclohexanol.

Toxicity
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) has a low acute toxicity with LD50 (rat; p.o.) = 0.71 ml/kg[6] Like other amines, it is corrosive.
Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is listed as an extremely hazardous substance as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has suggested workers not be exposed to a recommended exposure limit of over 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) over an eight-hour workshift.
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE BENZOATE
Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) IUPAC Name benzoic acid;cyclohexanamine Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) InChI InChI=1S/C7H6O2.C6H13N/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6;7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,(H,8,9);6H,1-5,7H2 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) InChI Key CIFYUXXXOJJPOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Canonical SMILES C1CCC(CC1)N.C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)O Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Molecular Formula C13H19NO2 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) CAS 3129-92-8 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) European Community (EC) Number 221-516-4 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) NSC Number 211025 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID4062856 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Physical Description DryPowder Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Molecular Weight 221.29 g/mol Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 3 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Rotatable Bond Count 1 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Exact Mass 221.141579 g/mol Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Monoisotopic Mass 221.141579 g/mol Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Topological Polar Surface Area 63.3 Ų Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Heavy Atom Count 16 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Formal Charge 0 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Complexity 150 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Isotope Atom Count 0 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2 Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is used as pharmaceutical intermediate,volatile corrosion Inhibitor.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is a white (or colorless) solid with the formula C6H5CO2H. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source. Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) occurs naturally in many plants and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. Salts of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) are used as food preservatives. Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances. The salts and esters of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) are known as benzoates.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) was discovered in the sixteenth century. The dry distillation of gum benzoin was first described by Nostradamus (1556), and then by Alexius Pedemontanus (1560) and Blaise de Vigenère (1596).Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler determined the composition of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) .These latter also investigated how hippuric acid is related to Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) .In 1875 Salkowski discovered the antifungal abilities of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) , which was used for a long time in the preservation of benzoate-containing cloudberry fruits.It is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum. This compound is gathered from the castor sacs of the North American beaver.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen.The first industrial process involved the reaction of benzotrichloride (trichloromethyl benzene) with calcium hydroxide in water, using iron or iron salts as catalyst. The resulting calcium benzoate is converted to Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) with hydrochloric acid. The product contains significant amounts of chlorinated Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) derivatives. For this reason, Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) for human consumption was obtained by dry distillation of gum benzoin. Food-grade Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is now produced synthetically.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is cheap and readily available, so the laboratory synthesis of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is mainly practiced for its pedagogical value. It is a common undergraduate preparation.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water. The avoidance of organic solvents for the recrystallization makes this experiment particularly safe. This process usually gives a yield of around 65%.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) and its salts are used as a food preservatives, represented by the E numbers E210, E211, E212, and E213. Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria. It is either added directly or created from reactions with its sodium, potassium, or calcium salt. The mechanism starts with the absorption of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) into the cell. If the intracellular pH changes to 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose through phosphofructokinase is decreased by 95%. The efficacy of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) and benzoate is thus dependent on the pH of the food. Acidic food and beverage like fruit juice (citric acid), sparkling drinks (carbon dioxide), soft drinks (phosphoric acid), pickles (vinegar) or other acidified food are preserved with Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) and benzoates.Typical levels of use for Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) as a preservative in food are between 0.05–0.1%. Foods in which Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) may be used and maximum levels for its application are controlled by local food laws.Concern has been expressed that Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) and its salts may react with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in some soft drinks, forming small quantities of carcinogenic benzene.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is a constituent of Whitfield's ointment which is used for the treatment of fungal skin diseases such as tinea, ringworm, and athlete's foot.As the principal component of gum benzoin, Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is also a major ingredient in both tincture of benzoin and Friar's balsam. Such products have a long history of use as topical antiseptics and inhalant decongestants.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is a precursor to benzoyl chloride, C6H5C(O)Cl by treatment with thionyl chloride, phosgene or one of the chlorides of phosphorus. Benzoyl chloride is an important starting material for several Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) derivates like benzyl benzoate, which is used in artificial flavours and insect repellents.In teaching laboratories, Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is a common standard for calibrating a bomb calorimeter.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) occurs naturally as do its esters in many plant and animal species. Appreciable amounts are found in most berries (around 0.05%). Ripe fruits of several Vaccinium species (e.g., cranberry, V. vitis macrocarpon; bilberry, V. myrtillus) contain as much as 0.03–0.13% free Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) . Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is also formed in apples after infection with the fungus Nectria galligena. Among animals, Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) has been identified primarily in omnivorous or phytophageous species, e.g., in viscera and muscles of the rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) as well as in gland secretions of male muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) or Asian bull elephants (Elephas maximus).Gum benzoin contains up to 20% of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) and 40% Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) esters.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is an organic compound which is described by the chemical formula C6H5COOH. It consists of a carboxyl group attached to a benzene ring. Therefore, Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is said to be an aromatic carboxylic acid. This compound exists as a crystalline, colorless solid under normal conditions. The term ‘benzoate’ refers to the esters and salts of C6H5COOH.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is not very soluble in water. However, the solubility of this compound in water increases when the temperature is increased (as is the case with most compounds). At a temperature of 0 degrees celsius, the solubility of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) in water corresponds to 1.7 grams per litre. When heated to 100 degrees celsius, the solubility of this compound in water increases to 56.31 grams per litre.The commercial production of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is done via the partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen, catalyzed by manganese or cobalt naphthenates. This chemical reaction is illustrated below.Another industrial method of preparing Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is by reacting tri-chlorotoluene with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water, and the treatment of the calcium benzoate product with hydrochloric acid.Although it’s not the most-dangerous chemical you might find in the workplace, proper handling of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is a must to avoid injuries and health risks while on the job.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is a white, crystalline powder with a faint, non-offensive odor. It is a compound naturally found in many plants and is an important precursor for the synthesis of many other organic substances.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) is most commonly found in industrial settings to manufacture a wide variety of products such as perfumes, dyes, topical medications and insect repellents.Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat)’s salt (sodium benzoate) is commonly used as a pH adjustor and preservative in food, preventing the growth of microbes to keep food safe. It works by changing the internal pH of microorganisms to an acidic state that is incompatible with their growth and survival.Studies of the subacute toxicity of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) in mice indicated that ingestion of Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) or its sodium salt caused weight loss, diarrhea, irritation of internal membranes, internal bleeding, enlargement of liver and kidney, hypersensitivity, and paralysis followed by death. When Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) (80 mg/kg body weight) and sodium bisulfate (160 mg/kg body weight) or their mixture (Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat)/sodim bisulfate = 80 mg/160 mg) were fed to mice for 10 weeks, the death rate was 66% from the mixture and 32% from Cyclohexylamine Benzoate (Sikloheksilamin Benzoat) alone.
CYCLOHEXYLAMINE-N,N-DI -METHYL CYCLOHEXYLAMINE 
SYNONYMS Cyclohexanamine; Aminocyclohexane; CHA; Cyclohexylamine; Hexahydrobenzenamine; Aminohexahydrobenzene; Hexahydroaniline; 1-Aminocyclohexane; 1-Cyclohexylamine; CAS NO. 108-91-8;
CYCLOHEXYLETHANOL
CYCLOMETHICONE, N° CAS : 69430-24-6 / 556-67-2 / 541-02-6 / 540-97-6, Nom INCI : CYCLOMETHICONE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : - / 209-136-7 / 208-764-9 / 208-762-8, Ses fonctions (INCI) Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques
CYCLOMETHICONE
CYCLOPENTADECANONE, N° CAS : 502-72-7, Nom INCI : CYCLOPENTADECANONE, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 207-951-2, Ses fonctions (INCI), Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit
CYCLOMETHICONE
CYCLOMETHICONE


CAS Number: 69430-24-6 / 556-67-2 / 541-02-6 / 540-97-6
EC Number: - / 209-136-7 / 208-764-9 / 208-762-8
D4 (cyclotetrasiloxane) 0.000 - 0.099%
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) 96.000 - 100.000%
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) 0.000 - 4.000%


Cyclomethicone is a clear, odorless silicone.
Cyclomethicone is a 100% active cyclic silicone polymer blend consisting of siloxane D4 (cyclotetrasiloxane) and siloxane D5 (Cyclopentasiloxane).
Cyclic silicones are low-molecular weight silicones and are not viscous but very fluid and often used as solvents.


Linear silicones (e.g. dimethicone) are large high-molecular polymers that are viscous and more oil-like.
Cyclomethicone rapidly evaporates without cooling the skin.
Cyclomethicone leaves the skin dry, smooth and silky.
Cyclomethicone is ideal carrier for makeup, other color cosmetic skin creams, deodorants and stick products without the oily feel.


Cyclomethicone provides excellent stability and aesthetics.
Cyclomethicone is a mixture of D4, D5 and D6 silicones, in varying proportions.
Cyclomethicone leaves a silky smooth feel when sprayed on the skin.
Ideal for body sprays, lotions creams, bath salts, hair care, linen sprays etc.


Cyclomethicone stays completely blended and crystal clear without shaking.
Cyclomethicone is not one type of silicone, but a whole mixture of them: it's a mix of specific chain length (4 to 7) cyclic structured silicone molecules.
Cyclomethicone is a completely clear liquid ingredient that gives skin care products the quality of being able to spread easily and smoothly, especially across skin.


Cyclomethicone's structure is cyclical and has a low molecular weight.
Cyclocmethicone’s structure limits its ability to penetrate through the dermis layer, which means the molecules mingle with dry skin before evaporating quickly.
Cyclomethicone has many uses and is in skin lotions, fragrances, and hair conditioners.


Cyclomethicone is a silicone-based compound that is in the form of a clear, odorless liquid.
Cyclomethicone is responsible for giving a silky texture to the skin or hair, and also aids the spreadability of the product.
Cyclomethicone works really well with the other ingredients in a formulation and helps stabilize the product.
Cyclomethicone can not only improve the texture of the surface that it is applied on, but also the texture of the product itself.


The chemical formula of Cyclomethicone is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclomethicone is made by the hydrolysis of dichloride.
This process produces a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.
This on further distillation produces a polymer mixture of Cyclomethicone.


Cyclomethicone is a general term describing both individual and/or a mixture of cyclic siloxane materials that have many uses and are found in a variety of consumer products.
These materials are derived from the natural elements silicon and oxygen.
Cyclomethicone is synthetic silicone oil.


Cyclomethicone works in a variety ways, namely as a conditioning agent, solvent, humectant, carrying agent and viscosity controlling agent.
Like all other silicones, Cyclomethicone has a unique fluidity that makes it easily spreadable.
When applied to the skin and hair, it gives a silky & slippery feeling to the touch and acts a mild water repellent by forming a protective barrier on the skin.
Cyclomethicone can also fill in fine lines/wrinkles, giving the face a temporary “plump” look.


Cyclomethicone is a cyclic volatile silicone polymer blend made up of siloxane D4 and siloxane D5.
They are generally considered as low molecular weight silicones and not viscous as compared to their linear part, those are viscous and more oil like.
Cyclomethicone comes as slightly hazy to clear liquid.
Cyclomethicone is a Fully methylated cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane


Cyclomethicone is a blend of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane with a low viscosity, a relatively high volatility and a cyclic structure.
Cyclomethicone is a base fluid and volatile carrier suitable for use in a number of personal care products.
Cyclomethicone is non-greasy and leaves no oily residue or build-up and imparts a soft silky feel to skin.


Cyclomethicone is a volatile silicone that gives slip to skincare products, improves their texture, and carries active ingredients into the skin before evaporating into thin air.
Cyclomethicone’s safe to use and doesn’t clog pores.
Cyclomethicones are silicones that possess a cyclical structure rather than the linear structures of dimethyl silicones.


Low heat of vaporization and the ability to select a desired vapor pressure has led to their use in cosmetic formulations as base fluids and carrying agents.
Cyclomethicones are cyclic circular silicones of low molecular weight that evaporate quickly.
Their volatility, excellent spreading and lubrication make them ideal carriers for other ingredients and excellent light conditioners for hair and skin.


Non-greasy, cyclomethicone leaves no oily residue or buildup and imparts a soft silky feel to skin.
"Cyclomethicone" is actually used for a group of silicones with a ring structure.
Cyclopentasiloxane has a higher flash point so that you can ship your room sprays or perfumes on an airplane without worry.
Cyclopentasiloxane is the perfect balance between volatility (quick drying) and spreadability.


Cyclomethicones are unmodified silicones that possess a cyclical structure rather than the chain structures of dimethyl silicones.
Low heat of vaporization and the ability to select a desired vapor pressure has led their use as cosmetic vehicles.
Cyclomethicone is unmodified silicones stay on or near the surface of the skin.
Not only are the molecules too big to physically enter past the upper living cells, they associate with the upper layer of drying skin but they also cannot penetrate cell membranes due to their large size.


Cyclomethicone is a clear, odorless silicone.
Cyclomethicone is non-polar and insoluble in water.
Cyclomethicone stays completely blended and crystal clear without shaking.
Cyclomethicones evaporate quickly after helping to carry oils into the top layer of epidermis.


From there, they may be absorbed by the skin.
Cyclomethicones perform a similar function in hair care products by helping nutrients enter the hair shaft.
Cyclomethicone is non-greasy and evaporates quickly, making it ideal for use as a base in room and linen mists, as well as in cosmetic products.
Try using 5% fragrance oil in cyclomethicone as a room mist.


Cyclomethicones are cyclic (circular) silicones of low molecular weight that possess a cyclical structure rather than a chain structure (like Dimethicone).
Some cyclic silicones are volatile (they evaporate) while others are not.
Cyclic silicones that are volatile include D4 (Cyclotetrasiloxane), D5 (Cyclopentasiloxane) and D6 (Cyclohexasiloxane).


In general, the lower the number, the more volatile the cyclic silicone and the faster it evaporates.
Cyclomethicone's volatility, excellent spreading and lubrication qualities make it an ideal carrier for other ingredients and excellent light conditioners for hair and skin.
Non-greasy, Cyclomethicone leaves no oily residue or build-up and imparts a soft silky feel to skin.


In the cosmetic industry, cyclic silicones are commonly referred to as Cyclomethicone.
Cyclomethicone is a minimum of 96% Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) and will contain no more than 0.0 - 0.099% (a maximum of 990 parts per million) of D4 Cycloteterasiloxane.
Cyclomethicone is silicone fluids are classified as synthetic.


You may already be familiar with silicones, probably the one you are most acquainted with is dimethicone.
Cyclomethicones have a similar function to dimethicone in that they help improve the texture of products, improve the appearance of scarring, improve the water-resistance of products, and emulsify the product.
However, Cyclomethicones are also better at delivering active ingredients to the skin.


All the silicones in the Cyclomethicone mixture are volatile, meaning they evaporate from the skin or hair rather than stay on it.
This means that Cyclomethicone has a light skin feel with none-to-minimal after-feel.
Cyclomethicone also makes the formulas easy to spread and has nice emollient properties.
Cyclomethicone is created as an alternative emollient to existing products, cyclomethicone’s chemical structure allows for easy application across the skin while reducing pore entry and skin stickiness.


Skin care products delivering dimethicone and essential oils now rely on cyclomethicone for easy application of products.
This element differs from other silicones because its silicones have a lower molecular weight that remains unmodified. It also possesses a cyclical structure.
These elements make a cosmetic delivery system because of the low heat levels required for vaporization.


Silicones in an unmodified state remain on or near the skin’s surface in part because of the molecule’s size, which prevents passage beyond the outer parts of the skin.
The basic structure is common to all cyclomethicones: a cyclic backbone of siloxane units (i.e., silicon and oxygen with molecules of carbon and hydrogen attached, all very common elements found in nature).


Shorthand nomenclature is based upon the number of siloxane groups that are in the cyclic structure.
Thus, cyclomethicone D5 (also known as cyclopentasiloxane) has five of these groups, cyclomethicone D4 (also known as cyclotetrasiloxane) has four, etc.
Cyclomethicones are a subclass of silicone; there are many different cyclomethicones in that subclass.
Cyclomethicones are sometimes also called cyclosiloxanes, they are different names for the same class of chemicals.


The two most commonly used cyclomethicones are cyclopentasiloxane and cyclohexasiloxane.
Cyclomethicones have a ring-shaped structure that makes it more volatile or less stable.
This instability allows cyclomethicones to evaporate when applied to your skin—making cyclomethicones a great ingredient for products that need to go on smoothly but not remain sticky after application.
As all the cyclomethicone eventually evaporates, it leaves behind the other key components in the product to work their magic.
This action of evaporation makes it an excellent carrier ingredient.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CYCLOMETHICONE:
Cyclomethicone is used to blend with fragrance oils and perfume oils for after bath body mists.
Cyclomethicone will produce a luxurious body spray that feels dry.
Cyclomethicone is used in a wide variety of cosmetic applications such as antiperspirants, deodorants, lotions, creams, hair sprays, bath oils, makeup and nail polish.


For making clear sprays, pour Cyclomethicone in bottle and add fragrance oil.
Use in ratios of fragrance oil to Cyclomethicone from 1:3, to 1:6, or greater.
Cyclomethicone is a perfect addition to DIY lotion, conditioner, and perfume.
Cyclomethicone has a lightweight and silky texture that absorbs quickly into the skin.


Cyclomethicone is used at 1 to 5 percent of the total weight in lotion and conditioner.
Cyclomethicone can be used up to 100 percent for perfume.
Cyclomethicone has a great number of uses and benefits for the skin and hair.
Cyclomethicone is therefore used in a wide range of products when it comes to the cosmetic and skin/hair care industry.


Cyclomethicone ingredients are used in cosmetic products where eventual complete evaporation of the siloxane carrier fluid is desired.
In this way they are useful for products like deodorants and antiperspirants that need to coat the skin but not remain tacky afterward.
They provide other important product performance benefits such as facilitating a smooth texture and an even application.
Thus, they may also be found in sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, moisturizers, lotions, etc.


Because its molecules are too big to physically penetrate the skin, Cyclomethicone does not have any true moisturizing properties, but rather mostly functions as a carrying agent for other ingredients contained in a product.
Cyclomethicone's particularly useful at quickly delivering nutrients to the skin & hair and evaporating into the air.
Cyclomethicone can also work as a base solvent for perfume oils and fragrance oils, as well as an anti-static agent.


Cyclomethicone can be found in a variety of cosmetic products such as facial moisturizer/lotion, foundation, shampoo/conditioner, body spray, sunscreen, anti-aging treatment, antiperspirant/deodorant, concealer, hair dye and eye cream.
The use of cyclomethicone in the textile industry has caused a market revolution because it plays an important role in the manufacturing process to create functional fabrics, high performance, and intelligent textiles that can meet the needs of the customer.


Cyclomethicone is becoming more popular in the rubber industry due to its heat resistance, chemical stability, electrical insulation, abrasion resistance, and weatherability, which is expected to drive the Cyclomethicone market.
Cyclomethicones are commonly used as base solvents to blend fragrance oils, perfumes and other cosmetic formulations.
They evaporate quickly and they are miscible with a variety of cosmetics oils, waxes, hydrocarbons and silicone oils.


This property of cyclomethicones makes them a key ingredient in cosmetics as base solvents.
Cyclomethicone can be used to temporarly hydrophobise porous surfaces, or to remove Velvesil gel.
Cyclomethicone is a silicone that is used to improve the aesthetics of a formula (its dry finish can help make moisturisers feel less greasy).
Cyclomethicone's particularly useful as a hair conditioner because it provides a silky feel with out weighing the hair down with greasy residue.


Cyclomethicone uses and applications include: Antistat, emollient, humectant, solvent, viscous control agent in cosmetics; conditioner, emollient for hair care products, aerosols, sticks, shaving preparations, deodorants, antiperspirants; carrier, lubricant, spreading agent, detackifier for skin cleansers; water repellent in pharmaceuticals; surfactant tension reducer; spreading agent, leveling agent for pigments; thread lubricant.


Cyclomethicone is non-polar and insoluble in water but completely miscible in lower alcohols, aliphatics, aromatics and halogenated solvents and can be used in antiperspirants and skin care formulations.
Cyclomethicone is a volatile silicone oil used in hair and skincare products to impart skin conditioning, emolliency, shine and/or silkiness; to reduce the greasy feel of tanning oils; promotes easy spreadability, and leaves a soft, silky smooth feel to the skin.
Cyclomethicone vaporates quickly leaving little residue on the skin.


They are used to give a slippery feel, increase gloss and to make combing easier.
They are "temporary" conditioners, meaning that while they are wet, they help with combing, and give a nice feel to skin or hair, but they do evaporate.
They are clear, odorless, nonstaining, nongreasy, nonwaxy, nonsticky, and considered to be nonirritating to the skin and eyes.
Cyclomethicone is great for hair treatments, bath oils, creams and lotions, room/linen sprays, and more.


Cyclopentasiloxane adds a soft, talc-like feel and is the base for superb dry perfume oils.
Cyclomethicone is used to blend with fragrance oils or perfume oils for after bath body mists.
Cyclomethicone will produce a luxurious body spray that feels dry.
Cyclomethicone is used in a wide variety of cosmetic applications such as antiperspirants, deodorants, lotions, creams, hair sprays, bath oils, makeup and nail polish.


For making clear sprays, pour Cyclomethicone in bottle and add fragrance oil.
Use in ratios of fragrance oil to Cyclomethicone from 1:3, to 1:6, or greater.
Cyclomethicone is a volatile silicone oil used in hair and skincare products to impart skin conditioning, emolliency, shine and/or silkiness; to reduce the greasy feel of tanning oils; promotes easy spreadability, and leaves a soft, silky smooth feel to the skin.


Cyclomethicone’s chemical structure allows for easy application across the skin while reducing pore entry and skin stickiness.
Cyclomethicone’s structure limits its ability to penetrate through the dermis layer, which means the molecules mingle with dry skin before evaporating quickly.
Cyclomethicone has many uses in skin lotions, fragrances, and hair conditioners.


Cyclomethicone is used as a base solvent to blend with fragrance oils and perfume oils.
Cyclomethicone leaves a silky-smooth feel when sprayed on the skin. Ideal for body sprays, lotions creams, bath salts, hair care, linen sprays etc.
Cyclomethicone is a clear, colourless, volatile silicone oil used in hair and skincare products to impart conditioning, emolliency, shine and/or silkiness; to reduce the greasy feel of tanning oils; promotes easy spreadability, and leaves a soft, silky smooth feel to the skin.


Cyclomethicone evaporates quickly leaving little residue on the skin.
Cyclomethicone and most skincare products contain less than 5%.
Cyclomethicone is a fast spreading, volatile silicone solution used for a wide range of skincare and haircare products.
Cyclomethicone creates a barrier on the skin to prevent dehydration, as well as a very smooth afterfeel.


Cyclomethicone is a clear, odourless cosmetic-grade silicone.
Cyclomethicone prevents skin from feeling tacky after the product has been applied.
Cyclomethicones are clear, odorless liquids utilized in skincare products to give your skincare that silky texture.
Cyclomethicones are a type of silicone, so they help products to apply evenly and smoothly to your skin.


There are several types of silicones used in skincare and cosmetic products.
Dimethicone and cyclomethicone are useful and well-loved skin care ingredient derived from silicone. Dimethicone works in skin care as both a partial occlusive and an emollient (moisturizing) ingredient.
Cyclomethicone is one of my favorite ingredients for creating a light barrier cream to protect skin.


-Cosmetic Uses of Cyclomethicone:
*antistatic agents
*hair conditioning
*humectants
*skin conditioning - emollient
*solvents
*viscosity controlling agents


-Cosmetic applications of Cyclomethicone:
Antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions and sticks, bath oils, sun and shaving products, makeup and nail polishes.


Skincare uses of Cyclomethicone:
*Vapour barrier and smoothness
*Haircare Conditioning and smoothness
*Perfumes Useful as a solvent for perfumery


-Deodourants:
Solvent and carrier for deodourants and anti-perspirants


-Uses of Cyclomethicone:
*Topical pharmaceutical formulations
*Creams
*Gels
*Medicated treatments for skin and scalp applications


-Lotions:
1-20% to provide a soft velvety feel.

-Bath Salts:
Use instead of glycerin to add sheen to your bath salts and a silky feel to the bath water.

-Hair Care:
Spray on wet hair for easy combing or spray on hair to manage "frizz".

-After Bath Oil:
Blend with your ultimate oil blend, add fragrance and you have a wonderful bath oil.


-Skin care:
Cyclomethicone gives a smooth and silky touch to the skin.
Cyclomethicone is used in a variety of cosmetic products as it creates a barrier between the skin and the environment and thus protects it from the harmful external factors.
Cyclomethicone locks the moisture on the skin surface and prevents water loss.
Thus, Cyclomethicone is beneficial for dry and flaky skin. Moreover, it has also been known to improve the appearance of scars.


-Hair care:
Cyclomethicone is responsible for improving the texture of the formulations that it is added in.
Cyclomethicone gives luster and shine to the shafts while also making them appear healthier and bouncier.


-After Bath Oil/Shower Body Oil:
Cyclomethicone mix with your favorite oil blend in concentrations up to 50/50 and add FO or EO to desired strength.
Spray on skin after getting out of the bath or shower, and then towel dry.
Leaves skin silky & velvety without being greasy.


-Lotions:
Cyclomethicone adds to lotions, body butters, lotion bars, and creams to impart a decadent silky, soft velvety feeling!
Add up to 1% to pre-made lotion base or 5%-20% to lotion made from scratch.


-Bath Salts, Bath Oils, and Scrubs:
Cyclomethicone adds to bath oils or use instead of glycerin to add sheen to your bath salts and a silky feel to the bath water.


-Hair Care:
Spray on wet hair for detangling or spray on dry hair to manage "frizz".
Spraying on dry hair adds extra shine too!
Add to hair conditioners to give it detangling properties and a silky feel.



ADVANTAGES OF CYCLOMETHICONE:
*Volatile
*Excellent spreading
*Non-occlusive
*Solvent
*Non-greasy
*Non-oily residue
*Soft, smooth feel on the skin
*Non-cooling effect on skin
*Excellent spreading
*Imparts soft silky feel to the skin
*Leaves no oily residue or build up
*Detackification
*Non-greasy



WHAT DOES CYCLOMETHICONE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Moisturising
*Skin protecting
*Smoothing
*Stabilising



FUNCTIONS OF CYCLOMETHICONE:
*Emollient:
Softens and softens the skin
*Hair conditioner:
Leaves hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine
*Solvent:
Dissolves other substances

Works in a variety ways, namely as a conditioning agent, solvent, humectant, carrying agent and viscosity controlling agent.
Like all other silicones, Cyclomethicone has a unique fluidity that makes it easily spreadable.
When applied to the skin and hair, Cyclomethicone gives a silky & slippery feeling to the touch and acts a mild water repellent by forming a protective barrier on the skin.
Cyclomethicone can also fill in fine lines/wrinkles, giving the face a temporary “plump” look.



BENEFITS OF CYCLOMETHICONE:
Cyclomethicone has not much effect on the skin, rather it is a type of product which can be used in any formulation as per need.
Cyclomethicone has a quality of evaporating rapidly, without any cooling sensation.
After leaving the skin, it makes skin smooth and silky.
Cyclomethicone can be used as an ideal carrier for any skin products like makeup related products, skin creams deodorants, stick products without an oily feel.
Cyclomethicone makes the product aesthetically more acceptable and provides excellent stability.



WHY IS CYCLOMETHICONE USED IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
D5 and D6 are the predominant cyclomethicones used in cosmetics and personal care products, due to their excellent skin and hair conditioning properties.
Cyclomethicone D4 is rarely used as a cosmetic ingredient.
D4 can also be present at very low residual levels (generally <0.1%) in D5 and D6, since it is used as a starting material in the production of those cyclomethicones.
During this manufacturing process, virtually all of the material is consumed leaving only a tiny amount of D4.



COMPATIBILITY OF CYCLOMETHICONE:
Silicone fluids can be tricky to formulate with as they are neither completely oil or water loving.
Cyclomethicone is stated as being miscible with Mineral oil, isododecane, polydecane, almond oil, Jojoba oil, Soybean oil, Sunflower oil, Isopropyl Myristate, C12-15 Alcohol Benzoate and Capric/ Caprylic Triglyceride.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CYCLOMETHICONE:
Boiling Point: 210°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water
Viscosity: Low
Physical state: Liquid.
Form: Liquid.
Color: Clear. Translucent.
Odor: Practically odorless.
Odor threshold: Not available.
pH: Not available.
Melting point/freezing point: -36.4 °F (-38 °C)
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 410 °F (210 °C)
Flash point: 163.4 °F (73.0 °C)
Evaporation rate: Not available.


Flammability (solid, gas): Not applicable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Flammability limit - lower (%): 0.5 %
Flammability limit - upper (%): 7 %
Explosive limit - lower (%): Not available.
Explosive limit - upper (%): Not available.
Vapor pressure: < 5 mm Hg
Vapor density: > 1
Relative density: Not available.
Solubility(ies):
Solubility (water): Insoluble.
Partition coefficient: (n-octanol/water): 5.2


Auto-ignition temperature: 737.6 °F (392 °C)
Decomposition temperature: Not available.
Viscosity: 4 mm2/s at 25 °C
Other information:
Chemical family: Cyclic siloxane.
Dynamic viscosity: 3.5 mPa.s (77 °F (25 °C))
Kinematic viscosity: 3.7 mm2/s (77 °F (25 °C))
Molecular formula: C10-H30-O5-Si5
Molecular weight: 370.8 g/mol
Percent volatile: 100 %
Specific gravity: 0.96 at 20 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of CYCLOMETHICONE:
*Inhalation:
Move to fresh air.
*Skin contact:
Wash off with soap and water.
*Eye contact:
Rinse with water.
*Ingestion:
Rinse mouth.
Get medical attention if symptoms occur.
*Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed:
Not available.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CYCLOMETHICONE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Keep unnecessary personnel away.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Absorb spillage with suitable absorbent material.
Clean surface thoroughly to remove residual contamination.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CYCLOMETHICONE:
-Suitable extinguishing media:
Water fog.
Foam.
Dry chemical powder.
Carbon dioxide (CO2).



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CYCLOMETHICONE:
Biological limit values:
No biological exposure limits noted for the ingredient(s).
-Appropriate engineering controls:
*Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment:
Wear safety glasses.
An emergency eye wash station should be available.
*Skin protection
Wear nitrile or other impervious gloves.
*Hand protection
Wear lab coat.
*Other
Respirators are generally not required for laboratory operations.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CYCLOMETHICONE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
Clean equipment and work surfaces with suitable detergent or solvent after use.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in tight container.
This material should be handled and stored per label instructions to ensure product integrity.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CYCLOMETHICONE:
-Reactivity:
The product is stable and non-reactive under normal conditions of use, storage and transport.
-Chemical stability:
Stable at normal conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous:
No dangerous reaction known under conditions of normal use.



SYNONYMS:
Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Cyclopolydimethylsiloxane
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Cyclomethicone
Cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane
Cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane with n 3-6
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane
Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl-
Cyclopentasiloxane Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
Cyclopolydimethylsiloxane
Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl-
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane
Polydimethyl siloxy cyclics
CYCLOMETHICONE
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL

CYCLOMETHICONE 5
Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

CAS: 541-02-6
MF: C10H30O5Si5
MW: 370.77
EINECS: 208-764-9

Cyclomethicone 5 is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclomethicone 5, also known as D5 and D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
The compound is classified as a Cyclomethicone 5.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone based personal lubricants.
Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.

Cyclomethicone 5 Chemical Properties
Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Fp: 162 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.959
Color: Colorless
Explosive limit: 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 541-02-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Cyclomethicone 5 (541-02-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Cyclomethicone 5 (541-02-6)

Uses
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
Cyclomethicone 5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
Cyclomethicone 5 and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.

The compound is classified as a Cyclomethicone 5.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclomethicone 5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclomethicone 5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Production and polymerization
Cyclomethicone 5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including Cyclomethicone 5 can be removed by distillation.
In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:

[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
where n is a positive integer.
D4 and D5 are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH.

Synonyms
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
541-02-6
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
Cyclomethicone 5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
NUC silicone VS 7158
Dow corning 345
CYCLOMETHICONE
Silicon SF 1202
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Ciclopentasiloxane
Cyclomethicone D5
KF 995
VS 7158
CCRIS 1328
HSDB 5683
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech]
EINECS 208-764-9
UNII-0THT5PCI0R
0THT5PCI0R
SF 1202
BRN 1800166
C10H30O5Si5
DTXSID1027184
D5
EC 208-764-9
4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-
MFCD00046966
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane
D5-sil
Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane
decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane
D5 Cyclomethicone
dimethylcyclopentasiloxane
Decamethylcylopentasiloxane
JEESILC CPS-211
SCHEMBL28497
N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane
XIAMETER PMX-0245
DTXCID907184
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5)
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
CHEMBL1885178
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI]
D5 (Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane)
CHEBI:191092
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%
C10-H30-O5-Si5
CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS]
CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD]
BCP15826
Tox21_303170
CD3770
KF-995
AKOS008901199
CS-O-01236
CS-W009767
DB11244
DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI]
NCGC00163981-01
NCGC00257224-01
OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5)
AS-59731
CAS-541-02-6
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB]
LS-58254
KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5
D1890
D3770
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer)
FT-0665531
D78203
S05475
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard
Q414350
Ciclopentasiloxano, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decametil-
decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane #
D5 Cyclomethicone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
CYCLOMETHICONE 5
Cyclomethicone 5 is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.


CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5



SYNONYMS:
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, 541-02-6, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Cyclomethicone 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, Dow corning 345, NUC silicone VS 7158, Silicon SF 1202, Ciclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone D5, D5-sil, KF 995, CCRIS 1328, VS 7158, HSDB 5683, UNII-0THT5PCI0R, 0THT5PCI0R, EINECS 208-764-9, SF 1202, BRN 1800166, DTXSID1027184, JEESILC CPS-211, XIAMETER PMX-0245, DTXCID907184, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), D5, EC 208-764-91, 4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), KF-995, DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS), CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS], MFCD00046966, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech], Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, C10H30O5Si5, Lightening Serum, D5 Cyclomethicone, dimethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, UNII: 0THT5PCI0R, SCHEMBL28497, N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane, CHEMBL1885178, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], 3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA, CHEBI:191092, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], BCP15826, Tox21_303170, CD3770, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL, AKOS008901199, CS-W009767, DB11244, HY-W009051, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], NCGC00163981-01, NCGC00257224-01, AS-59731, CAS-541-02-6, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], D1890, D3770, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer), NS00043162, D78203, S05475, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard, Q414350, decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane #, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentamethicone, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, D5, D5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-DECAMETHYL-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-PENTOXAPENTASILOXANE, CYCLOMETHICONE, 5, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP - RS], CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL-, D5, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], LCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, DOW CORNING UP-1002 ULTRA PURE FLUID, JEESILC CPS -211, KF-995, KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), XIAMETER PMX-0245, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl-, Cyclopentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone5, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxan, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, D5 Silicone, D5 Siloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, DecaMethylcyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, CD3770, D3770, Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentamethicone, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, D5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopolydimethylsiloxane, Dimethylcyclopolysiloxane, Polydimethyl siloxy cyclics,



Cyclomethicone 5 is a clear, odorless, thin liquid that a person may find in many skincare and cosmetic products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.


This water-like liquid, Cyclomethicone 5, is synthetically manufactured but is derived from naturally occurring oxygen and silicones.
Cyclomethicone 5 encompasses within itself the family of cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a silicon-based cyclic compound.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a clear, colorless, volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclomethicone 5 is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a lightweight silicone.
Cyclomethicone 5 can evaporate quickly.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclomethicone 5’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.


Cyclomethicones are cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone of one silicon and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a clear, alcohol-free and odorless liquid, added to personal skin care products to give them a smoother texture that is more easily applied to the skin.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile carrier, compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, and has low surface tension.
Cyclomethicone 5 has a drier finish than Dimethicone.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an ultra-light volatile silicone ingredient.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a generic/broad term for one or more cyclic siloxanes, primarily cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclopentasiloxane (D5), and cyclohexasiloxane (D6).
There are other cyclic siloxanes (D3–D7) but D4, D5, and D6 are the primary ones for cosmetic use.


Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), Cyclomethicone 5 (D5), and cyclohexasiloxane (D6) are sold as isolated ingredients, but I’ve only ever found cyclopentasiloxane (D5) available to homecrafters.
Cyclomethicone 5 is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.


Cyclomethicone 5 doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly away from it.
This property makes Cyclomethicone 5 a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.


Cyclomethicone 5 also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows the product to spread more easily.
While Cyclomethicone 5 is typically the name that you’ll see on a product’s ingredient list, it also goes by cyclomethicone D5 or just D5 in research literature.


Cyclomethicone 5 is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.
Cyclomethicones are cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone of one silicon and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
If you check product datasheets you might find out that the “Cyclomethicone 5” you’re looking at is almost entirely cyclopentasiloxane (D5).


For example, this datasheet for the Cyclomethicone 5 is 99–100% cyclopentasiloxane (D5), with a small amount of cyclotetrasiloxane (D4).
Cyclomethicone 5 is a thin clear liquid
Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile carrier, compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, and has low surface tension.


Cyclomethicone 5 imparts a soft velvety feel to the skin, has excellent spreading, leaves no oily residue or build-up, detackification, and is non-greasy.
This water-like liquid, Cyclomethicone 5, is synthetically manufactured but is derived from naturally occurring oxygen and silicones.
Cyclomethicone 5 encompasses within itself the family of cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.


Cyclomethicone 5, also known as D5 or decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is a low viscosity emollient with high spreadability, making it an ideal choice for skincare and haircare products.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethyl siloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.


The cyclic siloxanes, including Cyclomethicone 5, can be removed from this mixture by distillation.
In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an ingredient found in hundreds of personal care products.


Cyclomethicone 5 improves the texture of formulations, giving them a smooth and silky feel.
Cyclomethicone 5, also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5, is part of the cyclomethicone family of silicones.
Its water-resistance properties allow Cyclomethicone 5 to provide lasting protection from moisture, leaving skin and hair feeling smooth and moisturized.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane that is composed of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (CAS#541-02-6).
Cyclomethicone 5 is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non-greasy and non-stinging.
Unlike D4 Cyclomethicone (Cyclo-2244), Cyclomethicone 5 has a much higher pour point and does not present the freezing concerns that D4 presents.


Cyclomethicone 5 is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Cyclomethicones are cyclic (circular) silicones of low molecular weight that possess a cyclical structure rather than a chain structure (like Dimethicone).


Some cyclic silicones are volatile (they evaporate) while others are not.
Cyclic silicones that are volatile include D4 (Cyclotetrasiloxane), D5 (Cyclomethicone 5) and D6 (Cyclohexasiloxane).
In general, the lower the number, the more volatile the cyclic silicone and the faster it evaporates.


Its volatility, excellent spreading and lubrication qualities make Cyclomethicone 5 an ideal carrier for other ingredients and excellent light conditioners for hair and skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is also known as cyclopentasiloxane.


Cyclomethicone 5 is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H30O5Si5, a colorless liquid widely used in cosmetics and personal care products, compatible with most alcohols and Good compatibility with other cosmetic solvents.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane commonly known as D5.


Cyclopentasiloxane is a member of the family of ingredients which also include cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclohexasiloxane (D6), and cyclomethicone, which is a mixture of the individual chain-length cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane compounds from D4 to D6.
Non-greasy, Cyclomethicone 5 leaves no oily residue or build-up and imparts a soft silky feel to skin.


In the cosmetic industry, cyclic silicones are commonly referred to as Cyclomethicone 5.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a minimum of 96% it and will contain no more than 0.0 - 0.099% (a maximum of 990 parts per million) of D4 Cycloteterasiloxane.
Cyclomethicone 5 is not one type of silicone, but a whole mixture of them: it's a mix of specific chain length (4 to 7) cyclic structured silicone molecules.


All the silicones in the Cyclomethicone 5 mixture are volatile, meaning they evaporate from the skin or hair rather than stay on it.
This means that Cyclomethicone 5 has a light skin feel with none-to-minimal after-feel.
Cyclomethicone 5 also makes the formulas easy to spread and has nice emollient properties.


Cyclomethicone 5, also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH₃)₂SiO]₅.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as cyclomethicone.


Commercially Cyclomethicone 5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a clear, colourless, volatile silicone oil.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.


Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.


In Cosmetics & Personal Care Dive into the integral role of Cyclomethicone 5 in personal care products.
Explore Cyclomethicone 5's multifaceted benefits and widespread applications.
Cyclomethicone 5 forms a protective barrier on the skin and hair, which is why many companies use it in antifrizz and detangling products.


Linear silicones (e.g. dimethicone) are large high-molecular polymers that are viscous and more oil-like.
Cyclomethicone 5 is rapidly evaporates without cooling the skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 leaves the skin dry, smooth and silky.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used ideal carrier for makeup, other color cosmetic skin creams, deodorants and stick products without the oily feel.
Cyclomethicone 5 provides excellent stability and aesthetics.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a generic name for several cyclic substances derived from silica (sand is a silica).


Cyclomethicone 5 is also water-resistant.
This is why companies commonly use Cyclomethicone 5 in sealants and windshield coatings.
Cyclomethicone 5 is low-molecular weight silicones and are not viscous but very fluid and often used as solvents.


10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclomethicone 5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclomethicone 5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Cyclomethicone 5 has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.


Silicones have special fluid properties that provide an excellent balance for slip and silky touch on the skin and impart emollience, and be a water-binding agent that holds up well, even when skin becomes wet.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in hair care applications such as conditioners since it leaves no oily residue or build-up.


And Cyclomethicone 5 is used in skin care applications such as lotions and creams with a typical use level of 1-25%.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile, cyclic (circular) silicone fluid that has a lightning fast dry-time, making it the ideal carrier for fragrances because it instantly evaporates, leaving nothing behind but your chosen scent.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in cosmetic and personal products as a skin emollient.
Cyclomethicone 5 is commonly used as a base fluid in topical formulations because of its volatility, spreading and sensory benefits – namely their smooth, dry and non-greasy feel on the skin.


Cyclomethicone 5 will reduce the greasy feel of heavy emollients such as Shea Butter, makes an excellent emollient for "oil free" moisturizers, and offers light conditioning as well as improved dry and wet combout in hair care.
Cyclomethicone 5 can also be used to adjust the viscosity of products to make them thinner or thicker.


Application of Cyclomethicone 5: In creams, lotions, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions, stick products, bath oils, shaving products, etc.
Cyclomethicone 5 is suitable for use in cosmetics to help bring active substances into the skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is currently used in a range of dermatological treatments and pharmaceutical applications, such as creams and gels, and in medicated treatments for skin and scalp applications.


Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile siloxane, Ease of spreading, Non-occlusive, Non-greasy, Leave non-oily residue, Imparts soft smooth feel on the skin, Detackifier, Solvent, Non-cooling effect on skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 can be used to mix hair care products


Cyclomethicone 5 is to act as a conditioner on the hair It has a special feature that is not sticky.
Cyclomethicone 5 feels silky soft when used on skin or hair.
Cyclomethicone 5 is easy to use and spread, leaves skin and hair feeling soft and slippery, and leaves no residue after evaporation.


Cyclomethicone 5 can also reduce surface tension and help disperse pigments well.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile silicone used as a carrier base and solvent.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used as skin emollient in cosmetic and personal products.


Because molecules of Cyclomethicone 5 are too large to enter human pores, and don’t tend to block the active ingredients from entering the skin, cyclomethicone is a commonly used as a skin emollient ingredient.
Cyclomethicone 5 can be used in antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions and stick products, bath oils, sun and shaving products, makeup and nail polishes.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in creams, lotions, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions, stick products, bath oils, shaving products, etc.
Although it offers minimal benefits to the skin, manufacturers add Cyclomethicone 5 to a vast range of products to improve their feel, delivery, and function.


Cyclomethicone 5 is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.
Due to their volatility (varying rates of evaporation), low surface tensions (high Spreadability), and non-greasy feel, Cyclomethicone 5 is used as base fluids, carrying agents and wetting agents in a wide range of personal care products.


Cosmetic applications of Cyclomethicone 5 include: room sprays, body sprays, antiperspirants, skin creams, skin lotions, suntan lotions, bath oils, hair care products etc.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.


Cyclomethicone 5 also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclomethicone 5 is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclomethicone 5 means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.


Cyclomethicone 5 is exempt from Federal VOC regulations (including CARB and OTC) and will not contribute to ozone-depletion and global warming.
Cyclomethicone 5 is being widely accepted as replacements for non-VOC complaint petroleum-bases solvents as both carrying agents as well as for cleaning solvents.


It also means you don’t have to worry about Cyclomethicone 5 “trapping” or “congesting” skin (as is also true for other silicones).
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning this siloxane doesn’t suffocate skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 also shows up in hair care formulas (particularly conditioners and hair serums) where it lends a softening + smoothing feel and makes hair remarkably shiny.


According to the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel’s assessment (as reported in 2011), Cyclomethicone 5 can safely be used in up to 93% in personal care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 does not pose a health risk to skin as used in cosmetic products.Cyclomethicone 5 is used personal care, Hair care and cosmetics.


Cyclomethicone 5 can be used in concentrations of 1-10% and should be added to the oil phase of a mixture below 50 degrees celsius
Cyclomethicone 5 has a higher flash point so that you can ship your room sprays or perfumes on an airplane without worry.
Cyclomethicone 5 is the perfect balance between volatility (quick drying) and spreadability.


We think Cyclomethicone 5 is great for hair treatments, bath oils, creams and lotions, room/linen sprays, and more.
Cyclomethicone 5 adds a soft, talc-like feel and is the base for superb dry perfume oils.
Cyclomethicone 5 is especially effective for applications where low to medium solvency power is desireable.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in cosmetic and personal products as a skin emollient.
In addition, Cyclomethicone 5 is being used as a Federal VOC Exempt cleaning agent in dry cleaning applications.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an alcohol-free, clear, colorless, odorless, silicone liquid used as a carrying and wetting agent for personal care products.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used personal care, Hair care and cosmetics.
When used as a perfume base, Cyclomethicone 5 quickly evaporates leaving a silky film on the skin.
When used as an additive in skincare formulas, Cyclomethicone 5 improves absorption of oils while providing a non-greasy, silky-soft note to the product.


Cyclomethicone 5 serves to act as a carrying agent for the detergent and will not degrade the fabric or colors of the linens and clothing like other stronger solvents.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, building & construction work and health services.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used for the manufacture of: and textile, leather or fur.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, pharmaceuticals, textile treatment products and dyes and perfumes and fragrances.


Other release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal) and of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.


Other release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Cyclomethicone 5 can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, cosmetics and personal care products and coating products.


Other release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products, pharmaceuticals, coating products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, laboratory chemicals, polishes and waxes, cosmetics and personal care products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and building & construction work.


Release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture, as processing aid, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and in the production of articles.


Release to the environment of Cyclomethicone 5 can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as a cyclomethicone and is commonly used in cosmetics such as deodorants, sunscreens, hair sprays, and skin care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is widely used in cosmetics and body care products, it has good compatibility with most alcohols and other cosmetic solvents.


Cyclomethicone 5 gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Further, Cyclomethicone 5 also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.


Cyclomethicone 5 is used in hair and skincare products to impart conditioning, emolliency, shine and/or silkiness; to reduce the greasy feel of tanning oils.
Cyclomethicone 5 promotes easy spreadability, and leaves a soft, silky smooth feel to the skin.


Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly leaving little residue on the skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.


-A person may find Cyclomethicone 5 in a wide range of personal care and cosmetic products, such as:
*sunscreen
*antiperspirant
*deodorant
*hair spray
*shampoo
*conditioner
*antifrizz products
*anti-hair-breakage products
*hair-detangling products
*pomade
*makeup
*makeup remover
*night cream


-Emollient uses of Cyclomethicone 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 serves as a non-comedogenic emollient for skin care formulations.
The hydrating properties of Cyclomethicone 5 are excellent for the skin as it traps moisture, making the skin smooth and soft.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in lightweight products as it does not penetrate the skin but evaporates quickly.


-Color Protection uses of Cyclomethicone 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 can help colored hair last longer, retain its vibrant look, and protect and enhance color and shine.
Rinse-off conditioners containing different types of Cyclomethicone 5 can show an increase in color retention for hair that has been colored.


-Heat Protectant uses of Cyclomethicone 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is used protecting hair from excessive heat is a need among many consumers.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used hair dryers and other heated appliances first soften the keratin of the hair.

If the devices are too hot, Cyclomethicone 5 can cause water in the hair to boil, forming minute bubbles of steam inside the softened hair shaft, weakening the fiber and potentially leading to total fracture.

Cyclomethicone 5 is thermally stable and spreads easily on the hair, forming a protective film to help prevent water loss from the hair shaft caused by the heat of dryers or heated styling tools.
Thus help guard against damage from heat styling.


-Carrier and Perfume Deliver uses of Cyclomethicone 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 serves as a prominent carrier for many skin care and hair care formulations.
While being a carrier Cyclomethicone 5 also helps deliver fragrance and gives skin a smooth, non-cooling feel.
Cyclomethicone 5 also acts as a transient carrier for active salts in antiperspirants & deodorants.


-Hair Conditioning uses of Cyclomethicone 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is recognized as multifunctional ingredients in a variety of hair care products.
With their unique chemical and physical properties, these highly versatile materials not only condition hair but can be used to add shine, making combing easier.

Both are suitable for dry combing results and wet combing.
Cyclomethicone 5 also enhances hair strength, repairs damaged hair, gives a perception of moisturization, aids curl retention, controls frizz, and adds volume—or even reduces volume.

Cyclomethicone 5 is commonly used in shampoos, hair conditioners, hair sprays, anti-frizz, and hair-detangling products.
Cyclomethicone 5 forms a layer on the hair, protecting and preventing it from damage while also allowing the product to spread easily and evenly.



WHAT IS CYCLOMETHICONE 5 USED FOR?
Cyclomethicone 5 has a great number of uses and benefits for the skin and hair.
Cyclomethicone 5 is therefore used in a wide range of products when it comes to the cosmetic and skin/hair care industry.


*Skin care:
Cyclomethicone 5 gives a smooth and silky touch to the skin. Cyclomethicone 5 is used in a variety of cosmetic products as it creates a barrier between the skin and the environment and thus protects it from the harmful external factors.

Cyclomethicone 5 locks the moisture on the skin surface and prevents water loss.
Thus, Cyclomethicone 5 is beneficial for dry and flaky skin.
Moreover, Cyclomethicone 5 has also been known to improve the appearance of scars.


*Hair care:
Cyclomethicone 5 is responsible for improving the texture of the formulations that it is added in.
Cyclomethicone 5 gives luster and shine to the shafts while also making them appear healthier and bouncier.



WHAT IS CYCLOMETHICONE 5 USED FOR?
Cyclomethicone 5 is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Silicones are also known to repel water and glide easily.
This is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.

They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
This can help you detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.

Cyclomethicone 5 can be found in a wide range of personal care products.
Examples include:
*hair spray
*sunscreen
*antiperspirant
*deodorant
*hair conditioner
*shampoo
*hair detangling products
*waterproof mascara
*foundation
*eyeliner
*concealer
*moisturizer with SPF
*eye shadow
*hairstyling gel and lotion
*lipstick

Cyclomethicone 5 sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclomethicone 5 may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.
Cyclomethicone 5’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).



BENEFITS OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is an ideal carrier for cosmetics without the oily feel.
Cyclomethicone 5 rapidly evaporates leaving the skin feeling smooth and silky.



WHAT DO PEOPLE USE CYCLOMETHICONE 5 FOR?
The primary function of Cyclomethicone 5 is to work as an emollient.
Cyclomethicone 5 can also give products a silky feel, which allows them to glide smoothly and deliver any active ingredients to the body evenly.

Manufacturers also use Cyclomethicone 5 as a solvent to help deliver active ingredients in a product to the skin or hair.
However, unlike other silicones, Cyclomethicone 5 is volatile, which means that it quickly evaporates and dries when applied to the skin.



BENEFITS AND USES OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
*Cyclomethicone 5 is preferred for its conditioning, viscosity controlling, and water-repelling properties.
*Cyclomethicone 5 is an excellent solvent and can be found in countless products.
*Cyclomethicone 5 is documented to be an anti-static agent, non-greasy, non-sticky, and is acclaimed for giving a slippery feel and a dry non-cooling sensation on evaporation.
*Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly and does not leave behind any residue.
This commands application in formulating deodorants and antiperspirants.
*Cyclomethicone 5 makes spreading products a breeze because of its unique fluidity.
*Cyclomethicone 5 provides stability to the formulation and prevents it from splitting.
*Cyclomethicone 5 is used to deposit active ingredients on the skin and hair, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the formulation.
*Cyclomethicone 5 is used in serums, lotions, hair sprays, face and body mists, sunscreens, non-sticky oils, etc.



HOW CYCLOMETHICONE 5 WORKS:
Cyclomethicone 5 works by carrying the key ingredients of a formulation into the skin and hair for better absorption.
Lacking penetrative powers, Cyclomethicone 5 simply forms a layer over the skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 makes the surface slippery and then evaporates owing to its volatility.



CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is insoluble in water and is soluble in alcohols, silicones, and solvents.
Cyclomethicone 5 is suggested that its concentration be kept between 3%-10% for deodorants and skin care products, though it can be increased up to 20%.



HOW TO USE CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Heat oil phase up to 80o
Add Cyclomethicone 5 to the heated phase.
Cover the vessel to prevent loss of ingredients due to evaporation.
Wait until Cyclomethicone 5 dissolves and proceed with emulsification.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5 IN SKINCARE?
When applied, Cyclomethicone 5 has a silky and slippery texture that creates a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Cyclomethicone 5 in hair products may help prevent breakage, detangle, and reduce frizz.
Here are a few potential benefits of products containing D5:


*Seals hydration.
When used on hair, Cyclomethicone 5 coats the hair shaft and guards against water loss.
Cyclomethicone 5 works similarly on the skin by creating a barrier that locks in moisture.


*Evaporates quickly.
Cyclomethicone 5 is often used in cosmetics and health and beauty products that require faster drying times (think deodorants, sunscreens, and moisturizers).


*Spreads easily.
Like other types of silicones, Cyclomethicone 5 in cosmetics applies and spreads easily, leaving a silky smooth texture and a non-greasy finish.


*Has a lightweight feel.
Some silicones are heavy, but Cyclomethicone 5 has a lightweight feel.
This characteristic is especially helpful in products like hair sprays and shampoos.



WHY DO WE USE CYCLOMETHICONE 5 IN FORMULATIONS?
Cyclomethicone 5 adds wonderful slip to our products and helps reduce tackiness.
Small concentrations of Cyclomethicone 5 add a really gorgeous, expensive-feeling skin feel.
Higher concentrations of Cyclomethicone 5 help “lighten” products, speeding up dry down/absorption speeds.

Cyclomethicone 5 is commonly used as a diluent in hair oils to create products that don’t leave the hair looking greasy.
A small amount of oil will be diluted in a larger amount of Cyclomethicone 5; when that is applied to the hair the Cyclomethicone 5 will readily evaporate, leaving a tiny amount of well-distributed oil behind on the hair.

In cosmetics, you’ll find Cyclomethicone 5 in all kinds of cream cosmetics, where it provides body to the cosmetic and then evaporates readily after application, leaving behind the pigment without any added oil that would compromise wear time.



COMPATIBILITY OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 can be tricky to formulate with as they are neither completely oil or water loving.
Cyclomethicone 5 is stated as being miscible with Mineral oil, isododecane, polydecane, almond oil, Jojoba oil, Soybean oil, Sunflower oil, Isopropyl Myristate, C12-15 Alcohol Benzoate and Capric/ Caprylic Triglyceride.



ORIGIN OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is made by the hydrolysis of dichloride.
This process produces a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.
This on further distillation produces a polymer mixture of Cyclomethicone 5.



WHAT DOES CYCLOMETHICONE 5 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Moisturising
*Skin protecting
*Smoothing
*Stabilising



DO YOU NEED CYCLOMETHICONE 5?
No, but if you love making cosmetics and/or have hair that is not very tolerant of oils, Cyclomethicone 5 is a wonderful ingredient to have on hand.


REFINED OR UNREFINED?
Cyclomethicone 5 only exists as a refined product.


STRENGHTS OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Cyclomethicone 5 is a very versatile ingredient that improves the skin feel of anything I’ve ever tried it in.


WEAKNESSES OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
The biggest weakness of Cyclomethicone 5 (and other silicones) is all the negative myths about it.
These myths include the idea that silicones suffocate the skin, cause acne, and are bad for sensitive skin.



HOW TO WORK WITH CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Include Cyclomethicone 5 in the oil phase of your products; it should be cold-processed as it will readily evaporate (and possibly burst into flame) when heated (the flashpoint is 77°C [169°F]).



STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Stored somewhere cool, dark, and dry, Cyclomethicone 5 has an indefinite shelf life.
Keep Cyclomethicone 5 away from sparks and heat sources as the flashpoint is 77°C (169°F)



TIPS, TRICKS, AND QUIRKS OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
“Silicones… aren’t biodegradable, but they are degradable – they degrade in the environment, and turn back into silica (sand), carbon dioxide and water.”



PRODUCTION AND POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Commercially Cyclomethicone 5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including Cyclomethicone 5 can be removed by distillation.

In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:
[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5

where n is a positive integer.
D4 and Cyclomethicone 5 are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH.



WHAT IS CYCLOMETHICONE?
FACE ILLUSTRATION:
The name “Cyclomethicone” is crazy hard to say as is its other name “decamethylcyclopentasiloxane,” but the good news is that it’s also referred to as “D5.”

Before we delve into the potential benefits and side effects of Cyclomethicone 5, knowing exactly what it is helpful.
Cyclomethicone 5 is actually a type of silicone that’s regularly used in skincare and haircare products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is specifically part of a small silicone group: cyclomethicones.

According to clinical studies and reports, cyclomethicones have been deemed safe for cosmetic ingredient uses as they are not significantly absorbed through the skin.
However, as a silicone, they are not a natural ingredient, so if you only use natural on your face and skin, you may want to double-check the ingredients in your products.

This colorless, odorless compound, Cyclomethicone 5, is mainly used as an emollient to help smooth out beauty product creams and gels.
Cyclomethicone 5 can also create a protective barrier on your skin once applied, which may help keep your skin safe from toxins, bacteria, germs, pollution, and other yuckiness.
Cyclomethicone 5’s also commonly used in things like sealants, sunscreen, windshield coatings, medical implants, and antiperspirants. That’s a lot of things.



CYCLOMETHICONE 5 IS USED IN A VARIETY OF PRODUCTS:
From a commercial view, most importantly, they have been used in antiperspirant formulations because they:
*Impart a soft-silky feel to the skin
*Provide excellent spreading
*Leave no oily residue or buildup
*De-tackify formulations
*Are non-greasy
*Are compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients
*Lower surface tension and
*Provide transient emollience on the skin.



WHAT ARE CYCLOMETHICONE 5'S BENEFITS?
Cyclomethicone 5 offers minimal benefits to the skin.
Companies primarily add Cyclomethicone 5 to skincare products to improve their sensory feel and texture.
However, Cyclomethicone 5 has other properties that boost the effectiveness of formulations.


*Lightweight carrier
Cyclomethicone 5 is an effective carrier, or solvent, due to its ability to evaporate quickly.
Cyclomethicone 5 helps to evenly coat the skin with active ingredients without leaving a heavy, sticky, or tacky residue after application.
Cyclomethicone 5 leaves the active ingredients to work from the skin’s surface as they evaporate.


*Forms a protective barrier
Cyclomethicone 5 also acts as an emollient that adds a protective barrier to the skin.
However, Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly and does not stay on the skin surface, so it does not leave a sticky feel.
Cyclomethicone 5 leaves a protective yet breathable layer on the skin.


*Facilitates a smooth application and delivery
Cyclomethicone 5 helps make formulations feel smooth and silky for a smooth and easy application.
Cyclomethicone 5 allows products to spread evenly over the skin so that all areas of the skin receive key ingredients from a product.


*Improves the appearance of scars
Many silicone gel preparations use Cyclomethicone 5 as a carrier to deliver other silicone ingredients to the skin.
An older study found that silicone gel preparations improved the texture, height, and appearance of hypertrophic scars and keloids.
However, Cyclomethicone 5 is important to note that the researchers conducted this study on a small sample size of 30 people.


*Inexpensive
Cyclomethicone 5 is generally less costly than other silicone ingredients.
Therefore, a person may find that products containing Cyclomethicone 5 are more affordable.



SPECIFICATIONS OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
*Clear colorless liquid
*characteristic odor
*insoluble in water / alcohol
*store tightly sealed, protected from heat and moisture
*shelf life of 36 months when properly stored / handled



BENEFITS OF CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
*No Oily Residue
*Improves Efficacy of Antiperspirants
*Dry, Non-Greasy Feel
*Improves Wet Combing
*Greater Flexibility in Formulating Cosmetic Products



CYCLOMETHICONE 5 AT A GLANCE:
*Enhances the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product
*Promotes even distribution other ingredients in a formula
*Quickly evaporates from skin’s surface without leaving a heavy feel
*Popular in a wide range of skin and hair care products
*Also functions as a solvent to dissolve and deliver ingredients to skin



RECOMMENDED FRAGRANCE CONTENT IN PRODUCTS WITH CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
*Fragrances - Recommended use levels 0.5 – 3%.
*Antiperspirants - Recommended use levels 3 – 10%.
*Skin Care Products - Recommended use levels 3 – 10%.
*Hair Conditioners - Recommended use levels 1 – 5%.
*Room and Linen Mists - Recommended use levels 3 – 5%.
*For example, when making room mists use per 100g of cyclopentasiloxane and 3g to 5g of fragrance, the total amount of final product will be 103g to 105g.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
Molecular Weight: 370.77 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 370.09395673 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 370.09395673 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 20
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 258
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical formula: [(CH3)2SiO]5
Molar mass: 370.770 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Density: 0.958 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C; −53 °F; 226 K
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Solubility in water: 17.03±0.72 ppb (23 °C)
log P: 8.07
Vapor pressure: 20.4±1.1 Pa (25 °C)
Viscosity: 3.74 cP
Physical state: Clear, liquid
Color: Colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: -38 °C at 1.013 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 90 °C at 13 hPa (literature value), 210 °C at 1.013 hPa (literature value)
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 73 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 645.15 K
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity: Kinematic viscosity and dynamic viscosity data not available
Water solubility: < 0.00001 g/l at 23 °C
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): log Pow: 8.023 at 25.3 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.3 hPa at 25 °C, 41 hPa at 110.6 °C
Density: 0.958 g/cm3 at 25 °C (literature value)
Relative density: 0.96 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: Not available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

CBNumber: CB9256200
Melting point: -44 ℃
Boiling point: 210.0 ℃ (±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg)
Density: 0.958 g/cm³
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Flash point: 72.2 ℃
Safety description: S23, S24/25, S36, S26
Hazard symbol: XI
Hazard statement: R36/37/38, R53UN
Dangerous goods number: NA 1993 / PGIII
RTECS No: GY5945200
CAS No.:541-02-6
EINECS: 208-764-9
Molecular Formula:C10H30O5Si5
Molecular Weight:370.770



FIRST AID MEASURES of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CYCLOMETHICONE 5:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


CYCLOMETHICONE 5
Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of cyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used to deposit active ingredients on the skin and hair, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the formulation.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Molecular Weight: 370.77
EINECS Number: 208-764-9

Synonyms: DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, 541-02-6, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Cyclomethicone 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, Dow corning 345, NUC silicone VS 7158, Silicon SF 1202, Ciclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone 5, D5-sil, KF 995, CCRIS 1328, VS 7158, HSDB 5683, UNII-0THT5PCI0R, 0THT5PCI0R, EINECS 208-764-9, SF 1202, BRN 1800166, DTXSID1027184, JEESILC CPS-211, XIAMETER PMX-0245, DTXCID907184, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), D5, EC 208-764-9, 4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), KF-995, DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS), CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS], MFCD00046966, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech], Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, C10H30O5Si5, Lightening Serum, Cyclomethicone 5, dimethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, UNII: 0THT5PCI0R, SCHEMBL28497, N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane, CHEMBL1885178, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], 3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA, CHEBI:191092, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%, XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], BCP15826, Tox21_303170, CD3770, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL, AKOS008901199, CS-W009767, DB11244, HY-W009051, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], NCGC00163981-01, NCGC00257224-01, AS-59731, CAS-541-02-6, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], D1890, D3770, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer), FT-0665531, NS00043162, D78203, S05475, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard, Q414350, decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane.

Cyclomethicone 5 belongs to the class of cyclic siloxanes, specifically a pentamer of the chemical formula (CH3)2SiO.
The "D5" designation refers to its cyclic structure and is often used in product ingredient lists.
Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.

Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.

The chemical formula for Cyclomethicone 5 is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclomethicone 5 gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

Further, Cyclomethicone 5 also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a high molecular weight, hydrophobic silicone fluid with a low vapor pressure.
Cyclomethicone 5 has a high resistance to hydrolysis by water and acids.

Cyclomethicone 5 is used as a reactive diluent in the synthesis of compounds that have an unsaturated bond.
Cyclomethicone 5 can also be used as a film-forming polymer in cosmetics and personal care products, such as hair sprays, body lotions, and antiperspirants.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the synthesis of butanediol, which is then converted into other materials like polyester or polysiloxanes.

Cyclomethicone 5 has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.
Cyclomethicone 5 was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic characteristic
Cyclomethicone 5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.

Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic Cyclomethicone 5 and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 can be removed by distillation.
Cyclomethicone 5 is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and a pollutant through accumulation and persistence in the environment.

Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Cyclomethicone 5 is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclomethicone 5’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.
Cyclomethicone 5 is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.

Cyclomethicone 5 doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly away from it.
This property makes Cyclomethicone 5 a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

Cyclomethicone 5 also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows Cyclomethicone 5 to spread more easily.
As if the name "Cyclomethicone 5" wasn't hard enough to say, we should point out that it's also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.

Cyclomethicone 5 is described by Robinson as a silicon-based compound, and it's part of a larger category called cyclomethicone.
Cyclomethicone 5 functions primarily as an emollient, comes in a colorless and odorless liquid form, and is found in a vast array of beauty products from skincare to haircare.
Cyclomethicone 5 is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.

Cyclomethicone 5 is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclomethicone 5 also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile silicone, meaning it evaporates quickly when applied to the skin or hair.

This property contributes to a smooth and lightweight feel upon application.
Cyclomethicone 5 enhances the spreadability of cosmetic products and provides a silky, non-greasy texture.
Cyclomethicone 5 helps in the even distribution of other ingredients in formulations.

Cyclomethicone 5 acts as an emollient, imparting a soft and smooth texture to the skin or hair.
Cyclomethicone 5 can improve the appearance of cosmetic formulations, giving them a luxurious and aesthetically pleasing feel.
In hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, Cyclomethicone 5 can contribute to improved manageability, shine, and detangling.

Found in various skincare products like creams and lotions, Cyclomethicone 5 helps in providing a smooth application, and its volatility ensures a non-greasy finish.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Cyclomethicone 5 is documented to be an anti-static agent, non-greasy, non-sticky, and is acclaimed for giving a slippery feel and a dry non-cooling sensation on evaporation.

Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly and does not leave behind any residue.
This commands application in formulating deodorants and antiperspirants.
Cyclomethicone 5 makes spreading products a breeze because of its unique fluidity.

Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.

Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.

These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.
Cyclomethicone 5 is preferred for its conditioning, viscosity controlling, and water-repelling properties.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an excellent solvent and can be found in countless products.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclomethicone 5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Cyclomethicone 5 is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclomethicone 5 means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning Cyclomethicone 5 doesn’t suffocate skin.

Cyclomethicone 5, also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.

Cyclomethicone 5, is a type of silicone commonly used in various personal care and cosmetic products.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in serums, lotions, hair sprays, face and body mists, sunscreens, non-sticky oils, etc.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.

Cyclomethicone 5 may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in personal care formulations by gas chromatography.
Cyclomethicone 5 provides stability to the formulation and prevents it from splitting.

Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Flash point: 162 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
form: Liquid
color: Colorless
Specific Gravity: 0.959
explosive limit 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Dielectric constant: 2.5(20℃)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃

Cyclomethicone 5’s colourless, odourless and is always found in liquid form.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a polydimethylcyclosiloxane that is composed of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (CAS# 541‐02‐6).

Cyclomethicone 5 is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non‐greasy and non‐stinging.
Due to their varying rates of evaporation, low surface tensions (high spreadability), and non‐greasy feel, Cyclomethicone 5s are used as base fluids, carrying agents and wetting agents in a wide range of personal care products.
They are being uses as replacements for Non‐VOC compliant petroleum‐bases solvents as both carrying agents as well as for cleaning solvents where low to medium solvency power is desireable.

Both Cyclo‐2244 and Cyclo‐2245 have comparable evaporation rates to naptha solvents, odorless mineral spirits (OMS) as well as some of the isoparaffinic solvents.
They are compatible with most substates, including metals and plastics.
Renowned for its role in ensuring utmost reliability and consistency in pharmaceutical testing applications, Cyclomethicone 5 stands as a top-quality reference material in diverse verticals including raw material analysis.

Offering outstanding precision, this secondary pharmaceutical standard ensures accurate results, making it an indispensable asset for those seeking excellence in their analytical endeavours.
Cyclomethicone 5 is an ingredient in cosmetic products that is used as an occlusive because it significantly reduces the stickiness of formulations.
Cyclomethicone 5 consists of fully methylated cyclic dimethylpolysiloxanes such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), although the exact composition varies.

D4 and Cyclomethicone 5 are difficult to degrade and accumulate in living organisms (bioaccumulating).
With D4 and Cyclomethicone 5, there is a risk that they will find their way into the human organism through inhalation as a volatile substance from cosmetics.
A layer of D 4 on the skin evaporates within 30 minutes at 25 °C and in 10 minutes at 37 °C.

Cyclomethicone 5was introduced into cosmetics in 1978.
Cyclomethicone 5 is practically insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohols and other solvents .
Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates easily, even from cosmetics, without cooling or causing any discomfort. D 4 is classified as a hazardous substance due to suspected reproductive toxic effects .

Cosmetic applications include: room sprays, body sprays, antiperspirants, skin creams, skin lotions, suntan lotions, bath oils, hair care products etc.
Cyclomethicone 5 Fluids are California VOC Exempt and will not contribute to ozone‐ depletion and global warming.
Cyclomethicone 5 is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and environmental pollutant because it accumulates in the environment and is persistent.

Cyclomethicone 5 works by carrying the key ingredients of a formulation into the skin and hair for better absorption.
Lacking penetrative powers, Cyclomethicone 5 simply forms a layer over the skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 makes the surface slippery and then evaporates owing to its volatility.

Cyclomethicone 5 is insoluble in water and is soluble in alcohols, silicones, and solvents.
Cyclomethicone 5 is suggested that its concentration be kept between 3%-10% for deodorants and skin care products, though it can be increased up to 20%.

Cyclomethicone 5s, are inert synthetic polymers consisting of repeated units of silicon (Si) atoms, oxygen atoms (O), and R organic substituent (R2SiO), occurring in linear or cyclic forms.
Based on their polymer length, particle size, and molecular weights, siloxanes can be categorised into different groups: fluids, elastomers and resins.
Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile fluid with appreciable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.

Cyclomethicone 5’s also used as a sealant to protect the skin against moisture loss and as a lubricant as it helps the skin and hair absorb heavier, larger molecular weight ingredients.
Cyclomethicone 5 gives products a silky, smooth feel that then have a nice feel to the skin.
Also known as Cyclomethicone 5, thankfully, it’s often referred to as simply, D5.

Uses:
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of polymers and plastics to improve processing and molding properties.
Included in certain paint and coating formulations for its ability to enhance the texture and application of the product.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in some electronic and electrical insulation materials for its dielectric properties.

Applied as a release agent in molding processes to facilitate the easy removal of molded products.
Cyclomethicone 5 sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclomethicone 5 may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.

Cyclomethicone 5’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclomethicone 5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclomethicone 5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Found in moisturizers, creams, and lotions to provide a smooth and silky texture.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in anti-aging products to improve the spreadability and application of active ingredients.
Included in shampoos and conditioners to enhance manageability, detangling, and shine.

Cyclomethicone 5 is used in styling products such as serums and hair sprays for a lightweight, non-greasy finish.
Found in various cosmetics, including foundations, primers, and concealers, to improve texture and blendability.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in lip products for a smooth application.

Included in sunscreens to enhance the spreadability of the product and provide a pleasant feel on the skin.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in formulations to improve the texture and application of deodorant products.
Found in certain pharmaceutical formulations and medical creams for its emollient properties.

Cyclomethicone 5 is used in various industrial applications where a silicone with specific properties is required.
May be found in certain household products for its lubricating and water-repelling characteristics.
Applied in textile finishing processes to enhance fabric softness and improve the feel of textiles.

Cyclomethicone 5 is used in certain personal lubricants for its smooth and non-sticky properties.
Included in certain automotive and metal polishes to improve the application and shine.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclomethicone 5 are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
Cyclomethicone 5 used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
Cyclomethicone 5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclomethicone 5 are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
Cyclomethicone 5 is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.

Cyclomethicone 5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclomethicone 5 are also known to repel water and glide easily.

Cyclomethicone 5 is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.
They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Cyclomethicone 5 can help detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.

Employed as an antifoaming agent in various industrial processes where foam formation needs to be controlled.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in certain adhesive and sealant formulations to improve spreading and application properties.
Included in leather care products such as polishes and conditioners for its conditioning and shining properties.

Found in certain household and cleaning products to enhance the formulation's spreadability and texture.
Cyclomethicone 5 is used in certain automotive care products like dashboard polishes and interior cleaners for its smoothing and conditioning effects.
Employed in certain industrial lubricants for its lubricating properties.

Safety Profile:
The environmental impacts of Cyclomethicone 5 and D4 have attracted attention because these compounds are pervasive.
Cyclic siloxanes have been detected in some species of aquatic life.
A scientific review in Canada has determined that “Siloxane D5 does not pose a danger to the environment” and a scientific assessment of D5 by the Australian government stated, "the direct risks to aquatic life from exposure to these chemicals at expected surface water concentrations are not likely to be significant."

However, in the European Union, Cyclomethicone 5 was characterized as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) due to its PBT and vPvB properties and was thus included in the candidate list for authorisation.
Since 31 January 2020, Cyclomethicone 5 cannot be placed on the market in the European Union in wash-off cosmetic products in a concentration equal to or greater than 0.1 % by weight.


CYCLOMETHICONE D5
Cyclomethicone D5 is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of cyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclomethicone D5 may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in personal care formulations by gas chromatography.
Cyclomethicone D5 provides stability to the formulation and prevents it from splitting.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Molecular Weight: 370.77
EINECS Number: 208-764-9

DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, 541-02-6, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Cyclomethicone 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, Dow corning 345, NUC silicone VS 7158, Silicon SF 1202, Ciclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone D5, D5-sil, KF 995, CCRIS 1328, VS 7158, HSDB 5683, UNII-0THT5PCI0R, 0THT5PCI0R, EINECS 208-764-9, SF 1202, BRN 1800166, DTXSID1027184, JEESILC CPS-211, XIAMETER PMX-0245, DTXCID907184, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), D5, EC 208-764-9, 4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), KF-995, DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS), CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS], MFCD00046966, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech], Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, C10H30O5Si5, Lightening Serum, Cyclomethicone D5, dimethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, UNII: 0THT5PCI0R, SCHEMBL28497, N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane, CHEMBL1885178, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], 3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA, CHEBI:191092, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%, XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], BCP15826, Tox21_303170, CD3770, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL, AKOS008901199, CS-W009767, DB11244, HY-W009051, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], NCGC00163981-01, NCGC00257224-01, AS-59731, CAS-541-02-6, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], D1890, D3770, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer), FT-0665531, NS00043162, D78203, S05475, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard, Q414350, decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used to deposit active ingredients on the skin and hair, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the formulation.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in serums, lotions, hair sprays, face and body mists, sunscreens, non-sticky oils, etc.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Featured Industries: Pharmaceutical (small molecule)
Cyclomethicone D5, is a type of silicone commonly used in various personal care and cosmetic products.

Cyclomethicone D5 belongs to the class of cyclic siloxanes, specifically a pentamer of the chemical formula (CH3)2SiO.
The "D5" designation refers to its cyclic structure and is often used in product ingredient lists.
Cyclomethicone D5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.

Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclomethicone D5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclomethicone D5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.

Cyclomethicone D5 is considered an emollient.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.

These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.
Cyclomethicone D5 is preferred for its conditioning, viscosity controlling, and water-repelling properties.
Cyclomethicone D5 is an excellent solvent and can be found in countless products.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclomethicone D5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Cyclomethicone D5 is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclomethicone D5 means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning Cyclomethicone D5 doesn’t suffocate skin.

Cyclomethicone D5, also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.

The chemical formula for Cyclomethicone D5 is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclomethicone D5 gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

Further, Cyclomethicone D5 also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a high molecular weight, hydrophobic silicone fluid with a low vapor pressure.
Cyclomethicone D5 has a high resistance to hydrolysis by water and acids.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used as a reactive diluent in the synthesis of compounds that have an unsaturated bond.
Cyclomethicone D5 can also be used as a film-forming polymer in cosmetics and personal care products, such as hair sprays, body lotions, and antiperspirants.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in the synthesis of butanediol, which is then converted into other materials like polyester or polysiloxanes.

Cyclomethicone D5 has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.
Cyclomethicone D5 was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic characteristic
Cyclomethicone D5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.

Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic Cyclomethicone D5 and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 can be removed by distillation.
Cyclomethicone D5 is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and a pollutant through accumulation and persistence in the environment.

Cyclomethicone D5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Cyclomethicone D5 is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclomethicone D5’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.
Cyclomethicone D5 is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.

Cyclomethicone D5 doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclomethicone D5 evaporates quickly away from it.
This property makes Cyclomethicone D5 a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

Cyclomethicone D5 also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows Cyclomethicone D5 to spread more easily.
As if the name "Cyclomethicone D5" wasn't hard enough to say, we should point out that it's also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.

Cyclomethicone D5 is described by Robinson as a silicon-based compound, and it's part of a larger category called cyclomethicone.
Cyclomethicone D5 functions primarily as an emollient, comes in a colorless and odorless liquid form, and is found in a vast array of beauty products from skincare to haircare.
Cyclomethicone D5 is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.

Cyclomethicone D5 is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclomethicone D5 also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a volatile silicone, meaning it evaporates quickly when applied to the skin or hair.

This property contributes to a smooth and lightweight feel upon application.
Cyclomethicone D5 enhances the spreadability of cosmetic products and provides a silky, non-greasy texture.
Cyclomethicone D5 helps in the even distribution of other ingredients in formulations.

Cyclomethicone D5 acts as an emollient, imparting a soft and smooth texture to the skin or hair.
Cyclomethicone D5 can improve the appearance of cosmetic formulations, giving them a luxurious and aesthetically pleasing feel.
In hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, Cyclomethicone D5 can contribute to improved manageability, shine, and detangling.

Found in various skincare products like creams and lotions, Cyclomethicone D5 helps in providing a smooth application, and its volatility ensures a non-greasy finish.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Cyclomethicone D5 is documented to be an anti-static agent, non-greasy, non-sticky, and is acclaimed for giving a slippery feel and a dry non-cooling sensation on evaporation.

Cyclomethicone D5 evaporates quickly and does not leave behind any residue.
This commands application in formulating deodorants and antiperspirants.
Cyclomethicone D5 makes spreading products a breeze because of its unique fluidity.

Cyclomethicone D5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Flash point: 162 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
form: Liquid
color: Colorless
Specific Gravity: 0.959
explosive limit 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Dielectric constant: 2.5(20℃)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃

Cyclomethicone D5 is a volatile fluid with appreciable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.
Cyclomethicone D5’s also used as a sealant to protect the skin against moisture loss and as a lubricant as it helps the skin and hair absorb heavier, larger molecular weight ingredients.
Cyclomethicone D5 gives products a silky, smooth feel that then have a nice feel to the skin.

Also known as Cyclomethicone D5, thankfully, it’s often referred to as simply, D5.
Cyclomethicone D5’s colourless, odourless and is always found in liquid form.
Cyclomethicone D5 is a polydimethylcyclosiloxane that is composed of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (CAS# 541‐02‐6).

Cyclomethicone D5 is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non‐greasy and non‐stinging.
Due to their varying rates of evaporation, low surface tensions (high spreadability), and non‐greasy feel, Cyclomethicone D5s are used as base fluids, carrying agents and wetting agents in a wide range of personal care products.
They are being uses as replacements for Non‐VOC compliant petroleum‐bases solvents as both carrying agents as well as for cleaning solvents where low to medium solvency power is desireable.

Both Cyclo‐2244 and Cyclo‐2245 have comparable evaporation rates to naptha solvents, odorless mineral spirits (OMS) as well as some of the isoparaffinic solvents.
They are compatible with most substates, including metals and plastics.
Renowned for its role in ensuring utmost reliability and consistency in pharmaceutical testing applications, Cyclomethicone D5 stands as a top-quality reference material in diverse verticals including raw material analysis.

Offering outstanding precision, this secondary pharmaceutical standard ensures accurate results, making it an indispensable asset for those seeking excellence in their analytical endeavours.
Cyclomethicone D5 is an ingredient in cosmetic products that is used as an occlusive because it significantly reduces the stickiness of formulations.
Cyclomethicone D5 consists of fully methylated cyclic dimethylpolysiloxanes such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), although the exact composition varies.

D4 and Cyclomethicone D5 are difficult to degrade and accumulate in living organisms (bioaccumulating).
With D4 and Cyclomethicone D5, there is a risk that they will find their way into the human organism through inhalation as a volatile substance from cosmetics.
A layer of D 4 on the skin evaporates within 30 minutes at 25 °C and in 10 minutes at 37 °C.

Cyclomethicone D5was introduced into cosmetics in 1978.
Cyclomethicone D5 is practically insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohols and other solvents .
Cyclomethicone D5 evaporates easily, even from cosmetics, without cooling or causing any discomfort. D 4 is classified as a hazardous substance due to suspected reproductive toxic effects .

Cosmetic applications include: room sprays, body sprays, antiperspirants, skin creams, skin lotions, suntan lotions, bath oils, hair care products etc.
Cyclomethicone D5 Fluids are California VOC Exempt and will not contribute to ozone‐ depletion and global warming.
Cyclomethicone D5 is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and environmental pollutant because it accumulates in the environment and is persistent.

Cyclomethicone D5 works by carrying the key ingredients of a formulation into the skin and hair for better absorption.
Lacking penetrative powers, Cyclomethicone D5 simply forms a layer over the skin.
Cyclomethicone D5 makes the surface slippery and then evaporates owing to its volatility.

Cyclomethicone D5 is insoluble in water and is soluble in alcohols, silicones, and solvents.
Cyclomethicone D5 is suggested that its concentration be kept between 3%-10% for deodorants and skin care products, though it can be increased up to 20%.

Cyclomethicone D5s, are inert synthetic polymers consisting of repeated units of silicon (Si) atoms, oxygen atoms (O), and R organic substituent (R2SiO), occurring in linear or cyclic forms.
Based on their polymer length, particle size, and molecular weights, siloxanes can be categorised into different groups: fluids, elastomers and resins.

Uses Of Cyclomethicone D5:
Cyclomethicone D5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclomethicone D5 are also known to repel water and glide easily.

Cyclomethicone D5 is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.
They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Cyclomethicone D5 can help detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.

Employed as an antifoaming agent in various industrial processes where foam formation needs to be controlled.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in certain adhesive and sealant formulations to improve spreading and application properties.
Included in leather care products such as polishes and conditioners for its conditioning and shining properties.

Found in certain household and cleaning products to enhance the formulation's spreadability and texture.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in certain automotive care products like dashboard polishes and interior cleaners for its smoothing and conditioning effects.
Employed in certain industrial lubricants for its lubricating properties.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used in the production of polymers and plastics to improve processing and molding properties.
Included in certain paint and coating formulations for its ability to enhance the texture and application of the product.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in some electronic and electrical insulation materials for its dielectric properties.

Applied as a release agent in molding processes to facilitate the easy removal of molded products.
Cyclomethicone D5 sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclomethicone D5 may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.

Cyclomethicone D5’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
Cyclomethicone D5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

Cyclomethicone D5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclomethicone D5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclomethicone D5 is considered an emollient.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclomethicone D5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclomethicone D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Found in moisturizers, creams, and lotions to provide a smooth and silky texture.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in anti-aging products to improve the spreadability and application of active ingredients.
Included in shampoos and conditioners to enhance manageability, detangling, and shine.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used in styling products such as serums and hair sprays for a lightweight, non-greasy finish.
Found in various cosmetics, including foundations, primers, and concealers, to improve texture and blendability.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in lip products for a smooth application.

Included in sunscreens to enhance the spreadability of the product and provide a pleasant feel on the skin.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in formulations to improve the texture and application of deodorant products.
Found in certain pharmaceutical formulations and medical creams for its emollient properties.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used in various industrial applications where a silicone with specific properties is required.
May be found in certain household products for its lubricating and water-repelling characteristics.
Applied in textile finishing processes to enhance fabric softness and improve the feel of textiles.

Cyclomethicone D5 is used in certain personal lubricants for its smooth and non-sticky properties.
Included in certain automotive and metal polishes to improve the application and shine.
Cyclomethicone D5 is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclomethicone D5 are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
Cyclomethicone D5 used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclomethicone D5 used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
Cyclomethicone D5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclomethicone D5 are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
Cyclomethicone D5 is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.

Safety Profile Of Cyclomethicone D5:
The environmental impacts of Cyclomethicone D5 and D4 have attracted attention because these compounds are pervasive.
Cyclic siloxanes have been detected in some species of aquatic life.
A scientific review in Canada has determined that “Siloxane D5 does not pose a danger to the environment” and a scientific assessment of D5 by the Australian government stated, "the direct risks to aquatic life from exposure to these chemicals at expected surface water concentrations are not likely to be significant."

However, in the European Union, Cyclomethicone D5 was characterized as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) due to its PBT and vPvB properties and was thus included in the candidate list for authorisation.
Since 31 January 2020, Cyclomethicone D5 cannot be placed on the market in the European Union in wash-off cosmetic products in a concentration equal to or greater than 0.1 % by weight.


CYCLOPENTADECANONE
CYCLOPENTANONE, N° CAS : 120-92-3, Nom INCI : CYCLOPENTANONE, Nom chimique : Cyclopentanone, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-435-9. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques
CYCLOPENTANONE
CYCLIC PENTAMER-D5; DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXAN; DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE; Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer)Cyclic Pentamer-D5; VOLASIL(TM) 245; 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane; CD3770; cyclicdimethylsiloxanepentamer; Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-; D3770; Decamethylcylopentasiloxane; Decaαthyl-pentasil-pentoxan; Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan; Dimethylsiloxane pentamer; dimethylsiloxanepentamer CAS NO:541-02-6
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, N° CAS : 541-02-6 - Cyclopentasiloxane, Autres langues : Ciclopentasiloxano, Cyclopentasiloxan, Nom INCI : CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Nom chimique :Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 208-764-9, Le cyclopentasiloxane est un silicone volatil que l'on appelle aussi Silicone D5. Il ne s'accumule pas sur les cheveux ou la peau et fait bénéficier aux consommateurs de l'avantage de cette famille sans ses inconvénients : toucher doux, non gras et propriétés lubrifiantes. Ses fonctions (INCI): Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. Noms français : Décaméthylcyclopentasiloxane. Noms anglais :CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL-; DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE; DIMETHYLSILOXANE PENTAMER. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Fabrication de cosmétiques
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE

Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone compound commonly used in cosmetics, personal care products, and various industrial applications.
Cyclopentasiloxane İs a cyclic silicone with the chemical formula (CH₃)₂SiO, composed of five silicon atoms bonded to each other in a ring structure, with methyl (CH₃) groups attached to each silicon atom.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9

Synonyms: D5, Pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone-5, Cyclopolysiloxane, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Pentacyclomethicone, Pentasiloxane, Siloxane D5, Cyclotetrasiloxane, Decamethylcyclohexasiloxane, Cyclohexasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane Mixture, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Mixture, Dimethyl siloxane pentamer, Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me pentamer, Siloxanes and Silicones, pentamethyl, Siloxanes and Silicones, pentamethylcyclopentasiloxanes, Cyclic Dimethylpolysiloxane, Decamethyl Cyclopentasiloxane, Methicone, Pentamer, Pentasilanecyclomethane, Pentasioxane, Pentasil, Siloxane, Pentamer, Pentamethyl-cyclopentasiloxane, Pentamethyl-p-rosan, Pentamethyl-1,3,5,7-tetraoxacyclooctane, Pentamethylpentacyclopentasiloxane, Pentamethylpentacyclopentasiloxane, Pentamethyltetrasiloxane, Pentasilicon, Tetramethyl-cyclotetrasiloxane, Cyclomethicones, Cyclosiloxanes, D4-D20, Dimethicone Cyclomethicone, Polydimethylcyclosiloxanes, D5 silicone, Pentamethylcyclopolysiloxane, Siloxane polymer, Siloxanes, Methicone, Decamethyltetrasiloxane, Pentacyclopolysiloxane, 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane, D5 siloxane, Dimethylsiloxanes pentamer, D5 compound, Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, Pentamethylcyclopolysiloxane, Pentamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, Siloxane D5 polymer, Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me pentamer, Siloxanes and Silicones, pentamethyl, Siloxanes and Silicones, pentamethylcyclopentasiloxanes



APPLICATIONS


Cyclopentasiloxane is commonly used in skincare products such as moisturizers, serums, and lotions.
Cyclopentasiloxane serves as a key ingredient in makeup primers, helping to create a smooth canvas for foundation application.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in many haircare products, including shampoos, conditioners, and styling products.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in antiperspirants and deodorants to provide a smooth, non-greasy feel upon application.
Cyclopentasiloxane is utilized in sunscreen formulations to improve spreadability and enhance water resistance.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a common component in anti-aging creams and treatments, helping to soften and smooth the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in pharmaceutical ointments and topical medications for its skin-conditioning properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in wound care products to create a protective barrier over the skin and promote healing.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in baby care products such as diaper creams and lotions for its gentle, non-irritating nature.

Cyclopentasiloxane is utilized in massage oils and body creams for its ability to impart a luxurious, silky texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to facial cleansers and makeup removers to aid in the removal of impurities and makeup residue.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in lip balms and lipsticks to provide a smooth, glide-on application and prevent drying.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in bath and shower products such as body washes and scrubs for its emollient properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane is utilized in men's grooming products such as shaving creams and aftershaves for its lubricating and soothing effects.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in hand creams and moisturizing gloves to soften and hydrate dry, rough skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in foot creams and treatments to smooth calluses and rough patches and prevent moisture loss.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to hair masks and treatments to improve manageability and enhance shine.

Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in leave-in conditioners and detanglers to reduce friction and minimize breakage during styling.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in sunless tanning products to improve the evenness of application and prevent streaking.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in nail care products such as cuticle oils and treatments for its softening and conditioning effects.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to massage creams and lotions for its ability to spread easily over the skin and provide slip.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in aromatherapy products such as massage oils and diffuser blends for its neutral odor and compatibility with essential oils.

Cyclopentasiloxane is found in scar treatment products to improve the texture and appearance of scars over time.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in stretch mark creams and treatments to hydrate the skin and improve elasticity.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in post-procedure skincare products to soothe and protect the skin after treatments such as laser therapy or chemical peels.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in hair serums and leave-in treatments to provide heat protection during styling with hot tools.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to foundation formulations to improve blendability and create a lightweight, natural finish.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in eye creams and gels to reduce the appearance of puffiness and dark circles.

Cyclopentasiloxane is utilized in acne treatment products such as spot treatments and gels for its non-comedogenic properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to fragrance formulations to enhance the longevity and diffusion of the scent.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in bath oils and bath bombs to moisturize the skin and create a luxurious bathing experience.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in makeup setting sprays to help lock makeup in place for extended wear.

Cyclopentasiloxane is found in dry shampoo formulations to absorb excess oil and refresh the hair between washes.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to lip glosses and lip stains for its lightweight, non-sticky texture.

Cyclopentasiloxane is utilized in anti-frizz hair serums and oils to smooth and tame unruly hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in hand sanitizers and antibacterial gels for its quick-drying and non-greasy properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane is added to facial masks and sheet masks to improve adherence and enhance the delivery of active ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in intimate lubricants and moisturizers for its long-lasting slip and smooth texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in body sprays and mists to provide a light, refreshing burst of fragrance.

Cyclopentasiloxane is found in foot sprays and powders to absorb moisture and reduce foot odor.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to scalp treatments and serums to soothe irritation and promote a healthy scalp environment.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in cuticle creams and oils to soften and hydrate dry, brittle cuticles.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in makeup remover wipes and cleansing balms to dissolve makeup and impurities without stripping the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in hair color treatments to improve the evenness of color application and enhance shine.

Cyclopentasiloxane is added to body scrubs and exfoliants to create a smooth, creamy texture and enhance the exfoliating action.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in dry skin treatments such as body butters and creams for its emollient properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in anti-cellulite creams and treatments to improve skin texture and firmness.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in barrier creams and ointments to protect the skin from irritants and moisture loss.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to pre-shave oils and gels to soften the beard and provide a smooth shaving experience.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in hair volumizing products such as mousses and sprays to add lift and body to the hair.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in sun care products such as sunscreens and sunblocks to improve their spreadability and water resistance.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to body lotions and creams to create a soft, velvety feel upon application.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in makeup setting powders and sprays to help set makeup and control shine.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in eye makeup removers to gently dissolve waterproof mascara and eyeliner.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in facial primers to fill in fine lines and pores and create a smooth base for makeup application.

Cyclopentasiloxane is added to lip balms and treatments to provide long-lasting hydration and protection against chapping.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in massage candles and oils for its smooth, glide-on texture and skin-conditioning properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in hand sanitizing gels and foams to provide a quick-drying, non-sticky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in hair detangling sprays and leave-in conditioners to make combing easier and prevent breakage.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to facial toners and mists to hydrate and refresh the skin throughout the day.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in body shimmer oils and sprays to create a luminous, radiant glow on the skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in foot scrubs and exfoliants to soften calluses and rough patches.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in diaper rash creams and ointments to protect delicate baby skin from irritation.

Cyclopentasiloxane is added to cuticle remover creams and gels to soften and dissolve excess cuticle growth.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in under-eye concealers to prevent creasing and caking throughout the day.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in hair texturizing sprays and mousses to create volume and hold without stiffness.

Cyclopentasiloxane is found in makeup brush cleaners and sanitizers to dissolve makeup residue and bacteria.
Cyclopentasiloxane is added to facial serums and treatments to improve the penetration of active ingredients into the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in aftersun lotions and gels to soothe and hydrate sun-exposed skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in cuticle oils and treatments to nourish and strengthen nails and cuticles.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in scalp scrubs and treatments to exfoliate and clarify the scalp.

Cyclopentasiloxane is added to bath salts and soaks to soften and hydrate the skin while relaxing the muscles.
Cyclopentasiloxane is employed in fragrance oils and perfumes to enhance the longevity and diffusion of the scent.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in facial cleansing oils and balms to dissolve makeup and impurities without stripping the skin's natural oils.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in makeup sponge cleansers and sprays to remove makeup buildup and bacteria from beauty tools.

Cyclopentasiloxane contributes to the long-lasting wear of makeup products, preventing them from smudging or fading throughout the day.
In haircare formulations, cyclopentasiloxane smooths and conditions the hair, imparting a glossy sheen and reducing frizz.
Cyclopentasiloxane enhances the spreadability of sunscreens and moisturizers, ensuring even coverage for optimal protection.

Cyclopentasiloxane's low surface tension allows it to penetrate deeply into the hair shaft, providing nourishment from within.
Cyclopentasiloxane facilitates the dispersion of pigments and other additives in cosmetics, ensuring uniform color distribution.

Cyclopentasiloxane's non-comedogenic properties make it suitable for use in skincare products, minimizing the risk of clogged pores.
Cyclopentasiloxane has a non-greasy feel, making it suitable for use in lightweight moisturizers and serums.
The smooth, velvety texture imparted by cyclopentasiloxane creates a luxurious sensory experience during application.
In antiperspirants and deodorants, it helps to create a dry, powdery feel upon application, reducing discomfort.

Cyclopentasiloxane's stability ensures the longevity of cosmetic formulations, preserving their efficacy over time.
Cyclopentasiloxane acts as a lubricant in personal care products, allowing for easy application and comfortable wear.
The rapid evaporation of cyclopentasiloxane leaves behind a cooling sensation on the skin, imparting a refreshing feel.

In foundation formulations, it creates a smooth, even base for makeup application, minimizing the appearance of imperfections.
Cyclopentasiloxane's compatibility with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients makes it a versatile component in formulation development.
Cyclopentasiloxane enhances the spreadability of skincare products, allowing for effortless blending and absorption.

Cyclopentasiloxane imparts a soft-focus effect to cosmetics, diffusing light to minimize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Cyclopentasiloxane's water-repellent properties make it ideal for use in water-resistant sunscreen and makeup formulations.
Its silky texture and skin-smoothing properties make cyclopentasiloxane a popular choice in premium skincare and cosmetics.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone compound commonly used in cosmetics, personal care products, and various industrial applications.
Cyclopentasiloxane İs a cyclic silicone with the chemical formula (CH₃)₂SiO, composed of five silicon atoms bonded to each other in a ring structure, with methyl (CH₃) groups attached to each silicon atom.

In products like skincare and haircare items, cyclopentasiloxane is often used as a carrier agent for other ingredients, giving products a smooth, silky feel upon application.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps products spread easily and provides a light, non-greasy texture.
Additionally, it can evaporate quickly, leaving a thin layer of the active ingredients on the skin or hair.

Due to its volatility and low surface tension, cyclopentasiloxane is also used in industrial applications such as lubricants, coatings, and sealants.
However, it's worth noting that there has been some concern about its environmental impact and potential bioaccumulation, leading to regulatory scrutiny and efforts to find safer alternatives.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a clear, odorless liquid with a smooth, slippery texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane exhibits excellent spreadability, effortlessly gliding over the skin upon application.
This versatile compound evaporates quickly, leaving behind a lightweight, silky finish.

Cyclopentasiloxane imparts a luxurious feel to cosmetic and personal care products, enhancing their sensory appeal.
Cyclopentasiloxane serves as an effective carrier for active ingredients, aiding in their absorption into the skin.

Its volatility makes it an ideal ingredient for fast-drying formulas, reducing waiting times between application and product effectiveness.
Despite its lightweight nature, cyclopentasiloxane forms a protective barrier on the skin, helping to lock in moisture.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Molecular Weight: 370.77 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: -40°C (-40°F)
Boiling Point: 210°C (410°F)
Density: 0.95 g/cm³
Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Vapor Pressure: 0.5 mmHg at 25°C
Flash Point: >93°C (200°F) (closed cup)
pH: Neutral (7)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen if trained to do so.
Seek medical attention if respiratory symptoms persist or worsen.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected area with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently with lukewarm water, holding the eyelids open, for at least 15 minutes.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or pain persists after rinsing.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth with water and spit out any remaining substance.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.


Note to Healthcare Professionals:

Treat symptomatically and supportively.
In cases of significant exposure or ingestion, monitor vital signs and provide appropriate medical care.
Consider the possibility of respiratory distress or irritation in cases of inhalation exposure.
Provide eye irrigation if there is evidence of eye contact, and monitor for ocular symptoms.


General Advice:

Keep contaminated clothing and footwear away from other clothing.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling cyclopentasiloxane or any contaminated items.
If symptoms persist or worsen after initial first aid, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide relevant information to medical personnel, including the name and composition of the substance, route of exposure, and extent of exposure.


Note on Safety Precautions:

Always handle cyclopentasiloxane in a well-ventilated area to minimize the risk of inhalation exposure.
Use appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety glasses, when handling the substance.
Store cyclopentasiloxane in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials.
Follow all safety precautions and guidelines provided by the manufacturer or supplier of the product containing cyclopentasiloxane.


Emergency Contact Information:

In case of emergency, contact local emergency services or poison control center for further assistance and guidance.
Provide relevant information about the substance, including its name, composition, and any known hazards, to assist medical personnel in providing appropriate treatment.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Ventilation:
Handle cyclopentasiloxane in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure.
Use local exhaust ventilation if necessary.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including safety glasses or goggles to protect the eyes, gloves to protect the skin, and a lab coat or protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid direct contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
In case of contact, follow the first aid measures outlined and wash thoroughly with soap and water.

Preventive Measures:
Implement preventive measures, such as good hygiene practices and regular handwashing, to minimize the risk of accidental ingestion or inhalation.

Avoidance of Sources of Ignition:
Keep away from sources of ignition, such as open flames, sparks, or hot surfaces, as cyclopentasiloxane may be flammable under certain conditions.

No Smoking:
Prohibit smoking, eating, or drinking in areas where cyclopentasiloxane is handled to prevent accidental ingestion or inhalation.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Have appropriate spill control measures in place, including absorbent materials and spill kits, to contain and clean up spills promptly.
Dispose of waste according to local regulations.

Handling Equipment:
Use equipment and tools made of compatible materials, such as stainless steel or polyethylene, to handle cyclopentasiloxane safely.


Storage:

Container:
Store cyclopentasiloxane in tightly closed containers, preferably made of glass, aluminum, or high-density polyethylene (HDPE), to prevent contamination and evaporation.

Temperature:
Store cyclopentasiloxane in a cool, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.
Maintain temperatures below the specified flash point to minimize the risk of ignition.

Avoidance of Oxidizers:
Store cyclopentasiloxane away from strong oxidizing agents and reactive chemicals to prevent potential reactions or hazards.

Separation from Incompatible Materials:
Keep cyclopentasiloxane separated from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, and reactive metals, to avoid adverse reactions or contamination.

Labeling:
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the name of the substance, hazard warnings, and safety precautions to facilitate safe handling and storage.

Secure Storage:
Store containers of cyclopentasiloxane securely to prevent tipping or falling, and to minimize the risk of spills or leaks.

Regular Inspection:
Periodically inspect storage areas and containers for signs of damage, leakage, or deterioration, and take appropriate corrective actions as needed.

Training:
Provide training to personnel on safe handling and storage practices for cyclopentasiloxane, including emergency response procedures and proper use of PPE.
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
DESCRIPTION:

Cyclopentasiloxane is easy to use and spread, leaves skin and hair feeling soft and slippery, and leaves no residue after evaporation.
Cyclopentasiloxane can also reduce surface tension and help disperse pigments well.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile silicone used as a carrier base and solvent.



CAS NUMBER: 541-02-6

EC NUMBER: 208-764-9



DESCRIPTION:

Cyclopentasiloxane can be used in antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions and stick products, bath oils, sun and shaving products, makeup and nail polishes.
Cyclopentasiloxane sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.

Cyclopentasiloxane’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
Cyclopentasiloxane is an ingredient found in hundreds of personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane improves the texture of formulations, giving them a smooth and silky feel.

Cyclopentasiloxane, also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5, is part of the cyclomethicone family of silicones.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a clear, odorless, thin liquid that a person may find in many skincare and cosmetic products.
Although Cyclopentasiloxane offers minimal benefits to the skin, manufacturers add cyclopentasiloxane to a vast range of products to improve their feel, delivery, and function.
Cyclopentasiloxane forms a protective barrier on the skin and hair, which is why many companies use it in antifrizz and detangling products.

Cyclopentasiloxane is also water-resistant. This is why companies commonly use it in sealants and windshield coatings.
Cyclopentasiloxane offers minimal benefits to the skin. Companies primarily add it to skincare products to improve their sensory feel and texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane has other properties that boost the effectiveness of formulations.
Cyclopentasiloxane is an effective carrier, or solvent, due to its ability to evaporate quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to evenly coat the skin with active ingredients without leaving a heavy, sticky, or tacky residue after application.

Cyclopentasiloxane leaves the active ingredients to work from the skin’s surface as they evaporate.
Cyclopentasiloxane also acts as an emollient that adds a protective barrier to the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane evaporates quickly and does not stay on the skin surface, so it does not leave a sticky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane leaves a protective yet breathable layer on the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps make formulations feel smooth and silky for a smooth and easy application.

Cyclopentasiloxane allows products to spread evenly over the skin so that all areas of the skin receive key ingredients from a product.
Cyclopentasiloxane (cyclomethicone) is a silicon-based cyclic compound; may be associated with environmental toxicity.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
The chemical formula for Cyclopentasiloxane is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.

Cyclopentasiloxane gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Cyclopentasiloxane also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane gives softness, shine and heat resistance to the hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane preserves the color of the hair.
In skin care and sun care products, Cyclopentasiloxane provides softness, silkiness, spreadability and reduces stickiness.

Cyclopentasiloxane provides water resistance.
Cyclopentasiloxane gives softness, shine and pigment dispersion to the final product in color cosmetics.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of cyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclopentasiloxane is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, nongreasy and non-stinging.
Cyclopentasiloxane may be used alone or blended with other cosmetic fluids to provide a fluid base for a variety of cosmetic ingredients.

Cyclopentasiloxane features good solubility in most anhydrous alcohols and in many cosmetic solvents.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile fluid with appreciable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in hundreds of cosmetics.
In the past, there was controversy about its potential health and environmental risks.
But the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel considers it safe to use in cosmetics.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.
Cyclopentasiloxane is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane evaporates quickly away from it.
This property makes it a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

Cyclopentasiloxane also has lubricating properties. This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows the product to spread more easily.
Cyclopentasiloxane is widely used in cosmetic products due to its unique functions as antistatic, emollient, humectant, solvent, viscosity controlling and hair conditioning agent.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile silicone also known as Silicone D5.

Cyclopentasiloxane does not accumulate on the hair or the skin and allows consumers to benefit from the advantage of this family without its drawbacks: soft feel, non-greasy and lubricating properties.
Nevertheless, Cyclopentasiloxane has been closely monitored for several years and its release into the wild remains a concern.
Cyclopentasiloxane is classified as vPvB (very persistent and very bioaccumulative).
Cyclopentasiloxane is prohibited in organic.

Cyclopentasiloxane is an organic silicone which is frequently used in skin care cosmetics.
In skin care products, Cyclopentasiloxane ensures optimum viscosity and leaves the skin feeling smooth and silky.
Cyclopentasiloxane has a ring-shaped structure that makes it more volatile or less stable.
This instability allows cyclopentasiloxane to evaporate when applied to your skin—making it an excellent ingredient for products that need to go on smoothly but not remain sticky after application.
As all the cyclopentasiloxane eventually evaporates from the surface of the skin, it leaves behind the other key components in the product to work their magic.
This action of evaporation makes it an excellent carrier ingredient.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a multifunctional ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations.
The main benefit is that it helps to improve the texture and sensory feel of the product on the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane also has many other added benefits.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to produce a smooth, silky formulation that allows the product to spread evenly over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane prevents the product from catching on dry skin patches and even skin tone by gliding over pores and wrinkles.
Cyclopentasiloxane ensures that all areas of the skin are receiving the key ingredients in your product.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile substance – like all cyclomethicones.
This allows it to gradually evaporate from the skin, leaving behind the product’s key ingredients without the heaviness of other silicone-based ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclopentasiloxane also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.

Instead, it means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane also means you don’t have to worry about cyclopentasiloxane “trapping” or “congesting” skin.
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning this siloxane doesn’t suffocate skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane also shows up in hair care formulas (particularly conditioners and hair serums) where it lends a softening + smoothing feel and makes hair remarkably shiny.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a cyclic silicone compound that belongs to the family of organosilicones.
Cyclopentasiloxane is composed of five silicon atoms (in a cyclic structure) linked with oxygen atoms.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a clear, odorless, and low-viscosity liquid.
Cyclopentasiloxane is widely used in the cosmetic and personal care industry as a silicone-based ingredient.
Cyclopentasiloxane offers a range of properties that make it desirable in various formulations.

Cyclopentasiloxane has a low boiling point and evaporates quickly upon contact with the skin, leaving behind a smooth, silky feel.
This property makes it a popular choice for products that require a lightweight, non-greasy texture, such as lotions, creams, sunscreens, and hair care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane can act as a solvent, helping to dissolve and disperse other ingredients in formulations.
This property allows it to enhance the stability and compatibility of different components in various cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to improve the spreadability and application of products.

Cyclopentasiloxane enables easy and even distribution of formulations on the skin or hair, providing a pleasant sensory experience.
Cyclopentasiloxane has good thermal stability, allowing it to withstand high temperatures.
This makes it suitable for use in heat styling products like hair serums, sprays, and heat protectants.
Cyclopentasiloxane's important to note that cyclopentasiloxane is primarily used in topical cosmetic and personal care products and is not intended for ingestion.

Cyclopentasiloxane is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics, but as with any ingredient, individuals with specific sensitivities or allergies should review the ingredient list or consult a healthcare professional if necessary.
Due to its unique molecular structure, cyclopentasiloxane imparts a silky, lubricating effect, which can contribute to the smooth application of products.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps reduce friction and provides a luxurious, silky feel on the skin.
The basic structure common to all cyclomethicones is a cyclic backbone of siloxane units

Cyclomethicone is a general term describing an individual and/or a mixture of cyclic siloxane materials that have many uses and are found in a variety of consumer products.
These materials are derived from the natural elements silicon and oxygen.
Cyclopentasiloxane, also known as CSP, is synthetic compound, in cyclic siloxane group.
Cyclopentasiloxane in normal terms is a silicone.
Cyclopentasiloxanes are mainly colorless, odorless liquid with low viscosity.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a low-cost option for vegetable oil or any other animal source.
Cyclopentasiloxane also acts as a volatile solvent.
Cyclopentasiloxane forms a thin film over skin or hair.
This film is non-greasy, but at the same time, water repellent does not let moisture evaporate and provide the emollient effect.

Cyclopentasiloxane also spreads more evenly and faster even when rubbed over the skin or hair surface.
Cyclopentasiloxane also helps improves hair appearance, shine, and manageability.
Because of the film, the environmental effect on skin /hair can be avoided, in other words, it also produces a protective film over skin and hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in skin products, sunscreens, color cosmetics, hair care, lotions, facial make-up, and rinse-off products.



USAGE:

Cyclopentasiloxane is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxanes are also known to repel water and glide easily.
This is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.
They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
This can help you detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.
Cyclopentasiloxane can be found in a wide range of personal care products.



APPLICATIONS:

-hair spray
-sunscreen
-antiperspirant
-deodorant
-hair conditioner
-shampoo
-hair detangling products
-waterproof mascara
-foundation
-eyeliner
-concealer
-moisturizer with SPF
-eye shadow
-hairstyling gel and lotion
-lipstick



APPLICATION:

-sunscreen
-antiperspirant
-deodorant
-hair spray
-shampoo
-conditioner
-antifrizz products
-anti-hair-breakage products
-hair-detangling products
-pomade
-makeup
-makeup remover
-night cream




APPLICATIONS:

-Cyclopentasiloxane is a base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading, easy rub-out and lubrication properties together with unique volatility characteristics.
-In sticks, Cyclopentasiloxane has the right balance between volatility and spreading.


-Antiperspirants
-deodorants
-hair sprays
-cleansing creams
-skin creams
-lotions and stick products
-bath oils
-suntan and shaving products
-make-up
-nail polishes.



COSMETIC USES:

-hair conditioning
-skin conditioning
-skin conditioning - emollient
-solvents




PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear oily liquid
-Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
-Specific Gravity: 0.95930 at 20.00 °C.
-Refractive Index: 1.39820 at 20.00 °C.
-Melting Point: -38.00 °C. at 760.00 mm Hg
-Boiling Point: 210.00 °C. at 760.00 mm Hg
-Boiling Point: 209.00 to 210.00 °C. at 760.00 mm Hg
-Vapor Pressure: 0.200000 mmHg at 25.00 °C.
-Flash Point: 204.00 °F. TCC ( 95.60 °C. )
-logP (o/w): 5.200




FUNCTIONS:

-Emollient: Softens and softens the skin
-Hair conditioner: Leaves hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine
-Skin conditioning agent: Keeps the skin in good condition
-Solvent: Dissolves other substances



BENEFITS:

-Imparts soft silky feel to the skin
-Excellent spreading
-Leaves no oily residue or build up
-Detackification
-Non-greasy



FEATURES:

-Volatile carrier
-Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients
-Low surface tension
-Enhances the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product
-Promotes even distribution other ingredients in a formula
-Quickly evaporates from skin’s surface without leaving a heavy feel
-Popular in a wide range of skin and hair care products
-Also functions as a solvent to dissolve and deliver ingredients to skin



STORAGE:

Cyclopentasiloxane should be stored at or below 25°C (77°F) in the original unopened containers.



SYNONYM:

Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,4,6,8,10-pentaethenyl-2,4,6,8,10-pentamethyl-
PENTAVINYLPENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
Methylvinylsiloxane cyclic pentamer
2,4,6,8,10-pentakis(ethenyl)-2,4,6,8,10-pentamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
2,4,6,8,10-Pentamethyl-2,4,6,8,10-pentavinylcyclopentasiloxane
2,4,6,8,10-pentamethyl-2,4,6,8,10-pentavinyl-cyclopentasiloxane
C15H30O5Si5
SCHEMBL1062139
DTXSID9066251
C15-H30-O5-Si5
Pentavinylpentamethylcyclopenta-siloxane
1,3,5,7,9-pentamethyl-1,3,5,7,9-pentavinylcyclopentasiloxane
2,4,6,8,10-Pentavinyl-2,4,6,8,10-pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane
2,4,6,8,10-Pentamethyl-2,4,6,8,10-pentavinyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane




IUPAC NAME:

1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxano
decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxan
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Dimethylpolysiloxan



TRADE NAME:

Baysilone D5G
BRB CM 50
Calsil CV 50
Calsil CV50
Calsil IV 50
Calsil IV50
D5
decametilciclopentasiloxano
DOW CORNING(R) 245 FLUID
EXO T216S
KF995
SB32
SF 1202
SHTSF405
SILBIONE PENTAMERE D5
Silsoft 1202-LT
SL25
T-216B
TSF405
XE14-B9042C








CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
Cyclopentasiloxane is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

CAS: 541-02-6
MF: C10H30O5Si5
MW: 370.77
EINECS: 208-764-9

Cyclopentasiloxane is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclopentasiloxane is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclopentasiloxane also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclopentasiloxane means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as Cyclopentasiloxane is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane also means you don’t have to worry about cyclopentasiloxane “trapping” or “congesting” skin (as is also true for other silicones).

The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning this siloxane doesn’t suffocate skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane also shows up in hair care formulas (particularly conditioners and hair serums) where it lends a softening + smoothing feel and makes hair remarkably shiny.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a common ingredient in skincare and body care products, used to improve the texture of formulations, helping products to glide on smoothly and evenly.
Cyclopentasiloxane also has the added benefit of acting as a protective barrier to the skin, protecting the skin from moisture loss, allergens, and bacteria.
Cyclopentasiloxane, also known as D5 and D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
The chemical formula for Cyclopentasiloxane is C10H30O5Si5.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a clear liquid a silicone derivative as an artificial conditioner, delivery agent, lubricant and solvent.

Cyclopentasiloxane is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.
Cyclopentasiloxane is cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone of one silicon and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in cosmetic and personal products as a skin emollient.

Cyclopentasiloxane Chemical Properties
Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Fp: 162 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.959
color: Colorless
explosive limit: 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 541-02-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane(541-02-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Cyclopentasiloxane (541-02-6)

Uses
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
Cyclopentasiloxane is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclopentasiloxane are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.

Cyclopentasiloxane helps to produce a smooth, silky formulation that allows the product to spread evenly over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane prevents the product from catching on dry skin patches and even skin tone by gliding over pores and wrinkles.
Cyclopentasiloxane ensures that all areas of the skin are receiving the key ingredients in your product.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a multifunctional ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations.
The main benefit is that it helps to improve the texture and sensory feel of the product on the skin.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane also has many other added benefits.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile substance – like all cyclomethicones.
This allows Cyclopentasiloxane to gradually evaporate from the skin, leaving behind the product’s key ingredients without the heaviness of other silicone-based ingredients.

The compound is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclopentasiloxane is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclopentasiloxane is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclopentasiloxane is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclopentasiloxane in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Production and polymerization
Cyclopentasiloxane is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including Cyclopentasiloxane can be removed by distillation.
In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:

[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
where n is a positive integer.
D4 and Cyclopentasiloxane are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH.

Synonyms
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
541-02-6
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
Cyclomethicone 5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
NUC silicone VS 7158
Dow corning 345
Silicon SF 1202
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Ciclopentasiloxane
Cyclomethicone D5
KF 995
VS 7158
CCRIS 1328
HSDB 5683
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech]
EINECS 208-764-9
UNII-0THT5PCI0R
0THT5PCI0R
SF 1202
BRN 1800166
C10H30O5Si5
DTXSID1027184
D5
EC 208-764-9
4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-
MFCD00046966
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane
D5-sil
Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane
decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane
D5 Cyclomethicone
dimethylcyclopentasiloxane
Decamethylcylopentasiloxane
JEESILC CPS-211
SCHEMBL28497
N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane
XIAMETER PMX-0245
DTXCID907184
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5)
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
CHEMBL1885178
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI]
D5 (Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane)
CHEBI:191092
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%
XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
C10-H30-O5-Si5
CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS]
CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD]
BCP15826
Tox21_303170
CD3770
KF-995
AKOS008901199
CS-O-01236
CS-W009767
DB11244
DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI]
NCGC00163981-01
NCGC00257224-01
OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5)
AS-59731
CAS-541-02-6
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB]
LS-58254
KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5
D1890
D3770
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer)
FT-0665531
D78203
S05475
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard
Q414350
Ciclopentasiloxano, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decametil-
decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane #
D5 Cyclomethicone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
Cyclopentasiloxane is what’s known as a volatile silicone (in chemistry, “volatile” simply means it evaporates easily at room temperature).
Cyclopentasiloxane is a high molecular weight, hydrophobic silicone fluid with a low vapor pressure.
Cyclopentasiloxane has a high resistance to hydrolysis by water and acids.


CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9
Chemical Formula: [(CH3)2SiO]5


Cyclopentasiloxane is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclopentasiloxane is classified as a cyclomethicone.


Cyclopentasiloxane is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclopentasiloxane evaporates quickly away from it.


This property makes Cyclopentasiloxane a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Cyclopentasiloxane also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows Cyclopentasiloxane to spread more easily.


Cyclopentasiloxane sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a high molecular weight, hydrophobic silicone fluid with a low vapor pressure.
Cyclopentasiloxane has a high resistance to hydrolysis by water and acids.


Cyclopentasiloxane may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone
Cyclopentasiloxane’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
Cyclopentasiloxane (cyclomethicone) is a silicon-based cyclic compound.


As if the name Cyclopentasiloxane wasn't hard enough to say, we should point out that it's also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
But no need to stress—you can keep Cyclopentasiloxane simple and call it D5, its other commonly used name, for short.
Cyclopentasiloxane functions primarily as an emollient, comes in a colorless and odorless liquid form, and is found in a vast array of beauty products from skincare to haircare.


Cyclopentasiloxane is an ingredient used in cosmetics and many other products.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a silicone.
Also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5, thankfully, Cyclopentasiloxane’s often referred to as simply, D5.


Cyclopentasiloxane’s colourless, odourless and is always found in liquid form.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a common ingredient in skincare and body care products, used to improve the texture of formulations, helping products to glide on smoothly and evenly.


Cyclopentasiloxane also has the added benefit of acting as a protective barrier to the skin, protecting the skin from moisture loss, allergens, and bacteria.
Cyclopentasiloxane is part of a family of small silicones called cyclomethicones.


Cyclomethicones are clear, odorless liquids utilized in skincare products to give your skincare a smooth texture that allows the product’s key ingredients to be delivered evenly to the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is one of the most common ingredients used in personal care products today.


Synthetically manufactured, Cyclopentasiloxane is a silicone derivative that carries a variety of skin and hair applications, such as hair spray and sunscreens.
With a broader focus on uses in styling, Cyclopentasiloxane is finding more and more popularity in hair care products, and those where a microscopic protective layer may benefit the skin.


Cyclomethicones are sometimes also called cyclosiloxanes; they are different names for the same class of chemicals.
The two most commonly used cyclomethicones are cyclopentasiloxane and Cyclopentasiloxane; you may have seen these ingredients somewhere near the bottom of your product’s ingredients list.


Cyclopentasiloxane has a ring-shaped structure that makes it more volatile or less stable.
This instability allows Cyclopentasiloxane to evaporate when applied to your skin—making it an excellent ingredient for products that need to go on smoothly but not remain sticky after application.


As all the Cyclopentasiloxane eventually evaporates from the surface of the skin, it leaves behind the other key components in the product to work their magic.
This action of evaporation makes Cyclopentasiloxane an excellent carrier ingredient.
Cyclopentasiloxane appears in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.


Cyclopentasiloxane is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and watery.
Cyclopentasiloxane is not absorbed through the skin but evaporates quickly.
This property makes Cyclopentasiloxane a useful ingredient in many quick-drying cosmetics such as antiperspirants and hair sprays.


Cyclopentasiloxane also has lubricating properties.
This provides a smooth and silky feel when applied to skin and hair, and makes the product easier to spread.
Cyclopentasiloxane works as an emollient, lubricant, and solvent and gives cosmetic and skin care products a very silky texture.


Cyclopentasiloxane also seals in hydration and dissolves heavier ingredients.
Due to these properties, anyone looking to soften their skin with a lightweight product can use this compound.
Cyclopentasiloxane can be found in various skin and hair care products and is considered safe to use.


One of the main advantages of Cyclopentasiloxane is that it aids in the drying and spreading of skin and hair products while also providing a smooth feel to your skin and hair without weighing them down.
According to research, Cyclopentasiloxane is not absorbed into the skin at high enough levels to cause harm, so there is no need to worry about it messing with your hormones.


Though the use of Cyclopentasiloxane in skin care has been the subject of some debate, scientists believe that it is safe for topical use.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a type of silicone commonly used in cosmetics.
Cyclopentasiloxane is categorized as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.


Instead, it means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with Cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
It also means you don’t have to worry about Cyclopentasiloxane “trapping” or “congesting” skin (as is also true for other silicones).


The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning Cyclopentasiloxane doesn’t suffocate skin.
While Cyclopentasiloxane is typically the name that you’ll see on a product’s ingredient list, it also goes by cyclomethicone D5 or just D5 in research literature.


According to the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel’s assessment (as reported in 2011), Cyclopentasiloxane can safely be used in up to 93% in personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane does not pose a health risk to skin as used in cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane is essentially a silicon-based compound that is a part of a larger category known as cyclomethicone.


Cyclopentasiloxane is sometimes also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a colorless, odorless liquid with a low viscosity.
Cyclopentasiloxane is actually a type of silicone that’s regularly used in skincare and haircare products.


It is specifically part of a small silicone group: cyclomethicones.
According to clinical studies and reports, cyclomethicones have been deemed safe for cosmetic ingredient uses as they are not significantly absorbed through the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane, a synthetic substance, is made up of silicone and oxygen.


Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile polydimethyl cyclosiloxanes, mainly by decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane composition.
Cyclopentasiloxane is clear, odorless, basically odorless, non-greasy.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile silicone also known as Silicone D5.


Cyclopentasiloxane does not accumulate on the hair or the skin and allows consumers to benefit from the advantage of this family without its drawbacks: soft feel, non-greasy and lubricating properties.
Nevertheless, Cyclopentasiloxane has been closely monitored for several years and its release into the wild remains a concern.


Cyclopentasiloxane is classified as vPvB (very persistent and very bioaccumulation).
Cyclopentasiloxane is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
The chemical formula for Cyclopentasiloxane is C10H30O5Si5.


Cyclopentasiloxane is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile polydimethyl cyclosiloxanes, mainly by decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane composition.
Cyclopentasiloxane is clear, odorless, basically odorless, non-greasy.


Cyclopentasiloxane is an ingredient found in hundreds of personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane improves the texture of formulations, giving them a smooth and silky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane, also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5, is part of the cyclomethicone family of silicones.


Cyclopentasiloxane is a clear, odorless, thin liquid that a person may find in many skincare and cosmetic products.
Although it offers minimal benefits to the skin, manufacturers add cyclopentasiloxane to a vast range of products to improve their feel, delivery, and function.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Cyclopentasiloxane is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.
Cyclopentasiloxane is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.


Silicones are also known to repel water and glide easily.
This is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.
They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.


This can help you detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.
Cyclopentasiloxane can be found in a wide range of personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used hair spray, sunscreen, antiperspirant, deodorant, hair conditioner, shampoo, hair detangling products, waterproof mascara, foundation, eyeliner, concealer, moisturizer with SPF, eye shadow hairstyling gel and lotion lipstick.


We use Cyclopentasiloxane in C+C Serum as part of the water-free base that spreads evenly over the skin and then evaporates away, leaving behind just the active antioxidants.
Cyclopentasiloxane (say that five times fast) is a commonly used silicone - that gives hair a silky feel, and guards your hair from moisture getting in and causing frizz.


It’s big claim to fame is that Cyclopentasiloxane’s lightweight and is absorbed into the hair quickly, but washes out just as fast.
Often used in conditioners, Cyclopentasiloxane can be applied in your hair before using a wet brush to allow you to detangle without catching any knots.
Unlike heavier silicone products, Cyclopentasiloxane is neutrally charged and does not bind to hair.


Regularly paired with dimethicone, Cyclopentasiloxane is also a high performing ingredient because it has the ability to smooth out heavier silicones that would otherwise be hard to distribute.
We love Cyclopentasiloxane because it prevents damage by locking moisture in and keeping water out.


Cyclopentasiloxane is used as a reactive diluent in the synthesis of compounds that have an unsaturated bond.
Cyclopentasiloxane can also be used as a film-forming polymer in cosmetics and personal care products, such as hair sprays, body lotions, and antiperspirants.


Cyclopentasiloxane is used in the synthesis of butanediol, which is then converted into other materials like polyester or polysiloxanes.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.


It is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as Cyclopentasiloxane makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclopentasiloxane is also used as part of silicone based personal lubricants.
Cyclopentasiloxane is considered an emollient.


Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclopentasiloxane is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.


Cyclopentasiloxane is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclopentasiloxane is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.


Atmospheric emissions of Cyclopentasiloxane in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Cyclopentasiloxane’s also used as a sealant to protect the skin against moisture loss and as a lubricant as it helps the skin and hair absorb heavier, larger molecular weight ingredients.


Plus Cyclopentasiloxane gives products a silky, smooth feel that then have a nice feel to the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane is one such silicone also used in hair or skin care products.
In fact, Cyclopentasiloxane is used in wash-off cosmetics and is used in personal care products today across many beauty brands.


According to a Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Panel report, the most common uses of Cyclopentasiloxane include: Bath Products, Eye makeup including eye shadows, mascaras, eye makeup removers, Colognes and toilet waters, Hair Conditioners, Hair Colors (check out the Permanent Hair Color Rating List e-book for colors that don’t have it), Lipsticks, Foundations, Deodorants, Skin Cleansing Creams, Body Lotions, Hand Lotions, Moisturizers, and Suntan products.


Cyclopentasiloxane is widely used in cosmetics and body care products
Cyclopentasiloxane has good compatibility with most alcohols and other cosmetic solvents.
Cyclopentasiloxane is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.


Cyclopentasiloxane is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclopentasiloxane also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane also shows up in hair care formulas (particularly conditioners and hair serums) where it lends a softening + smoothing feel and makes hair remarkably shiny.


Cyclopentasiloxane gives a very silky and slippery feel when applied to the skin and hair and is mainly used in products such as antiperspirants, hair conditioners, sunblocks, and other skincare products.
The key function of Cyclopentasiloxane is to work as an emollient.


Cyclopentasiloxane is available in liquid form, and it is mainly used as a skin and hair conditioning agent.
Cyclopentasiloxane’s also commonly used in things like sealants, sunscreen, windshield coatings, medical implants, and antiperspirants.
Hair spray, sunscreen, antiperspirant, deodorant, mascara, foundation, and makeup – these are some of the products that use cyclopentasiloxane, aka D5.


Cyclopentasiloxane helps create that soft, silky, and moist feeling on your hair or skin.
Sometimes, elements like hydrogen and carbon are also used.
They are all natural substances, but Cyclopentasiloxane undergoes chemical processing before it is used in cosmetic and skincare products.


Cyclopentasiloxane widely used in cosmetics and body care products, Such as skin care, sunscreen,makeup, hair conditioning products, good compatibility with most of the alcohol and other cosmetic solvents.
Cyclopentasiloxane is directly used as the carrier, the main raw material, also can be used as an additive.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in aqueous systems by the method of Emulsification.


Cyclopentasiloxane gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.


-Application of Cyclopentasiloxane:
• Cyclopentasiloxane is a base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading, easy rubout and lubrication properties together with unique volatility characteristics.
• Cyclopentasiloxane is used Antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions and stick products, bath oils, suntan and shaving products, make-up, nail polishes.
• In sticks, Cyclopentasiloxane has the right balance between volatility and spreading.


-Cosmetic use of Cyclopentasiloxane:
Cyclopentasiloxane can be frustrating to decipher the long chemical names on the label of your favorite cosmetic products.
Simple ingredients like water and alcohol are easy to recognize.
But lengthy chemical names can leave even the most conscious consumers scratching their heads.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in hundreds of cosmetics.
In the past, there was controversy about Cyclopentasiloxane's potential health and environmental risks.
But the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel considers Cyclopentasiloxane safe to use in cosmetics.


-Application of Cyclopentasiloxane:
• A base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading, easy rubout, and lubrication properties together with unique volatility characteristics.
• Antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions and stick products, bath oils, suntan and shaving products, make-up, nail polishes.
• In sticks, Cyclopentasiloxane has the right balance between volatility and spreading.


-Face illustration:
This colorless, odorless compound is mainly used as an emollient to help smooth out beauty product creams and gels.
It can also create a protective barrier on your skin once applied, which may help keep your skin safe from toxins, bacteria, germs, pollution, and other yuckiness.



WHAT ARE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE'S BENEFITS?
Cyclopentasiloxane offers minimal benefits to the skin.
Companies primarily add Cyclopentasiloxane to skincare products to improve their sensory feel and texture.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane has other properties that boost the effectiveness of formulations.

Lightweight carrier:
Cyclopentasiloxane is an effective carrier, or solvent, due to its ability to evaporate quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to evenly coat the skin with active ingredients without leaving a heavy, sticky, or tacky residue after application.
Cyclopentasiloxane leaves the active ingredients to work from the skin’s surface as they evaporate.

Forms a protective barrier:
Cyclopentasiloxane also acts as an emollient that adds a protective barrier to the skin.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane evaporates quickly and does not stay on the skin surface, so it does not leave a sticky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane leaves a protective yet breathable layer on the skin.

Facilitates a smooth application and delivery:
Cyclopentasiloxane helps make formulations feel smooth and silky for a smooth and easy application.
Cyclopentasiloxane allows products to spread evenly over the skin so that all areas of the skin receive key ingredients from a product.

Improves the appearance of scars:
Many silicone gel preparations use Cyclopentasiloxane as a carrier to deliver other silicone ingredients to the skin.

Inexpensive:
Cyclopentasiloxane is generally less costly than other silicone ingredients.
Therefore, a person may find that products containing Cyclopentasiloxane are more affordable.



FUNCTIONS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
*Emollient:
Softens and softens the skin
*Hair conditioner:
Leaves hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine
*Skin conditioning agent:
Keeps the skin in good condition
*Solvent:
Dissolves other substances



ADVANTAGES OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
• Volatile carrier
• Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients
• Low surface tension
• Imparts soft silky feel to the skin
• Excellent spreading
• Leaves no oily residue or build up
• Detackification
• Non-greasy



HOW TO USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Cyclopentasiloxane is compatible with many cosmetic ingredients, even some waxes, fatty acids, fatty acid esters and non volatile silicones.
Cyclopentasiloxane features good solubility in most anhydrous alcohols and in many cosmetic solvents.
1. Anti-perspirants, deodorant: 3-10%;
2. Hair Care: 1-5%;
3. Skin Care: 3-10%;
4. Perfume: 0.5-3%.



WHAT IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE USED FOR?
Because of its many enriching properties, Cyclopentasiloxane silicone is a common ingredient used in a variety of hair and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane helps the products spread more evenly and dry quickly, thus providing all the benefits without weighing the skin or hair down.
Cyclopentasiloxane also gives cosmetic products a silky texture.

*Skin care:
The hydrating properties of Cyclopentasiloxane are great for the skin as it traps moisture, making the skin smooth and soft.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in lightweight products as it does not penetrate the skin but rather evaporates quickly.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane skin care has anti-aging properties and is a great ingredient to be used in lotions

*Hair care:
Cyclopentasiloxane is a great conditioner for hair because of its lubricating properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane is commonly used in shampoos, hair conditioners, hair sprays, anti-frizz, and hair detangling products.
Cyclopentasiloxane forms a layer on the hair, protecting and preventing it from damage while also allowing the product to spread easily and evenly

*Cosmetic products:
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in makeup and makeup removers because it is non-comedogenic and does not block pores



BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Although Cyclopentasiloxane has minimal benefits specific to the skin, it does have notable sensory properties and also helps in how the product functions.

*Spreads easily:
Silicones are known for their slippery glide and smooth feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane gives products a silky smooth texture that applies easily and leaves a non-greasy finish.

*Is inexpensive:
Because Cyclopentasiloxane is cheaper than other similar silicones, your products that contain it will also be more affordable as a result.

*Evaporates quickly:
Cyclopentasiloxane is volatile, so it's often included in product formulations because it allows the products to dry faster.

*Is lightweight:
Some silicones are heavy, but this one is particularly lightweight and used when a lighter feel is desired.
This trait is especially helpful in haircare products so as not to weigh down the hair strands.

*Disperses heavier ingredients:
Cyclopentasiloxane works well when combined with heavier oils or silicones because it makes them easier to spread and provides a nice feel to the skin.

*Seals hydration:
Cyclopentasiloxane forms a seal or barrier on the skin.
This barrier protects against transepidermal water loss (TEWL), which can lead to inflammatory conditions.
Cyclopentasiloxane may also work similarly when used on the hair by coating the hair shaft.
The molecular structure of silicones (large molecules with wide spaces between each molecule) means that the barrier they form is permeable, preventing the skin from "suffocating".



WHAT DOES CYCLOPENTASILOXANE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emollient
*Hair conditioning
*Skin conditioning



WHAT DO PEOPLE USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE FOR?
The primary function of Cyclopentasiloxane is to work as an emollient.
Cyclopentasiloxane can also give products a silky feel, which allows them to glide smoothly and deliver any active ingredients to the body evenly.
Manufacturers also use Cyclopentasiloxane as a solvent to help deliver active ingredients in a product to the skin or hair.

However, unlike other silicones, Cyclopentasiloxane is volatile, which means that it quickly evaporates and dries when applied to the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane forms a protective barrier on the skin and hair, which is why many companies use it in antifrizz and detangling products.
Cyclopentasiloxane is also water-resistant.

This is why companies commonly use Cyclopentasiloxane in sealants and windshield coatings.
A person may find Cyclopentasiloxane in a wide range of personal care and cosmetic products, such as: sunscreen, antiperspirant, deodorant, hair spray, shampoo, conditioner, antifrizz products, anti-hair-breakage products, hair-detangling products, pomade, makeup, makeup remover, and night cream



TYPE OF INGREDIENT:
Emollient, lubricant, and solvent

MAIN BENEFITS:
Cyclopentasiloxane gives products a silky texture, seals hydration, and dissolves heavier ingredients

WHO SHOULD USE IT:
In general, anyone looking to soften their skin with a lightweight product

HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE IT:
Cyclopentasiloxane is safe to use on a daily basis.

WORKS WELL WITH:
Cyclopentasiloxane works well when combined with heavier oils or silicones because it makes them easier to spread on the skin.

DON'T USE WITH:
Cyclopentasiloxane works well with most, if not, all other ingredients.



HERE ARE A FEW POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF PRODUCTS CONTAINING CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Seals hydration.
When used on hair, Cyclopentasiloxane coats the hair shaft and guards against water loss.
Cyclopentasiloxane works similarly on the skin by creating a barrier that locks in moisture.
Cyclopentasiloxane evaporates quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane is often used in cosmetics and health and beauty products that require faster drying times (think deodorants, sunscreens, and moisturizers).
Cyclopentasiloxane spreads easily.
Like other types of silicones, Cyclopentasiloxane in cosmetics applies and spreads easily, leaving a silky smooth texture and a non-greasy finish.
Cyclopentasiloxane has a lightweight feel.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE IN SKINCARE?
When applied, Cyclopentasiloxane has a silky and slippery texture that creates a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane in hair products may help prevent breakage, detangle, and reduce frizz.



CYCLOPENTASILOXANE AT A GLANCE:
*Cyclopentasiloxane enhances the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product
*Cyclopentasiloxane promotes even distribution other ingredients in a formula
*Cyclopentasiloxane quickly evaporates from skin’s surface without leaving a heavy feel
*Popular in a wide range of skin and hair care products
*Also functions as a solvent to dissolve and deliver ingredients to skin



HOW TO USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
If you use a moisturizer containing Cyclopentasiloxane, it is recommended to apply it after your toner and serum as it helps seal these products underneath and improve their absorption.



HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE?
Although Cyclopentasiloxane is completely safe for daily use, the amount and frequency that you should use largely depend upon the product in question.



WHAT DOES CYCLOPENTASILOXANE WORK WELL WITH?
Typically, Cyclopentasiloxane works well when combined with heavier oils or silicones because of the simple reason that it makes them easier to spread on the skin.



WHAT NOT TO USE WITH CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Cyclopentasiloxane works well with most skincare ingredients, so there is nothing that you cannot use it with.



BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE UNVEILED:
Rediscover the benefits of Cyclopentasiloxane in hair and skin care to unlock the power of this remarkable ingredient.
From enhancing skin hydration to giving your skin a smooth and silky texture, Cyclopentasiloxane has become a go-to ingredient for many skincare enthusiasts.
Take a look at the infographic below for a recap on Cyclopentasiloxane's top benefits.



WHAT IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE IN SKIN CARE?
Cyclopentasiloxane or D5 is used in a wide variety of cosmetic products as it is known to evaporate and dry faster.
Further, silicones and silicon-based products also repel water and glide easily.
This is the reason why they are commonly used as ingredients in various cosmetics, lubricants, and sealants.
In beauty products, Cyclopentasiloxane is primarily used as a lubricant, solvent, and delivery agent, as it gives a very silky and slippery feeling when applied to the skin and hair.

Apart from the above properties, Cyclopentasiloxane is also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair, which can help you detangle your hair, reduce frizz, and prevent hair breakage.
Due to these reasons, Cyclopentasiloxane can be found in a wide variety of skin care, cosmetic, and personal care products.
Some of these include sunscreen, antiperspirant, deodorant, hair spray, shampoos, and hair conditioners.



EFFECT OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE IN COSMETICS:
Cyclopentasiloxane is known for its ability to evaporate and dry quickly.
Silicones also provide hydration and evaporate quickly.
This is the reason brands often use Cyclopentasiloxane as an ingredient in lubricants and sealants.
Cyclopentasiloxane also has the ability to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Using a hair care product containing Cyclopentasiloxane will help you untangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.
Cyclopentasiloxane can be found in a wide range of personal care products such as: hairspray, sunscreen, antiperspirant, deodorant, conditioner, shampoo, waterproof mascara, eyeliner , concealer, moisturizer with SPF, styling gel and lotion,
Cyclopentasiloxane lipstick may appear on product labels as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.



CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
*THE GOOD:
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to improve the texture of products, giving them a silky feel.
They also help to deliver key ingredients to the skin and protect the skin from moisture loss.

*THE NOT-SO-GOOD:
Often will need to be combined with heavier silicones to help improve the thickness and spreadability of Cyclopentasiloxane.

*SYNERGETIC INGREDIENTS:
Cyclopentasiloxane works well with most ingredients.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE?
Cyclopentasiloxane is a multifunctional ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations.
The main benefit is that Cyclopentasiloxane helps to improve the texture and sensory feel of the product on the skin.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane also has many other added benefits.

Texture:
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to produce a smooth, silky formulation that allows the product to spread evenly over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane prevents the product from catching on dry skin patches and even skin tone by gliding over pores and wrinkles.
Cyclopentasiloxane ensures that all areas of the skin are receiving the key ingredients in your product.

Lightweight:
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile substance – like all cyclomethicones.
This allows Cyclopentasiloxane to gradually evaporate from the skin, leaving behind the product’s key ingredients without the heaviness of other silicone-based ingredients.

Inexpensive:
One of the most significant benefits of Cyclopentasiloxane is that it is an inexpensive ingredient for formulators.
For example, Cyclopentasiloxane may be used as a cheap alternative to organic ingredients like vegetable glycerin, and its concentrations in skincare items can be more easily varied because it is synthetically manufactured.

Synthetic ingredients often have a bad reputation in the skincare world as they are considered not natural.
This is a bit of a misunderstanding; artificial ingredients are usually safer than their plant or animal-derived counterparts as they contain fewer impurities.
They are also better for the environment as they don’t need to be sourced from a natural resource.



BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE IN SKIN CARE:
The benefits of Cyclopentasiloxane specifically on the skin are minimal, but it possesses noteworthy sensory properties and also helps in how a specific product functions.
Some of these benefits include:

1. Lightweight In Nature:
While some silicones are heavy, Cyclopentasiloxane is particularly lightweight and used in skin care or hair care products when a lighter feel is desired.
This feature is especially helpful in hair care products to ensure that the hair strands are not weighed down.

2. Spreads Easily:
Silicones are well known for their smooth texture and slippery glide.
Due to this trait, Cyclopentasiloxane gives skin care products a very smooth and silky texture that applies easily and leaves a non-sticky, non-greasy finish.

3. Seals In Hydration:
Another benefit of Cyclopentasiloxane is that it forms a seal or barrier on the skin that helps protect it against transepidermal water loss (TEWLi ), which can lead to inflammatory conditions.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane also works similarly when used on the hair by coating the hair shaft.

4. Inexpensive:
One of the other significant benefits of Cyclopentasiloxane is that it is an inexpensive ingredient for most formulators.
For instance, Cyclopentasiloxane may be used as an inexpensive alternative to organic ingredients, and its concentrations in skin care products can be easily varied because it is synthetically manufactured.

5. Evaporates Faster:
Since Cyclopentasiloxane is volatile and allows the products to dry faster, it is often included in skincare product formulations.
Cyclopentasiloxane also helps produce a smooth, silky formula that allows the cosmetic or product to spread evenly over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane prevents the skin care product from catching on dry skin patches and even out the skin tone by gliding over wrinkles and pores.
Cyclopentasiloxane also ensures that all areas of the skin are receiving the key ingredients in the anti-aging product, which may help in fine line and wrinkle reduction.

6. Easily Disperses Heavier Ingredients:
Cyclopentasiloxane works very well when combined with heavier oils or silicones since it makes them much easier to spread and offers a smooth feel to the skin.

7. Scarring:
Cyclopentasiloxane has also been suggested to improve the overall appearance of scars when used in conjunction with other similar silicone ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane is known to enhance the appearance of superficial and keloid scars, as per research.
While the research has not been particularly conducted on Cyclopentasiloxane, it is related to the broader subgroup of silicones.
Moreover, many silicone gel preparations contain cyclopentasiloxane or cyclopentasiloxane, which is widely used as a volatile element to deliver the other silicone ingredients to the skin.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE IN SKIN CARE?
Cyclopentasiloxane has many benefits.
Since Cyclopentasiloxane makes products spread easily, it’s added to moisturisers and foundations to help them glide onto the skin without pulling it.
Cyclopentasiloxane’s also a very lightweight type of silicone, allowing it to feel effortless on the skin.
When added to heavier weight foundations and products with heavier oils, Cyclopentasiloxane helps to disperse them across the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane’s also used in spray products that need to dry quickly, such as hair spray and spray on deodorants and antiperspirants.
This is because Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile compound, meaning that it quickly evaporates into the air, leaving behind the active ingredients.
What’s more, Cyclopentasiloxane is an ingredient that's also very cheap to use and add to product formulations...



IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE THE SAME AS SILICONES USED IN HAIRCARE PRODUCTS?
You may be aware of the use of silicones in hair care products.
They help to seal in moisture by forming a protective barrier over the hair shaft.
You might have also heard of certain big brand name shampoos and conditioners containing silicone, that coat the hair.
This has the benefit of making the hair feel soft and shiny.

But Cyclopentasiloxane also has the unwanted side effect of pushing water away from the hair.
This then means that the hair becomes dehydrated and we all know what that means - dry, brittle hair that’s prone to breaking and turning frizzy.
So in order to prevent this dryness and frizziness, we should steer well clear of the products that promise to do the opposite, but in fact, cause the dryness and frizziness! (A classic case of short term gains - glossiness - leading to long term disadvantages - dryness.)



WHAT DOES CYCLOPENTASILOXANE DO FOR SKIN?
Cyclopentasiloxane helps to provide a protective barrier on the skin. Cyclopentasiloxane doesn't get absorbed into the skin.
Instead, Cyclopentasiloxane eventually evaporates away when applied to the skin or hair, simply acting to deliver the active ingredients.



WHAT OTHER PRODUCTS IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE USED IN?
Silicones such as Cyclopentasiloxane are often used in cosmetic products and skin care but they're pretty ubiquitous in all personal care products.
They help to protect the skin from moisture loss and add a protective barrier to the skin.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane is also found in waterproof mascara, lipsticks, eyeshadows, products designed to detangle the hair and sunscreens.

Cyclopentasiloxane is a cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane commonly known as D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a member of the family of ingredients which also include cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclohexasiloxane (D6), and cyclomethicone, which is a mixture of the individual chain-length cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane compounds from D4 to D6.



WHY IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE USED IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in cosmetics and personal care products for its excellent skin conditioning and hair conditioning properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane is also used as a solvent when rapid evaporation of the solvent is desired, in products like deodorants and antiperspirants that coat the skin but do not remain tacky after application.
Cyclopentasiloxane also facilitates a smooth texture and an even application in products, including sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, moisturizers, lotions, etc.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS:
The cyclomethicone family of ingredients creates many positive qualities associated with personal care products: luxuriant texture, silky smoothness, luster and smooth applications.
These ingredients help make personal care products non-stinging and non-irritating.
For example, cyclomethicones reduce the white residue and tacky feel of antiperspirants in deodorants and help “long-lasting” makeup retain its color and luster. With cyclomethicones, shampoos and conditioners shine better, and sunscreen products obtain stronger SPF.
They also provide smooth and even application of makeup, lotions, sunscreens and cleansers.



FUNCTIONS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*HAIR CONDITIONING
Leaves the hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and / or imparts volume
*SKIN CONDITIONING
Maintains the skin in good condition
*SKIN CONDITIONING - EMOLLIENT
Softens and smoothens the skin
*SOLVENT
Dissolves other substances



WHAT TYPE OF INGREDIENT IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE?
To begin with, its full chemical name is decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, or cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane.
Commonly known as D5, Cyclopentasiloxane is an odorless and colorless liquid, also used in dry cleaning.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane belongs to the group of cyclic silicones which are not to be confused with linear silicones, such as dimethicone, because their safety differs drastically.



IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE A BAD SILICONE?
The answer to this question depends on your definition of “bad.”
On the one hand, cyclopentasiloxane in skin care does not seem to irritate, clog pores, or cause allergic reactions or sensitization.
Therefore, in this sense, it is not bad.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
Melting point : -44°C
Boiling point: 210 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Density : 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Appearance: Colorless to transparent liquid
Specific gravity at 25°C (77°F) : 0.95
Chroma, Hazen: <10
Viscosity 25 ℃, mm2 / s: 3.8-4.2
Refractive index at 25°C (77°F) : 1.397
Flash point (closed cup), ℃: 80
Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4) content, %: < 0.1
Cyclopentasiloxane(D5) content, %: ≥ 99.0
Soluble: ethyl, butyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol.
Flash point: 76°C
HS Code: 29310095
Log P: 3.59200
MDL: MFCD00046966
PSA: 46.15
Refractive Index: 1.396
Risk Statements: R36/37/38
RTECS: GY5945200
Safety Statements: S23-S24/25

Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Merck : 14,2848
Molecular Weight: 370.77
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Boiling Point: 101 °C
Melting Point: -44ºC
Flash Point: 162 °F
Purity: >99.0%(GC)
Density: 0.958
Solubility: Insoluble in water.
Appearance: Liquid
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Chemical formula: [(CH3)2SiO]5
Molar mass: 370.770 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Density: 0.958 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C; −53 °F; 226 K
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Solubility in water: 17.03±0.72 ppb (23 °C)

log P: 8.07
Vapor pressure: 20.4±1.1 Pa (25 °C)
Viscosity: 3.74 cP
CAS Database: 541-02-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: -38 °C at 1.013 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 90 °C at 13 hPa - lit., 210 °C at 1.013 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 73 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 645,15 K
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: < 0,00001 g/l at 23 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 8,023 at 25,3 °C

Vapor pressure: 0,3 hPa at 25 °C, 41 hPa at 110,6 °C
Density: 0,958 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: 0,96 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: Colorless to transparent liquid
Specific gravity at 25°C (77°F) : 0.95
Chroma, Hazen: <10
Viscosity 25 ℃, mm2 / s: 3.8-4.2
Refractive index at 25°C (77°F) : 1.397
Flash point (closed cup), ℃: 80
Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4) content, %: < 0.1
Cyclopentasiloxane(D5) content, %: ≥ 99.0
Soluble: ethyl, butyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol.



FIRST AID MEASURES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Cyclopentasiloxane
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
D5 Silicone
D5 Siloxane
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
DecaMethylcyclopentasiloxane
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
D5 Cyclomethicone
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
CD3770
D3770
Decamethylcylopentasiloxane
Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Cyclopentamethicone
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
D5
D5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane



CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE)
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a volatile carrier, compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, and has low surface tension.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a drier finish than Dimethicone.


CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9
Chemical Formula: [(CH3)2SiO]5



SYNONYMS:
Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, D5 Silicone, D5 Siloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, DecaMethylcyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, CD3770, D3770, Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentamethicone, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, D5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopolydimethylsiloxane, Dimethylcyclopolysiloxane, Polydimethyl siloxy cyclics, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, 541-02-6, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Cyclomethicone 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, Dow corning 345, NUC silicone VS 7158, Silicon SF 1202, Ciclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone D5, D5-sil, KF 995, CCRIS 1328, VS 7158, HSDB 5683, UNII-0THT5PCI0R, 0THT5PCI0R, EINECS 208-764-9, SF 1202, BRN 1800166, DTXSID1027184, JEESILC CPS-211, XIAMETER PMX-0245, DTXCID907184, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), D5, EC 208-764-91, 4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), KF-995, DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS), CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS], MFCD00046966, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech], Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, C10H30O5Si5, Lightening Serum, D5 Cyclomethicone, dimethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, UNII: 0THT5PCI0R, SCHEMBL28497, N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane, CHEMBL1885178, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], 3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA, CHEBI:191092, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], BCP15826, Tox21_303170, CD3770, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL, AKOS008901199, CS-W009767, DB11244, HY-W009051, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], NCGC00163981-01, NCGC00257224-01, AS-59731, CAS-541-02-6, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], D1890, D3770, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer), NS00043162, D78203, S05475, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard, Q414350, decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane #, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentamethicone, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, D5, D5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-DECAMETHYL-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-PENTOXAPENTASILOXANE, CYCLOMETHICONE, 5, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP - RS], CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL-, D5, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], LCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, DOW CORNING UP-1002 ULTRA PURE FLUID, JEESILC CPS -211, KF-995, KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), XIAMETER PMX-0245, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl-, Cyclopentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone5, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxan, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane,



Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an ultra-light volatile silicone ingredient.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a generic/broad term for one or more cyclic siloxanes, primarily cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclopentasiloxane (D5), and cyclohexasiloxane (D6). Learn more here.


There are other cyclic siloxanes (D3–D7) but D4, D5, and D6 are the primary ones for cosmetic use.
Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) (D5), and cyclohexasiloxane (D6) are sold as isolated ingredients, but I’ve only ever found cyclopentasiloxane (D5) available to homecrafters.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a clear, colorless, volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.
If you check product datasheets you might find out that the “Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)” you’re looking at is almost entirely cyclopentasiloxane (D5).


For example, this datasheet for the Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is 99–100% cyclopentasiloxane (D5), with a small amount of cyclotetrasiloxane (D4).
Cyclomethicones are cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone of one silicon and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a clear, alcohol-free and odorless liquid, added to personal skin care products to give them a smoother texture that is more easily applied to the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.
Cyclomethicones are cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone of one silicon and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a thin clear liquid


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a volatile carrier, compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, and has low surface tension.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) imparts a soft velvety feel to the skin, has excellent spreading, leaves no oily residue or build-up, detackification, and is non-greasy.


Cyclomethicones are cyclic (circular) silicones of low molecular weight that possess a cyclical structure rather than a chain structure (like Dimethicone).
Some cyclic silicones are volatile (they evaporate) while others are not.
Cyclic silicones that are volatile include D4 (Cyclotetrasiloxane), D5 (Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)) and D6 (Cyclohexasiloxane).


This water-like liquid, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), is synthetically manufactured but is derived from naturally occurring oxygen and silicones.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) encompasses within itself the family of cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), also known as D5 or decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is a low viscosity emollient with high spreadability, making it an ideal choice for skincare and haircare products.


Its water-resistance properties allow Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) to provide lasting protection from moisture, leaving skin and hair feeling smooth and moisturized.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane that is composed of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (CAS#541-02-6).


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non-greasy and non-stinging.
In general, the lower the number, the more volatile the cyclic silicone and the faster it evaporates.
Its volatility, excellent spreading and lubrication qualities make Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) an ideal carrier for other ingredients and excellent light conditioners for hair and skin.


Unlike D4 Cyclomethicone (Cyclo-2244), Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a much higher pour point and does not present the freezing concerns that D4 presents.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is also known as cyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H30O5Si5, a colorless liquid widely used in cosmetics and personal care products, compatible with most alcohols and Good compatibility with other cosmetic solvents.


Non-greasy, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) leaves no oily residue or build-up and imparts a soft silky feel to skin.
In the cosmetic industry, cyclic silicones are commonly referred to as Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone).
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a minimum of 96% it and will contain no more than 0.0 - 0.099% (a maximum of 990 parts per million) of D4 Cycloteterasiloxane.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane commonly known as D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a member of the family of ingredients which also include cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclohexasiloxane (D6), and cyclomethicone, which is a mixture of the individual chain-length cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane compounds from D4 to D6.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a clear, colourless, volatile silicone oil.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is not one type of silicone, but a whole mixture of them: it's a mix of specific chain length (4 to 7) cyclic structured silicone molecules.
All the silicones in the Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) mixture are volatile, meaning they evaporate from the skin or hair rather than stay on it.


This means that Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a light skin feel with none-to-minimal after-feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also makes the formulas easy to spread and has nice emollient properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH₃)₂SiO]₅.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is classified as cyclomethicone.
Commercially Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.


Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethyl siloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
The cyclic siloxanes, including Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), can be removed from this mixture by distillation.
In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an ingredient found in hundreds of personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) improves the texture of formulations, giving them a smooth and silky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5, is part of the cyclomethicone family of silicones.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a clear, odorless, thin liquid that a person may find in many skincare and cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.


This water-like liquid, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), is synthetically manufactured but is derived from naturally occurring oxygen and silicones.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) encompasses within itself the family of cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a silicon-based cyclic compound.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a lightweight silicone.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can evaporate quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) evaporates quickly away from it.


This property makes Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also has lubricating properties.


This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows the product to spread more easily.
While Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is typically the name that you’ll see on a product’s ingredient list, it also goes by cyclomethicone D5 or just D5 in research literature.



USES and APPLICATIONS of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
In Cosmetics & Personal Care Dive into the integral role of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in personal care products.
Explore Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)'s multifaceted benefits and widespread applications.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) forms a protective barrier on the skin and hair, which is why many companies use it in antifrizz and detangling products.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is also water-resistant.
This is why companies commonly use Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in sealants and windshield coatings.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is low-molecular weight silicones and are not viscous but very fluid and often used as solvents.


10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in cosmetic and personal products as a skin emollient.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is commonly used as a base fluid in topical formulations because of its volatility, spreading and sensory benefits – namely their smooth, dry and non-greasy feel on the skin.


Linear silicones (e.g. dimethicone) are large high-molecular polymers that are viscous and more oil-like.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is rapidly evaporates without cooling the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) leaves the skin dry, smooth and silky.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is currently used in a range of dermatological treatments and pharmaceutical applications, such as creams and gels, and in medicated treatments for skin and scalp applications.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a volatile siloxane, Ease of spreading, Non-occlusive, Non-greasy, Leave non-oily residue, Imparts soft smooth feel on the skin, Detackifier, Solvent, Non-cooling effect on skin.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used as skin emollient in cosmetic and personal products.
Because molecules of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) are too large to enter human pores, and don’t tend to block the active ingredients from entering the skin, cyclomethicone is a commonly used as a skin emollient ingredient.


Due to their volatility (varying rates of evaporation), low surface tensions (high Spreadability), and non-greasy feel, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used as base fluids, carrying agents and wetting agents in a wide range of personal care products.
Cosmetic applications of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) include: room sprays, body sprays, antiperspirants, skin creams, skin lotions, suntan lotions, bath oils, hair care products etc.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used ideal carrier for makeup, other color cosmetic skin creams, deodorants and stick products without the oily feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) provides excellent stability and aesthetics.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a generic name for several cyclic substances derived from silica (sand is a silica).


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is exempt from Federal VOC regulations (including CARB and OTC) and will not contribute to ozone-depletion and global warming.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is being widely accepted as replacements for non-VOC complaint petroleum-bases solvents as both carrying agents as well as for cleaning solvents.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is especially effective for applications where low to medium solvency power is desireable.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in cosmetic and personal products as a skin emollient.
In addition, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is being used as a Federal VOC Exempt cleaning agent in dry cleaning applications.


Silicones have special fluid properties that provide an excellent balance for slip and silky touch on the skin and impart emollience, and be a water-binding agent that holds up well, even when skin becomes wet.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in hair care applications such as conditioners since it leaves no oily residue or build-up.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) serves to act as a carrying agent for the detergent and will not degrade the fabric or colors of the linens and clothing like other stronger solvents.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, building & construction work and health services.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used for the manufacture of: and textile, leather or fur.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


And Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in skin care applications such as lotions and creams with a typical use level of 1-25%.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a volatile, cyclic (circular) silicone fluid that has a lightning fast dry-time, making it the ideal carrier for fragrances because it instantly evaporates, leaving nothing behind but your chosen scent.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, pharmaceuticals, textile treatment products and dyes and perfumes and fragrances.
Other release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) will reduce the greasy feel of heavy emollients such as Shea Butter, makes an excellent emollient for "oil free" moisturizers, and offers light conditioning as well as improved dry and wet combout in hair care.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can also be used to adjust the viscosity of products to make them thinner or thicker.


Other release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Application of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone): In creams, lotions, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions, stick products, bath oils, shaving products, etc.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is suitable for use in cosmetics to help bring active substances into the skin.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be used to mix hair care products
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is to act as a conditioner on the hair It has a special feature that is not sticky.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) feels silky soft when used on skin or hair.


Release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal) and of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polishes and waxes, cosmetics and personal care products and coating products.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is easy to use and spread, leaves skin and hair feeling soft and slippery, and leaves no residue after evaporation.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can also reduce surface tension and help disperse pigments well.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a volatile silicone used as a carrier base and solvent.


Other release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products, pharmaceuticals, coating products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be used in antiperspirants, deodorants, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions and stick products, bath oils, sun and shaving products, makeup and nail polishes.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in creams, lotions, hair sprays, cleansing creams, skin creams, lotions, stick products, bath oils, shaving products, etc.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, laboratory chemicals, polishes and waxes, cosmetics and personal care products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and building & construction work.


Release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture, as processing aid, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and in the production of articles.


Release to the environment of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is classified as a cyclomethicone and is commonly used in cosmetics such as deodorants, sunscreens, hair sprays, and skin care products.


Although it offers minimal benefits to the skin, manufacturers add Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) to a vast range of products to improve their feel, delivery, and function.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is widely used in cosmetics and body care products, it has good compatibility with most alcohols and other cosmetic solvents.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.


Further, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in hair and skincare products to impart conditioning, emolliency, shine and/or silkiness; to reduce the greasy feel of tanning oils.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) promotes easy spreadability, and leaves a soft, silky smooth feel to the skin.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) evaporates quickly leaving little residue on the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
It also means you don’t have to worry about Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) “trapping” or “congesting” skin (as is also true for other silicones).


The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning this siloxane doesn’t suffocate skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also shows up in hair care formulas (particularly conditioners and hair serums) where it lends a softening + smoothing feel and makes hair remarkably shiny.


According to the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel’s assessment (as reported in 2011), Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can safely be used in up to 93% in personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) does not pose a health risk to skin as used in cosmetic products.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used personal care, Hair care and cosmetics.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be used in concentrations of 1-10% and should be added to the oil phase of a mixture below 50 degrees celsius
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a higher flash point so that you can ship your room sprays or perfumes on an airplane without worry.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is the perfect balance between volatility (quick drying) and spreadability.
We think Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is great for hair treatments, bath oils, creams and lotions, room/linen sprays, and more.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) adds a soft, talc-like feel and is the base for superb dry perfume oils.


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an alcohol-free, clear, colorless, odorless, silicone liquid used as a carrying and wetting agent for personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used personal care, Hair care and cosmetics.


When used as a perfume base, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) quickly evaporates leaving a silky film on the skin.
When used as an additive in skincare formulas, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) improves absorption of oils while providing a non-greasy, silky-soft note to the product.


-A person may find Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in a wide range of personal care and cosmetic products, such as:
*sunscreen
*antiperspirant
*deodorant
*hair spray
*shampoo
*conditioner
*antifrizz products
*anti-hair-breakage products
*hair-detangling products
*pomade
*makeup
*makeup remover
*night cream


-Emollient uses of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) serves as a non-comedogenic emollient for skin care formulations.
The hydrating properties of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) are excellent for the skin as it traps moisture, making the skin smooth and soft.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in lightweight products as it does not penetrate the skin but evaporates quickly.


-Color Protection uses of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can help colored hair last longer, retain its vibrant look, and protect and enhance color and shine.
Rinse-off conditioners containing different types of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can show an increase in color retention for hair that has been colored.


-Heat Protectant uses of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used protecting hair from excessive heat is a need among many consumers.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used hair dryers and other heated appliances first soften the keratin of the hair.

If the devices are too hot, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can cause water in the hair to boil, forming minute bubbles of steam inside the softened hair shaft, weakening the fiber and potentially leading to total fracture.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is thermally stable and spreads easily on the hair, forming a protective film to help prevent water loss from the hair shaft caused by the heat of dryers or heated styling tools.
Thus help guard against damage from heat styling.


-Carrier and Perfume Deliver uses of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) serves as a prominent carrier for many skin care and hair care formulations.
While being a carrier Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also helps deliver fragrance and gives skin a smooth, non-cooling feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also acts as a transient carrier for active salts in antiperspirants & deodorants.


-Hair Conditioning uses of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is recognized as multifunctional ingredients in a variety of hair care products.
With their unique chemical and physical properties, these highly versatile materials not only condition hair but can be used to add shine, making combing easier.

Both are suitable for dry combing results and wet combing.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also enhances hair strength, repairs damaged hair, gives a perception of moisturization, aids curl retention, controls frizz, and adds volume—or even reduces volume.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is commonly used in shampoos, hair conditioners, hair sprays, anti-frizz, and hair-detangling products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) forms a layer on the hair, protecting and preventing it from damage while also allowing the product to spread easily and evenly.



WHAT IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) USED FOR?
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Silicones are also known to repel water and glide easily.
This is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.

They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
This can help you detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be found in a wide range of personal care products.
Examples include:
*hair spray
*sunscreen
*antiperspirant
*deodorant
*hair conditioner
*shampoo
*hair detangling products
*waterproof mascara
*foundation
*eyeliner
*concealer
*moisturizer with SPF
*eye shadow
*hairstyling gel and lotion
*lipstick

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).



BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an ideal carrier for cosmetics without the oily feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) rapidly evaporates leaving the skin feeling smooth and silky.



WHAT DO PEOPLE USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) FOR?
The primary function of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is to work as an emollient.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can also give products a silky feel, which allows them to glide smoothly and deliver any active ingredients to the body evenly.

Manufacturers also use Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) as a solvent to help deliver active ingredients in a product to the skin or hair.
However, unlike other silicones, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is volatile, which means that it quickly evaporates and dries when applied to the skin.



WHAT IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) USED FOR?
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a great number of uses and benefits for the skin and hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is therefore used in a wide range of products when it comes to the cosmetic and skin/hair care industry.


*Skin care:
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) gives a smooth and silky touch to the skin. Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in a variety of cosmetic products as it creates a barrier between the skin and the environment and thus protects it from the harmful external factors.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) locks the moisture on the skin surface and prevents water loss.
Thus, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is beneficial for dry and flaky skin.
Moreover, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has also been known to improve the appearance of scars.


*Hair care:
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is responsible for improving the texture of the formulations that it is added in.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) gives luster and shine to the shafts while also making them appear healthier and bouncier.



BENEFITS AND USES OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is preferred for its conditioning, viscosity controlling, and water-repelling properties.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an excellent solvent and can be found in countless products.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is documented to be an anti-static agent, non-greasy, non-sticky, and is acclaimed for giving a slippery feel and a dry non-cooling sensation on evaporation.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) evaporates quickly and does not leave behind any residue.
This commands application in formulating deodorants and antiperspirants.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) makes spreading products a breeze because of its unique fluidity.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) provides stability to the formulation and prevents it from splitting.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used to deposit active ingredients on the skin and hair, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the formulation.
*Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is used in serums, lotions, hair sprays, face and body mists, sunscreens, non-sticky oils, etc.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) IN SKINCARE?
When applied, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a silky and slippery texture that creates a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in hair products may help prevent breakage, detangle, and reduce frizz.
Here are a few potential benefits of products containing D5:


*Seals hydration.
When used on hair, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) coats the hair shaft and guards against water loss.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) works similarly on the skin by creating a barrier that locks in moisture.


*Evaporates quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is often used in cosmetics and health and beauty products that require faster drying times (think deodorants, sunscreens, and moisturizers).


*Spreads easily.
Like other types of silicones, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in cosmetics applies and spreads easily, leaving a silky smooth texture and a non-greasy finish.


*Has a lightweight feel.
Some silicones are heavy, but Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has a lightweight feel.
This characteristic is especially helpful in products like hair sprays and shampoos.



HOW CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) WORKS:
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) works by carrying the key ingredients of a formulation into the skin and hair for better absorption.
Lacking penetrative powers, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) simply forms a layer over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) makes the surface slippery and then evaporates owing to its volatility.



CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is insoluble in water and is soluble in alcohols, silicones, and solvents.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is suggested that its concentration be kept between 3%-10% for deodorants and skin care products, though it can be increased up to 20%.



HOW TO USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Heat oil phase up to 80o
Add Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) to the heated phase.
Cover the vessel to prevent loss of ingredients due to evaporation.
Wait until Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) dissolves and proceed with emulsification.



WHY DO WE USE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) IN FORMULATIONS?
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) adds wonderful slip to our products and helps reduce tackiness.
Small concentrations of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) add a really gorgeous, expensive-feeling skin feel.
Higher concentrations of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) help “lighten” products, speeding up dry down/absorption speeds.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is commonly used as a diluent in hair oils to create products that don’t leave the hair looking greasy.
A small amount of oil will be diluted in a larger amount of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone); when that is applied to the hair the Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) will readily evaporate, leaving a tiny amount of well-distributed oil behind on the hair.

In cosmetics, you’ll find Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in all kinds of cream cosmetics, where it provides body to the cosmetic and then evaporates readily after application, leaving behind the pigment without any added oil that would compromise wear time.



DO YOU NEED CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE)?
No, but if you love making cosmetics and/or have hair that is not very tolerant of oils, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a wonderful ingredient to have on hand.


REFINED OR UNREFINED?
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) only exists as a refined product.


STRENGHTS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is a very versatile ingredient that improves the skin feel of anything I’ve ever tried it in.


WEAKNESSES OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
The biggest weakness of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) (and other silicones) is all the negative myths about it.
These myths include the idea that silicones suffocate the skin, cause acne, and are bad for sensitive skin.


HOW TO WORK WITH CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Include Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) in the oil phase of your products; it should be cold-processed as it will readily evaporate (and possibly burst into flame) when heated (the flashpoint is 77°C [169°F]).


STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Stored somewhere cool, dark, and dry, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has an indefinite shelf life.
Keep Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) away from sparks and heat sources as the flashpoint is 77°C (169°F)


TIPS, TRICKS, AND QUIRKS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
“Silicones… aren’t biodegradable, but they are degradable – they degrade in the environment, and turn back into silica (sand), carbon dioxide and water.”



COMPATIBILITY OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be tricky to formulate with as they are neither completely oil or water loving.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is stated as being miscible with Mineral oil, isododecane, polydecane, almond oil, Jojoba oil, Soybean oil, Sunflower oil, Isopropyl Myristate, C12-15 Alcohol Benzoate and Capric/ Caprylic Triglyceride.



ORIGIN OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is made by the hydrolysis of dichloride.
This process produces a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and cyclic dimethyl siloxanes.
This on further distillation produces a polymer mixture of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone).



WHAT DOES CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Moisturising
*Skin protecting
*Smoothing
*Stabilising



PRODUCTION AND POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Commercially Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can be removed by distillation.

In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:
[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5

where n is a positive integer.
D4 and Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH.



WHAT IS CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE)?
FACE ILLUSTRATION:
The name “Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)” is crazy hard to say as is its other name “decamethylcyclopentasiloxane,” but the good news is that it’s also referred to as “D5.”

Before we delve into the potential benefits and side effects of Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), knowing exactly what it is is helpful.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is actually a type of silicone that’s regularly used in skincare and haircare products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is specifically part of a small silicone group: cyclomethicones.

According to clinical studies and reports, cyclomethicones have been deemed safe for cosmetic ingredient uses as they are not significantly absorbed through the skin.
However, as a silicone, they are not a natural ingredient, so if you only use natural on your face and skin, you may want to double-check the ingredients in your products.

This colorless, odorless compound, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone), is mainly used as an emollient to help smooth out beauty product creams and gels.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) can also create a protective barrier on your skin once applied, which may help keep your skin safe from toxins, bacteria, germs, pollution, and other yuckiness.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone)’s also commonly used in things like sealants, sunscreen, windshield coatings, medical implants, and antiperspirants. That’s a lot of things.



CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) IS USED IN A VARIETY OF PRODUCTS:
From a commercial view, most importantly, they have been used in antiperspirant formulations because they:
*Impart a soft-silky feel to the skin
*Provide excellent spreading
*Leave no oily residue or buildup
*De-tackify formulations
*Are non-greasy
*Are compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients
*Lower surface tension and
*Provide transient emollience on the skin.



WHAT ARE CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE)'S BENEFITS?
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) offers minimal benefits to the skin.
Companies primarily add Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) to skincare products to improve their sensory feel and texture.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) has other properties that boost the effectiveness of formulations.


*Lightweight carrier
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is an effective carrier, or solvent, due to its ability to evaporate quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) helps to evenly coat the skin with active ingredients without leaving a heavy, sticky, or tacky residue after application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) leaves the active ingredients to work from the skin’s surface as they evaporate.


*Forms a protective barrier
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) also acts as an emollient that adds a protective barrier to the skin.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) evaporates quickly and does not stay on the skin surface, so it does not leave a sticky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) leaves a protective yet breathable layer on the skin.


*Facilitates a smooth application and delivery
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) helps make formulations feel smooth and silky for a smooth and easy application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) allows products to spread evenly over the skin so that all areas of the skin receive key ingredients from a product.


*Improves the appearance of scars
Many silicone gel preparations use Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) as a carrier to deliver other silicone ingredients to the skin.
An older study found that silicone gel preparations improved the texture, height, and appearance of hypertrophic scars and keloids.
However, Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is important to note that the researchers conducted this study on a small sample size of 30 people.


*Inexpensive
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) is generally less costly than other silicone ingredients.
Therefore, a person may find that products containing Cyclopentasiloxane (Cyclomethicone) are more affordable.



SPECIFICATIONS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
*Clear colorless liquid
*characteristic odor
*insoluble in water / alcohol
*store tightly sealed, protected from heat and moisture
*shelf life of 36 months when properly stored / handled



BENEFITS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
*No Oily Residue
*Improves Efficacy of Antiperspirants
*Dry, Non-Greasy Feel
*Improves Wet Combing
*Greater Flexibility in Formulating Cosmetic Products



CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE) AT A GLANCE:
*Enhances the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product
*Promotes even distribution other ingredients in a formula
*Quickly evaporates from skin’s surface without leaving a heavy feel
*Popular in a wide range of skin and hair care products
*Also functions as a solvent to dissolve and deliver ingredients to skin



RECOMMENDED FRAGRANCE CONTENT IN PRODUCTS WITH CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
*Fragrances - Recommended use levels 0.5 – 3%.
*Antiperspirants - Recommended use levels 3 – 10%.
*Skin Care Products - Recommended use levels 3 – 10%.
*Hair Conditioners - Recommended use levels 1 – 5%.
*Room and Linen Mists - Recommended use levels 3 – 5%.
*For example, when making room mists use per 100g of cyclopentasiloxane and 3g to 5g of fragrance, the total amount of final product will be 103g to 105g.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
Melting point : -44°C
Boiling point: 210 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Density : 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Appearance: Colorless to transparent liquid
Specific gravity at 25°C (77°F) : 0.95
Chroma, Hazen: <10
Viscosity 25 ℃, mm2 / s: 3.8-4.2
Refractive index at 25°C (77°F) : 1.397
Flash point (closed cup), ℃: 80
Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4) content, %: < 0.1
Cyclopentasiloxane(D5) content, %: ≥ 99.0
Soluble: ethyl, butyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol.
Flash point: 76°C
HS Code: 29310095
Log P: 3.59200
MDL: MFCD00046966
PSA: 46.15
Refractive Index: 1.396
Risk Statements: R36/37/38
RTECS: GY5945200
Safety Statements: S23-S24/25

Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Merck : 14,2848
Molecular Weight: 370.77
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Boiling Point: 101 °C
Melting Point: -44ºC
Flash Point: 162 °F
Purity: >99.0%(GC)
Density: 0.958
Solubility: Insoluble in water.
Appearance: Liquid
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Chemical formula: [(CH3)2SiO]5
Molar mass: 370.770 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Density: 0.958 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C; −53 °F; 226 K
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Solubility in water: 17.03±0.72 ppb (23 °C)

log P: 8.07
Vapor pressure: 20.4±1.1 Pa (25 °C)
Viscosity: 3.74 cP
CAS Database: 541-02-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: -38 °C at 1.013 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 90 °C at 13 hPa - lit., 210 °C at 1.013 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 73 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 645,15 K
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: < 0,00001 g/l at 23 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 8,023 at 25,3 °C

Vapor pressure: 0,3 hPa at 25 °C, 41 hPa at 110,6 °C
Density: 0,958 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: 0,96 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: Colorless to transparent liquid
Specific gravity at 25°C (77°F) : 0.95
Chroma, Hazen: <10
Viscosity 25 ℃, mm2 / s: 3.8-4.2
Refractive index at 25°C (77°F) : 1.397
Flash point (closed cup), ℃: 80
Cyclotetrasiloxane (D4) content, %: < 0.1
Cyclopentasiloxane(D5) content, %: ≥ 99.0
Soluble: ethyl, butyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol.




FIRST AID MEASURES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYCLOMETHICONE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (CYLOMETHICONE)

Cyclopentasiloxane, also known as cyclomethicone, is a silicone compound commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Its chemical structure consists of a cyclic arrangement of five silicon atoms each bonded to oxygen atoms and other organic groups, forming a siloxane ring.
This makes it a type of cyclomethicone, which refers to cyclic siloxane compounds in general.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9

Synonyms: Cyclomethicone D5, D5 Cyclomethicone, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentamethicone, Decamethylcyclopentamethicone, Cyclopentamethylsiloxane, 2,4,6,8,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl-, Silicone D5, Siloxane D5, Cyclomethicone Pentamer, Cyclic dimethyl siloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone Decamethyl, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl-, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylpentasiloxane, Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl-, Siloxanes and Silicones, dodecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Siloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Siloxanes and Silicones, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylpentamethylsiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylsiloxane, Cyclic pentasiloxane, Siloxane D-5, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone, Cyclopentasiloxane D5, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane



APPLICATIONS


Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is widely used in facial moisturizers to improve the spreadability of the product.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a common ingredient in hair serums, providing a lightweight and silky feel.
In hair conditioners, cyclopentasiloxane helps detangle strands and adds shine.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in makeup primers to create a smooth, even base for foundation.
Cyclopentasiloxane is found in liquid foundations to enhance their application and finish.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a key component in deodorants and antiperspirants, aiding in the quick drying of the product.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in body lotions to give a non-greasy, silky texture.
In sunscreens, cyclopentasiloxane helps distribute active ingredients evenly across the skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in facial masks to improve the mask's application and removal.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is often found in anti-aging serums to enhance their smoothness and spreadability.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in makeup setting sprays to provide a smooth finish without a sticky residue.
In shaving creams, cyclopentasiloxane helps the product glide smoothly over the skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a component of many facial cleansers, contributing to a silky feel and easy application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in lip balms and glosses to add a non-sticky, smooth texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is an ingredient in eye creams to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

In hair sprays, cyclopentasiloxane helps create a lightweight hold that isn’t stiff.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in nail care products to improve the smoothness and application of nail polish.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is found in body oils to enhance their spreadability and absorption.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in makeup removers to help dissolve and lift away makeup without harsh rubbing.
In facial mists, cyclopentasiloxane provides a lightweight, refreshing feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a key ingredient in styling gels to provide a smooth, non-sticky application.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in facial toners to give a silky feel upon application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is found in after-sun care products to soothe and moisturize the skin.

In body scrubs, cyclopentasiloxane helps the product spread easily over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in various pharmaceutical topical treatments for its smooth application and rapid absorption.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in anti-frizz hair treatments to smooth and tame unruly hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a key ingredient in hair mousses, providing volume without a heavy feel.
In hair masks, cyclopentasiloxane helps distribute conditioning ingredients evenly.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in silicone-based makeup removers for its effective cleansing properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is found in blushes and bronzers to improve the texture and blendability.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a component in eyeliners, ensuring smooth and precise application.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in mascaras to enhance the smooth application and prevent clumping.
In eyeshadows, cyclopentasiloxane improves the spreadability and adhesion of pigments.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in facial exfoliants to provide a smooth application and rinsing experience.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a common ingredient in makeup fixing sprays to create a lightweight, even layer.
Cyclopentasiloxane is used in skin primers to fill in fine lines and pores for a flawless makeup base.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is found in tinted moisturizers to help blend pigments seamlessly into the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in liquid eyeliners for smooth and continuous application.

In makeup removers, it helps to dissolve long-wearing and waterproof products easily.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is an ingredient in facial oils to enhance their spreadability and absorption.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in cleansing balms to provide a smooth, luxurious texture that melts away makeup.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is found in body lotions that offer a lightweight, quick-absorbing formula.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in stretch mark creams to improve the texture and spread of the product.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a key component in cellulite creams to ensure smooth application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is found in anti-itch creams to enhance the spreadability and absorption of active ingredients.

Cyclopentasiloxane is used in scar treatment gels to improve the product’s texture and feel.
In self-tanning products, cyclopentasiloxane helps achieve an even application without streaks.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in aftershave lotions to soothe the skin and provide a silky finish.

Cyclopentasiloxane is an ingredient in medicated ointments to enhance their application and skin feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is used in foot creams to provide a smooth, non-greasy feel that absorbs quickly into the skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is part of a larger group of chemicals known as siloxanes.
Cyclopentasiloxane is a volatile silicone, meaning it evaporates at body temperature.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) provides a temporary barrier on the skin, protecting it while allowing moisture to escape.
Despite its synthetic origin, cyclopentasiloxane is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics.
There are environmental concerns regarding its persistence and potential bioaccumulation.

Regulatory agencies like the European Commission and FDA monitor its use in consumer products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) helps to reduce the greasy feel of oils in formulations.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is often used to enhance the sensory experience of products, making them feel more luxurious.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is non-comedogenic, meaning it does not clog pores.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) can be found in both leave-on and rinse-off products.
Its ability to evaporate quickly makes it ideal for spray-on formulations.

In sunscreens, cyclopentasiloxane helps to evenly distribute UV filters on the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is also used in certain medical devices and pharmaceutical applications for its lubricating properties.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclopentasiloxane, also known as cyclomethicone, is a silicone compound commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Its chemical structure consists of a cyclic arrangement of five silicon atoms each bonded to oxygen atoms and other organic groups, forming a siloxane ring.
This makes it a type of cyclomethicone, which refers to cyclic siloxane compounds in general.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is a type of silicone used primarily in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is known for its silky, smooth feel when applied to the skin or hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane evaporates quickly, leaving no residue behind.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is often found in lotions, creams, and serums to enhance spreadability.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) acts as a carrier for other ingredients, helping them distribute evenly over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is commonly used in hair care products to provide a lightweight feel.

Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) helps detangle hair and adds a natural shine without weighing it down.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) is also a popular ingredient in deodorants and antiperspirants.

In makeup, cyclopentasiloxane improves the application and finish of products like foundations and primers.
Cyclopentasiloxane (Cylomethicone) has a low surface tension, which contributes to its ability to spread easily.
Cyclopentasiloxane is often listed on ingredient labels as D5 Cyclomethicone.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties

Molecular Weight: 370.77 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Odorless or very slight odor
Density: Approximately 0.95 g/cm³ at 25°C
Boiling Point: 210-211°C (410-411.8°F)
Melting Point: -42°C (-43.6°F)
Flash Point: 77°C (170.6°F) (closed cup)
Vapor Pressure: 0.067 kPa at 25°C
Refractive Index: 1.397 at 25°C
Viscosity: Approximately 4.0 cSt (centistokes) at 25°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, and aromatic hydrocarbons
Surface Tension: 19.7 mN/m at 25°C
Partition Coefficient (log P): 5.2


Chemical Properties

CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9
Stability: Chemically stable under normal conditions; may degrade under extreme heat or strong acids/bases
Reactivity: Low reactivity; non-reactive with water and most chemicals under standard conditions
Hydrolysis: Resistant to hydrolysis due to the strength of the Si-O bond
Thermal Decomposition: Decomposes at high temperatures to form silicon dioxide and other silicon compounds
Oxidation: Can be oxidized to form silanols and siloxane polymers
Flammability: Combustible liquid
Environmental Persistence: Considered to be persistent in the environment; low biodegradability
Bioaccumulation: Potential to bioaccumulate due to its high partition coefficient



FIRST AID


General Advice

Avoid further exposure:
If symptoms persist or there is any doubt, seek medical attention immediately.
Show the safety data sheet (SDS) or label to medical personnel.


Inhalation
Move to fresh air:
If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Ensure they are in a position that allows them to breathe comfortably.

Monitor breathing:
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen if available and trained to do so.

Seek medical attention:
If symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, or respiratory irritation persist, seek medical advice.


Skin Contact

Remove contaminated clothing:
Remove any contaminated clothing and shoes promptly.

Wash skin thoroughly:
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.

Monitor for irritation:
Observe for signs of irritation or allergic reaction.
If irritation or redness develops and persists, seek medical advice.

Launder clothing:
Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.


Eye Contact

Rinse immediately:
Rinse eyes cautiously with lukewarm, gently flowing water or an eye wash solution for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.

Remove contact lenses:
If present and easy to do, remove contact lenses and continue rinsing.

Seek medical attention:
If eye irritation persists, seek immediate medical advice.


Ingestion

Do not induce vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse mouth:
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.

Seek medical attention:
Get medical attention immediately.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Wear appropriate PPE:
Use gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact.
If ventilation is inadequate, use a respirator approved for organic vapors.

Work Area:
Well-ventilated area:
Handle Cyclopentasiloxane in a well-ventilated area to prevent the accumulation of vapors.
Use local exhaust ventilation if necessary.


Hygiene Measures:

Avoid ingestion and inhalation:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke when using this product. Avoid breathing vapors, mist, or spray.

Wash thoroughly:
Wash hands, face, and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling.

Prevent Contamination:
Keep away from incompatible materials: Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases.

Avoid static discharge:
Use grounding and bonding procedures when transferring material to prevent the buildup of static electricity.


Handling Spills:

Contain and clean up spills:
Use non-sparking tools and equipment.
Absorb spilled material with inert material (e.g., dry sand or earth), then place in a chemical waste container.


Safe Handling Instructions

Container Handling:

Seal containers properly:
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent evaporation and contamination.

Label containers:
Ensure all containers are labeled clearly and correctly.


Transfer Procedures:

Use appropriate equipment:
Use pumps, hoses, and containers designed for handling flammable and volatile liquids.

Avoid spills:
Use spill containment methods, such as drip pans, during transfer operations.


Storage

Conditions for Safe Storage

Storage Area:
Store in a cool, dry place: Store Cyclopentasiloxane in a well-ventilated, dry area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and ignition sources.

Temperature control:
Maintain storage temperatures between 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).


Incompatible Materials:

Segregate storage:
Store away from strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases to prevent hazardous reactions.

Container Requirements:

Use appropriate containers:
Store in original or approved containers made of compatible materials, such as stainless steel, polyethylene, or other materials resistant to silicones.

Secondary containment:
Use secondary containment measures, such as spill trays or bunding, to capture any leaks or spills.

Fire Protection:
Flammable materials storage:
Store away from flammable materials and sources of ignition. Use explosion-proof electrical equipment if applicable.

Fire suppression systems:
Ensure that appropriate fire suppression systems, such as sprinklers or fire extinguishers, are available and easily accessible.

Labeling and Signage:

Clearly label storage areas:
Mark storage areas with appropriate hazard signs and labels indicating the presence of Cyclopentasiloxane.

Emergency information:
Display emergency contact numbers and safety data sheets (SDS) in storage areas.


Specific Storage Instructions

Inspect Containers Regularly:

Check for leaks and damage:
Regularly inspect containers for signs of leaks, corrosion, or damage.

Replace damaged containers:
Promptly replace any containers that show signs of deterioration.


Handling Empty Containers:

Residual material:
Handle empty containers with care as they may contain residues of Cyclopentasiloxane, which can pose hazards.

Proper disposal:
Dispose of empty containers in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations. Ensure they are thoroughly cleaned if being reused or recycled.

Emergency Preparedness:

Emergency response plan:
Develop and maintain an emergency response plan for handling spills, leaks, and accidental releases.

Training:
Ensure all personnel involved in the handling and storage of Cyclopentasiloxane are trained in emergency response procedures and the use of PPE.
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE)
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

CAS: 541-02-6
MF: C10H30O5Si5
MW: 370.77
EINECS: 208-764-9

Synonyms
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane;CD3770;cyclicdimethylsiloxanepentamer;Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-;D3770;Decamethylcylopentasiloxane;siliconsf1202;unioncarbide7158siliconefluid;DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE;541-02-6;Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-;Cyclomethicone 5;2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane;CYCLOPENTASILOXANE;Dimethylsiloxane pentamer;Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan;Dow corning 345;NUC silicone VS 7158;Silicon SF 1202;Ciclopentasiloxane;Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer;Cyclomethicone D5;D5-sil;KF 995;CCRIS 1328;VS 7158;HSDB 5683;UNII-0THT5PCI0R;0THT5PCI0R;EINECS 208-764-9;SF 1202;BRN 1800166;DTXSID1027184;JEESILC CPS-211;XIAMETER PMX-0245;DTXCID907184;CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5);D5;EC 208-764-9;4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);KF-995;DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5;OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5);KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5;2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane;Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-;CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS);CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS];MFCD00046966;Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech];Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane;decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane;C10H30O5Si5;Lightening Serum;D5 Cyclomethicone;dimethylcyclopentasiloxane;Decamethylcylopentasiloxane;UNII: 0THT5PCI0R;SCHEMBL28497;N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane;CHEMBL1885178;CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI];3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA;CHEBI:191092;Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%;XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N;CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD];BCP15826;Tox21_303170;CD377;AKOS008901199;CS-W009767;DB11244;DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI];NCGC00163981-01;NCGC00257224-01;AS-59731;CAS-541-02-6;DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB];D1890;D3770;Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer);FT-0665531;D78203;S05475;Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard;Q414350;decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane;Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane #;D5 Cyclomethicone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone), also known as D5 with CAS Number 541-02-6, is a top-notch raw material often incorporated into complex pharmaceutical applications.
This high-purity product continually exhibits consistent results, making Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) an essential component in the pharmaceutical sector.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is an organosilicon compound.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone), also known as D5 and D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
The chemical formula for Cyclopentasiloxane is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.

Because of its many enriching properties, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a common ingredient used in a variety of hair and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) helps the products spread more evenly and dry quickly, thus providing all the benefits without weighing the skin or hair down.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also gives cosmetic products a silky texture.

Skin care: The hydrating properties of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) are great for the skin as it traps moisture, making the skin smooth and soft.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in lightweight products as it does not penetrate the skin but rather evaporates quickly.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) skin care has anti-aging properties and is a great ingredient to be used in lotions

Hair care: Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a great conditioner for hair because of its lubricating properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is commonly used in shampoos, hair conditioners, hair sprays, anti-frizz, and hair detangling products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) forms a layer on the hair, protecting and preventing it from damage while also allowing the product to spread easily and evenly

Cosmetic products: Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in makeup and makeup removers because it is non-comedogenic and does not block pores

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone)’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) evaporates quickly away from it.
This property makes Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows the product to spread more easily.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also means you don’t have to worry about cyclopentasiloxane “trapping” or “congesting” skin (as is also true for other silicones).
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning this siloxane doesn’t suffocate skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also shows up in hair care formulas (particularly conditioners and hair serums) where it lends a softening + smoothing feel and makes hair remarkably shiny.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Fp: 162 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.959
Color: Colorless
Explosive limit: 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Dielectric constant: 2.5(20℃)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 541-02-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) (541-02-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) (541-02-6)

Uses
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic characteristics.

Production and polymerization
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) can be removed by distillation.
In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:

[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
where n is a positive integer.
D4 and Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH.
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE)
DESCRIPTION:
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) , also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.

CAS Number, 541-02-6
EC Number, 208-764-9

SYNONYMS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :
Cyclopentamethicone,Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer,D5,D5,2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclo-decamethylpentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone pentamer 245, Decamethylpentacyclosiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane,2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-;Cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl-;2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;Dimethylsiloxane pentamer;Union Carbide 7158 Silicone Fluid;Dow Corning 345;NUC Silicone VS 7158;Dow Corning 345 Fluid;Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer;SF 1202;Silicone SF 1202;VS 7158;KF 995;Dow Corning 245;DC 245;Silbione V 5;Volasil 245;DC 345;TSF 465;LS 9000;Cyclo-decamethylpentasiloxane;Execol D 5;TSF 405;Pentacyclomethicone;SH 245;SH 245 (siloxane);TFS 405;Silbione 70045V5;Mirasil CM 5;Dow Corning 345EU;DC 2-5252C;Dow Corning 2-5252C;DC 345 Fluid;Dow Corning 245 Fluid;Silicon Plus α;Botanisil CP 33;Cyclopentasiloxane;Cyclopentadimethylsiloxane;D5;Volatile Silicone Fluid 345;Cyclomethicone pentamer 245;Xiameter PMX;Xiameter PMX 0245;Tego Polish Additive 5;SH 245 Fluid;Decamethylpentacyclosiloxane;KF 7312T;TSF 405A;KF 955;D 5 (siloxane);Siloxane D 5;PMX 345;D 5




Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
The chemical formula for Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.


Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in personal care products including skin creams, cosmetics, shampoos, deodorants and conditioners.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is also used in various applications such as industrial cleaning fluids and dry cleaning solvents.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) (cyclosiloxanes) are basic members of the broad family of silicone materials and are used as building blocks for the production of a diverse array of silicone polymers.
A common denominator for cyclosiloxanes is that they contain repeating units of silicone (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a “cyclic” structure.

This also gives them their unique properties as hybrid inorganic-organic substances.
D4, D5, D6 contain 4, 5 and 6 repeating units respectively.
They are the three main cyclosiloxanes in commercial production and several decades of research have proven that they are safe for human health and the environment.

Basic members of the broad family of silicone materials, all cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclopentasiloxane (D5), cyclohexasiloxane (D6) are volatile oils with a cyclic chemical structure and various properties.
They are widely used because of the smooth and refreshing feeling they create


ORIGIN OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone), a synthetic substance, is made up of silicone and oxygen.
Sometimes, elements like hydrogen and carbon are also used.
They are all natural substances, but Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) undergoes chemical processing before it is used in cosmetic and skincare products.



APPLICATIONS OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used as A greener solvent in synthetic chemistry applications.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used as A monomeric unit for polymerization by various base catalysts to obtain polysiloxane polymer.

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclopentasiloxane) is a colorless, odorless, volatile liquid cyclic siloxane, safe and environmentally friendly, and has been widely used in health and In beauty products such as deodorants, antiperspirants, cosmetics, shampoos, body lotions, etc., they have good compatibility with alcohol and most other cosmetic solvents.


Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in personal care formulations by gas chromatography
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.
These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane, mainly composed of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is clear, tasteless, basically odorless, and non-greasy.
performance:

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used as Volatile silicone oil.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) Gives skin a soft and silky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) has Good spreadability.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is Refreshing and non-greasy.

The base oil component of personal care products has good spreadability, easy application, lubrication and unique volatility.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used as Antiperspirant, deodorant, hair spray, facial cleanser, skin cream, lotion and other care products.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used as Shower oil, tanning agent, shaving products, cosmetics, nail polish.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) can also be used as an additive for powder cosmetics, perfumes, Caron perfumes and shaving creams.

When used in strip products, the product has suitable spreadability and volatility.


USES OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants. D5 is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of D5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.

Atmospheric emissions of D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.

It was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic characteristics.


Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is an odourless, colourless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production of silicone rubbers, gels and resins.
When used as an intermediate during the manufacturing process, virtually all D4 is consumed with only a tiny amount remaining in final products.


Because of its many enriching properties, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) silicone is a common ingredient used in a variety of hair and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) helps the products spread more evenly and dry quickly, thus providing all the benefits without weighing the skin or hair down.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) also gives cosmetic products a silky texture.

Skin care: The hydrating properties of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) are great for the skin as it traps moisture, making the skin smooth and soft.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in lightweight products as it does not penetrate the skin but rather evaporates quickly.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) skin care has anti-aging properties and is a great ingredient to be used in lotions

Hair care:
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is a great conditioner for hair because of its lubricating properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is commonly used in shampoos, hair conditioners, hair sprays, anti-frizz, and hair detangling products.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) forms a layer on the hair, protecting and preventing it from damage while also allowing the product to spread easily and evenly
Cosmetic products:
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5 Silicone) is used in makeup and makeup removers because it is non-comedogenic and does not block pores




PRODUCTION AND POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :
Commercially D5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 can be removed by distillation.

In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:
[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
where n is a positive integer. D4 and D5 are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH


ADVANTAGES OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :

1. Hair care: Reduce drying time, removes sticky sense, and comb in wet.
2.Skin care: No irritation, no clogging, easier smearing, reduces oily sensation, rapid absorption, pigmentation, smoothness feeling, smooth feeling/softening.
3. General Characteristics: less odor.
4. Antiperspirant/deodorant: reduce sticky sense, drying feeling in use, no stains left on the surface of clothing, and increase slip performance.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) ::
Chemical formula, [(CH3)2SiO]5
Molar mass, 370.770 g•mol−1
Appearance, Colourless liquid
Density, 0.958 g/cm3
Melting point, −47 °C; −53 °F; 226 K
Boiling point, 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Solubility in water, 17.03±0.72 ppb (23 °C) [2]
log P, 8.07[3]
Vapor pressure, 20.4±1.1 Pa (25 °C) [4]
Viscosity, 3.74 cP
Quality Level
100
Assay
97%
form
liquid
refractive index
n20/D 1.396 (lit.)
bp
90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
density
0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1
InChI
1S/C10H30O5Si5/c1-16(2)11-17(3,4)13-19(7,8)15-20(9,10)14-18(5,6)12-16/h1-10H3
InChI key
XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Physical state liquid
Colour various
Odour characteristic

Other safety parameters :
pH (value) not determined
Melting point/freezing point -38 °C at 101.3 kPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range 210 °C at 101.3 kPa
Flash point 82.7 °C at 101.3 kPa
Vapour pressure 33.2 Pa at 25 °C
Partition coefficient - n-octanol/water (log KOW) 8.023 (25.3 °C) (ECHA) -
Soil organic carbon/water (log KOC) 5.17 (ECHA)
Auto-ignition temperature 645.2 K at 101.3 kPa (ECHA)
Viscosity
Kinematic viscosity 3.7 mm²/s at 25 °C
Dynamic viscosity 3.5 mPa s at 25 °C
grade
certified reference material
pharmaceutical secondary standard

Quality Level
300
Agency
traceable to USP 1154809
API family
cyclomethicone
CofA
current certificate can be downloaded
packaging
pkg of 500 mg
technique(s)
HPLC: suitable
gas chromatography (GC): suitable

refractive index
n20/D 1.396 (lit.)
bp
90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
density
0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
application(s)
pharmaceutical (small molecule)
format
neat
storage temp.
2-30°C
SMILES string
C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1
InChI
1S/C10H30O5Si5/c1-16(2)11-17(3,4)13-19(7,8)15-20(9,10)14-18(5,6)12-16/h1-10H3
InChI key
XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Appearance, Transparent and colorless liquid
Viscosity, cSt, 25℃, 2 - 6
Specific gravity, 25℃, 0.940 - 0.960
Refractive index, 25℃, 1.3850 -1.4050
Purity, %, More than 99
Appearance, Colorless transparent liquid
Chroma, Hazen, <20
Turbidity,NTU, <4
Viscosity 25 ℃, mm2 / s, 3.9
Density, 25 ℃, 0.95
Heavy metal content (Pb indicate), <5
Mineral oil content, mg / kg, <0.1
Surface tension, 25 ℃, mN / m,, 18.3
Odor, slight odor odorless
Flash point (closed cup), ℃, 80
Boiling point, 101.3kpa, ° C, 210
Crystallization point, ℃, about, -40
The vapor pressure, 20 ℃, KPa, 0.025
Evaporation Rate (g/ min), NF30 -302, at 80℃, 0. 075
Volatile Time (sec), DIN 5 3 -, 170, at 23℃ 8400
Refractive index, 2 5 ℃, about, 1. 395
Octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane (D 4) content,%, Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane (D5) content,%, ≥97
Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane (D5) + twelve methylcyclohexyl six siloxane (D6) content,%, ≥99.7
Acid value (NaOH 0.01N / 2g, ml), <0.15
Soluble, ethyl, butyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol
Not dissolve, water and glycol
Product Name:
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Other Name:
Cyclopentasiloxane,2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-;Cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl-;2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;Dimethylsiloxane pentamer;Union Carbide 7158 Silicone Fluid;Dow Corning 345;NUC Silicone VS 7158;Dow Corning 345 Fluid;Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer;SF 1202;Silicone SF 1202;VS 7158;KF 995;Dow Corning 245;DC 245;Silbione V 5;Volasil 245;DC 345;TSF 465;LS 9000;Cyclo-decamethylpentasiloxane;Execol D 5;TSF 405;Pentacyclomethicone;SH 245;SH 245 (siloxane);TFS 405;Silbione 70045V5;Mirasil CM 5;Dow Corning 345EU;DC 2-5252C;Dow Corning 2-5252C;DC 345 Fluid;Dow Corning 245 Fluid;Silicon Plus α;Botanisil CP 33;Cyclopentasiloxane;Cyclopentadimethylsiloxane;D5;Volatile Silicone Fluid 345;Cyclomethicone pentamer 245;Xiameter PMX;Xiameter PMX 0245;Tego Polish Additive 5;SH 245 Fluid;Decamethylpentacyclosiloxane;KF 7312T;TSF 405A;KF 955;D 5 (siloxane);Siloxane D 5;PMX 345;D 5
CAS No.:
541-02-6
Molecular Formula:
C10H30O5Si5
InChIKeys:
InChIKey=XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight:
370.77000
Exact Mass:
370.77
EC Number:
208-764-9
PSA:
46.15000
XLogP3:
8.03 (LogP)
Appearance:
Liquid
Density:
0.9593 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point:
-38 °C
Boiling Point:
210 °C
Flash Point:
162 °F
Refractive Index:
1.396
Water Solubility:
In water, 1.7X10-2 mg/L at 25 deg C
Storage Conditions:
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Combustible liquids.
Vapor Pressure:
30.002 mmHg @ -6.6°C
Toxicity:
LD50 oral in rat: > 24134mg/kg
Molecular Weight:370.77
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:5
Exact Mass:370.09395673
Monoisotopic Mass:370.09395673
Topological Polar Surface Area:46.2
Heavy Atom Count:20
Complexity:258
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5 SILICONE) :
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5)

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5), often abbreviated as D5, is a type of cyclic silicone compound.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a clear, odorless liquid with a viscosity similar to water.
It's commonly used in various personal care products, cosmetics, and skincare formulations due to its unique properties.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
EC Number: 208-764-9

DecamethylCyclopentasiloxane (D5), Pentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone, Siloxane, Cyclopentasilane, D5, DecamethylpentaCyclopentasiloxane (D5), PentamethylCyclopentasiloxane (D5), Cyclopolysiloxane, Cyclotetrasiloxane, DecamethylCyclopentasiloxane (D5), Cyclopolymethylsiloxane, DecamethylCyclopentasiloxane (D5), D5 Siloxane, Cyclotetrasiloxane, Pentamer, PentamethylCyclopentasiloxane (D5), Cyclomethylsiloxane, Siloxanes and Silicones, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5)s, Pentamer 8010, Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me, Cyclomethylpentasiloxane, Cyclomethyl pentasiloxane, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,3,3,5,5,5-hexamethyl-1,3-dioxan, 1,3,3,5,5,5-hexamethyl-1,3-dioxane



APPLICATIONS


Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is widely used in skincare products such as moisturizers and lotions.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) serves as a key ingredient in anti-aging creams, providing a smooth and silky texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is commonly found in sunscreen formulations, where it helps to improve spreadability and water resistance.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is utilized in makeup primers to create a soft and even base for foundation application.
In foundation formulations, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) enhances blendability and provides a lightweight feel.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is often included in BB creams and CC creams for its skin-smoothing properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a staple in facial serums, delivering active ingredients deep into the skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) contributes to the luxurious texture of body creams and butters, leaving the skin feeling soft and moisturized.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to deodorants and antiperspirants for its quick-drying and non-greasy attributes.
In hair care products such as conditioners and leave-in treatments, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) enhances detangling and adds shine.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in heat protectant sprays and serums to shield the hair from styling damage.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is incorporated into hair styling products like mousses and gels to provide hold and manageability.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is utilized in shaving creams and gels to improve glide and reduce irritation.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is included in lip balms and lipsticks to create a smooth and glossy texture.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to eye creams and gels to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is found in acne treatments for its ability to deliver active ingredients without clogging pores.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in scar creams and gels to soften and smooth the skin's texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is employed in nail care products such as cuticle oils and strengtheners for its conditioning properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) serves as a carrier for fragrances in perfumes and colognes, enhancing their longevity on the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to bath oils and salts to create a luxurious and moisturizing bathing experience.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is utilized in self-tanning lotions and sprays to improve spreadability and absorption.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is included in massage oils and creams for its silky-smooth texture and ease of application.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in foot creams and balms to soften rough and calloused skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to stretch mark creams and oils to improve skin elasticity and texture.
This versatile chemical finds applications across a wide range of personal care and cosmetic products, contributing to their effectiveness and sensory appeal.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in sunless tanning products to improve the evenness of application and to help the product dry quickly.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is incorporated into facial masks to enhance their spreadability and to provide a smooth, comfortable application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to makeup setting sprays to help the product adhere to the skin and prolong the wear of makeup.
In eye makeup removers, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) helps dissolve and remove stubborn waterproof mascara and eyeliner without leaving an oily residue.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is utilized in lip glosses and lip stains to provide a glossy, non-sticky finish.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is included in hand creams and lotions to soften and hydrate dry, rough skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to body scrubs and exfoliants to improve their texture and spreadability.
In body washes and shower gels, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) helps create a rich, foaming lather.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in intimate lubricants to provide a smooth, frictionless experience.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is incorporated into foot sprays and powders to help absorb excess moisture and prevent foot odor.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to facial cleansers and makeup removers to help dissolve makeup and impurities without stripping the skin of its natural oils.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in hair masks and deep conditioning treatments to help seal in moisture and improve the overall health of the hair.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is included in dry shampoo formulations to help absorb excess oil and refresh the hair between washes.
In cuticle creams and oils, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) helps soften and moisturize the cuticles for healthier-looking nails.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is utilized in hand sanitizers to provide a smooth, gel-like texture that spreads easily over the hands.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to anti-frizz serums and creams to help tame flyaways and smooth the hair's surface.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is incorporated into aftershave balms and lotions to soothe and hydrate the skin after shaving.

In massage candles and oils, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) helps create a luxurious, glideable texture for a relaxing massage experience.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in hair colorants to help distribute the color evenly and to improve the overall texture of the product.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is added to facial primers to help smooth the skin's surface and create a flawless base for makeup application.
In makeup remover wipes, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) helps dissolve and lift away makeup without the need for harsh rubbing.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is included in hand sanitizing wipes to provide a non-sticky, refreshing experience.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is used in fragrance diffusers to help disperse the scent evenly throughout the room.
In foot scrubs and exfoliants, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) helps improve the texture of the product and provides a smooth application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) finds applications in a wide range of personal care and cosmetic products, contributing to their efficacy, texture, and overall sensory experience.



DESCRIPTION


Cyclopentasiloxane (D5), often abbreviated as D5, is a type of cyclic silicone compound.
It's a clear, odorless liquid with a viscosity similar to water.
It's commonly used in various personal care products, cosmetics, and skincare formulations due to its unique properties.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a clear, colorless liquid with a subtle, nearly odorless scent.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) possesses a remarkably smooth texture, resembling that of water.

When applied to the skin, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) imparts a luxurious, silky feel.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) exhibits excellent spreading properties, effortlessly covering the skin's surface.
Despite its lightweight consistency, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) provides effective moisturization.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) dries quickly upon application, leaving behind a velvety, non-greasy finish.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) enhances the texture of skincare products, ensuring easy absorption.
Its volatility makes it ideal for use in quick-drying formulations, such as antiperspirants.

As a key ingredient in cosmetics, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) contributes to long-lasting wear.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) imparts a soft-focus effect, blurring imperfections and creating a smooth canvas.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) exhibits water-resistant properties, making it suitable for waterproof formulations.
When incorporated into hair care products, it provides heat protection and enhances shine.

The stability of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) allows it to withstand high temperatures without degradation.
It functions as an effective carrier for active ingredients, facilitating their delivery to the skin.

Due to its low viscosity, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) spreads evenly and easily across the skin's surface.
This versatile chemical is compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) contributes to the lightweight feel of skincare formulations, promoting comfort.

Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) acts as a humectant, helping to retain moisture in the skin and hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) imparts a soft, satiny finish to cosmetic products, enhancing their appeal.
Its film-forming properties create a protective barrier on the skin, locking in moisture.

When used in hair styling products, Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) reduces frizz and improves manageability.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) enhances the spreadability of formulations, ensuring effortless application.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) contributes to the sensory experience of cosmetics, providing a luxurious feel.

Its non-comedogenic nature makes it suitable for use in skincare products for all skin types.
Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) is a versatile ingredient prized for its texture-enhancing and moisturizing properties in cosmetics and personal care products.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C5H15OSi5
Molecular Weight: Approximately 370.91 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Nearly odorless
Density: 0.95 g/cm³
Melting Point: -48°C (-54°F)
Boiling Point: 210°C (410°F)
Flash Point: 93°C (199°F) closed cup
Vapor Pressure: 1.3 mmHg at 25°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone
pH: Neutral
Viscosity: Low viscosity, similar to water
Surface Tension: Low surface tension, facilitating easy spreading
Volatility: High volatility, evaporates quickly upon application



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention promptly.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical advice.
Wash contaminated clothing and shoes thoroughly before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Rinse eyes thoroughly with water, keeping eyelids open, for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, pain, or redness persists.


Ingestion:

Rinse mouth with water and drink plenty of water to dilute the chemical.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention immediately and provide information on the ingested substance.


General Advice:

Keep affected person calm and reassure them.
Do not administer any medications unless directed by medical personnel.
If seeking medical attention, provide the SDS (Safety Data Sheet) or product label information to healthcare providers.
If treating someone who has been exposed to a large quantity of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5), follow standard first aid protocols and consult with a poison control center or medical professional for further guidance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

General Handling:
Handle Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) with care to avoid spills and splashes.
Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety glasses when handling.
Avoid inhalation of vapors or mists. Use in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation if necessary.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Cyclopentasiloxane (D5).
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In case of a small spill, absorb the material with an inert absorbent material such as sand or vermiculite.
Dispose of the absorbed material in accordance with local regulations.
For large spills or leaks, contain the spill to prevent further spread and notify appropriate authorities for cleanup and disposal.

Storage:
Store Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and sources of heat or ignition.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent evaporation and contamination.
Store away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents and acids.
Do not store near open flames, sparks, or other sources of ignition.
Ensure proper labeling of containers with product name, hazard warnings, and handling instructions.

Handling Precautions:
Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin and eyes.
Use appropriate engineering controls such as splash guards or safety shields when transferring or dispensing Cyclopentasiloxane (D5).
Use caution when handling heated material to prevent burns or thermal injury.
Avoid exposure to incompatible materials or conditions that may result in hazardous reactions.

Transportation:
Follow all applicable regulations and guidelines for the transportation of Cyclopentasiloxane (D5).
Ensure containers are properly labeled, sealed, and secured to prevent leaks or spills during transportation.
Use suitable containers and packaging materials that are compatible with the chemical and designed for transportation purposes.

Emergency Procedures:
Familiarize yourself and other personnel with emergency procedures in case of accidental exposure, spill, or release.
Have appropriate spill control measures, personal protective equipment, and emergency contact information readily available.
In case of emergency, follow established procedures and notify relevant authorities for assistance.


CYCLOPENTASILOXANE D5/ CYCLOMETHICONE 5
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a high molecular weight, hydrophobic silicone fluid with a low vapor pressure.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of cyclopentasiloxane.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in personal care formulations by gas chromatography.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Molecular Weight: 370.77
EINECS Number: 208-764-9

DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, 541-02-6, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Cyclomethicone 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, Dow corning 345, NUC silicone VS 7158, Silicon SF 1202, Ciclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone D5, D5-sil, KF 995, CCRIS 1328, VS 7158, HSDB 5683, UNII-0THT5PCI0R, 0THT5PCI0R, EINECS 208-764-9, SF 1202, BRN 1800166, DTXSID1027184, JEESILC CPS-211, XIAMETER PMX-0245, DTXCID907184, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), D5, EC 208-764-9, 4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), KF-995, DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS), CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS], MFCD00046966, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech], Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, C10H30O5Si5, Lightening Serum, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5, dimethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, UNII: 0THT5PCI0R, SCHEMBL28497, N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane, CHEMBL1885178, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], 3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA, CHEBI:191092, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%, XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], BCP15826, Tox21_303170, CD3770, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL, AKOS008901199, CS-W009767, DB11244, HY-W009051, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], NCGC00163981-01, NCGC00257224-01, AS-59731, CAS-541-02-6, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], D1890, D3770, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer), FT-0665531, NS00043162, D78203, S05475, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard, Q414350, decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Further, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.

These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is preferred for its conditioning, viscosity controlling, and water-repelling properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is an excellent solvent and can be found in countless products.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 doesn’t suffocate skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5, also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
The chemical formula for Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is C10H30O5Si5.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 has a high resistance to hydrolysis by water and acids.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used as a reactive diluent in the synthesis of compounds that have an unsaturated bond.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 can also be used as a film-forming polymer in cosmetics and personal care products, such as hair sprays, body lotions, and antiperspirants.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the synthesis of butanediol, which is then converted into other materials like polyester or polysiloxanes.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic
characteristic

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 can be removed by distillation.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and a pollutant through accumulation and persistence in the environment.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly away from it.

This property makes Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 to spread more easily.

As if the name "Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5" wasn't hard enough to say, we should point out that it's also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
This property contributes to a smooth and lightweight feel upon application.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 enhances the spreadability of cosmetic products and provides a silky, non-greasy texture.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 helps in the even distribution of other ingredients in formulations.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 acts as an emollient, imparting a soft and smooth texture to the skin or hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 can improve the appearance of cosmetic formulations, giving them a luxurious and aesthetically pleasing feel.

In hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 can contribute to improved manageability, shine, and detangling.
Found in various skincare products like creams and lotions, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 helps in providing a smooth application, and its volatility ensures a non-greasy finish.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is documented to be an anti-static agent, non-greasy, non-sticky, and is acclaimed for giving a slippery feel and a dry non-cooling sensation on evaporation.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates quickly and does not leave behind any residue.
This commands application in formulating deodorants and antiperspirants.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 makes spreading products a breeze because of its unique fluidity.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 provides stability to the formulation and prevents it from splitting.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used to deposit active ingredients on the skin and hair, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the formulation.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in serums, lotions, hair sprays, face and body mists, sunscreens, non-sticky oils, etc.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Featured Industries: Pharmaceutical (small molecule)
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5, is a type of silicone commonly used in various personal care and cosmetic products.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 belongs to the class of cyclic siloxanes, specifically a pentamer of the chemical formula (CH3)2SiO.
The "D5" designation refers to its cyclic structure and is often used in product ingredient lists.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is described by Robinson as a silicon-based compound, and it's part of a larger category called cyclomethicone.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 functions primarily as an emollient, comes in a colorless and odorless liquid form, and is found in a vast array of beauty products from skincare to haircare.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile silicone, meaning it evaporates quickly when applied to the skin or hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.

Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Flash point: 162 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
form: Liquid
color: Colorless
Specific Gravity: 0.959
explosive limit 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Dielectric constant: 2.5(20℃)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 consists of fully methylated cyclic dimethylpolysiloxanes such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), although the exact composition varies.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is practically insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohols and other solvents .
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 works by carrying the key ingredients of a formulation into the skin and hair for better absorption.

Lacking penetrative powers, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 simply forms a layer over the skin.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 makes the surface slippery and then evaporates owing to its volatility.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is insoluble in water and is soluble in alcohols, silicones, and solvents.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 evaporates easily, even from cosmetics, without cooling or causing any discomfort. D 4 is classified as a hazardous substance due to suspected reproductive toxic effects .
D4 and Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 are difficult to degrade and accumulate in living organisms (bioaccumulating).
With D4 and Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5, there is a risk that they will find their way into the human organism through inhalation as a volatile substance from cosmetics.

A layer of D 4 on the skin evaporates within 30 minutes at 25 °C and in 10 minutes at 37 °C.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5was introduced into cosmetics in 1978.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a volatile fluid with appreciable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and environmental pollutant because it accumulates in the environment and is persistent.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is suggested that its concentration be kept between 3%-10% for deodorants and skin care products, though it can be increased up to 20%.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5s, are inert synthetic polymers consisting of repeated units of silicon (Si) atoms, oxygen atoms (O), and R organic substituent (R2SiO), occurring in linear or cyclic forms.

Based on their polymer length, particle size, and molecular weights, siloxanes can be categorised into different groups: fluids, elastomers and resins.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5’s also used as a sealant to protect the skin against moisture loss and as a lubricant as it helps the skin and hair absorb heavier, larger molecular weight ingredients.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 gives products a silky, smooth feel that then have a nice feel to the skin.

Also known as Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5, thankfully, it’s often referred to as simply, D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5’s colourless, odourless and is always found in liquid form.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is a polydimethylcyclosiloxane that is composed of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (CAS# 541‐02‐6).

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non‐greasy and non‐stinging.
Due to their varying rates of evaporation, low surface tensions (high spreadability), and non‐greasy feel, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5s are used as base fluids, carrying agents and wetting agents in a wide range of personal care products.
Cosmetic applications include: room sprays, body sprays, antiperspirants, skin creams, skin lotions, suntan lotions, bath oils, hair care products etc.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 Fluids are California VOC Exempt and will not contribute to ozone‐ depletion and global warming.
They are being uses as replacements for Non‐VOC compliant petroleum‐bases solvents as both carrying agents as well as for cleaning solvents where low to medium solvency power is desireable.

Both Cyclo‐2244 and Cyclo‐2245 have comparable evaporation rates to naptha solvents, odorless mineral spirits (OMS) as well as some of the isoparaffinic solvents.
They are compatible with most substates, including metals and plastics.

Uses:
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 are also known to repel water and glide easily.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in the production of polymers and plastics to improve processing and molding properties.

Included in certain paint and coating formulations for its ability to enhance the texture and application of the product.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in some electronic and electrical insulation materials for its dielectric properties.
Applied as a release agent in molding processes to facilitate the easy removal of molded products.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.

10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Found in moisturizers, creams, and lotions to provide a smooth and silky texture.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in anti-aging products to improve the spreadability and application of active ingredients.
Included in shampoos and conditioners to enhance manageability, detangling, and shine.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in styling products such as serums and hair sprays for a lightweight, non-greasy finish.

Found in various cosmetics, including foundations, primers, and concealers, to improve texture and blendability.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in lip products for a smooth application.
Included in sunscreens to enhance the spreadability of the product and provide a pleasant feel on the skin.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in formulations to improve the texture and application of deodorant products.
Found in certain pharmaceutical formulations and medical creams for its emollient properties.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in various industrial applications where a silicone with specific properties is required.

May be found in certain household products for its lubricating and water-repelling characteristics.
Applied in textile finishing processes to enhance fabric softness and improve the feel of textiles.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in certain personal lubricants for its smooth and non-sticky properties.

Included in certain automotive and metal polishes to improve the application and shine.
They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 can help detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.

Employed as an antifoaming agent in various industrial processes where foam formation needs to be controlled.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in certain adhesive and sealant formulations to improve spreading and application properties.
Included in leather care products such as polishes and conditioners for its conditioning and shining properties.

Found in certain household and cleaning products to enhance the formulation's spreadability and texture.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in certain automotive care products like dashboard polishes and interior cleaners for its smoothing and conditioning effects.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.

A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.

Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.

Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.

Safety Profile:
The environmental impacts of Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 and D4 have attracted attention because these compounds are pervasive.
Cyclic siloxanes have been detected in some species of aquatic life.
However, in the European Union, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 was characterized as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) due to its PBT and vPvB properties and was thus included in the candidate list for authorisation.

Since 31 January 2020, Cyclopentasiloxane D5/Cyclomethicone 5 cannot be placed on the market in the European Union in wash-off cosmetic products in a concentration equal to or greater than 0.1 % by weight.
A scientific review in Canada has determined that “Siloxane D5 does not pose a danger to the environment” and a scientific assessment of D5 by the Australian government stated, "the direct risks to aquatic life from exposure to these chemicals at expected surface water concentrations are not likely to be significant."

CYCLOTETRASILOXANE
CYCLOTRISILOXANE, N° CAS : 541-05-9, Nom INCI : CYCLOTRISILOXANE, Nom chimique : Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 208-765-4, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
CYCLOTRISILOXANE
Cyclohexylammonium benzoate; N-Cyclohexylammonium benzoate; Benzoic acid, compd. with cyclohexanamine (1:1); Benzoic acid, compd. with cyclohexylamine (1:1) CAS NO:3129-92-8
Cylohexylamine benzoate
CYSTEAMINE HCL, N° CAS : 156-57-0, Nom INCI : CYSTEAMINE HCL, Nom chimique : Mercaptamine hydrochloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-858-1, Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité, Agent bouclant ou lissant (coiffant) : Modifie la structure chimique des cheveux, pour les coiffer dans le style requis. Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène
CYSTEAMINE HCL
CYSTEIC ACID, N° CAS : 498-40-8 / 13100-82-8, Nom INCI : CYSTEIC ACID, Nom chimique : L-3-Sulfoalanine, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 207-861-3. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
CYSTEATE
Cysteate is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Cysteate, also known as Cysteic acid or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
Cysteate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

CAS Number: 498-40-8
EC Number: 207-861-3
Molecular Formula: C3H7NO5S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.15

Cysteic Acid, 3-Sulfoalanine, DL-CYSTEIC ACID, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, 13100-82-8, cysteate, beta-Sulfoalanine, Alanine, 3-sulfo-, 3024-83-7, Cysteinic acid, Cepteic acid, Cipteic acid, Cysteric acid, A3OGP4C37W, CHEBI:21260, Cysteinesulfonate, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoate, L-Cysteate, UNII-A3OGP4C37W, cysteinsaure, Cepteate, Cipteate, Cysterate, NSC 254030, NSC-254030, L-Cysteic acid, 8, 3-Sulfoalanine, (L)-, 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionate, CYSTEIC ACID [MI], CYSTEIC ACID, DL-, CHEMPACIFIC41266, SCHEMBL44030,m2-amino-3-sulfopro-panoic acid, CHEMBL1171434, 2-azanyl-3-sulfo-propanoic acid, BDBM85473, DTXSID40862048, XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N, BBL100099, MFCD00065088, NSC254030, STL301905, AKOS005174455, 3-Sulfoalanine (H-DL-Cys(O3H)-OH), LS-04435, FT-0627746, FT-0655399, FT-0683826, C-9550, EN300-717791, A820275, Q2823250, Z1198149799, InChI=1/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9, 13100-82-8 [RN], 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, 3024-83-7 [RN], 3-Sulfoalanin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Sulfoalanine [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Sulfoalanine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], A3OGP4C37W, a-Amino-b-sulfopropionic Acid, Alanine, 3-sulfo- [ACD/Index Name], CYA, Cysteic Acid, Cysteic acid (VAN), CYSTEIC ACID, D-, CYSTEIC ACID, DL-, CYSTEIC ACID, L-, DL-cysteic acid, L-Cysteic Acid, UNII:A3OGP4C37W, α-amino-β-sulfopropionic acid, 2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoate [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionate, Cepteate, Cipteate, Cysteinesulfonate, Cysterate, (R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, (S)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, [13100-82-8] [RN], 207-861-3 [EINECS], 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionic acid, 35554-98-4 [RN], 3-Sulfoalanine, (L)-, 3-sulfoalanine|alanine, 3-sulfo-, Alanine, 3-sulfo-, L-, C-9550, Cepteic acid, Cipteic acid, cysteate, cysteinate, cysteine sulfonic acid, CYSTEINESULFONIC ACID, Cysteinic acid, Cysteins??ure, Cysteric acid, DL-CYSTEICACID, L-Alanine, 3-sulfo- [ACD/Index Name], L-Cysteate, L-Cysteic acid, 8, MFCD00007524, MFCD00065088 [MDL number], β-Sulfoalanine

Cysteate also known as 3-sulfo-l-alanine is the organic compound with the formula HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.
Cysteate is often referred to as Cysteic acid, which near neutral pH takes the form −O3SCH2CH(NH3+)CO2−.

Cysteate is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Cysteate is further metabolized via 3-sulfolactate, which converts to pyruvate and sulfite/bisulfite.
The enzyme L-cysteate sulfo-lyase catalyzes this conversion.

Cysteate is a biosynthetic precursor to taurine in microalgae.
By contrast, most taurine in animals is made from cysteine sulfinate.

Cysteate and cysteine sulfinic acid (metabolic intermediates from taurine biosynthesis in the brain) significantly reduce [3H]taurine uptake in cultured neurons, whereas cysteine, isethionic acid, cysteamine, and cystamine exhibit no alterations in taurine transport.

Cysteate, also known as Cysteic acid or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.
Cysteate is a very strong basic compound (based on Cysteate pKa).

Cysteate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Within humans, Cysteate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Cysteate can be converted into taurine through Cysteate interaction with the enzyme cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase.

In addition, Cysteate can be converted into taurine through Cysteate interaction with the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase 1.
In humans, Cysteate is involved in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.

Cysteate, also known as Cysteic acid or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

Cysteate is a very strong basic compound (based on Cysteate pKa).
Cysteate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

L-Cysteate is a beta-sulfoalanine.
Cysteate is an amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Cysteate occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Cysteate, also known as 3-sulfo-1-alanine, is an organic compound with the formula HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.
Cysteate is often called Cysteic acid, and at near-neutral pH Cysteate takes the form -O3SCH2CH(NH3+)CO2-.

An amino acid produced by the oxidation of cysteine, where the thiol group is completely oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Cysteate is further metabolized via 3-sulfolactic acid and converted to pyruvate and sulfite/bisulfite.

The enzyme L-cysteate sulfolyase catalyzes this conversion.
Cysteate is the biosynthetic precursor of taurine in microalgae.
In contrast, most taurine in animals is made from cysteine ​​sulfinic acid.

Fmoc-L-Cysteate is an Fmoc protected cysteine derivative potentially useful for proteomics studies, and solid phase peptide synthesis techniques.
Cysteine is versatile amino acid involved with many biological processes, including the formation of disulfide bonds - a critical component of protein structure.
This compound could be useful as an unusual amino acid analog to aid in the deconvolution of protein structure and function.

Cysteate is an amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.
Cysteate has a role as an animal metabolite.
Cysteate is an alanine derivative, an amino sulfonic acid, a carboxyalkanesulfonic acid, a cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid.

Cysteate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).

Cysteate is a natural product found in Phaseolus vulgaris and Homo sapiens with data available.

Cysteate can be readily oxidized, where the main degradation products are mixed disulfides within one molecule, disulfide cross-links between molecules, and sulfenic, sulfinic, and Cysteate.
Transition metals such as Cu2+ and Fe3+ can catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds.

As an example, human fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) forms dimers as the result of intermolecular disulfides by copper-catalyzed oxidation.
These metal-catalyzed reactions generally can occur without a neighboring thiol group.

In the absence of transition metals the formation of new intramolecular or intermolecular disulfide bridges generally requires a nearby free thiol group that breaks apart the existing native disulfide bridge and then the free thiol can reoxidize to form the disulfide bridge.
Since this reaction requires a free thiol anion (pKa is ∼9) an increase in the solution pH will result in an increase in formation of mixed disulfide.

However, the pKa values for Cysteate can vary depending on the proximity of other ionizing groups in the tertiary structure.
These interactions are primarily electrostatic in nature and since the ionization of these neighboring groups changes with the pH the pKa values of the Cysteate residues will be a function of pH.

As an example, the thiol pKa in papain for the active site Cys 25 has been estimated to be 4.1 at pH 6 and 8.4 at pH 9.
This observation suggests that at pH 6 there is a His residue with positive charge in close proximity to Cysteate 25, whereas at pH 9 the electrostatic interactions are dominated by close negatively charged residues such as Asp or Glu residues.

The effects of local electrostatic environments on thiol pKa values and disulfide exchange have been discussed by Snyder, Cennerazzo, Karalis, and Field (1981).
Ion pairing with His residues has also been proposed for the decrease in the Cys pKa values.

Cysteate has been used to couple to hydrophobic labels like Cyanine and Rhodamine dyes and other hydrophobic residues to increase their solubility in water.
As di- or tripeptide a further increase of hydrophilicity can be achieved

Cysteate has been used to couple to hydrophobic labels like Cyanine and Rhodamine dyes and other hydrophobic residues to increase their solubility in water.
As di- or tripeptide a further increase of hydrophilicity can be achieved.

Cysteate can be coupled in SPPS by standard phosphoniumor uranium-based coupling reagents.
In high throughput technologies for DNA sequencing and genomics charge-modified dye-labelled
dideoxynucleoside-5’-triphosphates were synthesized for “direct-load” applications in DNA.

L-Cysteine and L-Cysteate were synthesized by paired eletrolysis method.
A high purity over 98% and high yield over 90% of both products were gained.

When current density was 7 A/dm2 and concentration of L-cysteine was 0.6 mol/dm3, the highest current efficiency of anode and cathode was achieved.
Total current efficiency was over 180%.

The cyclic voltammetry behaviors of hydrobromic acid and cystine showed that a typical EC reaction took place in the anodic cell.
The anode reaction and successive chemical reaction accelerated each other to get a high speed and current efficiency.

L-Cysteate is the L-enantiomer of Cysteate.
Cysteate has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite.

Cysteate is a Cysteate, an amino sulfonic acid, a L-alanine derivative, a L-cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid.
Cysteate is a conjugate acid of a L-cysteate(1-).

L-Cysteate is a beta-sulfoalanine.
Cysteate is an amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Cysteate occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Uses of Cysteate:
An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Cysteate occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Application of Cysteate:
Internal standard for amino acid analysis.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Cysteate:
L-Cysteate is a sulfur containing aspartate analogue that may be used as a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial aspartate: alanine antiporter (AspT) exchange of aspartate and in other aspartate biological systems.
L-Cysteate is used in monomeric surfactant development.

L-Cysteate is an oxidation product of Cysteine.
L-Cysteate, an analogue of cysteine sulfinic acid, may be used in studies of excitatory amino acids in the brain, such as those that bind to cysteine sulfinic acid receptors.
L-Cysteate is a useful agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Cysteate:

Human Metabolite Information:

Cellular Locations:
Mitochondria

Handling and storage of Cysteate:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 11: Combustible Solids

Stability and reactivity of Cysteate:

Reactivity:

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Cysteate is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

First aid measures of Cysteate:

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

Firefighting measures of Cysteate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Cysteate no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Cysteate:
Carbon oxides
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides
Combustible.

Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Cysteate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid inhalation of dusts.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.

Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.

Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Identifiers of Cysteate:
CAS Number:
13100-82-8 (D/L)
35554-98-4 (D)
498-40-8 (L)

ChEBI: CHEBI:17285
ChemSpider: 65718
DrugBank: DB03661
ECHA InfoCard: 100.265.539
EC Number: 207-861-3
MeSH: Cysteic+acid
PubChem CID: 25701

UNII:
A3OGP4C37W (D/L)
YWB11Z1XEI (D)
M6W2DJ6N5K (L)

CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID40862048
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
Key: XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-REOHCLBHSA-N
InChI=1/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
SMILES: C(C(C(=O)O)N)S(=O)(=O)O

Synonym(s): (R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropionic acid
Linear Formula: HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H·H2O
CAS Number: 23537-25-9
Molecular Weight: 187.17
Beilstein: 3714036
MDL number: MFCD00149544
PubChem Substance ID: 24858207
NACRES: NA.26

CAS: 498-40-8
Molecular Formula: C3H7NO5S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.15
MDL Number: MFCD00007524
InChI Key: XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYNA-N
PubChem CID: 72886
ChEBI: CHEBI:17285
IUPAC Name: 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid
SMILES: NC(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O

Properties of Cysteate:
Chemical formula: C3H7NO5S
Molar mass: 169.15 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals or powder
Melting point: Decomposes around 272 °C
Solubility in water: Soluble

Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99.0% (T)
form: powder or crystals
optical activity: [α]20/D +7.5±0.5°, c = 5% in H2O
technique(s): LC/MS: suitable
color: white to faint yellow
mp: 267 °C (dec.) (lit.)
solubility: H2O: soluble
application(s): peptide synthesis
SMILES string: [H]O[H].N[C@@H](CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C3H7NO5S.H2O/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9;/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9);1H2/t2-;/m0./s1
InChI key: PCPIXZZGBZWHJO-DKWTVANSSA-N

Molecular Weight: 169.16 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -4.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 169.00449350 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 169.00449350 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 126Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 214
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Cysteate:
Color: White
Quantity: 1 g
Formula Weight: 169.15
Percent Purity: ≥98.0% (T)
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: L-Cysteic Acid

Related Products of Cysteate:
(R)-(-)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol
(R)-(+)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester
[2R-[2a,6a,7b(R*)]]-7-[[[[(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]amino]phenylacetyl]amino]-3-methylene-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2-carboxylic Acid 5-Oxide
(S)-4',7-Dimethyl Equol
(3a'R,4'S,5'S,6a'S)-5'-[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]hexahydro-N-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]-5,5-dimethyl-spiro[1,3-dioxane-2,2'(1'H)-pentalene]-4'-carboxamide

Names of Cysteate:

IUPAC name:
(R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid

Regulatory process names:
L-cysteic acid
L-cysteic acid

Other names:
3-Sulfo-l-alanine

Other identifiers:
498-40-8
CYSTEIC ACID
Cysteic acid is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Cysteic acid, also known as cysteate or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
Cysteic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

CAS Number: 498-40-8
EC Number: 207-861-3
Molecular Formula: C3H7NO5S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.15

Synonyms: Cysteic Acid, 3-Sulfoalanine, DL-CYSTEIC ACID, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, 13100-82-8, cysteate, beta-Sulfoalanine, Alanine, 3-sulfo-, 3024-83-7, Cysteinic acid, Cepteic acid, Cipteic acid, Cysteric acid, A3OGP4C37W, CHEBI:21260, Cysteinesulfonate, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoate, L-Cysteate, UNII-A3OGP4C37W, cysteinsaure, Cepteate, Cipteate, Cysterate, NSC 254030, NSC-254030, L-Cysteic acid, 8, 3-Sulfoalanine, (L)-, 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionate, CYSTEIC ACID [MI], CYSTEIC ACID, DL-, CHEMPACIFIC41266, SCHEMBL44030,m2-amino-3-sulfopro-panoic acid, CHEMBL1171434, 2-azanyl-3-sulfo-propanoic acid, BDBM85473, DTXSID40862048, XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N, BBL100099, MFCD00065088, NSC254030, STL301905, AKOS005174455, 3-Sulfoalanine (H-DL-Cys(O3H)-OH), LS-04435, FT-0627746, FT-0655399, FT-0683826, C-9550, EN300-717791, A820275, Q2823250, Z1198149799, InChI=1/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9, 13100-82-8 [RN], 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, 3024-83-7 [RN], 3-Sulfoalanin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Sulfoalanine [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Sulfoalanine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], A3OGP4C37W, a-Amino-b-sulfopropionic Acid, Alanine, 3-sulfo- [ACD/Index Name], CYA, Cysteic Acid, Cysteic acid (VAN), CYSTEIC ACID, D-, CYSTEIC ACID, DL-, CYSTEIC ACID, L-, DL-cysteic acid, L-Cysteic Acid, UNII:A3OGP4C37W, α-amino-β-sulfopropionic acid, 2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoate [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionate, Cepteate, Cipteate, Cysteinesulfonate, Cysterate, (R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, (S)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, [13100-82-8] [RN], 207-861-3 [EINECS], 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionic acid, 35554-98-4 [RN], 3-Sulfoalanine, (L)-, 3-sulfoalanine|alanine, 3-sulfo-, Alanine, 3-sulfo-, L-, C-9550, Cepteic acid, Cipteic acid, cysteate, cysteinate, cysteine sulfonic acid, CYSTEINESULFONIC ACID, Cysteinic acid, Cysteins??ure, Cysteric acid, DL-CYSTEICACID, L-Alanine, 3-sulfo- [ACD/Index Name], L-Cysteate, L-Cysteic acid, 8, MFCD00007524, MFCD00065088 [MDL number], β-Sulfoalanine

Cysteic acid also known as 3-sulfo-l-alanine is the organic compound with the formula HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.
Cysteic acid is often referred to as cysteate, which near neutral pH takes the form −O3SCH2CH(NH3+)CO2−.

Cysteic acid is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Cysteic acid is further metabolized via 3-sulfolactate, which converts to pyruvate and sulfite/bisulfite.
The enzyme L-cysteate sulfo-lyase catalyzes this conversion.

Cysteate is a biosynthetic precursor to taurine in microalgae.
By contrast, most taurine in animals is made from cysteine sulfinate.

Cysteic acid and cysteine sulfinic acid (metabolic intermediates from taurine biosynthesis in the brain) significantly reduce [3H]taurine uptake in cultured neurons, whereas cysteine, isethionic acid, cysteamine, and cystamine exhibit no alterations in taurine transport.

Cysteic acid, also known as cysteate or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.
Cysteic acid is a very strong basic compound (based on Cysteic acid pKa).

Cysteic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Within humans, cysteic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, cysteic acid can be converted into taurine through Cysteic acid interaction with the enzyme cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase.

In addition, cysteic acid can be converted into taurine through Cysteic acid interaction with the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase 1.
In humans, cysteic acid is involved in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.

Cysteic acid, also known as cysteate or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

Cysteic acid is a very strong basic compound (based on Cysteic acid pKa).
Cysteic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

L-cysteic acid is a beta-sulfoalanine.
Cysteic acid is an amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Cysteic acid occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Cysteic acid, also known as 3-sulfo-1-alanine, is an organic compound with the formula HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.
Cysteic acid is often called cysteate, and at near-neutral pH Cysteic acid takes the form -O3SCH2CH(NH3+)CO2-.

An amino acid produced by the oxidation of cysteine, where the thiol group is completely oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Cysteic acid is further metabolized via 3-sulfolactic acid and converted to pyruvate and sulfite/bisulfite.

The enzyme L-cysteate sulfolyase catalyzes this conversion.
Cysteic acid is the biosynthetic precursor of taurine in microalgae.
In contrast, most taurine in animals is made from cysteine ​​sulfinic acid.

Fmoc-L-cysteic acid is an Fmoc protected cysteine derivative potentially useful for proteomics studies, and solid phase peptide synthesis techniques.
Cysteine is versatile amino acid involved with many biological processes, including the formation of disulfide bonds - a critical component of protein structure.
This compound could be useful as an unusual amino acid analog to aid in the deconvolution of protein structure and function.

Cysteic acid is an amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.
Cysteic acid has a role as an animal metabolite.
Cysteic acid is an alanine derivative, an amino sulfonic acid, a carboxyalkanesulfonic acid, a cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid.

Cysteic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).

Cysteic Acid is a natural product found in Phaseolus vulgaris and Homo sapiens with data available.

Cysteic acid can be readily oxidized, where the main degradation products are mixed disulfides within one molecule, disulfide cross-links between molecules, and sulfenic, sulfinic, and Cysteic acid.
Transition metals such as Cu2+ and Fe3+ can catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds.

As an example, human fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) forms dimers as the result of intermolecular disulfides by copper-catalyzed oxidation.
These metal-catalyzed reactions generally can occur without a neighboring thiol group.

In the absence of transition metals the formation of new intramolecular or intermolecular disulfide bridges generally requires a nearby free thiol group that breaks apart the existing native disulfide bridge and then the free thiol can reoxidize to form the disulfide bridge.
Since this reaction requires a free thiol anion (pKa is ∼9) an increase in the solution pH will result in an increase in formation of mixed disulfide.

However, the pKa values for Cysteic acid can vary depending on the proximity of other ionizing groups in the tertiary structure.
These interactions are primarily electrostatic in nature and since the ionization of these neighboring groups changes with the pH the pKa values of the Cysteic acid residues will be a function of pH.

As an example, the thiol pKa in papain for the active site Cys 25 has been estimated to be 4.1 at pH 6 and 8.4 at pH 9.
This observation suggests that at pH 6 there is a His residue with positive charge in close proximity to Cysteic acid 25, whereas at pH 9 the electrostatic interactions are dominated by close negatively charged residues such as Asp or Glu residues.

The effects of local electrostatic environments on thiol pKa values and disulfide exchange have been discussed by Snyder, Cennerazzo, Karalis, and Field (1981).
Ion pairing with His residues has also been proposed for the decrease in the Cys pKa values.

Cysteic acid has been used to couple to hydrophobic labels like Cyanine and Rhodamine dyes and other hydrophobic residues to increase their solubility in water.
As di- or tripeptide a further increase of hydrophilicity can be achieved

Cysteic acid has been used to couple to hydrophobic labels like Cyanine and Rhodamine dyes and other hydrophobic residues to increase their solubility in water.
As di- or tripeptide a further increase of hydrophilicity can be achieved.

Cysteic acid can be coupled in SPPS by standard phosphoniumor uranium-based coupling reagents.
In high throughput technologies for DNA sequencing and genomics charge-modified dye-labelled
dideoxynucleoside-5’-triphosphates were synthesized for “direct-load” applications in DNA.

L-Cysteine and L-cysteic acid were synthesized by paired eletrolysis method.
A high purity over 98% and high yield over 90% of both products were gained.

When current density was 7 A/dm2 and concentration of L-cysteine was 0.6 mol/dm3, the highest current efficiency of anode and cathode was achieved.
Total current efficiency was over 180%.

The cyclic voltammetry behaviors of hydrobromic acid and cystine showed that a typical EC reaction took place in the anodic cell.
The anode reaction and successive chemical reaction accelerated each other to get a high speed and current efficiency.

L-cysteic acid is the L-enantiomer of cysteic acid.
Cysteic acid has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite.

Cysteic acid is a cysteic acid, an amino sulfonic acid, a L-alanine derivative, a L-cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid.
Cysteic acid is a conjugate acid of a L-cysteate(1-).

L-cysteic acid is a beta-sulfoalanine.
Cysteic acid is an amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Cysteic acid occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Uses of Cysteic acid:
An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Cysteic acid occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Application of Cysteic acid:
Internal standard for amino acid analysis.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Cysteic acid:
L-Cysteic acid is a sulfur containing aspartate analogue that may be used as a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial aspartate: alanine antiporter (AspT) exchange of aspartate and in other aspartate biological systems.
L-Cysteic acid is used in monomeric surfactant development.

L-cysteic acid is an oxidation product of Cysteine.
L-Cysteic acid, an analogue of cysteine sulfinic acid, may be used in studies of excitatory amino acids in the brain, such as those that bind to cysteine sulfinic acid receptors.
L-Cysteic acid is a useful agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Cysteic acid:

Human Metabolite Information:

Cellular Locations:
Mitochondria

Handling and storage of Cysteic acid:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 11: Combustible Solids

Stability and reactivity of Cysteic acid:

Reactivity:

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Cysteic acid is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

First aid measures of Cysteic acid:

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

Firefighting measures of Cysteic acid:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Cysteic acid no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Cysteic acid:
Carbon oxides
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides
Combustible.

Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Cysteic acid:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid inhalation of dusts.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.

Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.

Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Identifiers of Cysteic acid:
CAS Number:
13100-82-8 (D/L)
35554-98-4 (D)
498-40-8 (L)

ChEBI: CHEBI:17285
ChemSpider: 65718
DrugBank: DB03661
ECHA InfoCard: 100.265.539
EC Number: 207-861-3
MeSH: Cysteic+acid
PubChem CID: 25701

UNII:
A3OGP4C37W (D/L)
YWB11Z1XEI (D)
M6W2DJ6N5K (L)

CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID40862048
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
Key: XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-REOHCLBHSA-N
InChI=1/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
SMILES: C(C(C(=O)O)N)S(=O)(=O)O

Synonym(s): (R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropionic acid
Linear Formula: HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H·H2O
CAS Number: 23537-25-9
Molecular Weight: 187.17
Beilstein: 3714036
MDL number: MFCD00149544
PubChem Substance ID: 24858207
NACRES: NA.26

CAS: 498-40-8
Molecular Formula: C3H7NO5S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.15
MDL Number: MFCD00007524
InChI Key: XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYNA-N
PubChem CID: 72886
ChEBI: CHEBI:17285
IUPAC Name: 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid
SMILES: NC(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O

Properties of Cysteic acid:
Chemical formula: C3H7NO5S
Molar mass: 169.15 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals or powder
Melting point: Decomposes around 272 °C
Solubility in water: Soluble

Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99.0% (T)
form: powder or crystals
optical activity: [α]20/D +7.5±0.5°, c = 5% in H2O
technique(s): LC/MS: suitable
color: white to faint yellow
mp: 267 °C (dec.) (lit.)
solubility: H2O: soluble
application(s): peptide synthesis
SMILES string: [H]O[H].N[C@@H](CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C3H7NO5S.H2O/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9;/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9);1H2/t2-;/m0./s1
InChI key: PCPIXZZGBZWHJO-DKWTVANSSA-N

Molecular Weight: 169.16 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -4.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 169.00449350 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 169.00449350 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 126Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 214
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Cysteic acid:
Color: White
Quantity: 1 g
Formula Weight: 169.15
Percent Purity: ≥98.0% (T)
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: L-Cysteic Acid

Related Products of Cysteic acid:
(R)-(-)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol
(R)-(+)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester
[2R-[2a,6a,7b(R*)]]-7-[[[[(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]amino]phenylacetyl]amino]-3-methylene-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2-carboxylic Acid 5-Oxide
(S)-4',7-Dimethyl Equol
(3a'R,4'S,5'S,6a'S)-5'-[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]hexahydro-N-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]-5,5-dimethyl-spiro[1,3-dioxane-2,2'(1'H)-pentalene]-4'-carboxamide

Names of Cysteic acid:

IUPAC name:
(R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid

Regulatory process names:
L-cysteic acid
L-cysteic acid

Other names:
3-Sulfo-l-alanine

Other identifiers:
498-40-8
CYSTEIC ACID
CYSTEINE, N° CAS : 52-90-4 / 3374-22-9 - Cystéine, Nom INCI : CYSTEINE, Nom chimique : L-Cysteine, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-158-2 / 222-160-2, Additif alimentaire : E920, Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité, Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface, Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance, Agent bouclant ou lissant (coiffant) : Modifie la structure chimique des cheveux, pour les coiffer dans le style requis, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène
Cystéine
CYSTEINE HCL, N° CAS : 52-89-1, Nom INCI : CYSTEINE HCL, Nom chimique : Cysteine hydrochloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-157-7. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité, Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance , Agent bouclant ou lissant (coiffant) : Modifie la structure chimique des cheveux, pour les coiffer dans le style requis, Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène
Cysteine hydrochloride
CYSTINE, N° CAS : 56-89-3, Nom INCI : CYSTINE, Nom chimique : Cystine, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-296-3, Additif alimentaire : E921, Ses fonctions (INCI): Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité, statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit
CYSTINE
CYSTINE = L-CYSTINE

Cystine is an oxidized dimeric form of the amino acid cysteine.
Cystine functions as an antioxidant, aids in protein synthesis and serves as a link allowing proteins to maintain their 3-D structure.
Furthermore, cystine is a substrate for the cystine-glutamate transport system.

CAS number: 56-89-3
EC number: 200-296-3
Molecular Formula: C6H12N2O4S2
Molar Mass: 240.30 g/mol

Cystine is the oxidized derivative of the amino acid cysteine and has the formula (SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H)2.
Cystine is a white solid that is poorly soluble in water.
As a residue in proteins, cystine serves two functions: a site of redox reactions and a mechanical linkage that allows proteins to retain their three-dimensional structure.

Cystine, a crystalline, sulfur-containing amino acid that is formed from two molecules of the amino acid cysteine.
Cystine can be converted to cysteine by reduction (in this case, the addition of hydrogen).

Discovered in 1810, cystine was not recognized as a component of proteins until 1899, when Cystine was isolated from animal horn.
Cystine is particularly abundant in skeletal and connective tissues and in hair, horn, and wool.

Cystine is not considered one of the 20 amino acids, Cystine is a sulfur-containing derivative obtained from oxidation of cysteine amino acid thiol side chains.
Cystine functions as an antioxidant and protects tissues against radiation and pollution, slowing the aging process.

Cystine also aids protein synthesis.
Cystine is abundant in many proteins of skeletal tissues and skin, and found in insulin and digestive enzymes chromotrypsinogen A, papain, and trypsinogen.

L-cystine is the L-enantiomer of the sulfur-containing amino acid cystine.
Cystine has a role as a flour treatment agent, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an EC 1.2.1.11 (aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor.

Cystine is a cystine, a L-cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid.
Cystine is a conjugate acid of a L-cystine anion.

Cystine is an enantiomer of a D-cystine.
Cystine is a tautomer of a L-cystine zwitterion.

Cystine is the oxidized disulfide form of cysteine (Cys) and is the predominant form of cysteine in the blood due to Cystine greater relative stability.
Cystine is derived from dietary protein and, end formed endogenously from cysteine.

Cystine may be low as a result of dietary protein insufficiency, malabsorption or impaired methionine metabolism.
Supplementation of cystine along with antioxidant nutrients, Nacetylcysteine, or cofactors involved in methionine metabolism may be beneficial.
Cystine and N-acetylcysteine supplementation should be avoided in the presence of intestinal yeast overgrowth and definitely contraindicated for insulin-dependent diabetics.

Cystine is considered one of the most convenient targets for protein modification.
The sulfhydryl side chain of cysteine is considered an active nucleophilic moiety.

Generally speaking, cystines are some of the lowest abundant surface-exposed amino acids.
Cysteine is a more nucleophilic moiety in comparison to the primary amines, and this allows selective modifications of cystines over lysines.

However, surface-exposed cysteines are rarely present on the exterior of the proteins, as they embed their side chain within the hydrophobic region of the protein.
For example, once cysteines are on the surface of exposed proteins, this contributes to the forming of disulfide associations and ultimately to protein aggregation (agglomeration).

This scheme is vital for protein stabilization.
Maleimide chemistries are some of the most common approaches to labeling the side chain of cysteine, as they selectively react with the thiol group.

The maleimide reaction is stable under physiological conditions, while lysines fail to react and the same reaction conditions.
Thiols are recognized in oxidative terms to create disulfide ties.
This oxidative reaction is involved in the cystine-cystine equilibrium, which is pivotal in the configuration of the 3D structure of the proteins, as the reaction conditions are very mild and do not affect the structural stability.

L-Cystine has been used in in vitro cystine solubility assay to identify potential drugs that influence cystine solubility.
Cystine is also used as a supplement of phosphate-buffered saline to slice and wash periprosthetic tissues.

L-Cysteine and Cystine oxidized form L-Cystine are essential amino acids used in cell culture and are present in all chemically defined media formulations.
Both forms can be taken up by most cell lines, including those used in monoclonal antibody production.

L-Cysteine is not only an important building block of biomass and recombinant proteins but also has a range of additional functions.
For example, Cystine is the rate limiting substrate in the biosynthesis of glutathione, which is the main mediator of intracellular redox homeostasis and helps to reduce oxidative stress.

Thus, providing sufficient Cys-equivalents is critical to achieve the best bioprocess performance during the cultivation of cells in serum-free, chemically defined conditions.

L-Cystine is the left-handed enantiomer of the sulphur-containing amino acid, cystine, purified for use in molecular biology and analytical chemistry applications.
L-Cystine is a derivative of the amino acid, cysteine

Cystine is not considered one of the twenty common amino acids, but Cystine has a role as a metabolite in some species
May act as an antioxidant in form and reduce aging, inflammation, and tissue damage

Applications of Cystine:
Cystine is used as an additive to cell culture media
Cystine is Intended for biochemistry applications such as HPLC

Other Applications:
Cell analysis
Peptide synthesis

Uses of Cystine:
Cystine is used as a flavoring agent, dough strengthener, and nutritional supplement for foods.

Cystine may help speed recovery after surgery.
Cystine is an amino acid that is found in digestive enzymes, in the cells of the immune system, in skeletal and connective tissues, skin, and hair.

Hair and skin are 10% to 14% cystine.
Amino acids (AAs) are available as single AAs or in AA combinations.

They also come as part of multivitamins, proteins, and food supplements.
The forms include tablets, fluids, and powders.

Nutritional supplements:
Cysteine supplements are sometimes marketed as anti-aging products with claims of improved skin elasticity.
Cysteine is more easily absorbed by the body than cystine, so most supplements contain cysteine rather than cystine.
N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is better absorbed than other cysteine or cystine supplements.

Drug Indication:
Cystine has been claimed that L-cysteine has anti-inflammatory properties, that Cystine can protect against various toxins, and that Cystine might be helpful in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
More research will have to be done before L-cysteine can be indicated for any of these conditions.

Formation and Reactions of Cystine:

Structure of Cystine:
Cystine is the disulfide derived from the amino acid cysteine.

The conversion can be viewed as an oxidation:
2 HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH + 0.5 O2 → (HO2CCH(NH2)CH2S)2 + H2O

Cystine contains a disulfide bond, two amine groups, and two carboxylic acid groups.
As for other amino acids, the amine and carboxylic acid groups exist is rapid equilibrium with the ammonium-carboxylate tautomer.

The great majority of the literature concerns the l,l-cystine, derived from l-cysteine.
Other isomers include d,d-cystine and the meso isomer d,l-cystine, neither of which is biologically significant.

Occurrence of Cystine:
Cystine is common in many foods such as eggs, meat, dairy products, and whole grains as well as skin, horns and hair.
Cystine was not recognized as being derived of proteins until Cystine was isolated from the horn of a cow in 1899.
Human hair and skin contain approximately 10–14% cystine by mass.

History of Cystine:
Cystine was discovered in 1810 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston, who called Cystine "cystic oxide".
In 1833, the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius named the amino acid "cystine".

The Norwegian chemist Christian J. Thaulow determined, in 1838, the empirical formula of cystine.
In 1884, the German chemist Eugen Baumann found that when cystine was treated with a reducing agent, cystine revealed itself to be a dimer of a monomer which he named "cysteïne".

In 1899, cystine was first isolated from protein (horn tissue) by the Swedish chemist Karl A. H. Mörner (1855-1917).
The chemical structure of cystine was determined by synthesis in 1903 by the German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer.

Redox:
Cystine is formed from the oxidation of two cysteine molecules, which results in the formation of a disulfide bond.
In cell biology, cystine residues (found in proteins) only exist in non-reductive (oxidative) organelles, such as the secretory pathway (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles) and extracellular spaces (e.g., extracellular matrix).
Under reductive conditions (in the cytoplasm, nucleus, etc.) cysteine is predominant. The disulfide link is readily reduced to give the corresponding thiol cysteine.

Typical thiols for this reaction are mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol:
(SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H)2 + 2 RSH → 2 HSCH2CH(NH2)CO2H + RSSR

Because of the facility of the thiol-disulfide exchange, the nutritional benefits and sources of cystine are identical to those for the more-common cysteine.
Disulfide bonds cleave more rapidly at higher temperatures.

Cystine-based disorders:
The presence of cystine in urine is often indicative of amino acid reabsorption defects.
Cystinuria has been reported to occur in dogs.
In humans the excretion of high levels of cystine crystals can be indicative of cystinosis, a rare genetic disease.

Biological Transport of Cystine:
Cystine serves as a substrate for the cystine-glutamate antiporter.
This transport system, which is highly specific for cystine and glutamate, increases the concentration of cystine inside the cell.

In this system, the anionic form of cystine is transported in exchange for glutamate.
Cystine is quickly reduced to cysteine.
Cysteine prodrugs, e.g. acetylcysteine, induce release of glutamate into the extracellular space.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Cystine:
Cysteine is the source of disulfide linkages in proteins and has a role in sulfur transport.
Cystine undergoes rapid oxidation to form cystine at physiological pH.

L-cystine is crucial for oxygen production and low density lipoprotein modification by arterial smooth muscle cells.
Cystine also has a role in the synthesis of glutathione.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Cystine:

Pharmacodynamics of Cystine:
L-Cystine is a covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of cysteine.
Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine.

Cystine is a chemical substance which naturally occurs as a deposit in the urine, and can form a calculus (hard mineral formation) when deposited in the kidney.
The compound produced when two cysteine molecules linked by a disulfide (S-S) bond.

Cystine is required for proper vitamin B6 utilization and is also helpful in the healing of burns and wounds, breaking down mucus deposits in illnesses such as bronchitis as well as cystic fibrosis.
Cysteine also assists in the supply of insulin to the pancreas, which is needed for the assimilation of sugars and starches.
Cystine increases the level of glutathione in the lungs, liver, kidneys and bone marrow, and this may have an anti-aging effect on the body by reducing age-spots etc.

Cystine Mechanism of Action:
Certain conditions, e.g. an acetaminophen overdose, deplete hepatic glutathione and subject the tissues to oxidative stress resulting in loss of cellular integrity.
L-Cystine serves as a major precursor for synthesis of glutathione.

Human Metabolite Information of Cystine:

Tissue Locations:
All Tissues
Placenta

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Related Products of Cystine:
N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(2-(6-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)acetyl)glycine
N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(2-(6-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)acetyl)glycine
N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(2-(4-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetyl)glycine
N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(2-(4-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetyl)glycine
N-(2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)ethyl)-N-(2-(2-(((benzhydryloxy)carbonyl)amino)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-9H-purin-9-yl)acetyl)glycine

Identifiers of Cystine:
CAS Number: 56-89-3
ChEBI: CHEBI:35492
ChEMBL: ChEMBL366563
ChemSpider: 575
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.270
IUPHAR/BPS: 5413
KEGG: C01420
PubChem CID: 67678
UNII: 48TCX9A1VT
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2046418
InChI:
InChI=1S/C6H12N2O4S2/c7-3(5(9)10)1-13-14-2-4(8)6(11)12/h3-4H,1-2,7-8H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12) check
Key: LEVWYRKDKASIDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N check
InChI=1/C6H12N2O4S2/c7-3(5(9)10)1-13-14-2-4(8)6(11)12/h3-4H,1-2,7-8H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)
Key: LEVWYRKDKASIDU-UHFFFAOYAA
SMILES: C(C(C(=O)O)N)SSCC(C(=O)O)N

CAS: 56-89-3
Molecular Formula: C6H12N2O4S2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 240.292
MDL Number: MFCD00064228
InChI Key: LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N
PubChem CID: 67678
ChEBI: CHEBI:16283
SMILES:C(C(C(=O)O)N)SSCC(C(=O)O)N

CAS number: 56-89-3
EC number: 200-296-3
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₂N₂O₄S₂
Molar Mass: 240.30 g/mol
HS Code: 2930 90 13

CAS Number: 56-89-3
Molecular Weight: 240.30
Beilstein: 1728094
EC Number: 200-296-3
MDL number: MFCD00064228
eCl@ss: 32160406
PubChem Substance ID: 24893101
NACRES: NA.26

Synonym(s): (R,R)-3,3′-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionicacid)
Linear Formula: [-SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H]2

Properties of Cystine:
Chemical formula: C6H12N2O4S2
Molar mass: 240.29 g·mol−1

Density: 1.66 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 261 - 262 °C (decomposition)
Bulk density: 300 kg/m3
Solubility: 0.19 g/l insoluble

Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥98% (TLC)
Form: crystalline
Color: white to off-white
mp: >240 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Solubility: 1 M HCl: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
Storage temp.: room temp
SMILES string: N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C6H12N2O4S2/c7-3(5(9)10)1-13-14-2-4(8)6(11)12/h3-4H,1-2,7-8H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t3-,4-/m0/s1
InChI key: LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N

Molecular Weight: 240.3
XLogP3-AA: -6.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 7
Exact Mass: 240.02384922
Monoisotopic Mass: 240.02384922
Topological Polar Surface Area: 177 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 192
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Cystine:
Assay (bromatometric, calculated on dried substance): 99.0 - 101.0 %
Identity (IR-spectrum): passes test
Appearance: white to almost white, fine-crystalline powder
Appearance of solution (100 g/l, hydrochloric acid 2 mol/l): clear and not more intense in color than reference solution Y₇
Spec. rotation (α 20/D, 20 g/l, hydrochloric acid 1 mol/l, previously dried substance): -225 to -215
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 200 ppm
Sulfate (SO₄): ≤ 500 ppm
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 10 ppm
As (Arsenic): ≤ 5 ppm
Ca (Calcium): ≤ 10 ppm
Co (Cobalt): ≤ 5 ppm
Fe (Iron): ≤ 5 ppm
K (Potassium): ≤ 5 ppm
Mg (Magnesium): ≤ 5 ppm
Na (Sodium): ≤ 50 ppm
Pb (Lead): ≤ 5 ppm
Zn (Zinc): ≤ 5 ppm
Ninhydrin - positive substances (LC) (largest single impurity): ≤ 0.2 %
Ninhydrin - positive substances (LC) (Sum of all impurities): ≤ 0.5 %
NH₄ (Ammonium): ≤ 0.01 %
Loss on drying (105 °C; 3 h): ≤ 0.2 %

Ammonium: 200ppm max.
Chloride: 200ppm max.
Chlorine (Cl): 200ppm max.
Heavy Metals (as Pb): 10ppm max.
Assay Percent Range: 99%
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Linear Formula: [-SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H]2
Iron (Fe): 10ppm max.
Beilstein: 04, 507
Loss on Drying: 0.5 % max. (105°C, 3 hrs)
Merck Index: 15, 2779
Packaging: Plastic bottle
Specific Rotation: −209° to −224° (20°C, 589nm) (c=2, 1 M HCl) on dried substance
Sulfate: 300ppm max.
Formula Weight: 240.3
Sulfated Ash: 0.1 % max.
Percent Purity: ≥98.5% (Acid)
Specific Rotation Condition: − 224.00 (20.00°C c=2;1 M HCL dry.sub.)
Quantity: 500g
Chemical Name or Material: L-Cystine

Synonyms of Cystine:
L-cystine
cystine
56-89-3
L-Cystin
L-Dicysteine
beta,beta'-Dithiodialanine
(H-Cys-OH)2
L-Cysteine disulfide
3,3'-Dithiodialanine
1-Cystine
Dicysteine
Cystine acid
Cystine, L-
Cystine (L)-
Cysteine disulfide
Cystin
Alanine, 3,3'-dithiodi-
L-(-)-Cystine
beta,beta'-Dithioalanine, L-
(-)-Cystine
Gelucystine
L-Alanine, 3,3'-dithiobis-
L-alpha-Diamino-beta-dithiolactic acid
Bis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl)disulfide
(R-(R*,R*))-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
beta,beta'-Diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfide
Alanine, 3,3'-dithiobis-
3,3'-Dithiobis-L-alanine
48TCX9A1VT
beta,beta'-Diamino-beta,beta'-dicarboxydiethyldisulfide
(2R,2'R)-3,3'-disulfanediylbis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid), (R-(R*,R*))-
Propanoic acid, 3,3'-dithiobis(2-amino-, (R-(R*,R*))-
CHEBI:16283
NSC-13203
Cystine (L-Cystine)
NSC 13203
(2R)-2-amino-3-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl}propanoic acid
Cystine (VAN)
Cystine [USAN]
Cystin (VAN)
2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoic acid
Cystine,d
(R-(R*,R*))-3,3'-Dithiobis
[R-(R*,R*)]-3,3'-Dithiobis
MFCD00064228
(2R)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid
CAS-56-89-3
CCRIS 5822
(R,R)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionicacid)
Cystine [USAN:INN]
EINECS 200-296-3
[R-(R*,R*)]-3,3'-dithiobis[2-aminopropanoic acid]
UNII-48TCX9A1VT
BRN 1728094
AI3-09064
NCGC00164531-01
IYY
3,3'-Dithiobis
b,b'-Dithiodialanine
L-Cystine (9CI)
Cystine (USAN/INN)
L-Cystine (JP17)
CYSTINE [VANDF]
CYSTINE [INCI]
Bis(beta-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulfide
CYSTINE [INN]
CYSTINE [MI]
CYSTINE [MART.]
L-CYSTINE [FCC]
L-CYSTINE [JAN]
Cystine, L- (8CI)
CYSTINE [USP-RS]
CYSTINE [WHO-DD]
bmse000035
(2R)-2-amino-3-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid
beta,beta'-Dithiobisalanine
EC 200-296-3
S-CYSTEINYL CYSTEINE
SCHEMBL10226
4-04-00-03155 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
L-Cystine, non-animal source
CYSTINE [EP MONOGRAPH]
CHEMBL590540
GTPL5413
DTXSID2046418
(H-Cys-OH)2 (Disulfide bond)
HY-N0394
ZINC1532673
Tox21_112162
CCG-36355
L-Cystine, >=99.7% (TLC)
s4808
Bis(b-amino-b-carboxyethyl) disulfide
Cystine, NIST(R) SRM(R) 143d
AKOS015898645
Tox21_112162_1
AM81644
DB00138
(2R)-2-azanyl-3-[[(2R)-2-azanyl-3-oxidanyl-3-oxidanylidene-propyl]disulfanyl]propanoic acid
Bis(b-amino-beta-carboxyethyl) disulfide
NCGC00166006-01
NCGC00166006-02
AC-11189
AS-12654
D(+)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoate
L-Cystine, >=98% (TLC), crystalline
L-Cystine, BioUltra, >=99.5% (T)
TYROSINE IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]
L-Cystine, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
L-Cystine, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
ACETYLCYSTEINE IMPURITY A (L-CYSTINE)
b,b'-Diamino-b,b'-dicarboxydiethyl disulfide
CS-0008930
D(+)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid
(R,R)-3,3'-dithiobis(2-aminopropanoic acid)
(R,R)-3,3'-Dithiobis(2-aminopropionic Acid)
ACETYLCYSTEINE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
C00491
D03636
EN300-174654
M06021
S-(((R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)thio)cysteine
064C228
Q408626
3,3'-dithiobis[2-amino-[R-(R*,R*)]-Propanoate
2-Amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)dithio]propanoate
L-Cystine, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
3,3'-dithiobis[2-amino-[R-(R*,R*)]-Propanoic acid
Cystine, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Z1269145231
2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoate
2-Amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)dithio]propanoic acid
3,3-DISULFANEDIYLBIS((2R)-2-AMINOPROPANOIC ACID)
DD82F461-3F8F-4624-9E2C-0272A9FA79ED
Cystine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
L-Cystine, Cell Culture Reagent (H-L-Cys(1)-OH.H-L-Cys(1)-OH)
L-Cystine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
L-Cystine, produced by Wacker Chemie AG, Burghausen, Germany, >=98.5%
2079930-29-1
L-Cystine, from non-animal source, meets EP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-101.0%

MeSH Entry Terms of Cystine:
Copper Cystinate
Cystine
L Cystine
L-Cystine
Cystine
CYTOSINE, N° CAS : 71-30-7, Nom INCI : CYTOSINE, Nom chimique : 4-Amino-2(1H)-pyrimidinone, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-749-5. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
CYTOSINE
ZINC STEARATE Stearic acid, zinc salt; Octadecanoic acid, zinc salt; Dermarone; Metallac; Talculin Z; Zinc distearate; Zinc octadecanoate; Zinco stearato (Italian); Zinkdistearat (German); Diestearato de cinc (Spanish); Distéarate de zinc (French cas no:557-05-1
ÇINKO STEARAT 
D – Limonene; 1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene; 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; p-Menth-1,8-diene; Racemic: DL-Limonene; Dipentene cas no: 138-86-3
D – Limonene
D-Limonene; Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (R)-(+)-; (+)-(R)-Limonene; (+)-(4R)-Limonene; (+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene;(R)-(+)-Limonene;Carvene;D-(+)-Limonene;Dipentene;Limonene;Limonene, (+)-;(R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene;Dextro-limonene;(«gamma»)-Carvene;(R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene;p-Mentha-1,8-diene;R(«gamma»)-Limonene;4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene; (R)-Limone CAS NO:5989-27-5
D LIMONENE
D,L-LIMONENE, N° CAS : 138-86-3, Nom INCI : D,L-LIMONENE, Nom chimique : 1,8(9)-p-Menthadiene; p-Mentha-1,8-diene; 1-Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene; dipentene, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-341-0/931-893-3, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques. Noms français :Limonène; LIMONENE (DL-); LIMONENE (MELANGE D'ISOMERES); dipentene; limonene; dl-Limonene (racemic); Limonene 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)CYCLOHEXENE 1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPENYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE 4-ISOPROPENYL-1-METHYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE CAJEPUTENE CINENE CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)- Dipentène DL-1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPENYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE DL-ISOPROPENYL-4 METHYL-1 CYCLOHEXENE DL-LIMONENE ISOPROPENYL-4 METHYL-1 CYCLOHEXENE P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE Noms anglais : 1,8(9)-P-MENTHADIENE DELTA-1,8-TERPODIENE Dipentene DL-P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE INACTIVE LIMONENE Limonene LIMONENE (MIXED ISOMERS) 1,8(9)-p-Menthadiene p-Mentha-1,8-diene 1-metyl-4-(prop-1-én-2-yl)cyklohexén (sk) dipentan (ro) Dipenteen (et) dipenteeni (fi) dipenten (cs) dipentenas (lt) dipentene (it) dipenteno (es) dipentène (fr) dipentén (hu) dipentēns (lv) Limoneen (et) limonen (cs) limonitas (lt) limonén (hu) limonēns (lv) διπεντένιο (el) дипентен (bg) лимонен (bg); (+/-)-Limonene (D) 4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene -Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene 1-methyl-4-isopentyl-1-cyclohexene 1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPENYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE(MAIN COMPONENT) 1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene CYCLOHEXANE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (R) dipentene limonene dipentene, crude dipentene, limonene dipentenelimonene
D,L-LIMONENE ( Limonène)
SynonymsDADMAC;Nsc59284;oride soL;dadmac 65%;Elionfix G conc;(CH2=CHCH2)2N(Cl)(CH3)2;dimethyldiallylaminechloride;DIALLILDIMETILAMMONIOCLORURO;Diallyldimethylammoniumchlorid;Diallyldimethylaminium·chloride CAS No.: 7398-69-8
D-2-CAMPHANONE
d-2-camphanone is a white, waxy organic compound that is incorporated in lotions, ointments, and creams.
d-2-camphanone is also an active ingredient that is integrated into a majority of over-the-counter medications for cold and cough relief.
d-2-camphanone is obtained from d-2-camphanone tree wood, where the extract is processed through steam distillation.

CAS Number: 76-22-2
EC Number: 200-945-0
Molecular Formula: C10H16O
Molecular Weight: 152.23

Synonyms: camphor, DL-Camphor, 76-22-2, 2-Camphanone, 2-Bornanone, (+/-)-Camphor, Bornan-2-one, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, (+)-Camphor, 21368-68-3, Alphanon, Kampfer, D-CAMPHOR, Formosa camphor, Laurel camphor, Matricaria camphor, Camphor, synthetic, Bornane, 2-oxo-, 1,7,7-Trimethylnorcamphor, 464-48-2, Japan camphor, 2-Camphonone, Huile de camphre, 2-Kamfanon, l-(-)-Camphor, DL-Bornan-2-one, 2-Keto-1,7,7-trimethylnorcamphane, Caswell No. 155, D-(+)-Camphor, Norcamphor, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, Zang Qi, Kampfer [German], 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone, HSDB 37, 2-Kamfanon [Czech], DTXSID5030955, CHEBI:36773, Camphor, (1R,4R)-(+)-, 4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one, (1R)-(+)-amphor, Camphor (synthetic), Camphor, (+/-)-, EINECS 200-945-0, EINECS 244-350-4, Huile de camphre [French], UNII-5TJD82A1ET, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 015602, BRN 1907611, BRN 3196099, Alcanfor, SYNTHETIC CAMPHOR, AI3-18783, Japanese camphor, DTXCID3010955, Camphor USP, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptanone, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, d-2-Camphanone, d-2-Bornanone, Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, Camphor (USP), Camphor [USP], (-)-Alcanfor, (1R)-Camphor, camphor, (synthetic), EC 200-945-0, 0-07-00-00135 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 4-07-00-00213 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Camphor Powder, (1RS,4RS)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)-, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)-, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S)-, Formosa, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (.+/-.)-, EINECS 207-355-2, UN2717, (+-)-Camphor, AI3-01698, Camphor, (1R)-Isomer, Camphor, (+-)-Isomer, (+) - bornan - 2 - one, Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S)-, racemic camphor, NSC26351, DisperseYellow3, EINECS 207-354-7, NA2717, NSC 26351, Camphor, natural, bornan-2-on, DL-2-Bornanone, Kamfer (syntetisk), ()-Camphor, Heet (Salt/Mix), dextro,laevo-camphor, Sarna (Salt/Mix), Camphor - Synthetic, (?)-Camphor, bornan - 2 - one, dl-Camphor (JP17), CPO (CHRIS Code), (.+/-.)-Camphor, D0H1QY, UNII-SV6B76DK9N, Camphor Powder - Synthetic, SCHEMBL16068, Camphor, (.+/-.)-, Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1theta)-, MLS001055495, CHEMBL15768, DivK1c_000724, CAMPHOR, (+-)-, GTPL2422, HMS502E06, KBio1_000724, NINDS_000724, HMS2268A06, HMS3885J06, 8008-51-3, HY-N0808, Tox21_200237, BBL012963, LS-126, MFCD00074738, s3851, s4516, STK803534, ( inverted exclamation markA)-Camphor, AKOS000118728, AKOS022060577, AC-5284, CCG-266237, CCG-266238, DB14156, LMPR0102120001, LS-1691, UN 2717, CAS-76-22-2, IDI1_000724, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 015602, NCGC00090681-05, NCGC00090730-01, NCGC00090730-02, NCGC00090730-05, NCGC00257791-01, AC-15523, LS-48718, SMR000386909, VS-03622, (1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylnorbornan-2-one, C1251, CS-0009813, FT-0607017, FT-0607018, FT-0608303, 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanone, EN300-19186, 1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-6-one, C00809, C18369, D00098, E75814, 1,7,7-Trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, Camphor, synthetic [UN2717] [Flammable solid], A838646, Q181559, Biciclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-ona, 1,7,7-trimetil-, Q-200784, W-109539, W-110530, (+/-)-1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-one, F0001-0763, Z104473074, CAMPHOR (SEE ALSO DL-CAMPHOR (21368-68-3) AND D-CAMPHOR (464-49-3)), DL-CAMPHOR (SEE ALSO D-CAMPHOR (464-49-3) AND DL-CAMPHOR (21368-68-3)), CAMPHOR SQUARES SYNTHETIC TECHNICAL, CAMPHOR SYNTHETIC FLAKES, CAMPHOR SYNTHETIC POWDER, CAMPHOR TECH. GRADE, 1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-on, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone (camphor), 1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-on, 1,7,7-trimethyl-norcampho, 2-Bornanone, 2-Camphanonoe, 2-Camphonone, 2-Kamfanon, 2-Keto-1,7,7-trimethylnorcamphane, 2-oxo-bornan, 2-oxobornane, Bicyclo[2,2,1]heptan-2-one,1,7,7-trimethyl-, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, Camphor Ep5, METHYLBENZYLIDENE, CHINESENASALOIL, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptanone, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-Trimethylnorcamphor, 2-CAMPHOR, 2-Camphanone, Bornan-2-one, Caladryl, Camphor, Radian B, DL-CAMPHOR USP, CAMPHOR SPIRITS USP, (±)-Camphor, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, DL-Camphor,98%, DL-Camphor,96%, Ordinary camphor 1,7,7-Trimethyl bicyclo(2,2,1)-2-heptanone, Camphor,(±)-Camphor, 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, (à)-Camphor, DL-CaMphor, 96% 1KG, (+/-)-CaMphor puruM, synthetic, >=95.0% (GC), (+/-)-Camphor meets analytical specification of Ph.Eur., BP, >=95% (GC), racemic, Synthetic camphor powder, refined camphor powder, DL-Camphor for synthesis, Alphanon, Camphor (8CI), CAMPHORATEDMETACRESOL, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one,1,7,7,-trimethyl-,(±)-, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one,1,7,7-trimethyl-, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, Bornane, 2-oxo-, camphanone, camphor,natural, camphor--natural, camphre, component of Campho-phenique, component of Campho-phenique cold sore gel, component of Campho-phenique liquid, component of Heet,

d-2-camphanone has a pungent odor and a strong taste, and d-2-camphanone can be absorbed into the skin easily.
Currently, synthetic d-2-camphanone is extracted from turpentine, and d-2-camphanone is considered safe for use as long as appropriate indications are upheld.

d-2-camphanone was recorded in the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine, such as Pin Hui Jing Yao, Ben Cao Gang Mu, and Sheng Lian Fang.
There has been a long history for traditional Chinese medicine to use d-2-camphanone.

d-2-camphanone is a ketone occurring naturally in the wood of the cam- phor tree (Cinnamomum d-2-camphanonea).
d-2-camphanone is a naturally- occurring white organic compound with a characteristic penetrating odor.
d-2-camphanone is a cyclic compound and a ketone, formerly obtained from the wood of the d-2-camphanone tree but now made synthetically.

d-2-camphanone is used as a platicizer for celluloid and as an insecticide against clothes moths.
d-2-camphanone is a white crystalline cyclicketone.

d-2-camphanone was formerly obtainedfrom the wood of the Formosand-2-camphanone tree, but can now besynthesized.
d-2-camphanone has acharacteristic odour associated withits use in mothballs.

d-2-camphanone is a plasticizerin celluloid.
d-2-camphanone is a colorless or white colored crystalline powder with a strong mothball-like odor.

d-2-camphanone is about the same density as water.
d-2-camphanone is emits flammable vapors above 150°F.
d-2-camphanone is used to make moth proofings, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings.

d-2-camphanone is a waxy, colorless solid with a strong aroma.
d-2-camphanone is classified as a terpenoid and a cyclic ketone.

d-2-camphanone is found in the wood of the d-2-camphanone laurel (Cinnamomum d-2-camphanonea), a large evergreen tree found in East Asia; and in the kapur tree (Dryobalanops sp.), a tall timber tree from South East Asia.
d-2-camphanone also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably Ocotea usambarensis.

Rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis) contain 0.05 to 0.5% d-2-camphanone, while d-2-camphanoneweed (Heterotheca) contains some 5%.
A major source of d-2-camphanone in Asia is d-2-camphanone basil (the parent of African blue basil).
d-2-camphanone can also be synthetically produced from oil of turpentine.

d-2-camphanone is chiral, existing in two possible enantiomers as shown in the structural diagrams.
The structure on the left is the naturally occurring (+)-d-2-camphanone ((1R,4R)-bornan-2-one), while d-2-camphanone mirror image shown on the right is the (−)-d-2-camphanone ((1S,4S)-bornan-2-one).
d-2-camphanone has few uses but is of historic significance as a compound that is readily purified from natural sources.

Both optical isomers are found widely in nature, with (+)-d-2-camphanone being the more abundant.
d-2-camphanone is, for example, the main component of oils obtained from the d-2-camphanone tree C. d-2-camphanonea.

d-2-camphanone is produced by fractional distillation and crystallization of d-2-camphanone oil or, synthetically, by dehydrogenation of isoborneol over a copper catalyst.
Due to d-2-camphanone characteristic penetrating, slightly minty odor, d-2-camphanone is only used in perfuming industrial products.

d-2-camphanone is far more important as a plasticizer.
d-2-camphanone, C1oH160, also known as Camphor, Japan d-2-camphanone, laurel d-2-camphanone, Formosa d-2-camphanone and gumd-2-camphanone is a terpene ketone.

d-2-camphanone is colourless solid with a characteristic odour that is obtained from the wood and bark of the d-2-camphanone tree and is soluble in water and alcohol.
d-2-camphanone has two optically active forms (dextro and levo) and an optically inactive mixture (racemic) of these two forms.

d-2-camphanone is used in pharmaceuticals,in disinfectants, in explosives,and to harden nitrocellulose plastics.
d-2-camphanone is colorless to white, flammable granules, crystals or waxy semi-solid with a strong, penetrating, fragrant or aromatic odor.
d-2-camphanone is odor threshold concentration is 0.27 ppm.

d-2-camphanone is a white, waxy organic compound that is incorporated in lotions, ointments, and creams.
d-2-camphanone is also an active ingredient that is integrated into a majority of over-the-counter medications for cold and cough relief.

d-2-camphanone oil is obtained from d-2-camphanone tree wood, where the extract is processed through steam distillation.
d-2-camphanone has a pungent odor and a strong taste, and d-2-camphanone can be absorbed into the skin easily.
Currently, synthetic d-2-camphanone is extracted from turpentine, and d-2-camphanone is considered safe for use as long as appropriate indications are upheld.

d-2-camphanone is a waxy, flammable, transparent solid with a strong aroma.
d-2-camphanone is a terpenoid with the chemical formula C10H16O.

d-2-camphanone is found in the wood of the d-2-camphanone laurel (Cinnamomum d-2-camphanonea), a large evergreen tree found in East Asia; and in the related kapur tree (Dryobalanops sp.), a tall timber tree from South East Asia.
d-2-camphanone also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably Ocotea usambarensis.

Rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis) contain 0.05 to 0.5% d-2-camphanone, while d-2-camphanoneweed (Heterotheca) contains some 5%.
A major source of d-2-camphanone in Asia is d-2-camphanone basil (the parent of African blue basil).
d-2-camphanone can also be synthetically produced from oil of turpentine.

The molecule has two possible enantiomers as shown in the structural diagrams.
The structure on the left is the naturally occurring (+)-d-2-camphanone ((1R,4R)-bornan-2-one), while d-2-camphanone mirror image shown on the right is the (−)-d-2-camphanone ((1S,4S)-bornan-2-one).

d-2-camphanone is used for its scent, as an embalming fluid, as topical medication, as a manufacturing chemical, and in religious ceremonies.

Uses of d-2-camphanone:
d-2-camphanone has a wide range of uses based on d-2-camphanone anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial properties.
d-2-camphanone can be used for the treatment of certain skin conditions, enhance respiratory function and as a pain reliever.

d-2-camphanone may also be indicated for the treatment of low libido, muscle spasms, anxiety, depression, flatulence, and poor blood circulation, corns, symptoms of heart disease, cold sores, earaches, acne, and hair loss.
d-2-camphanone is considered effective for coughs, pain, skin irritation or itching relief, and osteoarthritis.
However, there is insufficient evidence that reinforces d-2-camphanone effectiveness as a treatment for hemorrhoids, warts, and low blood pressure and as a remedy for insect bites.

d-2-camphanone is used as a plasticizer for celluloseesters and ethers; in the manufacture ofplastics and cymene; in cosmetics, lacquers, medicine, explosives, and pyrotechnics; andas a moth repellent.

Physical uses:
The sublimating capability of d-2-camphanone gives d-2-camphanone several uses.

Plastics:
The first significant manmade plastics were low-nitrogen (or "soluble") nitrocellulose (pyroxylin) plastics.
In the early decades of the plastics industry, d-2-camphanone was used in immense quantities as the plasticizer that creates celluloid from nitrocellulose, in nitrocellulose lacquers and other plastics and lacquers.

Pest deterrent and preservative:
d-2-camphanone is believed to be toxic to insects and is thus sometimes used as a repellent.
d-2-camphanone is used as an alternative to mothballs.
d-2-camphanone crystals are sometimes used to prevent damage to insect collections by other small insects.

d-2-camphanone is kept in clothes used on special occasions and festivals, and also in cupboard corners as a cockroach repellent.
The smoke of d-2-camphanone crystal or d-2-camphanone incense sticks can be used as an environmentally-friendly mosquito repellent.

Recent studies have indicated that d-2-camphanone essential oil can be used as an effective fumigant against red fire ants, as d-2-camphanone affects the attacking, climbing, and feeding behavior of major and minor workers.

d-2-camphanone is also used as an antimicrobial substance.
In embalming, d-2-camphanone oil was one of the ingredients used by ancient Egyptians for mummification.

Solid d-2-camphanone releases fumes that form a rust-preventative coating and is therefore stored in tool chests to protect tools against rust.

Perfume:
In the ancient Arab world, d-2-camphanone was a common perfume ingredient.
The Chinese referred to the best d-2-camphanone as "dragon's brain perfume," due to d-2-camphanone "pungent and portentous aroma" and "centuries of uncertainty over d-2-camphanone provenance and mode of origin."

Culinary uses:
One of the earliest known recipes for ice cream dating to the Tang dynasty includes d-2-camphanone as an ingredient.
d-2-camphanone was used to flavor leavened bread in ancient Egypt.

In ancient and medieval Europe, d-2-camphanone was used as an ingredient in sweets.
d-2-camphanone was used in a wide variety of both savory and sweet dishes in medieval Arabic language cookbooks, such as al-Kitab al-abikh compiled by ibn Sayyâr al-Warrâq in the 10th century.
d-2-camphanone also was used in sweet and savory dishes in the Ni'matnama, according to a book written in the late 15th century for the sultans of Mandu.

Medicinal uses:
d-2-camphanone is commonly applied as a topical medication as a skin cream or ointment to relieve itching from insect bites, minor skin irritation, or joint pain.
d-2-camphanone is absorbed in the skin epidermis, where d-2-camphanone stimulates nerve endings sensitive to heat and cold, producing a warm sensation when vigorously applied, or a cool sensation when applied gently.
The action on nerve endings also induces a slight local analgesia.

d-2-camphanone is also used as an aerosol, typically by steam inhalation, to inhibd-2-camphanone coughing and relieve upper airway congestion due to the common cold.

In high doses, d-2-camphanone produces symptoms of irritability, disorientation, lethargy, muscle spasms, vomiting, abdominal cramps, convulsions, and seizures.
Lethal doses in adults are in the range 50–500 mg/kg (orally).
Generally, two grams cause serious toxicity and four grams are potentially lethal.

d-2-camphanone has limited use in veterinary medicine as a respiratory stimulant for horses.
d-2-camphanone was used by Ladislas J. Meduna to induce seizures in schizophrenic patients.

Traditional medicine:
d-2-camphanone has been used in traditional medicine over centuries, probably most commonly as a decongestant.
d-2-camphanone was used in ancient Sumatra to treat sprains, swellings, and inflammation.

d-2-camphanone also was used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine for various purposes.
d-2-camphanone has also been used in India since ancient times.

Consumer Uses:
Air care products
Cleaning and furnishing care products
Laundry and dishwashing products
Non-TSCA use
Paper products
Personal care products
Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

Uses Areas of d-2-camphanone:
Agent for soaking up liquid
Adhesion of molecules to a surface
Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets
Products used on crops, or related to the growing of crops
Air cleaners and anti-odor agents, air purifiers, air conditioners, air filters, general air care products
Antifreezing agents, or de-icing products
Related to food and beverage service activities
Modifier used for chemical, when chemical is used in a laboratory
Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc; modifiers included when specific information is known, such as drycleaning, laundry, soap, window/floor, etc
Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs
Related to carpets/rugs, the manufacturing of carpets, carpet detergents
Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
Pharmaceutical related
Stain and spot removers
Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing
Veterinary activities or veterinary drugs
Explosives and pyrotechnics
Laundry products (such as cleaning/washing agents), or laundry facilities
Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption
Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc
General flavoring agents used in foods, including condiments and seasonings
Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food
Residues found in food, typically from drugs or pesticides
Fragrances or odor agents, can be used in home products (cleaners, laundry products, air fresheners) or similar industrial products
Related to the activity of hunting
Home air fresheners
Generic lubricants, lubricants for engines, brake fluids, oils, etc
Non-metallic mineral products and their manufacture
Personal care products, including cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, soaps, lotions, toothpastes, etc
Fragrance used as a personal care product

Properties of d-2-camphanone:

Chemical Properties:
Both optical isomers are found widely in nature, with (+)-d-2-camphanone being the more abundant.
d-2-camphanone is, for example, the main component of oils obtained from the d-2-camphanone tree C. d-2-camphanonea.

d-2-camphanone is produced by fractional distillation and crystallization of d-2-camphanone oil or, synthetically, by dehydrogenation of isoborneol over a copper catalyst.
Due to d-2-camphanone characteristic penetrating, slightly minty odor, d-2-camphanone is only used in perfuming industrial products.
d-2-camphanone is far more important as a plasticizer.

d-2-camphanone, C1oH160, also known as Camphor, Japan d-2-camphanone, laurel d-2-camphanone,Formosa d-2-camphanone,and gumd-2-camphanone,is a terpene ketone.
d-2-camphanone is colourless solid with a characteristic odour that is obtained from the wood and bark of the d-2-camphanone tree and is soluble in water and alcohol.

d-2-camphanone has two optically active forms (dextro and levo) and an optically inactive mixture (racemic) of these two forms.
d-2-camphanone is used in pharmaceuticals,in disinfectants, in explosives,and to harden nitrocellulose plastics.
d-2-camphanone is a colorless glassy solid.

Physical properties:
Colorless to white, flammable granules, crystals or waxy semi-solid with a strong, penetrating, fragrant or aromatic odor.
Odor threshold concentration is 0.27 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983).

Pharmacology of d-2-camphanone:
d-2-camphanone is a parasympatholytic agent which acts as a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist at nAChRs.

d-2-camphanone is toxic to human.
Overdose of d-2-camphanone can cause irritability, drowsiness, muscle spasms, vomiting, convulsions, epilepsy, and other symptoms.

The lethal dose of d-2-camphanone is 50–500 mg/kg (oral administration).
In general, 2 g of d-2-camphanone can cause serious toxicity, and 4 g of d-2-camphanone will produce fatal toxicity.

d-2-camphanone can cause a cold sensation similar to mint when applied to human skin.

In addition, d-2-camphanone has a slightly local anesthetic effect.
d-2-camphanone can act on the gastrointestinal mucosa to produce a certain degree of stimulating effect.

An appropriate dose of d-2-camphanone can make people feel warm and comfortable in the stomach, but high dose of d-2-camphanone will cause nausea and vomiting reaction.
The effect of d-2-camphanone on the central nervous system is obvious.

d-2-camphanone can act on the motor area of cerebral cortex and brain stem to produce the epilepsy-like seizures.
d-2-camphanone is generally believed that d-2-camphanone may have some therapeutic effects on patients with acute heart failure or recurrent collapse.

A low dose (50 mg) may treat mild heart fatigue and other illnesses.
The oxidized d-2-camphanone metabolite has a more obvious cardiotonic, hypertensive, and respiratory excitement effects.

d-2-camphanone can be absorbed by the body after oral administration easily through the mucous, subcutaneous, and muscle.
The in vivo metabolism of d-2-camphanone occurs mainly in the liver.

d-2-camphanone is firstly oxidized into d-2-camphanoneol and then goes through phase II metabolism to produce glucuronide conjugate with glucuronic acid.
Finally, the vast majority of glucuronide conjugate is excreted from the urine.

Dosage:
The topical dose of d-2-camphanone is 3-11% as an ointment.
For skin irritation, itching and pain, 3-11% of the ointment should be applied to the skin 3-4times per day.

For coughs and cold relief, a dense layer of 4.7-5.3% of d-2-camphanone ointment can be spread evenly onto the chest.
For Osteoarthritis, a topical combination comprising 32mg/g of d-2-camphanone, 50mg/g of chondroitin sulfate, and 30mg/g of glucosamine sulfate can be applied based on one’s requirements for about 8 weeks.

To relieve respiratory congestion through inhalation, 1 tablespoon of d-2-camphanone for every quart of water should be placed in a vaporizer 3 times per day.
The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that d-2-camphanone should not exceed 11% for topical products and disqualifies the oral use of d-2-camphanone in children as d-2-camphanone may result in toxicity and death.

dl-d-2-camphanone is used as a plasticizer for celluloseesters and ethers; in the manufacture ofplastics and cymene; in cosmetics, lacquers,medicine, explosives, and pyrotechnics; andas a moth repellent.
d-2-camphanone is credited with anesthetic, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, cooling, and refreshing properties, and thought to be slightly stimulating to blood circulation and function.

Once absorbed by the subcutaneous tissue, d-2-camphanone combines in the body with glucoronic acid and is released through the urine.
d-2-camphanone is effective for oily and acne skin treatment, and has a scent similar to eucalyptus.

In high concentrations, d-2-camphanone can be an irritant and numb the peripheral sensory nerves.
Natural d-2-camphanone is derived from an evergreen tree indigenous to Asia, although now d-2-camphanone synthetic substitute is often used.

Manufacturing Methods of d-2-camphanone:
Steam distillation of d-2-camphanone-tree wood and crystallization.
d-2-camphanone is called natural d-2-camphanone and is dextrorotatory.
Synthetic d-2-camphanone, most of which is optically inactive, may be made from pinene, which is converted into camphene; by treatment with acetic acid and nitrobenzene d-2-camphanone becomes d-2-camphanone, turpentine oil is also used.

Natural d-2-camphanone is obtained by distillation from the plants of Cinnamomum or Laurus d-2-camphanonea from China and Japan, together with corresponding essential oils; the raw d-2-camphanone contains several impurities.
d-2-camphanone is separated from the water and the essential oil by pressure or by centrifugation and subsequently purified by sublimation or crystallization.

Production of d-2-camphanone:

Natural d-2-camphanone:
d-2-camphanone has been produced as a forest product for centuries, condensed from the vapor given off by the roasting of wood chips cut from the relevant trees, and later by passing steam through the pulverized wood and condensing the vapors.
By the early 19th century most d-2-camphanone tree reserves had been depleted with the remaining large stands in Japan and Taiwan, with Taiwanese production greatly exceeding Japanese.
d-2-camphanone was one of the primary resources extracted by Taiwan's colonial powers as well as one of the most lucrative.

First the Chinese and then the Japanese established monopolies on Taiwanese d-2-camphanone.
In 1868, a British naval force sailed into Anping harbor and the local British representative demanded the end of the Chinese d-2-camphanone monopoly.

After the local imperial representative refused, the British bombarded the town and took the harbor.
The "d-2-camphanone regulations" negotiated between the two sides subsequently saw a brief end to the d-2-camphanone monopoly.

Synthetic d-2-camphanone:
d-2-camphanone is produced from alpha-pinene, which is abundant in the oils of coniferous trees and can be distilled from turpentine produced as a side product of chemical pulping.
With acetic acid as the solvent and with catalysis by a strong acid, alpha-pinene is converted to isobornyl acetate.

Hydrolysis of this ester gives isoborneol which can be oxidized to give racemic d-2-camphanone.
By contrast, d-2-camphanone occurs naturally as D-d-2-camphanone, the (R)-enantiomer.

Etymology of d-2-camphanone:
The word d-2-camphanone derives from the French word camphre, itself from Latin: camfora, from Arabic: كافور‎, romanized: kafur, from Malay: kapur, perhaps via Sanskrit: कर्पुरम्, romanized: karpuram.

d-2-camphanone has been in burnt as an offering to Hindu deities as since ancient times and is known in India as "karpoora aarathi".

In Old Malay d-2-camphanone is known as kapur Barus, which means "the chalk of Barus".
Barus was an ancient port located near modern Sibolga on the western coast of Sumatra.

This port traded in d-2-camphanone extracted from the d-2-camphanone trees (Cinnamonum d-2-camphanonea) that were abundant in the region.
Even now Indonesians refer to aromatic naphthalene balls and moth balls as kapur Barus.

History of d-2-camphanone:
The research and development process of d-2-camphanone has gone through from the natural product extraction to the modern chemical drug synthesis.
For a long time, the Chinese extracted d-2-camphanone mainly from d-2-camphanone tree (Cinnamomum d-2-camphanonea), root bark of bodinier cinnamon, and Yunnan d-2-camphanone tree.

With the development of chemical industry, human beings started to use chemical synthesis methods to obtain a large amount of d-2-camphanone.
At present, the chemical synthesis process of d-2-camphanone in China has been well developed.

The synthetic d-2-camphanone is divided into industrial and pharmaceutical grades.
The industrial grade d-2-camphanone has a content of up to 96% or higher, and the pharmaceutical grade d-2-camphanone with high purity can meet the standard of pharmacopeia.

Production History:
d-2-camphanone has been produced as a forest product for centuries, condensed from the vapor given off by the roasting of wood chips cut from the relevant trees, and later by passing steam through the pulverized wood and condensing the vapors.
By the early 19th century most d-2-camphanone tree reserves had been depleted with the remaining large stands in Japan and Taiwan with Taiwanese production greatly exceeding Japanese.

d-2-camphanone was one of the primary resources extracted by Taiwan’s colonial powers as well as one of the most lucrative.
First the Chinese and then the Japanese established monopolies on Taiwanese d-2-camphanone.

In 1868 a British naval force sailed into Anping harbor and the local British representative demanded the end of the Chinese d-2-camphanone monopoly, after the local Qing representative refused the British bombarded the town and took the harbor.
The "d-2-camphanone regulations” negotiated between the two sides subsequently saw a brief end to the d-2-camphanone monopoly.

When d-2-camphanone use in the nascent chemical industries (discussed below) greatly increased the volume of demand in the late 19th century, potential for changes in supply and in price followed.
In 1911 Robert Kennedy Duncan, an industrial chemist and educator, related that the Imperial Japanese government had recently (1907–1908) tried to monopolize the production of natural d-2-camphanone as a forest product in Asia but that the monopoly was prevented by the development of the total synthesis alternatives, which began in "purely academic and wholly uncommercial" form with Gustav Komppa's first report "but d-2-camphanone sealed the fate of the Japanese monopoly.

For no sooner was d-2-camphanone accomplished than d-2-camphanone excited the attention of a new army of investigators—the industrial chemists.
The patent offices of the world were soon crowded with alleged commercial syntheses of d-2-camphanone, and of the favored processes companies were formed to explod-2-camphanone them, factories resulted, and in the incredibly short time of two years after d-2-camphanone academic synthesis artificial d-2-camphanone, every whd-2-camphanone as good as the natural product, entered the markets of the world.

And yet artificial d-2-camphanone does not—and cannot—displace the natural product to an extent sufficient to ruin the d-2-camphanone-growing industry.
d-2-camphanone sole present and probable future function is to act as a permanent check to monopolization, to act as a balance-wheel to regulate prices within reasonable limits."

This ongoing check on price growth was confirmed in 1942 in a monograph on DuPont's history, where William S. Dutton said, "Indispensable in the manufacture of pyroxylin plastics, natural d-2-camphanone imported from Formosa and selling normally for about 50 cents a pound, reached the high price of $3.75 in 1918 [amid the global trade disruption and high explosives demand that World War I created].
The organic chemists at DuPont replied by synthesizing d-2-camphanone from the turpentine of Southern pine stumps, with the result that the price of industrial d-2-camphanone sold in carload lots in 1939 was between 32 cents and 35 cents a pound."

The background of Gustaf Komppa's synthesis was as follows.
In the 19th century, d-2-camphanone was known that nitric acid oxidizes d-2-camphanone into d-2-camphanoneic acid.

Haller and Blanc published a semisynthesis of d-2-camphanone from d-2-camphanoneic acid.
Although they demonstrated d-2-camphanone structure, they were unable to prove d-2-camphanone.

The first complete total synthesis of d-2-camphanoneic acid was published by Komppa in 1903.
d-2-camphanone inputs were diethyl oxalate and 3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid, which reacted by Claisen condensation to yield diketod-2-camphanoneic acid.

Methylation with methyl iodide and a complicated reduction procedure produced d-2-camphanoneic acid.
William Perkin published another synthesis a short time later.
Previously, some organic compounds (such as urea) had been synthesized in the laboratory as a proof of concept, but d-2-camphanone was a scarce natural product with a worldwide demand.

Komppa realized this.
He began industrial production of d-2-camphanone in Tainionkoski, Finland, in 1907 (with plenty of competition, as Kennedy Duncan reported).

d-2-camphanone can be produced from alpha-pinene, which is abundant in the oils of coniferous trees and can be distilled from turpentine produced as a side product of chemical pulping.
With acetic acid as the solvent and with catalysis by a strong acid, alpha-pinene readily rearranges into camphene, which in turn undergoes Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement into the isobornyl cation, which is captured by acetate to give isobornyl acetate.

Hydrolysis into isoborneol followed by oxidation gives racemic d-2-camphanone.
By contrast, d-2-camphanone occurs naturally as D-d-2-camphanone, the (R)-enantiomer.

Fire Hazard of d-2-camphanone:
d-2-camphanone is flammable/combustible material.
d-2-camphanone may be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames.

d-2-camphanone is some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect.
d-2-camphanone is powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence.

d-2-camphanone may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above d-2-camphanone flash point.
d-2-camphanone may re-ignite after fire is extinguished.

Identifiers of d-2-camphanone:
CAS Number:
76-22-2
464-49-3 (R)
464-48-2 (S)

3DMet: B04902
Beilstein Reference: 1907611
ChEBI: CHEBI:36773
ChEMBL: ChEMBL504760

ChemSpider:
2441
7822160 (R)
9655 (S)

DrugBank: DB01744
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.860
EC Number: 200-945-0
Gmelin Reference: 83275
IUPHAR/BPS: 2422
KEGG: D00098
MeSH: Camphor

PubChem CID:
2537
9543187 (R)
10050 (S)

RTECS number: EX1225000

UNII:
5TJD82A1ET
N20HL7Q941 (R)
213N3S8275 (S)

UN number: 2717
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5030955
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3
Key: DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3
Key: DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-UHFFFAOYAK

SMILES:
CC1(C)C2CCC1(C)C(=O)C2
O=C1CC2CCC1(C)C2(C)C

Properties of d-2-camphanone:
Melting point: 175-177 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 204 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.992
Vapor density: 5.2 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 4 mm Hg ( 70 °C)
Refractive index: 1.5462 (estimate)
FEMA: 4513 | dl-CAMPHOR
Fp: 148 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: Soluble in acetone, ethanol, diethylether, chloroform and acetic acid.
Form: neat
Color: White or Colorless
Odor: at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. camphoreous
Odor Type: camphoreous
Optical activity: [α]20/D +0.15 to -0.15°, c = 10% in ethanol
Explosive limit: 0.6-4.5%(V)
Water Solubility: 0.12 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
Merck: 14,1732
JECFA Number: 2199
BRN: 1907611
Henry's Law Constant: (x 10-5 atm?m3/mol): 3.00 at 20 °C (approximate - calculated from water solubility and vapor pressure)
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 12 mg/m3 (2 ppm), STEL 18 mg/m3 (3 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 200 mg/m3 (NIOSH).
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, metallic salts, combustible materials, organics.
InChIKey: DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-MHPPCMCBSA-N
LogP: 2.38
CAS DataBase Reference: 76-22-2
NIST Chemistry Reference: d-2-camphanone(76-22-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: d-2-camphanone (76-22-2)

Names of d-2-camphanone:

IUPAC Names:
(1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
-bornan-2-one
1,7,7-TRIMETHYL-BICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPTAN-2-ONE
1,7,7-Trimethyl-Bicyclo[2.2.1]Heptan-2-one
1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-one
1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)-2 heptanone
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-6-one
1,7,7-Trimethyll-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
1,7.7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
4.7.7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3-one
Bicyclo[2.2.1]Heptan-2-One, 1,7,7-Trimethyl-
Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-
Bornan-2-one
bornan-2-one
CAMPHOR
Camphor
camphor
Camphor
DL-bornan-2-one
Kampfer
D4 SILOXANE

D4 siloxane, also known as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), is a type of siloxane compound.
Siloxanes are a class of chemical compounds that consist of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, often with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
D4 is a cyclic siloxane containing four silicon atoms and four oxygen atoms in a ring structure.

CAS Number: 556-67-2



APPLICATIONS


D4 siloxane finds extensive use in personal care products, such as antiperspirants, deodorants, lotions, and hair care products, due to its ability to enhance product texture and improve spreadability on the skin and hair.
In cosmetic formulations like foundations and primers, D4 siloxane contributes to a smooth and even application, helping to create a flawless finish.
D4 siloxane is utilized in shampoos, conditioners, and hair serums to provide detangling properties, reduce frizz, and lend a silky feel to the hair.

D4 siloxane is incorporated into moisturizers, creams, and serums, aiding in the absorption of active ingredients while imparting a luxurious and non-greasy texture.
In some cases, it is used in fragrance formulations to improve the delivery and longevity of scents on the skin.
D4 siloxane is integral to the production of silicone polymers and elastomers used across industries, including construction, electronics, and automotive sectors.

Due to its biocompatibility, D4 siloxane is employed in manufacturing medical-grade silicone products like prosthetics, implants, and medical tubing.
It acts as a plasticizer in certain plastic formulations, enhancing flexibility and reducing brittleness.
D4 siloxane is used as a release agent in molding processes to prevent sticking and facilitate the removal of materials from molds.
In specific applications, it serves as a lubricant, reducing friction between surfaces and enhancing their movement.
D4 siloxane can be added to adhesives and sealants to improve workability, resulting in a smoother application and better bonding properties.

D4 siloxane imparts water repellency and stain resistance when applied to fabrics, making it valuable in textile treatments.
In car waxes, polishes, and protectants, it enhances shine, provides water resistance, and improves the overall appearance of vehicles.
Sometimes used in food processing equipment as a defoaming agent or a lubricant due to its properties.

D4 siloxane assists in the processing of rubber and plastics by aiding in the molding and shaping of these materials.
In electronics manufacturing, it can be employed to improve the release of materials from molds or as a lubricant in certain processes.
D4 siloxane is applied as a coating to various surfaces to create a non-stick barrier, preventing materials from adhering.
D4 siloxane can be found in metalworking fluids to improve lubrication and reduce friction during machining processes.

In certain applications, it is used as a defoaming agent to control foam formation, such as in paints and coatings.
D4 siloxane aids in the production of concrete additives that enhance workability and reduce cracking in concrete mixtures.
D4 siloxane is used in some furniture polishes and protectants to create a protective layer on surfaces, preventing damage and enhancing appearance.
D4 siloxane can be incorporated into printing inks to improve flow properties and enhance ink transfer during printing processes.

D4 siloxane can be added to construction materials to improve water resistance and durability of the finished products.
D4 siloxane is used in release liners to facilitate the easy removal of adhesive materials from the backing.
D4 siloxane is employed as an anti-foaming agent in various applications to prevent the excessive formation of foam, aiding in efficient processes.


D4 siloxane, or octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, has a range of applications across various industries due to its unique properties.
Some of its applications include:

Personal Care Products:
D4 siloxane is commonly used as a volatile carrier in personal care products such as antiperspirants, deodorants, lotions, creams, and hair care products.
D4 siloxane imparts a smooth and silky texture and aids in the even distribution of active ingredients.

Cosmetics:
D4 siloxane is employed in cosmetic formulations, including foundations, primers, and makeup products, to enhance spreadability and create a desirable feel on the skin.

Hair Care: D4 siloxane is utilized in hair care products like shampoos, conditioners, and hair serums to provide a smooth and detangling effect while reducing static and frizz.

Skin Care:
In skincare products, it contributes to the luxurious texture of creams, lotions, and moisturizers, making them more easily absorbed by the skin.

Fragrances:
D4 siloxane is sometimes used in fragrance formulations to enhance the delivery of scents and extend their longevity on the skin.

Industrial Applications:
D4 siloxane finds use in industrial applications such as in the production of silicone polymers, resins, and elastomers used in various industries including construction, electronics, and automotive.

Medical Devices:
D4 siloxane is utilized in the manufacturing of medical-grade silicone products, such as prosthetics, implants, and medical tubing, due to its biocompatibility and stability.

Plasticizers:
D4 siloxane can act as a plasticizer in certain plastic formulations, enhancing flexibility and reducing brittleness.

Release Agents:
D4 siloxane is used as a release agent in molding and casting processes to prevent sticking of materials to molds and surfaces.

Lubricants:
In certain applications, D4 siloxane is employed as a lubricant due to its low viscosity and ability to reduce friction.

Adhesives and Sealants:
D4 siloxane can be used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to improve their workability and provide a smoother application.

Textile Treatment:
D4 siloxane can be used as a textile treatment to impart water repellency and stain resistance to fabrics.

Automotive Care:
D4 siloxane is found in some automotive care products, such as car waxes and polishes, to enhance shine and provide water resistance.

Food Contact Applications:
In some instances, D4 siloxane is used in food contact applications as a defoaming agent or lubricant in food processing equipment.

Rubber and Plastics Processing:
D4 siloxane aids in the processing of rubber and plastics, facilitating their molding and shaping.

Electronics:
In electronics manufacturing, it can be used to improve the release of materials from molds or as a lubricant in certain processes.

Cleaning Products:
In some specialized cleaning products, it may be used to help prevent streaking and improve the spreadability of the product.

Polishes and Wax Products:
D4 siloxane can be found in polishes, waxes, and protectants for various surfaces, enhancing their appearance and protective properties.



DESCRIPTION


D4 siloxane, also known as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), is a type of siloxane compound.
Siloxanes are a class of chemical compounds that consist of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, often with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
D4 is a cyclic siloxane containing four silicon atoms and four oxygen atoms in a ring structure.

Its chemical formula is (CH3)8Si4O4, indicating that it consists of eight methyl groups (CH3) attached to four silicon atoms (Si) and surrounded by four oxygen atoms (O).
The molecular structure forms a stable and symmetrical cyclic ring.

D4 siloxane is commonly used in various industrial applications, including the production of silicone polymers, personal care products, and as an intermediate in the manufacturing of other compounds.
D4 siloxane is often used as a volatile carrier in personal care products such as antiperspirants, deodorants, lotions, and hair care products.

D4 siloxane, scientifically known as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, is a cyclic siloxane compound.
D4 siloxane features a unique ring structure composed of four silicon atoms and four oxygen atoms.

D4 siloxane is characterized by its symmetrical arrangement of eight methyl groups around the ring.
D4 siloxane is a colorless and clear liquid with a mild odor and a relatively low boiling point.
D4 siloxane belongs to the siloxane family, which includes compounds with silicon-oxygen backbones.
D4 siloxane is commonly utilized as a volatile carrier in the formulation of personal care and cosmetic products.
D4 siloxane finds application in antiperspirants, deodorants, lotions, and various hair care products.

As a volatile silicone compound, D4 siloxane can impart a smooth and silky feel to skin and hair.
Its ability to evaporate quickly makes it valuable for enhancing product texture and spreadability.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane is known for its non-greasy and non-tacky sensory properties in formulations.
D4 siloxane's cyclic structure contributes to its stability and resistance to oxidation.
D4 siloxane serves as an intermediate in the production of various silicone-based polymers and materials.
In addition to personal care, it finds application in the production of industrial and medical silicone products.

D4 siloxane's volatility allows it to evaporate from skin and hair without leaving a residue.
D4 siloxane is soluble in a range of organic solvents and compatible with other cosmetic ingredients.
While widely used in personal care, it has faced regulatory attention due to potential environmental concerns.
Research has focused on its potential persistence and bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems.

The regulatory landscape has led to discussions about its presence and usage in certain formulations.
The use of D4 siloxane has prompted exploration of alternative ingredients and formulations.
Its volatility also makes it useful in various industrial applications, including in the production of plastics.
D4 siloxane's properties make it a versatile ingredient in various consumer and industrial products.
Its presence in formulations contributes to sensory attributes and product performance.

D4 siloxane's chemical structure imparts unique properties, influencing its role in different applications.
While valuable for its applications, its environmental impact remains a topic of ongoing research and discussion.
The diverse uses and characteristics of D4 siloxane underscore its significance in both personal care and industrial contexts.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Formula: (CH3)8Si4O4
Molecular Weight: Approximately 296.6 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Typically odorless, but may have a mild characteristic smell
Boiling Point: Approximately 175-178°C (347-352°F)
Melting Point: Approximately -30°C (-22°F)
Density: Approximately 0.960 g/cm³ at 20°C (68°F)
Vapor Pressure: Varies with temperature
Solubility: Insoluble in water; miscible with many organic solvents
Viscosity: Low viscosity liquid



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, immediately move the affected person to fresh air in an area with good ventilation.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention promptly.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration by trained personnel.
Keep the person calm and at rest during recovery.


Skin Contact:

Quickly remove contaminated clothing and footwear while avoiding further skin exposure.
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of water and mild soap for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.
In case of skin irritation or allergic reaction, consult a healthcare professional.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes gently with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring that eyelids are held open.
Remove contact lenses if worn and easily removable during rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or pain persists after flushing.


Ingestion:

If ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical professionals.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
Seek medical attention immediately and provide information about the ingested substance.


General First Aid:

Keep the person calm and reassure them during any first aid procedures.
Ensure that the affected person is removed from the exposure source and brought to fresh air if needed.
If any symptoms develop, seek medical attention promptly.
In the case of significant exposure or unusual reactions, contact a medical professional.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Ventilation:
Work with D4 siloxane in a well-ventilated area, such as a chemical fume hood or a space with adequate air exchange, to minimize inhalation exposure.

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, to prevent skin and eye contact.

Avoid Inhalation:
Use respiratory protection, such as a NIOSH-approved organic vapor respirator, if handling in an area with inadequate ventilation or potential for airborne exposure.

No Smoking:
Prohibit smoking, eating, or drinking in areas where D4 siloxane is being handled.

Ignition Sources:
Keep away from open flames, sparks, and sources of ignition.
Ensure that equipment used is properly grounded.

Static Electricity:
Prevent the buildup of static electricity by grounding equipment and containers during transfer or handling.

Avoid Contact:
Minimize skin contact by wearing appropriate PPE. In case of contact, promptly wash the affected area with water and remove contaminated clothing.

Work Procedures:
Follow established safe work procedures, such as those outlined in chemical hygiene plans, to minimize risks associated with handling D4 siloxane.


Storage:

Container
Store D4 siloxane in its original labeled container, tightly closed, and properly sealed.
Ensure that containers are in good condition and leak-proof.

Location:
Store containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and incompatible substances.

Fire Safety:
Store away from open flames, sparks, and potential sources of ignition.
Keep fire-fighting equipment accessible in the storage area.

Separation:
Store D4 siloxane away from strong oxidizing agents and strong acids to prevent reactions and potential hazards.

Height and Arrangement:
Keep containers of D4 siloxane off the ground on pallets or shelves to prevent contact with water and facilitate inspection.

Leak Prevention:
Store in a designated containment area with suitable spill control measures and absorbent materials in case of leaks or spills.

Temperature:
Store within the temperature range specified by the manufacturer or on the safety data sheet to maintain stability and prevent degradation.

Security:
Store in an area accessible only to authorized personnel who are trained in handling hazardous chemicals.

Monitoring:
Regularly inspect containers for signs of damage, leaks, or deterioration.
Address any issues promptly.

Emergency Equipment:
Keep appropriate fire extinguishing equipment, spill response kits, and personal protective equipment nearby.



SYNONYMS


Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane
Cyclic Siloxane
Siloxane D4
Cyclotetrasiloxane
Octamethyl Tetrasiloxane
Cyclohexasiloxane (sometimes used interchangeably)
D4 Silicone
Tetramethyl Cyclotetrasiloxane
Siloxane Compound D4
Tetramethyltetraoxacyclopentasilane
D4 Silicone Fluid
Cyclotetramethyltetrasiloxane
Tetramethyl Tetrasiloxane
Cyclic Dimethylsiloxane
D-400 – Polyoxypropylene diamine MW 400
SYNONYMS Ablebond 342-1 Hardener;Poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether), average Mn ~400, CAS NO:9046-10-0
D5 (CYCLOPENTASILOXANE)
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

CAS: 541-02-6
MF: C10H30O5Si5
MW: 370.77
EINECS: 208-764-9

D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is used in personal care products including skin creams, cosmetics, shampoos, deodorants and conditioners.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is also used in various applications such as industrial cleaning fluids and dry cleaning solvents.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is member of cyclomethicone, which are a group of liquid methyl siloxanes that have low viscosity and high volatility.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) are cyclic in structure with a monomer backbone of one silicon and two oxygen atoms bonded together.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is used in cosmetic and personal products as a skin emollient.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane), also known as D5 and D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.

D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Fp: 162 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.959
Color: Colorless
Explosive limit: 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 541-02-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) (541-02-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) (541-02-6)

Uses
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
Used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

Production and polymerization
Commercially D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 (cyclopentasiloxane) can be removed by distillation.
In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:

[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
where n is a positive integer.
D4 and D5 are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH.

Synonyms
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE
541-02-6
Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-
Cyclomethicone 5
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan
NUC silicone VS 7158
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer
Ciclopentasiloxane
Cyclomethicone D5
KF 995
VS 7158
0THT5PCI0R
DTXSID1027184
D5
Dow corning 345
Silicon SF 1202
Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-
MFCD00046966
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane
D5-sil
CCRIS 1328
HSDB 5683
Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech]
EINECS 208-764-9
UNII-0THT5PCI0R
Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane
decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane
SF 1202
BRN 1800166
C10H30O5Si5
D5 Cyclomethicone
dimethylcyclopentasiloxane
Decamethylcylopentasiloxane
JEESILC CPS-211
EC 208-764-9
SCHEMBL28497
N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane
XIAMETER PMX-0245
4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID907184
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5)
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
CHEMBL1885178
CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI]
CHEBI:191092
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%
XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS]
CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD]
BCP15826
Tox21_303170
CD3770
KF-995
AKOS008901199
CS-W009767
DB11244
DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI]
NCGC00163981-01
NCGC00257224-01
OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5)
AS-59731
CAS-541-02-6
DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB]
KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5
D1890
D3770
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer)
FT-0665531
D78203
S05475
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard
Q414350
decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane
Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane #
D5 Cyclomethicone, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
D5 CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
D5 Cyclomethicone is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane composed mainly of cyclopentasiloxane.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

CAS Number: 541-02-6
Molecular Formula: C10H30O5Si5
Molecular Weight: 370.77
EINECS Number: 208-764-9

DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE, 541-02-6, Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-, Cyclomethicone 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, Dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan, Dow corning 345, NUC silicone VS 7158, Silicon SF 1202, Ciclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclomethicone D5, D5-sil, KF 995, CCRIS 1328, VS 7158, HSDB 5683, UNII-0THT5PCI0R, 0THT5PCI0R, EINECS 208-764-9, SF 1202, BRN 1800166, DTXSID1027184, JEESILC CPS-211, XIAMETER PMX-0245, DTXCID907184, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE (D5), D5, EC 208-764-9, 4-04-00-04128 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), KF-995, DOW CORNING ST CYCLOMETHICONE 5, OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE (D5), KP-545 COMPONENT CYCLOMETHICONE 5, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentoxapentasilecane, Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 (USP-RS), CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [USP-RS], MFCD00046966, Dekamethylcyklopentasiloxan [Czech], Ddecamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, C10H30O5Si5, Lightening Serum, D5 Cyclomethicone, dimethylcyclopentasiloxane, Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, UNII: 0THT5PCI0R, SCHEMBL28497, N-Propylheptamethyltrisiloxane, CHEMBL1885178, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE [INCI], 3CE PINK IM GOOD MASCARA, CHEBI:191092, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 97%, XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N, CYCLOMETHICONE 5 [WHO-DD], BCP15826, Tox21_303170, CD3770, CYCLOPENTASILOXANE, DECAMETHYL, AKOS008901199, CS-W009767, DB11244, HY-W009051, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [MI], NCGC00163981-01, NCGC00257224-01, AS-59731, CAS-541-02-6, DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE [HSDB], D1890, D3770, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclic monomer), FT-0665531, NS00043162, D78203, S05475, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, analytical standard, Q414350, decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane, Cyclomethicone 5, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilecane.

D5 Cyclomethicone may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in personal care formulations by gas chromatography.
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.
These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.

D5 Cyclomethicone is preferred for its conditioning, viscosity controlling, and water-repelling properties.
D5 Cyclomethicone is an excellent solvent and can be found in countless products.
D5 Cyclomethicone is documented to be an anti-static agent, non-greasy, non-sticky, and is acclaimed for giving a slippery feel and a dry non-cooling sensation on evaporation.

D5 Cyclomethicone evaporates quickly and does not leave behind any residue.
This commands application in formulating deodorants and antiperspirants.
D5 Cyclomethicone makes spreading products a breeze because of its unique fluidity.

D5 Cyclomethicone provides stability to the formulation and prevents it from splitting.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used to deposit active ingredients on the skin and hair, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the formulation.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in serums, lotions, hair sprays, face and body mists, sunscreens, non-sticky oils, etc.

D5 Cyclomethicone is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Featured Industries: Pharmaceutical (small molecule)
D5 Cyclomethicone, is a type of silicone commonly used in various personal care and cosmetic products.
D5 Cyclomethicone belongs to the class of cyclic siloxanes, specifically a pentamer of the chemical formula (CH3)2SiO.

The "D5" designation refers to its cyclic structure and is often used in product ingredient lists.
D5 Cyclomethicone is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.

D5 Cyclomethicone is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
D5 Cyclomethicone is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.
D5 Cyclomethicone is considered an emollient.

In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of D5 Cyclomethicone is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.
Atmospheric emissions of D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.

D5 Cyclomethicone is categorise as a volatile silicone, but it’s important to distinguish that the word volatile here doesn’t mean irritating to skin.
Instead, D5 Cyclomethicone means this kind of silicone evaporates quickly from skin’s surface, which is one of the advantages of formulating with cyclopentasiloxane as it is able to evenly distribute other key ingredients without leaving a heavy or occlusive feel.
The velvety film left behind is permeable, meaning D5 Cyclomethicone doesn’t suffocate skin.

D5 Cyclomethicone, also known as D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.

The chemical formula for D5 Cyclomethicone is C10H30O5Si5.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.
D5 Cyclomethicone gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

Further, D5 Cyclomethicone also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a high molecular weight, hydrophobic silicone fluid with a low vapor pressure.
D5 Cyclomethicone has a high resistance to hydrolysis by water and acids.

D5 Cyclomethicone is used as a reactive diluent in the synthesis of compounds that have an unsaturated bond.
D5 Cyclomethicone can also be used as a film-forming polymer in cosmetics and personal care products, such as hair sprays, body lotions, and antiperspirants.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in the synthesis of butanediol, which is then converted into other materials like polyester or polysiloxanes.

D5 Cyclomethicone has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.
D5 Cyclomethicone was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic characteristic
D5 Cyclomethicone is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.

Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic D5 Cyclomethicone and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 can be removed by distillation.
D5 Cyclomethicone is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and a pollutant through accumulation and persistence in the environment.

D5 Cyclomethicone is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

D5 Cyclomethicone is a silicone regularly used in cosmetic products.
D5 Cyclomethicone’s commonly found in medical implants, sealants, lubricants, and windshield coatings.
D5 Cyclomethicone is colorless, odorless, non-greasy, and water-thin.

D5 Cyclomethicone doesn’t get absorbed into the skin.
Rather, D5 Cyclomethicone evaporates quickly away from it.
This property makes D5 Cyclomethicone a useful ingredient in cosmetic products that need to dry quickly, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.

D5 Cyclomethicone also has lubricating properties.
This gives a slippery and silky feeling when applied to the skin and hair and allows D5 Cyclomethicone to spread more easily.
As if the name "D5 Cyclomethicone" wasn't hard enough to say, we should point out that it's also known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.

D5 Cyclomethicone is described by Robinson as a silicon-based compound, and it's part of a larger category called cyclomethicone.
D5 Cyclomethicone functions primarily as an emollient, comes in a colorless and odorless liquid form, and is found in a vast array of beauty products from skincare to haircare.
D5 Cyclomethicone is often included in skin care formulations to improve the silky-smooth spreadabilty and sensorial feel of a product.

D5 Cyclomethicone is a lightweight silicone, whose appearance as a raw material is a clear, odorless fluid.
D5 Cyclomethicone also functions as a solvent to help improve the dispersion of cosmetic ingredients in a solution and improve delivery of key ingredients.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a volatile silicone, meaning it evaporates quickly when applied to the skin or hair.

This property contributes to a smooth and lightweight feel upon application.
D5 Cyclomethicone enhances the spreadability of cosmetic products and provides a silky, non-greasy texture.
D5 Cyclomethicone helps in the even distribution of other ingredients in formulations.

D5 Cyclomethicone acts as an emollient, imparting a soft and smooth texture to the skin or hair.
D5 Cyclomethicone can improve the appearance of cosmetic formulations, giving them a luxurious and aesthetically pleasing feel.

In hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, D5 Cyclomethicone can contribute to improved manageability, shine, and detangling.
Found in various skincare products like creams and lotions, D5 Cyclomethicone helps in providing a smooth application, and its volatility ensures a non-greasy finish.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Melting point: -44°C
Boiling point: 90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 33.2Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.396(lit.)
Flash point: 162 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: <0.0001g/l (calculated)
form: Liquid
color: Colorless
Specific Gravity: 0.959
explosive limit 0.52-7%(V)
Water Solubility: Immiscible with water.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,2848
BRN: 1800166
Dielectric constant: 2.5(20℃)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 8.07 at 24.6℃

D5 Cyclomethicone is a volatile fluid with appreciable vapor pressure at ambient temperature.
D5 Cyclomethicone is suspected of being an endocrine disruptor and environmental pollutant because it accumulates in the environment and is persistent.
D5 Cyclomethicone works by carrying the key ingredients of a formulation into the skin and hair for better absorption.

Lacking penetrative powers, D5 Cyclomethicone simply forms a layer over the skin.
D5 Cyclomethicone makes the surface slippery and then evaporates owing to its volatility.
D5 Cyclomethicone is insoluble in water and is soluble in alcohols, silicones, and solvents.

D5 Cyclomethicone is suggested that its concentration be kept between 3%-10% for deodorants and skin care products, though it can be increased up to 20%.
D5 Cyclomethicones, are inert synthetic polymers consisting of repeated units of silicon (Si) atoms, oxygen atoms (O), and R organic substituent (R2SiO), occurring in linear or cyclic forms.
Based on their polymer length, particle size, and molecular weights, siloxanes can be categorised into different groups: fluids, elastomers and resins.

D5 Cyclomethicone’s also used as a sealant to protect the skin against moisture loss and as a lubricant as it helps the skin and hair absorb heavier, larger molecular weight ingredients.
D5 Cyclomethicone gives products a silky, smooth feel that then have a nice feel to the skin.
Also known as D5 Cyclomethicone, thankfully, it’s often referred to as simply, D5.

D5 Cyclomethicone’s colourless, odourless and is always found in liquid form.
D5 Cyclomethicone is a polydimethylcyclosiloxane that is composed of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (CAS# 541‐02‐6).
D5 Cyclomethicone is clear, tasteless, essentially odorless, non‐greasy and non‐stinging.

Due to their varying rates of evaporation, low surface tensions (high spreadability), and non‐greasy feel, D5 Cyclomethicones are used as base fluids, carrying agents and wetting agents in a wide range of personal care products.
Cosmetic applications include: room sprays, body sprays, antiperspirants, skin creams, skin lotions, suntan lotions, bath oils, hair care products etc.
D5 Cyclomethicone Fluids are California VOC Exempt and will not contribute to ozone‐ depletion and global warming.

They are being uses as replacements for Non‐VOC compliant petroleum‐bases solvents as both carrying agents as well as for cleaning solvents where low to medium solvency power is desireable.
Both Cyclo‐2244 and Cyclo‐2245 have comparable evaporation rates to naptha solvents, odorless mineral spirits (OMS) as well as some of the isoparaffinic solvents.
They are compatible with most substates, including metals and plastics.

Renowned for its role in ensuring utmost reliability and consistency in pharmaceutical testing applications, D5 Cyclomethicone stands as a top-quality reference material in diverse verticals including raw material analysis.
Offering outstanding precision, this secondary pharmaceutical standard ensures accurate results, making it an indispensable asset for those seeking excellence in their analytical endeavours.
D5 Cyclomethicone is an ingredient in cosmetic products that is used as an occlusive because it significantly reduces the stickiness of formulations.

D5 Cyclomethicone consists of fully methylated cyclic dimethylpolysiloxanes such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), although the exact composition varies.
D5 Cyclomethicone is practically insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohols and other solvents .
D5 Cyclomethicone evaporates easily, even from cosmetics, without cooling or causing any discomfort. D 4 is classified as a hazardous substance due to suspected reproductive toxic effects .

D4 and D5 Cyclomethicone are difficult to degrade and accumulate in living organisms (bioaccumulating).
With D4 and D5 Cyclomethicone, there is a risk that they will find their way into the human organism through inhalation as a volatile substance from cosmetics.

A layer of D 4 on the skin evaporates within 30 minutes at 25 °C and in 10 minutes at 37 °C.
D5 Cyclomethiconewas introduced into cosmetics in 1978.

Uses:
D5 Cyclomethicone is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.
A cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) used in cosmetic and personal care products.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and D5 Cyclomethicone are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
D5 Cyclomethicone used in cosmetic and personal care products.
D5 Cyclomethicone used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.
Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
D5 Cyclomethicone is incorporated into a formulation for its emollient and solvent activity.

Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and D5 Cyclomethicone are major industrial products, which are either marketed as such or used for the production of polydimethylsiloxanes.
D5 Cyclomethicone is known for being able to evaporate and dry quickly.
Intermediate in the manufacture of high mol wt siloxane polymers.

Carrier ingredient in personal care products; dry cleaning solvent.
A base fluid in a number of personal care products, with excellent spreading, easy rub-out and lubrication properties together with unique volatility characteristics.
Can be used in antiperspirants, deodorants, skin creams, lotions, bath oils, suntan and shaving products, make-up, nail polishes.

D5 Cyclomethicone are also known to repel water and glide easily.
D5 Cyclomethicone is why they are commonly used as ingredients in lubricants and sealants.
They are also known to form a protective barrier on the skin and hair.

D5 Cyclomethicone can help detangle your hair, prevent breakage, and reduce frizz.
Employed as an antifoaming agent in various industrial processes where foam formation needs to be controlled.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in certain adhesive and sealant formulations to improve spreading and application properties.

Included in leather care products such as polishes and conditioners for its conditioning and shining properties.
Found in certain household and cleaning products to enhance the formulation's spreadability and texture.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in certain automotive care products like dashboard polishes and interior cleaners for its smoothing and conditioning effects.

Employed in certain industrial lubricants for its lubricating properties.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in the production of polymers and plastics to improve processing and molding properties.
Included in certain paint and coating formulations for its ability to enhance the texture and application of the product.

D5 Cyclomethicone is used in some electronic and electrical insulation materials for its dielectric properties.
Applied as a release agent in molding processes to facilitate the easy removal of molded products.
D5 Cyclomethicone sometimes appears on a label as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5.

D5 Cyclomethicone may also be put under the broader category name of cyclomethicone.
D5 Cyclomethicone’s different from another siloxane known as dimethicone or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
D5 Cyclomethicone is classified as a cyclomethicone.

Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
D5 Cyclomethicone is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.
D5 Cyclomethicone is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants.

D5 Cyclomethicone is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of D5 Cyclomethicone is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.

Atmospheric emissions of D5 Cyclomethicone in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Found in moisturizers, creams, and lotions to provide a smooth and silky texture.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in anti-aging products to improve the spreadability and application of active ingredients.

Included in shampoos and conditioners to enhance manageability, detangling, and shine.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in styling products such as serums and hair sprays for a lightweight, non-greasy finish.
Found in various cosmetics, including foundations, primers, and concealers, to improve texture and blendability.

D5 Cyclomethicone is used in lip products for a smooth application.
Included in sunscreens to enhance the spreadability of the product and provide a pleasant feel on the skin.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in formulations to improve the texture and application of deodorant products.

Found in certain pharmaceutical formulations and medical creams for its emollient properties.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in various industrial applications where a silicone with specific properties is required.
May be found in certain household products for its lubricating and water-repelling characteristics.

Applied in textile finishing processes to enhance fabric softness and improve the feel of textiles.
D5 Cyclomethicone is used in certain personal lubricants for its smooth and non-sticky properties.
Included in certain automotive and metal polishes to improve the application and shine.

Safety Profile:
The environmental impacts of D5 Cyclomethicone and D4 have attracted attention because these compounds are pervasive.
Cyclic siloxanes have been detected in some species of aquatic life.
A scientific review in Canada has determined that “Siloxane D5 does not pose a danger to the environment” and a scientific assessment of D5 by the Australian government stated, "the direct risks to aquatic life from exposure to these chemicals at expected surface water concentrations are not likely to be significant."

However, in the European Union, D5 Cyclomethicone was characterized as a substance of very high concern (SVHC) due to its PBT and vPvB properties and was thus included in the candidate list for authorisation.
Since 31 January 2020, D5 Cyclomethicone cannot be placed on the market in the European Union in wash-off cosmetic products in a concentration equal to or greater than 0.1 % by weight.


D5 SILOXANE


"D5 siloxane" refers to a specific chemical compound known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, often abbreviated as D5.
D5 siloxane is a member of the siloxane family, which are compounds containing alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, often with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
D5 siloxane is characterized by its cyclic structure containing five silicon atoms and five oxygen atoms.

CAS Number: 541-02-6



APPLICATIONS


D5 siloxane finds extensive use in the personal care and cosmetics industry, where it contributes to the formulation of products such as lotions, creams, and sunscreens.
D5 siloxane is valued for its ability to enhance the spreadability of products on the skin, creating a smooth and luxurious texture.
In hair care products like shampoos and conditioners, D5 siloxane imparts a silky feel to the hair while helping to detangle and reduce frizz.

D5 siloxane is utilized in antiperspirants and deodorants, contributing to the even distribution of active ingredients and enhancing sensory properties.
D5 siloxane's volatility makes it a valuable ingredient in personal care products, as it evaporates quickly upon application, leaving a non-greasy feel.
In cosmetics, D5 siloxane contributes to the even application of makeup, helping to create a flawless and smooth finish on the skin.

D5 siloxane is incorporated into sunscreens to improve the product's spreadability and adherence to the skin, enhancing the effectiveness of UV protection.
D5 siloxane serves as a key component in the formulation of silicone-based foundations and primers, providing a comfortable and uniform application.
Beyond personal care, D5 siloxane is integral to industrial applications, particularly in the production of silicone polymers and elastomers.
Its compatibility with a wide range of materials makes it valuable in adhesives, sealants, and coatings used in construction and manufacturing.

In electronics and electrical applications, D5 siloxane's excellent dielectric properties make it suitable for use as an insulating material.
It can be found in the production of textiles, where its properties are harnessed to impart water repellency and improve fabric performance.
D5 siloxane plays a role in the production of silicone-based lubricants, contributing to their smooth and low-friction characteristics.

In automotive care products, such as car waxes and polishes, it enhances the appearance of vehicles while providing water resistance.
D5 siloxane is used in the manufacturing of medical devices and implants, owing to its biocompatibility and stability.
D5 siloxane can be found in electrical insulating materials, gaskets, and O-rings used in various industrial applications.
D5 siloxane aids in the production of release agents for molding and casting processes, preventing materials from adhering to molds.
D5 siloxane's unique properties make it valuable in the formulation of industrial coatings that require smooth application and non-stick properties.

D5 siloxane contributes to the production of defoamers used in various industries, such as food processing, to control excessive foam formation.
D5 siloxane's thermal stability and resistance to oxidation make it useful in high-temperature applications like automotive components.
In the field of textiles, D5 siloxane can be applied as a water repellent treatment to fabrics for outdoor and sportswear applications.
D5 siloxane is employed in the production of household products like furniture polishes and protectants, enhancing surface appearance and protection.

D5 siloxane can be found in cosmetic and personal care products that are designed to provide long-lasting effects due to its persistence on the skin.
D5 siloxane's compatibility with various chemicals and materials allows it to play a role in various manufacturing processes and applications.
The wide range of applications showcases the versatility of D5 siloxane, spanning from personal care to industrial sectors, where its unique properties contribute to enhanced performance and functionality.

D5 siloxane is used in the production of silicone-based gels and serums in the cosmetics industry, providing a silky and non-greasy texture.
D5 siloxane is incorporated into body lotions and moisturizers, where its rapid evaporation helps prevent a heavy or sticky feeling on the skin.

D5 siloxane's ability to create a smooth film on the skin makes it an essential ingredient in primers, improving the adherence of makeup.
In nail polish formulations, it helps achieve even coverage and a glossy finish, enhancing the appearance and longevity of nail colors.
D5 siloxane is used in the formulation of antifungal creams and ointments, helping to improve the delivery of active ingredients to the skin.

D5 siloxane is added to some acne treatment products to enhance the spreadability and penetration of medicated ingredients.
D5 siloxane is a key ingredient in sunless tanning products, contributing to the even application and absorption of tanning agents.
In hair styling products like serums and leave-in conditioners, it imparts shine and controls frizz while maintaining a lightweight feel.

D5 siloxane is utilized in silicone-based lubricants and intimate care products due to its smooth and non-irritating properties.
D5 siloxane's resistance to extreme temperatures and stability make it suitable for use in automotive and aerospace applications.
In the electronics industry, D5 siloxane is employed as a component in thermal interface materials to enhance heat dissipation.

D5 siloxane is found in silicone-based adhesives used in construction and electronics for their strong bonding properties and flexibility.
D5 siloxane contributes to the formulation of air and water-resistant coatings for fabrics used in outdoor and performance clothing.

In the medical field, D5 siloxane is used as a lubricant for medical devices, such as catheters, to ease insertion and minimize discomfort.
D5 siloxane's properties make it valuable in the production of contact lens solutions, contributing to lens comfort and clarity.
In the automotive industry, it is used in car care products like wheel cleaners to remove dirt and grime without damaging surfaces.
D5 siloxane is applied to cutting tools in metalworking to reduce friction and improve cutting efficiency.

D5 siloxane is used in the production of silicone-based impression materials for dental applications, aiding in accurate dental impressions.
In the food industry, D5 siloxane may be employed as a defoaming agent in food processing to control foam formation.

D5 siloxane contributes to the formulation of release agents used in the production of rubber and plastic products to prevent sticking.
D5 siloxane can be found in some ink formulations, enhancing the flow properties of the ink during printing processes.
D5 siloxane is used in the manufacturing of insulating materials for electrical equipment, contributing to their dielectric properties.

D5 siloxane is employed as a smoothing agent in the production of leather goods to enhance their surface appearance.
In the textile industry, it can be found in treatments for flame-resistant fabrics, improving their protective properties.
The compound's compatibility with a variety of ingredients and materials enables its integration into numerous applications, showcasing its versatility and value across industries.



DESCRIPTION


"D5 siloxane" refers to a specific chemical compound known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, often abbreviated as D5.
D5 siloxane is a member of the siloxane family, which are compounds containing alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, often with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
D5 siloxane is characterized by its cyclic structure containing five silicon atoms and five oxygen atoms.

Its chemical formula is (CH3)10Si5O5, indicating the presence of ten methyl groups (CH3) attached to five silicon atoms (Si) and surrounded by five oxygen atoms (O).
This arrangement forms a stable and symmetrical ring structure.

D5 siloxane, scientifically known as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, is a cyclic siloxane compound with widespread industrial and consumer applications.
D5 siloxane is distinguished by its symmetrical arrangement of ten methyl groups surrounding a ring structure composed of five silicon atoms and five oxygen atoms.

D5 siloxane belongs to the family of siloxanes, characterized by alternating silicon and oxygen atoms in their molecular structure.
Its chemical formula, (CH3)10Si5O5, reflects the presence of ten methyl (CH3) groups attached to five silicon (Si) atoms embedded in a stable cyclic arrangement.
D5 siloxane appears as a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, characteristic odor.
With a boiling point around 210-215°C, D5 siloxane's volatility allows it to evaporate readily under normal conditions.

D5 siloxane is valued for its low viscosity and ability to form a smooth, non-greasy film on surfaces.
Its cyclic structure imparts unique characteristics that make it suitable for various applications across industries.
D5 siloxane is extensively utilized in personal care and cosmetic products due to its ability to enhance product texture and spreadability.

D5 siloxane can be found in cosmetics, lotions, creams, hair care products, and sunscreens, where it contributes to a luxurious feel on the skin.
In industrial settings, D5 siloxane serves as a crucial component in the production of silicone polymers, elastomers, and sealants.

D5 siloxane exhibits excellent dielectric properties, making it valuable for electronics and electrical applications.
D5 siloxane's compatibility with a range of materials and its thermal stability contribute to its use in various formulations.
Its cyclic structure enhances stability, and its lack of reactive groups contributes to its non-reactive nature.

D5 siloxane's volatility allows it to evaporate quickly from skin and hair, leaving behind a silky, non-greasy feel.
Its ability to spread easily on surfaces makes it beneficial in formulations where even distribution is desired.
While widely used, D5 siloxane has been the subject of regulatory attention due to potential environmental concerns.

Research has focused on its potential persistence and potential effects on aquatic ecosystems.
As a result, discussions and regulations have arisen regarding its presence and use in certain products.
Efforts are being made to explore alternative ingredients and formulations in response to regulatory considerations.
Its versatility extends to various industrial applications, including rubber and plastic processing, textiles, and adhesives.

D5 siloxane's properties have led to its integration in products designed to enhance appearance and performance.
Its applications span from personal care to industrial sectors, where its characteristics play a significant role.
D5 siloxane's cyclic structure contributes to its unique attributes and its role as a building block in various formulations.
The balance between D5 siloxane's desirable properties and environmental considerations underscores its multifaceted presence in diverse applications.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Formula: (CH3)10Si5O5
Molecular Weight: Approximately 370.8 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Mild, characteristic odor
Boiling Point: Approximately 210-215°C (410-419°F)
Melting Point: Approximately -60°C (-76°F)
Density: Approximately 0.960 g/cm³ at 20°C (68°F)
Vapor Pressure: Varies with temperature
Solubility: Insoluble in water; miscible with many organic solvents
Viscosity: Low viscosity liquid



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If D5 siloxane is inhaled and respiratory irritation occurs, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention promptly.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration by trained personnel.
Keep the person calm and at rest during recovery.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing and footwear to prevent further skin exposure.
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of water and mild soap for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.
In case of skin irritation or allergic reaction, consult a healthcare professional.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes gently with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring that eyelids are held open.
Remove contact lenses if worn and easily removable during rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or pain persists after flushing.


Ingestion:

If D5 siloxane is accidentally ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical professionals.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
Seek medical attention immediately and provide information about the ingested substance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Ventilation:
Work with D5 siloxane in a well-ventilated area, such as a chemical fume hood or a space with good air circulation, to minimize inhalation exposure.

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, to prevent skin and eye contact.

Avoid Inhalation:
Use respiratory protection, such as a NIOSH-approved organic vapor respirator, if handling in an area with inadequate ventilation or potential for airborne exposure.

No Smoking:
Prohibit smoking, eating, or drinking in areas where D5 siloxane is being handled.

Ignition Sources:
Keep away from open flames, sparks, and sources of ignition.
Ensure that equipment used is properly grounded.

Static Electricity:
Prevent the buildup of static electricity by grounding equipment and containers during transfer or handling.

Avoid Contact:
Minimize skin contact by wearing appropriate PPE.
In case of contact, promptly wash the affected area with water and remove contaminated clothing.

Work Procedures:
Follow established safe work procedures, such as those outlined in chemical hygiene plans, to minimize risks associated with handling D5 siloxane.


Storage:

Container:
Store D5 siloxane in its original labeled container, tightly closed, and properly sealed.
Ensure that containers are in good condition and leak-proof.

Location:
Store containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and incompatible substances.

Fire Safety:
Store away from open flames, sparks, and potential sources of ignition.
Keep fire-fighting equipment accessible in the storage area.

Separation:
Store D5 siloxane away from strong oxidizing agents and strong acids to prevent reactions and potential hazards.

Height and Arrangement:
Keep containers of D5 siloxane off the ground on pallets or shelves to prevent contact with water and facilitate inspection.

Leak Prevention:
Store in a designated containment area with suitable spill control measures and absorbent materials in case of leaks or spills.

Temperature:
Store within the temperature range specified by the manufacturer or on the safety data sheet to maintain stability and prevent degradation.

Security:
Store in an area accessible only to authorized personnel who are trained in handling hazardous chemicals.



SYNONYMS


Decamethylpentacyclopentasiloxane
Cyclic Siloxane D5
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Compound
D5 Silicone
Pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane

D6 (CYCLOHEXASILOXANE)
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) is a cationic surfactant that has been shown to have excellent water solubility.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) is used in wastewater treatment as an alternative to chlorinated surfactants.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) is also used as a component of cationic polymerization, which is a process that creates polymers by the condensation of monomers with active hydrogen atoms on each monomer.

CAS: 540-97-6
MF: C12H36O6Si6
MW: 444.92
EINECS: 208-762-8

The uptake assay was developed by reacting D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) with boron nitride and measuring the release rate of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS).
This reaction mechanism can be used to measure the rate of uptake for any other compound class.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) has been shown to cause lung damage in CD-1 mice when inhaled at concentrations between 100 and 1000 ppm for six hours per day, five days per week.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) belonging to the class of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes is identified as a potent environmental contaminant, most prominently found in biota, biosolid samples, soil, sediment samples, wastewaters, etc.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) are used as fragrance carriers or solvents in household products, personal care products, cleaning agents and as precursors in the manufacture of silicone polymers.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) is an organosilicon compound.

D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -3°C
Boiling point: 245 °C
Density: 0,959 g/cm3
Vapor pressure: 4.7Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: 1.4015
Fp: >76°C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Sparingly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: liquid
Color: Colourless
Specific Gravity: 0.9672
Odor: at 100.00%. odorless
Water Solubility: 5.1μg/L at 23℃
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 1: no significant reaction with aqueous systems
Merck: 14,3403
Stability: Hygroscopic
LogP: 8.87 at 23.6℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 540-97-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) (540-97-6)

Uses
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) is a silicone-based emollient.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) used in cosmetic and personal care products. Used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.
D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) used in cosmetic and personal care products, D6 (cyclohexasiloxane) can be used in dermal exposure and inhalation toxicity study.

Synonyms
DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE
540-97-6
Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl-
Cyclomethicone 6
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-dodecamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaoxa-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexasilacyclododecane
XHK3U310BA
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane
EINECS 208-762-8
UNII-XHK3U310BA
HSDB 7723
EC 208-762-8
dodecamethyl cyclohexasiloxane
SCHEMBL93785
XIAMETER PMX-0246
CYCLOHEXASILOXANE [INCI]
DTXSID6027183
IUMSDRXLFWAGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-
CHEBI:191103
IUMSDRXLFWAGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CYCLOMETHICONE 6 [USP-RS]
MFCD00144215
AKOS015839990
FS-5671
DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE [MI]
DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE [HSDB]
D2040
DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE [WHO-DD]
FT-0625566
S08515
T71035
Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, analytical standard
A914553
Q27293843
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane #
Cyclohexasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-dodecamethyl-
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, 95%
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, AldrichCPR
Cyclomethicone 6, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-dodecamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaoxa-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexa
D-6
InChI=1/C12H36O6Si6/c1-19(2)13-20(3,4)15-22(7,8)17-24(11,12)18-23(9,10)16-21(5,6)14-19/h1-12H3
D6 SILOXANE

"D6 siloxane" refers to a specific chemical compound known as dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane or simply D6.
Like D4 and D5 siloxanes, D6 siloxane is a member of the siloxane family, which consists of compounds containing alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, often with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
D6 siloxane is characterized by its cyclic structure containing six silicon atoms and six oxygen atoms.
Its chemical formula is (CH3)12Si6O6, reflecting the presence of twelve methyl groups (CH3) attached to six silicon atoms (Si) and surrounded by six oxygen atoms (O).

CAS Number: 540-97-6



APPLICATIONS


D6 siloxane plays a pivotal role in the personal care and cosmetics industry, contributing to the formulation of a variety of skin and hair care products.
Its inclusion in lotions, creams, and serums enhances the texture, providing a luxurious and smooth feel on the skin's surface.
In hair care products like shampoos and conditioners, D6 siloxane imparts a healthy shine to hair strands while minimizing frizz and tangles.
The cosmetics industry benefits from D6 siloxane's ability to create a seamless application experience, offering a polished and even finish.

Its presence in sunscreens ensures better distribution and adherence of active ingredients on the skin, improving overall sun protection effectiveness.
Industrial applications harness the stability and compatibility of D6 siloxane in the production of silicone polymers, elastomers, and sealants.
D6 siloxane's versatility extends to industrial coatings, adhesives, and sealants, enhancing performance and functionality in various applications.

In the realm of electronics, D6 siloxane's excellent dielectric properties position it as an essential insulating material in electrical components.
Outdoor and sportswear fabrics benefit from D6 siloxane's water repellency treatment, enhancing their resistance to moisture and maintaining comfort.

The medical field utilizes D6 siloxane's biocompatibility in the manufacturing of medical devices, implants, and certain healthcare products.
Automotive care products utilize its properties to enhance the appearance of vehicles while providing protection against environmental factors.
D6 siloxane contributes to the uniform distribution of active ingredients in antiperspirants and deodorants, optimizing their effectiveness.

Hair styling products such as serums and leave-in conditioners utilize its smoothing and conditioning effects for manageable and lustrous hair.
Its incorporation in silicone-based lubricants provides friction reduction and temperature resistance, making it suitable for various applications.
Across industries, D6 siloxane serves as a defoaming agent, effectively controlling foam formation during different processes.

Adhesives and sealants benefit from D6 siloxane's compatibility with a range of materials, enhancing their bonding properties and durability.
In textiles, D6 siloxane contributes to flame-resistant fabrics, enhancing fire-resistant properties for safety in various environments.
Its role in industrial coatings ensures a smooth application process and non-stick properties, improving surface appearance and performance.

D6 siloxane is found in release agents used in molding and casting processes, preventing materials from adhering to molds.
D6 siloxane's application extends to the automotive industry, enhancing components' appearance and providing protection against wear.
D6 siloxane enhances the efficiency of metalworking processes by reducing friction and improving the performance of cutting tools.
D6 siloxane is utilized as a water repellent treatment in the textile industry, extending the lifespan and functionality of fabrics.

Some ink formulations incorporate D6 siloxane for improved flow properties, enhancing printing performance and quality.
D6 siloxane's presence in defoamers used in the food industry helps control excessive foam formation during food processing.
Its widespread applications underline D6 siloxane's versatility, providing improved performance, aesthetics, and protection across industries.

D6 siloxane is an integral component in the formulation of various leave-on and rinse-off personal care products, contributing to their sensory appeal and effectiveness.
Its presence in body lotions and moisturizers enhances skin hydration and provides a soft, non-greasy feel upon application.
In hair care, D6 siloxane imparts a silky texture to hair products, making hair easier to comb and style while reducing static.
D6 siloxane's compatibility with pigments and fillers makes it valuable in cosmetics, where it aids in achieving even color distribution and a smooth finish.
Sunscreen formulations benefit from D6 siloxane's ability to improve product spreadability, ensuring uniform coverage and better protection against UV rays.

Its use in the production of silicone polymers and elastomers extends to the creation of medical-grade silicone components used in healthcare and medical devices.
The construction industry utilizes D6 siloxane in sealants, adhesives, and coatings due to its ability to bond with various surfaces and maintain durability.
D6 siloxane's dielectric properties make it indispensable in electrical insulation applications, contributing to the reliability of electronic devices and systems.
Sports and outdoor apparel manufacturers apply D6 siloxane to fabrics, rendering them water-resistant while allowing breathability and comfort.
Its biocompatibility and stability in medical devices, such as catheters and implants, ensure patient safety and reliable performance in healthcare settings.

D6 siloxane's protective qualities extend to automotive wax formulations, enhancing vehicle appearance and safeguarding against environmental contaminants.
D6 siloxane's role in antiperspirants ensures uniform distribution of active ingredients, providing effective sweat control throughout the day.
In hair serums and leave-in conditioners, D6 siloxane contributes to detangling, frizz control, and a smooth, glossy finish.
Its use in automotive care products like tire shine and vinyl protectants helps maintain the appearance of vehicle interiors and exteriors.
D6 siloxane's presence in thermal interface materials aids in efficient heat dissipation, enhancing the performance of electronic components.

In the production of textiles, D6 siloxane-treated fabrics resist staining and soiling, making them suitable for a variety of applications.
D6 siloxane's compatibility with other ingredients enables the creation of air and water-resistant coatings for fabrics used in extreme conditions.
D6 siloxane's non-stick properties are harnessed in food processing equipment, ensuring efficient production and preventing food build-up.

Its use in ink formulations helps achieve consistent flow and improved print quality, especially in high-speed printing processes.
D6 siloxane's low surface tension is utilized in inkjet printing, promoting precise droplet placement and enhancing print resolution.
Its addition to leather care products imparts a soft, conditioned feel to leather goods, enhancing their aesthetic and tactile qualities.
D6 siloxane's presence in automotive coatings offers UV protection and resistance to environmental factors, preserving vehicle appearance.
D6 siloxane is employed as a smoothing agent in the production of paper and cardboard, improving their surface quality and printability.
Its inclusion in defoamers used in the manufacturing of food and beverages ensures consistent product quality and production efficiency.

The adaptability of D6 siloxane to various applications underscores its role in enhancing aesthetics, functionality, and performance across diverse industries.

In facial skincare products, D6 siloxane contributes to a smooth and even makeup application by minimizing the appearance of fine lines and pores.
Its use in hair serums adds a protective layer that shields hair from environmental stressors, enhancing overall hair health.

D6 siloxane's water-repellent properties are harnessed in raincoats and outdoor gear, ensuring wearers stay dry in wet conditions.
D6 siloxane's role in antifungal coatings contributes to preventing the growth of fungi and molds on surfaces, particularly in humid environments.
In the electronics industry, D6 siloxane aids in encapsulating electronic components, protecting them from moisture and environmental factors.

D6 siloxane is used in textile treatments for bed linens, offering a soft and comfortable feel while also providing water resistance.
D6 siloxane's compatibility with fragrances in perfumes and colognes ensures the longevity of scent on the skin.
In automotive engine oils, D6 siloxane improves lubrication, reducing friction and enhancing fuel efficiency.
Its presence in defoamers used in the production of beverages prevents excessive foaming, ensuring accurate product packaging and filling.

D6 siloxane's hydrophobic properties find application in marine coatings, preventing biofouling and corrosion on ship hulls.
D6 siloxane is employed in wound care products to create a protective barrier that shields wounds from contaminants while allowing air circulation.
D6 siloxane's compatibility with natural fibers is valuable in enhancing the durability and stain resistance of clothing.

In polymer manufacturing, it serves as a processing aid, improving the flow properties of materials during production.
D6 siloxane's presence in air fresheners helps deliver a consistent and long-lasting fragrance experience in indoor spaces.
D6 siloxane contributes to the production of flexible electronics by encapsulating and protecting delicate components from environmental factors.

Its use in specialty coatings for solar panels enhances energy efficiency by minimizing dust accumulation and maximizing light absorption.
D6 siloxane's use in automotive tire dressings adds a glossy finish to tires while also protecting against cracking and fading.
D6 siloxane plays a role in HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems by improving the efficiency of heat exchange processes.
D6 siloxane's lubricating properties find application in the production of medical devices such as catheters and surgical instruments.
In the manufacturing of molded plastic products, it aids in the release of items from molds, ensuring smooth and efficient production.

D6 siloxane's compatibility with a wide range of materials is leveraged in the production of flexible packaging materials for food products.
D6 siloxane's use in industrial coatings contributes to the longevity of structures by protecting them from environmental wear and tear.

D6 siloxane aids in the creation of flexible and transparent films used in displays, touchscreens, and electronic devices.
D6 siloxane's role in ink formulations helps maintain consistent print quality and color vibrancy in various printing applications.
Its adaptability and versatility continue to drive innovation across industries, showcasing its importance in enhancing product performance, aesthetics, and functionality.


D6 siloxane (dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane) has a range of applications across industries due to its unique properties.
Here are some of its applications:

Personal Care Products:
D6 siloxane is used in various personal care products such as lotions, creams, and serums.
D6 siloxane enhances the texture of these products, providing a smooth and luxurious feel on the skin.

Hair Care:
In hair care products like shampoos, conditioners, and styling products, D6 siloxane imparts shine, reduces frizz, and improves manageability.

Cosmetics:
D6 siloxane is employed in cosmetics like foundations, primers, and lip products to create a smooth application, even texture, and long-lasting finish.

Sunscreen Formulations:
D6 siloxane enhances the spreadability and adherence of active ingredients in sunscreens, contributing to better UV protection coverage.

Industrial Applications:
D6 siloxane is used in the production of silicone polymers, elastomers, and sealants.
Its stability and compatibility with various materials make it valuable in industrial coatings, adhesives, and other applications.

Electronics:
D6 siloxane's excellent dielectric properties make it suitable for electronics as an insulating material in capacitors, transformers, and other components.

Textiles:
D6 siloxane is applied to textiles to provide water repellency and enhance the performance of fabrics used in outdoor and sportswear.

Medical Devices:
D6 siloxane's biocompatibility and stability make it suitable for use in medical devices and implants.

Automotive Care:
In car care products like waxes and polishes, it enhances the appearance of vehicles while providing water resistance.

Antiperspirants and Deodorants:
D6 siloxane contributes to the even distribution of active ingredients in antiperspirants and deodorants.

Hair Styling:
D6 siloxane is found in hair serums, leave-in conditioners, and styling products for its smoothing and conditioning effects.

Lubricants:
D6 siloxane is used in silicone-based lubricants for its low friction properties and resistance to extreme temperatures.

Defoamers:
D6 siloxane can be used as a defoaming agent in various industries to control foam formation in processes.

Adhesives and Sealants:
D6 siloxane's compatibility with different materials makes it valuable in adhesive and sealant formulations.

Textile Industry:
D6 siloxane is applied as a water repellent treatment to fabrics, enhancing their water resistance.

Release Agents:
D6 siloxane aids in the production of release agents for molding and casting processes, preventing materials from adhering to molds.

Flame-Resistant Fabrics:
D6 siloxane is used to enhance the flame-resistant properties of textiles in applications requiring fire resistance.

Industrial Coatings:
D6 siloxane contributes to the formulation of coatings for industrial applications, providing smooth application and non-stick properties.

Automotive Industry:
D6 siloxane is used in automotive components and care products, contributing to appearance and protection.

Metalworking:
D6 siloxane is applied to cutting tools to reduce friction and improve cutting efficiency in metalworking processes.



DESCRIPTION


"D6 siloxane" refers to a specific chemical compound known as dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane or simply D6.
Like D4 and D5 siloxanes, D6 siloxane is a member of the siloxane family, which consists of compounds containing alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, often with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
D6 siloxane is characterized by its cyclic structure containing six silicon atoms and six oxygen atoms.
Its chemical formula is (CH3)12Si6O6, reflecting the presence of twelve methyl groups (CH3) attached to six silicon atoms (Si) and surrounded by six oxygen atoms (O).

D6 siloxane, scientifically known as dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, is a cyclic siloxane compound with a distinct chemical structure.
D6 siloxane stands out due to its ring structure composed of six silicon atoms and six oxygen atoms, surrounded by twelve methyl groups.
D6 siloxane is a member of the siloxane family, characterized by alternating silicon and oxygen atoms in its molecular framework.

Its chemical formula, (CH3)12Si6O6, highlights the presence of twelve methyl (CH3) groups attached to six silicon (Si) atoms in a stable cyclic arrangement.
D6 siloxane's appearance is that of a clear and colorless liquid, often used in various industrial and consumer applications.
D6 siloxane exhibits a mild and characteristic odor, distinguishing it when encountered.
With a boiling point around 250-260°C, D6 siloxane is a relatively volatile compound that can evaporate under typical conditions.

The versatility of D6 siloxane stems from its ability to form a smooth, non-greasy film on surfaces, making it valuable in various formulations.
Its cyclic structure lends it unique attributes, contributing to its suitability in a range of applications across industries.
D6 siloxane is employed in personal care products like lotions and creams, where it enhances product texture and spreadability.

D6 siloxane's inclusion in hair care products assists in improving hair manageability and reducing frizz.
In cosmetics, D6 siloxane contributes to even product application and enhances the aesthetic qualities of makeup.
D6 siloxane is utilized in sunscreen formulations to improve product spreadability and adherence, enhancing the effectiveness of UV protection.
D6 siloxane finds a place in industrial applications, particularly in the production of silicone polymers and elastomers.

Its compatibility with various materials makes it valuable in adhesives, sealants, and coatings used in manufacturing and construction.
D6 siloxane's excellent dielectric properties render it suitable for electronics and electrical applications.
D6 siloxane's unique characteristics contribute to its use in a wide range of formulations across industries.
Its cyclic structure imparts stability, and its low reactivity makes it valuable in various applications.

While valued for its versatility, D6 siloxane has also been subject to regulatory attention due to potential environmental concerns.
Studies have investigated its potential persistence and effects on ecosystems, leading to discussions about its use and impact.
The regulatory landscape has prompted exploration of alternatives and considerations for its presence in certain products.
D6 siloxane's compatibility with different materials extends to various industrial applications, including rubber and plastics.

D6 siloxane plays a role in enhancing both appearance and performance in products spanning from personal care to industrial sectors.
D6 siloxane's cyclic structure is a key factor in its unique attributes, contributing to its versatility in diverse applications.
The interplay between D6 siloxane's properties and regulatory considerations underscores its multifaceted presence and importance across industries.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Formula: C12H36O6Si6
Molecular Weight: Approximately 492.8 g/mol
Appearance: Clear and colorless liquid
Odor: Characteristic mild odor
Melting Point: Approximately -46°C (-51°F)
Boiling Point: Approximately 215-217°C (419-423°F)
Density: Approximately 0.960 g/cm³ at 20°C (68°F)
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents like alkanes, alcohols, and ethers
Vapor Pressure: Relatively volatile with a vapor pressure of about 0.02 kPa at 25°C (77°F)
Viscosity: Low viscosity liquid



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen if available and seek medical attention promptly.
If the person is not breathing, perform artificial respiration while seeking medical assistance.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water.
Wash thoroughly with soap and water to remove any residue from the skin.
If irritation or redness occurs, seek medical attention.
Obtain medical advice for persistent skin irritation.


Eye Contact:

If D6 siloxane comes into contact with the eyes, gently rinse the eyes with water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
If irritation persists or if there is any visual impairment, seek immediate medical attention.


Ingestion:

If ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical professionals.
Seek medical attention immediately and provide medical personnel with information about the ingested substance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Ventilation:
Use D6 siloxane in well-ventilated areas to prevent the accumulation of vapors.
Employ local exhaust ventilation if necessary to maintain air quality.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.

Avoid Contact:
Prevent skin, eye, and inhalation exposure to D6 siloxane.
Use splash-resistant safety goggles or face shields to protect the eyes.

Hygiene:
Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling.
Refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking while working with the substance.

Ignition Sources:
Keep D6 siloxane away from open flames, sparks, and sources of ignition, as it may be flammable under certain conditions.

Static Electricity:
Take precautions to prevent static electricity buildup, as it could lead to ignition.
Grounding equipment may be necessary.

Storage Containers:
Use appropriate containers made of materials resistant to D6 siloxane.
Ensure containers are tightly sealed to prevent leakage.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the name of the substance, hazard information, and storage instructions.


Storage:

Location:
Store D6 siloxane in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Maintain a consistent temperature to prevent fluctuations.

Compatibility:
Store D6 siloxane away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases.

Ignition Sources:
Avoid storing near open flames, sparks, and sources of ignition, as the compound can be flammable under certain conditions.

Container Integrity:
Ensure storage containers are in good condition and properly sealed to prevent leaks or spills.

Separation:
Store D6 siloxane separately from food and beverages to prevent accidental contamination.

Access Control:
Limit access to authorized personnel with proper training in handling and storage of chemical substances.

Fire Protection:
Store away from fire extinguishers, fire alarms, and firefighting equipment to prevent accidental discharge during an emergency.

Regulatory Compliance:
Adhere to local, national, and international regulations and guidelines for the storage of chemical substances.



SYNONYMS


Cyclotetrasiloxane
Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane
Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane
Cyclohexasiloxane
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (sometimes used interchangeably)
D6 silicone
D6 silane
Siloxane D6
Siloxane-6
Siloxane-6 (Decamethylcyclohexasiloxane)
L4 siloxane
HMCTS (Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane)
D6 cyclic siloxane
Siloxane cyclic D6
D6 silicone fluid
Cyclic siloxane D6
Silicone oil D6
Decamethylcyclohexasiloxane
Cyclic dimethylsiloxane
D6 polydimethylsiloxane
Siloxane fluid D6
Cyclohexasilane
Siloxane 6-12
D6 siloxane compound
D6 cyclosiloxane
Decamethylcyclohexasilane
Siloxane 6-12
Siloxane cyclic D6
Hexamethyltrisiloxane
L4 cyclic siloxane
Octamethyltetrasiloxane
Dodecamethylcyclohexasilane
D6 dimethylsiloxane
HMCT
Cyclotrisiloxane
Siloxane compound D6
Siloxane derivative D6
Siloxane hexamer
Siloxane tetramer
Decamethylcyclohexasilazane
Cyclohexasilazane
D6 silazane
Siloxane D6 polymer
Siloxane oil D6
D6 silicone compound
D6 silicone derivative
Cyclohexakis(dimethylsiloxy)silane
Decamethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane
D6 polysiloxane
Siloxane D6 fluid
Siloxane cyclic compound D6
Cyclic hexamethyltrisiloxane
Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane
D6 cyclohexasiloxane
Siloxane cyclic hexamer
Siloxane 6-membered ring
Octamethylcyclohexasiloxane
Cyclohexasiloxane derivative
D6 polysilicone
Decamethyl-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaoxatridecane
Hexakis(dimethylsiloxy)cyclotrisiloxane
Dodecamethylcyclohexasilicane
D6 cyclotrisilazane
Hexamethylcyclotrisilazane
Decamethylcyclotrisilazane
Dodecamethylcyclotrisilazane
Siloxane hexamer D6
Siloxane 6-ring compound
Siloxane cyclic polymer D6
D6 cyclohexasilicone
Hexamethylcyclo-trisiloxane derivative
Dodecamethylcyclo-hexasilazane
Siloxane 6-membered ring polymer
D6 hexamethylcyclohexasiloxane
DABCO 33-LV CATALYST
DABCO 33-LV is a strong urethane reaction (gelation) catalyst for multipurpose use.
DABCO 33-LV is 33% triethylenediamine and 67% dipropylene glycol.
DABCO 33-LV offers low viscosity.

CAS: 280-57-9
MF: C6H12N2
MW: 112.17
EINECS: 205-999-9

DABCO 33-LV is used in adhesive and sealant applications.
DABCO 33-LV is a 33% TEDA dissolved in dipropylene glycol.
Used in the synthesis of prepolymers and curing of polyurethanes.
DABCO 33-LV, also known as triethylenediamine or TEDA, is a bicyclic organic compound with the formula N2(C2H4)3.
This colorless solid is a highly nucleophilic tertiary amine base, which is used as a catalyst and reagent in polymerization and organic synthesis.

DABCO 33-LV is similar in structure to quinuclidine, but the latter has one of the nitrogen atoms replaced by a carbon atom.
Regarding their structures, both DABCO 33-LV and quinuclidine are unusual in that the methylene hydrogen atoms are eclipsed within each of the three ethylene linkages.
Furthermore, the diazacyclohexane rings, of which there are three, adopt the chair conformations, not the usual boat conformations.

DABCO 33-LV is an organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4.
DABCO 33-LV is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.
DABCO 33-LV has a role as a catalyst, a reagent and an antioxidant.
DABCO 33-LV is a bridged compound, a tertiary amino compound, a saturated organic heterobicyclic parent and a diamine.

DABCO 33-LV is a gelling catalyst and a bidentate ligand that forms a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a variety of substrates.
DABCO 33-LV functionalizes the surface and immobilizes the surface atoms.
DABCO 33-LV is an organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4.
DABCO 33-LV is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.
DABCO 33-LV has a role as a catalyst, a reagent and an antioxidant.
DABCO 33-LV is a bridged compound, a tertiary amino compound, a saturated organic heterobicyclic parent and a diamine.

DABCO 33-LV Chemical Properties
Melting point: 156-159 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 174 °C
Density: 1.02 g/mL
Vapor pressure: 2.9 mm Hg ( 50 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.4634(lit.)
Fp: 198 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: 400g/l
Form: Hygroscopic Crystals
Pka: 3.0, 8.7(at 25℃)
Color: White to pale yellow
Water Solubility: 46 g/100 mL (26 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,9669
BRN: 103618
Stability: Stable, but very hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids. Highly flammable.
LogP: -0.49 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 280-57-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: DABCO 33-LV(280-57-9)
EPA Substance Registry System: DABCO 33-LV(280-57-9)

Triethylenediamine also known as DABCO 33-LV or TEDA, is a highly symmetrical molecule with a cage structure.
The colorless extremely hygroscopic crystals is a highly nucleophilic tertiary amine base, which is used as a catalyst and reagent in polymerization and organic synthesis.

Reactions
The pKa of [HDABCO]+ (the protonated derivative) is 8.8, which is almost the same as ordinary alkylamines.
The nucleophilicity of the amine is high because the amine centers are unhindered.
DABCO 33-LV is sufficiently basic to promote a variety of couping reactions

Uses
In chemical and biological defense, activated carbon is impregnated with DABCO 33-LV for use in filters for masks, collective protection systems, and the like.
An anti-fade reagent shown to scavenge free-radicals due to flurochrome excitation.
DABCO 33-LV is used as polyurethane catalyst, Balis-Hillman reaction catalyst complexing ligand and lewis base.
DABCO 33-LV finds use in dye lasers and in mounting samples for fluorescence microscopy and as anti-fade reagent shown to scavenge free radicals due to flurochrome excitation of fluorochromes.
Further, DABCO 33-LV is an oxidation and polymerization catalyst.

Production
DABCO 33-LV is produced by thermal reactions of compounds of the type H2NCH2CH2X (X = OH, NH2, or NHR) in the presence of zeolitic catalysts.
An idealized conversion is shown for the conversion from ethanolamine:

3 H2NCH2CH2OH → N(CH2CH2)3N + NH3 + 3 H2O

Purification Methods
DABCO 33-LV crystallises from 95% EtOH, pet ether or MeOH/diethyl ether (1:1).
Dry DABCO 33-LV under vacuum over CaCl2 and BaO.
DABCO 33-LV can be sublimed in vacuo, and readily at room temperature.
DABCO 33-LV has also been purified by removal of water during azeotropic distillation of a benzene solution.
DABCO 33-LV is then recrystallised twice from anhydrous diethyl ether under argon, and stored under argon.

Synonyms
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Triethylenediamine
280-57-9
Dabco
1,4-DIAZABICYCLO(2.2.2)OCTANE
1,4-Ethylenepiperazine
Dabco 33LV
Dabco crystal
TEDA
Texacat TD 100
Dabco S-25
N,N'-endo-Ethylenepiperazine
D 33LV
1,4-Diazabicyclo-octane
Dabco EG
Dabco R-8020
Thancat TD 33
Bicyclo(2,2,2)-1,4-diazaoctane
1,4-diazabicyclooctane
1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane
1,4-Diazobicyclo(2.2.2)octane
Dabco crystalline
1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Triethylene diamine
NSC 56362
Tegoamin 33
CCRIS 6692
TED
HSDB 5556
1,4-Diaza[2.2.2]bicyclooctane
EINECS 205-999-9
1,4-Diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane
UNII-X8M57R0JS5
AI3-24809
X8M57R0JS5
DTXSID0022016
1,4-Diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Bicyclo[2.2.2]-1,4-diazaoctane
NSC-56362
Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 1,4-diaza-
1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco)
1,4-DIAZABICYCLO-(2,2,2)-OCTANE
EC 205-999-9
DTXCID902016
1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane
1,4-diazobicyclo(2,2,2)octane
1,4-diazobicyclo[2,2,2]octane
1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2)octane
1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane
1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2) octane
1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)-octane
1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octane
1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane
1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane
1,4-diazabicyclo-[2,2,2]-octane
Triethylene-diamine
CAS-280-57-9
MFCD00006689
Trietilenodiamina
Tego Amine
Kaolizer 31
Tegamine 33
Activator 105E
Dabco 3LV
Texacat TD 33
Texacat TD-33
14-Ethylenepiperazine
Jeffcat TD 100
1,4-etilenopiperazina
Dabco S 25
Minico L 1020
PC-TD
1,4-DIAZABICYCLO-[2.2.2]OCTANE
Niax A 33
Teda L 33
Dabco L 1202
D0Y4AS
TEDA-L33
PC CAT TD 33
SCHEMBL14938
DABCO(R) 33-LV
N N'-endo-Ethylenepiperazine
TRIETHYLENEDIAMINE [MI]
33LV
GTPL2577
SCHEMBL7266053
CHEMBL3183414
1,4diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane
TRIETHYLENEDIAMINE [HSDB]
1.4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan
1,4-Diazabicylo[2.2.2]octane
CHEBI:151129
1,4 diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane
1,4-diazabicyclo-2,2,2-octane
1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,21octane
1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.21octane
1,4-Diazabicylco[2,2,2]octane
AE 33
L 33E
LV 33
1,4- diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane
1,4-di azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
1,4-diaza bicyclo[2,2,2]octane
1,4-diaza bicyclo[2.2.2]octane
1,4-diazabicyclo (2,2,2)octane
1,4-diazabicyclo-[2,2,2]octane
1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]-octane
AMY25627
HY-Y0566
NSC56362
Bicyclo[2.2.2]-1 4-diazaoctane
Tox21_201323
Tox21_302908
1,4-diazabiciclo [2.2.2] octano
1,4-diazabicyclo (2,2,2) octane
1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane
STL185594
TD 100
1,4-Diazabicyclo-nu[2.2.2]octane
Biciclo [2.2.2]-1,4-diazaoctano
Diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane, 1,4-
1,4-diaza bicyclo-[2,2.2]-octane
1,4-diaza-bicyclo-[2,2,2]-octane
AKOS000119052
CS-W020025
NCGC00249025-01
NCGC00256609-01
NCGC00258875-01
88935-43-7
BP-13441
L 33
LC 96003
LS-59703
PS-11951
D0134
FT-0700572
EN300-18991
D70975
Q423673
Q-201875
triethylenediamine/ 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
F1908-0059
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
InChI=1/C6H12N2/c1-2-8-5-3-7(1)4-6-8/h1-6H
DABCO NE300
DESCRIPTION:
DABCO NE300 is a non-emissive amine catalyst.
DABCO NE300 Promotes the urea (water isocyanate) reaction.
DABCO NE300 reacts into the polyurethane matrix, thereby not contributing to emissions.



DABCO NE300 Offers no amine emissions, no VOC emissions, no vinyl staining and no windshield fogging.
DABCO NE300 Possesses master batch stability.
DABCO NE300 is used in all molded and high density foam applications to meet OEM emission specifications such as VDA 278.
Dabco NE300 is used in any water-blown TDI or TDI/MDI high resiliency (HR) foam, and in TDI/MDI or MDI-based, cold-cured molded polyurethane foam.

DABCO NE 300 is a highly efficient low emissive blow catalyst suitable for replacement of BDMAEE catalysts.
DABCO NE300 is Non – emitting, lowest odor reactive amine catalyst, excellent operating width.
DABCO NE300 has Strong foaming, low odor.

Applications of DABCO NE300:
DABCO NE300 is Reactive foaming catalyst, low odor, strong foaming.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DABCO NE300:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


Dabigatran
SYNONYMS BIBR-953, N-[[2-[[[4-(Aminoiminomethyl)phenyl]amino]methyl]-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]carbonyl]-N-2-pyridinyl-β-alanine cas no:211914-51-1
DADMAC
1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione; 1,3-BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN; 1,3-DIHYDROXYLMETHYL-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN; 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin; bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione; Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; Dimethyloldimethyl hydantoin; DMDMH; dmdm hydantoin; 1,3-bis; 1,3-bis(dihydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-imidazolidinedione; 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-hydantoi; 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione; 1,3-di(Hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; 1,3-Dihydroxymethyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin; 2,4-Imidazolidinedione,1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl; 4-Imidazolidinedione,1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2; dantoindmdmh55 CAS NO:6440-58-0
Dantogard 2000
Ammonium phosphate, dibasic; Diammonium hydrogenorthophosphate; Phosphoric Acid, Diammonium Salt; DAP; Diammonium hydrogenphosphate; Diammonium phosphate; Ammonium hydrogen phosphate; cas no: 7783-28-0
DAP (DI AMONNIUM PHOSPHATE)
D-Aspartic Acid; D-2-Aminobutanedioic acid; D-aminosuccinic acid; d-(-)Aspartic acid; H-D-Asp-OH; NMDA; N-Methyl-D-aspartic Acid, Hydrate; CAS NO: 1783-96-6
D-Aspartic Acid
2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE; 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo Acetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; DBNPA; Dibromocyanoacetamide CAS NO:10222-01-2
DBE DIBASIC ESTER
DBE dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
DBE dibasic ester is readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but only slightly soluble in water and higher paraffins.


CAS Number:95481-62-2
EC Number: 619-131-5
MDL number: MFCD00152995
Linear Formula: CH3O2C(CH2)nCO2CH3 (n=2,3,4)
Molecular Formula: C21H36O12


DBE dibasic ester is readily biodegradable.
DBE dibasic ester is refined dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids.
DBE dibasic ester is a clear, colorless liquid having a mild, characteristic fruity odour.


DBE dibasic ester is readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but are only slightly soluble in water and hydrocarbons.
DBE dibasic ester is non-flammable, noncorrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly formulation options.
DBE dibasic ester is composed of a liquid mixture of dimethyl dicarboxylic acid esters including dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate and dimethyl succinate.


DBE dibasic ester is non-flammable, readily biodegradable,
non-corrosive and has a mild odor.
DBE dibasic ester is a mixture of dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate.


DBE dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
DBE dibasic ester is depending on the application, the alcohol may be methanol or higher molecular weight monoalcohols.
DBE dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.


DBE dibasic ester is normally a mixture of dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate.
Environmentally friendly high boiling point solvent DBE dibasic ester, also known as divalent acid ester, dibasic acid ester, mixed acid dimethyl ester, is a mixture of divalent acid esters.


Colorless transparent liquid, slightly aromatic, DBE dibasic ester's main components are dimethyl succinate CH3OOC(CH2)2COOCH3 , dimethyl glutarate CH3OOC(CH2)3COOCH3, adipic acid Dimethyl acid CH3OOC(CH2)4COOCH3.
DBE dibasic ester is an environmentally friendly high boiling point solvent that can be biodegraded.


DBE dibasic ester is an environmentally friendly coating solvent with good solubility, low volatility, easy flow, high safety, non-toxicity, photochemical stability, etc.
DBE dibasic ester is non-toxic,colorless transparent liquid with light ester aroma.


DBE dibasic ester is the refined dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids.
DBE dibasic ester is non-flammable, non-corrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly product.
Easily soluble in alcohol and only slightly soluble in water, DBE dibasic ester is colorless, clear and has a slightly fruity odor.


DBE dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
Depending on the application, the alcohol may be methanol or higher molecular weight monoalcohols.
Mixtures of different methyl dibasic esters are commercially produced from short-chain acids such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, and succinic acid.


They are non-flammable, readily biodegradable, non-corrosive, and have a mild, fruity odour.
Dibasic esters of phthalates, adipates, and azelates with C8 - C10 alcohols have found commercial use as lubricants, spin finishes, and additives.
DBE dibasic ester is a refined mixture of dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids.


DBE dibasic ester is a liquid non-flammable, readily biodegradable and non-corrosive with mild fruity odor. ​
DBE dibasic ester is readily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers, and many hydrocarbons, but only slightly soluble in water and higher paraffins.
DBE dibasic ester is a chemical mixture of dimethyl esters.


DBE dibasic ester is a colorless, clear liquid with a mild, pleasant odor.
DBE dibasic ester is a diverse and ecologically compatible alternative to many other solvents that require labeling.
DBE dibasic ester has a number of advantages such as high solubility and a low risk potential for humans and the environment.


DBE dibasic ester also has a high flash point and very low volatility.
DBE dibasic ester is easily soluble in alcohols, ketones, ethers and most hydrocarbons, whereas it is slightly soluble in substances such as water or higher paraffinic hydrocarbons.


DBE dibasic ester is a very interesting product due to its wide range of applications.
DBE dibasic ester is a mixed dibasic acid ester with a high boiling point.
DBE dibasic ester is a kind of low toxicity, low odor, biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvent.
DBE dibasic ester is readily biodegradable, low odor, low VOC solvents used in a wide variety of industrial and specialty applications.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
DBE dibasic ester is used in paints, paint strippers, coatings, plasticizers, resins, binders, solvents, polyols, soil stabilization, chemical grouting, oilfield drilling fluids, crop protection products, cedar spray, and adhesives.
DBE dibasic ester can be the substitute of isophorone, cyclohexanonel, ether type of solvent and so on.


DBE dibasic ester is extensively applied in the fields of coin steel coating,automobile coating,baking coating,tin plate printing coating,carpentry coating,vessel/can coating,printing ink industry,metal furniture coating, founfry resin and insulating coating industry.
DBE dibasic ester is used to paint strippers, coatings, plasticisers, resins, solvents and adhesives.


DBE dibasic ester is a mixture of dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate and dimethyl adipate used in paints, coil coatings, paint strippers, coatings, plasticisers, resins, binders, solvents, polyols, soil stabilization, chemical grouting, oilfield drilling fluids, crop protection products, cedar spray, and adhesives.



DBE dibasic ester is mainly used as a high boiling point solvent in the coating industry and can replace Isophorone, glycol ether, cyclohexanone and other highly toxic solvents are used for baking synthetic resin coatings and high-temperature quick-drying coil coatings, sheet coatings, and can inner and outer wall coatings.


DBE dibasic ester is used in automotive coatings to achieve the ideal gloss and smoothness of the intermediate and topcoat paint films.
DBE dibasic ester can also be used in paint strippers and cleaning agents, and is widely used in industries such as inks, casting new adhesives and organic synthetic intermediates.


DBE dibasic ester acts as a coating agent for magnet and enamel wires, magnetic memory discs, automobiles, coils, cans, sheets, industrial paint, et cetera.
DBE dibasic ester is used in paints, coil coatings, paint strippers, coatings, plasticisers, resins, binders, solvents, polyols, soil stabilization, chemical grouting, oilfield drilling fluids, crop protection products, cedar spray, and adhesives.


DBE dibasic ester was commonly used as lubricants, solvents, plasticizers, additives, and spin finishes.
DBE dibasic ester acts as a coating agent for magnet and enamel wires, magnetic memory discs, automobiles, coils, cans, sheets, industrial paint, et cetera.
DBE dibasic ester is commonly used as lubricants, solvents, plasticizers, additives, and spin finishes.


DBE dibasic ester acts as a coating agent for magnet and enamel wires, magnetic memory discs, automobiles, coils, cans, sheets, industrial paint, et cetera.
In seemingly direct contrast from its use with paint, DBE dibasic ester is also considered an excellent stripping agent.
DBE dibasic ester can easily clean through resin and paint, polyurethane, coatings, inks, and other polar substances.


Many metropolitan areas use DBE dibasic ester to remove graffiti and spray paint from building façades.
The slow evaporation rate of DBE dibasic ester means it can be applied to a surface and work through the grime or coating over time without any necessary reapplication.


As a cleaner, DBE dibasic ester is not caustic to the environment, which has led many organizations to incorporate this chemical into their cleaning regimen.
DBE dibasic ester is used with other esters or solvents, a unique formula can be created for varied uses.


Because DBE dibasic ester evaporates slowly, it can be repeatedly used after recycling.
Many industrial solvents have been placed on the environmental watch list; DBE dibasic ester can replace several of these more dangerous chemicals.
The plastics industry utilizes DBE dibasic ester in a variety of ways including as intermediates for polyester polyols for urethanes.


Polyester and epoxy find DBE dibasic ester the perfect ingredient to create a sealing coat.
Soil stabilization is an agricultural facet of DBE dibasic ester, which is also added to pesticides and insecticides.
Other applications of DBE dibasic ester include its use in liquid detergents, in corrosion inhibition, and for textile lubrication.


DBE dibasic ester might be the perfect industrial chemical for your organization.
Whether you are cleaning an area, stripping paint from surfaces, or coating surfaces to deter corrosion, DBE dibasic ester is a good choice for your business and the environment.


DBE dibasic ester is used Solvents in can/coil, waterborne, magnet wire and automotive coatings.
DBE dibasic ester is used Industrial cleaners, paint removers, foundry core binders, printing inks, textile, lubricants, urethane reaction solvents, peroxide solvents and chemical grouting/soil stabilization.


DBE dibasic ester is used in paints, coil coatings, paint strippers, coatings, plasticisers, resins, binders, solvents, polyols, soil stabilization, chemical grouting, oilfield drilling fluids, crop protection products, cedar spray, and adhesives.
DBE dibasic ester was commonly used as lubricants, solvents, plasticizers, additives, and spin finishes.


DBE dibasic ester is extensively applied in the fields of coin steel coating, automobile coating, baking coating, tin plate printing coating, carpentry coating, vessel/can coating, printing ink industry, metal furniture coating, founfry resin, and insulating coating industry.
DBE dibasic ester can be the substitute for isophorone, cyclohexanone, ether type of solvent and so on.


DBE dibasic ester offers very good solvency, high boiling point, low vapor pressure, slow evaporation, high flashpoint, low toxicity and mild odor.
DBE dibasic ester provides compatibility with many plastics including polyethylene, polypropylene, fluorocarbon resins, nylon, and acetal resin, and with elastomers such as silicone, ethylene/propylene rubber, butyl rubber and fluoropolymers.


DBE dibasic ester is mainly used as a solvent and intermediate.
DBE dibasic ester is used graffiti removers, paint strippers, industrial cleaning solutions, automotive coatings, industrial coatings, coil coatings, printing inks, agrochemical soil stabilization, and household and industrial liquid detergents / cleaners.


DBE dibasic ester is suitable for dissolving polar substances such as polyurethane, polyester and acrylate resins and can be mixed with water using a variety of surfactants.
DBE dibasic ester is used in paints, coatings, plasticizers, chemical intermediates, resins, binders, grouting, oilfield drilling fluid and adhesives.


DBE dibasic ester used to make polyurethane coatings, flexible foams and rigid foams.
DBE dibasic ester is used in can and coil coatings, foundry core binders, acrylic lacquers, wood finishes, printing inks, paint strippers, various industrial cleaning applications including metal degreasing, GRP resin cleaning, hand cleaning etc., grouting, sealants and wax formulations, etc.


DBE dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid used as solvent in paints, coil coatings, paint strippers, coatings, plasticizers, resins, binders, solvents, polyols, soil stabilization, chemical grouting, oilfield drilling fluids, crop protection products, cedar spray, and adhesives.
DBE dibasic ester is widely used in paints, coatings, printing inks, and other fields.


DBE dibasic ester is used as a solvent.
DBE dibasic ester can be used as an extender in coatings, and has been shown to have good resistance to abrasion, weathering, and corrosion.
DBE dibasic ester is also used in the reduction process of epoxides, which are important for many industrial processes.


DBE dibasic ester can be used in the manufacture of solvents, such as diethylene glycol ethers and ethylene glycol ethers.
DBE dibasic ester is a component of stripper oil, which is used to remove coatings from metals or plastics.
DBE dibasic ester can be found in polystyrene insulation materials.


DBE dibasic ester is used as a solvent in paints and varnishes, cleaners and mold hardeners.
DBE dibasic ester can provide low temperature flexibility and is excellent plasticizer for PVC and other polymer systems.
DBE dibasic ester is used as a solvent in adhesives, seals and gaskets.


DBE dibasic ester can also be used as an intermediate product for PU foams and plasticizers.
When it comes to environmental protection, in particular, DBE dibasic ester is an indispensable alternative to traditional solvents such as methylene chloride and acetone, which means that the area of ​​application is constantly growing.


DBE dibasic ester is used Bio-based replacement for dibasic ester.
DBE dibasic ester is a used solvent for formulations and cleaning.
DBE dibasic ester is used solvent for industrial and household paints.


DBE dibasic ester is a used solvent for automotive, wire enamel, and other coatings.
DBE dibasic ester is a used solvent for polyester and epoxy sealing coats.
DBE dibasic ester is a used solvent for ink formulations, including printer inks.


DBE dibasic ester is used in HI&I cleaning applications.
DBE dibasic ester is a dibasic ester that is used as a solvent.
DBE dibasic ester can be used as an extender in coatings, and has been shown to have good resistance to abrasion, weathering, and corrosion.


DBE dibasic ester is also used in the reduction process of epoxides, which are important for many industrial processes.
DBE dibasic ester can be used in the manufacture of solvents, such as diethylene glycol ethers and ethylene glycol ethers.
DBE dibasic ester is a component of stripper oil, which is used to remove coatings from metals or plastics.


DBE dibasic ester has been shown to inhibit some organisms (e.g., bacteria) at low concentrations and may be toxic at high concentrations.
DBE dibasic ester can be found in polystyrene insulation materials.



BENEFITS OF USING DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
*Better cleaning power than petroleum-based dibasic ester
*Precision cleaning solvent that dries completely and leaves no residue
*20-30 percent more efficient in viscosity reduction than dibasic ester
*Provides excellent flow characteristics in formulation
*Safe, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic
*High loading capacity
*Easy and inexpensive to distill or recycle
*100 percent biodegradable to carbon dioxide and water
*Carbon neutral
*EPA approved SNAP solvent
*No ozone-depleting chemicals (ODCs)
*No environmentally hazardous ingredients
*No hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)



INDUSTRIES OF DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
*Building & Construction,
*Printing & Packaging,
*Agriculture,
*Chemical Manufacturing,
*Construction,
*Consumer Goods,
*Oil & Energy,
*Paints & Coatings,
*HI&I Care,
*Adhesive & Sealants,
*Industrial



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
DBE dibasic ester is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid.
DBE dibasic ester is non-flammable, non-corrosive, and quickly biodegrading – all factors leading to an environmentally-friendly product.
Easily soluble in alcohol and only slightly soluble in water, DBE dibasic ester is colorless, clear and has a slightly fruity odor.



USE DBE DIBASIC ESTER AS A REPLACEMENT FOR:
*N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)
*MEK
*Methylene chloride
*Isophorone
*Certain glycol ethers and their acetates
*Acetone
*Cresylic acid



DBE DIBASIC ESTER MIXTURE- USE:
divalent acid esters are widely used in automotive coatings, color steel plate coatings, canned coatings, enameled wire and household electrical materials, furniture wood coatings and other industries. Examples of its application are as follows:

1) Preparation of nano anti-scaling and anti-corrosion coatings for gathering and transportation pipelines, which are applied to anti-scaling and anti-corrosion in petroleum gathering and transportation pipelines.

It is characterized in that it is composed of 1 part by weight of agent A and 0.1 to 0.3 parts by weight of agent B, agent A includes bisphenol A epoxy resin, n-butanol, xylene, divalent acid ester, polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane, high molecular weight block copolymer containing pigment affinity group, foam-breaking polysiloxane, polyether siloxane co-polymer, polyacrylate, high molecular weight polycarboxylic acid containing amine derivatives, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide, sericite, talc and flake graphite; Among them, agent B includes polyamide.

The effect is: the coating has excellent workability and storage stability, and the coating film has excellent anti-fouling performance and excellent corrosion resistance.
The scale inhibition rate of pipelines can reach above 80%.

2) an environment-friendly high-performance bait brightener was prepared, which was composed of divalent acid ester, PVC powder, free radical photoinitiator, ethyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, liquid paraffin and magnetized water.
This product uses divalent acid ester and PVC powder as the main raw materials, supplemented by free radical photoinitiator, ethyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, liquid paraffin and magnetized water, and is refined by advanced production technology.

Among them, ethyl acetate and polyvinyl butyral mainly play a role in increasing viscosity, so that the brightener can adhere to the surface of the bait, and ethyl acetate has a fruity smell, which is easy to attract fish for food.
The main function of divalent acid ester is to dissolve PVC powder, which has the effects of brightening and improving gloss.

It is a degradable and environment-friendly solvent.
After the bait brightener is impregnated, heated and dried, the product can present a high-light state, with bright color, lifelike, and high fish lure rate, especially to attract fish in deep waters.



DBE DIBASIC ESTER MIXTURE- PRODUCTION METHOD:
(1) continuous catalytic esterification: including the first catalytic esterification and the second catalytic esterification: a first catalytic esterification: according to the mass ratio of nylon acid, methanol and hydrous cerium sulfate catalyst of 1:1.3:0.02, weigh each raw material, add the raw materials nylon acid and methanol to the reaction kettle in sequence, then add the hydrous cerium sulfate catalyst, heat while stirring, heat to 120 ℃, keep the temperature unchanged, the pressure inside the reaction kettle is controlled to be 125KPa, and the reaction is carried out for 1 hour.

The aqueous cerium sulfate catalyst is composed of cerium sulfate active component and double mesoporous silicon carrier, wherein the mass percentage of cerium sulfate is 42%, and the balance is double mesopores.
The pore size of the small mesopores of the double mesopores is 3-5nm, and the pore size of the large mesopores is 10.
B The second catalytic esterification: The reaction is carried out by continuously introducing methanol into the reaction kettle.

The water generated by the reaction is brought out with methanol to continue the reaction.
The amount of methanol added is the amount of methanol added in the first catalytic esterification. 143%, this reaction stage is an atmospheric reaction.
The reaction temperature is controlled by controlling the methanol inlet speed.

The reaction temperature at this stage is 130 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, and adding titanate catalysts, the addition amount is 8.2‰ of the total mass of the reactants, and the acid value is measured for 5 hours.
When the acid value reaches less than 5mgKOH/g, the temperature is rapidly reduced to 65 ℃, the reaction is stopped, and the crude product is obtained.
The titanate catalyst is a mixture of tetraethyl titanate, tetrapropyl titanate and tetraisopropyl titanate, and the mass ratio is 2:5:3.

(2) alkali washing and neutralization: filter and separate the catalyst, slowly add 20% NaHCO3 to the crude product of the reaction kettle, stir at a rate of 100rad/min while adding at a temperature of 85 ℃, stop adding and continue stirring for 10min when the acid value of the crude product is lower than 0.5mgKOH/g; The separated catalyst is reused after simple treatment, and the number of times of use is recorded.

(3) standing at low temperature: place the above products at an ambient temperature of -3 ℃ and stand for 25min. after stratification, the water layer is separated to remove water.

(4) pump the crude product material after water removal into the light removal tower, reduce the pressure to -0.01MPa, set the top temperature to 105 ℃, remove the light components, and circulate the methanol in the light components to the catalytic esterification reactor for reuse after dehydration and impurity removal; The packing layer provided in the light removal tower adopts polypropylene plastic step ring, the diameter of the step ring used is 50mm, and the top part adopts reflux in tube.

(5) put the crude product with light components removed into the weight removal tower, and decompress to remove the heavy components; The pressure after decompression is controlled to-0.085MPa, the top temperature of the weight removal tower is controlled to 125 ℃, the bottom temperature of the tower is controlled to 150 ℃, the reflux ratio is set to 0.7, and the products at the top of the tower are collected.

The product processed by the above method, after testing, the color of the product is stable, the chromaticity is light, and the chromaticity is not much different.
The main component is NME (dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate)

The purity of NME is 99.82%, of which the content of methanol is 0.021%, and the content of mono-methyl ester is 0.012 ‰; after the quality analysis of the various components before, the selectivity of the reaction is 99.83%; the acid value of the product is 0.14mgKOH/g; the moisture content of the product is 0.020%; after the catalyst is used for 30 times, the activity decreases less than 10%, it is stable during use, and has good reuse performance.
It is not easy to be poisoned, will not corrode equipment, and will not pollute the environment.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
Molecular Formula: C21H36O12
Molecular Weight: 480.51
MDL Number: MFCD00152995
Melting point: -20°C
Boiling point: 196-225 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.19 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.424(lit.)
Flash point: 212 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
explosive limit: 8 %
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H14O4.C7H12O4.C6H10O4/c1-11-7(9)5-3-4-6-8(10)12-2;1-10-6(8)4-3-5-7(9)11-2;1-9-5(7)3-4-6(8)10-2/h3-6H2,1-2H3;3-5H2,1-2H3;3-4H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(=O)(OC)CCC(=O)OC.C(C(=O)OC)CCCC(=O)OC.C(C(=O)OC)CCC(=O)OC
EPA Substance Registry System: Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate (95481-62-2)
Boiling Point: 196-225 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 212 °F
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.424 (lit.)
Form: Liquid
Appearance: liquid
Auto Ignition Temperature: 370 °C (698 °F)

Boiling Point: 195 - 230 °C (383 - 446 °F)
Color: colorless
Density: 1.076 - 1.096 g/cm3 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Flash Point: 100 °C (212 °F)
Lower Explosion Limit: 0.9 %(V)
Odor: slight, aromatic
Relative Density: 1.076 - 1.096 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Reference Material: (water = 1)
Upper Explosion Limit: 8.0 %(V)
Vapor Pressure: 0.2 mmHg @ 20 °C (68 °F)
Physical Form: Liquid
CAS Number: 95481-62-2
Chemical Name: Dibasic Ester
Molecular Formula: 480.5 g/mol
EC Number: 214-277-2
IUPAC Name: Dibasic dimethyl esters
Synonyms: DBE
Molecular Weight: 480.5 g/mol
Density: 1.19 g/mL
Melting Point: - 20 Degree C
Boiling Point: 225 Degree C
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 480.5
APPEARANCE: Colorless liquid

DENSITY: 1.092 g/cm3
REFRACTIVE INDEX: 1.424
COLOR: 15 max
ASSAY: 99 % min
WATER CONTENT: 0.1 % max
BOILING POINT: 196 - 225 °C
MELTING POINT: -20 °C
FLASH POINT: 100 °C
CAS No.: 95481-62-2
Molecular Formula: C8H14O4.C7H12O4.C6H10O4
InChIKeys: InChIKey=QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 480.5
Exact Mass: 480.220673
EC Number: 619-131-5
HScode: 38249992
PSA: 157.8
XLogP3: 1.5081
Appearance: Liquid
Density: 1.19g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
Melting Point: -20°C
Boiling Point: 196-225°C(lit.)
Flash Point: 212°F
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.424(lit.)

Vapor Pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Molecular Formula: C21H36O12
Molar Mass: 480.5
Density: 1.19 g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
Melting Point: -20°C
Boling Point: 196-225°C(lit.)
Flash Point: 212°F
Vapor Presure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Explosive Limit: 8%
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.424(lit.)
Molecular Formula: C21H36O12
Molecular Weight: 480.5
CAS Number: 95481-62-2
Appearance Colorless: Transparent Liquid
Solubility: Insoluble in water or carbon dioxide
Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 480.5
APPEARANCE: Colorless Liquid
DENSITY: 1.092 g/cm3

REFRACTIVE INDEX: 1.424
ASSAY: > 99.0 %
BOILING POINT: 196 - 225 °C
CLASS: Resins and Paints
Molecular Weight: 480.5 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 12
Rotatable Bond Count: 18
Exact Mass: 480.22067658 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 480.22067658 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 158Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 33
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 374
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available

Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 196 - 225 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 8 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 0,9 %(V)
Flash point: 100 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 370 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available

Vapor pressure: 0,3 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,092 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting Point: -20°C
Boiling Point: 196-225 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 212 °F
Appearance: liquidDensity: 1.19 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor Pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.424(lit.)
Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: N/A
Explosive Limit: 8%CAS
CAS NO:95481-62-2
Molecular Formula: C21H36O12
Molecular Weight: 480.5
EINECS: N/A
Product Categories: Polymer Science;Plasticizers;Polymer Additives
Mol File: 95481-62-2.mol



FIRST AID MEASURES of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
-General advice:
Consult a physician.
-If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
-In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
-If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
-Specific end use(s):
No other specific uses are stipulated



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DBE DIBASIC ESTER:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.



SYNONYMS:
DBE, Dibasic ester mixture
DBE
DIBASIC ESTER
DIBASIC ACID
IMSOL
meso-Dibenzylaminosuccinic acid
ESTASOL
DBE,MDBE
Binary ester
DBE DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic acid ester
Dimethyl butanedioate
Dimethyl hexanedioate
Dimethyl pentanedioate
DBE
MADE
IMSOL
DIBASIC ACID
DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic Esters
Dbe Dibasic Ester
DBE DIBASIC ESTER
Dibasic Esters(DBE)
DBE, Dibasic ester mixture
Mixed Aliphatic Dimethyl Esters
DBE,Dibasic Esters,Dimethyl butanedioate
Dimethyl butanedioate
Dimethyl hexanedioate
Dimethyl pentanedioate
Estasol
Dibasic ester
95481-62-2
RDPE
dimethyl butanedioate;dimethyl hexanedioate
dimethyl pentanedioate
DBE dibasic ester
Pentanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl hexanedioate
Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butandedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate
Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate
SCHEMBL4450294
QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
dimethyl adipate dimethyl glutarate dimethyl succinate
dimethyl adipate compound with dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate (1:1:1)
DBE, Dibasic ester mixture
Ester mixture (methyl esters) of diacids C4, C5 und C6
DBE
DBE,Dibasic Esters,Dimethyl butanedioate
IMSOL
DBE DIBASIC ESTER
DIMETHYL ADIPATE/DIMETHYL GLUTARATE/DIMETHYL SUCCINATE
DIBASIC ACID



D-BİOTİN
Coenzyme R; Vitamin H; Biotin; beta-Biotin; (3aS-(3aalpha,4b,6aalpha))-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidaz- ole-4-pentanoic acid; (3aS,4S,6aR)-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-valeric acid; 2'-Keto-3,4-imidazolido-2-tetrahydrothiophene-N-valeric acid; Bioepiderm; Biotina; Biotine; Biotinum; D-Biotin; Factor S; Injacom H; Medebiotin; Vitamin B7; Vitamin Bw; cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4)imidazole-4-valeric acid; cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid cas no:58-85-5
DBNPA
DBNPA or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions. It is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.DBNPA acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

CAS NO: 10222-01-2
EC NO: 233-539-7
IUPAC NAMES:
2, 2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
2,2 DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE
2,2-Dibrom-3-nitrilpropionamid
2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide
2,2-dibromo-3-cyanopropanamide
2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
DBNPA
Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
Dibromocyanoacetamide

SYNOMNYS

2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE;10222-01-2;;2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide;Dbnpa;Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-;2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide;XD-7287l Antimicrobial;2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile;UNII-7N51QGL6MJ;Dibromocyano acetic acid amide;XD-1603;7N51QGL6MJ;Caswell No. 287AA;NSC 98283;HSDB 6982;Dibromonitrilopropionamide;XD 7287L;EINECS 233-539-7;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801;BRN 1761192;2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide;Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-;DBNP;DSSTox_CID_12361;DSSTox_RID_78926;NCIOpen2_006184;DSSTox_GSID_32361;SCHEMBL23129;3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-;ACMC-20980y;2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide;CHEMBL1878278;DTXSID5032361;NSC98283;ZINC1638458;2,2, Dibromo 3-Nitrilopropionamide;2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide;Tox21_300089;ANW-14672;MFCD00129791;NSC-98283;SBB008529;2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI;2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile;2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%;AKOS015833850;2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide;MCULE-9977107579;NCGC00164203-01;NCGC00164203-02;NCGC00253921-01;AS-12928;SC-22750;CAS-10222-01-2;DB-027512;D2902;FT-0612090;2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA);22D012;A800546;Q-102771;2,2-Dibrom-3-nitrilpropionamid;2,2-dibromo-3-cyanopropanamide;Slimicide 508;2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-ethanamide;2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile;Dibromocyanoacetamide;BE 3S;DBNPA;D-244;DBNPA1;BIOBRO;Busan 94;DBNPA20%;NSC 98283;DBNPA 7287;Mucosin NT;acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-;2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide;2- cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide;cyanodibromoacetamide;2,2- dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile;2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide;2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide;dibromocyanoacetamide;2 2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo-Propionamid

DBNPA (2,2, dibromo-3-nitrilo-proprionamide) has the following characteristics:
Compatible with the membrane
* Fast acting
* Cost effective
* Acceptable transportation, storage, stability and handling characteristics
* Broad spectrum control (e.g., planktonic and sessile organisms); algae control is seasonal and situational
* Biodegradable

DBNPA is used in a wide variety of applications. Some examples are papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries. It is also used as slime control on paper machines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide. Its crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.
High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of ppm concentrations of DBNPA and its degradation products in laboratory tests of several natural water samples were used to follow the reactions involved. A hydrolysis pathway leads to dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) and other products. The presence of organic material in the water leads to degradation by a second pathway in which monobromonitrilopropionamide (MBNPA) and several other degradation products are formed. The model describes quantitative relationships of DBNPA dosage and the natural water's organic material content, as measured by total organic carbon (TOC), in the degradation pathways of DBNPA. The model helps interpret the aquatic toxicity of the rapidly changing complex mixture produced during these degradations. Simulations of the DBNPA treatment of cooling towers were compared to limited experimental data which indicated that most of the degradation occurred by the pathway which produced the less toxic products

IDENTIFICATION: DBNPA is an off-white crystalline solid with a mild medicinal antiseptic odor. It is slightly volatile, very soluble in water, and corrosive.
USE: DBNPA is used to control bacteria, fungi and slime-forming algae in cooling water systems, evaporative condensers and heat exchangers, air washing systems, pulp mill and paper manufacturing, and oil extraction drilling fluids. It also is used as a preservative in paints, industrial coatings and adhesives, metalworking cutting fluids, and paper and paper products.
DBNPA was prepared by the method described by Hesse. The white product which resulted from bromination in an aqueous medium was recrystallized from benzene to give a compound with a
The melting point of 125 C. Purity was checked by elemental analysis, infrared analysis [IR (Nujol mull), 1,710 cm (C=O) l, and by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [NMR (dimethyl sulfoxide ), 8.36 6 (doublet) J.
Physical properties. Chemical properties. The white, crystalline DBNPA has been stable for at least four years under laboratory storage conditions. This conclusion is based upon no detectable change in appearance or biological activity during this storage period. DBNPA dissolves in water to give a relatively stable solution in an acid pH range. Its unusual solubility and stability in polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight, 200) make this glycol a preferred solvent. Aqueous solutions hydrolyze under alkaline conditions, with the rate of decomposition increases with the alkalinity. However, the rate of hydrolysis is not fast enough to interfere with the antimicrobial activity of fresh, alkaline (pH 7 to 9.5) solutions. Heat and ultraviolet and fluorescent light also cause aqueous solutions of DBNPA to degrade, as evidenced by the change of the antimicrobial endpoint as a given solution age. This ecomposition has also been substantiated by chemical analysis.
It is understood in the membrane industry that thin-film composite polyamide membranes have limited resistance to chlorine-based oxidants. Therefore, operators have relatively few options regarding chemicals that can be safely used to disinfect RO/NF systems and prevent bio growth/biofouling. One option is the chemical, DBNPA, which is a fastacting, non-oxidizing biocide which is very effective at low concentrations in controlling the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and algae.
DBNPA is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment. This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies. It is degraded by reactions with water, nucleophiles, and UV light (rate is dependent on pH and temperature). The approximate half-life is 24 hr @ pH 7,2 hr @ pH 8, 15 min @ pH 9. The vast majority of microorganisms that come into contact with it are killed within 5 to 10 minutes.
DBNPA is deactivated by reducing agents, so a higher concentration of DBNPA will be required if residual reducing agents are present in the feed water. For example, Sodium Bisulfite (SBS) will deactivate DBNPA. If SBS is dosed during service or flushing operations, additional DBNPA will be required at a suggested dose rate of 1.0 to 1.3 ppm DBNPA per 1 ppm of SBS to account for deactivation. Excess SBS can also be used to accelerate the deactivation of DBNPA in discharged waters. Although DBNPA is non-oxidizing, it will give an ORP reading of about 400 mv when in the range of 0.5 – 3 ppm ( for comparison, 1 ppm chlorine typically gives an ORP reading of about 700 mv). Intermittent dosing can be performed during service operation, during a low-pressure flush mode, or by a batch CIP (Clean-In-Place) system. RO/NF permeate may need to be diverted to drain as operations dictate, though it is estimated that greater than 98% of the DBNPA is rejected by brackish water membranes and greater than 99.5% by seawater membranes. For waters containing > 100 CFU/ml (or if you already have biofilm within the RO/NF system), suppliers recommend 30 ppm active ingredient for a full 3 hours. During intermittent dosing, the permeate should be dumped to drain if product water is for potable use. If a biofilm is present, sanitization should be preceded by an alkaline cleaning. For continuous dosing during service operation, between 0.5 to 2 ppm of active ingredient is recommended to maintain a biostatic environment. RO/NF permeate may need to be diverted to drain as operations dictate. Continuous dosing can be significantly more expensive in terms of operating costs so the site situation will dictate if this is instituted. DBNPA is deactivated by reducing agents, so a higher concentration of DBNPA will be required if residual reducing agents are present in the feed water. For example, Sodium Bisulfite (SBS) will deactivate DBNPA. If SBS is dosed during service or flushing operations, additional DBNPA will be required at a suggested dose rate of 1.0 to 1.3 ppm DBNPA per 1 ppm of SBS to account for deactivation. Excess SBS can also be used to accelerate the deactivation of DBNPA in discharged waters. Although DBNPA is non-oxidizing, it will give an ORP reading of about 400 mv when in the range of 0.5 – 3 ppm ( for comparison, 1 ppm chlorine typically gives an ORP reading of about 700 mv). For CIP use, 30 - 50 ppm of active ingredient for 1 hour would be recommended. For heavy biofilms, it should be followed by an alkaline cleaning. Test kits are available from the chemical suppliers to verify that DBNPA is at the desired concentration or has been completely rinsed from the system. According to its chemical properties, DBNPA can be degraded via two pathways; hydrolysis and nucleophilic reaction. For PT 4 nucleophilic reaction is the relevant pathway after DBNPA comes into contact with sulphur containing reducing species (“nucleophiles”), light or organic material (e.g., proteins, bacteria, humus/fulvic acids, etc.). DBNPA will quickly be degraded to cyanoacetamide (CAM). DBNPA is not readily biodegradable. Based on a weight of evidence approach including several studies from the open literature a degradation half life in soil (DT50) of 20.9 hours at 12oC was used for the risk assessment. In addition the default value of inherent biodegradable substances was included.
DBNPA has a very low vapour pressure, a low Henry’s law constant and is additionally not used in a manner, which leads to direct release to the atmosphere.
The mixing and loading process takes place in completely closed systems. Thus, the environmental exposure during mixing and loading is considered to be negligible compared to the actual application of DBNPA. The emission estimations for the use of DBNPA in PT4 have been determined using two different scenarios (a tonnage based scenario and a consumption based scenario) and a tiered approach. For CAM only the consumption based scenario, representing the realistic worst case scenario is evaluated
The standard method to apply DBNPA is intermittent dosing. The amount of DBNPA used depends on the severity of the biological fouling. With a water less prone to biological fouling, using 10 – 30 mg/L of the active ingredient for 30 minutes to 3 hours every 5 days can be effective. Because DBNPA is deactivated by reducing agents (such as sodium bisulfite used for chlorine removal), a higher concentration of DBNPA will be required if there is residual reducing agent in the feedwater. The concentration of DBNPA should be increased by 1 ppm of active ingredient for every ppm of residual reducing agent in the RO feedwater. To remove the dead biofilm, an alkaline cleaning is also recommended . Biocides, their degradation products, and other ingredients in their formulations are not always completely rejected by RO membranes. For this reason, during intermittent dosing, it may be necessary to discharge the permeate during biocide injection because the permeate may contain slightly elevated levels of organics. Note that although DBNPA is nonoxidizing, it does give an ORP response in approximately the 400 mV range at concentrations between 0.5 and 3 mg/L. For comparison, chlorine and bromine give a response in the 700 mV range at 1 mg/L, which increases with

The full name of DBNPA is 2-2-dibromo-3-nitriloproion amide. It is a broad-spectrum and efficient industrial fungicide. DBNPA is used to prevent bacteria and algae from growing in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, mechanical lubricants, pulp, wood, paint, and plywood. 2-2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is currently popular at home and abroad. Organic bromine fungicides.
Sterilization mechanism of DBNPA. DBNPA molecules can rapidly penetrate microbial cell membranes. Act on certain protein groups.

Intended use, target species and effectiveness
DBNPA is intended for use in food processing vessels (e.g. industrial mayonnaise or yogurt producing facilities, fermenters for beer or other fermented products), which are periodically disinfected after use. The disinfection and processing exclusively takes place in industry and only industrial workers may come into contact with DBNPA. DBNPA is a fast acting biocide and is exerting its biocidal action directly after its application.

DBNPA may be used to control bacteria and reduce biofouling in various membrane system types (reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration, nano-filtration, and microfiltration) used for industrial water processing. Acceptable industrial applications include reverse osmosis systems for the production of boiler make-up water for electric power production, electronic component rinsing, and in chemical manufacturing industry. DBNPA can also be used for off-line cleaning of RO membranes producing potable and municipal water.

DBNPA , has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) and true algae. The DBNPA molecule will function immediately upon introduction into the feed water and antimicrobial control is rapidly achieved if properly dosed.

DBNPA offers an advantageous combination of quick kill properties followed by fast chemical degradation, including hydrolysis. The dominant degradation pathway at use conditions invloves reactions with nucleophilic substances or organic material invariably
found in water. Nucleophilic degradation forms cyanoacetamide. When the disposal of concentrate involves the release to large open waterways, additional degradation will occur via exposure to UV-radiation. When sufficiently diluted, DBNPA and its degradation products become biodegradable. The ultimate degradation products formed from both chemical and biodegradation processes of DBNPA include ammonia, carbon dioxide, and bromide ions.
Therefore, meeting the local environmental regulations for the permitted discharge of the reject stream should not be affected with DBNPA use.


DBNPA product performance
Broad spectrum, fast and efficient sterilization performance
DBNPA has a broad spectrum of bactericidal properties. It has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.
Dibromo 3 Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is characterized by extremely fast sterilization and high efficiency. The sterilization rate can reach over 99% in 5-10 minutes. DBNPA was compared to the other three biocides. The results showed that when the same bactericidal effect was achieved, DBNPA was used at a dose of the only 7.5ppm, which is much lower than the other three fungicides.
Good inhibition of peeling on biofilms. When DBNPA is added to the system, its active components act rapidly on planktonic
microorganisms. It can be quickly sterilized. At the same time, the permeability of organic bromine is good. The active component of the agent rapidly penetrates the metal surface. Acts on smaller microbial communities. It allows rapid depolymerization and prevents the formation of biofilms.
For systems that have formed biofilms, the active components do not react with the slime layers in the biofilm. It quickly penetrates deeper into the biofilm. A microbial community acting at the junction of a biofilm and a metal surface. Destruction of its viscosity causes the biofilm to fall off.
Experimental studies have shown that for the peeling of the biofilm at the age of 7 days, the smaller dosage can achieve the same peeling effect, and the advantage of the peeling effect on the biofilm is very obvious.
Effectively kill Legionella
DBNPA on Legionella is very significant. Studies have shown that 2-5mg/L DBNPA (effective), can reduce Legionella 5-6 logs within 3 hours. 2-4 mg/L DBNPA (effective) can reduce Legionella by 6 logs for 2 hours. For Legionella in biofilms. 10mg/L DBNPA (effective), 12 hours can completely kill Legionella. Additional data indicate that low doses of organic bromine and glutaraldehyde are used in combination. Legionella in biofilms can be lowered to undetectable levels.
Rapid degradation
DBNPA is rapidly degraded to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromine salts upon completion of bactericidal action. It does not cause the enrichment of harmful ions in the water. There is no impact on the environment, so emissions are not restricted. This is a distinguishing feature of organic bromine biocides that distinguish them from other non-oxidizing biocides.




Effectively kill sulfate-reducing bacteria
The oilfield sewage has a high sulfate content, which is very beneficial to the reproduction of sulfate-reducing bacteria. The large-scale reproduction of sulfate-reducing bacteria will lead to an increase in the content of H2S in water. 2 2 Dibromo 3 Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts rapidly on sulfate-reducing bacteria. It can be quickly killed before it reacts with sulfate to form H2S.
Experimental studies have shown that 10 mg/L can effectively control the sulfate-reducing bacteria in the system, so as to completely remove the sulfide in the re-injection system and protect the system from sulfide corrosion.
DBNPA application areas and how to use
DBNPA application area
DBNPA is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.
The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.
Preservatives for paints, waxes, inks, detergents, surfactants, slurries, resins.
Process water, air purifier system in the machinery manufacturing industry, fungicides, and algicides in municipal water landscapes.
DBNPA usage
When used as a water treatment slime stripper, the DBNPA is added at a concentration of 30-50 mg/L.
Used as a water treatment bactericide for circulating cooling water systems. According to water retention, DBNPA is added at 10-20 mg/L.


DBNPA is also used in the process of papermaking to prevent reducing the quality of paper by a generation of microorganism.
It is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex, and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides. DBNPA has the following advantages.
-Easy to handle.
-No unusual oxidation hazards.
-Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.
-Slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
-DBNPA has exhibited outstanding efficiency against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus, and yeasts.
-Additionally, DBNPA series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives. Such as latex, starch and mineral slurries. It is a quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum and does not contain or release formaldehyde.


DBNPA is used as a non-oxidizing bactericide. In combination with bromine-based bactericides under frequent leakage conditions, the microbial control of the system can be improved. The specific plan is as follows.


Microbial control effect:
Under the harsh water quality conditions of the refinery system, DBNPA works synergistically with the bromine-based bactericide to better control the microorganisms. It has a good peeling performance in a system where biological slime breeds severely. After the system uses DBNPA biocide, the cooling tower packing and tower wall are clean, and no sticky mud algae breeds. DBNPA contributes to the maintenance of residual chlorine in bromine-based bactericides.
DBNPA Usage


1. It is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
2. It can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
3. Its branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
4. This product has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.


The biocide 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is the second most commonly used biocide in UOG after glutaraldehyde. DBNPA is a fast-acting electrophilic biocide; it is quick and effective in contact, but the protection is not long lasting. This biocide inhibits essential biological functions by reacting with nucleophiles (particularly sulfur-containing nucleophiles) inside the cell. DBNPA, and some of its degradation products, can also be harmful to humans and animals. These associated compounds have been demonstrated to be moderately to highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation, can be corrosive to eyes, and have been shown in terrestrial and aquatic animal studies to cause developmental issues.


DBNPA is not toxic to all life, however, as it is biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with a reported biotic half-life of less than 4 h under both conditions at neutral pH. However, the hydrolysis and aquatic photolysis half-life of this compound are pH-dependent, with faster degradation occurring at a more alkaline pH. For example, the abiotic half-lives of DBNPA at pH 5, 7, and 9 are 67 days, 63 h, and 73 min, respectively. Conversely, low pH has been characteristic of HF-impacted streams, which thus provide favorable conditions for the stability of DBNPA and its degradation products.


DBNPA is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions. The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of DBNPA into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds. This degradation pathway makes the use of DBNPA relatively environmentally friendly. DBNPA is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes. The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine. The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.


Broad Spectrum Non Oxidising Biocide:
Active Ingredients: min 98% 2,2-Dibromo-3-NitriloPropionamide (DBNPA) assay Highly effective against a wide range of common water borne organisms with proven efficacy against Legionella. Accepta 6404 will control these organisms and help to control microbiological fouling.


Compatibility with other water treatment chemicals and water conditions: DBNPA is compatible with other treatment chemicals with the exception of mercaptobenzothiazole. It also is not compatible with ammonia or hydrogen sulfide-containing water. DBNPA maintains reliable control in systems running at acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH.
Degradation in water: DBNPA degrades quickly in aqueous environments. At neutral pH, its half-life is about nine hours. Continuous biocide release by the tablet maintains concentrations effective for control in the tower, while the biocide in the blowdown discharge degrades quickly. So it’s easy to meet strict environmental regulations on tower discharge.
Is DBNPA an oxidizer?
DBNPA is not an oxidizing biocide and it is not a bromine release biocide. DBNPA does act similar to the typical halogen biocides.
DBNPA is a biocide used in a variety of industrial processes to control algae, bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Formulations include tablets and both solid and liquid soluble concentrates. DBNPA is applied through intermittent, initial, intermittent, maintenance, during manufacture and continuous feed treatments, using metering pumps, drip feed devices and other types of industrial equipment. A National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit is required for discharges to waterways.
DBNPA is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide. It provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water. The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.
Compatibility with other water treatment chemicals and water conditions: DBNPA is compatible with other treatment chemicals with the exception of mercaptobenzothiazole. It also is not compatible with ammonia or hydrogen sulfide-containing water. DBNPA maintains reliable control in systems running at acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH.


The Koc of DBNPA is estimated as 58(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.80 and a regression-derived equation. According to a classification scheme, this estimated Koc value suggests that DBNPA is expected to have high mobility in soil.
The Henry's Law constant for DBNPA is estimated as 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg, and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L. This Henry's Law constant indicates that DBNPA is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces. DBNPA's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). DBNPA is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure.
The disappearance of DBNPA at 50 ppm in soil was more rapid than when present in an aqueous solution at a similar pH. Degradation in 7 soils was measured; half-lives of 4, 12, 15, 15, 6, 25, and 15 hours were reported for a sandy loam (pH 7.5), loam (pH 4.8), silty loam (pH 5.8), sandy loam (pH 6.5), loamy sand (pH 5.8), silty clay loam (pH 5.1), and loam (pH 4.8) soil, respectively. DBNPA has a half-life of less than 4 hours in an aerobic aquatic metabolism study. Dibromoacetic acid (reached 66% of applied at 0 hour, 9% at hour 5) and 2-cyanoacetamide (reached 56.5% of applied at hour 5, 2.3% at day 30) were the major degradates. Other degradates include oxalic acid, bromoacetic acid, bromoacetamide, and dibromoacetonitrile. Oxalic acid, 2-cyanoacetamide (16% by day 2) and bromoacetamide (2% by day 2) were found in the sediment layer. DBNPA, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test classifying the compound as not readily biodegradable. Microbial degradation of DBNPA has been demonstrated by the use of tracer techniques (14C-radio-labeled) which yielded 40% 14-CO2 after two weeks in the presence of waste treatment sludge.
2,2-Dibromo-3-nitilopropionamide has a half-life of less than 4 hours in an anaerobic aquatic metabolism study; residues were mainly found in the aqueous layer. Concentrations of the two main degradates 2-cyanoacetamide (reached 56% of applied within 7 days) and dibromoacetic acid (reached 27% of applied at 0 hr, 17% by day 48) were measured. Other minor degradates include oxalic acid, bromoacetamide and dibromoactonitrile. 2-Cyanoacetamide, dibromoacetonitrile and bromoacetamide were found in the sediment layer. The anaerobic metabolism study includes degradation due to both biotic and abiotic mechanisms.
The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of DBNPA with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. Less than 1% of a 4000 ppm aqueous solution of DBNPA remained after 28 days exposure to sunlight; 91% of the added DBNPA was still present in the dark control after the same period of time. Dibromoacetic acid (63.7%) is the major degradate at pH 5 (half-life of 14.8 hours; dark control forms dibromoacetic acid at 38.6%) and at pH 7 (half-life of 6.9 hours; dark control forms dibromoacetic acid at 74.9%) in aqueous photolysis studies. Hydrolysis half-lives of 155, 8.8, 5.8, 2.0, and 0.34 hours were measured at pH values of 6.0, 7.3, 7.7, 8.0, and 8.9, respectively. The half-life of DBNPA is 67 days at pH 5, 63 hours at pH 7, and 73 minutes at pH 9. Dibromoacetic acid (30.6% of applied), dibromoacetonitrile (54.5% of applied), and dibromoacetonitrile (38.6% of applied) are the major degradates at pH values of 5, 7, and 9, respectively.
DBNPA's production and use as a bactericide and algicide in commercial water cooling and treatment systems and paper-pulp mill water systems may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Based on a classification scheme, an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.80 and a regression-derived equation, indicates that DBNPA is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L. According to a classification scheme, an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow and a regression-derived equation, suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Degradation in water is due to both abiotic and biotic processes. Hydrolysis half-lives of 67 days, 63 hours, and 73 minutes were measured for DBNPA at pH 5, 7, and 9, respectively. Dibromoacetic acid is the major degradate at pH 5 while dibromoacetonitrile is the major degradate at pH values of 7 and 9. The half-life of DBNPA is less than 4 hours in anaerobic and aerobic metabolism studies. Degradates include oxalic acid, 2-cyanoacetamide, bromoacetamide, dibromoacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetonitrile; the concentration of each degradate over time varies with the oxygen condition. DBNPA is susceptible to photodegradation in water; <1% of initial DBNPA remained after exposure to sunlight for 28 days. Sunlight degrades DBNPA in water at rates that become relatively fast compared to hydrolysis at pH less than 5.
According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, DBNPA, which has a vapor pressure of 9X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C, will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase DBNPA is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method. Based on photolysis studies showing degradation in aqueous solution exposed to sunlight (99% loss in 28 days), DBNPA is expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis in the atmosphere(SRC).


The application of the compacted DBNPA, has several advantages:
a) Use of a concentrated solid biocide (>95 wt % active material), and the avoidance of an organic solvent which is required as a co-solvent to prepare an aqueous formulation.
b) Simplification of operation and minimization of handling, resulted in less exposure of the user to the harmful biocide.
c) Increased logistic efficiency and minimization of environmental pollution.
According to the invention, it has been found that powdered DBNPA (such as 98 wt % active material) can be compacted in a dry-process, without the addition of a binder, to yield a product in either a tablet and/or a granular and/or a briquette and/or a pellet form.
According to the invention, the process for compacting powdered DBNPA provides high quality tablets at a moderate pressure of 1300 kg/cm2. More specifically, the process is characterized in that DBNPA is compressed with a pressure of at least 500 kg/cm2, to yield a compacted DBNPA pellet or tablet. Preferably, the pressure employed is between about 1000 and 2000 kg/cm2. Thus, for instance, the density obtained under a compaction pressure of 1500 kg/cm2 (2.1 g/cm3) is 88% of the theoretical density of DBNPA.
Preferred compacted biocidal products of the present invention, are those comprising at least 97% (by wt) DBNPA, and between 0 and about 3% (by wt) of water and/or inert ingredient.
The following examples are provided merely to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any manner.


2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a biocide which is used in industrial water treatment, cooling systems and paper mills. DBNPA is an efficient biocide with a rapid microbiocidal broad-spectrum activity, especially in water systems that contain high organic loads.
The main current application of DBNPA is as a liquid formulation, which contains a mixture of water and an organic solvent such as a glycol (for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), ethylene glycol, etc.) and others. The active ingredient (DBNPA) is only 5-25% of such liquid formulation. The addition of an organic solvent is required for dissolution of the relatively water-insoluble DBNPA into a liquid formulation.
Prior art teaches the production of DBNPA as a powdered material which can be used for the preparation of a liquid or solid formulation.


Several types of sustained-release compositions containing DBNPA have been described:
1) EP 285 209 recites a solid sustained release antimicrobial composition (in a tablet form), comprising 1 to 90% by wt of a halogenated amide (including DBNPA) antimicrobial agent, 10 to 80% by wt of a hydrophilic polymer, 0 to 80% by wt of a compression agent and 0 to 10% by wt of a mold release agent. A composition comprising 40% DBNPA, 30% Methocel (water soluble cellulose polymer), 27% CaHPO4 (as compressing agent) and 3% stearic acid, was specifically demonstrated.
2) WO 98/25458 discloses a solid sustained-release tablet consisting of DBNPA admixed with a water-soluble natural or synthetic polymer. Besides the addition of a synthetic polymer into the formulation, the tablet is coated with an additional water-soluble cellulosic polymer.
3) WO 99/18162 discloses a biocidal powder coating composition comprising thermoplastic and/or thermosetting resins based on epoxy, polyester, acrylic or polyurethane resins. The biocide used is a liquid bio-active material (including DBNPA) and/or specially selected solid bio-active materials (for example, solid thiazine-thiones, thiolphthalimides, and others). The biocides are homogeneously mixed or bonded with the particles of the powder.
The process of preparing said biocidal powder coating composition is characterized by blending the components of the powder coating composition in a premixer, followed by feeding the mixture into an extruder, heating to a temperature high enough to melt and mix most of the major components, and cooling to a solid form.
4) EP 953 284 discloses a composition (in a tablet form) for delivering the DBNPA biocide to an oil field fracturing fluid, comprising effervescing agents such as sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and borax. The composition comprises about 35-65% DBNPA, about 15-28% sodium carbonate, 15-27% citric acid and up to about 20% borax.
5) EP 954 966 recites controlled release compositions comprising a biologically active compound, including DBNPA, and a hydroxystyrene polymer (e.g. hydroxystyrene homopolymer, methylhydroxystyrene homopolymer, halohydroxystyrene homopolymer and their copolymers). The weight ratio of DBNPA to the polymer is from 0.1:99.9 to 95:5.
The above prior art is related to sustained-release formulations (including in a tablet form) which contain various additives, such as polymeric matrix, binders and compression agents in significant amount. However, no free DBNPA compound in a compacted form has been used and/or described in the literature. The ability to provide an almost net content of the active compacted material (such as in a tablet, granule, pellet or briquette form) is most certainly a significant advantage.


The handling of the existing DBNPA powdered solid material requires severe safety precautions due to the hazardous nature of this biocide, especially in a fine powdered form.
An additional problem concerning the application of powdered DBNPA, is the tendency of the powder to agglomerate, creating lumps and a bulky material. This phenomenon reduces the flowability of the product and causes handling and safety problems.


In view of these disadvantages of powdered DBNPA there is a need for a safer, easy to handle and user-friendly densified particulate DBNPA. Such DBNPA should be free of said agglomeration phenomena. As was mentioned above, the densified forms known in the art have the considerable drawback of requiring the addition of binders and fillers to obtain suitable solid forms of the biocide. Therefore, compacted forms known in the art do not provide net or almost net contents of active material in the tablet, granule, briquette or pellet form. It has now been found that it is possible to prepare compacted forms of DBNPA which have sufficient strength and provide a slow release of the active material into the water without losing their compacted nature. It has further been surprisingly found that it is possible to prepare compacted forms of this biocide, without employing any binder or filler.
An important environmental feature of 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), . High performance liquid chromatography analyses of ppm-concentrations of DBNPA and its degradation products in laboratory tests of several natural water samples were used to follow the reactions involved. A hydrolysis pathway leads to dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) and other products. The presence of organic material in the water leads to degradation by a second pathway in which monobromonitrilopropionamide (MBNPA) and several other degradation products are formed. The model describes quantitative relationships of DBNPA dosage and the natural water's organic material content, as measured by total organic carbon (TOC), in the degradation pathways of DBNPA.
DBNPA or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions. It is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid. DBNPA acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
DBNPA is used in a wide variety of applications. Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries. It is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
DBNPA 99% is a fast-acting, non-oxiziding biocide. It has outstanding environmental properties because it is non-persistent and degrades to naturally-occurring products. DBNPA 99% provides efficient, cost-effective microbiological control at low use concentrations.


Product Benefits
1. Able to eradicate a wide range of microbes (fungal, bacterial, algal)
2. Minimizes production downtime and delays due to contamination
3. Environmentally friendly
4. Handling ease
5. Does not contribute problematic components to
6. formulations or create long term health and safety concerns
Usage: For water treatment agents, bactericidal algaecides, paper pulp, and pharmaceutical intermediates
Use range: It is mainly used as a bactericidal algaecide to prevent bacteria and algae from growing in paper industry water, industrial cooling water, air conditioning water, metalworking lubricants, water emulsions, pulp, wood, plywood and coatings, and fibers.
Precautions:
The aqueous solution is relatively stable under acidic conditions and is easily hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions. Raising the pH, heating, and irradiating with ultraviolet or fluorescent light can greatly increase the dissolution rate. Easy to be deoxidized by reducing agents such as hydrogen sulfide to become non-toxic amines of cyanoacetic acid, greatly reducing the bactericidal rate.
Formulations comprised of DBNPA and organic solvents contribute more chemical oxygen demand than if DBNPA is employed alone or with non-organic solvents because organic solvents serve as a feeding ground for microorganisms by providing nutrients. Therefore, even though the DBNPA may destroy a majority of the microorganisms before it degrades, a few microorganisms still survive. Those few microoganisms multiply very rapidly in the presence of an organic solvent. Therefore, when DBNPA-treated waste water containing an organic solvent is released to the environment, or even if it is in a closed system, chemical oxygen demand will increase significantly over time due to the rapidly multiplying microorganisms consuming oxygen in the water.
It would be desirable to discover liquid formulations of DBNPA that utilize water as a suspending medium and in which the DBNPA is protected to prevent or reduce the decomposition or degradation thereof. This type of formulation would not only reduce the chemical oxygen demand as compared to the present commercial formulations which employ polyalkylene glycols, but such a formulation would also be less expensive. It would also be advantageous if a wide range of concentrations of DBNPA could be employed in the formulations.


Properties:
White crystals. Melting point of 125℃, it can soluble in common organic solvents (such as acetone, benzene, dimethylformamide, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, etc.), slightly soluble in water (25 ℃, 100g water dissolved 1.5g). Its aqueous solution is more stable under acidic conditions, and easy hydrolysis in alkaline conditions. Increasing the pH value, heating with ultraviolet light or fluorescent light, can make its dissolution rate greatly accelerated. Easy to be reductant, such as hydrogen bromide and bromine into non-toxic cyanide acetamide, the sterilization rate greatly reduced. When its pH value increase from 6.7 to 9.7, the half-life will change from 37.0h into 0.11h.


Usage:
It is used as anti-microbial agent, controlling bacterial, fungal and algal growth in industrial water systems like cooling towers, pulp and paper mill process water, oil-recovery systems and air-conditioning systems.
It is a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
DBNPA (also 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a white to yellow powder which can be used as a quick-kill biocide to control slime and microbial fouling in oil well, water treatment, paper mill and other industries. DBNPA biocide can easily be hydrolyzed under both alkaline and acidic conditions and quickly kill microorganism. After that, DBNPA will be degraded to ammonia and bromide ion. It is an excellent combination of rapid degradation and faster microbial kill at low ppm concentrations. Dowicil qk-20, one of DBNPA formulated products by 20% pruity with polyethylene glycol and water, is completely miscible with water and readily disperses into a waterborne system. DBNPA biocide can also be effectivly combinated with glutaraldehyde solution to control the microbial growth in cooling water systems.


Usages:
DBNPA based antimicrobial product applications:
♦Enhanced oil recovery systems
♦Pulp & paper mills
♦Cooling systems like recirculating cooling towers
♦Heat exchangers
♦Industrial water-purification like reverse osmosis (RO)
♦Evaporative condensers
♦Sewage systems


DBNPA is an active ingredient (98%) that can be used to prepare fast-acting, efficient biocides for controlling microbial, fungal and algal growth in industrial water systems such as cooling towers, pulp and paper mill process water, oil-recovery systems, metal-cutting coolants, and air-conditioning systems.
DBNPA is a manufacturing use pesticide used in formulating microbiocidal bactericides. End use formulations are used to control microbial, fungal and algal growth in industrial water system such as cooling towers, evaporative condensers, pulp and papermill effluents, oil-recovery systems, metal-cutting coolants, air-conditioning systems (effective against Legionella).


Description:
2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide DBNPA 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropion Amide is a fast-kill biocide which will hydrolyzes very easily under both acidic and alkaline conditions. This product is warmly welcomed because of for its instability property in water. 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide DBNPA 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropion Amide will kill bacterial and then quickly degrades to form a number of chemicals. This substance works just like the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide DBNPA 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropion Amide is utilized in many areas. For example, it found its application in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries. 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide DBNPA 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropion Amide is also applied as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
DBNPA is used in formulating biocides. It is used as a preservatives for coatings, slurries and to control microbial fouling in paper mills , oil field and leather process. It is used in water treatment process.
DBNPA 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide CAS 10222-01-2 is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions. DBNPA is white crystalline powder, melting point, 122-125℃,PH value, 5--5.5. DBNPA is soluble in common organic solvents (such as acetone,benzene, dimethylformamide, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, etc.),slightly soluble in water. Under acidic conditions, its aqueous solution is more stable. Raising the PH, heating or being exposured under UV and fluorescent light can fasten its dissolving. DBNPA is used in a wide variety of applications. Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries. It is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.

DBNPA 20% (2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE)
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a water-soluble compound with a high solubility in water and other organic solvents.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, and fungi.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has been documented as a useful antimicrobial agent in a number of industrial applications, due to its rapid rate of kill at relatively low use-concentrations, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, chemical nonpersistence, and low environmental impact.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
Molecular Formula: C3H2Br2N2O
Molecular Weight: 241.87
EINECS Number: 233-539-7

2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Dbnpa, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, FT-0612090, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), is a chemical compound used as a biocide or antimicrobial agent.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications, including cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, oil and gas extraction, and various other water-based systems.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) works by releasing bromine when it comes into contact with water, and bromine is known for its biocidal properties.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is available commercially as a 20% active solution in a water/polyethylene glycol blend.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
A discussion on the use of a non-oxidizing, fast-acting antimicrobial agent with a short chemical half-life, in various aspects of metalworking-fluid production and utilization, presented at the 59th STLE Annual Meeting (Toronto, Ontario, Canada 5/17-20/2004), covers lubricant degradation/stability-microbial; indirect food-contact approvals for DBNPA; decomposition pathways; microbiology.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) as a preservative enhancer; efficacy of DBNPA; and methods of addition of DBNPA to water-based systems.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used in a wide variety of applications.

Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized by reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is not toxic to animals and humans, although it may cause skin irritation or eye damage.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-kill biocide which will hydrolyzes very easily under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is warmly welcomed because of for its instability property in water.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) will kill bacterial and then quickly degrades to form a number of chemicals.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) works just like the typical halogen biocides.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is utilized in many areas. For example, it found its application in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is also applied as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H2Br2N2O.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is commonly known as DBNPA, which stands for 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-N,N-dimethylacetamide.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be used as an additive in wastewater treatment to reduce the concentration of organic matter by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) also has been shown to be effective as a biocide for disinfecting medical equipment or surfaces.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) Water Treatment Microbiocide is a formulation containing 20% active ingredient, DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Cas Reg. No. 10222-01-2).
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) provides broad-spectrum control of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the true algae.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has applications in water treatment, paper manufacturing, textiles, and personal care products.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) exhibits antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Safety precautions should be followed when handling this chemical, including the use of gloves and protective eyewear.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has low solubility in water and is considered to have low toxicity levels.
However, proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize environmental impact.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is white crystals.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is soluble in acetone, polyethyleneglycol, benzene, ethanol, etc.
The 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) solubility is soluble in common organic solvents and slightly soluble in water.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) biocide is stable in acidic conditions and decomposed in alkaline conditions or the presence of hydrogen sulfide.
The solid Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is an efficient germicide for the recycling water system.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can penetrate the cytocyst of microbes quickly and kill them by reacting with some proteins in it, stopping the redox of cells.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) solid biocide has a good stripping property, little poison, and no foam in the system.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) water treatment microbiocide is an aqueous formulation containing a 20% w/w concentration of DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide).
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a broad spectrum biocide offering rapid control of bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a non-oxidizing and highly effective biocide with proven performance in the past 5 decades.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.
Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.

Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide).
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
Melting point 125℃, soluble in ordinary organic solvents (such as Acetone, Benzene, Dimethylformamide, Ethanol,Polyethylene glycol, etc.).

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is aqueous solution is stable under acidic condition, and easy to hydrolyze under alkaline condition.
The dissolution rate can be greatly accelerated by increasing pH value, heating, UV light or fluorescence irradiation.
Easy to be reduced agent, such as Hydrogen sulfide de-bromine into non-toxic Cyanoacetate amine, so that the sterilization rate is greatly reduced.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) acts as a biocide by releasing bromine in water.
The bromine interferes with the enzymes and proteins in microorganisms, disrupting their cellular functions and leading to their destruction.
This mode of action makes Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) effective against a wide range of microorganisms.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is known for its broad-spectrum activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae.
This versatility contributes to its use in various industrial and water treatment applications.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is recognized for its fast-acting properties, providing rapid microbial control.

This quick action is particularly advantageous in systems where prompt biocidal activity is crucial.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) typically leaves low or no residual in treated water systems, which means that its effects are relatively short-lived.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) exhibits stability over a range of temperatures, allowing for effective microbial control in both warm and cold water systems.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is commonly used in industrial water treatment processes, such as cooling water systems in power plants and manufacturing facilities.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is effectiveness in preventing biofouling makes it valuable for maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is utilized in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery
operations.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is generally compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing for integration into comprehensive water treatment programs.
Users should be aware of regulatory requirements associated with the use of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) in specific industries and regions.
Compliance with regulations regarding water quality, discharge, and environmental impact is essential.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is available in various formulations, including liquid concentrates and solid forms.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is widely used for microbial control, its environmental impact should be considered.
Efforts should be made to minimize discharges of biocidal residues into natural water systems, and users should adhere to environmental regulations.

Regulatory requirements for Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can vary by region and industry.
Users should be aware of and comply with relevant regulations, including those related to water quality, occupational health and safety, and environmental protection.
In some cases, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in combination with other biocides or antimicrobial agents to enhance efficacy or broaden the spectrum of activity.

The choice of biocide or combination of biocides depends on the specific application and microbial challenges.
Regular monitoring and testing of water systems treated with Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) are essential to ensure that the desired level of microbial control is maintained.
This may involve microbial counts, water quality analysis, and other relevant tests.

Preparing chloroacetic acid, cyanoacetic acid, dialkyl amino acrolein, amino-acetal, and methyl cyanoacetate as starting material.
Cyanoacetamide is first made and then you get the Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) biocide by Cyanoacetamide bromination.
The synthesis method of chloroacetic acid as starting material: chloroacetic acid neutralizes sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloroacetate.

Then sodium chloroacetate reacts with sodium cyanide in a butanol solution to produce sodium of cyanoacetic acid.
The concentration of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) in a formulation can vary, and it is essential to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for proper dosing to achieve effective microbial control without overdosing.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, some microorganisms may develop resistance over time.

Rotating or combining biocides with different modes of action is a common strategy to minimize the risk of resistance development.
The effectiveness of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be influenced by the pH of the water.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is generally effective in a wide pH range, but the optimal pH conditions for its biocidal activity may depend on the specific formulation.

Like many chemicals, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
Users should take appropriate precautions during handling, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles.
This can be advantageous in applications where maintaining a low level of residual biocide is desirable.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a chemical compound used as a broad-spectrum biocide and preservative in various industries.
The present invention provides an essentially pure compacted 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a granular and/or tablet and/or briquette and/or pellet form.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is currently popular at home and abroad. Organic bromine fungicides.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.
The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.
This degradation pathway makes the use of DBNPA relatively environmentally friendly.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.
The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine.
The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is understood in the membrane industry that thin film composite polyamide membranes have limited resistance to chlorine based oxidants.
Therefore, operators have relatively few options regarding chemicals which can be safely used to disinfect RO/NF systems and prevent biogrowth/biofouling.
One option is the chemical, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), which is a fastacting, nonoxidizing biocide which is very effective at low concentrations in controlling the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and algae.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide)'s efficacy may be influenced by the specific chemistry of the water being treated.
Factors such as water hardness, alkalinity, and the presence of other chemicals can impact the biocidal performance.
Conducting water quality analyses can help optimize Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) usage.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) itself is known for its low persistence in the environment, the breakdown products resulting from its degradation should be considered.
Understanding the biodegradability of these by-products contributes to assessing the overall environmental impact.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) should be aware of potential health hazards associated with exposure.

To assess the anti-biofouling effect, online and off-line applications of the biocide have been studied on industrial scale RO installations with a 20 ppm Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) concentration in the feed water.
Industrial case studies described by indicate a preventive effect of the biocide, but many details were not given.

Only very limited information on the suitability of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) to control membrane biofouling under well-defined conditions is available.
The objective of this study was to determine, under well-controlled conditions, the effect of biocide Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) dosage on biofouling control in membrane systems.
Preventive and curative biofouling control strategies were investigated in a series of experiments with membrane fouling simulators operated in parallel, fed with feed water supplemented with Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) and a biodegradable substrate sodium acetate.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) a higher substrate concentration in feed water has shown to result in a faster and larger pressure drop increase and a higher accumulated amount of biomass.
In the studies acetate was dosed as substrate to enhance the biofouling rate.
The pressure drop was monitored and autopsies were performed to quantify the accumulated material.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used in a wide variety of applications.

Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
The present invention further provides a process for preparing the same essentially pure compacted DBNPA.

Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
solubilit: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to crystal
pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting, non-oxidizing biocide and is very effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.

The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is incompatible with bases, metals, oxidizing agents, acids.
Dangerous gases may accumulate as a result of ignition and fire.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a broad-spectrum non-food biocide.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is highly soluble in water and in some organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol.
There is little information published on its environmental fate.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has a moderate human oral toxicity, may be a reproduction/developmental toxin and is a recognised irritant.
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.

Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has a broad spectrum of bactericidal properties. It has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can penetrate microbial cell membrane rapidly and act on certain protein genes, and normal redox of syncytial cells is terminated.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamidecan also selectively brominate or oxidize special enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, leading to cell death.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide has a broad spectrum of performance, and has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and other pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide is characterized by a very fast sterilization speed and high efficiency, with a sterilization rate of more than 98% in 5-10 minutes.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is characterized by extremely fast sterilization and high efficiency.
The sterilization rate can reach over 99% in 5~10 minutes.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) was compared to the other three biocides.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is completely miscible with water upon dispersion at normal use levels.
Quick kill broad-spectrum microbiocide, fungicide and algaecide.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a new type of highly effective bactericidal algaecide and water treatment agent.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has the advantages of high efficiency and broad spectrum, easy to degrade, no residual residue, no pollution to the environment.
At the same time, it also has a multi-effect function such as sterilization and algae killing, descaling and corrosion inhibition, etc. value.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
Compatibility testing can help prevent any undesirable interactions that might lead to corrosion or degradation of materials.
In some systems, there may be the potential for the regeneration of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), especially if it degrades or reacts with other components.
Monitoring and adjusting dosages based on water quality conditions can help maintain effective microbial control.

Effluent from industrial processes treated with Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may contain residues of the biocide.
Understanding the downstream effects on receiving waters and ecosystems is important to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
Prior to introducing Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) into a water system, a thorough risk assessment should be conducted.

This includes evaluating potential impacts on human health, worker safety, and the environment.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) should maintain comprehensive records of its application, including dosages, monitoring results, and any adverse effects observed.
Documentation is crucial for regulatory compliance, troubleshooting, and future reference.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is commonly employed in the paper and pulp industry for the preservation of process waters, as well as to prevent microbial growth in paper and wood products.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is effectiveness in controlling a broad spectrum of microorganisms is particularly valuable in these manufacturing processes.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide)'s biocidal performance can be influenced by factors such as temperature, water hardness, and organic content.

Understanding how these factors affect the efficacy of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) in a specific application is important for optimal performance.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide)'s efficacy can be influenced by temperature, and its activity may vary across different temperature ranges.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is important to consider the temperature conditions of the water system when applying DBNPA and adjust dosages accordingly.

Regular monitoring of microbial populations in treated water systems is important.
Monitoring helps assess the effectiveness of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) and allows for adjustments to prevent the development of microbial resistance.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in combination with other water treatment chemicals for synergistic effects.

Synergistic formulations can enhance the overall performance and efficacy, providing a comprehensive solution to microbial control.
Accurate dosage control is critical for optimizing Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide)'s effectiveness and avoiding overdosing or underdosing.
Automated dosing systems can help ensure precise and consistent application.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment.
This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies.
Users should consider the compatibility of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) with materials commonly used in water systems, such as metals and elastomers.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide)'s production and use as a bactericide and algicide in commercial water cooling and treatment systems and paper-pulp mill water systems(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.80(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that DBNPA is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

Volatilization of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L(2).
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is sometimes used in water treatment processes, including those involving reverse osmosis systems.

Compatibility with RO membranes and potential impacts on system performance should be assessed.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is known for leaving low residuals, monitoring residual levels in treated water is still important.
Understanding the persistence of Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) residues can guide decisions regarding reapplication and additional treatments.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) finds application in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems.
In recirculating cooling water systems, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can help prevent biofouling and microbial contamination.
However, the effectiveness may be influenced by factors such as water chemistry and system design.

Biodegradation in soil may be an important environmental fate process; however, degradation in soil is expected to be due to both abiotic and biotic processes(2,4).
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is susceptible to aqueous hydrolysis in moist soils and susceptible to photodegradation when exposed to sunlight(2,4).

Uses:
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications to control microbial growth in cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, and oil and gas extraction processes.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used to control bacteria and other microorganisms in oil and gas production systems, including pipelines and storage tanks.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is applied in the pulp and paper industry to prevent the growth of microorganisms in the water used during the papermaking process.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used as a preservative in metalworking fluids to prevent bacterial and fungal growth, thereby extending the life of these fluids.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is employed in some formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used as a preservative in adhesives and sealants to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be used in hydraulic fluids to prevent microbial contamination and degradation of the fluid.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used to prevent microbial growth in water-based systems used in textile processing.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid product and water can be dissolved in any ratio, low toxicity.

Mainly Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used as a non-food biocide within the paper industry and as preservatives for coatings and slurries.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used in formulating biocides.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used as preservatives for coatings, slurries and to control microbial fouling in paper mills, oil field and leather process.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is employed in wood preservation treatments to prevent the growth of fungi and decay-causing microorganisms in wood products, enhancing their longevity.
In certain formulations of adhesives and sealants, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used to inhibit the growth of microbes, maintaining the integrity of the product.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is utilized in the textile industry to control microbial contamination in water systems used in textile processing and to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria on textiles.

In the leather industry, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used to control microbial growth in water systems and prevent the degradation of hides and skins.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be incorporated into cleaning and sanitizing formulations to enhance their efficacy by preventing microbial contamination in the cleaning solutions.
In the production of fuel ethanol, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used to control microbial contamination in fermentation processes and storage systems.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is applied in air washer systems, such as those used in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, to prevent microbial growth and maintain indoor air quality.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in certain marine antifouling paints to prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls and underwater structures.
In swimming pools and spas, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be used as a biocide to control microbial contamination, ensuring the safety and hygiene of the water.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide), in specific concentrations and formulations, may find use as a laboratory reagent for certain applications.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is employed to prevent microbial contamination in metalworking fluids, which are used in machining and cutting operations to cool and lubricate metal surfaces.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be applied in membrane bioreactors to control microbial growth and fouling on membranes used in wastewater treatment.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be used in reverse osmosis systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofouling, maintaining the efficiency of the membranes.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is effective in preventing biofouling and microbial contamination in recirculating water systems used in various industrial processes.

As the biocides in broad-spectrum, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) biocide is widely used in industrial circulating water systems, large air-condition, and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganisms and alga and shuck off clay.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is also used in the process of papermaking to prevent reducing the quality of paper by the generation of microorganisms.
This halogen biocide is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex, and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has the following advantages: easy to handle; no unusual oxidation hazards; similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications; used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used as pharmaceutical intermediates bactericidal algae killer industrial sewage treatment agent, this product is a broad spectrum of high efficiency biocide.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has following advantages :Easy to handle .No unusual oxidation hazards.
Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has exhibited outstanding efficacy against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus and yeasts.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch and mineral slurries.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum, and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a broad spectrum and efficient industrial fungicide, used to prevent bacteria and algae in paper making, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricating oil, pulp, wood, coating and plywood growth and reproduction, and can be used as mud control agent, widely used in paper mill pulp and circulating cooling water system.

As a broad-spectrum and highly effective biocide, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act as a certain protein group to stop the normal REDOX of cells, thus causing cell death.
At the same time, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is branches can selectively brominate or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, resulting in microbial death.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid products and water can be arbitrarily soluble, low toxicity.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is widely used as a biocide, particularly in water treatment applications.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is used in water treatment process.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial bactericide, used to prevent the growth and reproduction of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) has exhibited outstanding efficiency against bio-films and a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch, and mineral slurries.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is commonly applied in cooling tower water treatment to prevent microbial growth, biofouling, and corrosion.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) helps maintain the efficiency of cooling systems by controlling microbiological contamination.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in hydrotesting fluids, which are employed to pressure test pipelines and vessels.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) helps prevent microbial contamination in the testing process.
In hydraulic systems, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be used to control microbial growth in hydraulic fluids, ensuring the stability and performance of the fluid over time.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may find application in automotive antifreeze and coolant systems to inhibit microbial growth and prevent contamination in the coolant circulating through the engine.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is sometimes used in fire sprinkler systems to prevent microbial contamination in the water that would be released in case of a fire.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be applied in oil and gas production pipelines to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and inhibit microbial growth that could lead to pipeline degradation.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in desalination plants to prevent microbial fouling on membranes and other components in the water treatment process.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is employed in some nuclear power plants to control microbial growth in cooling water systems and prevent biofouling on heat exchange equipment.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.

The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may find application in water treatment processes within the food and beverage industry to control microbial contamination in processing water.
In healthcare settings, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be used in water treatment to control microbial growth in hospital water systems, including cooling towers and distribution systems.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be applied in cooling systems associated with medical equipment to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the equipment's performance.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be incorporated into various disinfectant and biocide formulations used for diverse applications, including surface disinfection and antimicrobial treatments.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to prevent microbial growth in air washer systems and cooling coils.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be applied in various manufacturing processes where water is used as a coolant or processing medium to prevent microbial contamination.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is widely used in industrial circulating water system, large air-condition and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganism and alga and shuck off clay.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is also used in the process of paper making to prevent reducing quality of paper by generation of microorganism.

In geothermal heating and cooling systems, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be utilized to prevent microbial fouling and contamination in the water circulating through the system.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can also be used as a slime control agent.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is widely used in pulp and circulating cooling water system in paper mills.

As a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency biocide, it can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) helps control the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae in water, preventing biofouling and maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
In the pulp and paper industry, Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is employed to preserve process waters and prevent microbial contamination in paper and wood products.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) may be used in certain formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and maintain product integrity.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be applied to irrigation water in agricultural settings to control microbial growth, ensuring that the water used for irrigation is free from harmful microorganisms.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) finds application in the oil and gas industry, including its use in hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems, where controlling microbial growth is essential.

Safety Profile:
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be corrosive to metals and may cause damage to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) is crucial to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, when handling this chemical.
Prolonged or repeated exposure to DBNPA may lead to sensitization, where individuals may develop an allergic reaction upon subsequent exposure.

Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) a severe skin and eye irritant.
Dbnpa 20% (2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Contact with the skin or eyes may cause redness, irritation, and discomfort.

As with any chemical, safety precautions should be taken during handling and use.
The appropriate safety data sheets (SDS) provided by the manufacturer should be consulted for specific information on handling, storage, and emergency measures.
DBTDL ( DBTL )
SYNONYMS Dibutylbis(lauroyloxy)stannane, Dibutyl bis(lauroyloxy)tin CAS NO:77-58-7
D-CAMPHOR
DCCNa ,Dichloroisocyanuric acid sodium salt dihydrate ,sdic;acl60;DCCNA;nadcc;oci56;CDB 63;simpla;cp17254;dikonit;PRESEPT ,Sodium dichloroisocyanurate CAS No.2893-78-9
DCCNa
2,4-DICHLORO-3,5-DIMETHYLPHENOL; dichloorxylenol; 2,4-Dichloro-1,3-xylenol; 2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol; 3,5-Dimethyl-2,4- dichlorophenol; Dichloroxylenol; Ottacide CAS NO:133-53-9
DCMX
Castor oil, dehydrated; (12S,15S)-15-hydroxy-11,16-dioxo-15,20-dihydrosenecionan-12-yl acetate CAS NO:64147-40-6
DCO {DEHYDRATED CASTOR OIL}
Fatty acids, dehydrated castor-oil, DCOFA; Fatty acids, dehydrated castor-oil; Castor oil fatty acid, dehydrated CAS NO:61789-45-5