Water Treatment, Metal and Mining Chemicals

BENZYL CHLORIDE (A-CHLOROTOLUENE)

Benzyl chloride, also known as alpha-chlorotoluene, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C7H7Cl.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is an organic compound derived from toluene, where one of the hydrogen atoms in the toluene molecule (C6H5CH3) has been replaced by a chlorine atom (Cl).
This substitution results in the formation of benzyl chloride.

CAS Number: 100-44-7
EC Number: 202-853-6



APPLICATIONS

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is widely used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, serving as a precursor to a variety of chemical compounds.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a key component in the production of benzyl alcohol, which is used in the manufacture of perfumes, flavorings, and cosmetics.

In the pharmaceutical industry, benzyl chloride is employed in the synthesis of various drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a crucial role in the preparation of benzyl esters, which find applications as food flavoring agents and additives.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzyl isocyanides, which have applications in organic chemistry reactions.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) acts as a reagent in the synthesis of benzyl halides, valuable in a range of chemical processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a lachrymator, a substance that can induce tearing and eye irritation, serving as a non-lethal self-defense tool.
In the agrochemical industry, it is employed in the manufacturing of pesticides and herbicides.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is utilized in the preparation of benzyltributylammonium chloride, a phase-transfer catalyst in organic reactions.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a key building block for the synthesis of benzyl ethers, which are used as protecting groups in organic synthesis.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the synthesis of benzylamines, which serve as intermediates in the production of various compounds.

In the fragrance and flavor industry, it is used as a raw material for creating aromatic compounds.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a valuable reagent for alkylating amines in organic synthesis.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a cross-linking agent in the production of polymers and resins.
In the laboratory, it is utilized in the synthesis of N-benzylideneaniline derivatives.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed as a chemical intermediate in the production of dyes and pigments.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) serves as a starting material for the synthesis of various organic chemicals, including surfactants and detergents.
In the rubber industry, it is used as a vulcanization accelerator in the production of rubber products.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is applied in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds used as disinfectants and preservatives.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) can be used as a solvent and extraction agent in chemical processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is an important reagent in the synthesis of betaine-type surfactants.

In the field of corrosion inhibition, it is used to protect metals from rust and degradation.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) has applications in the synthesis of benzyl carbamates used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the modification of lignin in wood pulping processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the production of various chemicals, including plasticizers, textile chemicals, and photographic chemicals.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is utilized in the preparation of benzyl dimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, which is used as a disinfectant and antimicrobial agent.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, an important cationic surfactant used in detergents and cleaning products.
In the textile industry, benzyl chloride is employed as a chemical intermediate in the production of fabric softeners.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a key ingredient in the manufacture of various adhesives and sealants.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzyl benzoate, which is utilized as an insect repellent and acaricide (mite killer).
In the paint and coating industry, it is used as a precursor in the formulation of coatings and paint additives.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a chemical reagent in the preparation of specialty chemicals used in the electronics industry.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) serves as a building block in the synthesis of specialty polymers with tailored properties.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of corrosion inhibitors, which are important for protecting metal surfaces from rust and degradation.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) can be employed in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, including antibiotics and antifungal agents.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the preparation of benzylidene compounds, which are utilized in organic synthesis reactions.

Benzyl chloride is a common reagent for introducing benzyl groups into various organic molecules.
In the production of surfactants, it serves as a crucial component for creating surface-active agents with detergent and emulsifying properties.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a cross-linking agent in the synthesis of epoxy resins and other thermosetting polymers.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the preparation of specialty chemicals for the automotive and aerospace industries.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a precursor in the synthesis of benzyl phosphonium salts, which have applications in catalysis.
In the plastics industry, benzyl chloride is used in the production of plasticizers to improve the flexibility and durability of plastic materials.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) serves as a reagent in the preparation of benzylphosphonate compounds, which are used in various chemical processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a starting material for the synthesis of benzylthioureas, which are important intermediates in organic chemistry.

In the cosmetics industry, it is used as an ingredient in the production of hair dyes and hair care products.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the synthesis of specialty chemicals used in the creation of ink and inkjet printer inks.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the production of chemicals used in the purification of water and wastewater treatment.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the preparation of benzyl isothiocyanate, which is an important compound in the study of biochemistry and molecular biology.
In the construction industry, benzyl chloride can be used in the production of construction chemicals, such as sealants and adhesives.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the synthesis of benzyl ethers, which have applications as protecting groups in organic reactions.
Benzyl chloride is utilized in the production of benzyl bromide, a chemical used in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a precursor in the synthesis of benzyl ethers, which are important intermediates in various chemical reactions.
In the pulp and paper industry, benzyl chloride is used as a wood pulping chemical to modify lignin and improve paper quality.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the preparation of benzyl tosylate, which is used in organic synthesis and as a reagent in chemical reactions.
Benzyl chloride serves as a key component in the production of benzyl acetate, an ester used in the fragrance and flavor industry.

In the rubber and tire industry, it is used as a vulcanization accelerator to enhance the properties of rubber products.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of benzyl thiol, which is used in the production of fragrances.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the manufacture of benzylglycidyl ether, which is used as a reactive diluent in epoxy resin formulations.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the production of specialty adhesives and sealants, particularly in the aerospace and automotive industries.
Benzyl chloride can be employed in the synthesis of benzyl nitriles, which are used as intermediates in organic reactions.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the preparation of benzylsilane compounds, important in the field of organosilicon chemistry.
In the petrochemical industry, benzyl chloride is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of specialty chemicals.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a valuable reagent for the introduction of benzyl groups in various organic molecules.

Benzyl chloride serves as a precursor in the synthesis of benzyl carbamates, which have applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzylsulfides, which are important in the study of organic sulfur compounds.

In the plastics industry, it is used in the production of plasticizers to enhance the properties of plastic materials.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the creation of specialty chemicals used as stabilizers and antioxidants in the polymer industry.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the synthesis of benzyl sulfoxides, which are used in organic reactions and chemical transformations.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a cross-linking agent in the production of epoxy resin-based composite materials.

Benzyl chloride can be applied in the synthesis of benzyl phosphine oxide compounds, important in organophosphorus chemistry.
In the agrochemical industry, it is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of plant protection agents.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) serves as a reagent in the preparation of benzyl nitro compounds, which are used in the synthesis of various chemicals.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzyl azides, which have applications in the study of azide chemistry.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the creation of specialty chemicals used as intermediates in the synthesis of agrochemicals and pesticides.
In the automotive industry, benzyl chloride is used in the production of automotive sealants and adhesives for assembly and repair.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzylmercaptan, a compound employed in the production of specialty chemicals and fragrances.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a precursor in the preparation of benzyl butyrate, which is used as a flavoring agent in the food and beverage industry.

In the agrochemical sector, benzyl chloride is utilized in the manufacturing of herbicides and fungicides.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzyl chloroformate, a reagent and intermediate in organic chemistry reactions.

Benzyl chloride is employed as a chemical intermediate in the production of antifreeze and de-icing fluids for automotive and aviation applications.
In the field of metallurgy, it is used as a corrosion inhibitor for protecting metal surfaces from rust and degradation.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of specialty chemicals employed as additives in the oil and lubricant industry.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) serves as a key ingredient in the production of benzylthioacetic acid, a compound used in organic reactions.

In the construction industry, benzyl chloride is used as a chemical intermediate in the formulation of construction chemicals, including sealants and adhesives.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the production of benzylphenylphosphine, a compound with applications in chemical transformations.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of specialty chemicals used in the creation of electrical insulating materials.

In the field of water treatment, it is used as a chemical additive for inhibiting metal corrosion in water systems.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the synthesis of benzyl quaternary ammonium compounds, which are used as disinfectants and preservatives.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the synthesis of benzylisothiocyanate, a compound with applications in the study of biochemistry and molecular biology.

In the manufacturing of adhesives and sealants, benzyl chloride is used as a reactive intermediate for enhancing product performance.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a reagent in the preparation of benzyl sulfoximine compounds, which have applications in organic reactions.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a cross-linking agent in the production of elastomers and rubber compounds.

In the automotive industry, it is employed in the formulation of automotive fluids such as brake fluids and hydraulic fluids.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzylalkylammonium compounds, which are important in various chemical processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the production of benzyl cyanides, used in organic chemistry reactions.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzylthioethanol, a compound with applications in chemical transformations.

In the leather industry, benzyl chloride is used in the tanning process to modify and preserve leather.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the synthesis of benzylguanidine, a compound used in organic reactions.

Benzyl chloride is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of specialty adhesives and sealants for specific industries.
In the creation of printing inks and pigments, it serves as a reagent for producing specialty chemicals for ink formulations.



DESCRIPTION


Benzyl chloride, also known as alpha-chlorotoluene, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C7H7Cl.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is an organic compound derived from toluene, where one of the hydrogen atoms in the toluene molecule (C6H5CH3) has been replaced by a chlorine atom (Cl).
This substitution results in the formation of benzyl chloride.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor and is commonly used as a reagent in various chemical reactions and organic synthesis processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is an important intermediate in the production of various chemicals and is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds.
It's also utilized in the synthesis of benzyl derivatives, such as benzyl alcohol and benzylamine.

Benzyl chloride, also known as A-chlorotoluene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C7H7Cl.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent, slightly sweet odor.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is derived from toluene by replacing one of its hydrogen atoms with a chlorine atom.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is commonly used as a reagent in organic synthesis and chemical reactions.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a versatile intermediate in the production of various chemicals.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is utilized in the pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis of drugs and pharmaceutical compounds.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the manufacture of agrochemicals, including pesticides and herbicides.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of other benzyl derivatives, such as benzyl alcohol and benzylamine.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) can act as a source of the benzyl cation in various reactions.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a halogenated compound and exhibits typical reactivity associated with halogen-substituted organic compounds.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is an important building block for the production of perfumes and fragrances.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a valuable chemical for the preparation of benzyl esters, which have applications in the food and beverage industry.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a potent lachrymator, meaning it can induce tearing and eye irritation upon exposure.

In the presence of strong bases, benzyl chloride can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzyl halides, which are important in various chemical processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) can also serve as a precursor for the synthesis of benzyl isocyanides.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is highly flammable and should be handled with care and in a well-ventilated area.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, and reducing agents.
Benzyl chloride is known for its ability to alkylate amines, which is used in chemical transformations.
When exposed to moisture, it can release hydrogen chloride gas.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is considered hazardous and should be stored and handled in accordance with safety regulations.

In its pure form, benzyl chloride is a volatile and irritant liquid.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in organic chemistry laboratories as a reagent in various reactions.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is commonly available for purchase from chemical suppliers and is often used in research and industrial applications.
Due to its reactivity, it should be handled by trained personnel in a controlled laboratory or industrial environment to ensure safety.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C7H7Cl
Molar Mass: 126.58 g/mol
Physical State: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Pungent, slightly sweet
Melting Point: -39.5 °C (-39.1 °F)
Boiling Point: 179.1 °C (354.4 °F)
Density: 1.100 g/cm³ at 20 °C (68 °F)
Solubility in Water: Slightly soluble
Vapor Pressure: 0.16 kPa at 20 °C (68 °F)
Flash Point: 71 °C (159.8 °F) closed cup
Autoignition Temperature: 622 °C (1,151.6 °F)
Refractive Index: 1.542 - 1.544 (at 20 °C)
Viscosity: 1.0006 cP at 20 °C
Heat of Combustion: 3,921 kJ/mol



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If someone inhales Benzyl chloride vapor, move them to an area with fresh air immediately to prevent further exposure.
If the person is having difficulty breathing, provide artificial respiration.
Seek medical attention promptly. Be prepared to provide information about the exposure.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and jewelry.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If skin irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

If Benzyl chloride comes into contact with the eyes, immediately rinse the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention or consult with an eye specialist, even if there are no immediate symptoms, as delayed eye injury can occur.


Ingestion:

In the event of ingestion, do NOT induce vomiting. Vomiting can increase the risk of further chemical exposure to the respiratory system.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water, but do not swallow the rinse water.
Seek immediate medical attention. Provide the medical personnel with all available information regarding the exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Always wear appropriate PPE when handling Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, a lab coat or chemical-resistant suit, and a NIOSH-approved respirator for organic vapors.
Use a face shield if there is a risk of splashing.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area, preferably in a chemical fume hood or under local exhaust ventilation to minimize exposure to vapors.
Ensure that the ventilation system is in good working order.

Avoid Skin Contact:
Prevent skin contact with the chemical by wearing chemical-resistant gloves and other protective clothing.
In case of skin contact, wash the affected area promptly with water.

Eye Protection:
Wear chemical splash-resistant safety goggles or a full-face shield when handling Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) to protect against eye exposure.

Respiratory Protection:
Use a NIOSH-approved respirator with organic vapor cartridges to protect against inhalation of vapors.
Ensure the respirator fits properly and is regularly maintained.

Handling Precautions:
Handle Benzyl chloride with caution to prevent spills and splashes.
Use tools, equipment, and containers made of materials compatible with the chemical.

No Eating or Drinking:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with Benzyl chloride, and avoid hand-to-face contact.

Avoid Contamination:
Prevent cross-contamination of Benzyl chloride with other chemicals or substances by using dedicated equipment.


Storage:

Storage Location:
Store Benzyl chloride in a cool, well-ventilated, and dry area, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.

Temperature:
Maintain the storage temperature at or below room temperature, as the chemical can be sensitive to temperature variations.

Storage Containers:
Use tightly sealed, chemical-resistant containers made of glass or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to store Benzyl chloride.
Ensure containers are labeled with proper hazard information.

Separation:
Keep Benzyl chloride away from incompatible substances, including strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, and reducing agents, to prevent potential chemical reactions.

Access Control:
Limit access to storage areas to authorized personnel only.
Clearly mark storage areas with appropriate signage.

Secondary Containment:
Consider using secondary containment, such as trays or basins, to contain potential spills or leaks from containers.

Fire Precautions:
Store away from open flames, sparks, and ignition sources.
Benzyl chloride is flammable.

Emergency Equipment:
Ensure that there are emergency equipment and spill control materials readily available near the storage area.



SYNONYMS


α-Chlorotoluene
Benzyl chloride
Chloromethylbenzene
Benzyl chloride (C7H7Cl)
α-Tolyl chloride
Phenylmethyl chloride
Chlorobenzyl
Benzylmonochloride
Monochloromethylbenzene
Benzyl chloratum
Benzene, (chloromethyl)-
Benzene, (chloromethyl)- (9CI)
(Chloromethyl)benzene
Benzenemethanamine, alpha-chloro-
alpha-Chlorobenzenemethane
1-Chloromethylbenzene
(Chloromethyl)benzene
UN 1738
NSC 8634
NCI-C55990
FEMA No. 2178
AI3-05170
BRN 0106025
CCRIS 9297
EINECS 202-853-6
Chlorophenylmethane
Chlorotoluene
Monochlorobenzyl
α-Chlorotoluol
Benzylchlorid (German)
α-Toluyl chloride
Benzenyl chloride
Benzyl-chloride (French)
Phenylmethane, chloro-
α-Chlorotoluène (French)
α-Chlorobenzenemethane
(Chloromethyl)benzol (German)
1-Chlorotoluene
alpha-Chloromethylbenzene
alpha-Tolyl chloride
Phenylmethyl chlorid (German)
Benzene, (chloromethyl)-
Benzene, (chloromethyl)- (9CI)
(Chloromethyl)benzol (German)
UN 1738
NSC 8634
NCI-C55990
FEMA No. 2178
AI3-05170
BRN 0106025
Phenylmethyl chloroformate
α-Methylbenzyl chloride
Benzyl monochloride
Chloromethylbenzene
Chlorotoluene
Benzylchloride
Benzene, chloromethyl-
1-Phenylmethyl chloride
Chlorophenylmethyl chloride
Benzyl chloride (C7H7Cl)
Benzenemethanamine, α-chloro-
α-Chlorotoluene
Benzenemethanamine, α-methyl-
α-Methylphenylmethyl chloride
Benzenemethanamine, monochloro-
Chlorophenylmethyl chloride (C7H7Cl)
Chlorotoluol
1-(Chloromethyl)benzene
UN 1738
NSC 8634
NCI-C55990
FEMA No. 2178
AI3-05170
BRN 0106025
CCRIS 9297
Benzyl chloride ( Chlorure de benzyle)
PHENYLACETONITRILE; Benzeneacetonitrile; Benzyl cyanide; (Cyanomethyl)benzene; Cyanomethylbenzene; Benzyl nitrile; -Cyanotoluene; (Cyanomethyl)benzene; Phenyl acetyl nitrile; Phenacetonitrile; Benzenediacetonitrile; alpha-Tolunitrile; Benzeneacetonitrile; 2-Phenylacetonitrile; BnCN CAS NO: 140-29-4
BENZYL CYANIDE
2-((Benzyloxy)methyl)oxirane; Oxirane, [(phenylmethoxy)methyl]-; (Benzyloxymethyl)oxirane; 2-(Benzyloxymethyl)oxirane; Propane, 1-(benzyloxy)-2,3-epoxy-; 1-(Benzyloxy)-2,3-epoxypropane; ((Phenylmethoxy)methyl)oxirane; (-)-Benzyl (R)-glycidyl ether; (R)-(-)-Glycidyl benzyl ether; CAS NO:2930-05-4
BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA)
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless liquid.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2N(CH3)2.


CAS Number: 103-83-3
EC Number: 203-149-1
MDL number: MFCD00008329
Linear Formula: C6H5CH2N(CH3)2
Chemical formula: C9H13N



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N,N'-Dimethylbenzylamine, NSC 5342, Benzyl-dimethyl-amine, TYP7AXQ1YJ, DTXSID8021854, NSC-5342, NCGC00090991-02, 28262-13-7, DTXCID801854, CAS-103-83-3, CCRIS 6693, UNII-TYP7AXQ1YJ, EINECS 203-149-1, UN2619, Benzenemethanamine, dimethyl-, AI3-26794, Benzenemethamine, N,N-dimethyl-, Dabco BDMA, N,N-dimethyl-1-phenyl-methanamine, benzyldimethyl-amine, dimethylbenzyl amine, n-dimethylbenzylamine, dimethyl benzyl amine, N,N-Dmethylbenzylamne, N-benzyl dimethylamine, Benzylamine,N-dimethyl-, N,N,-dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyl benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-benzylamine, N, N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyl benzyl amine, Benzenemethanamine,dimethyl-, EC 203-149-1, dimethyl (phenylmethyl)amine, SCHEMBL15900, MLS002222342, CHEMBL45591, N,N-Dimethyl(phenyl)methanamine, NSC5342, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, >=99%, N,N-Dimethyl(phenyl)methanamine #, WLN: 1N1 & 1R, Tox21_113457, Tox21_200719, MFCD00008329, AKOS000120578, UN 2619, NCGC00090991-01, NCGC00090991-03, NCGC00258273-01, AC-10211, LS-13652, SMR001307284, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine(Benzyldimethylamine), Benzyldimethylamine [UN2619], D0688, FT-0657620, NS00008694, EN300-16212, N,?N-?Dimethylbenzylamine(Benzyldimethylamine), Q424966, J-001043, J-523270, InChI=1/C9H13N/c1-10(2)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7H,8H2,1-2H, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, for protein sequence analysis, >=99.5% (GC), N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, DBA, Dimethylaminomethyl-benzene, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, DMBA, BDMA, Benzyl-dimethyl-amine, Benzyldimethylamine, Dimethylbenzylamine, DMBA, N,N'-Dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-Dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, N,N-Dimethyl-n-benzylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, BDMA, Dabco B-16, BENZYLDIMETHYLAMINE, Dimethylbenzylamine, N-Benzyldimethylamine, aralditeaccelerator062, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-BENZYLDIMETHYLAMINE, Nin-Dimethyl Benzylamine, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-Dimethyl benzylamine, Araldite accelerator 062, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, (N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine), Benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, Benzenemethamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, Benzenemethanamine,N,N-dimethyl-,
N,N-dimethyl(phenyl)methanaminium, N,N-dimethyl(phenyl)methanaminium chloride, Aralditeaccelerator062, aralditeaccelerator062, Benzenemethamine,N,N-dimethyl-, Benzenemethanamine,N,N-Chemicalbookdimethyl-, Benzylamine,N,N-dimethyl-, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, DabcoB-16, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, Benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-, Benzyldimethylamine, Dimethylbenzylamine, N-Benzyldimethylamine, N,N-Dimethyl-N-benzylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, BDMA, Araldite accelerator 062, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, Sumine 2015, UN 2619, Dabco BDMA, Benzenemethamine, N,N-dimethyl-, NSC 5342, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-Dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, Benzenemethanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, 103-83-3, Benzenemethanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N,N-Dimethyl Benzylamine, [(Dimethylamino)methyl]benzene, Actiron NX 91, Ancamine BDMA, Araldite Accelerator 062, Araldite DY 062, bencildimetilamina, BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE, BENZYLAMINE, N,N-DIMETHYL-, Benzyldimethylamin, Benzyldimethylamine, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine,Dabco BDMA, Desmorapid DB, Dimethylbenzylamine, Kaolizer 20, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, N,N-DIMETHYLBENZYLAMIN, N,N-Dimethyl-N-benzylamine, N-BENZYLDIMETHYLAMINE, N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, NSC 5342, Sumicure BD, UN 2619, EINECS 203-149-1, Sumine 2015, UNII-TYP7AXQ1YJ, 1338002-71-3, 59125-51-8,



Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is an intermediate for organic synthesis, such as synthesis of quaternary ammonium salt, also used in dehydrogenation catalyst, preservative, acid neutralizer, etc
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2N(CH3)2.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ).
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives.
Technically Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is part of the human exposome.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2N(CH3)2.
The molecule of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) consists of a benzyl group, C6H5CH2, attached to a dimethylamino functional group.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless liquid.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA), also known as N-benzyl-n,n-dimethylamine nitrate or benzyl-dimethyl-amine, is a member of the class of compounds known as phenylmethylamines.
Phenylmethylamines are compounds containing a phenylmethtylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted by a methanamine.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa).
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) appears as a colorless to light yellow liquid with an aromatic odor.
The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health.


An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless, volatile liquid with a low boiling point.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) appears as a colorless to light yellow liquid with an aromatic odor.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly less dense than water and slightly soluble in water.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly soluble in water.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylmethylamines.


Phenylmethylamines are compounds containing a phenylmethtylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted by an methanamine.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) reacts with Os3(CO)12 to form triosmium clusters.
Anodic oxidation of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has been studied in methanol-tetra-n-butylammonium fluoroborate and in methanol-potassium hydroxide.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly less dense than water and slightly soluble in water.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) can be found in tea, which makes Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa).


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) can be found in tea, which makes Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is an amine accelerator for polymerization of epoxy resins.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) belongs to a unique class of disubstituted amides with utility in coatings, household,industrial and institutional applications.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) displays a broad range of properties, including excellent solvency, a low VOC content, as well as heat and hydrolysis stability
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is excellent catalyst with strong adhesive ability in the PU fiel.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is an amine accelerator for polymerization of epoxy resins.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is an organic compound belonging to the aromatic amine family.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA), also known as N-benzyl-n,n-dimethylamine nitrate or benzyl-dimethyl-amine, is a member of the class of compounds known as phenylmethylamines.


Phenylmethylamines are compounds containing a phenylmethtylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted by a methanamine.
Actylis provides Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) in the form of a colourless to slightly yellow liquid with a distinct aromatic odour.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) exhibits slight solubility in water and is sensitive to oxygen.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) was used in the synthesis of bis[(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl] selenide.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has been used as catalyst during curing reaction of formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA)undergoes directed ortho metalation with butyl lithium.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) reacts with methyl iodide to get ammonium salt, which is used as phase transfer catalysts.
Further, Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has been shown to be an effective biocide in the form of its copper complex, which may be used in detergent compositions for the inhibition of microbial growth on surfaces.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is also used as a standard reagent for determining redox potentials and has been studied extensively in kinetic and analytical chemistry.


The reaction mechanism of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has been determined to be similar to that of benzalkonium chloride and other quaternary ammonium salts.
As the molecule has tertiary amine functionality, two of the key uses of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) are as an epoxy-amine cure enhancement catalyst and also as a polyurethane catalyst.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used an amine accelerator for polymerization of epoxy resins.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) catalyst is a versatile catalyst that is utilized in the manufacture of both flexible polyester slabstock and in various types of rigid foams.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) can be used alone but is usually used in combination with other amines and/or metal salts in manufacturing processes.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used as a catalyst for soft polyester-based polyurethane systems, semisolid foams, pre-polymerisation agents, to improve the effect of impregnation agents on cellulose fibres.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a direct alternative to DMP-30 with a longer shelf life and better penetration.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used in the production of polyurethane foams.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used initiator in the production of epoxy resins.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is also used as a ligand in coordination geometry, transfer reactions, and salt metathesis.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a moderately active gelling biased tertiary amine catalyst.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) was used in the synthesis of bis[(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl] selenide.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used sensitiser for the photopolymerisation of methacrylates.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used catalyst for the UV-curing of styrene polyester products.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used in the manufacture of adhesives; dehydrohalogenating catalyst; corrosion inhibitor; acid neutralizer; potting compounds; cellulose modifier and quaternary ammonium compounds.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used Textile dyestuffs, Manufacturing of textile dyestuffs, Manufacturing of herbicides, Manufacturing of coating, Manufacturing of pharmaceutical agents, Manufacturing of fungicides, Manufacturing of insecticides / acaricides, Catalyst for chemical synthesis, Manufacturing of textiles dyestuffs, and Crop Protection, and Manufacturing of dyestuffs.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used to synthesize quaternary ammonium salts to produce cationic surface active strong fungicides.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used to promote curing systems such as anhydrides, polyamides, and fatty amines, and accelerates product curing.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has been used as catalyst during curing reaction of formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used in the manufacture of adhesives and other chemicals.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is an amine accelerator for polymerization of epoxy resins.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is recommended in preference to DMP-30 since it is less viscous and has a longer shelf life.
Accelerators should be stored dry in a desiccator, but need not be in a refrigerator.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) catalyst is a versatile catalyst that is utilized in the manufacture of both flexible polyester slabstock and in various types of rigid foams.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) can be used alone but is usually used in combination with other amines and/or metal salts in manufacturing processes.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is widely used in chemical fields,eg. polyurethane catatlyst, crop pretection, coating, dyestuffs, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, pharmaceutical agents, textile dyestuffs, textile dyestuffs etc.
When Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used as polyurethane catalyst.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is also used for flexible slabstock foam applications.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used for refrigerator, freezer, continuous panel, pipe insulation, croppretection, coating, dyestuffs, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, pharmaceutical agents, textile dyestuffs, textile dyestuffs etc.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used in the preparation of bis[(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl] selenide.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) acts as a catalyst in the curing reaction of formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) undergoes directed ortho metalation with butyl lithium.


Further, Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) in the polyurethane industry is a catalyst for polyester polyurethane block soft foam, polyurethane rigid foam, polyurethane sheet and adhesive coating.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is mainly used for rigid foam, can make polyurethane foam have good initial fluidity and uniform cells, and have better adhesion between foam and substrate.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) reacts with methyl iodide to get ammonium salt, which is used as phase transfer catalysts.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has the function of improving the adhesion of the foam surface.
In the field of organic synthesis, Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is mainly used as a catalyst, corrosion inhibitor, acid neutralization for the synthesis of dehydrohalogen in organic drugs Accelerators, electron microscope slice embedding accelerators, etc.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is also used in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts, the production of cationic surface active powerful fungicides, etc.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) In epoxy resin is mainly used to promote the curing system of acid anhydride, polyamide, aliphatic amine, etc., and accelerate the curing of products.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used as a curing accelerator in epoxy resin electronic potting materials, encapsulating materials, epoxy floor coatings, and marine paints.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) Specific application examples include: carbon fiber/monomolecular epoxy resin-based composite laminates, electrophoretic coatings for epoxy substrates , Dry-type transformer potting glue;


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used in the production of polyurethane foams, Initiator in the production of epoxy resins.
Accelerator for epoxy uses of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA): resins in laminates for electrical equipment, Sensitizer for the photopolymerization of methacrylates, Catalyst for the UV-curing
of styrene polyester products, Thermal post-cure catalyst for UV-cured epoxy adhesive cement, Synthesis of quats.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is intermediate of organic synthesis, such as to synthesize quaternaty ammonium salts and is also used in dehydrogenation catalyst, antiseptic, and acid neutralizer, ETC.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) finds extensive applications across various industries.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) plays a vital role as a curing agent for epoxy resins and is used as a raw material in the manufacturing of adhesives, dyes, and polymers.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of numerous organic compounds.


Additionally, Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is widely utilized as a catalyst in various organic reactions.
Its versatile properties make Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) highly valuable in different industrial processes.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used for synthesis.


-Principal applications for Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) include:
Catalyst used in the production of polyurethane foams.
Initiator in the production of epoxy resins.
Accelerator for epoxy resins in laminates for electrical equipment.
Sensitizer for the photopolymerisation of methacrylates.



PROPERTIES AND USAGE OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) in the polyurethane industry, it is a catalyst for polyester polyurethane block soft foam, polyurethane rigid foam, polyurethane sheet and adhesive coating.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is mainly used for rigid foam, which can make polyurethane foam have good early fluidity and uniform cells, and good adhesion between body and substrate.

Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) in the field of organic synthesis, it is mainly used as catalysts, corrosion inhibitors, acid neutralizers, and accelerators for embedding electron microscopy slices in organic drugs for the synthesis of dehydrohalogen.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is also used to synthesize quaternary ammonium salts, produce cationic surface active and powerful fungicides, etc.

Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) in terms of epoxy resin, it is mainly used to promote curing systems such as acid anhydrides, polyamides, and fatty amines to accelerate product curing.

Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is widely used in epoxy resin electronic potting materials, encapsulating materials, epoxy floor coatings, and marine paints.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) specificial application examples include: carbon fiber/monomolecular epoxy resin-based composite laminates, electrophoretic coatings for epoxy substrates, and dry-type transformer potting glue.



APPEARANCE PROPERTIES OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless to light yellow liquid.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly soluble in cold water, soluble in hot water, and miscible in alcohol and ether.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a clear, light yellow liquid with an amine-like odour.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless to slightly yellow transparent liquid, soluble in ethanol, soluble in hot water, slightly soluble in cold water.



SYNTHESIS OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) can be synthesized by the Eschweiler–Clarke reaction of benzylamine



REACTIONS OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) undergoes directed ortho metalation with butyl lithium:

[C6H5CH2N(CH3)2 + BuLi → 2-LiC6H4CH2N(CH3)2
LiC6H4CH2N(CH3)2 + E+ → 2-EC6H4CH2N(CH3)2
Via these reactions, many derivatives are known with the formula 2-X-C6H4CH2N(CH3)2 (E = SR, PR2, etc.).

The amine is basic and undergoes quaternization with alkyl halides (e.g. hexyl bromide) to give quaternary ammonium salts:
[C6H5CH2N(CH3)2 + RX → [C6H5CH2N(CH3)2R]+X−
Such salts are useful phase transfer catalysts.



PROPERTIES OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless to yellowish flammable liquid.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) smells of ammonia.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is soluble in ethanol and ether, but insoluble in water.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless to light yellow flammable liquid with ammonia odor.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is soluble in ethanol, ether, insoluble in water.



PREPARATION OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
25% Aqueous Dimethylamine, 1088 grams
Benzyl Chloride, 126.6 grams
In the apparatus of Example 1, the benzyl chloride was added dropwise over a two-hour period to the amine (molar ratio 1 to 6) at a rate sufficient to maintain the temperature below 40°C.

Stirring was continued at room temperature for an additional hour to insure completion of the reaction denoted by the equation below.
Preparation of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA)
Thereafter the reaction mixture was cooled in a separatory funnel while standing in a refrigerator maintained at 5° C and separated into two layers.

The upper oily layer, weighing 111.5g, was removed and steam distilled until no further oleaginous component was observed in the distillate as it came over.
The crude distillate was found to contain 103.5g of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) (76.1% of theory), 3.3g of dimethylamine and no quaternary salts.
The dimethylamine was distilled off below 29°C under atmospheric pressure from the Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) (bp 82°C/18mmHg).



SOLUBILITY OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly miscible with water.



NOTES OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is air sensitive.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents and carbon dioxide.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) neutralizes acids on exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) may attack some plastics



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
*Benzylamines
*Aralkylamines
*Trialkylamines
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
*Phenylmethylamine
*Benzylamine
*Aralkylamine
*Tertiary aliphatic amine
*Tertiary amine
*Organic nitrogen compound
*Organopnictogen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organonitrogen compound
*Amine
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Chemical formula: C9H13N
Molar mass: 135.210 g·mol−1
Appearance: colourless liquid
Density: 0.91 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Melting point: −75 °C (−103 °F; 198 K)
Boiling point: 180 to 183 °C (356 to 361 °F; 453 to 456 K)
Solubility in water: 1.2 g/100mL
Flash point: 55 °C (131 °F; 328 K)
Autoignition temperature: 410 °C (770 °F; 683 K)
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -75 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 183 - 184 °C at 1.020 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:

Upper explosion limit: 6,3 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 0,9 %(V)
Flash point: 57 °C - closed cup -
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 10 at 10 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 8 g/l at 20 °C - insoluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,98 - - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 213,57 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,9 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available

Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Surface tension 61,47 mN/m
Appearance at 20°C: colourless to yellowish liquid
Purity, GC (%): min. 99.0
Colour (Hazen): max. 100
Water, KF (%): max. 0.2
Characteristic properties:
Amine value (mg KOH/g): 409 - 417
Density at 25°C (g/ml): 0.89 - 0.91
Melting point: -75 °C
Boiling point: 183-184 °C765 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 0.9 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 2.4 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.501(lit.)

Flash point: 130 °F
storage temp: Store below +30°C.
solubility: water: soluble
pka: pK1:9.02(+1) (25°C)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to light yellow
PH: 10 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)(saturated solution)
Odor: strong fish odor
explosive limit 0.9-6.3%(V)
Water Solubility: 8 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
BRN: 1099620
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: 1.98 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 103-83-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 3
FDA UNII: TYP7AXQ1YJ

NIST Chemistry Reference: Benzenemethanamine, N,N-dimethyl-(103-83-3)
EPA Substance Registry System: N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine (103-83-3)
CAS: 103-83-3
EINECS: 203-149-1
InChI: InChI=1/C9H13N/c1-10(2)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7H,8H2,1-2H3/p+1
Molecular Formula: C9H13N
Molar Mass: 135.21
Density: 0.9 g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
Melting Point: -75 °C
Boling Point: 183-184°C765mm Hg(lit.)
Flash Point: 130°F
Water Solubility: 8 g/L (20 ºC)
Solubility: water: soluble
Vapor Presure: 2.4 hPa (20 °C)
Appearance: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless to light yellow
BRN: 1099620

pKa: pK1:9.02(+1) (25°C)
PH: 10 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)(saturated solution)
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Explosive Limit: 0.9-6.3%(V)
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.501(lit.)
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Density: 0.9
melting point: -75°C
boiling point: 183-184°C
refractive index: 1.5-1.502
flash point: 54°C
water-soluble: 8g/L (20°C)

Appearance (Form): Liquid
Boiling point: 183-184 °C
Melting poin: -75 °C(lit.)
Solubility: Soluble in water
Density: 0.9 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Melting Point: -75 °C
Boiling Point: 181.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 54.4±0.0 °C
Molecular Formula: C9H13N
Molecular Weight: 135.206
Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
CAS number: 103-83-3
EC index number: 612-074-00-7

EC number: 203-149-1
Hill Formula: C₉H₁₃N
Chemical formula: C₆H₅CH₂N(CH₃)₂
Molar Mass: 135.21 g/mol
HS Code: 2921 49 00
Boiling point: 180 - 183 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.90 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.9 - 6.3 %(V)
Flash point: 57 °C
Ignition temperature: 410 °C
Melting Point: -75 °C
pH value: 10 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C) (saturated solution)
Vapor pressure: 213.57 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 8 g/l
Viscosity (25℃): 90mPa.s;

Density (25℃): 0.897g/cm3;
Freezing point: -75℃;
Boiling range: 178-184℃;
Refractive index (25℃): 1.5011;
Flash point (TCC): 54℃;
Vapor pressure (20℃): 200Pa
melting point: -75 °C
Boiling point: 183-184 °C765 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 0.9 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Refractive Index: n20/D1.501(lit.)
Flash point: 130 °F
Storage conditions: Flammables area
Water solubility: 8 g/L (20 ºC)
BRN: 1099620



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor
in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature)


BENZYL GLYCIDYL ETHER – (BGE)
BENZYL GLYCOL, N° CAS : 622-08-2. Nom INCI : BENZYL GLYCOL. Nom chimique : Ethanol, 2-(phenylmethoxy)-. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 210-719-3. Classification : Glycol Ses fonctions (INCI). Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
BENZYL GLYCOL
BENZYL HYALURONATE, N° CAS : 111744-92-4, Nom INCI : BENZYL HYALURONATE. Nom chimique : Hyaluronic acid, phenylmethyl ester. Ses fonctions (INCI). Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
BENZYL HYALURONATE
BENZYL NICOTINATE, N° CAS : 94-44-0, Nom INCI : BENZYL NICOTINATE, Nom chimique : 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, phenylmethyl ester, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 202-332-3 Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
BENZYL NICOTINATE
BENZYL OCTANOATE, N° CAS : 10276-85-4, Nom INCI : BENZYL OCTANOATE, Nom chimique : Benzyl Octanoate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 233-620-7. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques
Benzyl Octanoate
BENZYL PCA, N° CAS : 60555-57-9, Nom INCI : BENZYL PCA, Nom chimique : Proline, 5-Oxo-, Phenylmethyl Ester, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 262-291-2. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau
BENZYL PCA
SynonymsDABC;2-[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]ethyl]ammonium chloride;(Acryloyloxyethyl)benzyldimethylammonium chloride;Benzyldimethyl[2-[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]ethyl]ammoniumchlorid;benzyldimethyl[2-[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]ethyl]ammonium chloride;Benzyldimethyl[2-[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]ethyl]ammonium chloride,80% in water;Benzenemethanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxyethyl-, chloride Cas no: 46830-22-2
BENZYL SALICYLATE
Benzyl salicylate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-hydroxybenzoic acid esters.
Benzyl Salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester, a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.


CAS Number: 118-58-1
EC Number: 204-262-9
MDL Number: MFCD00020034
Linear Formula: 2-(HO)C6H4CO2CH2C6H5
Molecular Formula: C14H12O3


These are benzoic acid esters where the benzene ring is ortho-substituted with a hydroxy group.
Benzyl salicylate is a sweet, balsam, and clean tasting compound.
Benzyl salicylate has been detected, but not quantified in, cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) and herbs and spices.


This could make benzyl salicylate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on Benzyl salicylate.
Benzyl Salicylate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-hydroxybenzoic acid esters.


These are benzoic acid esters where the benzene ring is ortho-substituted with a hydroxy group.
Benzyl Salicylate is a concentrated aromatic and flavor ingredient that may be used in flavor and fragrance compounds according to legal and IFRA or FEMA GRAS/FDA guidelines.


Benzyl Salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester, a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.
Benzyl Salicylate appears as an almost colorless liquid with a mild odor described as "very faint, sweet-floral, slightly balsamic" by those who can smell it, but many people either can't smell it at all or, describe its smell as "musky".


Benzyl Salicylate (CAS No. 118-58-1, EC No. 204-262-9) with the chemical name ‘2- hydroxybenzoic acid phenylmethyl ester’ is produced naturally in a variety of plants and plant extracts where it can be extracted.
Benzyl Salicylate, also called benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, is a synthetic fragrance compound.


Benzyl Salicylate is the ester of benzyl alcohol and salicylic acid.
Benzyl Salicylate has a Sweet-floral, spicy, balsamic, slightly phenolic.late is a clear almost colourless liquid that has a mild balsamic, sweetly floral note possessing excellent blending capabilities.


Benzyl Salicylate has a Sweet balsamic aroma perfect for most perfume compositions but especially oriental scents.
Benzyl Salicylate is produced naturally by many plants and is used as an odorous molecule in perfumed products: it is known for its light and balsamic, even musky scents.


Benzyl Salicylate is also a UV absorber which stabilizes the products.
Benzyl Salicylate is a clear colorless liquid with a sweet floral aroma.
To some, Benzyl Salicylate has a slightly floral smell, but to others, it gives off a musk-like scent.


Benzyl Salicylate is found naturally in a number of plants.
Benzyl Salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester, a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.
Benzyl Salicylate is a benzyl ester of salicylic acid, a colorless liquid, with balsamic type odor and flavor.


Benzyl Salicylate is also found in cloves.
Benzyl Salicylate is isolated from essential oils.
Benzyl Salicylate appears as an almost colorless liquid with a mild odor described as "very faint, sweet-floral, slightly balsamic" by some, while others smell nothing at all.


Benzyl Salicylate’s a common fragrance ingredient that has a light floral smell. Benzyl Salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester, a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.
Benzyl Salicylate appears as an almost colorless liquid with a mild odor described as "very faint, sweet-floral, slightly balsamic" by some, while others smell nothing at all.


Benzyl Salicylate is sweet, balsamic herbal oily aroma chemical with soft-narcotic touches.
Benzyl Salicylate is a commonly used perfumery chemical
Benzyl Salicylate is a colorless liquid. Melting point near room temperature (18-20 °C).


Benzyl Salicylate is a benzoate ester and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid.
Benzyl Salicylate is a natural product found in Desmos chinensis, Nicotiana cavicola, and other organisms with data available.
Benzyl Salicylate is an ester of benzyl alcohol and salicylic acid; this ingredient has been associated with allergies and contact dermatitis.


Benzyl Salicylate is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear liquid with a mild sweet floral odour.
Benzyl Salicylate appears as a component of some of our fragrance blends.
Benzyl Salicylate is a clear almost colourless liquid that has a mild balsamic, sweetly floral note possessing excellent blending capabilities.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
Benzyl Salicylate is a classic molecule in perfumers' palette.
Benzyl Salicylate perfectly smoothes the sharp edges of other materials.
Benzyl Salicylate smells very delicately on its own but can have huge impact in the composition.


Benzyl Salicylate works as a stabilizer against UV.
Benzyl Salicylate occurs naturally in a variety of plants and plant extracts like cananga and ylang ylang, and is widely used in blends of fragrance materials.


Benzyl Salicylate is used as a solvent for crystalline synthetic musks and as a component and fixative in floral perfumes such as carnation, jasmine, lilac, and wallflower.
In addition, Benzyl Salicylate can be synthesised for use, typically as a fragrance ingredient, in a range of manufactured goods (cosmetics, household goods, and medicines).


In cosmetics, Benzyl Salicylate is used for its fragrance/perfuming function.
Likewise, Benzyl Salicylate is used to create both floral perfumes and lab-created musk.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Benzyl Salicylate is used in the formulation of bath products, bubble baths, cleansing products, hair care products, makeup, moisturizers, perfumes and colognes, shampoos, skin care products and suntan products.


Benzyl Salicylate functions as a fragrance ingredient and as an ultraviolet light absorber.
Benzyl Salicylate is often used for its cosmetic notes as a base for heavy florals such as Ylang Ylang, Gardenia, Jasmine and Lily. It is also used in functional products such as soap, shampoo and fabric softener.


Benzyl Salicylate is used for external use only.
Often used for Benzyl Salicylate's ‘cosmetic notes’ as a base for heavy florals such as ylang, gardenia, jasmine, lily etc.
Benzyl Salicylate is also used in functional products such as soap, shampoo, and fabric softener.


Benzyl Salicylate is widely used as a blender or even better, as a floral background with that particular round sunscreen smell reminiscent of tropical flowers.
Benzyl Salicylate is widely used as a blender or even better, as a floral background with that particular round sunscreen smell reminiscent of tropical flowers.


Benzyl Salicylate, a salicylic acid benzyl ester, can be used as a component in perfumes and as a solvent for crystalline synthetic musks.
Benzyl Salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester. Benzyl Salicylate can be used as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.
Cosmetic Uses of Benzyl Salicylate: perfuming agents and uv absorbers


Benzyl Salicylate occurs naturally in a variety of plants and plant extracts and is widely used in blends of fragrance materials.
Benzyl Salicylate is used as a solvent for crystalline synthetic musks and as a component and fixative in floral perfumes such as carnation, jasmine, lilac, and wallflower.


Benzyl Salicylate is a synthetic chemical produced for industry from benzyl alcohol and salicylic acid, however it can be found naturally in some plants and plant extracts, such as hyacinth flower oil and ylang-ylang oil.
Benzyl Salicylate's used as a fixative and solvent in cosmetic fragrances, and is also used in some sunscreens for its UV light absorbing properties.


Benzyl Salicylate is often used as a co-solvent for floral and non-flora flavors and as a good fixative.
Benzyl Salicylatet is suitable for flavors such as carnation, ylang-ylang, jasmine, fragrant orchid, lily of the valley, lilac, tuberose, and flower.
Benzyl Salicylate can also be used in a small amount in edible flavors such as apricots, peaches, plums, bananas, and pears.


Benzyl Salicylate (CAS# 118-58-1) is an chemical compound commonly used in the cosmetic industry.
Benzyl Salicylate is also found in essential oils from green tea and was shown to exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
Odour=>Benzyl Salicylate has a fresh, sweet, balsam tone.


Benzyl Salicylate is clean, herbal oily, with touches of soft-narcotic and frangipani.
Benzyl Salicylate is aromatic, slightly-medicinal, and has qualities of orchid petal and faint sweet-florals.
Benzyl Salicylate is, according to the judgment of some people, (including perfumers) absolutely odorless while others find it 'musky' of odor.
Trace impurities can greatly influence the odor of this high-boiling chemical, Benzyl Salicylate.



BENEFITS of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
Benzyl Salicylate is used as a UV absorber, when applied to the skin it absorbs UV rays.
Benzyl Salicylate also has a pleasant smell, so it is also used as a fragrance ingredient.
Some researchers have stated that Benzyl Salicylate is also useful in acne prone skin because of the presence of salicylic acid in it.



FUNCTIONS of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
*UV absorber:
Benzyl Salicylate protects the cosmetic product against the effects of UV light
*Fragrant agent:
Benzyl Salicylate is used for perfume and aromatic raw materials



PRODUCTS THAT MAY CONTAIN BENZYL SALICYLATE:
*Cosmetics
*Hair Dye
*Perfumes



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
*Salicylic acid and derivatives
*Benzyloxycarbonyls
*Benzoyl derivatives
*1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids
*1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids
*Vinylogous acids
*Carboxylic acid esters
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Organooxygen compounds
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
*O-hydroxybenzoic acid ester
*Benzyloxycarbonyl
*Salicylic acid or derivatives
*Benzoyl
*1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
*1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
*Phenol
*Vinylogous acid
*Carboxylic acid ester
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear oily liquid to solid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 1.17300 to 1.18100 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 9.761 to 9.827
Specific Gravity: 1.17400 to 1.18200 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - est.: 9.780 to 9.847
Refractive Index: 1.57900 to 1.58300 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 22.00 to 25.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 208.00 °C. @ 26.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 168.00 to 170.00 °C. @ 5.00 mm Hg
Congealing Point: 23.00 °C.
Acid Value: 1.00 max. KOH/g
Vapor Pressure: 0.000170 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 356.00 °F. TCC ( 180.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 4.209 (est)
Shelf Life: 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage: store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.

Soluble in:
deluent for candle fragrances
ethyl alcohol, 9 vol. 90% alcohol
fixed oils, most fixed oils
isopropyl myristate
kerosene
paraffin oil
water, 24.59 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:
water
glycerin
propylene glycol
Stability:
acid cleaner
antiperspirant
deo stick
detergent perborate
fabric softener
hair spray
non-discoloring in most media
shampoo
soap

Melting Point: 18°C to 20°C
Density: 1.17
Boiling Point: 190°C (14mmHg)
Flash Point: 137°C (278°F)
Refractive Index: 1.5804
Quantity: 100 g
Beilstein: 2115365
Merck Index: 14,1144
Formula Weight: 228.25
Percent Purity: 99%
Chemical Name or Material: Benzyl salicylate
Water Solubility: 0.11 g/L
logP: 3.66
logP: 4.05
logS: -3.3
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 9.72
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.3
Physiological Charge: 0

Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 46.53 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 64.68 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 23.66 ų
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C14H12O3
IUPAC name: benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C14H12O3/c15-13-9-5-4-8-12(13)14(16)17-10-11-6-2-1-3-7-11/h1-9,15H,10H2
InChI Key: ZCTQGTTXIYCGGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: OC1=C(C=CC=C1)C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 228.2433
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 228.07864425
Molecular Weight: 228.24 g/mol
XLogP3: 3.2

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 228.078644241 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 228.078644241 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 246
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color:colorless
Odor: No data available

Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 168 - 170 °C at 7 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 176,5 °C - closed cup - Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008, Annex, A.9
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 8,8 g/l at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 105
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 4,0 at 35 °C
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 25 °C - OECD Test Guideline 104
Density: 1,176 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Chemical formula: C14H12O3
Molar mass: 228.247 g·mol−1

Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 1.17 g/cm3
Molecular Formula: C14H12O3
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H12O3/c15-13-9-5-4-8-12(13)14(16)17-10-11-6-2-1-3-7-11/h1-9,15H,10H2
InChIKey: ZCTQGTTXIYCGGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 320°C
Melting Point: 130.5°C
Flash Point: 137°C
Purity: ≥95%
Density: 1.1751 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly), Water (Slightly)
Appearance: Almost colorless liquid
Storage: Store at -20°C
Assay: 0.99
Log P: 2.74920
MDL: MFCD00020034
Refractive Index: 1.5804-1.582
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Vapor Pressure: 7.8X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*After swallowing:
-Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
-nvironmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 56 min
*Body Protection:
Protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
-Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
-Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
BENZYL SALICYLATE
118-58-1
Benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl o-hydroxybenzoate
Salicylic Acid Benzyl Ester
Salicylic acid, benzyl ester
Phenylmethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Salicylsaeurebenzylester
NSC 6647
Salicyclic acid, benzyl ester
FEMA No. 2151
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, phenylmethyl ester
CCRIS 4749
UNII-WAO5MNK9TU
WAO5MNK9TU
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid phenylmethyl ester
EINECS 204-262-9
Salicyclic acid benzyl ester
BRN 2115365
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, phenylmethyl ester
DTXSID1024598
AI3-00517
NSC-6647
Salicylic acid-benzyl ester
Benzoic acid, hydroxy-, phenylmethyl ester
DTXCID304598
HSDB 8387
EC 204-262-9
4-10-00-00157 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
CAS-118-58-1
benzylsalicylate
benzyl salicilate
benzyl-salicylate
Benzyle salicylate
salicylic acid benzyl
Benzyl salicylate, 98%
SALICYLATE, BENZYL
WLN: QR BVO1R
SCHEMBL15573
MLS002415718
BIDD:ER0019
BENZYL SALICYLATE [MI]
CHEMBL460124
BENZYL SALICYLATE [FCC]
BENZYL SALICYLATE [FHFI]
BENZYL SALICYLATE [INCI]
FEMA 2151
NSC6647
Benzyl salicylate, >=98%, FG
CHEBI:165211
HMS2268I12
2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Benzyl Ester
BENZYL SALICYLATE [WHO-DD]
HY-B1556
Tox21_201869
Tox21_303046
MFCD00020034
Benzyl salicylate, analytical standard
AKOS015915010
NCGC00091411-01
NCGC00091411-02
NCGC00091411-03
NCGC00256928-01
NCGC00259418-01
AC-11580
AS-12902
SMR000112465
Benzyl salicylate, purum, >=99.0% (GC)
CS-0013437
FT-0654421
S0009
A893092
Q416929
J-003850
Z19703595
InChI=1/C14H12O3/c15-13-9-5-4-8-12(13)14(16)17-10-11-6-2-1-3-7-11/h1-9,15H,10H
Benzyl Salicylate
Salicylic Acid, Benzyl Ester
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy, Phenyl Methyl Ester
Benzyl O-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl salicylate
Benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Pachetta (base 80%) Benzyl salicylate
Benzyl ortho hydroxybenzoate
C14H12O3
Salicylic Acid, Benzyl Ester
Benzyl 2-Hydroxybenzoate
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, phenylmethyl ester
Salicylic acid, benzyl ester
Benzyl o-hydroxybenzoate
NSC 6647
Phenylmethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl 2-Hydroxybenzoate
Salicylic Acid Benzyl Ester
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, benzyl esterBenzoic acid
2-hydroxy-, phenylmethyl esterBenzyl
o-hydroxybenzoateBenzyl
o-hydroxybenzoateBenzyl
2-hydroxybenzoatePhenylmethyl
2-hydroxybenzoateSalicylic acid,
benzyl ester
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
Benzyl O-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl o-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl salicylate
Benzyl salicylic acid
Benzyle salicylate
FEMA 2151



BENZYL SALICYLATE
Benzyl Salicylate is a clear almost colourless liquid that has a mild balsamic, sweetly floral note possessing excellent blending capabilities.
Benzyl Salicylate is an ester of Salicylic Acid and Benzyl Alcohol.
Benzyl salicylate is a constituent of raw propolis that can be identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

CAS Number: 118-58-1
Molecular Formula: C14H12O3
Molecular Weight: 228.24
EINECS Number: 204-262-9

Benzyl Salicylate occurs in several essential oils, is a colorless, viscous liquid with a weak, sweet, slightly balsamic odor.
Benzyl salicylate is a benzoate ester and a member of phenols.
It is functionally related to a salicylic acid.

Benzyl Salicylate is an almost colourless liquid that is mildly balsamic, with a sweet floral note that possesses excellent blending capabilities.
Benzyl salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester, a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics.

Benzyl Salicylate appears as an almost colorless liquid with a mild odor described as "very faint, sweetfloral, slightly balsamic" by those who can smell it, but many people either can't smell it at all or describe its smell as "musky".
Trace impurities can have a significant influence on the odour.

Benzyl Salicylate occurs naturally in a variety of plants and plant extracts and is widely used in blends of fragrance materials.
There is some evidence that people can become sensitized to this material and as a result there is a restriction standard concerning the use of this material in fragrances by the International Fragrance Association.
Benzyl Salicylate is used as a solvent for crystalline synthetic musks and as a component and fixative in floral perfumes such as carnation, jasmine, lilac, and wallflower.

Benzyl salicylate is a chemical compound that is commonly used in the fragrance and cosmetic industry as a fragrance ingredient and UV light absorber.
Benzyl Salicylate is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sweet, floral odor.
Benzyl salicylate is often found in various cosmetic and personal care products such as perfumes, lotions, creams, and shampoos to add a pleasant scent and to help protect the product from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

In addition to its fragrance and UV-absorbing properties, benzyl salicylate can also function as a fixative, helping to stabilize and extend the longevity of fragrances in various products.
Benzyl Salicylate is one of the 24 allergens regulated by Europe.
Benzyl Salicylate is produced naturally by many plants and is used as an odorous molecule in perfumed products: it is known for its light and balsamic, even musky scents.

Benzyl Salicylate is also a UV absorber which stabilizes the products.
The first sun creams were also produced from this ingredient, but it was abandoned as it was not very effective in this area.
Benzyl Salicylate (CAS No. 118-58-1, EC No. 204-262-9) with the chemical name ‘2- hydroxybenzoic acid phenylmethyl ester’ is produced naturally in a variety of plants and plant extracts where it can be extracted.

In addition, Benzyl Salicylate can be synthesised for use, typically as a fragrance ingredient, in a range of manufactured goods (cosmetics, household goods, and medicines).
In cosmetics, Benzyl Salicylate is used for its fragrance/perfuming function.

Benzyl salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester, a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.
It appears as an almost colorless liquid with a mild odor described as "very faint, sweet-floral, slightly balsamic" by some, while others smell nothing at all.

There is debate whether the odour is caused solely by impurities or a genetic predisposition.
Benzyl Salicylate occurs naturally in a variety of plants and plant extracts and is widely used in blends of fragrance materials.
There is some evidence that people may become sensitized to this material and as a result, there is a restriction standard concerning the use of this material in fragrances by the International Fragrance Association.

Benzyl Salicylate is used as a solvent for crystalline synthetic musks and as a component and fixative in floral perfumes such as carnation, jasmine, lilac, and wallflower.
Benzyl salicylate may hydrolyze in aqueous acid or basic solutions.

Benzyl salicylate can react with oxidizing materials.
Benzyl salicylate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-hydroxybenzoic acid esters.

These are benzoic acid esters where the benzene ring is ortho-substituted with a hydroxy group.
Benzyl salicylate is a sweet, balsam, and clean tasting compound.
Benzyl salicylate has been detected, but not quantified in, cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) and herbs and spices.

This could make benzyl salicylate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on Benzyl salicylate.
Benzyl Salicylate was assessed by the SCCNFP in 1994 and by SCCS in 20125 and it is considered an established contact allergen in humans.

Benzyl Salicylate is currently regulated for labeling purposes as an allergen in entry 75 of Annex III to the Cosmetics Regulation.
In particular, “its presence must be indicated in the list of ingredients when its concentration exceeds 0.001% in leave-on products and 0.01% in rinse-off products”.
During the call for data, stakeholders submitted scientific evidence to demonstrate the safety of Benzyl Salicylate as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetic products.

Benzyl Salicylate is an ester of benzyl alcohol and salicylic acid; this ingredient has been associated with allergies and contact dermatitis.
Benzyl salicylate is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear liquid with a mild sweet floral odour.
This compound appears as a component of some of our fragrance blends.

Benzyl salicylate is a synthetic chemical produced for industry from benzyl alcohol and salicylic acid, however it can be found naturally in some plants and plant extracts, such as hyacinth flower oil and ylang-ylang oil.
Benzyl Salicylate's used as a fixative and solvent in cosmetic fragrances, and is also used in some sunscreens for its UV light absorbing properties.
Studies indicate a small percentage of people can be sensitive to this ingredient, which is why we list in when it's detected in our fragrances, though it only appears at very low concentrations, within the safe use defined by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA).

The IFRA is a self-regulatory representative body of the fragrance industry, dedicated to promoting the safe use of fragrances.
Benzyl salicylate is a volatile fragrance chemical with a sweet, floral odor used to impart scent to cosmetic products and perfumes.
Applied topically, benzyl salicylate can cause negative reactions, even in small amounts.

Benzyl salicylate is a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics.
Benzyl Salicylate is also used as a solvent for synthetic musks and as a preservative in floral compositions such as Jasmine, Liliac, and Lily.

Melting point: 18-20 °C
Boiling point: 168-170 °C5 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.176 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.01Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.581(lit.)
FEMA: 2151 | BENZYL SALICYLATE
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: -20°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
pka: 8.11±0.30(Predicted)
form: neat
color: Thick colorless liquid
Odor: pleasant odor
Odor Type: balsamic
Viscosity: 17mm2/s
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
JECFA Number: 904
Merck: 14,1144
BRN: 2115365
InChIKey: ZCTQGTTXIYCGGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 4

Benzyl salicylate has the chemical formula C14H12O3 and is derived from the esterification of salicylic acid with benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl Salicylates chemical structure consists of a salicylate group (similar to the compound salicylic acid, which is used in skincare products for its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties) and a benzyl group.

Benzyl salicylate is known for its sweet, floral, and slightly balsamic odor.
Benzyl Salicylate is often used in perfumes and colognes to provide a pleasant fragrance note.
Benzyl Salicylate can contribute to a wide range of scent profiles, from floral to oriental, depending on the other fragrance ingredients used in combination.

In addition to its role as a fragrance ingredient, benzyl salicylate is used as a UV absorber in various sunscreen and sunblock products.
Benzyl Salicylate helps protect the skin and the product itself from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing UVB and UVA rays.
Benzyl salicylate is generally recognized as safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used within specified concentration limits.

Benzyl Salicylate has been assessed by regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS).
While benzyl salicylate is considered safe for most people, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to it, as is the case with many fragrance ingredients.
Skin irritation or allergic reactions can occur in individuals with hypersensitivity.

Benzyl Salicylate's important for manufacturers to list it as an ingredient on product labels to help consumers identify and avoid products that may contain it if they have known sensitivities.
In many countries, cosmetic and personal care product manufacturers are required to list all ingredients on the product label, following International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) guidelines.
This ensures transparency for consumers and helps them make informed choices about the products they use.

Benzyl Salicylate appears as an almost colorless liquid with a mild odor described as "very faint, sweet-floral, slightly balsamic" by some, while others smell nothing at all.
Benzyl Salicylate’s a common fragrance ingredient that has a light floral smell.
Benzyl Salicylate’s one of the “EU 26 fragrances” that has to be labelled separately (and cannot be simply included in the term “fragrance/perfume” on the label) because of allergen potential.

Benzyl salicylate is a volatile scent ingredient, meaning that it evaporates quickly when exposed to air.
Benzyl Salicylate has a light floral scent that makes the products that it is in smell sweet and appealing.
Benzyl salicylate is used to improve the scent and usability of products.

Benzyl Salicylate is often found in formulations such as bath products, bubble bath, make up, perfumes, shampoos, cleansers and sun tanning products.
Benzyl Salicylate is a clear colorless liquid with a sweet floral aroma. In cosmetics and personal care products, Benzyl Salicylate is used in the formulation of bath products, bubble baths, cleansing products, hair care products, makeup, moisturizers, perfumes and colognes, shampoos, skin care products and suntan products.

Benzyl Salicylate is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synthetically.
Benzyl Salicylate has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.
Its salts, the salicylates, are used as analgesics.

Benzyl Salicylate treats acne by causing skin cells to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up.
This effect on skin cells also makes salicylic acid an active ingredient in several shampoos meant to treat dandruff.
Benzyl Salicylate is use of straight salicylic solution may cause hyperpigmentation on unpretreated skin for those with darker skin types (Fitzpatrick phototypes IV, V, VI), as well as with the lack of use of a broad spectrum sunblock.

Benzyl salicylate is often used in combination with other fragrance ingredients to create complex and appealing scents.
Perfumers and fragrance chemists use it as a versatile component to enhance and modify fragrance compositions.
Benzyl Salicylate can be found in a wide range of products, from fine fragrances to everyday consumer goods.

Benzyl salicylate's ability to absorb UV radiation makes it valuable for enhancing the photostability of certain cosmetic and personal care products.
When added to formulations, it can help prevent the degradation of active ingredients and the alteration of product color, scent, or texture when exposed to sunlight.
The concentration of benzyl salicylate in cosmetic and personal care products is subject to regulatory restrictions in various countries.

These restrictions are in place to ensure the safety of consumers.
Manufacturers must adhere to these limits when formulating products to prevent potential skin sensitization or other adverse reactions.
While benzyl salicylate is often synthetically produced for commercial use, it can also be found in small quantities in some natural substances.

Benzyl Salicylate can be present in certain essential oils, such as ylang-ylang oil, where it contributes to the oil's fragrance profile.
In cases where individuals are sensitive or allergic to benzyl salicylate, they may seek products that are labeled as "fragrance-free" or "scent-free."
These products typically do not contain added fragrances or fragrance ingredients, including benzyl salicylate, which can help minimize the risk of allergic reactions.

Benzyl salicylate can be found in a wide variety of products, including perfumes, colognes, body lotions, sunscreens, moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, and more.
Benzyl Salicylates use is particularly common in products designed for sun protection and skin care.

Uses
Benzyl Salicylate is a fragrance found naturally occurring in carnations and in certain members of the primrose family.
Although Benzyl Salicylate can be derived for cosmetic use from natural essential oils, such as jasmine oil, neroli, and ylang-ylang, it can also be synthetically manufactured.
Benzyl salicylate is a fragrance ingredient that is used in cosmetics and skincare products to improve their scent.

Benzyl Salicylate is an chemical compound commonly used in the cosmetic industry.
Benzyl Salicylate is also found in essential oils from green tea and was shown to exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobia l activity.
Benzyl Salicylate is used as a UV absorber, when applied to the skin it absorbs UV rays.

Benzyl Salicylate also has a pleasant smell, so it is also used as a fragrance ingredient.
Some researchers ha stated that it is also useful in acne prone skin because of the presence of salicylic acid in it
Often used for its ‘cosmetic notes’ as a base for heavy florals such as ylang, gardenia, jasmine, lily etc.

Benzyl Salicylate is also used in functional products such as soap, shampoo and fabric softener.
Benzyl Salicylate can also be used succesfully in products such as shampoo, soap and fabric softener.
Benzyl salicylate is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient.

Benzyl Salicylate imparts a sweet, floral, and slightly balsamic scent, making it a valuable component in perfumes, colognes, and other fragranced products.
It contributes to the overall aroma profile of these products, adding depth and complexity to the scent.
Benzyl salicylate serves as a UV absorber in cosmetic and personal care products, particularly in sunscreens and sunblock lotions.

Benzyl Salicylate helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing UVB and UVA rays.
This UV protection is important for preventing skin damage and sunburn.
In addition to protecting the skin from UV radiation, benzyl salicylate can enhance the photostability of certain cosmetic formulations.

When added to products, Benzyl Salicylate helps prevent the degradation of active ingredients and maintains the product's color, scent, and texture when exposed to sunlight.
Benzyl salicylate can act as a fixative in perfumes and fragranced products.
Benzyl Salicylate helps stabilize and prolong the longevity of fragrances, allowing them to last longer on the skin or in the product itself.

While less common, benzyl salicylate is occasionally used as a flavoring agent in the food industry, primarily in small quantities for specific flavor profiles.
In some industrial and pharmaceutical applications, benzyl salicylate may be used as an intermediate compound in chemical processes.
Benzyl salicylate is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair styling products.

Benzyl Salicylate can help add a pleasant scent to these products while also providing some UV protection for the hair.
In addition to facial skincare products, body lotions, creams, and moisturizers may contain benzyl salicylate to enhance their fragrance and provide some level of UV protection for the skin.
Some sunless tanning products, like self-tanning lotions and sprays, may include benzyl salicylate to help protect the skin from UV radiation and maintain the product's stability.

Benzyl salicylate can be found in various cosmetic products, including foundations, powders, lipsticks, and eyeshadows.
Benzyl Salicylate can contribute to the overall sensory experience of these products by adding a subtle fragrance.
Soaps, shower gels, bath oils, and bath bombs may contain benzyl salicylate to provide a pleasant scent and, in some cases, a minimal level of UV protection.

Some nail polishes and nail care products may incorporate benzyl salicylate to improve the scent and extend the longevity of the fragrance.
Benzyl salicylate can also be used in scented candles and air fresheners to provide a sweet and floral aroma when these products are burned or diffused.
While less common, benzyl salicylate may find use in industrial applications such as plastics, coatings, and adhesives, where it can serve as a UV stabilizer.

Benzyl salicylate can be incorporated into aromatherapy products, such as essential oil blends, diffuser oils, and massage oils, to contribute to the overall scent and therapeutic experience.
In tanning oils and lotions used for outdoor tanning, benzyl salicylate can act as a mild UV protector for the skin while adding a pleasant scent.

Some after-sun products, such as soothing creams and lotions, may contain benzyl salicylate to provide fragrance and, in some cases, a degree of UV protection for sun-exposed skin.
Benzyl Salicylate is generally safe for most individuals, it may be found in some skincare products designed for sensitive or hypoallergenic skin as a fragrance component.
In such cases, its concentration is usually minimal.

Benzyl salicylate is utilized in the production of perfumed candles, reed diffusers, room sprays, and other home fragrance products to create a pleasant indoor atmosphere.
Benzyl Salicylate may be used in trace amounts as a flavoring agent, primarily in products where its sweet and floral notes complement the flavor profile.
However, Benzyl Salicylates use in food is less common compared to other food flavorings.

Perfumers and fragrance chemists continually explore new applications and creative uses for fragrance ingredients like benzyl salicylate to develop unique and captivating scents for various products, including niche perfumes and artisanal cosmetics.
In the field of research and development, benzyl salicylate can be used as a reference compound for testing and calibration in analytical chemistry and quality control processes.

Safety Profile:
Benzyl salicylate poses dangers to sensitive skin.
Even in very small amounts, Benzyl Salicylate may cause allergic reactions when applied to the skin.
Benzyl salicylate can cause contact dermatitis (skin irritation) to people with sensitive skin types.

Benzyl Salicylate is also on the European Commission's list of 26 known allergens.
Some of the other ingredients on the fragrance allergen list include linalool, coumarin, geraniol, and limonene.
Benzyl salicylate can cause skin sensitization or allergic reactions in some individuals, particularly those with preexisting sensitivities or allergies to fragrances or cosmetic ingredients.

Benzyl Salicylate may cause eye irritation, leading to redness, tearing, or discomfort.
Benzyl Salicylate avoid direct contact with the eyes and rinse thoroughly with water if eye contact occurs.
Inhalation of benzyl salicylate vapors or mists in high concentrations may cause respiratory irritation or discomfort.

Benzyl salicylate is not intended for ingestion.
Ingesting significant amounts of this chemical can be harmful and may lead to nausea, vomiting, or other gastrointestinal symptoms.
In case of accidental ingestion, seek medical attention.

Benzyl salicylate is not considered highly flammable, but it may burn if exposed to an open flame or heat source.
Store Benzyl Salicylate away from open flames, sparks, or heat sources.

Benzyl salicylate should not be mixed or stored with incompatible chemicals.
Benzyl Salicylate may react with strong acids or bases, potentially leading to hazardous situations or product degradation.

Environmental Impact:
As with many chemical compounds, benzyl salicylate, when improperly disposed of or released into the environment in significant quantities, can have adverse effects on aquatic life and ecosystems.
Benzyl Salicylate is important to follow environmental regulations and guidelines for its disposal.

Synonyms
BENZYL SALICYLATE
118-58-1
Benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl o-hydroxybenzoate
Salicylic Acid Benzyl Ester
Salicylic acid, benzyl ester
Phenylmethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Salicylsaeurebenzylester
NSC 6647
Salicyclic acid, benzyl ester
FEMA No. 2151
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, phenylmethyl ester
CCRIS 4749
UNII-WAO5MNK9TU
WAO5MNK9TU
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid phenylmethyl ester
EINECS 204-262-9
Salicyclic acid benzyl ester
BRN 2115365
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, phenylmethyl ester
DTXSID1024598
AI3-00517
NSC-6647
Salicylic acid-benzyl ester
Benzoic acid, hydroxy-, phenylmethyl ester
DTXCID304598
HSDB 8387
EC 204-262-9
4-10-00-00157 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
CAS-118-58-1
benzylsalicylate
benzyl salicilate
benzyl-salicylate
Benzyle salicylate
salicylic acid benzyl
Benzyl salicylate, 98%
SALICYLATE, BENZYL
WLN: QR BVO1R
SCHEMBL15573
MLS002415718
BIDD:ER0019
BENZYL SALICYLATE [MI]
CHEMBL460124
BENZYL SALICYLATE [FCC]
BENZYL SALICYLATE [FHFI]
BENZYL SALICYLATE [INCI]
FEMA 2151
NSC6647
Benzyl salicylate, >=98%, FG
CHEBI:165211
HMS2268I12
2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Benzyl Ester
BENZYL SALICYLATE [WHO-DD]
HY-B1556
Tox21_201869
Tox21_303046
MFCD00020034
Benzyl salicylate, analytical standard
AKOS015915010
NCGC00091411-01
NCGC00091411-02
NCGC00091411-03
NCGC00256928-01
NCGC00259418-01
AC-11580
AS-12902
SMR000112465
Benzyl salicylate, purum, >=99.0% (GC)
CS-0013437
FT-0654421
S0009
A893092
Q416929
J-003850
Z19703595
InChI=1/C14H12O3/c15-13-9-5-4-8-12(13)14(16)17-10-11-6-2-1-3-7-11/h1-9,15H,10H
BENZYLDIMETHYLAMINE
Benzyldimethylamine can also be prepared by reacting benzyl chloride with dimethylamine .
Benzyldimethylamine is a flammable, low-volatility, colorless liquid with a foul, amine-like odor that is poorly soluble in water.
Benzyldimethylamine is aqueous solution has an alkaline reaction.

CAS Number: 103-83-3
Molecular Formula: C9H13N
Molecular Weight: 135.21
EINECS Number: 203-149-1

Benzyldimethylamine, 103-83-3, Benzyldimethylamine, Benzyldimethylamine, N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, Dimethylbenzylamine, BDMA, Benzenemethanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, Araldite accelerator 062, N,N-Dimethyl-N-benzylamine, N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, Benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-, Sumine 2015, N,N'-Dimethylbenzylamine, NSC 5342, Benzyl-dimethyl-amine, TYP7AXQ1YJ, DTXSID8021854, NSC-5342, NCGC00090991-02, 28262-13-7, DTXCID801854, CAS-103-83-3, CCRIS 6693, UNII-TYP7AXQ1YJ, EINECS 203-149-1, UN2619, Benzenemethanamine, dimethyl-, AI3-26794, Benzenemethamine, N,N-dimethyl-, Dabco BDMA, N,N-dimethyl-1-phenyl-methanamine, benzyldimethyl-amine, dimethylbenzyl amine, n-dimethylbenzylamine, dimethyl benzyl amine, N,N-Dmethylbenzylamne, N-benzyl dimethylamine, Benzylamine,N-dimethyl-, N,N,-dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyl benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-benzylamine, N, N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyl benzyl amine, Benzenemethanamine,dimethyl-, EC 203-149-1, dimethyl (phenylmethyl)amine, SCHEMBL15900, MLS002222342, CHEMBL45591, N,N-Dimethyl(phenyl)methanamine, NSC5342, Benzyldimethylamine, >=99%, N,N-Dimethyl(phenyl)methanamine #, WLN: 1N1 & 1R, Tox21_113457, Tox21_200719, MFCD00008329, AKOS000120578, UN 2619, NCGC00090991-01, NCGC00090991-03, NCGC00258273-01, AC-10211, LS-13652, SMR001307284, Benzyldimethylamine(Benzyldimethylamine), Benzyldimethylamine [UN2619] [Corrosive], D0688, FT-0657620, NS00008694, EN300-16212, N,?N-?Dimethylbenzylamine(Benzyldimethylamine), Q424966, J-001043, J-523270, InChI=1/C9H13N/c1-10(2)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7H,8H2,1-2H, Benzyldimethylamine, for protein sequence analysis, >=99.5% (GC).

Benzyldimethylamine is a colorless liquid.
Benzyldimethylamine is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Benzyldimethylamine is commonly used as a reagent in organic synthesis and also serves as a catalyst in the synthesis of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.

Benzyldimethylamine appears as a colorless to light yellow liquid with an aromatic odor.
Slightly less dense than water and slightly soluble in water.
Corrosive to skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

Slightly toxic by ingestion, skin absorption and inhalation.
Benzyldimethylamine is used in the manufacture of adhesives; dehydrohalogenating catalyst; corrosion inhibitor; acid neutralizer; potting compounds; cellulose modifier and quaternary ammonium compounds.
Benzyldimethylamine, the benzyl chloride was added dropwise over a two-hour period to the amine at a rate sufficient to maintain the temperature below 40°C.

Stirring was continued at room temperature for an additional hour to insure completion of the reaction denoted by the equation below.
Thereafter the reaction mixture was cooled in a separatory funnel while standing in a refrigerator maintained at 5° C.
The upper oily layer, weighing 111.5g, was removed and steam distilled until no further oleaginous component was observed in the distillate as it came over.

The crude distillate was found to contain 103.5g of Benzyldimethylamine (76.1% of theory), 3.3g of Benzyldimethylamine and no quaternary salts.
The Benzyldimethylamine was distilled off below 29°C under atmospheric pressure from the Benzyldimethylamine (bp 82°C/18mmHg).
Benzyldimethylamine neutralizes acids on exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.

May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. May attack some plastics.
Benzyldimethylamine can be obtained by reacting benzylamine with methanol in the presence of hydrogen chloride as a catalyst.

Benzyldimethylamine has a viscosity of 3 mPa s at 20 °C.
Benzyldimethylamine is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2N(CH3)2.
The molecule consists of a benzyl group, C6H5CH2, attached to a dimethylamino functional group.

Benzyldimethylamine reacts with Os3(CO)12 to form triosmium clusters.
Anodic oxidation of Benzyldimethylamine has been studied in methanol-tetra-n-butylammonium fluoroborate and in methanol-potassium hydroxide.
A product study of the reaction of Benzyldimethylamine with thermally and photochemically generated 1O2 in MeCN was carried out.

Benzyldimethylamine and N-benzyl-N-methylformamide are the reaction products, oxygenation representing ca. 9% of the overall quenching of 1O2 by 1.
The temperature effect and the intermolecular and intramolecular kinetic deuterium isotope effects were also determined.
Benzyldimethylamine is suggested that the products derive from an intracomplex hydrogen atom transfer in a reversibly formed charge-transfer complex.

Benzyldimethylamine a colorless to light yellow liquid with an aromatic odor.
Slightly less dense than water and slightly soluble in water.
Corrosive to skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

Slightly toxic by ingestion, skin absorption and inhalation.
Benzyldimethylamine is used in the manufacture of adhesives and other chemicals.
Benzyldimethylamine is used in the preparation of bis[(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl] selenide.

Benzyldimethylamine acts as a catalyst in the curing reaction of formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
Benzyldimethylamine undergoes directed ortho metalation with butyl lithium.
Benzyldimethylamine reacts with methyl iodide to get ammonium salt, which is used as phase transfer catalysts.

Benzyldimethylamine is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Benzyldimethylamine is an intermediate for organic synthesis, such as synthesis of quaternary ammonium salt, also used in dehydrogenation catalyst, preservative, acid neutralizer, etc.
Benzyldimethylamine appears as a colorless to light yellow liquid with an aromatic odor with the formula C9H13N .

Mainly Used in the manufacture of adhesives and other chemicals.
Benzyldimethylamine, also known as N-benzyl-n,n-dimethylamine nitrate or benzyl-dimethyl-amine, is a member of the class of compounds known as phenylmethylamines.
Benzyldimethylamines are compounds containing a phenylmethtylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted by an methanamine.

Benzyldimethylamine is slightly soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa).
Benzyldimethylamine can be found in tea, which makes Benzyldimethylamine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Benzyldimethylamine, also known as N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C9H13N.

Benzyldimethylamine is classified as a tertiary amine due to its nitrogen atom bonded to three carbon groups.
The chemical structure of Benzyldimethylamine consists of a benzene ring attached to a methyl group and a dimethylamine group.
Benzyldimethylamine is typically soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and ether but may have limited solubility in water.

Benzyldimethylamine can be used to synthesize quaternary ammonium salts by reacting it with alkyl halides.
These quaternary ammonium salts may find applications as phase transfer catalysts or antimicrobial agents.
The dimethylamine group in Benzyldimethylamine can undergo reactions with various electrophiles, allowing it to participate in a range of organic synthesis processes.

In certain applications, Benzyldimethylamine may be employed as a corrosion inhibitor, helping to prevent or reduce corrosion in metal surfaces.
Benzyldimethylamine is utilized in laboratory settings for its catalytic properties and as a reactant in organic synthesis.
Benzyldimethylamine may be used in industrial processes where its catalytic or intermediate properties are beneficial.

Benzyldimethylamine can be used in analytical chemistry, particularly for protein sequence analysis.
Proper disposal practices should be followed to minimize environmental impact, and it's important to handle and dispose of the compound in accordance with regulations.
Users and handlers of Benzyldimethylamine should refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer or supplier for specific safety guidelines, handling procedures, and emergency measures.

Melting point: -75 °C
Boiling point: 183-184 °C765 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 0.9 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 2.4 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.501(lit.)
Flash point: 130 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: water: soluble
pka: pK1:9.02(+1) (25°C)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to light yellow
PH: 10 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)(saturated solution)
Odor: strong fish odor
explosive limit 0.9-6.3%(V)
Water Solubility: 8 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
BRN: 1099620
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: 1.98 at 25℃

Benzyldimethylamine is used in the preparation of bis[(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl] selenide.
Benzyldimethylamine acts as a catalyst in the curing reaction of formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
Benzyldimethylamine undergoes directed ortho metalation with butyl lithium.

Benzyldimethylamine reacts with methyl iodide to get ammonium salt, which is used as phase transfer catalysts.
Benzyldimethylamine is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Benzyldimethylamine is a slightly toxic, flammable, colorless to light yellow liquid organic compound with an aromatic odor.

Benzyldimethylamine is used in the manufacture of adhesives and other chemicals.
Benzyldimethylamine may exhibit hygroscopic properties, meaning it has the ability to absorb moisture from the surrounding environment.
Benzyldimethylamine can be incorporated into resin formulations, contributing to the curing process and modifying the properties of the final cured resin.

In polymer chemistry, Benzyldimethylamine may serve as an additive to modify the properties of certain polymers.
Benzyldimethylamine can be used in the formulation of adhesives, influencing the curing and adhesive properties of the final product.
Some derivatives of Benzyldimethylamine may find applications in pharmaceuticals, either as intermediates or as components in drug formulations.

Benzyldimethylamine may act as a complexing agent in certain chemical processes, forming stable complexes with metal ions.
Benzyldimethylamine is used as a chemical reagent in various laboratory procedures, including organic synthesis and analytical chemistry.
The compound's chemical structure and properties make it compatible with a range of other compounds, allowing for diverse applications in different formulations.

Users should follow proper handling precautions, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment, when working with Benzyldimethylamine.
Compliance with local, regional, and international regulations is essential when using Benzyldimethylamine, and users should be aware of any restrictions or guidelines.
Benzyldimethylamine is often available in different grades, including technical grade, and the specific grade may depend on the intended application.

Like many amines, Benzyldimethylamine may have an amine-like odor, and exposure to high concentrations should be avoided.
Adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment should be used when handling the compound.
Specific safety guidelines and recommendations can be found in the safety data sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer.

Benzyldimethylamine is often employed as a catalyst in various chemical reactions.
Benzyldimethylamine is catalytic properties make it valuable in promoting specific chemical transformations.
One significant application involves the quaternization reaction, where Benzyldimethylamine is reacted with an alkyl halide to produce a quaternary ammonium salt.

These salts have applications in various chemical processes, including as surfactants and phase transfer catalysts.
Quaternary ammonium compounds derived from Benzyldimethylamine may exhibit surfactant properties, making them useful in formulations such as detergents, fabric softeners, and other cleaning products.
Benzyldimethylamine may be involved in certain polymerization reactions, contributing to the synthesis of polymers with specific properties.

Some quaternary ammonium compounds derived from Benzyldimethylamine have antimicrobial properties, which can be beneficial in formulations like disinfectants and sanitizers.
In certain industrial applications, Benzyldimethylamine can act as a corrosion inhibitor, helping to protect metal surfaces from corrosion.
Benzyldimethylamine is involvement in various reactions and its role as an intermediate in organic synthesis contribute to its significance in the preparation of diverse chemical compounds.

Benzyldimethylamine is utilized in protein sequence analysis, showcasing its importance in biochemical and analytical applications.
The compound may find applications in research and development, contributing to the synthesis of novel materials and compounds.

Proper handling and storage practices, as outlined in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS), are crucial to ensure the safety of individuals working with Benzyldimethylamine.
Users should comply with local regulations and guidelines regarding the handling, storage, and disposal of Benzyldimethylamine.

Uses:
Benzyldimethylamine was used in the synthesis of bis[(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl] selenide.
Benzyldimethylamine has been used as catalyst during curing reaction of formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
Benzyldimethylamine undergoes directed ortho metalation with butyl lithium.

Benzyldimethylamine reacts with methyl iodide to get ammonium salt, which is used as phase transfer catalysts.
Further, Benzyldimethylamine is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Benzyldimethylamine is used in the production of polyurethane paints , coatings, foams and potting compounds and as an intermediate in organic syntheses.

Benzyldimethylamine is also used in electron microscopy as a so-called Maraglas catalyst.
As the molecule has tertiary amine functionality, two of the key uses are as an epoxy-amine cure enhancement catalyst and also as a polyurethane catalyst.
Benzyldimethylamine, can be ligated with a N-heterocyclic carbene, to produce a highly active, practical and versatile catalyst for the Heck-Mizoroki reaction.

Benzyldimethylamine can also be used for the perpetration of novel electrolyte, dibenzyldimethylammonium fluoride for acylation of cellulose.
Benzyldimethylamine is employed as a curing agent in the formulation of resins, contributing to the polymerization process and modifying the properties of the cured resin.
Benzyldimethylamine may be involved in polymerization reactions, contributing to the synthesis of polymers with specific characteristics.

Benzyldimethylamine can act as a solvent in certain chemical reactions, aiding in the dissolution and mixing of reactants.
Some quaternary ammonium compounds derived from Benzyldimethylamine possess antimicrobial properties, making them suitable for use in disinfectants and sanitizers.
Quaternary ammonium salts obtained from Benzyldimethylamine may be used for pH regulation in various formulations.

Quaternary ammonium compounds derived from Benzyldimethylamine are employed in fabric softeners, enhancing the softness of fabrics and reducing static cling.
Benzyldimethylamine may find applications in the oil and gas industry, particularly in certain chemical processes and formulations.
Benzyldimethylamine can be used in metalworking processes to provide corrosion protection for metal surfaces.

Benzyldimethylamine is utilized as an additive in certain industrial fluids to modify their properties.
In the oil and gas sector, Benzyldimethylamine is sometimes used as a hydrogen sulfide scavenger to mitigate the corrosive effects of hydrogen sulfide.
Benzyldimethylamine may serve as an additive in certain fuels to improve combustion properties.

Benzyldimethylamine may be used in the synthesis of certain photographic chemicals.
Benzyldimethylamine can be involved in the manufacturing of dyes and related compounds.
Benzyldimethylaminecan be used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds.

Benzyldimethylamine may serve as a catalyst or a reactant in certain chemical reactions.
Benzyldimethylamine can be further reacted to form quaternary ammonium salts, which have applications in various chemical processes.
Benzyldimethylamine is used as a catalyst in various chemical reactions, particularly in organic synthesis.

Benzyldimethylamine serves as an intermediate in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds, which find applications in the synthesis of surfactants and other specialty chemicals.
In some cases, Benzyldimethylamine may be used as a corrosion inhibitor.
Benzyldimethylamine is often employed as a catalyst in various chemical reactions, facilitating the transformation of reactants into products.

Benzyldimethylamine is a key intermediate in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts.
These salts have applications as surfactants, phase transfer catalysts, and antimicrobial agents.
Some quaternary ammonium compounds derived from Benzyldimethylamine exhibit surfactant properties.

These compounds are used in formulations such as detergents, fabric softeners, and cleaning products.
In polymer chemistry, Benzyldimethylamine can be used as an additive to modify the properties of certain polymers.
Benzyldimethylamine finds applications in adhesive formulations, influencing the curing process and adhesive properties of the final product.

Benzyldimethylamine can act as a corrosion inhibitor in certain industrial applications, helping to protect metal surfaces from corrosion.
Benzyldimethylamine is used as a chemical reagent in various laboratory procedures, including organic synthesis and analytical chemistry.
Benzyldimethylamine may be incorporated into resin formulations, contributing to the curing process and modifying the properties of the final cured resin.

Some derivatives of Benzyldimethylamine find applications in pharmaceuticals, either as intermediates or as components in drug formulations.
Benzyldimethylamine may serve as a complexing agent in certain chemical processes, forming stable complexes with metal ions.

Benzyldimethylamine is utilized in research and development for the synthesis of novel materials, compounds, and chemical processes.
Benzyldimethylamine plays a role in the formulation of adhesives, influencing the curing and adhesive properties of the final product.

Health Hazard:
Inhalation may be fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation and edema of the larynx and bronchi, chemical pneumonitis, and pulmonary edema.
Symptoms of exposure may include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea, and vomitting.

Safety Profile:
Poison by ingestion.
Moderately toxic by inhalation and skin contact.
A severe eye and skin irritant.

Flammable when exposed to heat or flame.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
The vapors of benzyldimethylamine can form an explosive mixture with air ( flash point 55 °C, ignition temperature 410 °C).

Benzyldimethylamine should be handled with care as it is a chemical substance, and exposure to skin, eyes, or inhalation should be avoided.
Proper safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, should be followed when working with this compound.
The specific hazards and safety guidelines may vary, and it's crucial to refer to the safety data sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer or supplier.


BENZYLDIMETHYLDECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
DESCRIPTION:
Benzyldimethylammonium chloride appears as colorless or yellowish powder or gummy amber solid.
Benzyldimethylammonium chloride has Aromatic odor.
Benzyldimethylammonium chloride is Very bitter taste.

CAS: 63449-41-2
European Community (EC) Number: 264-151-6
Molecular Formula: C19H34ClN

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZYLDIMETHYLDECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:
Molecular Weight: 311.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 311.2379778
Monoisotopic Mass: 311.2379778
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 21
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 216
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Form: powder
Mp: 50-60 °C

Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride (BDDAC) is a quaternary ammonium salt which has a wide range of applications in the scientific research field.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride is a cationic surfactant, meaning it has the ability to reduce the surface tension of water, and is used as an emulsifying agent, detergent, and antiseptic.
BDDAC has been studied extensively in various scientific applications, including in vivo and in vitro experiments, as well as in biochemical and physiological applications.

SYNTHESIS METHOD OF BENZYLDIMETHYLDECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:
BDDAC is synthesized from the reaction of benzyldimethylamine and decylamine with hydrochloric acid.
The reaction is conducted in an aqueous solution, and the product is then isolated and purified by crystallization.
The product is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of approximately 140°C.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATIONS:
BDDAC has been studied extensively for its potential applications in scientific research.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has been used in both in vivo and in vitro experiments, as well as in biochemical and physiological studies.

MECHANISM OF ACTION:
BDDAC is a cationic surfactant, meaning it has the ability to reduce the surface tension of water.
It is thought to act by binding to the surface of cells and disrupting the cell membrane, which can result in the release of intracellular contents.
It is also thought to act by disrupting the cell-cell interactions, which can result in changes in the cell’s physiology.

BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS:
BDDAC has been found to have a wide range of biochemical and physiological effects.
It has been found to affect the activity of enzymes, the metabolism of carbohydrates, and the synthesis of proteins.
It has also been found to affect the transport of ions across cell membranes, as well as the growth and development of cells.

IN VIVO STUDIES:
BDDAC has been used in in vivo studies to study the effects of the compound on various biological systems.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has been used to study the effects of the compound on the immune system, as well as its effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has also been used to study the effects of the compound on the skin and the gastrointestinal tract.

IN VITRO STUDIES:
BDDAC has also been used in in vitro experiments to study the effects of the compound on various biochemical and physiological processes.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has been used to study the effects of the compound on cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell death.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride also been used to study the effects of the compound on gene expression and the regulation of gene expression.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY:
BDDAC has been found to have a wide range of biological activities.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has been found to be an effective antiseptic and detergent, as well as an emulsifying agent.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has also been found to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities.

Advantages and Limitations for Lab Experiments:
BDDAC has been found to be an effective antiseptic and detergent, as well as an emulsifying agent.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has also been found to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities.

However, Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has also been found to be toxic at high concentrations and can cause skin irritation in some individuals.
Additionally, BDDAC can be difficult to work with in the laboratory due to its high melting point and insolubility in water.

Pharmacodynamics:
BDDAC is a cationic surfactant, meaning it has the ability to reduce the surface tension of water.
It is thought to act by binding to the surface of cells and disrupting the cell membrane, which can result in the release of intracellular contents.
It is also thought to act by disrupting the cell-cell interactions, which can result in changes in the cell’s physiology.

Future Directions:
There are a number of potential future directions for the use of BDDAC in scientific research.
These include the development of new synthesis methods, the exploration of its potential applications in other fields such as drug delivery and gene therapy, and the study of its effects on other biological systems such as the nervous system and the immune system.

Additionally, further research into the mechanism of action of BDDAC and its biochemical and physiological effects is needed in order to better understand its potential applications.
Finally, further research into the advantages and limitations of BDDAC for laboratory experiments is needed in order to optimize its use in the laboratory.

APPLICATION OF BENZYLDIMETHYLDECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride may be used as an analytical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in grapefruit seed extracts, milk samples and food products by chromatography based techniques.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride belongs to the benzalkonium (BAC) group of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs).
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride is widely used as an antibacterial and antifungal agent for disinfection purposes.



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BENZYLDIMETHYLDECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

SYNONYMS OF BENZYLDIMETHYLDECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:
Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:

965-32-2
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride
63449-41-2
BENZYLDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
benzyl-decyl-dimethylazanium;chloride
Benzenemethanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride
C8-18-Alkydimethylbenzyl ammonium chlorides
Roccal
Benzyldimethyl(mixed alkyl)ammonium chloride
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C8-18-alkyldimethyl, chlorides
MFCD00145757
Tret-O-lite XC 511
Benzyl(decyl)dimethylammonium chloride
CCRIS 4586
EINECS 213-521-5
EINECS 264-151-6
N-Capryl-N,N-dimethylbenzylammonium chloride
SCHEMBL29243
CHEMBL1878297
DTXSID7040780
Benzenemethanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride (1:1)
decyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride
Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides, benzyl-C8-18-alkyldimethyl
decyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride
NCGC00164244-01
BENZYL(DECYL)DIMETHYLAZANIUM CHLORIDE
FT-0629866
N-Benzyl-N-decyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride
Ammonium, alkyl(C14-16)dimethylbenzyl-, chlorides

Benzyldimethyl 2-1-Oxoallyl Oxy Ethyl Ammonium Chloride
Benzyltrimethylammonium chloride; Trimethylbenzylammonium chloride; Ammonium, benzyltrimethyl-, chloride; N,N,N-Trimethylbenzenemethanaminium chloride; BTM; TMBAC; cloruro de benciltributilamonio; Chlorure de benzyltributylammonium; CAS NO: 56-93-9
BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL)
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) has a role as a solvent, a metabolite, an antioxidant and a fragrance.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.


CAS Number: 100-51-6
EC Number: 202-859-9
E number: E1519 (additional chemicals)
Molecular Formula: C7H8O / C6H5CH2OH



SYNONYMS:
Benzylalkohol, alcohol benzylicus,Phenylcarbinolum, Phenylmethanol, Benzylic Alcohol, Benzylalcohol, Benzyl Alcohol, alcoholum benzylicum, alcool benzylique, alpha-Hydroxytoluene, alpha-toluenol, Aromatic alcohol, benzenecarbinol, Benzenemethanol, benzyl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Benzylalkohol, benzylic alcohol, (hydroxymethyl)benzene, Hydroxymethylbenzene, Phenylcarbinol, phenylmethanol, Phenylmethanol, phenylmethyl alcohol, Benzenemethanol, α-Hydroxytoluene, α-Toluenol, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Benzenecarbinol, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Methanol, phenyl-, NCI-C06111, Hydroxytoluene, Bentalol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzenmethanol, Benzylic alcohol, Methanol benzene, NSC 8044, Benzyl Alkohol, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, .alpha.-Hydroxytoluene, .alpha.-Toluenol, AB1002552, AC1L18SY, AC1Q7C20, AKOS000119907, Alcohol bencilico, Alcohol, Benzyl, Alcool benzilico, Alcool benzilico [DCIT], Alcool benzylique, Aromatic alcohol, Aromatic primary alcohol, B2378, BB_SC-7027, BENZYL ALCOHOL, ACS, BENZYL ALCOHOL, U.S.P./N.F., BENZYL-ALCOHOL, Benzal alcohol, Benzencarbinol, Benzene Carbinol, Benzenecarbinol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzyl Alcohole, Benzylalkohol, Benzylicum, Euxyl K 100, Hydroxytoluene, Itch-X, Jsp000133, Methanol, phenyl-, NCI-C06111, PENTADEOTEROBENZYL ALCOHOL, Phenolcarbinol, Phenyl Methanol, Phenyl-Methanol, Phenylcarbinolum, Phenylmethyl alcohol, TOLUENE,ALPHA-HYDROXY, alcoholum benzylicum, alpha-Toluenol, alpha-hydroxytoluene, aplha-Hydroxytoluene, benzenemethanol, benzylalcohol, benzylic alcohol, hydroxymethylbenzene, nchem.167-comp3, nchem.651-comp3i, nchem.932-comp19, phenylcarbinol, TB 13g, C7H8O, alcohol benzylicus, Benzenemethanol, Benzylic Alcohol, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl Alcohol, alpha-Toluenol, phenylmethanol, .alpha.-hydroxytoluene, .alpha.-toluenol, (hydroxymethyl)benzene, a-Hydroxytoluene, a-Toluenol, alcoholum benzylicum, Alcool benzylique, alpha-hydroxytoluene, Alpha-toluenol, Aromatic primary alcohol, Bentalol, Benzal alcohol, Benzenecarbinol, Benzenemethanol, benzenmethanol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Benzyl alkohol, Benzyl-alcohol, BenzylAlcohol, Benzylalkohol, Benzylic alcohol, Benzylicum, Enzylalcohol, hydroxymethylbenzene, Hydroxytoluene, MBN, Methanol benzene, Methanol, phenyl-, Phenolcarbinol, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylcarbinolum, phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Aromatic alcohol, Ulesfia, Α-hydroxytoluene, Α-toluenol, Alcohol, benzyl, Caswell no. 081F, Euxyl K 100, Itch-X, Sunmorl BK 20, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Alcoholum benzylicum, Alcool benzylique, alpha-Hydroxytoluene, alpha-Toluenol, Aromatic alcohol, Benzenecarbinol, Benzenemethanol, Benzylalkohol, Benzylic alcohol, Hydroxymethylbenzene, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Ulesfia, a-Hydroxytoluene, Α-hydroxytoluene, a-Toluenol, Α-toluenol, Alcohol, benzyl, .alpha.-hydroxytoluene, .alpha.-toluenol, Aromatic primary alcohol, Bentalol, Benzal alcohol, Benzenmethanol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzyl alkohol, Benzyl-alcohol, BenzylAlcohol, Benzylicum, Caswell no. 081F, Enzylalcohol, Euxyl K 100, Hydroxytoluene, Itch-X, MBN, Methanol benzene, Phenolcarbinol, Phenylcarbinolum, Sunmorl BK 20, TB 13g, Benzyl alcohol, Benzylalcohol, Phenylmethanol, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Benzyl alcohol, α-Cresol, α-Toluenol, α-Hydroxytoluene, alpha-Hydroxyphenylmethane, Phenylcarbinol, Benzenemethanol, Benzyl hydroxide, Benzylic acid, benzyl alcohol, phenylmethanol, benzenemethanol, 100-51-6, phenylcarbinol, benzylalcohol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzenecarbinol, alpha-Toluenol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Hydroxytoluene, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Phenolcarbinol, Benzal alcohol, benzylic alcohol, Alcool benzylique, Benzylicum, Methanol, phenyl-, Phenylcarbinolum, alpha-hydroxytoluene, Euxyl K 100, hydroxymethylbenzene, Bentalol, Ulesfia, Phenyl Methanol, Phenyl-Methanol, 66072-40-0, BENZYL-ALCOHOL, Caswell No. 081F, alcoholum benzylicum, Benzyl alcohol (natural), FEMA No. 2137, Benzylalkohol, Alcohol, benzyl, 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[USAN:INN:JAN], enzylalcohol, Protocoxil, phenyl carbinol, benzene-methanol, Benzyl Alcohole, a-Hydroxytoluene, a-Toluenol, Alcohol benzilico, Benzyl alcohol [INN:JAN:NF], Hydroxymethyl resin (200-400 mesh), PhCH2OH, Bn-OH, SCHEMBL147, Benzyl alcohol, ACS grade, bmse000407, C6H5CH2OH, CHEMBL720, WLN: Q1R, BENZYL ALCOHOL [MI], Benzyl alcohol (JP15/NF), BENZYL ALCOHOL [FCC], BENZYL ALCOHOL [INN], BENZYL ALCOHOL [JAN], BENZYL ALCOHOL [FHFI], BENZYL ALCOHOL [HSDB], BENZYL ALCOHOL [INCI], BIDD:ER0248, ALCOHOL,BENZYL [VANDF], BENZYL ALCOHOL [VANDF], ZilactinEarly Relief Cold Sore, TB 13G, Benzyl alcohol, LR, >=99%, BENZYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD], BENZYL ALCOHOL [WHO-IP], BDBM16418, NSC8044, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 009502, NCGC00091865-02, NCGC00091865-03, NCGC00091865-04, NCGC00254154-01, NCGC00259996-01, ALCOHOL BENZYLICUS [WHO-IP LATIN], Benzyl alcohol, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, Benzyl alcohol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, Benzyl alcohol, USP, 98.0-100.5%, B2378, Benzyl alcohol, tested according to Ph.Eur., Benzylalcohol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, E1519, NS00009775, Benzyl alcohol, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, Benzyl alcohol, SAJ first grade, >=98.5%, EN300-20016, Benzyl alcohol, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%, Benzyl alcohol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, C00556, C03485, D00077, D70182, Q52353, AB01563201_01, A800221, SR-01000872610, J-000153, SR-01000872610-3, BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], F0001-001



Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is slightly denser than water.
Flash point of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is 194 °F.


Boiling point of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is 401 °F.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is an antiparasitic agent used for the topical treatment of head lice infestation in patients 6 months of age and older.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a naturally ocurring and synthetic ingredient used as a solvent and preservative.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a clear alcohol with a mild sweet fragrance.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a synthetic chemical produced for industry, however it can be found naturally in some plants, fruits, tea, and wines.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol)'s a useful solvent due to its low toxicity, and can be found in many cosmetics and personal care products.


Though Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is among the least sensitising preservatives of its kind available, a small percentage of people can be sensitive to this ingredient on their skin.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is an aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) has a role as a solvent, a metabolite, an antioxidant and a fragrance.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a Pediculicide.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Nymphaea rudgeana, and other organisms with data available.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is also known as Aromatic Alcohol with the chemical formula C6H5CH2OH.
The IUPAC name of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is phenyl methanol.


At room temperature, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) exists as a colourless liquid that has a mildly aromatic smell.
When this aromatic alcohol, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), is deprotonated, the resulting anion is called a benzylate.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is not very soluble in water.


However, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) forms miscible mixtures with diethyl ether and other alcohols.
Many plants are known to naturally produce C6H5CH2OH.
The essential oils extracted from jasmine, ylang-ylang, and hyacinth contain some amount of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol).


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a polar solvent that is mildly soluble in water and is miscible in several organic compounds like Benzene, Methanol, Acetone, Alcohol, and Diethyl ether.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) smell is mild and pleasantly aromatic and exhibits low vapor pressure.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is an organic alcohol that is derived from fruits such as cranberries and apricots, according to board-certified dermatologist Geeta Yadav, MD.
It appears as a colorless liquid that has a slightly sweet scent.


Although it's most widely known as Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), the aromatic alcohol also goes by a few other names, such as benzene methanol or phenylcarbinol.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a colorless neutral aromatic liquid with a pH=7, which is used as a Solvent in many reactions due to its less toxic nature.


The solubility of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) depends on its polarizability.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is soluble in various organic compounds like Benzene, Methanol, Acetone, Alcohol, and Diethyl ether and is mildly soluble in the water.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is available in liquid form at room temperature.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is also known as Phenyl methanol as one of the hydrogens in the benzene or Phenyl group is replaced with the Methanol compound or Hydroxy toluene.


As one of the Hydrogen from the methyl group of Toluene is replaced with hydroxy −OH group.
"alpha-Toluenol or Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), belongs to the class of organic compounds.
These are organic compounds containing the phenylmethanol substructure.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor.
Additionally, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is considered safe up to 10% for use in hair dyes.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang, both free and as esters and is also present in cherry, orange juice, mandarin peel oil, guava fruit, feijoa fruit, pineapple, leek, cinnamon, cloves, mustard, fermented tea, basil and red sage.


Flavouring ingredient Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a useful solvent due to its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is found in many foods, some of which are towel gourd, cloud ear fungus, angelica, and safflower.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), also known as alpha-toluenol or aromatic alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol)s.
These are organic compounds containing the phenylmethanol substructure.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans.
Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol).



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a general solvent for inks, waxes, shellacs, paints, lacquers, and epoxy resin coatings.
Thus Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) can be used in paint strippers, especially when combined with compatible viscosity enhancers to encourage the mixture to cling to painted surfaces.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a precursor to a variety of esters and ethers, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries.
E.g. benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, benzyl cinnamate, dibenzyl ether, benzyl butyl phthalate.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) can be used as a local anesthetic, especially with epinephrine.


As a dye solvent, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) enhances the process of dying wool, nylon, and leather.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol).


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is an ingredient used in the manufacture of soaps, topical creams, skin lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers and is popular due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a common ingredient in a variety of household products.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with Lidocaine injection.
Also, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) as a solvent and preservative in many of our products, keeping them stable and working at their best.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is widely used as a solvent for epoxy resin coatings, inks, and paints.
C6H5CH2OH is a precursor to several esters.
A solution of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) with a concentration of 10% can be used as a local anaesthetic and also as an antimicrobial agent.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a component of the fluid mixtures used in electronic cigarettes (it enhances the flavour).
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) can serve as a dielectric solvent for the reconfiguration of some nanowires via dielectrophoresis.
5% solutions of this compound can be used to treat head lice.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used in the manufacture of soaps, shampoos, and skin lotions because of its antifungal and antibacterial properties.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used to make other chemicals.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection.


Also, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.
As a multifunctional ingredient, you can spot Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) on the ingredient label of many different skincare, cosmetic, and personal products, such as moisturizers, lip balms, face washes, and even makeup.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol)'s primarily used in product formulation as a preservative to stop microorganisms from overgrowing in products, which could later lead to an infection.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol)'s mostly used because of the scaremongering about parabens.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) may be used in the preparation of benzoic acid, via oxidation.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), an aromatic alcohol, is widely used in cosmetics and hair dyes.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) undergoes oxidation in the absence of solvent catalyzed by Pd catalysts supported on TiO2 functionalized with various amounts of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with lidocaine injections.
Also, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is metabolized to benzoic acid, which reacts with glycine and is excreted as hippuric acid from the human body.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a solvent for inks, waxes, paints, lacquers, epoxy resin coatings, etc.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used in the preparation of soaps, cosmetics, skin lotions, shampoos, topical creams, and perfumes as well.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) can also be used as a local anesthetic and in topical drugs.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used in skincare products, cosmetics, shampoos, etc.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as raw material and fixative for spices.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used reservatives, dyeing auxiliaries, solvents for paints and inks, and used to make ballpoint pen oils.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a chromatographic analysis reagent, also used in organic synthesis
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used food additives


-Use in health care:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics, and topical drugs.
Some caution is necessary if a high percent of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as benzaldehyde arises from it when used as preservative in an injectable formulation solution.

Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), sold under the brand name Ulesfia, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2009, as a 5% solution for the treatment of head lice in people 6 months of age and older.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) affects the louse's spiracles, preventing them from closing.
These then become clogged with water or mineral oil or other matter and cause the insect to die from asphyxiation.



HOW TO USE BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
As long as you don't have an allergy to Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), it's totally fine to use in your regular skincare routine.
Because Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is included in such a wide range of cosmetics, the time of day you would apply it, and the step in your routine depends on each specific product.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
*Primary alcohols
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Aromatic alcohols



SUBSTITUENTS OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
*Benzyl alcohol
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Aromatic alcohol
*Primary alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Alcohol
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



BENEFITS OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL) FOR SKIN:
Besides possibly having antioxidant properties and wound healing effects by promotion of collagen, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) doesn't have any specific benefits for your skin itself but rather helps to optimize skincare formulas so that they can better perform for your skin.
Here's what Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) can do:


*Preserve the product:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) acts as a preservative in skincare and cosmetic products due to its antibacterial and anti-fungal properties.
Any cosmetic or personal care product that Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is made with no preservatives (for example, preservative-free eye drops) generally comes in individual single-use containers to prevent contamination by contact or air.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) allows products to be bottled in larger packages designed for more than one use.


*Stabilizes the formula:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) also acts as a stabilizing agent against the oxidative breakdown of the product, which means it allows your products to work more effectively for a longer period.


*Provides Antioxidant activity:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) also has antioxidant properties, and antioxidants protect against free-radical damage.


*Dissolves ingredients:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) acts as a solvent and helps to dissolve other ingredients in a product's formula.


*Decreases viscosity:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) also decreases viscosity, which allows products to flow more easily.1


*Imparts a nice scent:
As an aromatic alcohol, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is naturally fragrant and slightly sweet.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol)'s also naturally found in some essential oils, including ylang-ylang and jasmine, and has a delicate floral scent.



STRUCTURE OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) consists of a hydroxyl group attached to a methyl group, which is in turn attached to an aromatic ring.
The pi electrons in the benzene ring are delocalized due to resonance.
Essentially, the structure of a Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) molecule is that of a toluene molecule in which one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a hydroxyl group.



NATURAL OCCURRENCES OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is also found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is also found in castoreum from the castor sacs of beavers.
Benzyl esters also occur naturally.



PREPARATION OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed:
C6H5CH2Cl + H2O → C6H5CH2OH + HCl
Another route entails hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, a by-product of the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid.[5]

For laboratory use, Grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide (C6H5MgBr) with formaldehyde and the Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde also give Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol).
The latter also gives benzoic acid, an example of an organic disproportionation reaction.



REACTIONS OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Like most alcohols, it reacts with carboxylic acids to form esters.
In organic synthesis, benzyl esters are popular protecting groups because they can be removed by mild hydrogenolysis.

Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) reacts with acrylonitrile to give N-benzylacrylamide.
This is an example of a Ritter reaction:
C6H5CH2OH + NCCHCH2 → C6H5CH2N(H)C(O)CHCH2



TYPE OF INGREDIENT:
Preservative, antioxidant, and solvent


MAIN BENEFITS OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Preserves, stabilizes, and dissolves ingredients


WHO SHOULD USE BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
In general, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is safe to use by anyone who does not have a true contact allergy to it.


HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is safe to use daily if you're not sensitive to it and if it's used at a low concentration.


BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL) WORKS WELL WITH:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) works well with most, if not all, other ingredients.


DON'T USE WITH:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) works well with most, if not all, other ingredients.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Under standard conditions, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a colourless, slightly aromatic liquid.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol)'s solubility in water corresponds to 3.5g/100mL at 20oC and 4.29g/100mL at 25o
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is soluble in several organic solvents such as benzene, methanol, acetone, and ether.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
The reaction between carboxylic acids and Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) leads to the formation of esters.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) undergoes a Ritter reaction with acrylonitrile to yield N-benzyl acrylamide.
When deprotonated, C6H5CH2OH yields a benzylate anion.



PREPARATION OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
The use of sodium hydroxide in the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride yields Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) and sodium chloride as the products.
The chemical equation for this reaction is given by:
NaOH + C6H5CH2Cl → NaCl + C6H5CH2OH
An alternate method of preparing Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) involves the Grignard reaction between formaldehyde (H-CHO) and phenylmagnesium bromide (Ph-Mg-Br).



SIDE EFFECTS OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
"Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is considered to be a safe ingredient in skincare and cosmetics when used on intact skin.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Chemical formula: C7H8O
Molar mass: 108.140 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Slightly aromatic
Density: 1.044 g/cm3
Melting point: -15.2 °C (4.6 °F; 257.9 K)
Boiling point: 205.3 °C (401.5 °F; 478.4 K)
Solubility in water:
3.50 g/100 mL (20 °C)
4.29 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Solubility in other solvents: Soluble in benzene, methanol,
chloroform, ethanol, ether, acetone
log P: 1.10
Vapor pressure: 0.18 kPa (60 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 15.40

Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -71.83·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.5396
Viscosity: 5.474 cP
Dipole moment: 1.67 D
Thermochemistry:
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 217.8 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -352 kJ/mol
Molecular Weight: 108.14 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 108.057514874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 108.057514874 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 55.4
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical State: Liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting Point/Freezing Point: No data available
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: 205 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (Solid, Gas): No data available

Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits:
Upper explosion limit: 13% (V),
Lower explosion limit: 1.3% (V)
Flash Point: 101 °C - DIN 51758
Autoignition Temperature: No data available
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Kinematic viscosity: No data available,
Dynamic viscosity: No data available
Water Solubility: No data available
Partition Coefficient (n-Octanol/Water): Log Pow: 1.05 at 20 °C
Vapor Pressure: No data available
Density: 1.05 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative Density: No data available
Relative Vapor Density: No data available
Particle Characteristics: No data available
Explosive Properties: No data available

Oxidizing Properties: None
Other Safety Information: Dissociation constant: 15.4 at 25 °C
CAS Number: 100-51-6
EC Index Number: 603-057-00-5
EC Number: 202-859-9
Hill Formula: C₇H₈O
Chemical Formula: C₆H₅CH₂OH
Molar Mass: 108.14 g/mol
HS Code: 2906 21 00
Boiling Point: 205 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.05 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Explosion Limit: 1.3 - 13% (V)
Flash Point: 101 °C DIN 51758

Ignition Temperature: 435 °C DIN 51794
Melting Point: -15.3 °C
Vapor Pressure: 0.07 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 40 g/L
Chemical Formula: C7H8O
Average Molecular Weight: 108.1378 g/mol
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 108.057514878 g/mol
IUPAC Name: Phenylmethanol
Traditional Name: Benzyl alcohol
CAS Registry Number: 100-51-6
SMILES: OCC1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H2
InChI Key: WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
C.A.S. Number: 100-51-6
MDL Number: MFCD00004599

EINECS Number: 202-859-9
ID PubChem Substance: 329749166
Linear Formula: C6H5CH2OH
Formula Weight: 108.14
Melting Point: -15 °C to -13 °C
Boiling Point: 203 °C to 205 °C
Density: 1.045 g/mL at 25 °C
Flash Point: 101 °C
Explosion Limit: 0.34% to 6.3%
Autoignition Temperature: 817 °F
Sensitivity & Storage: The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
It is hygroscopic and stable under recommended storage conditions.
Vapor Density: 3.7 (vs air)
Incompatible Materials: Various plastics

Reactivity: Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approximately 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.
Partition Coefficient: 1.05 at 20 °C (log Pow)
Dissociation Constant: 15.4 at 25 °C
Assay: >99.99%
Appearance (Color): Colorless
Form: Liquid
Water Solubility: 26.8 g/L
logP: 1.07
logS: -0.61
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 15.02
pKa (Strongest Basic): -2.8
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1

Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 20.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Refractivity: 32.87 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 11.89 ų
Number of Rings: 1
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
Chemical Formula: C7H8O
IUPAC Name: phenylmethanol
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H2
InChI Key: WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: OCC1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 108.1378
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 108.057514878



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water
system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 120 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

Benzyltrimethylammonium Chloride
sodium c14-16 olefin sulfonate C14-C16-Alkanehydroxysulfonic acids sodium salts Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts alpha-OlefinC14-C16,sulfonated,sodiumsalt SODIUMC14-16OLEFINSULPHONATE SODIUMC14-16ALPHAOLEFINSULFONATE C14-16-ALKANEHYDROXYANDC14-16-ALKENESULPHONICACIDS,SODIUMSALTS Sodium olefin-(C14-C16)-sulfonate CAS NO:68439-57-6
BEROL 175
BEROL 175 Cloud point 58-64 (1% in water) °C BEROL 175 Color ≤ 100 Hazen BEROL 175 pH 5-7 (1% in water) BEROL 175 Water content 9-11 % BEROL 175 Active content 90 % BEROL 175 Appearance Clear to turbid liquid at 20°C BEROL 175 Clear point 10 °C BEROL 175 Density 1000 kg/m³ at 20°C BEROL 175 Flash point ≥100°C BEROL 175 Foam Height according to Ross-Miles, 50°C, 0.05% immediately: 100mm; after 5 min: 65mm BEROL 175 HLB 12.5 BEROL 175 Pour point 6 °C BEROL 175 Surface Tension according to Du Noüy, 25°C, 0.1% DIN 53914 29 mN/m BEROL 175 Viscosity 130 mPa s at 20°C BEROL 175 Wetting power according to Draves, 25°C, 0.1% 15 sec BEROL 175 Solubility: 2-propanol Soluble BEROL 175 Solubility: Ethanol Soluble BEROL 175 Solubility: Low aromatic solvent Dispersible BEROL 175 Solubility: Propylene glycol Soluble BEROL 175 Solubility: Water Soluble BEROL 175 Solubility: White spirit Soluble BEROL 175 Solubility: Xylene Dispersible / insoluble BEROL 175 Water soluble BEROL 175 White spirit soluble BEROL 175 Xylene dispersible/insoluble BEROL 175 Ethanol soluble BEROL 175 Low aromatic solvent dispersible BEROL 175 Propylene glycol soluble BEROL 175 2-propanol soluble Berol 175-> C12-C16 alcohol ethoxylate.Berol 175 is a non-ionic surfactant based on a natural based primary alcohol. It has a hydrophilic (water soluble) character.Berol 175 by Nouryon is a non-ionic surfactant based on a primary alcohol (derived from natural sources). It acts as a dispersing agent, emulsifier and wetting agent. Exhibits hydrophilic (water soluble) character. Berol 175 is suitable for paints and coatings.Berol 175 should always be homogenised before use unless the entire quantity is used. Berol 175 can be used as wetting agent and emulsifier in cleaning products.Berol 175 is suitable in cleaning products such as liquid detergents and all purpose cleaners. Berol 175 should always be homogenised before use unless the entire quantity is used.A colorless liquid with a mild odor. Mp: 5°C; bp < 150°C; density: 0.9 g cm-3. Completely miscible with water. A major threat to the environment in case of a spill. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread. Can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate ground water and nearby streams. Very toxic to aquatic organisms. Irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure to the skin can cause reddening and scaling. Used in the making of surfactants.Alcohols, C12-16, ethoxylated is stable up to 50° C. Oxidizes on exposure to the air to form peroxides and peracids. Combustible but not flammable (flash point > 179°C). Auto-ignition temperature: 230°C. May react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases. Incompatible with copper and copper alloys and aluminum. A mixture of polyether alcohols of formula R-O-(CH2CH2-O-)n-H where R is a C-12 through C-16 alkyl group and n equals 1 through 6. Synthesized by treating a mixture of C-12 to C-16 alcohols with ethylene oxide.Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot.Ethoxylated alcohols, e.g. Berol 175, have a solubilization effect which helps to avoid the viscoelastic region where the formulation does not flow and has no practical use.Environmental monitoring indicates that the distribution of BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (AE) homologues in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents differs from the distribution in commercial AE products, with a relative higher proportion of fatty alcohol (AOH, which is AE with zero ethoxylation). To determine the contribution of AE-derived AOH to the total concentration of AE and AOH in WWTP effluents, we conducted a laboratory continuous activated-sludge study (CAS). This consisted of a test unit fed with AE-amended synthetic sewage and a control unit fed with only synthetic sewage to avoid AE contamination from the feed. The removal efficiencies of some 114 AE homologues were determined by the application of a specific and sensitive analytical method. The extent of the removal of AE ranged from 99.70% for C18 compounds to > 99.98% for C12-16. Relatively high-AOH concentrations were observed in the effluents from blank and test units. By building the concentration difference from the test minus the control unit, the AE in the CAS effluent originating from AE in the influent was determined. Thus, it could be shown that AOH represented only 19% of the total AE (EO0-18) in the CAS, while monitoring in 29 WWTP effluents (European, Canadian, and US) revealed in total a mean AOH fraction of 55% (5-82%) of the total AE (EO0-18). This shows that only a small fraction of AOH in WWTP effluents originates from AE entering the WWTP.Wilfaret BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are non-ionic surfactants. They generally take the form of a thick liquid. They are mainly used in cleaning agents, detergents, home care and emulsifier production. Chemicals such as BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates), SLES and SLS can also be manufactured from methyl esters. Depending on the grade / type of fatty alcohols.BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, (1) the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and (2) the hydrophilic, polyoxyethylene chain.Due the basic structure of these compounds that pair a hydrophobic portion (water-hating) with a hydrophilic component (water-loving), ethoxylated alcohols are a versatile class of compounds, commonly referred to as surfactants. BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (i.e. oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. By lowering this energy, many novel solution applications can be accessed by increasing the homogeneity of these two previously immiscible phases.Ethoxylated alcohols can vary widely in their properties and applications because the materials used to make these products can vary in their structures and amounts. For instance, fatty alcohols, which are commonly sourced from natural materials, can provide different structures depending on the plant from which they were extracted. Common natural sources of fatty alcohols include the palm oil tree (including both palm oil and palm kernel oil), oils from the coconut tree, and the oil from rapeseed. Each of these natural sources differs in its distribution of carbon chains, making an BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) from coconut oil alcohol different from an ethoxylated alcohol made from the alcohol of a palm kernel oil.Oxiteno offers a wide array of ethoxylated alcohols that have been sourced from natural materials (BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates)), each of which provide a unique set of application properties. Additionally, fatty alcohols can also be synthesized from petroleum products, providing unique structures in the hydrophobic moiety that are not commonly observed in nature. Branched alcohols and alcohols of specific carbon distributions can be attained using synthetic starting materials, all of which strongly affect the BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates)’s final properties. If you’re seeking surfactant companies, please visit the Oxiteno website to see our large portfolio of ethoxylated alcohols from synthetic sources.Alternatively, the length of the polyoxyethylene component (i.e. the hydrophilic portion) of the BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) provides this class of compounds with a wide assortment of water solubilities and detergency properties. Increasing the amount of ethylene oxide on the ethoxylated alcohol typically increases its water solubility, as well as increases the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) of the compound. Ranging in arbitrary units of 1-20, the HLB of a nonionic surfactant can be calculated and used to determine the propensity of a compound to work effectively in a given solution of oil and water. Lower HLB values (< 10) are commonly used for oil-rich solutions while surfactants with higher HLB values (> 10) are typically most efficient in oil-in-water emulsions. Each of Oxiteno’s line of ethoxylated alcohol products can vary widely in their HLB values, offering numerous options for the formulation chemist and scientist.BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are used in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Because these compounds are surfactants, they can be used whenever oily substances come into contact with water or a surface. Ethoxylated alcohols can be used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, degreasers and emollients in many lines of commercially available products and industrial practices.Oxiteno’s line of BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) serve many markets, including, Paints & Coatings, Agrochemical, Home & Personal Care, Oil & Gas and Industrial & Institutional Cleaning. Due to the aforementioned variety in properties that are governed by a compound’s structure, Oxiteno’s line of BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) can provide the formulator with many different properties, including excellent detergent properties, high and low-foaming products, as well as, ethoxylates that are rapid surface-wetting agents.BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (AE) are a major class of non-ionic surfactants which are widely used in laundry detergents and to a lesser extent in household cleaners, institutional and industrial cleaners, cosmetics, agriculture, and in textile, paper, oil and other process industries. BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are not expected to undergo hydrolysis under normal environmental conditions (pH range 4 to 9). Photolysis in the atmosphere, in water, or when adsorbed to solid surfaces such as soil and sediment surfaces is also not expected to occur, due to the chemical structure of the AE homologues. Hydrolysis has also been discounted for the alcohols (EO=0 homologues) in the SIAR for long chain alcohols.In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R(OC2H4)nOH where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds are called BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates). BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are often converted to related species called ethoxysulfates. BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products. The process is of great industrial significance with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994.Industrial ethoxylation is primarily performed upon fatty alcohols in order to generate fatty BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (FAE's), which are a common form of nonionic surfactant (e.g. octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether). Such alcohols may be obtained by the hydrogenation of fatty acids from seed oils, or by hydroformylation in the Shell higher olefin process. The reaction proceeds by blowing ethylene oxide through the alcohol at 180 °C and under 1-2 bar of pressure, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) serving as a catalyst. The process is highly exothermic (ΔH -92 kJ/mol of ethylene oxide reacted) and requires careful control to avoid a potentially disastrous thermal runaway.BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are not observed to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or skin sensitizers, nor cause reproductive or developmental effects. One byproduct of ethoxylation is 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen. Undiluted AEs can cause dermal or eye irritation. In aqueous solution, the level of irritation is dependent on the concentration. AEs are considered to have low to moderate toxicity for acute oral exposure, low acute dermal toxicity, and have mild irritation potential for skin and eyes at concentrations found in consumer products.BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, (1) the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and (2) the hydrophilic, polyoxyethylene chain.Due the basic structure of these compounds that pair a hydrophobic portion (water-hating) with a hydrophilic component (water-loving), ethoxylated alcohols are a versatile class of compounds, commonly referred to as surfactants. Alcohol ethoxylate surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (i.e. oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. By lowering this energy, many novel solution applications can be accessed by increasing the homogeneity of these two previously immiscible phases.BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are used in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Because these compounds are surfactants, they can be used whenever oily substances come into contact with water or a surface. Ethoxylated alcohols can be used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, degreasers and emollients in many lines of commercially available products and industrial practices.
BEROL 199
BEROL 199 Berol 199 Castor Oil 32 EO 61791-12-6 Berol 199 is a non-ionic surfactant of the castor oil ethylene oxide adduct type. Ethoxylated castor oils are excellent emulsifiers for a wide variety of materials including oils, fats, waxes, polyesters and acrylics. They are used as softeners, rewetting agents, pigment dispsersants and dye assistants (e.g. levelling agents) in the paint, textile and leather industry. Ethoxylated castor oils can also be used as lubricant additives and emulsifiers in lubricants for plastics, metals and textiles. Appearance, 20'C: clear to opaque liquid Clear point: 20'C Density, 20'C: 1050 kg/m³ Flash point: >100'C Pour point: 17'C Viscosity, 20'C: 700 mPa.s BEROL 199 Cloud point 58-64 (1% in water) °C BEROL 199 Color ≤ 100 Hazen BEROL 199 pH 5-7 (1% in water) BEROL 199 Water content 9-11 % BEROL 199 Active content 90 % BEROL 199 Appearance Clear to turbid liquid at 20°C BEROL 199 Clear point 10 °C BEROL 199 Density 1000 kg/m³ at 20°C BEROL 199 Flash point ≥100°C BEROL 199 Foam Height according to Ross-Miles, 50°C, 0.05% immediately: 100mm; after 5 min: 65mm BEROL 199 HLB 12.5 BEROL 199 Pour point 6 °C BEROL 199 Surface Tension according to Du Noüy, 25°C, 0.1% DIN 53914 29 mN/m BEROL 199 Viscosity 130 mPa s at 20°C BEROL 199 Wetting power according to Draves, 25°C, 0.1% 15 sec BEROL 199 Solubility: 2-propanol Soluble BEROL 199 Solubility: Ethanol Soluble BEROL 199 Solubility: Low aromatic solvent Dispersible BEROL 199 Solubility: Propylene glycol Soluble BEROL 199 Solubility: Water Soluble BEROL 199 Solubility: White spirit Soluble BEROL 199 Solubility: Xylene Dispersible / insoluble BEROL 199 Water soluble BEROL 199 White spirit soluble BEROL 199 Xylene dispersible/insoluble BEROL 199 Ethanol soluble BEROL 199 Low aromatic solvent dispersible BEROL 199 Propylene glycol soluble BEROL 199 2-propanol soluble BEROL 199-> C12-C16 alcohol ethoxylate.BEROL 199 is a non-ionic surfactant based on a natural based primary alcohol. It has a hydrophilic (water soluble) character.BEROL 199 by Nouryon is a non-ionic surfactant based on a primary alcohol (derived from natural sources). It acts as a dispersing agent, emulsifier and wetting agent. Exhibits hydrophilic (water soluble) character. BEROL 199 is suitable for paints and coatings.BEROL 199 should always be homogenised before use unless the entire quantity is used. BEROL 199 can be used as wetting agent and emulsifier in cleaning products.BEROL 199 is suitable in cleaning products such as liquid detergents and all purpose cleaners. BEROL 199 should always be homogenised before use unless the entire quantity is used.A colorless liquid with a mild odor. Mp: 5°C; bp < 150°C; density: 0.9 g cm-3. Completely miscible with water. A major threat to the environment in case of a spill. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread. Can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate ground water and nearby streams. Very toxic to aquatic organisms. Irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure to the skin can cause reddening and scaling. Used in the making of surfactants.Alcohols, C12-16, ethoxylated is stable up to 50° C. Oxidizes on exposure to the air to form peroxides and peracids. Combustible but not flammable (flash point > 179°C). Auto-ignition temperature: 230°C. May react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases. Incompatible with copper and copper alloys and aluminum. A mixture of polyether alcohols of formula R-O-(CH2CH2-O-)n-H where R is a C-12 through C-16 alkyl group and n equals 1 through 6. Synthesized by treating a mixture of C-12 to C-16 alcohols with ethylene oxide.Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot.Ethoxylated alcohols, e.g. BEROL 199, have a solubilization effect which helps to avoid the viscoelastic region where the formulation does not flow and has no practical use.Environmental monitoring indicates that the distribution of BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (AE) homologues in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents differs from the distribution in commercial AE products, with a relative higher proportion of fatty alcohol (AOH, which is AE with zero ethoxylation). To determine the contribution of AE-derived AOH to the total concentration of AE and AOH in WWTP effluents, we conducted a laboratory continuous activated-sludge study (CAS). This consisted of a test unit fed with AE-amended synthetic sewage and a control unit fed with only synthetic sewage to avoid AE contamination from the feed. The removal efficiencies of some 114 AE homologues were determined by the application of a specific and sensitive analytical method. The extent of the removal of AE ranged from 99.70% for C18 compounds to > 99.98% for C12-16. Relatively high-AOH concentrations were observed in the effluents from blank and test units. By building the concentration difference from the test minus the control unit, the AE in the CAS effluent originating from AE in the influent was determined. Thus, it could be shown that AOH represented only 19% of the total AE (EO0-18) in the CAS, while monitoring in 29 WWTP effluents (European, Canadian, and US) revealed in total a mean AOH fraction of 55% (5-82%) of the total AE (EO0-18). This shows that only a small fraction of AOH in WWTP effluents originates from AE entering the WWTP.Wilfaret BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are non-ionic surfactants. They generally take the form of a thick liquid. They are mainly used in cleaning agents, detergents, home care and emulsifier production. Chemicals such as BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates), SLES and SLS can also be manufactured from methyl esters. Depending on the grade / type of fatty alcohols.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, (1) the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and (2) the hydrophilic, polyoxyethylene chain.Due the basic structure of these compounds that pair a hydrophobic portion (water-hating) with a hydrophilic component (water-loving), ethoxylated alcohols are a versatile class of compounds, commonly referred to as surfactants. BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (i.e. oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. By lowering this energy, many novel solution applications can be accessed by increasing the homogeneity of these two previously immiscible phases.Ethoxylated alcohols can vary widely in their properties and applications because the materials used to make these products can vary in their structures and amounts. For instance, fatty alcohols, which are commonly sourced from natural materials, can provide different structures depending on the plant from which they were extracted. Common natural sources of fatty alcohols include the palm oil tree (including both palm oil and palm kernel oil), oils from the coconut tree, and the oil from rapeseed. Each of these natural sources differs in its distribution of carbon chains, making an BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) from coconut oil alcohol different from an ethoxylated alcohol made from the alcohol of a palm kernel oil.Oxiteno offers a wide array of ethoxylated alcohols that have been sourced from natural materials (BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates)), each of which provide a unique set of application properties. Additionally, fatty alcohols can also be synthesized from petroleum products, providing unique structures in the hydrophobic moiety that are not commonly observed in nature. Branched alcohols and alcohols of specific carbon distributions can be attained using synthetic starting materials, all of which strongly affect the BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates)’s final properties. If you’re seeking surfactant companies, please visit the Oxiteno website to see our large portfolio of ethoxylated alcohols from synthetic sources.Alternatively, the length of the polyoxyethylene component (i.e. the hydrophilic portion) of the BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) provides this class of compounds with a wide assortment of water solubilities and detergency properties. Increasing the amount of ethylene oxide on the ethoxylated alcohol typically increases its water solubility, as well as increases the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) of the compound. Ranging in arbitrary units of 1-20, the HLB of a nonionic surfactant can be calculated and used to determine the propensity of a compound to work effectively in a given solution of oil and water. Lower HLB values (< 10) are commonly used for oil-rich solutions while surfactants with higher HLB values (> 10) are typically most efficient in oil-in-water emulsions. Each of Oxiteno’s line of ethoxylated alcohol products can vary widely in their HLB values, offering numerous options for the formulation chemist and scientist.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are used in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Because these compounds are surfactants, they can be used whenever oily substances come into contact with water or a surface. Ethoxylated alcohols can be used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, degreasers and emollients in many lines of commercially available products and industrial practices.Oxiteno’s line of BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) serve many markets, including, Paints & Coatings, Agrochemical, Home & Personal Care, Oil & Gas and Industrial & Institutional Cleaning. Due to the aforementioned variety in properties that are governed by a compound’s structure, Oxiteno’s line of BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) can provide the formulator with many different properties, including excellent detergent properties, high and low-foaming products, as well as, ethoxylates that are rapid surface-wetting agents.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (AE) are a major class of non-ionic surfactants which are widely used in laundry detergents and to a lesser extent in household cleaners, institutional and industrial cleaners, cosmetics, agriculture, and in textile, paper, oil and other process industries. BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are not expected to undergo hydrolysis under normal environmental conditions (pH range 4 to 9). Photolysis in the atmosphere, in water, or when adsorbed to solid surfaces such as soil and sediment surfaces is also not expected to occur, due to the chemical structure of the AE homologues. Hydrolysis has also been discounted for the alcohols (EO=0 homologues) in the SIAR for long chain alcohols.In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R(OC2H4)nOH where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds are called BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates). BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are often converted to related species called ethoxysulfates. BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products.[1] The process is of great industrial significance with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994.Industrial ethoxylation is primarily performed upon fatty alcohols in order to generate fatty BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (FAE's), which are a common form of nonionic surfactant (e.g. octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether). Such alcohols may be obtained by the hydrogenation of fatty acids from seed oils,[5] or by hydroformylation in the Shell higher olefin process.[6] The reaction proceeds by blowing ethylene oxide through the alcohol at 180 °C and under 1-2 bar of pressure, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) serving as a catalyst.[7] The process is highly exothermic (ΔH -92 kJ/mol of ethylene oxide reacted) and requires careful control to avoid a potentially disastrous thermal runaway.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are not observed to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or skin sensitizers, nor cause reproductive or developmental effects.[18] One byproduct of ethoxylation is 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen.[19] Undiluted AEs can cause dermal or eye irritation. In aqueous solution, the level of irritation is dependent on the concentration. AEs are considered to have low to moderate toxicity for acute oral exposure, low acute dermal toxicity, and have mild irritation potential for skin and eyes at concentrations found in consumer products.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, (1) the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and (2) the hydrophilic, polyoxyethylene chain.Due the basic structure of these compounds that pair a hydrophobic portion (water-hating) with a hydrophilic component (water-loving), ethoxylated alcohols are a versatile class of compounds, commonly referred to as surfactants. Alcohol ethoxylate surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (i.e. oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. By lowering this energy, many novel solution applications can be accessed by increasing the homogeneity of these two previously immiscible phases.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are used in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Because these compounds are surfactants, they can be used whenever oily substances come into contact with water or a surface. Ethoxylated alcohols can be used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, degreasers and emollients in many lines of commercially available products and industrial practices. BEROL 199-> C12-C16 alcohol ethoxylate.BEROL 199 is a non-ionic surfactant based on a natural based primary alcohol. It has a hydrophilic (water soluble) character.BEROL 199 by Nouryon is a non-ionic surfactant based on a primary alcohol (derived from natural sources). It acts as a dispersing agent, emulsifier and wetting agent. Exhibits hydrophilic (water soluble) character. BEROL 199 is suitable for paints and coatings.BEROL 199 should always be homogenised before use unless the entire quantity is used. BEROL 199 can be used as wetting agent and emulsifier in cleaning products.BEROL 199 is suitable in cleaning products such as liquid detergents and all purpose cleaners. BEROL 199 should always be homogenised before use unless the entire quantity is used.A colorless liquid with a mild odor. Mp: 5°C; bp < 150°C; density: 0.9 g cm-3. Completely miscible with water. A major threat to the environment in case of a spill. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread. Can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate ground water and nearby streams. Very toxic to aquatic organisms. Irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure to the skin can cause reddening and scaling. Used in the making of surfactants.Alcohols, C12-16, ethoxylated is stable up to 50° C. Oxidizes on exposure to the air to form peroxides and peracids. Combustible but not flammable (flash point > 179°C). Auto-ignition temperature: 230°C. May react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases. Incompatible with copper and copper alloys and aluminum. A mixture of polyether alcohols of formula R-O-(CH2CH2-O-)n-H where R is a C-12 through C-16 alkyl group and n equals 1 through 6. Synthesized by treating a mixture of C-12 to C-16 alcohols with ethylene oxide.Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot.Ethoxylated alcohols, e.g. BEROL 199, have a solubilization effect which helps to avoid the viscoelastic region where the formulation does not flow and has no practical use.Environmental monitoring indicates that the distribution of BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (AE) homologues in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents differs from the distribution in commercial AE products, with a relative higher proportion of fatty alcohol (AOH, which is AE with zero ethoxylation). To determine the contribution of AE-derived AOH to the total concentration of AE and AOH in WWTP effluents, we conducted a laboratory continuous activated-sludge study (CAS). This consisted of a test unit fed with AE-amended synthetic sewage and a control unit fed with only synthetic sewage to avoid AE contamination from the feed. The removal efficiencies of some 114 AE homologues were determined by the application of a specific and sensitive analytical method. The extent of the removal of AE ranged from 99.70% for C18 compounds to > 99.98% for C12-16. Relatively high-AOH concentrations were observed in the effluents from blank and test units. By building the concentration difference from the test minus the control unit, the AE in the CAS effluent originating from AE in the influent was determined. Thus, it could be shown that AOH represented only 19% of the total AE (EO0-18) in the CAS, while monitoring in 29 WWTP effluents (European, Canadian, and US) revealed in total a mean AOH fraction of 55% (5-82%) of the total AE (EO0-18). This shows that only a small fraction of AOH in WWTP effluents originates from AE entering the WWTP.Wilfaret BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are non-ionic surfactants. They generally take the form of a thick liquid. They are mainly used in cleaning agents, detergents, home care and emulsifier production. Chemicals such as BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates), SLES and SLS can also be manufactured from methyl esters. Depending on the grade / type of fatty alcohols.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, (1) the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and (2) the hydrophilic, polyoxyethylene chain.Due the basic structure of these compounds that pair a hydrophobic portion (water-hating) with a hydrophilic component (water-loving), ethoxylated alcohols are a versatile class of compounds, commonly referred to as surfactants. BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (i.e. oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. By lowering this energy, many novel solution applications can be accessed by increasing the homogeneity of these two previously immiscible phases.Ethoxylated alcohols can vary widely in their properties and applications because the materials used to make these products can vary in their structures and amounts. For instance, fatty alcohols, which are commonly sourced from natural materials, can provide different structures depending on the plant from which they were extracted. Common natural sources of fatty alcohols include the palm oil tree (including both palm oil and palm kernel oil), oils from the coconut tree, and the oil from rapeseed. Each of these natural sources differs in its distribution of carbon chains, making an BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) from coconut oil alcohol different from an ethoxylated alcohol made from the alcohol of a palm kernel oil.Oxiteno offers a wide array of ethoxylated alcohols that have been sourced from natural materials (BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates)), each of which provide a unique set of application properties. Additionally, fatty alcohols can also be synthesized from petroleum products, providing unique structures in the hydrophobic moiety that are not commonly observed in nature. Branched alcohols and alcohols of specific carbon distributions can be attained using synthetic starting materials, all of which strongly affect the BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates)’s final properties. If you’re seeking surfactant companies, please visit the Oxiteno website to see our large portfolio of ethoxylated alcohols from synthetic sources.Alternatively, the length of the polyoxyethylene component (i.e. the hydrophilic portion) of the BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) provides this class of compounds with a wide assortment of water solubilities and detergency properties. Increasing the amount of ethylene oxide on the ethoxylated alcohol typically increases its water solubility, as well as increases the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) of the compound. Ranging in arbitrary units of 1-20, the HLB of a nonionic surfactant can be calculated and used to determine the propensity of a compound to work effectively in a given solution of oil and water. Lower HLB values (< 10) are commonly used for oil-rich solutions while surfactants with higher HLB values (> 10) are typically most efficient in oil-in-water emulsions. Each of Oxiteno’s line of ethoxylated alcohol products can vary widely in their HLB values, offering numerous options for the formulation chemist and scientist.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are used in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Because these compounds are surfactants, they can be used whenever oily substances come into contact with water or a surface. Ethoxylated alcohols can be used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, degreasers and emollients in many lines of commercially available products and industrial practices.Oxiteno’s line of BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) serve many markets, including, Paints & Coatings, Agrochemical, Home & Personal Care, Oil & Gas and Industrial & Institutional Cleaning. Due to the aforementioned variety in properties that are governed by a compound’s structure, Oxiteno’s line of BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) can provide the formulator with many different properties, including excellent detergent properties, high and low-foaming products, as well as, ethoxylates that are rapid surface-wetting agents.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (AE) are a major class of non-ionic surfactants which are widely used in laundry detergents and to a lesser extent in household cleaners, institutional and industrial cleaners, cosmetics, agriculture, and in textile, paper, oil and other process industries. BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are not expected to undergo hydrolysis under normal environmental conditions (pH range 4 to 9). Photolysis in the atmosphere, in water, or when adsorbed to solid surfaces such as soil and sediment surfaces is also not expected to occur, due to the chemical structure of the AE homologues. Hydrolysis has also been discounted for the alcohols (EO=0 homologues) in the SIAR for long chain alcohols.In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R(OC2H4)nOH where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds are called BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates). BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are often converted to related species called ethoxysulfates. BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products.[1] The process is of great industrial significance with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994.Industrial ethoxylation is primarily performed upon fatty alcohols in order to generate fatty BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (FAE's), which are a common form of nonionic surfactant (e.g. octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether). Such alcohols may be obtained by the hydrogenation of fatty acids from seed oils,[5] or by hydroformylation in the Shell higher olefin process.[6] The reaction proceeds by blowing ethylene oxide through the alcohol at 180 °C and under 1-2 bar of pressure, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) serving as a catalyst.[7] The process is highly exothermic (ΔH -92 kJ/mol of ethylene oxide reacted) and requires careful control to avoid a potentially disastrous thermal runaway.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are not observed to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or skin sensitizers, nor cause reproductive or developmental effects.[18] One byproduct of ethoxylation is 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen.[19] Undiluted AEs can cause dermal or eye irritation. In aqueous solution, the level of irritation is dependent on the concentration. AEs are considered to have low to moderate toxicity for acute oral exposure, low acute dermal toxicity, and have mild irritation potential for skin and eyes at concentrations found in consumer products.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, (1) the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and (2) the hydrophilic, polyoxyethylene chain.Due the basic structure of these compounds that pair a hydrophobic portion (water-hating) with a hydrophilic component (water-loving), ethoxylated alcohols are a versatile class of compounds, commonly referred to as surfactants. Alcohol ethoxylate surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (i.e. oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. By lowering this energy, many novel solution applications can be accessed by increasing the homogeneity of these two previously immiscible phases.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are used in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Because these compounds are surfactants, they can be used whenever oily substances come into contact with water or a surface. Ethoxylated alcohols can be used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, degreasers and emollients in many lines of commercially available products and industrial practices.
BEROL 226
DESCRIPTION:
Berol 226 is all purpose cleaner and degreaser.
Berol 226 is ready to formulate with builders and water.
Berol 226 has High efficiency.

CAS No: 68439-46-3

Berol 226 is an optimized surfactant blend intended for use in water based alkaline and acid cleaners.
Berol 226 functions as a degreaser and dispersing agent in household hard surface cleaners.
Berol 226 is an optimized blend of alcohol ethoxylate and cationic surfactants, intended to be used for water based degreasing.

Due to the efficient cleaning effect on organic soils, such as grease and oil, a cleaner based on Berol 226 can often replace a solvent.
The cleaning effect will often be much better than with conventional products, particularly when an oily soil contains a lot of soot and pigments.
A water based alkaline cleaner based on Berol 226 and appropriate complexing agent can be viewed as a great improvement compared with conventional alkaline cleaners.

Berol 226 also has a degreasing effect in acid conditions.
A cleaner based on Berol 226 can be used in most application equipment including high pressure.
Berol 226 can be the cost effective way to achieve cleaner surfaces.



APPLICATIONS OF BEROL 226:
Berol 226 is used in Vehicle cleaning
Berol 226 is used in Engine cleaning

Berol 226 is used in Engineering cleaning
Berol 226 is used in All-purpose cleaning
Berol 226 is used in Acid cleaning

MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE OF BEROL 226:
Berol 226 is designed to be used as the only surfactant in the formulation, together with complexing agent and other salts.
The degreasing effect will be reduced dramatically if an anionic surfactant is added.
It is often possible to replace several other components when using Berol 226, giving saving in raw material handling and inventory levels.

Thanks to this Berol 226 gives a lower total production cost.
1. Start with the water
2. Dissolve the salts
3. Add Berol 226
4. Mix Check the temperature clarity interval.

USES OF BEROL 226:
Berol 226 is simple to use:
- One surfactant
- Easy to handle (Liquid)
- Easy to dissolve

A cleaning product will not be more efficient just because it has a complicated formula with many ingredients.
Berol 226 is already optimized.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BEROL 226:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



SPECIFICATIONS OF BEROL 226:
Color 0-7 Gardner
pH 6-8
Water content ≤ 1 %
Characteristics
Appearance Liquid at 25°C
Clear point 7 °C
Flash point ≥100 C
Initial boiling point 100 (760 mm Hg) °C
Melting point -10 °C
Pour point -10 °C
Solubility 5 or more ethanol, propylene glycol, water
Specific Gravity 1.01(20)
Surface Tension, % solution 26.8 (0.1) dynes/cm (% solution)
Viscosity 80 cp C



BEROLAN LP W1
SYNONYMS Beryllium dichloride; 13466-27-8 (beryllium chloride tetrahydrate);SynonymsBeCl2;NA 1566;berillium chloride;BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE;Beryllium dichloride;berylliumchloride(becl2);Beryllium chloride, beta;BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE, SUBL.;Beryllium chloride (BeCl2);BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE ANHYDROUS cas no: 7787-47-5
Beryllium Chloride
Beryllium dichloride; (beryllium chloride tetrahydrate); NA 1566 CAS NO:7787-47-5
Beryllium Oxide
Berylla; Glucina; Beryllia; Thermalox; bromellete; BroMellite; BERYLLIUM OXIDE; naturalbromellite; Beryllium monoxide CAS NO:1304-56-9
Beta Carotene (Vitamin A)
C.I. 37500; C.I. Azoic coupling component 1; C.I. Developer 5; betanaphthol; 2-naftol; 2-naftolo; 2-naphtol; antioxygene bn; azogen developer a; azogendevelopera; azoiccouplingcomponent1; beta-monoxynaphthalene; 2-hydroxynaphthalene; beta naphthol; beta-naphthol; b-naphtol; naphthalen-2-ol CAS NO:135-19-3
Beta Naphthol
BETAINE SALICYLATE, Nom INCI : BETAINE SALICYLATE, Classification : Ammonium quaternaire, Tensioactif amphotère. Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Kératolytique : Décolle et élimine les cellules mortes de la couche cornée de l'apiderme
BETAIN 45
Betain 45 CHARACTERISTICS of Betain 45: 1. Betain 45 is perfectly compatible with anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants, it can still be used as cloudy point inhibitor. 2. Betain 45 can produce rich and fine foams. Formulated with adequate proportion of anionic surfactant, it has significant thickening effect. 3. Betain 45 has excellent to tolerance to skin, effectively reduce the irritation caused by fatty alcohol sulfate or fatty alcohol ether sulfate in the products. 4. Betain 45 has antibiotic function, being a good additive in personal sanitary products. 5. Betain 45 has excellent antistatic function, being an ideal conditioning agent. Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is obtained from coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine. Betain 45 is a viscous pale yellow solution and is used as a surfactant in personal care products. COCAMIDOPROPYL Betain 45 is classified as : Antistatic Cleansing Foam boosting Hair conditioning Surfactant Viscosity controlling Cocamidopropyl Betaine. Betain 45 is an amphoteric surfactant. Betain 45 offers benefits such as synergistic effects with dermatological improvement, when in combination with anionic surfactants. DEHYTON® PK 45 is used in liquid soaps, personal care wipes, shampoos, shower/bath formulas, facial cleansing and baby care products. The shelf life of the ingredient is one year. Uses of Betain 45 Betain 45 is an amphoteric surfactant broadly used as raw material of personal care and household products. This material carries high foaming, surface active characteristics, and is a good viscosity builder. Betain 45 shows low irritation to skin and eye. Betain 45 is compatible with other surfactants. Betain 45 (CAPB) is a mixture of closely related organic compounds derived from coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine. Betain 45 is available as a viscous pale yellow solution and it is used as a surfactant in personal care products. The name reflects that the major part of the molecule, the lauric acid group, is derived from coconut oil. Betain 45 to a significant degree has replaced cocamide DEA. Production of Betain 45 Despite the name Betain 45, the molecule is not synthesized from betaine. Instead it is produced in a two step manner, beginning with the reaction of dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) with fatty acids from coconut or palm kernel oil (lauric acid, or its methyl ester, is the main constituent). The primary amine in DMAPA is more reactive than the tertiary amine, leading to its selective addition to form an amide. In the second step chloroacetic acid reacts with the remaining tertiary amine to form a quaternary ammonium center (a quaternization reaction). Chemistry of Betain 45 Betain 45 is a fatty acid amide containing a long hydrocarbon chain at one end and a polar group at the other. This allows Betain 45 to act as a surfactant and as a detergent. Betain 45 is a zwitterion, consisting of both a quaternary ammonium cation and a carboxylate. Specifications and properties of Betain 45 Betain 45 is used as a foam booster in shampoos. Betain 45 is a medium-strength surfactant also used in bath products like hand soaps. Betain 45 is also used in cosmetics as an emulsifying agent and thickener, and to reduce irritation purely ionic surfactants would cause. It also serves as an antistatic agent in hair conditioners, which most often does not irritate skin or mucous membranes. However, some studies indicate it is an allergen. Betain 45 is obtained as an aqueous solution in concentrations of about 30%. Typical impurities of leading manufacturers today: Sodium monochloroacetate < 5 ppm Amidoamine (AA) < 0.3% Dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) < 15 ppm Glycerol < 3% The impurities AA and DMAPA are most critical, as they have been shown to be responsible for skin sensitization reactions. These by-products can be avoided by a moderate excess chloroacetate and the exact adjustment of pH value during betainization reaction accompanied by regular analytical control. Niche Uses Betain 45 is also used as a co-surfactant with Sodium dodecyl sulfate for promoting the formation of gas hydrates. Betain 45, as an additive, helps to scale-up the gas hydrates' formation process. Safety Betain 45 has been claimed to cause allergic reactions in some users, but a controlled pilot study has found that these cases may represent irritant reactions rather than true allergic reactions. Furthermore, results of human studies have shown that Betain 45 has a low sensitizing potential if impurities with amidoamine (AA) and dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) are low and tightly controlled. Other studies have concluded that most apparent allergic reactions to Betain 45 are more likely due to amidoamine. Betain 45 was voted 2004 Allergen of the Year by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. Betain 45 is a chemical compound found in many personal care and household cleaning products. Betain 45 is a surfactant, which means that it interacts with water, making the molecules slippery so they don’t stick together. When water molecules don’t stick together, they are more likely to bond with dirt and oil so when you rinse away the cleaning product, the dirt rinses away, too. In some products, Betain 45 is the ingredient that makes lather. Betain 45 is a synthetic fatty acid made from coconuts, so products that are considered “natural” can contain this chemical. Still, some products with this ingredient may cause unpleasant side effects. Side effects of Betain 45 Betain 45 allergic reaction Some people have an allergic reaction when they use products containing Betain 45. In 2004, the American Contact Dermatitis Society declared Betain 45 the “Allergen of the Year.” Since then, a 2012 scientific review of studies found that it’s not the Betain 45 itself that causes an allergic reaction, but two impurities that are produced in the manufacturing process. The two irritants are aminoamide (AA) and 3-dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA). In multiple studies, when people were exposed to Betain 45 that did not contain these two impurities, they did not have an allergic reaction. Higher grades of Betain 45 that have been purified don’t contain AA and DMAPA and don’t cause allergic sensitivities. Skin discomfort If your skin is sensitive to products that contain Betain 45, you may notice tightness, redness, or itchiness after you use the product. This kind of reaction is known as contact dermatitis. If the dermatitis is severe, you may have blisters or sores where the product came into contact with your skin. Most of the time, an allergic skin reaction like this will heal on its own, or when you stop using the irritating product or use an over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream. If the rash doesn’t get better in a few days, or if it is located near your eyes or mouth, see a doctor. Eye irritation Betain 45 is in several products intended for use in your eyes, like contact solutions, or it’s in products that may run into your eyes as you shower. If you are sensitive to the impurities in Betain 45, your eyes or eyelids could experience: pain redness itchiness swelling If rinsing the product away does not take care of the irritation, you may want to see a doctor. Products with Betain 45 Betain 45 can be found in facial, body, and hair products like: shampoos conditioners makeup removers liquid soaps body wash shaving cream contact lens solutions gynecological or anal wipes some toothpastes Betain 45 is also a common ingredient in household spray cleaners and cleaning or disinfecting wipes. How to tell if a product has Betain 45 Betain 45 will be listed on the ingredient label. The Environmental Working Group lists alternative names for Betain 45, including: 1-propanaminium hydroxide inner salt In cleaning products, you may see Betain 45 listed as: CADG cocamidopropyl dimethyl glycine disodium cocoamphodipropionate The National Institute of Health maintains a Household Product Database where you can check to see if a product you use may contain Betain 45. How to avoid Betain 45 Some international consumer organizations like Allergy Certified and EWG Verified offer assurances that products with their seals have been tested by toxicologists and have been found to have safe levels of AA and DMAPA, the two impurities that usually cause allergic reactions in products containing Betain 45. Takeaway Betain 45 is a fatty acid found in lots of personal hygiene and household products because it helps water to bond with dirt, oil, and other debris so they can be rinsed clean. Although it was initially believed that Betain 45 was an allergen, researchers have found that it’s actually two impurities that emerge during the manufacturing process that are causing irritation to eyes and skin. If you are sensitive to Betain 45, you may experience skin discomfort or eye irritation when you use the product. You can avoid this problem by checking labels and national product databases to find out which products contain this chemical. What Is Betain 45 – Is It Safe? Is Betain 45 safe for skin and hair? Discover more about how this ingredient is made and why Puracy promises never use it in our personal products. What Is Betain 45? Betain 45 (CAPB) is a naturally-derived surfactant that is sourced from coconut oil. Slightly yellow in appearance, this sticky liquid has a slightly “fatty” odor. To produce Betain 45, raw coconut oil is combined with a colorless liquid called dimethylaminopropylamine to create what’s known as a “surfactant.” Surfactants are used in various personal care and cleaning products to break the surface tension of water, attach to dirt, and rinse away. Where Is Betain 45 Found? You’ll find Betain 45 in shampoo, soaps, toothpaste, shaving cream, makeup removers, body washes, and various detergents and cleaners. This substance is used to: Create rich, thick lather in foaming products Soften hair and reduce static in conditioners Thicken countless personal care products and cleaners. how is cocamidopropyl made Betain 45 vs. Coco Betaine The names coco betaine and Betain 45 are often used interchangeably but they aren't exactly the same. Coco betaine is a natural surfactant used in all of the products mentioned above. The “coco” refers to coconut oil. Betaine is a naturally-derived ingredient used to thicken and improve the texture of certain products. It also helps to hydrate skin and smooth hair. Betain 45 has a slightly-different chemical. Like all surfactants, both substances are created through a synthetic process (but used in similar applications to achieve the same results). Is Betain 45 Good for Skin? That depends on how Betain 45 is produced and used. While it’s found in a wide variety of beauty and personal care products (including shampoos, conditioners, shaving cream, makeup removers, and liquid soaps), potential allergic reactions exist for some people. Although Betain 45 (CAPB) is a naturally derived coconut-based cleanser, some people experience dermatological reactions after using products containing the substance. Back in 2004, the American Contact Dermatitis Society even named Betain 45 its “Allergen of the Year.” Board-certified dermatologist Dr. Julie Jackson reports that, ”another common allergen associated with Betain 45 is the chemical used in the synthesis of this molecule, 3-(dimethylamino)propylamine, which is often a contaminant.” Cocamidopropyl Allergic Reactions Direct contact with Betain 45 (or its contaminant) can cause contact dermatitis symptoms. These can last anywhere from a few days to one month after discontinuing the use of Betain 45-containing products. Betain 45 Symptoms may include: Itching Redness Tightness Blisters and sores Eye irritation may be another issue with facial cleansers and makeup removers. Some sufferers complain of eye pain, redness, itching, and irritation. These symptoms generally go away when the product is rinsed off. The best way to prevent allergic reactions is to avoid using these products directly on your skin. If you suspect a reaction, see a board-certified dermatologist who can perform patch allergy testing. High-Quality Betain 45 Found Safe A University of Miami School of Medicine study determined that it’s not the Betain 45 in skincare products that causes contact dermatitis. Instead, it is two specific impurities that develop during the manufacturing process: aminoamide (AA) and 3-dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA). Higher-quality grades of Betain 45 without these irritants rarely cause allergic skin reactions. Is Betain 45 natural Puracy’s Stance on Betain 45 Thanks to its price point and effective cleaning capabilities, Betain 45 is becoming more popular than sulfates (e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate). But we don’t believe the health and safety of our customers is worth that risk. That’s why all of our natural body washes, bubble baths, and body products are free of sulfates, Betain 45, parabens, and other ingredients that have no business being near your skin. Puracy laundry detergent The one exception in our product lineup is our Natural Laundry Detergent. We use high-quality Betain 45 since it’s great at targeting tough stains yet but is fully rinsed away during a single laundry cycle. That means serious cleaning benefits – without the risk of irritation. Cocamidopropyl betaine (Betain 45) and coconut diethanolamide (CDEA), which are manufactured from coconut oil, are widely used as chemical substances with surfactant property in shampoo, liquid soap and skin cleaners. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) may occur against these substances, especially cocamidopropyl betaine. ACD developing against these two substances is rarely seen in the literature. Here we reported a case of ACD caused by Betain 45 and CDEA which admitted with complaints of redness,peeling and cracking of hands. A Betain 45 (/ˈbiːtə.iːn, bɪˈteɪ-, -ɪn/) in chemistry is any neutral chemical compound with a positively charged cationic functional group such as a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cation (generally: onium ions) that bears no hydrogen atom and with a negatively charged functional group such as a carboxylate group that may not be adjacent to the cationic site. A Betain 45 is a specific type of zwitterion. Historically, the term was reserved for TMG (trimethylglycine) only. Biologically, TMG is involved in methylation reactions and detoxification of homocysteine. The pronunciation of the compound reflects its origin and first isolation from sugar beets (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris), and does not derive from the Greek letter beta (β), however, it often is pronounced beta-INE or BEE-tayn. In biological systems, many naturally occurring Betain 45s serve as organic osmolytes. These are substances synthesized or taken up from the environment by cells for protection against osmotic stress, drought, high salinity, or high temperature. Intracellular accumulation of Betain 45s permits water retention in cells, thus protecting from the effects of dehydration. This accumulation is non-perturbing to enzyme function, protein structure, and membrane integrity. Betain 45 is also a methyl donor of increasingly recognised significance in biology. Betain 45 is a modified amino acid consisting of glycine with three methyl groups that serves as a methyl donor in several metabolic pathways and is used to treat the rare genetic causes of homocystinuria. Betain 45 has had only limited clinical use, but has not been linked to instances of serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to clinically apparent liver injury. Betain 45 is indicated in the treatment of homocystinuria involving deficiencies of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) or 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), or a defect in cobalamin cofactor metabolism ( cbl) . Most patients with homocystinuria have some degree of neurological impairment; some patients may have other clinical manifestations such as atherosclerosis, lens dislocation, skeletal abnormalities, and thromboembolism . Betain 45 may delay or prevent disease progression, but does not reverse existing neurological damage . MEDICATION (VET): Dietary Betain 45 may reduce carcass fat in growing pigs. We explored the effects of Betain 45 on short-term growth and in vivo and in vitro fatty acid oxidation. Pigs were housed in metabolism crates and fed diets containing either 0% (control), 0.125% or 0.5% Betain 45 at 80% of ad libitum energy intake. Fatty acid oxidation was measured during intravenous infusions of 1-(13)C-palmitate and in hepatocytes incubated in the presence or absence of Betain 45 and carnitine. CO2 and palmitate isotopic enrichments were determined by mass spectrometry. Pigs consuming 0.125% and 0.5% Betain 45 for at least 9 days had growth rates that were 38% and 12% greater than controls, respectively. Feed efficiency was also improved with Betain 45. Fasting increased palmitate oxidation rates 7-8-fold (P < 0.01), but Betain 45 had no effect in either the fed or fasted state (P > 0.1). For hepatocytes, carnitine but not Betain 45 enhanced palmitate oxidation. This response suggests that previously observed reduction in adipose accretion must be via a mechanism other than oxidation. Betain 45 had no effect on plasma non-esterified fatty acids or urea nitrogen. Under the confinement conditions in this study, dietary Betain 45 improved animal growth responses, but it had no apparent effect on either whole body or hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Betain 45-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) is a zinc metalloenzyme which catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from Betain 45 to homocysteine in the formation of methionine. BHMT is found in the liver and kidneys and may also exist in brain tissue. Betain 45 acts to lower homocysteine levels in some with primary hyperhomocysteinemia/homocystinuria via this enzyme. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary Betain 45 over a range of concentrations (between 0 and 0.5%) on growth and body composition in young feed-restricted pigs. Betain 45 is associated with decreased lipid deposition and altered protein utilization in finishing pigs, and it has been suggested that the positive effects of Betain 45 on growth and carcass composition may be greater in energy-restricted pigs. Thirty-two barrows (36 kg, n = 8 pigs per group) were restrictively fed one of four corn-soybean meal-skim milk based diets (18.6% crude protein, 3.23 Mcal ME/kg) and supplemented with 0, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5% Betain 45. Feed allotment was adjusted weekly according to BW, such that average feed intake was approximately 1.7 kg for all groups. At 64 kg, pigs were slaughtered and visceral tissue was removed and weighed. Carcasses were chilled for 24 hr to obtain carcass measurements. Subsequently, one-half of each carcass and whole visceral tissue were ground for chemical analysis. Linear regression analysis indicated that, as Betain 45 content of the diet was elevated from 0 to 0.5%, carcass fat concentration (P = 0.06), P3 fat depth (P = 0.14) and viscera weight (P = 0.129) were decreased, whereas total carcass protein (P = 0.124), protein deposition rate (P = 0.98), and lean gain efficiency (P = 0.115) were increased. The greatest differences over control pigs were observed in pigs consuming 0.5% Betain 45, where carcass fat concentration and P3 fat depth were decreased by 10 and 26%, respectively. Other fat depth measurements were not different (P > 0.15) from those of control pigs. In addition, pigs consuming the highest Betain 45 level had a 19% increase in the carcass protein:fat ratio, 23% higher carcass protein deposition rate, and a 24% increase in lean gain efficiency compared with controls. Dietary Betain 45 had no effects (P > 0.15) on growth performance, visceral tissue chemical composition, carcass fat deposition rate, visceral fat and protein deposition rates, or serum urea and ammonia concentrations. These data suggest that Betain 45 alters nutrient partitioning such that carcass protein deposition is enhanced at the expense of carcass fat and in part, visceral tissue. Betain 45 in high doses (6 g/day and higher) is used as homocysteine-lowering therapy for people with hyperhomocysteinemia due to inborn errors in the homocysteine metabolism. Betain 45 intake from foods is estimated at 0.5 to 2 g/day. Betain 45 can also be synthesized endogenously from its precursor choline. Studies in healthy volunteers with plasma homocysteine concentrations in the normal range show that Betain 45 supplementation lowers plasma fasting homocysteine dose-dependently to up to 20% for a dose of 6 g/day of Betain 45. Moreover, Betain 45 acutely reduces the increase in homocysteine after methionine loading by up to 50%, whereas folic acid has no effect. Betain 45 doses in the range of dietary intake also lower homocysteine. This implies that Betain 45 can be an important food component that attenuates homocysteine rises after meals. If homocysteine plays a causal role in the development of cardiovascular disease, a diet rich in Betain 45 or choline might benefit cardiovascular health through its homocysteine-lowering effects. However Betain 45 and choline may adversely affect serum lipid concentrations, which can of course increase risk of cardiovascular disease. However, whether the potential beneficial health effects of Betain 45 and choline outweigh the possible adverse effects on serum lipids is as yet unclear. In small, open label trials of Betain 45 therapy for homocystinuria as well as in small controlled trials of Betain 45 in other conditions (Alzheimer disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), serum enzyme elevations and clinically apparent liver injury were not reported. Indeed, in some studies, Betain 45 has been associated with significant declines in preexisting serum enzyme elevations in a proportion of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of orally administered Betain 45 and its acute effect on plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations. Healthy volunteers (n = 10; 3 men, 7 women) with normal body weight (mean + or - SD, 69.5 + or - 17.0 kg), 40.8 + or - 12.4 yr old, participated in the study. The Betain 45 doses were 1, 3, and 6 g. The doses were mixed with 150 mL of orange juice and ingested after a 12-hr overnight fast by each volunteer according to a randomized double-blind crossover design. Blood samples were drawn for 24 hr and a 24-hr urine collection was performed. Orally administered Betain 45 had an immediate and dose-dependent effect on serum Betain 45 concentration. Single doses of 3 and 6 g lowered plasma tHcy concentrations (P = 0.019 and P < 0.001, respectively), unlike the 1-g dose. After the highest dose, the concentrations remained low during the 24 hr of monitoring. The change in plasma tHcy concentration was linearly associated with Betain 45 dose (P = 0.006) and serum Betain 45 concentration (R2 = 0.17, P = 0.025). The absorption and elimination of Betain 45 were dose dependent. The urinary excretion of Betain 45 seemed to increase with an increasing Betain 45 dose, although a very small proportion of ingested Betain 45 was excreted via urine. In conclusion, a single dose of orally administered Betain 45 had an acute and dose-dependent effect on serum Betain 45 concentration and resulted in lowered plasma tHcy concentrations within 2 hr in healthy subjects. Betain 45's production and use in soldering, resin curing fluxes, organic synthesis and in the treatment of homocystinuria and as a lipotropic drug may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. In addition, Betain 45 is produced naturally by both plants and animals as a nonproteinogenic amino acid. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 1.4X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Betain 45 will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase Betain 45 will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. Betain 45 does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, Betain 45 is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 3. The estimated pKa of Betain 45, an inner salt, is 2.38. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces or water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because ionic compounds do not volatilize. No information on the aerobic biodegradation of Betain 45 in either water or soil was located; however, the mineralization of alkyl Betain 45 surfactants is considerable (>60% BODT reached in 28-day screening tests) indicating that it is likely that Betain 45 is also readily mineralized. Betain 45 is expected to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions as well based on data indicating that it is removed during anaerobic sewage treatment. If released into water, Betain 45 is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. An estimated BCF of 0.3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to Betain 45 may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Betain 45 is produced or used. As a nonproteinogenic amino acid, Betain 45 is produced by both plants and animals, including humans. In addition, Betain 45 is ubiquitous in the diet of the general public through the ingestion of both plants and meats. Intake of Betain 45 by some individuals may be increased by the additional use of nutritional supplements containing this compound. Betain 45 anhydrous is a chemical that occurs naturally in the body. It can also be found in foods such as beets, spinach, cereals, seafood, and wine. Betain 45 anhydrous is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of high urine levels of a chemical called homocysteine (homocystinuria) in people with certain inherited disorders. High homocysteine levels are associated with heart disease, weak bones (osteoporosis), skeletal problems, and eye lens problems. Betain 45 anhydrous supplements are most commonly used for reducing blood homocysteine levels and trying to improve athletic performance. How does it work ? Betain 45 anhydrous helps in the metabolism of a chemical called homocysteine. Homocysteine is involved in the normal function of many different parts of the body, including blood, bones, eyes, heart, muscles, nerves, and the brain. Betain 45 anhydrous prevents the buildup of homocysteine in the blood. Levels of homocysteine are very high in some people who have problems with its metabolism. Uses & Effectiveness ? Effective for High homocysteine levels in the urine (homocystinuria). Taking Betain 45 anhydrous lowers homocysteine levels in the urine. Betain 45 anhydrous is FDA approved for treating this condition in both children and adults. Possibly Effective for Dry mouth. Using Betain 45 anhydrous in a toothpaste seems to reduce symptoms of dry mouth. Also, using mouthwash containing Betain 45 anhydrous, xylitol, and sodium fluoride seems to improve dry mouth symptoms. High homocysteine levels in the blood (hyperhomocysteinemia). Research shows that taking Betain 45 anhydrous can decrease homocysteine levels in the blood of some people. However, it is not clear if this also decreases the risk of heart disease. Taking Betain 45 along with folic acid doesn't reduce blood homocysteine levels better than taking folic acid alone. Possibly Ineffective for Genetic disorder that causes intellectual disability (Angelman syndrome). Taking Betain 45 anhydrous does not seem to prevent seizures or improve mental function in children with Angelman syndrome. Insufficient Evidence for Noncancerous tumors in the colon and rectum (colorectal adenomas). Early research has found that higher dietary intake of Betain 45 anhydrous is not linked with a reduced risk of colon and rectum tumors. Depression. Early research shows that taking Betain 45 anhydrous along with s-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) improves symptoms of depression in more people than does taking the antidepressantamitriptyline. Exercise performance. Some research suggests that Betain 45 anhydrous can improve certain aspects of exercise performance, including body composition and strength, in men who participate in strength training. However, Betain 45 anhydrous does not seem to improve strength in untrained men or women. Acid reflux. Early research suggests that taking Betain 45 anhydrous, along with melatonin, L-tryptophan, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin B12, and methionine daily can reduce symptoms of acid reflux. Hepatitis C. Early research shows that taking Betain 45 anhydrous (Cystadane) plus S-adenosyl-L-methionine along with hepatitis C medications can reduce the amount of active virus in people with hepatitis C who did not respond to treatment with hepatitis C medications alone. However, this effect does not appear to last long-term in most people. Liver disease not due to alcohol use (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH). Developing research has found that Betain 45 anhydrous might improve liver disease in people with NASH. Sunburn. Early research has found that applying a specific Betain 45 anhydrous-containing cream for one month before exposure to sunlight reduces sunburn. However, applying this cream only 20 minutes before exposure does not have any benefit. Nervous system disorder called Rett syndrome. Early research shows that taking a combination of folate and Betain 45 anhydrous daily for 12 months does not improve growth, development, or function in girls with Rett syndrome. Weight loss. In one small study, adding Betain 45 anhydrous to a low-calorie diet did not produce extra weight loss in obese adults. Other conditions. Betain 45 hydrochloride is a chemical substance made in a laboratory. It is used as medicine. Betain 45 hydrochloride has an interesting history. Betain 45 hydrochloride used to be included in over-the-counter (OTC) products as a “stomach acidifier and digestive aid.” But a federal law that went into effect in 1993 banned Betain 45 hydrochloride from use in OTC products because there wasn’t enough evidence to classify it “generally recognized as safe and effective.” Betain 45 hydrochloride is now available only as a dietary supplement whose purity and strength can vary. Promoters still claim that some health conditions are due to inadequate stomach acid, but this claim has not been proven. Even if it were true, Betain 45 hydrochloride wouldn’t help. It only delivers hydrochloric acid but does not itself alter stomach acidity. Betain 45 hydrochloride is also used to treat abnormally low levels of potassium (hypokalemia), hay fever, “tired blood” (anemia), asthma, “hardening of the arteries” (atherosclerosis), yeast infections, diarrhea, food allergies, gallstones, inner ear infections, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and thyroid disorders. It is also used to protect the liver. Don’t confuse Betain 45 hydrochloride with Betain 45 anhydrous. Use only the FDA-approved Betain 45 anhydrous product for the treatment of high levels of homocysteine in the urine (homocystinuria). This is a symptom of some rare genetic diseases. What is Betain 45? Betain 45 works by preventing the build-up of an amino acid called homocysteine. This amino acid can harm blood vessels and contribute to heart disease, stroke, or circulation problems. Betain 45 is used to reduce homocysteine levels in people with a genetic condition called homocystinuria, in which the amino acid builds up in the body. Betain 45 is not a cure for homocysteinuria. Betain 45 may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Warnings Follow all directions on your medicine label and package. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use. Before taking this medicine To make sure you can safely take Betain 45, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. How should I take Betain 45? Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose. Use the me
BETAINE SALICYLATE
Betain; Laurylamidopropyl Betaine; N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-[(1-oxododecyl)amino]-1-Propanaminium, hydroxide, inner salt; (3-(Lauroylamino)propyl)dimethylaminoacetic acid; 3-Lauroylamidopropyl betaine; (3-Laurylaminopropyl)dimethylaminoacetic acid hydroxide inner salt; cas no: 4292-10-8
Betain
Betain; Laurylamidopropyl Betaine; N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-[(1-oxododecyl)amino]-1-Propanaminium, hydroxide, inner salt; (3-(Lauroylamino)propyl)dimethylaminoacetic acid; 3-Lauroylamidopropyl betaine; (3-Laurylaminopropyl)dimethylaminoacetic acid hydroxide inner salt; cas no: 4292-10-8
BETA-PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, also known as Phenethyl alcohol or 2-phenylethanol, is a colorless liquid with a floral, rose-like scent.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a characteristic rose-like odor and an initially slightly bitter taste, then sweet and reminiscent of peach.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, an aromatic alcohol with rose-like odor, is commonly used as a food flavoring and fragrance ingredient.

CAS Number: 60-12-8
EC Number: 200-456-2
Molecular Formula: C8H10O
Molecular Weight: 122.16

Synonyms: 2-PHENYLETHANOL, 2-phenylethanol, Phenylethyl alcohol, 60-12-8, Benzeneethanol, Phenylethanol, Benzyl carbinol, Phenethanol, 2-Phenylethyl alcohol, 2-PHENYL-ETHANOL, beta-Phenylethanol, 2-2-phenylethanol, Benzylmethanol, 2-Phenylethan-1-Ol, Benzylcarbinol, Methanol, benzyl-, 2-Hydroxyethylbenzene, 1-Phenyl-2-ethanol, Ethanol, 2-phenyl-, FEMA No. 2858, 2-PEA, Benzenethanol, Phenethylalcohol, Phenyl ethyl alcohol, beta-PEA, beta-Phenylethyl alcohol, beta-Hydroxyethylbenzene, Caswell No. 655C, beta-Fenylethanol, FEMA Number 2858, 1321-27-3, beta-Fenethylalkohol, 2-phenylethanol (natural), beta-2-phenylethanol, HSDB 5002, 2-Phenethanol, .beta.-Hydroxyethylbenzene, .beta.-Phenylethyl alcohol, Hydroxyethylbenzene, EINECS 200-456-2, UNII-ML9LGA7468, MFCD00002886, PhenethylAlcohol-d5, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 001503, NSC 406252, NSC-406252, BRN 1905732, .beta.-Phenylethanol, ML9LGA7468, .beta.-PEA, DTXSID9026342, CHEBI:49000, AI3-00744, (2-Hydroxyethyl)benzene, .beta.-2-phenylethanol, Phenylethyl alcohol [USP], .beta.-(hydroxyethyl)benzene, DTXCID206342, EC 200-456-2, 4-06-00-03067 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NSC406252, NCGC00166215-02, Phenylethyl alcohol (USP), Ethanol, phenyl-, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (II), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [II], 2-phenylethanol (MART.), 2-phenylethanol [MART.], Phenyl Ethanol(Natural), 2 Phenylethanol, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS], beta-Fenylethanol [Czech], 2-phenyl ethanol, Carbinol, Benzyl, beta Phenylethanol, CAS-60-12-8, Alcohol, Phenethyl, beta-Fenethylalkohol [Czech], PEL, SMR000059156, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (USP MONOGRAPH), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [USP MONOGRAPH], Alcohol, Phenylethyl, benzene-ethanol, Mellol, phenyl-ethanol, Benzyl-Methanol, 2-PhenyIethanol, phenylethyl-alcohol, .beta.-Phenethanol, HY1, .beta.-Fenylethanol, b-Hydroxyethylbenzene, Benzyl ethyl alcohol, 2-phenyl-1-ethanol, Benzeneethanol, 9CI, 2-phenylethane-1-ol, betaphenylethyl alcohol, .beta.-Fenethylalkohol, 2-Phenylethanol, USP, METHANOL, BENZYL, A-PEA, beta -hydroxyethylbenzene, 2-Phenylethanol, 99%, .beta.-P.E.A., (BETA-PEA), Phenylethyl alcohol, USAN, bmse000659, Phenylethyl, beta- alcohol, 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)benzene, SCHEMBL1838, WLN: Q2R, MLS001066349, MLS001336026, FEMA NUMBER 2858., 2-phenylethanol [MI], 2-phenylethanol, 8CI, BAN, CHEMBL448500, beta-(HYDROXYETHYL)BENZENE, 2-phenylethanol [FCC], PHENYLETHYL, B- ALCOHOL, 2-phenylethanol [INCI], BDBM85807, FEMA 2858, HMS2093H05, HMS2233H06, HMS3374P04, Pharmakon1600-01505398, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [FHFI], PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [HSDB], 2-phenylethanol [WHO-DD], BCP32115, CS-B1821, HY-B1290, NSC_6054, Tox21_113544, Tox21_201322, Tox21_303383, NSC759116, s3703, 2-Phenylethanol, >=99.0% (GC), AKOS000249688, Tox21_113544_1, CCG-213419, DB02192, NSC-759116, CAS_60-12-8, 2-phenylethanol, >=99%, FCC, FG, NCGC00166215-01, NCGC00166215-03, NCGC00166215-05, NCGC00257347-01, NCGC00258874-01, AC-18484, SBI-0206858.P001, FT-0613332, FT-0673679, P0084, EN300-19347, C05853, D00192, D70868, 2-phenylethanol, natural, >=99%, FCC, FG, AB00698274_05, A832606, Q209463, SR-01000763553, Phenylethyl alcohol, >=99%, FCC, FG, Phenylethyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 19601-20-8.

Phenethyl alcohol, or Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2OH.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H2O), but miscible with most organic solvents.

The molecule of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2−) attached to a hydroxyl group (−OH).
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with a rose-like odour.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a flavour and fragrance compound, and can be used as a preservative and anti-microbial agent. Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has antityrosinase and antimicrobial activities.
Because the Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a good antibacterial efficiency, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be used in the ophthalmic solution.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used as odor agents, air care products, cleaning and furnishing care products, laundry and dishwashing products, personal care products.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is the main flavor volatile of tomato and blue cheese.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with an odor of rose oil.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a burning taste that irritates and then anesthetizes mucous membranes.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol that is used as a fragrance and an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic formulations.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is active at pH 6 or less and is inactivated by nonionic detergents including polysorbate-80.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also a widely used fragrance material that imparts a rose character to perfume compositions.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol (Beta-phenylethyl alcohol) is an alcohol with a pleasant floral odor that occurs widely in nature.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is found in a variety of essential oils, including rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is therefore a common ingredient in flavors and perfumery, particularly when the smell of rose is desired.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is responsible for honey-like aromas, a major aroma component of Muscat wine.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol stability in basic conditions.

In biology Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used as odor agents, air care products, cleaning and furnishing care products, laundry and dishwashing products, personal care products.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol and belongs to the class of compounds known as phenols.

The chemical formula for Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is C8H10O.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a kind of edible spices, and naturally exists in neroli, rose oil, geranium oil and other oils, because Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a soft, pleasant and persistent rose fragrance and is widely used in various kinds of flavors and cigarette flavor.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is dispensing rose scent, food additives, the main raw material for rose scent flavor, stable on alkali, which are widely used in soap fragrance, is essence blending all rose scent series of spices, because Beta-phenylethyl alcohol does not dissolve in water, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is often used in the making up water, soap and orange flower, purple, etc.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used in the blending of flavor.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, or Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2OH.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H2O), but miscible with most organic solvents.
The molecule of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2−) attached to a hydroxyl group (−OH).

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is metabolized to phenylacetic acid in mammals.
In humans, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is excreted in urine as the conjugate phenylacetylglutamine.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral fragrance that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a preservative.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is chemical formula is C8H10O, and Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is naturally derived from plants such as rose and jasmine.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, making Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a popular alternative to synthetic preservatives.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is soluble in both oil and water, which allows Beta-phenylethyl alcohol to be easily incorporated into a wide range of cosmetic formulations.

With Beta-phenylethyl alcohol natural origin and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a good choice for those looking for safe and effective preservatives.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a role as a fragrance, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Aspergillus metabolite and a plant growth retardant.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol and a member of benzenes.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, is a primary aromatic alcohol of high boiling point, having a characteristic rose-like odor.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol presents organoleptic properties and impacts the quality of the wine, distilled beverages, and fermented foods.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol shows its presence in fresh beer and is responsible for the rose-like odor of well-ripened cheese.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is commercially and industrially an important flavor and is a component of a variety of foodstuffs such as ice cream, gelatin, candy, pudding, chewing gum, and non-alcoholic beverages.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used as a flavoring agent in the cosmetic, perfume, and food industries.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is formed by yeasts during fermentation of alcohols either by decomposition of L-phenylalanine or metabolism of sugar substrates.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is therefore a common ingredient in flavors and perfumery, particularly when the odor of rose is desired.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a colorless liquid used in small amounts as a so-called masking ingredient, meaning Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can hide the natural not-so-nice smell of other cosmetic ingredients.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a nice rose-like scent and can be found in several essential oils such as rose, neroli or geranium.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol also has some antimicrobial activity and can boost the performance of traditional preservatives.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol that is used as a fragrance and an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic formulations.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is metabolized to phenylacetic acid in mammals.
In humans, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is excreted in urine as the conjugate phenylacetylglutamine.

The acute oral LD,s of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol to rats ranged from 2.5 to 3.1 ml/kg, and for mice and guinea pigs was 0.8 to 1.5 g/kg and 0.4 to 0.8 g/kg, respectively.
The dermal LD,s for rabbits and guinea pigs were 0.8 g/kg and 5 g/kg, respectively.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol was slightly to moderately irritating to the skin of rabbits and guinea pigs and was not a guinea pig sensitizer.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, in concentrations of 1 % or greater, was irritating to the eyes of rabbits.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol was neither an irritant nor a sensitizer in human studies.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol was not mutagenic in the Ames test or in an Escherichia coli DNA-polymerase-deficient assay system.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol did not increase the number of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear oily liquid with a sweet rose scent.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be synthesized for industry through the use of yeast strains or by reacting benzene and ethylene oxide with a catalyst.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is naturally present in grapes and wines, and is also found in the essential oils of many plants such as ylang ylang, hyacinth and carnation.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is the dominant odour in fresh roses such as Rosa multiflora, however is mostly lost during essential oil production as Beta-phenylethyl alcohol separates, with only a fraction remaining in rose oil.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohols are a large class of important cosmetic ingredients but only ethanol needs to be denatured to prevent Beta-phenylethyl alcohol from being redirected from cosmetic applications to alcoholic beverages.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol did inhibit the repair of radiation-induced breaks in the DNA of Z. coli.

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is prepared commercially via two routes.

Most common is the Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzene and ethylene oxide in the presence of aluminium trichloride.
C6H6 + CH2CH2O + AlCl3 → C6H5CH2CH2OAlCl2 + HCl

The reaction affords the aluminium alkoxide that is subsequently hydrolyzed to the desired product.
The main side product is Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, which can be avoided by use of excess benzene.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol of styrene oxide also affords Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a colorless, transparent, slightly viscous liquid.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes and also used as a preservative in soaps due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol stability in basic conditions.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is the deuterium labeled Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, extracted from rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom and other organisms, is a colourless liquid.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a pleasant floral odor and also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes and also used as a preservative in soaps due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol stability in basic conditions.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol occurs naturally in some essential oils, such as rose oil, carnation oil, and geranium oil, contributing to their pleasant fragrance.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is commonly used in the perfume and flavor industries due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol floral aroma.

Additionally, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has antimicrobial properties, which makes Beta-phenylethyl alcohol useful in various cosmetic and personal care products as a preservative.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol occurs naturally in various plants, including roses, carnations, geraniums, and other flowers.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is extracted from these sources for use in the fragrance industry.
One of the primary uses of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is in the fragrance and perfume industry.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is pleasant, floral scent, reminiscent of roses, makes Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a popular choice for adding a sweet and rosy note to perfumes and cosmetic products.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the formulation of eye area makeup, makeup products, skin care products, shampoos and perfumes and colognes.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a role as a fragrance, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Aspergillus metabolite and a plant growth retardant.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol and a member of benzenes.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a water soluble fragrance agent with rose like scent and good antimicrobial activity.

Perfect suitable for water based products and colour cosmetics.
The combination with boosting agents is in emulsions recommendable, the performance is pH independent.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, or Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2OH.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H2O), but miscible with most organic solvents.

The molecule of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2−) attached to a hydroxyl group (−OH).
In addition to its use in perfumery, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is sometimes used as a flavoring agent in the food industry, providing a sweet and floral taste to certain products.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has antimicrobial properties, and as such, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is employed as a preservative in various cosmetic and personal care products.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be synthesized chemically through various methods, including the reduction of phenylacetic acid or the hydration of styrene.
Synthetic Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is often used in the fragrance industry when a cost-effective and consistent source is needed.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can act as a solvent for various substances, which adds to its versatility in different industrial applications.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used in accordance with regulations.

However, like any chemical, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol should be handled with care, and its concentration in formulations should comply with safety guidelines.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, extracted from rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom and other organisms, is a colourless liquid that is slightly soluble in water.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a pleasant floral odor and also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild rose odor.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be dehydrogenated catalytically to phenylacetaldehyde and oxidized to phenylacetic acid (e.g.,with chromic acid).

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is the main component of rose oils obtained from rose blossoms
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol occurs in smaller quantities in neroli oil, ylang-ylang oil, carnation oil, and geranium oils.

Since the alcohol is rather soluble in water, losses occur when essential oils are produced by steam distillation.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is fatty acid esterswith lowermolecularmass, as well as some alkyl ethers, are valuable fragrance and flavor substances.

Phenylethyl Alcohol is found in almond.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a component of ylang-ylang oil.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a flavouring ingredient.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also called P-Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, p-phenyl ethyl alcohol, 2-phenyl ethanol, benzeneethanol, benzyl carbinol, and p-hydroxyethylben~ene.'~-~) PEA is a colorless, transparent, slightly viscous liquid with a sharp, burning taste.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a floral odor with a rose chara~ter.'~?~,~) The molecular weight of PEA is 122.1 7.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a specific gravity of 1.0202 at 20°C (compared with water at 4°C) and a specific gravity of 1.01 7 to 1.01 9 at 25°C (compared with water at 25°C).

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also soluble in fixed oils, glycerol, and propylene glycol and is slightly soluble in mineral oil.
A 2-ml sample of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol will dissolve in 100 ml of water after thorough Exposure to air may cause a slight oxidation of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be oxidized by acids and other oxidants, and oxidation in the presence of air is accelerated by heat.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is stable in colorless glass ampules at room temperature or in full opaque containers stored at 4 to 27°C for up to 1 year.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is absorbed by polyethylene c~ntainers.(~,~,~) PEA occurs naturally in the environment.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is produced by microorganisms, plants, and animals."0)
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has been found as the free alcohol oresterified in a number of natural essential oils, and in food, spices, and tobacco.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as a preservative ingredient in some soaps, and is also used in cosmetics, personal care products and food production for creating floral-rose fragrances and flavours.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be produced through various methods, including chemical synthesis and natural extraction from plants such as rose and jasmine.

The most common method involves the reduction of benzaldehyde with sodium borohydride in the presence of a catalyst.
The boiling point of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol at 750 mm Hg is 219 to 221"C, at 14 mm Hg is 104"C, at 12 mm Hg is 98 to 1 OO"C, and at 10 mm Hg is 97.4"C.

The freezing point of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is -27°C.
The alcohol is combustible, and Beta-phenylethyl alcohol flash point is 102.2"C.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a Beta-phenylethyl alcohol that prevents or retards bacterial growth, and thus protects cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a natural and multifunctional ingredient with a pleasant floral odor.
Due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol excellent antimicrobial properties Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in cosmetics as a preservative booster to reduce traditional preservative use.

Contrarily to organic salt preservatives which require a low pH for optimum action, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is pH independent.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is efficient in a broad pH range and heat stable.

For this reason, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be used in all kinds of products in cosmetics and perfumery, as a deodorant active and for alternative preservation.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is soluble in water and in most organic solvents.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, or Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, is the organic compound that consists of a phenethyl group group attached to OH.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid that is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with most organic solvents.

Incompatible with oxidizing agents and protein, e.g. serum.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is partially inactivated by polysorbates, although this is not as great as the reduction in antimicrobial activity that occurs with parabens and polysorbates.
Purify the ethanol by shaking Beta-phenylethyl alcohol with a solution of ferrous sulfate, and the alcohol layer is washed with distilled water and fractionally distilled.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol was not mutagenic in bacterial assays, nor did Beta-phenylethyl alcohol increase the number of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can also be prepared by the reaction between phenylmagnesium bromide and ethylene oxide:
C6H5MgBr + CH2CH2O → C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr
C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr + H+ → C6H5CH2CH2OH + MgBr+

The index of refraction for Beta-phenylethyl alcohol at 20°C for sodium light is 1.530 to 1.534.(2~4-6) Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is very soluble in alcohol and ether.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can also be produced by biotransformation from L-phenylalanine using immobilized yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Proper storage conditions, such as keeping Beta-phenylethyl alcohol in a cool and dark place, are important to maintain Beta-phenylethyl alcohol quality.
The environmental impact of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol depends on factors such as its source (natural or synthetic) and the specific application.

In general, when used responsibly and in accordance with regulations, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol impact on the environment is considered minimal.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also possible to produce Beta-phenylethyl alcohol by the reduction of phenylacetic acid using sodium borohydride and iodine in THF.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.
Besides being found in essential oils of plants, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a natural component of some fruits.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol contributes to the characteristic aroma of certain fruits like apples and strawberries.
There is ongoing research into the potential therapeutic properties of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.

Some studies suggest that Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
However, more research is needed to fully understand Beta-phenylethyl alcohol potential medical applications.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in various industrial processes.
For example, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be utilized as a precursor in the synthesis of other chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is present in trace amounts in wine and is considered one of the volatile compounds that contribute to the overall aroma and flavor profile of the wine.
In perfumery, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is often used in combination with other aromatic compounds to create complex and well-balanced fragrances.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is mild and floral scent makes Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a versatile ingredient in fragrance formulations.
The use of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is subject to regulations and guidelines set by regulatory authorities in different countries.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is important for industries to comply with these regulations to ensure the safety and proper labeling of products containing this compound.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is relatively stable, but like many chemicals, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can degrade over time, especially when exposed to light and air.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a compound naturally present in various fruits, flowers, and plants.
In laboratory studies, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has demonstrated the ability to influence the activity of specific enzymes, receptors, and channels.

Notably, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has been observed to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
Additionally, research has explored Beta-phenylethyl alcohol potential in modulating the activity of G-protein coupled receptors, which play crucial roles in a wide range of physiological processes.

Uses of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the formulation of room sprays and air fresheners to provide a pleasant and long-lasting fragrance.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be found in nail polishes, nail polish removers, and other nail care products due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol fragrance and potential antimicrobial benefits.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used as a flavoring agent in the cosmetic, perfume, and food industries.

Other release to the environment of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is intended to be released from scented: clothes, eraser, toys, paper products and CDs.
Widespread uses by professional workers

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following products: polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.

Other release to the environment of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in both aqueous and alcoholic perfume formulations, contributing to the fragrance stability in various types of perfumes.

In the formulation of biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaners, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may be used for its cleaning properties and mild scent
In niche and artisanal perfumery, where unique and specialized fragrances are crafted, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is valued for its floral and versatile characteristics.

In the production of botanical extracts used in skincare and cosmetic formulations, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may be employed for its aromatic qualities.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is qualitatively and quantitatively one of the most important fragrance substances that belongs to the class of araliphatic alcohols.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used frequently and in large amounts as a fragrance material.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a popular component in rose-type compositions, but Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used in other blossom notes.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is stable to alkali and, therefore, ideally suited for use in soap perfumes.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used to mask odor and also as a preservative.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may be employed in the pharmaceutical industry as an ingredient in certain drug formulations.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is antimicrobial properties can contribute to the stability and preservation of pharmaceutical products.

The mild and pleasant scent of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol makes Beta-phenylethyl alcohol suitable for use in insect repellents.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be included in formulations to improve the overall fragrance of these products.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is sometimes used in the production of scented candles and air fresheners to impart a floral fragrance, enhancing the ambiance of living spaces.
Beyond cosmetics, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is often included in various personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and body lotions for Beta-phenylethyl alcohol fragrance and preservative properties.

Due to its solvent properties, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be used in the textile industry for processes like dyeing and finishing fabrics.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may be found in a range of household products, including cleaning solutions, fabric softeners, and laundry detergents, where Beta-phenylethyl alcohol antimicrobial properties contribute to product preservation.

In microbiology labs, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is sometimes used as a disinfectant or as part of media formulations for culturing microorganisms.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol's antimicrobial properties make Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a potential candidate for use in food packaging materials to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and extend the shelf life of packaged foods.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol pleasing fragrance and preservative properties.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol might be included in grooming sprays for pets to provide a pleasant scent and potentially help in controlling odors.

Some dental products, such as mouth rinses and dental gels, may contain Beta-phenylethyl alcohol for its potential antimicrobial effects and fragrance.
Beyond its use as a flavoring agent in the food industry, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is sometimes employed in the creation of floral and fruity flavorings for various food products.

In some culinary applications, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol might be used to enhance the aroma and flavor of specific dishes or desserts.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as a preservative in cleansers, toners, moisturizers, and other cosmetic formulations.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol helps in extending the shelf life of products and protects against harmful microorganisms.
Additionally, the skin conditioning properties of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol make it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and other skincare products
Cosmetic products: Apart from acting as a preservative, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient, adding a floral scent to cosmetic products.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be found in a wide range of cosmetics, including foundations, blushes and eye shadows.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in food flavors, especially in honey, bread, apple, rose flavor and so on.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in tobacco flavors.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used for blending rose essential oil and all kinds of fragrance, such as jasmine, lilac, and orange blossom fragrance, etc.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a common ingredient in the fragrance and perfume industry.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be found in various food and beverage items.
Due to its antimicrobial properties, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as a preservative in cosmetics, skincare products, and toiletries.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol helps prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi, extending the shelf life of these products.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol serves as a solvent in industrial processes, contributing to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol versatility.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
While still being explored, research suggests that Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may have potential therapeutic properties.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.
Natural Beta-phenylethyl alcohol found in some fruits contributes to the characteristic aroma and flavor of certain foods, including apples and strawberries.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is present in trace amounts in wine and contributes to its overall aroma and flavor profile.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is considered one of the volatile compounds influencing the sensory characteristics of wine.

The antimicrobial properties of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol make it a suitable ingredient in some household cleaning products, detergents, and disinfectants.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol's pleasant scent makes it suitable for use in aromatherapy products, such as essential oil blends or diffuser oils.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in research and development laboratories, often as a reference compound or as a starting material in chemical synthesis.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an antimicrobial preservative in nasal, ophthalmic, and otic formulations at 0.25–0.5% v/v concentration; Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is generally used in combination with other preservatives.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has also been used on its own as an antimicrobial preservative at concentrations up to 1% v/v in topical preparations.
At this concentration, mycoplasmas are inactivated within 20 minutes, although enveloped viruses are resistant.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used in flavors and as a perfumery component, especially in rose perfumes.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is sweet, floral scent, reminiscent of roses, makes Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a popular choice for adding a rosy note to perfumes and personal care products.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is sometimes used in the production of herbal extracts and tinctures, contributing to the overall aroma of the final product.

The antimicrobial properties of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol make it a suitable ingredient in liquid soaps and body washes, helping to keep the products free from harmful microorganisms.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may be included in some mouthwashes and oral care products for its antimicrobial effects and to enhance the product's overall scent.

Some pet grooming products, such as shampoos and conditioners, may contain Beta-phenylethyl alcohol for its fragrance and preservative qualities.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be found in floral waters and hydrosols, contributing to the aromatic properties of these products.

Consumer Uses:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following products: biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), air care products, perfumes and fragrances, cosmetics and personal care products, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products and pharmaceuticals.
Other release to the environment of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following products: polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.

Uses at industrial sites:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, air care products, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Occurrence and uses of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is therefore a common ingredient in flavors and perfumery, particularly when the odor of rose is desired.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.

Production of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Many syntheticmethods are known for preparing Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.

The following are currently of industrial importance:

1) Friedel–Crafts reaction of benzene and ethylene oxide:
In the presence of molar quantities of aluminum chloride, ethylene oxide reacts with benzene to give an addition product, which is hydrolyzed to phenylethyl alcohol:
Friedel–Crafts reaction of benzene and ethylene oxide.

Formation of by-products, such as 1,2-diphenylethane, is largely avoided by using an excess of benzene at low temperature.
Special purification procedures are required to obtain a pure Beta-phenylethyl alcohol that is free of chlorine and suitable for use in perfumery.

2) Hydrogenation of styrene oxide: Excellent yields of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol are obtainedwhen styrene oxide is hydrogenated at low temperature, using Raney nickel as a catalyst and a small amount of sodium hydroxide.

Synthesis of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is prepared commercially via two routes.

Most common is the Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzene and ethylene oxide in the presence of aluminium trichloride.
C6H6 + CH2CH2O + AlCl3 → C6H5CH2CH2OAlCl2 + HCl

The reaction affords the aluminium alkoxide that is subsequently hydrolyzed to the desired product.
The main side product is diphenylethane, which can be avoided by use of excess benzene.
Hydrogenation of styrene oxide also affords Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.

Laboratory methods:

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can also be prepared by the reaction between phenylmagnesium bromide and ethylene oxide:
C6H5MgBr + CH2CH2O → C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr
C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr + H+ → C6H5CH2CH2OH + MgBr+

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can also be produced by biotransformation from L-phenylalanine using immobilized yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also possible to produce Beta-phenylethyl alcohol by the reduction of phenylacetic acid using sodium borohydride and iodine in THF.

Handling and storage of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:

Storage:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is stable in bulk, but is volatile and sensitive to light and oxidizing agents.
If stored in low-density polyethylene containers, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may be absorbed by the containers.

The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is reasonably stable in both acidic and alkaline solutions.

Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving.
Losses to polypropylene containers have been reported to be insignificant over 12 weeks at 30°C.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 10: Combustible liquids

Stability and reactivity of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

Chemical stability:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
Stable under recommended storage conditions.

May form peroxides on prolonged storage.
Date container and periodically test for peroxides.

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Conditions to avoid:
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
No data available

Safety Profile of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be produced through various methods, including chemical synthesis and natural extraction from plants such as rose and jasmine.

The most common method involves the reduction of benzaldehyde with sodium borohydride in the presence of a catalyst.
The resulting Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is then purified to obtain Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a skin and eye irritant.
When heated to decomposition Beta-phenylethyl alcohol emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material.
However, at the concentration used to preserve eye-drops (about 0.5% v/v) or above, eye irritation may occur.

Experimental teratogenic effects.
Other experimental reproductive effects.

Causes severe central nervous system injury to experimental animals.
Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidzing materials.

First aid measures of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:

General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Caution if victim vomits.
Risk of aspiration!

Keep airways free.
Pulmonary failure possible after aspiration of vomit.
Call a physician immediately.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Firefighting measures of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Carbon oxides
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Identifiers of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
CAS number: 60-12-8
EC number: 200-456-2
Hill Formula: C₈H₁₀O
Chemical formula: C₆H₅CH₂CH₂OH
Molar Mass: 122.17 g/mol
HS Code: 2906 29 00

CAS Number: 60-12-8
ChEBI: CHEBI:49000
ChEMBL: ChEMBL448500
ChemSpider: 5830
DrugBank: DB02192
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.415
KEGG: D00192
PubChem CID: 6054
UNII: ML9LGA7468
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9026342
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H10O/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H2
Key: WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C8H10O/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H2
InChI=1S/C8H10O/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H2
Key: WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: c1ccc(cc1)CCO

CAS Number: 60-12-8
Molecular Weight: 122.16
Beilstein: 1905732
EC Number: 200-456-2
MDL number: MFCD00002886
PubChem Substance ID: 57652684
NACRES: NA.22

Properties of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Melting point: -27 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 219-221 °C/750 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.020 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 4.21 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 58 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.5317(lit.)
FEMA: 2858 | Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Flash point: 216 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Miscible with chloroform.
form: Liquid
pka: 15.17±0.10(Predicted)
color: Clear colorless
Odor: floral odor of roses
PH: 6-7 (20g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit 1.4-11.9%(V)
Odor Type: floral
Water Solubility: 20 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,7224
JECFA Number: 987
BRN: 1905732
Dielectric constant: 13.0(20℃)
Stability: Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong acids and strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.
InChIKey: WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.50

Chemical formula: C8H10O
Molar mass: 122.167 g·mol−1
Odor: Soft, like roses
Density: 1.017 g/cm3
Melting point: −27 °C (−17 °F; 246 K)
Boiling point: 219 to 221 °C (426 to 430 °F; 492 to 494 K)
log P: 1.36

vapor density: 4.21 (vs air)
Quality Level: 100
vapor pressure: 1 mmHg ( 58 °C)
Assay: ≥99.0% (GC)
form: liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.5317 (lit.)
bp: 219-221 °C/750 mmHg (lit.)
mp: −27 °C (lit.)
density: 1.020 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: OCCc1ccccc1
InChI: 1S/C8H10O/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H2
InChI key: WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Boiling point: 219 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.023 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.4 - 11.9 %(V)
Flash point: 102 °C
Ignition temperature: 410 °C
Melting Point: -27 °C
pH value: 6 - 7 (20 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.08 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 20 g/l

Specifications of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.019 - 1.020
Identity (IR): passes test

Names of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:

Regulatory process names:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
2-phenylethanol
Phenethyl alcohol

IUPAC names:
2-FENYLETHANOL
2-Phenyethanol
2-phenyl ethl acohol
2-Phenyl ethyl alcohol
2-phenylethan-1-ol
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
2-Phenylethyl Alcohol
2-Phenylethyl alcohol
Benzeneethanol
p-menth-1-en-8-ol
PEA
PEA, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Phenethyl alcohol
PHENYL ETHYL ALCOHOL
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol
phenyl ethyl alcohol
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol
Phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethylalcohol
β-PEA, Benzyl carbinol

Trade names:
2-PEA
PEA-PHENYL ETHYL PHENOL
Phenethyl alcohol
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol
PHENYLROSE

Other names:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Phenethyl alcohol
Benzyl carbinol
β-Hydroxyethylbenzene
Benzeneethanol

Other identifiers:
60-12-8

MeSH of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
2 Phenylethanol
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Alcohol, Phenethyl
Alcohol, Phenylethyl
Benzyl Carbinol
beta Phenylethanol
beta-Phenylethanol
Carbinol, Benzyl
Phenethyl Alcohol
Phenylethanol
Phenylethyl Alcohol
BETA-SULFOALANINE
Beta-sulfoalanine is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Beta-sulfoalanine, also known as cysteate or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
Beta-sulfoalanine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

CAS Number: 498-40-8
EC Number: 207-861-3
Molecular Formula: C3H7NO5S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.15

Synonyms: Cysteic Acid, 3-Sulfoalanine, DL-CYSTEIC ACID, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, 13100-82-8, cysteate, beta-Sulfoalanine, Alanine, 3-sulfo-, 3024-83-7, Cysteinic acid, Cepteic acid, Cipteic acid, Cysteric acid, A3OGP4C37W, CHEBI:21260, Cysteinesulfonate, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoate, L-Cysteate, UNII-A3OGP4C37W, cysteinsaure, Cepteate, Cipteate, Cysterate, NSC 254030, NSC-254030, L-Cysteic acid, 8, 3-Sulfoalanine, (L)-, 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionate, CYSTEIC ACID [MI], CYSTEIC ACID, DL-, CHEMPACIFIC41266, SCHEMBL44030,m2-amino-3-sulfopro-panoic acid, CHEMBL1171434, 2-azanyl-3-sulfo-propanoic acid, BDBM85473, DTXSID40862048, XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N, BBL100099, MFCD00065088, NSC254030, STL301905, AKOS005174455, 3-Sulfoalanine (H-DL-Cys(O3H)-OH), LS-04435, FT-0627746, FT-0655399, FT-0683826, C-9550, EN300-717791, A820275, Q2823250, Z1198149799, InChI=1/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9, 13100-82-8 [RN], 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, 3024-83-7 [RN], 3-Sulfoalanin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Sulfoalanine [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Sulfoalanine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], A3OGP4C37W, a-Amino-b-sulfopropionic Acid, Alanine, 3-sulfo- [ACD/Index Name], CYA, Cysteic Acid, Cysteic acid (VAN), CYSTEIC ACID, D-, CYSTEIC ACID, DL-, CYSTEIC ACID, L-, DL-cysteic acid, L-Cysteic Acid, UNII:A3OGP4C37W, α-amino-β-sulfopropionic acid, 2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoate [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionate, Cepteate, Cipteate, Cysteinesulfonate, Cysterate, (R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, (S)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, [13100-82-8] [RN], 207-861-3 [EINECS], 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionic acid, 35554-98-4 [RN], 3-Sulfoalanine, (L)-, 3-sulfoalanine|alanine, 3-sulfo-, Alanine, 3-sulfo-, L-, C-9550, Cepteic acid, Cipteic acid, cysteate, cysteinate, cysteine sulfonic acid, CYSTEINESULFONIC ACID, Cysteinic acid, Cysteins??ure, Cysteric acid, DL-CYSTEICACID, L-Alanine, 3-sulfo- [ACD/Index Name], L-Cysteate, L-Cysteic acid, 8, MFCD00007524, MFCD00065088 [MDL number], β-Sulfoalanine

Beta-sulfoalanine also known as 3-sulfo-l-alanine is the organic compound with the formula HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.
Beta-sulfoalanine is often referred to as cysteate, which near neutral pH takes the form −O3SCH2CH(NH3+)CO2−.

Beta-sulfoalanine is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Beta-sulfoalanine is further metabolized via 3-sulfolactate, which converts to pyruvate and sulfite/bisulfite.
The enzyme L-cysteate sulfo-lyase catalyzes this conversion.

Beta-sulfoalanine is a biosynthetic precursor to taurine in microalgae.
By contrast, most taurine in animals is made from cysteine sulfinate.

Beta-sulfoalanine and cysteine sulfinic acid (metabolic intermediates from taurine biosynthesis in the brain) significantly reduce [3H]taurine uptake in cultured neurons, whereas cysteine, isethionic acid, cysteamine, and cystamine exhibit no alterations in taurine transport.

Beta-sulfoalanine, also known as cysteate or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.
Beta-sulfoalanine is a very strong basic compound (based on Beta-sulfoalanine pKa).

Beta-sulfoalanine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Within humans, Beta-sulfoalanine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Beta-sulfoalanine can be converted into taurine through Beta-sulfoalanine interaction with the enzyme cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase.

In addition, Beta-sulfoalanine can be converted into taurine through Beta-sulfoalanine interaction with the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase 1.
In humans, Beta-sulfoalanine is involved in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.

Beta-sulfoalanine, also known as cysteate or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

Beta-sulfoalanine is a very strong basic compound (based on Beta-sulfoalanine pKa).
Beta-sulfoalanine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

L-Cysteic acid is a beta-sulfoalanine.
Beta-sulfoalanine is an amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Beta-sulfoalanine occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Beta-sulfoalanine, also known as 3-sulfo-1-alanine, is an organic compound with the formula HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.
Beta-sulfoalanine is often called cysteate, and at near-neutral pH Beta-sulfoalanine takes the form -O3SCH2CH(NH3+)CO2-.

An amino acid produced by the oxidation of cysteine, where the thiol group is completely oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Beta-sulfoalanine is further metabolized via 3-sulfolactic acid and converted to pyruvate and sulfite/bisulfite.

The enzyme L-cysteate sulfolyase catalyzes this conversion.
Beta-sulfoalanine is the biosynthetic precursor of taurine in microalgae.
In contrast, most taurine in animals is made from cysteine ​​sulfinic acid.

Fmoc-L-Beta-sulfoalanine is an Fmoc protected cysteine derivative potentially useful for proteomics studies, and solid phase peptide synthesis techniques.
Cysteine is versatile amino acid involved with many biological processes, including the formation of disulfide bonds - a critical component of protein structure.
This compound could be useful as an unusual amino acid analog to aid in the deconvolution of protein structure and function.

Beta-sulfoalanine is an amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.
Beta-sulfoalanine has a role as an animal metabolite.
Beta-sulfoalanine is an alanine derivative, an amino sulfonic acid, a carboxyalkanesulfonic acid, a cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid.

Beta-sulfoalanine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).

Beta-sulfoalanine is a natural product found in Phaseolus vulgaris and Homo sapiens with data available.

Beta-sulfoalanine can be readily oxidized, where the main degradation products are mixed disulfides within one molecule, disulfide cross-links between molecules, and sulfenic, sulfinic, and Beta-sulfoalanine.
Transition metals such as Cu2+ and Fe3+ can catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds.

As an example, human fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) forms dimers as the result of intermolecular disulfides by copper-catalyzed oxidation.
These metal-catalyzed reactions generally can occur without a neighboring thiol group.

In the absence of transition metals the formation of new intramolecular or intermolecular disulfide bridges generally requires a nearby free thiol group that breaks apart the existing native disulfide bridge and then the free thiol can reoxidize to form the disulfide bridge.
Since this reaction requires a free thiol anion (pKa is ∼9) an increase in the solution pH will result in an increase in formation of mixed disulfide.

However, the pKa values for Beta-sulfoalanine can vary depending on the proximity of other ionizing groups in the tertiary structure.
These interactions are primarily electrostatic in nature and since the ionization of these neighboring groups changes with the pH the pKa values of the Beta-sulfoalanine residues will be a function of pH.

As an example, the thiol pKa in papain for the active site Cys 25 has been estimated to be 4.1 at pH 6 and 8.4 at pH 9.
This observation suggests that at pH 6 there is a His residue with positive charge in close proximity to Beta-sulfoalanine 25, whereas at pH 9 the electrostatic interactions are dominated by close negatively charged residues such as Asp or Glu residues.

The effects of local electrostatic environments on thiol pKa values and disulfide exchange have been discussed by Snyder, Cennerazzo, Karalis, and Field (1981).
Ion pairing with His residues has also been proposed for the decrease in the Cys pKa values.

Beta-sulfoalanine has been used to couple to hydrophobic labels like Cyanine and Rhodamine dyes and other hydrophobic residues to increase their solubility in water.
As di- or tripeptide a further increase of hydrophilicity can be achieved

Beta-sulfoalanine has been used to couple to hydrophobic labels like Cyanine and Rhodamine dyes and other hydrophobic residues to increase their solubility in water.
As di- or tripeptide a further increase of hydrophilicity can be achieved.

Beta-sulfoalanine can be coupled in SPPS by standard phosphoniumor uranium-based coupling reagents.
In high throughput technologies for DNA sequencing and genomics charge-modified dye-labelled
dideoxynucleoside-5’-triphosphates were synthesized for “direct-load” applications in DNA.

L-Cysteine and L-Beta-sulfoalanine were synthesized by paired eletrolysis method.
A high purity over 98% and high yield over 90% of both products were gained.

When current density was 7 A/dm2 and concentration of L-cysteine was 0.6 mol/dm3, the highest current efficiency of anode and cathode was achieved.
Total current efficiency was over 180%.

The cyclic voltammetry behaviors of hydrobromic acid and cystine showed that a typical EC reaction took place in the anodic cell.
The anode reaction and successive chemical reaction accelerated each other to get a high speed and current efficiency.

L-Beta-sulfoalanine is the L-enantiomer of Beta-sulfoalanine.
Beta-sulfoalanine has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite.

Beta-sulfoalanine is a Beta-sulfoalanine, an amino sulfonic acid, a L-alanine derivative, a L-cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid.
Beta-sulfoalanine is a conjugate acid of a L-cysteate(1-).

L-Cysteic acid is a beta-sulfoalanine.
Beta-sulfoalanine is an amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Beta-sulfoalanine occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Uses of Beta-sulfoalanine:
An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Beta-sulfoalanine occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Application of Beta-sulfoalanine:
Internal standard for amino acid analysis.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Beta-sulfoalanine:
L-Beta-sulfoalanine is a sulfur containing aspartate analogue that may be used as a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial aspartate: alanine antiporter (AspT) exchange of aspartate and in other aspartate biological systems.
L-Beta-sulfoalanine is used in monomeric surfactant development.

L-Beta-sulfoalanine is an oxidation product of Cysteine.
L-Beta-sulfoalanine, an analogue of cysteine sulfinic acid, may be used in studies of excitatory amino acids in the brain, such as those that bind to cysteine sulfinic acid receptors.
L-Beta-sulfoalanine is a useful agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).

Beta-sulfoalanine is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.

KEYWORDS:
498-40-8, 207-861-3, Cysteic Acid, 3-Sulfoalanine, DL-CYSTEIC ACID, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, A3OGP4C37W, CHEBI:21260, UNII-A3OGP4C37W, cysteinsaure

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Beta-sulfoalanine:

Human Metabolite Information:

Cellular Locations:
Mitochondria

Handling and storage of Beta-sulfoalanine:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 11: Combustible Solids

Stability and reactivity of Beta-sulfoalanine:

Reactivity:

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Beta-sulfoalanine is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

First aid measures of Beta-sulfoalanine:

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

Firefighting measures of Beta-sulfoalanine:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Beta-sulfoalanine no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Beta-sulfoalanine:
Carbon oxides
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides
Combustible.

Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Beta-sulfoalanine:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid inhalation of dusts.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.

Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.

Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Identifiers of Beta-sulfoalanine:
CAS Number:
13100-82-8 (D/L)
35554-98-4 (D)
498-40-8 (L)

ChEBI: CHEBI:17285
ChemSpider: 65718
DrugBank: DB03661
ECHA InfoCard: 100.265.539
EC Number: 207-861-3
MeSH: Cysteic+acid
PubChem CID: 25701

UNII:
A3OGP4C37W (D/L)
YWB11Z1XEI (D)
M6W2DJ6N5K (L)

CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID40862048
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
Key: XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-REOHCLBHSA-N
InChI=1/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
SMILES: C(C(C(=O)O)N)S(=O)(=O)O

Synonym(s): (R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropionic acid
Linear Formula: HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H·H2O
CAS Number: 23537-25-9
Molecular Weight: 187.17
Beilstein: 3714036
MDL number: MFCD00149544
PubChem Substance ID: 24858207
NACRES: NA.26

CAS: 498-40-8
Molecular Formula: C3H7NO5S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.15
MDL Number: MFCD00007524
InChI Key: XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYNA-N
PubChem CID: 72886
ChEBI: CHEBI:17285
IUPAC Name: 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid
SMILES: NC(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O

Properties of Beta-sulfoalanine:
Chemical formula: C3H7NO5S
Molar mass: 169.15 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals or powder
Melting point: Decomposes around 272 °C
Solubility in water: Soluble

Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99.0% (T)
form: powder or crystals
optical activity: [α]20/D +7.5±0.5°, c = 5% in H2O
technique(s): LC/MS: suitable
color: white to faint yellow
mp: 267 °C (dec.) (lit.)
solubility: H2O: soluble
application(s): peptide synthesis
SMILES string: [H]O[H].N[C@@H](CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C3H7NO5S.H2O/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9;/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9);1H2/t2-;/m0./s1
InChI key: PCPIXZZGBZWHJO-DKWTVANSSA-N

Molecular Weight: 169.16 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -4.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 169.00449350 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 169.00449350 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 126Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 214
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Beta-sulfoalanine:
Color: White
Quantity: 1 g
Formula Weight: 169.15
Percent Purity: ≥98.0% (T)
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: L-Cysteic Acid

Related Products of Beta-sulfoalanine:
(R)-(-)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol
(R)-(+)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester
[2R-[2a,6a,7b(R*)]]-7-[[[[(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]amino]phenylacetyl]amino]-3-methylene-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2-carboxylic Acid 5-Oxide
(S)-4',7-Dimethyl Equol
(3a'R,4'S,5'S,6a'S)-5'-[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]hexahydro-N-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]-5,5-dimethyl-spiro[1,3-dioxane-2,2'(1'H)-pentalene]-4'-carboxamide

Names of Beta-sulfoalanine:

IUPAC name:
(R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid

Regulatory process names:
L-cysteic acid
L-cysteic acid

Other names:
3-Sulfo-l-alanine

Other identifiers:
498-40-8
Beurre d’allanblackia
Cacao butter, Theobroma cacao seed butter, Cas : 8002-31-1 / 84649-99-0 ,EC : 283-480-6, kakao, kakao yağı, kakao öl, cacao öl
Beurre de cacao ( cacao butter)
synonyme : Shea butter, Inci : Butyrospermum parkii butter, Cas : 194043-92-0 / 91080-23-8, EC : 293-515-7, Fats and Glyceridic oils, shea butter. Le beurre de karité est une huile végétale, une substance comestible extraite des fruits du karité, un arbre poussant principalement dans les savanes arborées de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, centrale et de l'Est, et dont le nom signifie « vie » en langue mandingue. Le beurre de karité est principalement consommé dans la cuisine traditionnelle ou utilisé dans l'industrie du chocolat en Europe comme substitut au beurre de cacao. Il est surtout connu en Afrique, en Europe et aux États-Unis pour ses propriétés cosmétiques assouplissantes et nourissantes pour la peau. Ses propriétés font qu'il entre aujourd'hui dans la composition de nombreux produits cosmétiques et aussi pharmaceutiques.Le beurre de karité contient cinq principaux acides gras (triacylglycérides) : l'acide palmitique, stéarique, oléique, linoléique, et arachidique. Parmi ceux-ci, les acides stéarique et oléique atteignent environ 85 à 90 %, selon les provenances. Acide oléique (40-60 %) ; Acide stéarique (20-50 %) ; Acide linolénique (3-11 %) ; Acide palmitique (2-9 %) ; Acide linoléique (< 1 %) ; Acide arachidique (< 1 %). La proportion relative des acides stéarique et oléique influence la consistance du beurre. L'acide stéarique donne une consistance solide, tandis que l'acide oléique donne une consistance molle ou même liquide. Le beurre de karité est considéré comme une graisse saine. 90 % de la production mondiale de beurre de karité sont à destination alimentaire principalement dans l'industrie du chocolat et autres confiseries. En particulier en Europe (et non pas aux Etats-Unis), ce beurre « est utilisé comme substitut au beurre de cacao en raison des propriétés physiques et chimiques similaires pour l'enrobage des chocolats et des bonbons, pour modifier les points de fusion ou créer des textures prisées par les consommateurs ». Il entre également dans la composition de biscuits et pâtes feuilletées pour les humains mais aussi comme élément dans l'alimentation fourragère pour les animaux. Localement, on l'utilise comme un beurre classique ou une huile comestible de friture en cuisine ou ajouté aux sauces comme liant et pour en modifier le goût. Il présente l'avantage de se conserver sans agent de conservation grâce à ses quantités relativement importantes d'insaponifiables (4-11%) et tocophérols qui permettent d'assurer la stabilité aux huiles et graisses
Beurre de karité ( shea butter)
Pycnanthus angolensis seed butter
Beurre de kombo
Pentadesma butyracea seed butter, Cas : 94349-99-2, EC : 305-217-7
Beurre de kpangnan
Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid)); BHMTPMP;BHMT;BHMTPh.PN(Nax);Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid));PARTIALLY NEUTRALISED SODIUM SALT OF BIS HEXAMETHYLENE;Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid)) BHMTPMP CAS NO:34690-00-1
BHMT
Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid)); BHMTPMP;BHMT;BHMTPh.PN(Nax);Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid));PARTIALLY NEUTRALISED SODIUM SALT OF BIS HEXAMETHYLENE;Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid)) BHMTPMP CAS NO:34690-00-1
BHMTPMP
BHMTPMPA, BHMT, Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid)), Dequest 2090, Gyptron KT-252, Mayoquest 1900. cas :34690-00-1
BHMTPMPA
Butylated hydroxytoluene; BHT; 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol; Ionol; 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol (Czech); 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylhydroxybenzene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; 4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene; 4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol (Czech); 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol; 4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol; Alkofen BP; Antioxidant 264; Antioxidant 29; Antioxidant 30; Antioxidant 4; Antioxidant 4K; Antioxidant DBPC; Antioxidant KB; Antox QT; Butylated hydroxytoluol; Butylhydroxytoluene; Butylohydroksytoluenu (Polish); Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; Dibunol; Dibutylated hydroxytoluene; Impruvol; Stavox; Tonarol; Vulkanox KB; o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-kresol (Dutch) 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cré sol (French) 2,6-di-terc-butil-p-cresol (Spanish) CAS NO: 128-37-0
BHT
Butylated hydroxytoluene; BHT; 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol; Ionol; 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol (Czech); 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylhydroxybenzene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; 4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene; 4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol (Czech); 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol; 4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol; Alkofen BP; Antioxidant 264; Antioxidant 29; Antioxidant 30; Antioxidant 4; Antioxidant 4K; Antioxidant DBPC; Antioxidant KB; Antox QT; Butylated hydroxytoluol; Butylhydroxytoluene; Butylohydroksytoluenu (Polish); Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; Dibunol; Dibutylated hydroxytoluene; Impruvol; Stavox; Tonarol; Vulkanox KB; o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-kresol (Dutch) 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cré sol (French) 2,6-di-terc-butil-p-cresol (Spanish) CAS NO: 128-37-0
BHT 2, 6-DITERTIARY BUTYL PARA-CRESOL
BIOTIN, N° CAS : 58-85-5, Nom INCI : BIOTIN, Nom chimique : 1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, [3aS-(3a.alpha.,4.beta.,6a.alpha.)]- N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-399-3, Anti-séborrhée : Aide à contrôler la production de sébum, Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
BHT ANTIOXIDANT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE)
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene), also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is widely used to prevent free radical-mediated oxidation in fluids (e.g. fuels, oils) and other materials, and the regulations overseen by the U.S. F.D.A.—which considers BHT to be "generally recognized as safe"—allow small amounts to be added to foods.
Despite BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene), and the earlier determination by the National Cancer Institute that BHT was noncarcinogenic in an animal model, societal concerns over its broad use have been expressed.

CAS: 128-37-0
MF: C15H24O
MW: 220.35
EINECS: 204-881-4

Synonyms
BHT(BAGS);BHTFCC/NF;BHT,GRANULAR,FCC;BHT,GRANULAR,TECHNICAL;BUTYLATEDHYDROXYTOLUENE,GRANULAR,NF;(Z)-retro-αretro-Methyl-αButylated hydroxytoluene Manufacturer;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol;128-37-0;Butylhydroxytoluene;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol;2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol;Ionol;DBPC;Stavox;BHT;Impruvol;Ionol CP;Dalpac;Deenax;Dibunol;Ionole;Kerabit;Topanol;Vianol;Antioxidant KB;Antioxidant 4K;Sumilizer BHT;Topanol O;Topanol OC;Vanlube PC;Antioxidant 29;Antioxidant 30;Antioxidant DBPC
;Sustane BHT;Tenamene 3;Vanlube PCX;Nonox TBC;Tenox BHT;Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-;Chemanox 11;Agidol;Catalin CAO-3;Ionol 1;Advastab 401;3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene;BUKS;Parabar 441;2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol;Antrancine 8;Vulkanox KB;Catalin antioxydant 1;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol;Ionol (antioxidant);Paranox 441;2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol;Antioxidant MPJ;Antioxidant 4;Alkofen BP;AO 4K
;CAO 1;CAO 3;Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol;Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol;Swanox BHT;Antox QT;Tenamen 3;Agidol 1;Antioxidant 264;Bht (food grade);o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol;Antioxidant T 501;Ional;Nocrac 200;AO 29;NCI-C03598;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol;2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol;Dbpc (technical grade);4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene;FEMA No. 2184;4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol;Butylhydroxytoluenum;Di-tert-butylcresol;AOX 4K;Dibutylhydroxytoluene;2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol;Ionol CP-antioxidant;P 21;2,6-DI-T-BUTYL-P-CRESOL;4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol;AOX 4;Butyl hydroxy toluene;CCRIS 103;Popol;HSDB 1147;BHT 264;Bht(food grade);NSC 6347;NSC-6347;4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol;EINECS 204-881-4;Ionol BHT;Ralox BHT;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene
;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol;1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene;MFCD00011644
;2,6-ditertiary-butyl-p-cresol;Dbpc(technical grade);DTXSID2020216;E321;CHEBI:34247
;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylhydroxybenzene;AI3-19683;p-Cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-;INS-321
;1P9D0Z171K;2,6-bis(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol;2,6-Di-tert-butylcresol;CHEMBL146;Di-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol;DTXCID20216;2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol-d24;INS NO.321;E-321;FEMA 2184;NSC6347;2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol;NCGC00091761-03;Tonarol;1219805-92-1
;Toxolan P;2,6-DI(TERT-BUTYL-D9)-4-METHYLPHENOL-3,5,O-D3;Caswell No. 291A;Annulex BHT;BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUENE (EP MONOGRAPH);BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUENE [EP MONOGRAPH];CAS-128-37-0;Butylohydroksytoluenu;Butylohydroksytoluenu [Polish];Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (VAN);di-tert-butyl-methylphenol;Di tert butyl methylphenol;2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol [Czech];EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 022105

BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has also been postulated as an antiviral drug, but as of December 2022, use of BHT as a drug is not supported by the scientific literature and it has not been approved by any drug regulatory agency for use as an antiviral.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is a synthetic phenolic compound mainly used as an antioxidant and preservative in the food industry.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is used to prevent the lipid oxidation in oils and fat-containing foods.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene toxicity is generally considered as being low.
Since BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is used in many near consumer products population wide exposure is expected.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is a phenolic antioxidant.

BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) can inhibit lipid peroxidation and cause lung injury in mice and promote tumor growth, which may be due to the metabolites of Butylated Hydroxytoluene, 6-tert-butyl-2-[2′-(2′-hydroxymethyl)-propyl]-4-Methylphenol.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) metabolites have also been reported to cause DNA strand breaks in cultured cells and DNA breaks between nucleosomes (a typical feature of apoptosis).
A single intraperitoneal injection of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene)) into rats caused a significant increase in nuclear DNA methyltransferase activity in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, brain, and lung.

The antioxidant BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is contained in food, adhesive glues, industrial oils and greases, including cutting fluids.
Sensitization seems very rare.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is a synthetic antioxidant.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) scavenges peroxide, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; ), superoxide, and ABTS radicals in cell-free assays, as well as inhibits lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid in vitro when used at a concentration of 45 μg/ml.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) reduces freeze-thaw-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) production and increases sperm viability in boar spermatozoa preparations.
Formulations containing BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) have been used as antioxidant cosmetic and food additives.

BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 69-73 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 265 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.048
Vapor density: 7.6 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: 1.4859
FEMA: 2184 | BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE
Fp: 127 °C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility methanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
Form: Crystals
pka: pKa 14(H2O t = 25 c = 0.002 to 0.01) (Uncertain)
Color: white
Odor: faint characteristic odor
Odor Type: phenolic
Water Solubility: insoluble
Merck: 14,1548
BRN: 1911640
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 2 mg/m3
NIOSH: TWA 10 mg/m3
Stability: Stable, but light-sensitive. Incompatible with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, brass, copper, copper alloys, steel, bases, oxidizing agents. Combustible.
InChIKey: NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 5.2
CAS DataBase Reference: 128-37-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene)(128-37-0)
IARC: 3 (Vol. 40, Sup 7) 1987
EPA Substance Registry System: BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) (128-37-0)

BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is white or light yellow crystal.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has a melting point of 71°C, a boiling point of 265°C, a relative density of 1.048 (20/4°C), and a refractive index of 1.4859 (75°C).
Solubility of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) at normal temperature: methanol 25, ethanol 25-26, isopropanol 30, mineral oil 30, acetone 40, petroleum ether 50, benzene 40, lard (40-50°C ) 40-50, corn oil and soybean oil 40-50.

BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is insoluble in water, 10NaOH solution, glycerol, and propylene glycol.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is odorless, odorless with good thermal stability.
BHA and BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) are monohydric phenolic antioxidants that, prior to their introduction and acceptance in the food industry, were used to protect petroleum against oxidative degumming.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has a very faint, musty, occasional cresylictype odor.
BHA and BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) are extensively used in foods as antioxidants.
Most fats, oils and fat-containing foods are naturally susceptible to rapid rancification and other oxidative reactions that produce compounds having objectionable taste and odor, making foods containing them unpalatable.

Lipid oxidation is autocatalytic and proceeds as a complex of chain reactions, the nature and speed of which vary with the substrate, temperature, light, availability of oxygen and presence or absence of oxidation catalysts.
Antioxidants like BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) act as “chain breaks” in the autooxidation processes under the usual conditions of processing, storage and use of fat-containing foods.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid or powder.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) occurs as a white or pale yellow crystalline solid or powder with a faint characteristic phenolic odor.

Reactions
The species behaves as a synthetic analog of vitamin E, primarily acting as a terminating agent that suppresses autoxidation, a process whereby unsaturated (usually) organic compounds are attacked by atmospheric oxygen.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) stops this autocatalytic reaction by converting peroxy radicals to hydroperoxides.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) effects this function by donating a hydrogen atom:

RO2• + ArOH → ROOH + ArO•
RO2• + ArO• → nonradical products
where R is alkyl or aryl, and where ArOH is BHT or related phenolic antioxidants.
Each BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) consumes two peroxy radicals.

Application from Literature
The applications of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) have been reported as following:
• BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) metabolites causing DNA strand breaks in cultured cells and DNA breaks between nucleosomes (a typical feature of apoptosis), which result in relieving inflammation.
• Inhibiting secretion, aggregation, and protein phosphorylation caused by protein kinase C activators at the process of the pre-incubation of aspirin-treated platelets.
• Inhibiting liver cancer formation induced by aflatoxin B1.
• As Michael receptor, butylated hydroxytoluene can react with uninucleophiles and proteins.
• Reaction of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol with fluorine (II) - benzophenone dianion complex.
• Food additive 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol can promote acute lung toxicity and tumor growth in mice.
• BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) can be used to prepare organoaluminum compound methylaluminum bis (2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-alkylphenol oxide).

Uses
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has wide application, such as flavors, fragrances, biochemical reagents-other chemical reagents, chemical raw materials, organic chemical raw materials, biochemical, inorganic salts, antioxidants, food additives, feed additives, feed storage additives, aromatic hydrocarbons, bulk drugs and so on.
As a phenolic antioxidant, BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) can inhibit lipid peroxidation and exhibit electrophilic quinone methyl ether toxicity mediated by oxidative metabolism.
The BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) metabolites, 6-tert-butyl-2- [2 ′-(2′-hydroxymethyl) -propyl] -4-methylphenol, may cause lung damage in mice and promote tumor growth.

Because they prevent rancidity, antioxidants are of great interest to the food industry.
For example, BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and EDTA are frequently used to preserve various foods, such as cheese or fried products.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is a powerful inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, yet large doses of it can induce oxidative DNA damage and cancer development in the rat forestomach.
Antioxidant for food, animal feed, petroleum products, synthetic rubbers, plastics, animal and vegetable oils, soaps. Antiskinning agent in paints and inks.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) as general antioxidants is used widely in polymer materials, petroleum products and food processing industries.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is commonly used rubber antioxidant, heat, oxygen aging have some protective effect, but also can inhibit copper harm.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) does not change color, not pollution.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) high solubility in oil, no precipitation, less volatile, non-toxic and non-corrosive.

BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is also known as butylated hydroxy toluene.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is an anti-oxidant that also has preservative and masking capabilities.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is an antioxidant that functions similarly to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) but is less stable at high temperatures.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is also termed 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol.
A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is listed by the NIH Hazardous Substances Data Bank under several categories in catalogues and databases, such as food additive, household product ingredient, industrial additive, personal care product/cosmetic ingredient, pesticide ingredient, plastic/rubber ingredient and medical/veterinary/research.

Food additive
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive.
In the United States, BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) based on a National Cancer Institute study from 1979 in rats and mice.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is permitted in the European Union under E321.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is used as a preservative ingredient in some foods.
With this usage BHT maintains freshness or prevents spoilage; it may be used to decrease the rate at which the texture, color, or flavor of food changes.
Some food companies have voluntarily eliminated BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) from their products or have announced that they were going to phase it out.

Antioxidant
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is also used as an antioxidant in products such as metalworking fluids, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, transformer oils, and embalming fluid.
In the petroleum industry, where BHT is known as the fuel additive AO-29, BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is used in hydraulic fluids, turbine and gear oils, and jet fuels.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is also used to prevent peroxide formation in organic ethers and other solvents and laboratory chemicals.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is added to certain monomers as a polymerisation inhibitor to facilitate their safe storage.
Some additive products contain BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) as their primary ingredient, while others contain the chemical merely as a component of their formulation, sometimes alongside butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).

Cosmetics
The European Union restricts the use of BHT in mouthwash to 0.001% concentration, in toothpaste to 0.01% concentration, and to 0.8% in other cosmetics.

Pharmaceutical Applications
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is used as an antioxidant in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is mainly used to delay or prevent the oxidative rancidity of fats and oils and to prevent loss of activity of oil-soluble vitamins.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is also used at 0.5–1.0% w/w concentration in natural or synthetic rubber to provide enhanced color stability.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has some antiviral activity and has been used therapeutically to treat herpes simplex labialis.

Preparation
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is produced commercially by the alkylation of para-cresol with isobutylene.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is also produced by several western European manufacturers, production/processing plants in Germany, France, the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Spain.

Production
Industrial production
The chemical synthesis of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) in industry has involved the reaction of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene), catalyzed by sulfuric acid:

CH3(C6H4)OH + 2 CH2=C(CH3)2 → ((CH3)3C)2CH3C6H2OH
Alternatively, BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has been prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation followed by hydrogenolysis.

Reactivity Profile
Phenols, such as 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, do not behave as organic alcohols, as one might guess from the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) group in their structure.
Instead, they react as weak organic acids.
Phenols and cresols are much weaker as acids than common carboxylic acids (phenol has Ka = 1.3 x 10^).
These materials are incompatible with strong reducing substances such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides.
Flammable gas (H2) is often generated, and the heat of the reaction may ignite the gas.
Heat is also generated by the acid-base reaction between phenols and bases.

Such heating may initiate polymerization of the organic compound.
Phenols are sulfonated very readily (for example, by concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature).
The reactions generate heat.
Phenols are also nitrated very rapidly, even by dilute nitric acid.
Nitrated phenols often explode when heated.
Many of them form metal salts that tend toward detonation by rather mild shock.
May react with oxidizing materials.

Biochem/physiol Actions
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is a phenolic antioxidant.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) causes lung injury and promotes tumors in mice, but this may be due to a metabolite of Butylated Hydroxytoluene, 6-tert-butyl-2-[2′-(2′-hydroxymethyl)-propyl]-4-methylphenol.
Metabolites of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) have also been reported to induce DNA strand breaks and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (a characteristic of apoptosis) in cultured cells.
In rats, a single intraperitoneal injection of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) results in a significant increase in nuclear DNA methyl transferase activity in the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, brain and lungs.
Incubation of alveolar macrophages with BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) significantly reduced the level of TNF-α which may explain the mechanism by which this antioxidant reduces inflammation.
Preincubation of aspirin-treated platelets with BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) inhibits the secretion, aggregation, and protein phosphorylation induced by protein kinase C activators.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) was also found to inhibit the initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis by aflatoxin B1.

Health effects
This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Like many closely related phenol antioxidants, BHT has low acute toxicity (e.g., the desmethyl analog of BHT, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, has an LD50 of >9 g/kg).
The US Food and Drug Administration classifies BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food preservative when used in an approved manner.
In 1979, the National Cancer Institute determined that BHT was noncarcinogenic in a mouse model.

Nevertheless, the World Health Organization discussed a possible link between BHT and cancer risk in 1986, and some primary research studies in the 1970s–1990s reported both potential for increased risk and potential for decreased risk in the area of oncology.
Because of this uncertainty, the Center for Science in the Public Interest puts BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) in its "caution" column and recommends avoiding it.

Based on various, disparate primary research reports, BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has been suggested to have anti-viral activity, and the reports divide into various study types.
First, there are studies that describe virus inactivation—where treatment with the chemical results in disrupted or otherwise inactivated virus particles.
The action of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) in these is akin to the action of many other organic compounds, e.g., quaternary ammonium compounds, phenolics, and detergents, which disrupt viruses by insertion of the chemical into the virus membrane, coat, or other structure, which are established methods of viral disinfection secondary to methods of chemical oxidation and UV irradiation.
In addition, there is a report of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) use, topically against genital herpes lesions, a report of inhibitory activity in vitro against pseudorabies (in cell culture), and two studies, in veterinary contexts, of use of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) to attempt to protect against virus exposure (pseudorabies in mouse and swine, and Newcastle in chickens).

The relevance of other reports, regarding influenza in mice, is not easily discerned.
Notably, this series of primary research reports does not support a general conclusion of independent confirmation of the original research results, nor are there critical reviews appearing thereafter, in secondary sources, for the various host-virus systems studied with BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene).
Hence, at present, the results do not present a scientific consensus in favour of the conclusion of the general antiviral potential of BHT when dosed in humans.
Moreover, as of March 2020, no guidance from any of the internationally recognized associations of infectious disease specialists had advocated use of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) products as an antiviral therapy or prophylactic.
BHT ANTİOXİDANT

BHT Antioxidant, which stands for butylated hydroxytoluene, is a synthetic antioxidant that is commonly used as a food additive and in various industrial applications.
BHT Antioxidant belongs to the class of compounds known as phenolic compounds and is specifically categorized as a synthetic phenolic antioxidant.
BHT Antioxidant is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used in various industries.
Known by its abbreviation BHT, it is a white, crystalline powder with a mild characteristic odor.

CAS Number: 128-37-0
EC Number: 204-881-4



APPLICATIONS


BHT Antioxidant is widely used in the food industry as an antioxidant to prevent the oxidation of fats and oils in processed foods.
In the cosmetic and personal care industry, BHT is added to skincare products to enhance their stability and prolong shelf life.
The pharmaceutical industry utilizes BHT Antioxidant as a stabilizer for drugs and vitamins that are susceptible to oxidative degradation.

BHT Antioxidant is commonly found in industrial lubricants, where it helps maintain the quality and performance of oils under various conditions.
BHT Antioxidant plays a crucial role in preserving the stability of hydraulic fluids, ensuring the efficient operation of machinery.
BHT is incorporated into jet fuels to prevent oxidation and enhance the safety and performance of aviation fuels.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the production of transformer oils to protect electrical transformers from oxidative damage.

In the rubber and plastics industry, BHT acts as a stabilizer, preventing the degradation of materials exposed to oxygen and UV radiation.
BHT Antioxidant is added to adhesives and sealants to maintain their integrity and prevent oxidative breakdown over time.
BHT Antioxidant serves as an antioxidant in the preservation of artworks and artifacts, protecting them from environmental damage.

BHT Antioxidant is applied in the agricultural sector as a preservative for certain pesticides and herbicides to extend their shelf life.
BHT Antioxidant finds use in the petroleum and petrochemical industries to protect polymers and fuels from degradation during storage and transportation.

BHT Antioxidant is incorporated into the manufacturing of plastics, contributing to the durability and longevity of plastic products.
BHT Antioxidant is utilized in the production of synthetic materials where resistance to oxidation and stability are essential.
BHT Antioxidant is employed as a stabilizer in the production of synthetic rubbers, ensuring their resilience and longevity.
In the automotive industry, BHT is used in engine oils to protect critical components from oxidative damage.
BHT Antioxidant is added to industrial coatings and paints to enhance their resistance to environmental factors such as UV radiation.

BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of printing inks, contributing to their stability and preventing color degradation.
BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the formulation of plastics used in electrical equipment, preventing degradation from heat and oxidation.

BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of cutting fluids and metalworking fluids, maintaining their effectiveness over time.
BHT Antioxidant is added to synthetic and natural waxes to prevent them from undergoing oxidative changes.

BHT Antioxidant is utilized in the production of fuel additives to improve the stability and performance of fuels.
In the textile industry, BHT is used as an antioxidant in the processing of textiles to prevent fiber degradation.
BHT Antioxidant is applied in the formulation of rust inhibitors to protect metal surfaces from corrosion caused by oxidation.
BHT Antioxidant's versatility in preventing oxidation makes it a valuable component in a wide range of industrial applications, contributing to the longevity and stability of various materials.

BHT Antioxidant is commonly used in the manufacturing of plastics and resins to prevent the oxidative degradation of these materials during processing and storage.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the production of synthetic and natural rubber products, where it acts as an antioxidant to maintain their integrity and prevent cracking.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the preservation of leather and leather products, protecting them from deterioration due to exposure to air and light.
BHT Antioxidant is added to printing and copying inks to prevent the ink from undergoing color changes and degradation over time.

BHT Antioxidant is used in the formulation of cutting fluids and metalworking fluids, providing stability and preventing rancidity.
In the petroleum industry, BHT is added to lubricating oils to extend their service life and enhance their resistance to oxidation.
BHT Antioxidant is utilized in the preservation of certain adhesives and sealants, ensuring their long-term performance.

BHT Antioxidant is applied in the formulation of pesticide formulations to prevent the degradation of active ingredients and improve efficacy.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the production of candles to prevent the oxidation and discoloration of wax.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of fragrance oils and perfumes, preventing them from turning rancid.
In the production of rubber and latex gloves, BHT is used to maintain the elasticity and prevent premature aging of the materials.
BHT Antioxidant is added to polyurethane foams and elastomers to prevent oxidative degradation and maintain their physical properties.

BHT Antioxidant is employed in the preservation of electronic components and circuit boards, protecting them from environmental stress.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the formulation of metalworking coolants to prevent the growth of microorganisms and maintain fluid stability.
BHT Antioxidant is added to plastic packaging materials to prevent oxidation and maintain the freshness of packaged goods.

BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of leather goods, such as shoes and handbags, preventing deterioration from exposure to air and light.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the production of inkjet printer inks to prevent clogging and maintain print quality.

BHT Antioxidant is applied in the preservation of certain natural and synthetic fibers used in textiles to prevent degradation.
BHT Antioxidant finds use in the formulation of cutting-edge materials such as nanocomposites, enhancing their stability and longevity.
BHT Antioxidant is added to automotive fluids, including transmission fluids and brake fluids, to prevent oxidation and maintain performance.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the preservation of archival materials, including documents and manuscripts, protecting them from deterioration.

BHT Antioxidant finds application in the production of corrosion inhibitors, preventing the oxidation of metals and alloys.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the formulation of industrial coatings to enhance their resistance to environmental factors.
In the construction industry, BHT Antioxidant is applied in the preservation of certain construction materials, such as sealants and adhesives.
BHT Antioxidant is utilized in the preservation of wooden products and furniture finishes, preventing oxidative damage and discoloration.

BHT Antioxidant is commonly included in the formulation of engine oils and lubricants to protect critical components from oxidative stress and extend the lifespan of the lubricant.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of cutting tools and metal parts, preventing corrosion and maintaining their integrity.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the production of foam rubber products, including mattresses and cushions, to enhance their resistance to oxidation and degradation.

BHT Antioxidant is added to industrial paints and coatings to improve their durability and protect surfaces from environmental factors such as UV radiation.
BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of ink cartridges in printers, preventing the ink from drying out and maintaining print quality.

In the manufacturing of electronic devices, BHT is used to protect sensitive components from oxidation and ensure their long-term functionality.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of photographic films and papers, preventing degradation over time.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the formulation of metal cleaners and polishes, providing protection against tarnishing and corrosion.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the production of synthetic fuels to enhance their stability and prevent degradation during storage and transportation.

BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of natural and synthetic waxes used in candles, ensuring their resistance to oxidation and discoloration.
BHT Antioxidant is added to the formulation of printing blankets in the printing industry to prevent oxidation and maintain printing quality.
BHT Antioxidant is utilized in the preservation of certain types of wood finishes and varnishes, preventing discoloration and degradation.

In the production of polymeric materials, such as PVC, BHT is incorporated to enhance stability and resist degradation caused by exposure to heat and light.
BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of certain agricultural products, including seeds and fertilizers, preventing deterioration during storage.

BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of insulation materials for wires and cables, ensuring long-term electrical performance.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of rubber gaskets and seals, preventing cracking and loss of elasticity.
BHT Antioxidant is added to the formulation of inkjet printer cartridges to prevent the ink from drying out and ensure reliable printing.

BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of museum artifacts, protecting them from environmental factors that can cause deterioration.
In the aerospace industry, BHT is used in the formulation of lubricants and hydraulic fluids to prevent oxidation and ensure optimal performance.

BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of plastic films and sheets, enhancing their resistance to environmental factors and preventing brittleness.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of archival photographs, preventing fading and deterioration over time.
BHT Antioxidant is added to the formulation of synthetic fibers used in textiles to enhance their resistance to sunlight and environmental stress.

BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of specialty chemicals, ensuring their stability and effectiveness.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of heat transfer fluids, preventing oxidation and ensuring efficient heat exchange.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of industrial greases and metalworking compounds, preventing degradation and maintaining lubrication properties.

BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of petrochemical products, including fuels and lubricants, to prevent degradation during storage and transportation.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of hydraulic fluids, ensuring the stability and performance of hydraulic systems.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the formulation of heat transfer fluids for solar collectors and industrial processes, preventing oxidation and maintaining efficiency.
BHT Antioxidant is added to the production of synthetic rubber tires, enhancing their resistance to aging and environmental factors.

BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of industrial cutting fluids, preventing microbial growth and degradation.
BHT Antioxidant is utilized in the production of plastic and rubber conveyor belts, enhancing their durability and resistance to environmental stress.

In the paper and pulp industry, BHT is used as an antioxidant in the production of paper products to prevent deterioration.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of lubricating greases, ensuring long-term performance and preventing oxidation.
BHT Antioxidant is added to the formulation of ink for ballpoint pens, preventing the ink from drying out and ensuring smooth writing.

BHT Antioxidant is employed in the preservation of leather conditioning products, preventing rancidity and degradation.
BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of synthetic and natural waxes used in the production of crayons, ensuring color stability.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of cutting-edge materials like carbon nanotubes, preventing oxidation and maintaining their properties.

In the manufacturing of plastic pipes and tubing, BHT is incorporated to resist degradation from exposure to sunlight and environmental factors.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of industrial coolants, preventing microbial contamination and degradation.

BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of automotive coatings to enhance their resistance to weathering and maintain appearance.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of certain metalworking compounds, preventing oxidation and maintaining efficacy.
BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of silicone-based sealants and adhesives, preventing degradation and ensuring bonding performance.

BHT Antioxidant is added to the formulation of ink for flexographic printing to prevent drying and maintain print quality.
In the manufacturing of molded plastics, BHT is incorporated to resist degradation during processing and exposure.

BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of industrial solvents, preventing oxidation and maintaining solvent quality.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of anti-aging skincare products, preventing the oxidation of oils and maintaining product stability.
BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of polyurethane foam used in furniture, preventing degradation and maintaining resilience.

BHT Antioxidant is used in the formulation of ink for screen printing, preventing drying and ensuring consistent print quality.
BHT Antioxidant is added to the preservation of certain explosives, preventing degradation during storage.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of plastic containers for cosmetics, enhancing their resistance to environmental factors and maintaining product integrity.



DESCRIPTION


BHT Antioxidant, which stands for butylated hydroxytoluene, is a synthetic antioxidant that is commonly used as a food additive and in various industrial applications.
BHT Antioxidant belongs to the class of compounds known as phenolic compounds and is specifically categorized as a synthetic phenolic antioxidant.

BHT Antioxidant is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used in various industries.
Known by its abbreviation BHT, it is a white, crystalline powder with a mild characteristic odor.
BHT Antioxidant belongs to the class of phenolic antioxidants, exhibiting strong free radical scavenging properties.

BHT Antioxidant is highly soluble in organic solvents, making it versatile in formulations.
BHT Antioxidant is utilized extensively in the food industry to prevent the oxidative deterioration of fats and oils in products like snacks and cereals.
As a synthetic phenol, BHT Antioxidant is employed to extend the shelf life of packaged foods by inhibiting lipid oxidation.

Its antioxidant properties make it a popular additive in cosmetics, preserving the stability of various formulations.
BHT Antioxidant is often included in skincare and personal care products to prevent the degradation of oils and fats.

In the pharmaceutical industry, BHT is used as a stabilizer for drugs and vitamins sensitive to oxidation.
The chemical structure of BHT includes a butyl group attached to a phenol ring, contributing to its antioxidant activity.

BHT Antioxidant is recognized for its effectiveness in preventing the formation of free radicals, which can lead to oxidative stress.
BHT Antioxidant has a role in protecting rubber and plastics from degradation caused by exposure to oxygen and UV radiation.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of synthetic materials where oxidative stability is crucial, such as adhesives and sealants.
Due to its ability to scavenge free radicals, BHT is considered a valuable tool in the preservation of certain artworks and artifacts.

The antioxidant function of BHT helps maintain the quality and stability of lubricants used in machinery and engines.
BHT Antioxidant has a diverse range of applications, including its use in hydraulic fluids, jet fuels, and transformer oils.
BHT Antioxidant is known for its low volatility, which contributes to its effectiveness in high-temperature applications.

In the field of petrochemicals, BHT is employed to protect polymers and fuels from degradation during storage and transportation.
BHT Antioxidant's stability under various conditions makes it a reliable choice for applications where resistance to heat and oxidation is crucial.

Despite its widespread use, there have been discussions and studies regarding potential health concerns associated with high doses of BHT.
BHT Antioxidant has a long history of use, with its antioxidant properties first discovered in the mid-20th century.

BHT Antioxidant is listed on regulatory-approved lists for use in food and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used within specified limits.
Its versatility extends to the agricultural sector, where it is used as a preservative for certain pesticides and herbicides.
BHT Antioxidant's role as a stabilizer in the manufacturing of plastics contributes to the durability and longevity of plastic products.
While BHT Antioxidant is a valuable tool in preventing oxidative degradation, its use is subject to regulatory guidelines and specific safety considerations.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C15H24O
Molecular Weight: 220.36 g/mol
Physical State: Solid
Color: White to slightly yellow
Odor: Mild characteristic odor
Melting Point: Approximately 70-73 °C (158-163 °F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Solubility in Other Solvents: Soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, ethanol, and ethyl acetate.
Density: Approximately 1.048 g/cm³ at 25 °C (77 °F)


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Structure: BHT is a derivative of phenol with a butyl group attached to two adjacent carbon atoms on the phenol ring.
Functional Group: Phenolic antioxidant
Stability: BHT is stable under normal conditions but may decompose at elevated temperatures.
Reactivity: Exhibits antioxidant activity by donating hydrogen atoms to free radicals.
Acidity/Basicity: BHT is neutral in pH.


Thermal Properties:

Melting Range: Approximately 70-73 °C (158-163 °F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Flash Point: Not applicable (BHT is not considered flammable)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If inhaled, immediately move the person to fresh air to avoid further exposure.

Provide Artificial Respiration:
If the person is not breathing and trained to do so, provide artificial respiration.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention, especially if respiratory irritation or distress persists.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Quickly and gently remove any contaminated clothing, shoes, or accessories.

Wash Skin Thoroughly:
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.

Seek Medical Attention:
If irritation, redness, or other adverse reactions occur, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes with Water:
Immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If applicable, remove contact lenses after the initial flushing and continue rinsing.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or other eye-related symptoms persist.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse Mouth:
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention.
Provide medical personnel with information about the ingested substance.


General First Aid Measures:

Notes to Physician:
Provide the treating physician with information about the chemical and the circumstances of exposure.

Treatment of Symptoms:
Treat symptoms based on the individual's condition, and provide supportive care as necessary.

Transport to Medical Facility:
If exposure is significant or if symptoms are severe, transport the affected person to a medical facility promptly.

Monitoring:
Monitor the affected individual for any delayed or secondary health effects.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and protective eyewear, when handling BHT to prevent skin contact and eye exposure.

Ventilation:
Use adequate ventilation, such as local exhaust, to minimize the risk of inhalation exposure.
Ensure good general ventilation in the work area.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid skin contact and inhalation of vapors or dust.
Minimize exposure by using engineering controls and proper work practices.

Prevent Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling BHT.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling to prevent accidental ingestion.

Storage Compatibility:
Store BHT away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases.
Check the compatibility of storage containers and equipment.

Static Electricity:
Take precautions to prevent the buildup of static electricity.
Ground equipment and containers during transfer operations to minimize the risk of static discharge.

Handling Procedures:
Follow established handling procedures and work practices.
Adhere to safety guidelines provided by the manufacturer or regulatory authorities.

Emergency Response:
Be familiar with emergency response procedures in case of spills, leaks, or other incidents.
Have appropriate spill control measures and emergency equipment available.

Training:
Ensure that personnel handling BHT are adequately trained in its safe handling, including the use of PPE and emergency response procedures.

Monitor Exposure:
Implement monitoring programs to assess potential exposure levels in the workplace.
Adjust control measures as needed to maintain safe conditions.


Storage:

Store in Cool, Well-Ventilated Area:
Store BHT in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Maintain storage temperatures within specified ranges.

Keep Containers Closed:
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and minimize exposure to air.

Separation from Incompatibles:
Store BHT away from incompatible materials.
Clearly label storage areas to identify the nature of the stored substances.

Avoid Contamination:
Prevent contamination by storing BHT separately from other chemicals and ensuring that storage containers are clean and free of residues.

Control Humidity:
Control humidity levels in storage areas to prevent the formation of clumps or lumps in the BHT powder.

Storage Containers:
Use appropriate storage containers made of materials compatible with BHT.
Check the condition of containers regularly to ensure integrity.

Inert Gas Blanketing (Optional):
In cases where BHT is particularly sensitive to oxidation, consider using inert gas blanketing in storage containers to minimize exposure to air.

Secure Storage:
Securely store containers to prevent accidental spills or tipping.
Use appropriate storage racks or shelves.

Emergency Response Equipment:
Have appropriate emergency response equipment, such as spill containment materials and fire extinguishing equipment, readily available in storage areas.

Regular Inspections:
Conduct regular inspections of storage areas to identify and address any potential issues promptly.



SYNONYMS


Butylhydroxytoluene
Butylhydroxytoluol
BHT Antioxidant
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
Tert-Butyl-4-hydroxytoluene
DBPC (Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol)
E321 (used as an additive in the food industry)
2,6-di-tert-Butyl-p-cresol
Antracine 8
Ionol CP
Aerosol OT
Agidol
Fenol Stop
Antracine 8
Anderol 305
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol
Ionol
Alkanox 240
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene
Vanlube 81
Topanol A
Anderol 306
Ionox 330
Anderol 308
Ionol CP (Antioxidant used in the food industry)
Sustane
Tenox BHT
2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol
Antracine 8 (E 321)
Fenolit
Antioxidant 264
Ethanox 330
Topanol A (BHT)
Butylated Hydroxy Toluene
Ionol k
Dibunol
DBPC (Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol)
Kunstopal
Santowhite Powder
Anderol 305 (BHT)
Ionol 330
Vanlube RI-A
Butylhydroxytoluol
Vulkanox DHT
Naugard BHT
Chinox BHT
Polygard BHT
Antioxidant 10
Santowhite
2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol
BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL
DESCRIPTION:
BHT Butylhydroxytoluol, also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties.
BHT Butylhydroxytoluol is widely used to prevent free radical-mediated oxidation in fluids (e.g. fuels, oils) and other materials, and the regulations overseen by the U.S. F.D.A.—which considers BHT to be "generally recognized as safe"—allow small amounts to be added to foods.


CAS Number, 128-37-0
EC Number, 204-881-4
IUPAC name: 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol


SYNONYMS OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol,2,6-DI-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene,DBPC,BHT,E321,AO-29,Avox BHT,Additin RC 7110,Dibutylated hydroxytoluene,4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol,3,5-(Dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxytoluene,2,6 Di t butyl 4 methylphenol,2,6 Di tert butyl 4 methylphenol,2,6 Di tert butyl p cresol,2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol,2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol,2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol,4 Methyl 2,6 ditertbutylphenol,4-Methyl-2,6-ditertbutylphenol,BHT,Butylated Hydroxytoluene,Butylhydroxytoluene,Di tert butyl methylphenol,di-tert-butyl-methylphenol,Dibunol,Hydroxytoluene, Butylated,Ionol,Ionol (BHT),2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,128-37-0,Butylhydroxytoluene,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol,2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol,Ionol,DBPC,Stavox,BHT,Impruvol,Ionol CP,Dalpac,Deenax,Dibunol,Ionole,Kerabit,Topanol,Vianol,Antioxidant KB,Antioxidant 4K,Sumilizer BHT,Topanol O,Topanol OC,Vanlube PC,Antioxidant 29,Antioxidant 30,Antioxidant DBPC,Sustane BHT,Tenamene 3,Vanlube PCX,Nonox TBC,Tenox BHT,Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-,Chemanox 11,Agidol,Catalin CAO-3,Ionol 1,Advastab 401,3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene,BUKS,Parabar 441,Antrancine 8,Vulkanox KB,Catalin antioxydant 1,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol,2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol,Ionol (antioxidant),Paranox 441,2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol,Antioxidant MPJ,Antioxidant 4,Alkofen BP,AO 4K,CAO 1,CAO 3,Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol,Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol,Swanox BHT,Antox QT,Tenamen 3,Agidol 1,Antioxidant 264,Bht (food grade),o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol,Antioxidant T 501,Ional,Nocrac 200,AO 29,NCI-C03598,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol,2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol,Dbpc (technical grade),4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene,FEMA No. 2184,4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol,Butylhydroxytoluenum,Di-tert-butylcresol,AOX 4K,Dibutylhydroxytoluene,2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol,Ionol CP-antioxidant,P 21,2,6-DI-T-BUTYL-P-CRESOL,4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,AOX 4,Butyl hydroxy toluene,CCRIS 103,Popol,HSDB 1147,BHT 264,Bht(food grade),NSC 6347,NSC-6347,4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. Butylfenol,EINECS 204-881-4,Ionol BHT,Ralox BHT,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol,1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzen,MFCD00011644,2,6-ditertiary-butyl-p-cresol,Dbpc(technical grade),DTXSID2020216,E321,CHEBI:34247,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylhydroxybenzene,AI3-19683,p-Cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-,INS-321,1P9D0Z171K,2,6-bis(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol,2,6-Di-tert-butylcresol,CHEMBL146,Di-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol,DTXCID20216,2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol-d24,INS NO.321,E-321,FEMA 2184,NSC6347,2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol,NCGC00091761-03,Tonarol,1219805-92-1,Toxolan P,2,6-DI(TERT-BUTYL-D9)-4-METHYLPHENOL-3,5,O-D3,Caswell No. 291A,Annulex BHT,BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUENE (EP MONOGRAPH),BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUENE [EP MONOGRAPH],CAS-128-37-0,Butylohydroksytoluenu,Butylohydroksytoluenu [Polish],Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (VAN),di-tert-butyl-methylphenol,Di tert butyl methylphenol,2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol [Czech],EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 022105,2,6 Di tert butyl p cresol,UNII-1P9D0Z171K,4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol [Czech],2,6 Di t butyl 4 methylphenol,Lowinox BHT,Nipanox BHT,BHT Swanox,BHT, food grade,4-Methyl-2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol,2, food grade,2,6 Di tert butyl 4 methylphenol,3IM,Dibutyl-para-cresol,NAUGARD BHT,PERMANAX BHT,TOPANOL BHT,YOSHINOX BHT,ANTAGE BHT,TOPANOL OL,VANOX PC,IONOL K,Spectrum_001790,BHT FCC/NF,SpecPlus_000768,CATALIN CAO 3,Methyldi-tert-butylphenol,Spectrum3_001849,Spectrum5_001612,BHT [INCI],Hydagen DEO (Salt/Mix),BHT [FCC],LUBRIZOL 817,ULTRANOX 226,EC 204-881-4,2,6-di-Butyl-para-cresol,2.6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol,SCHEMBL3950,2,6-ditert-butyl-p-cresol,p-Cresol,6-di-tert-butyl-,Di-tert-Butylparamethylphenol,BSPBio_003238,KBioSS_002281,2,6-di-tert.butyl-p-cresol,IONOL 330,MLS000069425,BIDD:ER0031,DivK1c_006864,P 21 (PHENOL),SPECTRUM1600716,2,6-bis-tert-butyl-p-cresol,2,6-di-tert-butyl-paracresol,2,6-di-tert-butylmethylphenol,2,6-di-tert. butyl-p-cresol,2,6-di-tert.-butyl-p-cresol,T 501 (PHENOL),2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol,2,6-di-tert-Butyl-methylphenol,2,6-ditertbutyl-4-methylphenol,2,6-di-t butyl-4-methylphenol,2.6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol,KBio1_001808,Bio2_0022801,3-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzene / 1,3-di-tertiary-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzene / 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol / 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene / 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-cresol / 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol / 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol / 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene / 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-4-cresol / 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-4-methylphenol / 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-para-cresol / 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-para-methylphenol / 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene / 3,5-di-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene / 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tertbutyltoluene / 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tertiary-butyltoluene / 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol / 4-methyl- 2,6-di-tertiary-butylphenol / 4-methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol / 4-methyl-2,6-tertiary-butylphenol / advastab 401 / agidol / agidol 1 / alkofen BP / antioxidant 264 / antioxidant 29 / antioxidant 30 / antioxidant 4 / antioxidant 4K / antioxidant BHT / antioxidant DBPC / antioxidant KB / antrancine 8 / AO 29 / AO 4K / AO X4 / BHT / BHT butylated hydroxytoluene / BHT, food grade / BUKS / butylated hydroxytoluene / butylhydroxytoluene / CAO 1 / CAO 3 / catalin CAO-1 DBPC / catalin CAO-3 / chemanox 11 / dalpac / DBMP / DBPC / DBPC, technical grade / deenax / dibunol / dibutylated hydroxytoluene / di-tertiary-butyl-para-cresol / di-terti-butyl-p-cresol / ECA5703 / ECA6050 / ECA8165 / ECA8268 / Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. / EXA5453 / EXA703 / FEMA NO 2184 / formula nr 82300 / HK-1 / impruvol / ionol / ionol 1 / ionol BHT / ionol CP / ionol,antioxidant / ionole / kerabit / methyl di-tert-butylphenol / methyl di-tertiarybutylphenol / nocrac 200 / nonox TBC / NYRIM antioxidant / P 21 / parabar 441 / paranox 441 / phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl- / stabilizer KB / stavox / sumilizer BHT / sustane (=2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) / sustane BHT / swanox BHT / tenamene 3 / tenox BHT / topanol / topanol BHT / topanol O / topanol OC / toxolan P / vanlube PC / vanlube PCX / vianol
Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-; p-Cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-; Advastab 401; Antioxidant DBPC; Antioxidant KB; Antioxidant 29; Antioxidant 30; Antioxidant 4K; AO 29; AO 4K; Butylhydroxytoluene; BHT; BUKS; Catalin Antioxydant 1; Catalin CAO-3; Chemanox 11; CAO 1; CAO 3; Dalpac; Deenax; Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; Di-tert-butylcresol; Dibunol; Dibutylated hydroxytoluene; DBPC; Impruvol; Ionol; Ionol (Antioxidant); Ionol CP; Ionol 1; Ionole; Nonox TBC; P 21; Parabar 441; Stavox; Sumilizer BHT; Sustane BHT; Tenamene 3; Tenox BHT; Topanol; Topanol O; Topanol OC; Vanlube PC; Vanlube PCX; Vianol; 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; 4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene; 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl benzene; 2,6-di-Butyl-para-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-Butyl-methylphenol; o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; Bht(food grade); Butylated hydroxytoluol; Dbpc(technical grade); DBMP; NCI-C03598; Paranox 441; 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene; 2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol; 4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol; 4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol; Di-tert-Butylparamethylphenol; Di-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol; Phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-; 4-Methyl-2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol; Annulex BHT; Antrancine 8; Lowinox BHT; Nipanox BHT; Ralox BHT; Sustane; Vulkanox KB; BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene); 2,6-di-ter-butyl-4-methyl-phenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-para-methylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT); Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT); Dibutylhydroxytoluene; Dibutylcresol; 2,6-Bis(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di(tert-butyl)hydroxytoluene; Ionol BHT; BHT Swanox; Agidol; 2,6-di-ter-butul-4-methyl-phenol; 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert.-butylphenol; Di-ter-butyl p-cresol; butylated OH tolueno; Dibutyl-p-cresol; Ergotamine, dihydro-, monomethanesulfonate (salt); Hydagen DEO (Salt/Mix)




BHT Butylhydroxytoluol also known as butylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties.
European and U.S. regulations allow small percentages to be used as a food additive.
BHT Butylhydroxytoluol is primarily used as a food additive that exploits its antioxidant properties.
BHT Butylhydroxytoluol is used in many food applications such as food coloring and flavoring agents.




BHT Butylhydroxytoluol is a member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.
BHT Butylhydroxytoluol has a role as an antioxidant, a food additive, a ferroptosis inhibitor and a geroprotector.

BHT Butylhydroxytoluol is functionally related to a phenol.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene is a natural product found in Microcystis aeruginosa, Thymus longicaulis, and other organisms with data available.


Despite this, and the earlier determination by the National Cancer Institute that BHT was noncarcinogenic in an animal model, societal concerns over its broad use have been expressed.
BHT has also been postulated as an antiviral drug, but as of December 2022, use of BHT as a drug is not supported by the scientific literature and it has not been approved by any drug regulatory agency for use as an antiviral.


NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
Phytoplankton, including the green algae Botryococcus braunii, as well as three different cyanobacteria (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria sp.) are capable of producing BHT as a natural product.
The fruit lychee also produces BHT in its pericarp.
Several fungi (for example Aspergillus conicus) living in olives produce BHT.


PRODUCTION OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
Industrial production:
The chemical synthesis of BHT in industry has involved the reaction of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene), catalyzed by sulfuric acid:
CH3(C6H4)OH + 2 CH2=C(CH3)2 → ((CH3)3C)2CH3C6H2OH

Alternatively, BHT has been prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation followed by hydrogenolysis.

REACTIONS OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
This section relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page.
Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.
Find sources: "Butylated hydroxytoluene" – news • newspapers • books • scholar • JSTOR (March 2020)


The species behaves as a synthetic analog of vitamin E, primarily acting as a terminating agent that suppresses autoxidation, a process whereby unsaturated (usually) organic compounds are attacked by atmospheric oxygen.
BHT stops this autocatalytic reaction by converting peroxy radicals to hydroperoxides.
It effects this function by donating a hydrogen atom:
RO2• + ArOH → ROOH + ArO•
RO2• + ArO• → nonradical products
where R is alkyl or aryl, and where ArOH is BHT or related phenolic antioxidants.

Each BHT consumes two peroxy radicals.


APPLICATIONS OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
BHT is listed by the NIH Hazardous Substances Data Bank under several categories in catalogues and databases, such as food additive, household product ingredient, industrial additive, personal care product/cosmetic ingredient, pesticide ingredient, plastic/rubber ingredient and medical/veterinary/research.

Food additive:
BHT is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive.[14]
In the United States, it is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) based on a National Cancer Institute study from 1979 in rats and mice.

It is approved for use in the U.S. by the Food and Drug Administration: For example, 21 CFR § 137.350(a)(4) allows BHT up to 0.0033% by weight in "enriched rice",[16] while 9 CFR § 381.147](f)(1) allows up to 0.01% in poultry "by fat content".[17] It is permitted in the European Union under E321.

BHT is used as a preservative ingredient in some foods.
With this usage BHT maintains freshness or prevents spoilage; it may be used to decrease the rate at which the texture, color, or flavor of food changes.

Some food companies have voluntarily eliminated BHT from their products or have announced that they were going to phase it out.

Antioxidant:
BHT is also used as an antioxidant in products such as metalworking fluids, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, transformer oils, and embalming fluid.
In the petroleum industry, where BHT is known as the fuel additive AO-29, it is used in hydraulic fluids, turbine and gear oils, and jet fuels.

BHT is also used to prevent peroxide formation in organic ethers and other solvents and laboratory chemicals.
It is added to certain monomers as a polymerisation inhibitor to facilitate their safe storage.

Some additive products contain BHT as their primary ingredient, while others contain the chemical merely as a component of their formulation, sometimes alongside butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).

Cosmetics:
The European Union restricts the use of BHT in mouthwash to .001% concentration, in toothpaste to .01% concentration, and to .8% in other cosmetics


EXTRACTION AND PRESENTATION OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
BHT can be prepared in a Friedel-Crafts alkylation by reacting p -cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene) using sulfuric acid as a catalyst:
Butylhydroxytoluene is one of the chemical substances that are produced in large quantities (“ High Production Volume Chemical ”, HPVC) and for which the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) collects data on possible hazards (“ Screening Information Dataset ”, SIDS). ) was made.

USAGE OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
BHT is used in numerous consumer products, e.g. B. paints, waxes, cosmetics, medicines or packaging materials, and also used as an approved food additive under the name E 321 .
It serves primarily as an antioxidant to prevent or slow changes in products caused by atmospheric oxygen.

Its addition as a stabilizer to diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran prevents the formation of dangerous ether peroxides.
It also serves to stabilize biodiesel.
In the 1980s, the effectiveness of BHT against herpes simplex viruses in hamsters was established.
However, allergic reactions of the test subjects to BHT prevented further use in this area.


ANALYTICS OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
Lipophilic gel chromatography on Sephadex LH 20 can be used to isolate the substance from oils and fatty test materials.
The qualitative and quantitative determination can be carried out by gas chromatography.
The coupling of HPLC with mass spectrometry can also be used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of BHT after appropriate sample preparation



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
Chemical formula, C15H24O
Molar mass, 220.356 g/mol
Appearance, White to yellow powder
Odor, Slight, phenolic
Density, 1.048 g/cm3
Melting point, 70 °C (158 °F; 343 K)
Boiling point, 265 °C (509 °F; 538 K)
Solubility in water, 1.1 mg/L (20 °C)
log P, 5.32
Vapor pressure, 0.01 mmHg (20 °C)
CAS number, 128-37-0, +
Molar mass, 220.35 g mol −1
state of aggregation, fixed
density, 1.05 g cm −3
melting point, 69–70 °C
boiling point, 265°C
Vapor pressure, 0.02 hPa (20 °C) [3]2.4 hPa (100 °C)
solubility, practically insoluble in water (0.1–1.14 mg l −1 at 20 °C) [3]easily soluble in ethanol (250 g l −1 ) [4]soluble in fats
Refractive index, 1.4859 (75°C)
Molecular Weight
220.35 g/mol
XLogP3-AA
5.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
1
Rotatable Bond Count
2
Exact Mass
220.182715385 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
220.182715385 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count
16
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
207
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Boiling point, 265 °C (1013 hPa)
Density, 1.03 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point, 127 °C
Ignition temperature, 345 °C
Melting Point, 69.8 °C
Vapor pressure, 0.39 Pa (298 K)
Bulk density, 450 kg/m3
Solubility, Assay (GC), ≥ 99.0 %
Assay (HPLC), 99.0 - 101.5 %
Identity (Identification 1 (JPE)), passes test
Identity (IR-spectrum), passes test
Identity (Identification 2 (JPE)), passes test
Identity (HPLC), passes test
Appearance, White to yellowish crystalline powder.
Appearance of solution (100 g/l, Methanol (Ph Eur)), Clear and not more intense in color than reference solutionY₅ or BY₅.
Appearance of solution (100 g/l, Ethanol (95 %) (JPE)), Clear and colorless.
Solidification temperature, 69.2 - 70.0 °C
Melting point, 69.5 - 72.0 °C
Absorption maximum λmax. (Ethanol abs.), 277 - 279 nm
Specific absorptivity A 1%/1cm (λmax.; 0.02 g/l; ethanol abs.), 81 - 88
Specific Absorptivity A 1%/1cm (λ278 nm; 0.05 g/l; ethanol (95 %)), 82 - 88
Heavy metals (as Pb), ≤ 20 ppm
Sulfate (SO₄), ≤ 150 ppm
As (Arsenic), ≤ 3 ppm
Hg (Mercury), ≤ 1 ppm
Pb (Lead), ≤ 2 ppm
p-Cresol, ≤ 0.1 %
Methanol (HS-GC), ≤ 3000 ppm
Toluene (HS-GC), ≤ 890 ppm
Related substances (TLC), ≤ 0.5 %
Related substances (HPLC) (p-Cresol or m-cresol), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (2-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol or 2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy benzaldehyde), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (4,6-Di-tert-butyl-m-cresol), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (Any unspecified impurity), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (Sum of all impurities), ≤ 0.7 %
Other residual solvents (ICH Q3C), excluded by the production process
Sulfated ash (600 °C), ≤ 0.002 %
Water (according to Karl Fischer), ≤ 0.2 %



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product




BIOBAN DB 20
Bioban db 20 Antimicrobial is an effective, fast-acting, non-oxidizing, formaldehyde-free biocide compatible with many applications.
Bioban db 20 for industrial use Antimicrobial is a non-oxidizing and non-sensitizing sump side biocide that aggressively combats the contamination that can negatively impact metalworking operations and final product quality.
Bioban db 20 is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.

CAS numbers: 25322-68-3 (>=46.5-<=54.5%),10222-01-2 (20%),7647-15-6 (<=4.0%)

2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Dbnpa, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, FT-0612090, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa

Bioban db 20 acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
Bioban db 20 by LANXESS is 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol (bronopol)grade.
Bioban db 20 offers broad-spectrum bacterial efficacy, inhibits bacterial growth during the storage and use of water-based printing inks.
Compatible with all types of metalworking fluids, BBioban db 20 is fast acting and can reduce a heavy bio burden within hours when a preservative can be added to the sump.

Bioban db 20 is recommended for paints, coatings, latex, inks, electrodeposition and mineral slurries.
Bioban db 20 is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.

Bioban db 20 is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
Bioban db 20 is a water-soluble compound with a high solubility in water and other organic solvents.
Bioban db 20 has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.

Bioban db 20 is not toxic to animals and humans, although it may cause skin irritation or eye damage.
Bioban db 20 is a fast-kill biocide which will hydrolyzes very easily under both acidic and alkaline conditions.

Bioban db 20 is warmly welcomed because of for its instability property in water.
Bioban db 20 will kill bacterial and then quickly degrades to form a number of chemicals.
Bioban db 20 works just like the typical halogen biocides.

Bioban db 20 is utilized in many areas. For example, it found its application in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
Bioban db 20 is also applied as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
Bioban db 20 is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H2Br2N2O.

Bioban db 20 is commonly known as DBNPA, which stands for 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-N,N-dimethylacetamide.
This enterprise is engaged in the research and development, production and sales of Bioban db 20.
In order to improve market competition, company build core competitiveness by the excellent Bioban db 20 quality.

Bioban db 20 Water Treatment Microbiocide is a formulation containing 20% active ingredient, DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Cas Reg. No. 10222-01-2).
Bioban db 20 can be used as an additive in wastewater treatment to reduce the concentration of organic matter by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
Bioban db 20 also has been shown to be effective as a biocide for disinfecting medical equipment or surfaces.

Effective at low levels, Bioban db 20 combined with lower levels of existing preservatives can help reduce long-term preservative costs for end-users
Bioban db 20, also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized by reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide.
Bioban db 20 is crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.

Bioban db 20 or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
Disinfectants and algaecides not intended for direct application to humans or animals.
Bioban db 20s used for the disinfection of surfaces, materials, equipment and furniture which are not used for direct contact with food or feeding stuffs.

Bioban db 20 usage areas include, inter alia, swimming pools, aquariums, bathing and other waters; air conditioning systems; and walls and floors in private, public, and industrial areas and in other areas for professional activities.
Bioban db 20s used for disinfection of air, water not used for human or animal consumption, chemical toilets, waste water, hospital waste and soil.
Bioban db 20 provides broad-spectrum control of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae.

Bioban db 20 has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the true algae.
Bioban db 20 water treatment microbiocide is an aqueous formulation containing a 20% w/w concentration of DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide).
Bioban db 20 is a broad spectrum biocide offering rapid control of bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae.

Bioban db 20 is a non-oxidizing and highly effective biocide with proven performance in the past 5 decades.
Bioban db 20 belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.
Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.

Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on Bioban db 20.
Bioban db 20 is a chemical compound used as a broad-spectrum biocide and preservative in various industries.
Bioban db 20 has applications in water treatment, paper manufacturing, textiles, and personal care products.

Bioban db 20 exhibits antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Safety precautions should be followed when handling this chemical, including the use of gloves and protective eyewear.
Bioban db 20 should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.

Bioban db 20 has low solubility in water and is considered to have low toxicity levels.
However, proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize environmental impact.
Bioban db 20 is white crystals.

Bioban db 20 is soluble in acetone, polyethyleneglycol, benzene, ethanol, etc. The 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) solubility is soluble in common organic solvents and slightly soluble in water.
Bioban db 20 biocide is stable in acidic conditions and decomposed in alkaline conditions or the presence of hydrogen sulfide.
Products used as algaecides for treatment of swimming pools, aquariums and other waters and for remedial treatment of construction materials.

Bioban db 20s used to be incorporated in textiles, tissues, masks, paints and other articles or materials with the purpose of producing treated articles with disinfecting properties.
Bioban db 20 is used for the disinfection of equipment, containers, consumption utensils, surfaces or pipework associated with the production, transport, storage or consumption of food or feed (including drinking water) for humans and animals.
Products used to impregnate materials which may enter into contact with food.

Product-type 6: Preservatives for products during storage
Bioban db 20 is used for the preservation of manufactured products, other than foodstuffs, feedingstuffs, cosmetics or medicinal products or medical devices by the control of microbial deterioration to ensure their shelf life.
Bioban db 20 can penetrate the cytocyst of microbes quickly and kill them by reacting with some proteins in it, stopping the redox of cells.

Bioban db 20 solid biocide has a good stripping property, little poison, and no foam in the system.
The organic solutions can be miscible with water.
Bioban db 20 is a white to off-white crystalline powder.

Melting point 125℃, soluble in ordinary organic solvents (such as Acetone, Benzene, Dimethylformamide, Ethanol,Polyethylene glycol, etc.).
Bioban db 20 is aqueous solution is stable under acidic condition, and easy to hydrolyze under alkaline condition.
The dissolution rate can be greatly accelerated by increasing pH value, heating, UV light or fluorescence irradiation.

Bioban db 20 exhibits stability over a range of temperatures, allowing for effective microbial control in both warm and cold water systems.
Bioban db 20 is commonly used in industrial water treatment processes, such as cooling water systems in power plants and manufacturing facilities.
Bioban db 20 is effectiveness in preventing biofouling makes it valuable for maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.

Bioban db 20 is utilized in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery operations.
Bioban db 20 is generally compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing for integration into comprehensive water treatment programs.
Users should be aware of regulatory requirements associated with the use of Bioban db 20 in specific industries and regions.

Easy to be reduced agent, such as Hydrogen sulfide de-bromine into non-toxic Cyanoacetate amine, so that the sterilization rate is greatly reduced.
Bioban db 20 acts as a biocide by releasing bromine in water.
Bioban db 20 is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.

Bioban db 20 provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.
The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide
Bioban db 20 is incompatible with bases, metals, oxidizing agents, acids.

Dangerous gases may accumulate as a result of ignition and fire.
Bioban db 20 can penetrate microbial cell membrane rapidly and act on certain protein genes, and normal redox of syncytial cells is terminated.
Bioban db 20, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamidecan also selectively brominate or oxidize special enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, leading to cell death

Bioban db 20, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide has a broad spectrum of performance, and has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and other pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.
Bioban db 20, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide is characterized by a very fast sterilization speed and high efficiency, with a sterilization rate of more than 98% in 5-10 minutes.
Compared with other three bactericide products, the results show that when the same bactericidal effect is achieved, the dosage of Bioban db 20, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamideis used the smallest, far less than the other three fungicides

After sterilization, Bioban db 20, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide can be rapidly degraded into carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromine salts, which will not cause the accumulation of harmful ions in the water body, have no impact on the environment, and make the emission unlimited.
This is a significant feature of organic bromine bactericides different from other non-oxidative bactericides.
The bromine interferes with the enzymes and proteins in microorganisms, disrupting their cellular functions and leading to their destruction.

This mode of action makes Bioban db 20 effective against a wide range of microorganisms.
Bioban db 20 is known for its broad-spectrum activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae.
This versatility contributes to its use in various industrial and water treatment applications.

Bioban db 20 is recognized for its fast-acting properties, providing rapid microbial control.
These broad spectrum biocides are DFE (Design for Environment) approved, and are well-recognized for material preservation and antimicrobial protections.
Bioban db 20 is used as preservatives for the storage or use of rodenticide, insecticide or other baits.

Bioban db 20 is a broad-spectrum non-food biocide.
Bioban db 20 is highly soluble in water and in some organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol.
There is little information published on its environmental fate.

Bioban db 20 is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms.
Bioban db 20 has a moderate human oral toxicity, may be a reproduction/developmental toxin and is a recognised irritant.
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.

Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
Bioban db 20 is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
Bioban db 20 can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

Bioban db 20 is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
Bioban db 20 has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.
Bioban db 20 has a broad spectrum of bactericidal properties. It has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.

Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
solubilit: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to crystal
pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820

Bioban db 20 Antimicrobial is effective and environmentally friendly as a biocide when properly administered.
However, the active component, dibromonitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), is temperature sensitive and will decompose exothermically (liberate heat) at elevated temperatures.
Can clean up fouled systems where high levels of organics, slime and biomass are present.

Bioban db 20 or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
Bioban db 20 is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
Bioban db 20 acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

Bioban db 20 is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
Bioban db 20 is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.

Controls bacteria, fungi and algae in industrial processes and water systems including: paper mills, industrial cooling water systems.
In addition, its decomposition rate increases with increasing temperature once the exothermic reaction begins.
If Bioban db 20 is stored under adiabatic conditions, that is, where the heat cannot be removed or dissipated rapidly enough, the liquid temperature in the container will increase with decomposition, and this in turn will increase the decomposition rate.

To ensure safe handling and product quality, Bioban db 20 is important to determine which storage systems are nearly adiabatic, and once identified, to monitor the temperature within those storage containers.
Bioban db 20 is characterized by extremely fast sterilization and high efficiency.
The sterilization rate can reach over 99% in 5~10 minutes.

This includes evaluating potential impacts on human health, worker safety, and the environment.
Bioban db 20 should maintain comprehensive records of its application, including dosages, monitoring results, and any adverse effects observed.
Documentation is crucial for regulatory compliance, troubleshooting, and future reference.

Developing an emergency response plan for accidental spills or releases of Bioban db 20 is essential.
This plan should include procedures for containment, cleanup, and reporting to relevant authorities.
Personnel handling Bioban db 20 should receive proper education and training on its safe use, potential hazards, and emergency procedures.

This helps minimize the risk of accidents and ensures that users are equipped to handle the substance responsibly.
Disposal of unused or expired Bioban db 20 should be carried out in accordance with local regulations.
Users should contact waste disposal authorities to determine the appropriate methods for handling and disposing of the substance.

Bioban db 20's efficacy can be influenced by temperature, and its activity may vary across different temperature ranges.
Bioban db 20 is important to consider the temperature conditions of the water system when applying DBNPA and adjust dosages accordingly.
Regular monitoring of microbial populations in treated water systems is important. Monitoring helps assess the effectiveness of Bioban db 20 and allows for adjustments to prevent the development of microbial resistance.

Bioban db 20 may be used in combination with other water treatment chemicals for synergistic effects.
Synergistic formulations can enhance the overall performance and efficacy, providing a comprehensive solution to microbial control.
Accurate dosage control is critical for optimizing Bioban db 20's effectiveness and avoiding overdosing or underdosing.

Automated dosing systems can help ensure precise and consistent application.
Bioban db 20 is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment.
This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies.

Bioban db 20 is degraded by reactions with water, nucleophiles, and UV light (rate is dependent on pH and temperature). The approximate half-life is 24 hr @ pH 7, 2 hr @ pH 8, 15 min @ pH 9.
The vast majority of microorganisms that come into contact with it are killed within 5 to 10 minutes.

In addition to documenting Bioban db 20 usage, it is important to keep detailed records of the entire water treatment program.
This includes information on other chemicals used, maintenance activities, and any observed changes in water quality.
Bioban db 20 is sometimes used in water treatment processes, including those involving reverse osmosis systems.

Compatibility with RO membranes and potential impacts on system performance should be assessed.
Bioban db 20 is known for leaving low residuals, monitoring residual levels in treated water is still important.
Understanding the persistence of DBNPA residues can guide decisions regarding reapplication and additional treatments.

Bioban db 20 finds application in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems.
In recirculating cooling water systems, Bioban db 20 can help prevent biofouling and microbial contamination.
However, the effectiveness may be influenced by factors such as water chemistry and system design.

Depending on the location and industry, compliance with international standards and regulations related to water quality, biocide usage, and environmental impact is crucial. Users should stay informed about regional requirements.
Ongoing research and development in the field of water treatment may introduce new formulations or technologies.
Staying updated on industry advancements can provide insights into optimizing water treatment strategies.

Bioban db 20 was compared to the other three biocides.
The results showed that when the same bactericidal effect was achieved,Bioban db 20 was used at a dose of the only 7.5ppm, which is much lower than the other three fungicides.
Bioban db 20 is a new type of highly effective bactericidal algaecide and water treatment agent.

Bioban db 20 has the advantages of high efficiency and broad spectrum, easy to degrade, no residual residue, no pollution to the environment, etc. At the same time, it also has a multi-effect function such as sterilization and algae killing, descaling and corrosion inhibition, etc. value.
Bioban db 20 is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
Bioban db 20 can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

Bioban db 20 is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
Bioban db 20 has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.
Bioban db 20 is commonly employed in the paper and pulp industry for the preservation of process waters, as well as to prevent microbial growth in paper and wood products.

Bioban db 20 is effectiveness in controlling a broad spectrum of microorganisms is particularly valuable in these manufacturing processes.
Bioban db 20's biocidal performance can be influenced by factors such as temperature, water hardness, and organic content.
Understanding how these factors affect the efficacy of Bioban db 20 in a specific application is important for optimal performance.

Users should consider the compatibility of Bioban db 20 with materials commonly used in water systems, such as metals and elastomers.
In relation to tank size, heat transfer from a bulk liquid decreases as its total volume increases.
When volume increases relative to a surface area, there is a “self-insulating” effect, allowing temperature to build up within the storage facility.

Uses:
Bioban db 20 can be used in reverse osmosis systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofouling, maintaining the efficiency of the membranes.
Bioban db 20 is commonly applied in cooling tower water treatment to prevent microbial growth, biofouling, and corrosion.
Bioban db 20 helps maintain the efficiency of cooling systems by controlling microbiological contamination.

Bioban db 20 may be used in hydrotesting fluids, which are employed to pressure test pipelines and vessels.
Bioban db 20 helps prevent microbial contamination in the testing process.
In hydraulic systems, Bioban db 20 can be used to control microbial growth in hydraulic fluids, ensuring the stability and performance of the fluid over time.

Bioban db 20 may find application in automotive antifreeze and coolant systems to inhibit microbial growth and prevent contamination in the coolant circulating through the engine.
Bioban db 20 is sometimes used in fire sprinkler systems to prevent microbial contamination in the water that would be released in case of a fire.
Bioban db 20 can be applied in oil and gas production pipelines to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and inhibit microbial growth that could lead to pipeline degradation.

In geothermal heating and cooling systems, Bioban db 20 can be utilized to prevent microbial fouling and contamination in the water circulating through the system.
Bioban db 20 may be used in desalination plants to prevent microbial fouling on membranes and other components in the water treatment process.
Bioban db 20 is employed in some nuclear power plants to control microbial growth in cooling water systems and prevent biofouling on heat exchange equipment.

Bioban db 20 is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.
The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.
Bioban db 20 may find application in water treatment processes within the food and beverage industry to control microbial contamination in processing water.
In healthcare settings, Bioban db 20 can be used in water treatment to control microbial growth in hospital water systems, including cooling towers and distribution systems.

Bioban db 20 is effective in preventing biofouling and microbial contamination in recirculating water systems used in various industrial processes.
As the biocides in broad-spectrum, Bioban db 20 biocide is widely used in industrial circulating water systems, large air-condition, and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganisms and alga and shuck off clay.
Bioban db 20 is also used in the process of papermaking to prevent reducing the quality of paper by the generation of microorganisms.

This halogen biocide is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex, and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
Bioban db 20 has the following advantages: easy to handle; no unusual oxidation hazards; similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications; used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
Bioban db 20 has exhibited outstanding efficiency against bio-films and a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.

Bioban db 20 series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch, and mineral slurries.
Bioban db 20 is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
Bioban db 20 is used in water treatment process.

Bioban db 20 a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
Bioban db 20 may be applied in cooling systems associated with medical equipment to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the equipment's performance.
Bioban db 20 can be incorporated into various disinfectant and biocide formulations used for diverse applications, including surface disinfection and antimicrobial treatments.

Bioban db 20 may be used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to prevent microbial growth in air washer systems and cooling coils.
Bioban db 20 can be applied in various manufacturing processes where water is used as a coolant or processing medium to prevent microbial contamination.
Bioban db 20 is widely used in industrial circulating water system, large air-condition and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganism and alga and shuck off clay.

Bioban db 20 is also used in the process of paper making to prevent reducing quality of paper by generation of microorganism.
Bioban db 20 is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
Bioban db 20 has following advantages :Easy to handle .No unusual oxidation hazards.

Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.
Bioban db 20 is used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
Bioban db 20 has exhibited outstanding efficacy against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus and yeasts.

Bioban db 20 series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch and mineral slurries.
Bioban db 20 is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum, and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
Bioban db 20 is a broad spectrum and efficient industrial fungicide, used to prevent bacteria and algae in paper making, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricating oil, pulp, wood, coating and plywood growth and reproduction, and can be used as mud control agent, widely used in paper mill pulp and circulating cooling water system.

As a broad-spectrum and highly effective biocide, Bioban db 20 can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act as a certain protein group to stop the normal REDOX of cells, thus causing cell death.
Bioban db 20 is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial bactericide, used to prevent the growth and reproduction of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
Bioban db 20 can also be used as a slime control agent.

Bioban db 20 is employed in wood preservation treatments to prevent the growth of fungi and decay-causing microorganisms in wood products, enhancing their longevity.
In certain formulations of adhesives and sealants, Bioban db 20 may be used to inhibit the growth of microbes, maintaining the integrity of the product.
Bioban db 20 is utilized in the textile industry to control microbial contamination in water systems used in textile processing and to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria on textiles.

In the leather industry, Bioban db 20 may be used to control microbial growth in water systems and prevent the degradation of hides and skins.
Bioban db 20 can be incorporated into cleaning and sanitizing formulations to enhance their efficacy by preventing microbial contamination in the cleaning solutions.
In the production of fuel ethanol, Bioban db 20 may be used to control microbial contamination in fermentation processes and storage systems.

Bioban db 20 is applied in air washer systems, such as those used in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, to prevent microbial growth and maintain indoor air quality.
Bioban db 20 may be used in certain marine antifouling paints to prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls and underwater structures.
In swimming pools and spas, Bioban db 20 can be used as a biocide to control microbial contamination, ensuring the safety and hygiene of the water.

Bioban db 20 is widely used in pulp and circulating cooling water system in paper mills.
As a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency biocide, it can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
At the same time, its branches can selectively bromide or oxidize the special enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, which will eventually lead to the death of microorganisms.

Bioban db 20 has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid product and water can be dissolved in any ratio, low toxicity.
Mainly used as a non-food biocide within the paper industry and as preservatives for coatings and slurries.
Bioban db 20 is used in formulating biocides.

Bioban db 20 is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Bioban db 20 is used in various industrial processes, such as cooling water systems, pulp and paper processing, oilfield operations, and metalworking fluids, to control microbial growth and prevent biofouling.
Bioban db 20 is known for its chemical stability, allowing for effective microbial control over a range of environmental conditions.

Bioban db 20 is water-soluble, which makes it suitable for use in water-based formulations.
When used as a water treatment slime stripper, the Bioban db 20 is added at a concentration of 30~50 mg/L.
Bioban db 20 is widely used as a biocide in water treatment applications, particularly in cooling water systems.

Bioban db 20 helps control the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae in water, preventing biofouling and maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
In the pulp and paper industry, Bioban db 20 is employed to preserve process waters and prevent microbial contamination in paper and wood products.
Bioban db 20 finds application in the oil and gas industry, including its use in hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems, where controlling microbial growth is essential.

Bioban db 20 is used as preservatives for coatings, slurries and to control microbial fouling in paper mills, oil field and leather process.
Bioban db 20 is used as pharmaceutical intermediates bactericidal algae killer industrial sewage treatment agent, this product is a broad spectrum of high efficiency biocide.
Bioban db 20 is a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.

Safety Profile:
Bioban db 20 may be toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.
Bioban db 20 can affect the central nervous system and other organs.
Bioban db 20 can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.

Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to more severe effects.
Bioban db 20 has the potential to cause skin sensitization, leading to allergic reactions in some individuals upon contact.

Bioban db 20 may have adverse effects on the environment.
Bioban db 20 can be harmful to aquatic life and other ecosystems if released into water bodies.
BIOTERGE AS 40
Bioterge AS 40 is an aqueous solution of alpha olefin sulfonate which is produced by the continuous sulfonataion of alpha olefins via Stepan's falling film which minimizes the formation of disulfonates thereby offering a consistent high quality product.


CAS Number: 68439-57-6
EC Number: 270-407-8
INCI Name: Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate
Molecular Formula: C14H27NaO3S / C14H29NaO4S



Alkenes, C14-16 α-, sulfonated, sodium salts, Sulfochem AOS-K, C14-C16-Alkanehydroxysulfonic Acids Sodium Salts, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, AOS, Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C 14 - 16 Olefin Sulfonate, 68439-57-6, 270-407-8, BIO TERGE AS-40, BIO-TERGE AS-90 BEADS, CALSOFT AOS-40, JEENATE AOS-40, NANSA LSS480, NIKKOL OS-14, NORFOX ALPHA XL, RHODACAL A-246 L, RHODACAL LSS-40, SODIUM C14-16 ALPHA-OLEFIN SULFONATE, SODIUM C14-16 ALPHA-OLEFIN SULPHONATE, SODIUM C14-16 OLEFIN SULFONATE [INCI], SODIUM C14-16 OLEFIN SULPHONATE, SODIUM OLEFIN(C14-16) SULFONATE, SODIUM TETRADECENESULFONATE, SODIUM TETRADECENESULPHONATE, Α-alkenyl sulfonate (AOS), C14-C16-Alkanehydroxysulfonic acids sodium salts, alpha-olefin, Bio-Terge AS-40K,α- olefin sulfonate, SODIUM A-OLEFIN SULFONATE, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate(AOS), SODIUMC14-16OLEFINSULPHONATE, SodiumAlpha-OlefineSulfonate, sodium c14-16 olefin sulfonate, Sodium (2E)-2-tetradecene-1-sulfonate, 2-Tetradecene-1-sulfonic acid, sodium salt, (2E)- (1:1), EINECS 270-407-8, Alkenes, C14-16 alpha-, sulfonated, sodium salts, Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts, Sodium (C14-16) olefin sulfonate, Sodium C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-olefin sulfonates, Mixed alkyl sulfates, Alfanox 46 (KAO), Alkenes, C14-16 .alpha.-, sulfonated, sodium salts, alpha-Alkenylsulfonat-Natrium +, Hydroxyalkansulfonat-Natrium, alpha-Olefinsulfonat-Natriumsalz, Alpha-olefinsulfonic acid sodium salt, AOS, Hostapur OS, Sodium alpha-olefin (C14-16) sulfonate, Sodium olefin (C14-16) sulfonate, POWDERS OF PETROCHEMICAL LINEAR ALPHA OLEFIN SOLFONATE, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Powder, Sodium c14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, C14-C16-Alkanehydroxysulfonic acids sodium salts, Sulfonic acids C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts, Sodium alpha-olefin Sulfonate, α-Olefin sulfonates (AOS), Alpha-olefin sulfonate, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate 40% (AOS 40%), sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate (C14-16), Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate, Sulfonic acids, Alpha Olefin (Sodium C14-16 alpha olefin sulfonate), foaming agent, sodium salts, AOS powder, AOS/35%/92%/40%/38%,
sodium salts (68439-57-6), C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts, sodium alpha-olefin (c14-16) sulfonate, Sodium C14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts, AOS, Bioterge AS-40, Unichem AOS, Uniterge AS-40, Sodium C14-16 olefin sulfonate, Alpha-OlefinC14-C16, Sulfonated Sodium Salt, Α-alkenyl sulfonate (AOS), C14-C16-Alkanehydroxysulfonic acids sodium salts, alpha-olefin, Bio-Terge AS-40K, α- olefin sulfonate, SODIUM A-OLEFIN SULFONATE, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate(AOS), SODIUMC14-16OLEFINSULPHONATE, SodiumAlpha-OlefineSulfonate, sodium c14-16 olefin sulfonate, Sodium (2E)-2-tetradecene-1-sulfonate,2-Tetradecene-1-sulfonic acid, sodium salt, (2E)- (1:1), EINECS 270-407-8, C14-16-alkanehydroxysulfonic acids and C14-16-alkene derivs., sodium salts, Sodium a-olefin (C14-C16) sulfonate, Sodium tetradecene sulfonate, Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts, Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts, Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts,Sodium C14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Powder,



Bioterge AS 40 is an ideal surfactant for a variety of detergent and personal care applications including hand soaps, shampoos, and bath products.
Bioterge AS 40 offers the formulator excellent viscosity and foam characteristics, as well as improved mildness over lauryl sulfates.
Bioterge AS 40 is more stable than alcohol sulfates over a broad pH range.


Bioterge AS 40 acts as an ideal surfactant.
Bioterge AS 40 provides excellent viscosity and foam characteristics.
Bioterge AS 40 possesses mildness and biodegradability.


Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant providing excellent viscosity, foam characteristics and mildness.
Bioterge AS 40 is also known as a foam booster.
Bioterge AS 40 is a pale yellow 40% aqueous solution of sodium C14-16 alpha-olefin sulfonate.


Bioterge AS 40 is the anion surfactant that is obtained by caustic soda neutralization of direct sulfonated Alpha Olefin of C14, C16 chain lengths.
Bioterge AS 40 has excellent wetting property, detergency, foaming ability and stability, and Emulsifying power.
Bioterge AS 40 also has good cleansing properties and is effective at removing dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair.


Bioterge AS 40 is the anion surfactant that is obtained by caustic soda neutralization of direct sulfonated Alpha Olefin of C14, C16 chain lengths.
Bioterge AS 40 can exhibit the outstanding cleansing power, foaming ability and also show more stable than alcohol sulfate in variable pH range.
Bioterge AS 40 is ideal for use in shampoos and hand soaps.


Bioterge AS 40 has excellent wetting property, detergency, foaming ability and stability, and Emulsifying power.
Bioterge AS 40 also has excellent calcium soap dispersibility, hard water Resisitency.
Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant processed by a-olefin gas-phase sulfonation and continuous neutralization.


Bioterge AS 40 combines the advantages of high foaming power, good emulsification, mildness to the skin, and excellent lime soap dispersion to give the formulator maximum flexibility in the preparation of light and heavy-duty cleaners.
If Bioterge AS 40 freezes it may alter the product's functionality


Bioterge AS 40 mades primarily from coconut oils. .
Bioterge AS 40 has the ability to transform any ordinary liquid soap into a luscious bubble bath or shower gel!
Bioterge AS 40 is a clear Liquid: Pale Yellow to Light Amber.


Bioterge AS 40 is a mixture of long chain sulfonate salts prepared bysulfonation of C14-16 alpha olefins.
Bioterge AS 40 consists chiefly of sodium alkene sulfonates and sodiumhydroxyalkane sulfonates.
Bioterge AS 40, also known as sodium olefin sulfonate or AOS, is a synthetic surfactant commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.


Bioterge AS 40 is derived from the sulfonation of hydrocarbon chains obtained from olefins, which are typically derived from petroleum.
Bioterge AS 40 has excellent foaming and lathering properties, which makes it an ideal choice for personal care products that require a rich, luxurious lather.


Bioterge AS 40 is a mild anionic surfactant with excellent viscosity and foam characteristics.
Bioterge AS 40 offers good solubility in water, high surface activity, enhanced detergency and foamability, compatability with all other types of surfactants, low sensitivity to water hardness, high level of biodegradability and low irritation and ecotoxicity.


Bioterge AS 40 is an aqueous solution of alpha olefin sulfonate which is produced by the continuous sulfonataion of alpha olefins via Stepan's falling film which minimizes the formation of disulfonates thereby offering a consistent high quality product.
Bioterge AS 40 is a top performing high active specialty anionic surfactant used in a variety of products.


Bioterge AS 40 is a very effective and economical, and versatile, biodegradable surfactant.
Bioterge AS 40 has excellent wetting, foaming, properties in alkaline, acid, or neutral products and in the presence of metallic salts commonly found in hard waters.


Bioterge AS 40 increases foam volume and improves dispersion of the dirt.
Bioterge AS 40 is an aqueous solution of sodium olefin sulfonate which is produced by the continuous sulfonation of alpha olefins via Stepan’s falling film process.


Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant -sodium α- olefin sulfonate (AOS).
Bioterge AS 40 has excellent flash foam properties, and has improved mildness over lauryl sulfates.
Also, Bioterge AS 40 is hydrolytically stable over a broader pH range than lauryl and lauryl ether sulfates.


Bioterge AS 40 is sulfate free and biodegradable.
Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant providing excellent viscosity, foaming and mildness.
Bioterge AS 40 may freeze and separate in transit.


Bioterge AS 40 is clear and may not be reflected in image.
Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant providing excellent viscosity, foaming and mildness.
Bioterge AS 40 is coconut based as it is derived from Oleic Acid.


Bioterge AS 40 may freeze and separate in transit.
Bioterge AS 40 is a colourless/yellow clear liquid.
Bioterge AS 40 has odour slight surfactant.


Active matter of Bioterge AS 40 is approx 35%.
Bioterge AS 40 has good solvency and compatibility , rich and fine foam, easily biodegradable , low toxicity.
Bioterge AS 40 is a mixture of long chain sulfonate salts prepared bysulfonation of C14-16 alpha olefins.


Bioterge AS 40 consists chiefly of sodium alkene sulfonates and sodiumhydroxyalkane sulfonates.
Bioterge AS 40, also known as sodium olefin sulfonate or AOS, is a synthetic surfactant commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.


Bioterge AS 40 is derived from the sulfonation of hydrocarbon chains obtained from olefins, which are typically derived from petroleum.
Bioterge AS 40 has excellent foaming and lathering properties, which makes it an ideal choice for personal care products that require a rich, luxurious lather.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BIOTERGE AS 40:
Bioterge AS 40 is used in hand soaps, shampoos, and bath products.
Bioterge AS 40 is an ideal surfactant for a variety of personal care applications, including shampoo, soaps, body wash, and facial cleanser.
Bioterge AS 40 stands as an anionic surfactant that offers remarkable viscosity, foam characteristics, and mildness.


This makes Bioterge AS 40 an excellent candidate for an array of hi&i cleaning and personal care applications, as well as applications in agriculture formulations and construction products like concrete bases, firefighting foams, and dust control.
Bioterge AS 40 is also suitable for use in acidic formulations such as those containing alpha hydroxyl acids or salicylic acid.


Bioterge AS 40 is perfect for sulfate-free personal care and detergent products.
Bioterge AS 40 is a mild anionic, high-foaming & well-emulsifying surfactant.
Bioterge AS 40's an ideal surfactant for a variety of detergent and personal care applications including hand soaps, shampoos, and bath products.


Especially in the application of non-phosphorus detergents, Bioterge AS 40 has not only good washing ability but also good compatibility with enzyme agents.
Bioterge AS 40 is widely used in non-phosphorus washing powder, liquid detergents and home washing products, hair shampoo, face cleaning etc.
Bioterge AS 40 is also used textile, printing and dyeing industry, petrochemical products, industrial hard surface cleaning agents etc.


Bioterge AS 40 is used anionic surfactant, shampoo, body wash bath gel, and oil-displacing agent, foam boost agent for increasing oil recovery.
Liquid detergent application of Bioterge AS 40: Due to the greater irritation of LAS, many detergents do not use LAS as an active ingredient, while Bioterge AS 40 has a low irritative property and good biodegradability, making it a more suitable alternative.


Bioterge AS 40 has excellent emulsifying, wetting, densifying, foaming, decontaminating and calcium soap dispersing performances.
Bioterge AS 40 has good solvency and good compatibility with enzyme agents.
Bioterge AS 40 is recommended for shampoos, shower gels and hand soaps.


Bioterge AS 40 offers the formulator excellent viscosity and foaming characteristics, as well as mildness.
Foam Booster offers superior stability over alcohol sulfates over a broad pH range.
Bioterge AS 40 is used Economical and high-performing sulfate-free,
biodegradable shampoos, Hand soaps and shower gels, Car washing compounds, Light-duty liquid detergents, Heavy-duty laundry detergents, and Shampoo bars.


Bioterge AS 40 can be used in a variety of personal care, and household applications.
Try Bioterge AS 40 in your facial cleansers, body washes, bubble bars, bubbly foamy bath salts, bubble bath powders, bath bombs, your favorite bar soaps, even laundry and dish detergents, and much more.


Bioterge AS 40 is recommended for Household cleaning products such as liquid detergents and cleaning products, Institutional and industrial cleaning products, Personal care products, Agricultural formulations, Construction products such as concrete density improver, foam wall panels and fire fighting foaming agent, In the textile printing and dyeing industry, Petrochemicals, Tertiary oil recovery and industrial cleaning.


Bioterge AS 40 is a great surfactant that helps remove dirt, pollutants and buildup from the hair and scalp.
Mostly present in hair care products, Bioterge AS 40 can also be used in skin care and cosmetics.
Bioterge AS 40 is a pretty effective cleansing agent with good foaming properties.


In its raw form, Bioterge AS 40 has the look of a fine white powder.
Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant and can be called AOS, having excellent decontamination, foaming and emulsification capacity and foaming stability.
Bioterge AS 40 is extremely soluble in water and has extremely strong lime soap dispersing and softening water capacity;


Bioterge AS 40 has good biodegradability and is gentle to skin and has good compatibility.
Products containing Bioterge AS 40 are rich in foaming, tender and feels well and easy to rinse.
Bioterge AS 40 can be used in matters with wide range of pH value.


Bioterge AS 40 is even used in home and commercial products like hard surface cleaners and carpet shampoos.
Bioterge AS 40 provides excellent flash foam and it is stable over a broad pH range, making it useful in a variety of applications and products.
Bioterge AS 40 provides excellent initial foaming characteristics, and is more stable than fatty alcohol sulfates over a wide pH range.


Bioterge AS 40 has good biodegradability and can be used in shampoo, hand soap, and various bath products. (Mild foaming agent-light yellow transparent liquid)
Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant providing excellent viscosity, foam characteristics and mildness.


Bioterge AS 40 is widely used in all kinds of lavation cosmetics such as laundry detergent, compound soap, dish washing detergent and it is the preferred raw material of non-phosphate detergent;
Bioterge AS 40 can be used in cleaning cosmetics such as shampoo, bath lotion and facial cleanser etc.


Bioterge AS 40 can also be used in industrial detergent such as oil field, mine, construction, fire protection and textile dying.
Bioterge AS 40 is commonly used as a surfactant in various personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.
Bioterge AS 40 helps to emulsify and remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair.


Due to its mildness and good foaming properties, Bioterge AS 40 is often preferred over harsher cleansing agents.
Bioterge AS 40 is also used as a wetting agent and an emulsifier in industrial applications such as cleaning products and textile processing.
Bioterge AS 40 is biodegradable and considered safe for use in cosmetic and personal care products.


Bioterge AS 40 can be widely used in phosphate-free washing powder, liquid detergents and other household cleaning products and textile printing and dyeing industry, petroleum chemicals, industrial hard surface cleaning aspect.
Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant, a wide variety of cosmetic washing, hand-washing liquid, washing powder, complex soap, shampoo and detergent, phosphate-free detergents and other main raw material of choice.


Bioterge AS 40 is an ideal surfactant for a variety of HI&I cleaning and personal care applications, agricultural formulations, and construction products used for concrete bases, firefighting foams and dust control.
Bioterge AS 40 Surfactant is a liquid, coconut-based surfactant that is derived from Oleic Acid that is an ideal surfactant for a variety of cleansing and personal care applications!


Bioterge AS 40 is a gentle, anionic surfactant that provides excellent viscosity, flash foam characteristics and great cleansing properties, as well as improved mildness over lauryl sulfates.
Bioterge AS 40 is a fantastic surfactant that can be blended with other surfactants and used in a variety of DIY products including Bar Soaps, Liquid Hand Soaps, Body Washes, Bubble Baths, Shampoos and more!


Bioterge AS 40 is commonly used in bath, shower, and hair care cleansers.
Bioterge AS 40 is coconut based as it is derived from Oleic Acid.
Bioterge AS 40 is used Cold Process Soap, Body Wash Bases, Facial Cleansers, Liquid Hand Soap, Machine Dishwashing, Oil Dispersants (OD), Shampoos, Sulfate-Free, Suspension Concentrates (SC), Suspoemulsions (SE), Water Dispersible Granules (WG), Wettable Powders (WP)


Bioterge AS 40 also has been used for hard surface detergent and personal care products, and is developing it in oil additives, starch processing aid, acrylate emulsion, mercerized cotton, wool washing, textile and paper wetting like applications in the field.
Bioterge AS 40 is a third generation surfactant having excellent properties in wetting, blending, emulsification, solubility, good stability at high temperature, and detergency.


Bioterge AS 40 has high foaming characteristics, mildness, less resistant to hard water and excellent bio-degradable.
Bioterge AS 40 is an effective emulsifier and has excellent foaming characteristics.
Its resistance to water hardness and other metallic ions is very good, and Bioterge AS 40 is stable over a wide pH range.


Bioterge AS 40 is superior to conventional detergent actives with regard to bio-degradability, mildness to skin, cold-water solubility, rinsability, flash foaming, and detergency in hard water.
Bioterge AS 40 is compatible with other surfactants like linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LABS) and SLS, including soap.


Bioterge AS 40 helps to overcome the sting caused by conventional detergent actives.
A combination of LABS and Bioterge AS 40 in certain proportions can yield synergistic detergent action, which can result in improved performance of a given total active or reduced cost for a given performance


Bioterge AS 40 is a great surfactant that helps remove dirt, pollutants and buildup from the hair and scalp.
Mostly present in hair care products, Bioterge AS 40 can also be used in skin care and cosmetics.
Bioterge AS 40 is a pretty effective cleansing agent with good foaming properties.


Bioterge AS 40 is widely used in phosphate-free washing powder, liquid detergents and other household cleaning products and textile printing and dyeing industry, petroleum chemicals, industrial hard surface cleaning aspect.
Bioterge AS 40 is an optimal surfactant solution for the formulation of personal care and cosmetic products, HI&I cleaning and laundry detergents.


For its unique properties Bioterge AS 40 is also used in agricultural products, construction industry, fire-fighting foams etc.
Application areas of Bioterge AS 40 HI&I cleaning, Emulsion polymerization, Fire-fighting, Personal care, Laundry detergents, Industrial auxiliaries, Construction chemicals, Oil fields, Agriculture.


Bioterge AS 40 can be used in personal care formulations where efficient viscosity building performance is desired.
Bioterge AS 40 is ideal for a variety of personal care formulations, such as hand soaps, shampoos, facial cleansers, and body washes.


In its raw form, Bioterge AS 40 has the look of a fine white powder.
Bioterge AS 40 is commonly used in bath, shower, and hair care cleansers.
Bioterge AS 40 also has good cleansing properties and is effective at removing dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair.


Bioterge AS 40 is commonly used as a surfactant in various personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.
Bioterge AS 40 helps to emulsify and remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair.
Due to its mildness and good foaming properties, Bioterge AS 40 is often preferred over harsher cleansing agents.


Bioterge AS 40 is also used as a wetting agent and an emulsifier in industrial applications such as cleaning products and textile processing.
Bioterge AS 40 is biodegradable and considered safe for use in cosmetic and personal care products.
Bioterge AS 40 is used color cosmetics


Bioterge AS 40 is a blend of approximately 40% of acrylates/polytrimethylsiloxy-methacrylate copolymer in isododecane.
After evaporation of the isododecane, the high molecular weight silicone acrylate copolymer forms a film on skin.
Bioterge AS 40 is a film former designed for long lasting benefits in color cosmetics and skin care applications. It exhibits good compatibility with organic sunscreens, pigments and cosmetic ingredients.


Bioterge AS 40 provides sebum resistance, wash off resistance as well as comfort to wear.
Bioterge AS 40 is used Long-lasting wear-resistant extended application time High film flexibility enables color cosmetics to have a comfortable, endless wear-resistant feel Fast drying time Highly volatile carrier enables fast drying time no more


Bioterge AS 40 is a premium silicone-acrylate film former for color cosmetics, blend of approximately 40% of acrylates/polytrimethylsiloxy-methacrylate copolymer in isododecane.
After evaporation of the Bioterge AS 40, the high molecular weight silicone acrylate copolymer forms a film on skin.


Raw, oil-based, vegan Bioterge AS 40 which is to be added to your formulas at 0.5 - 10% of the total in order to provide water-resistant and non-transfer film-forming effect.
Bioterge AS 40 can be used in all kinds of cosmetic products: hair, skin, makeup, creams, lotions, shaving creams and more.


-Personal care application of Bioterge AS 40:
The mildness of Bioterge AS 40 is comparable to that of AES, while LAS and AES are much more irritating than AOS.
Thus Bioterge AS 40 has a wide range of use in personal care products.
Bioterge AS 40 is extremely stable under acidic conditions, and normal human skin is weakly acidic (pH about 5.5), so it is suitable to use AOS as a component of personal washing products.
Shampoos with Bioterge AS 40 as the main active ingredient are more foamable than with K12.


-Other applications of Bioterge AS 40:
Bioterge AS 40 has a wide range of applications in the textile printing and dyeing industry, petrochemicals, tertiary oil recovery, and industrial cleaning.
Bioterge AS 40 can also be used as a concrete density improver, foam wallboard, fire-fighting foaming agent.
Bioterge AS 40 can also be used as an emulsifier, wetting agent, etc.


-Application of soap:
Adding Bioterge AS 40 can increase the solubility of soap in water, wetting power and foam strength of soap at low temperatures can also be increased significantly.
Bioterge AS 40 improves various properties of the soap, enhances foaming power, increases hard water resistance and flexibility.


-Washing powders uses of Bioterge AS 40:
Based on detergency test result, both LAS and Bioterge AS 40 showed good synergy in phosphorus-containing and non-phosphorus powders.
In phosphate-free washing powders with LAS and Bioterge AS 40 as anionic active ingredients, the detergency of AOS is significantly increased when the active content is more than 20%.

The detergency synergy of Bioterge AS 40 in non-phosphorus washing powder is more oustanding than that in phosphorus-containing powder.
AOS has a good compatibility with enzyme.
The detergency power of Bioterge AS 40 and LAS is not much different at high temperatures and long-term washing (eg above 60°C, washing for 1 hour).

However, Bioterge AS 40 shows higher detergency performance than LAS when used under room temperature (10-40°C for 10-29 minutes).
Compared with LAS, Bioterge AS 40 features stronger hard water resistance.
Bioterge AS 40 shows a very good stain removal performance on sebum dirt and oily and powdery stain.



BENEFITS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*High film flexibility
*Superior sebum resistance
*High water repellency
*Long-lasting color and efficacy
*Smooth feel with less tackiness
*Comfortable wear
*Listed in the Catalogue of Cosmetics Ingredients of China
*Does not contain ingredients of animal origin (Suitable for Vegan)



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
1. Provides effective cleansing properties.
2. Compatible with hard water.
3. Helps to create a rich foam.
4. Acts as a surfactant and emulsifying agent.
5. Has good skin compatibility and mildness.
6. Can be easily formulated into various cosmetic products.
7. Can help remove excess oil and sebum from the skin.



FUNCTIONS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*Surfactant (Anionic),
*Foaming Agent,
*Foam Booster,
*Cleansing Agent,
*Surfactant



FEATURES OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
Bioterge AS 40 is anionic surfactant with excellent foaming properties.
Bioterge AS 40 is characterized by good foam removal and good rinsing properties, and is included in kitchen detergents and shampoos.
In recent years, Bioterge AS 40 is sometimes used in combination with amino acid surfactants as a raw material for transparent shampoos.

The ingredients are listed in the 2021 Quasi-drug Ingredients Standards, and there are no safety issues as a "product that is completely washed off from the skin."
Bioterge AS 40 is a raw material that is easily degradable and has little impact on the environment.
REACH registered.
Bioterge AS 40 conforms to standards for quasi-drug raw materials.



WHAT DOES BIOTERGE AS 40 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Foaming
*Surfactant



FUNCTIONS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*Surfactant
*Cleansing agent



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
1. Bioterge AS 40 provides effective cleansing properties.
2. Bioterge AS 40 is compatible with hard water.
3. Bioterge AS 40 helps to create a rich foam.
4. Bioterge AS 40 acts as a surfactant and emulsifying agent.
5. Bioterge AS 40 has good skin compatibility and mildness.
6. Bioterge AS 40 can be easily formulated into various cosmetic products.
7. Bioterge AS 40 can help remove excess oil and sebum from the skin.



FUNCTIONS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*Color anti-transfert,
*waterproofing agents,
*Film Formers,
*Silicones



EXTRACTION OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
Bioterge AS 40 is sulphonated with SO3 through a continuous process.
The intermediate sulphonic acid is neutralized with caustic soda.
Then, the sodium xylene sulphonate and buffer system are added.
Later, the solution is dried to obtain a high active Bioterge AS 40 Beads.



FEATURES OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*A type of silicone polyacrylic acid, Bioterge AS 40 is a mixture of silicone polyacrylic acid (40%) and isododecane.
*Bioterge AS 40 has a unique structure made by copolymerizing silicone dendrimer with acrylic resin.
*The crisp film of polyacrylic acid is combined with the water repellency and non-transfer properties of silicone.
*The dendrimer silicone skeleton has excellent abrasion resistance, sebum resistance, and gas permeability.
*Bioterge AS 40 also supports the long-lasting performance of active ingredients by improving compatibility with various oils.
*Adds water resistance and sebum resistance to liquid foundations, sun care products, etc. and improves their durability.
For example, by incorporating it into makeup products such as foundation, lipstick, and nail polish, Bioterge AS 40 is possible to formulate highly long-lasting products that do not transfer color without sacrificing the feel of the product.



BENEFIT CLAIMS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
Smooth Feel, Rub Resistant, Water Repellency, Light Feel, Healthy-Looking Skin, Shine & Radiance, Wash Off Resistance, Low Viscosity, Rapid Absorption, Long Lasting, Gloss Enhancement, Excellent Flexibility, Suppleness, Moisturizing, Skin Protection, Compatibility, Superior Performance, Color Intensity, SPF Enhancement, Long Wear, Durable, Easy Removal, Good Color Retention, Sensory Enhancement, Film Forming, Comforting, Improved Texture, Non-Tacky, Sebum Resistant, Anti-Aging, Non-Occlusive, Transfer Resistant, Shine Enhancing, Easy To Use



BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension of a liquid, the interfacial tension between two liquids, or that between a liquid and a solid.
Surfactants may act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants.



BENEFITS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*Excellent cost/performance characteristics and foam properties
*Improved mildness over lauryl sulfates
*Excellent viscosity and foam characteristics
*More stable than alcohol sulfates over a broad pH range
*Fully compatible with other anionic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants
*Suggested Usage Rate: 4-30% of your entire formulation.




FUNCTION OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*Surfactant,
*Surfactant (Anionic),
*Foaming Agent,
*Scouring Agent



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BIOTERGE AS 40:
Actives, %: 39
Boiling Point, ºC: 100
Cloud Point, °C: 7
CMC, mg/l: 301.0
Density at 25°C, g/ml: 1.06
Draves Wetting at 25°C, seconds: 15
Flash Point, °C: >94
Form at 25°C: Liquid
Freeze Point, °C: -7
Pour Point, °C: -4
Specific Gravity at 25°C: 1.06
Surface Tension, mN/m: 31.6
Viscosity at 25°C, cps: 125
Viscosity, cps: 79 (at 60°C)
RVOC, U.S. EPA %: 0
Color: Clear
pH: 5 - 6.5 (as aqueous solution)
Flash Point: Not applicable

CAS: 68439-57-6
Chemical Form: Liquid
Density: 1.054g/cm3 at 20℃
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25℃
form: Powder
LogP: -1.3 at 20℃ and pH5.43
Surface tension: 36.1mN/m at 1g/L and 20℃
Dissociation constant: 0.15-0.38 at 25℃
EWG's Food Scores: 1-2
FDA UNII: O9W3D3YF5U
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-olefin sulfonates (68439-57-6)
Synonyms: Sodium C14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate
Molecular Weight: 298.42-344.49
Appearance: yellow or amber-colored liquid
Product Name: Sodium C14-16 Olefin sulfonate
CAS: 68439-57-6

CAS Number: 68439-57-6
Chem/IUPAC Name: Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts
EINECS/ELINCS No: 270-407-8
pH: 8.0-10.0
Solubility: Soluble in water
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Flash Point: N/A
Molecular Formula: C14H27NaO3S
Molecular Weight: 298.417
Density: N/A
CAS:68439-57-6
MF:CnH2n-1SO3Na (n= 14 - 16)
MW: 298.42
EINECS:270-407-8
EC #: 931-534-0
HS code:340211
Function: Anionic Surfactant
Appearance: white powder

Density: 1.054g/cm3 at 20℃
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25℃
form: Powder
LogP: -1.3 at 20℃
pH: 5.43
Surface tension: 36.1mN/m at 1g/L and 20℃
Dissociation constant: 0.15-0.38 at 25℃
EWG's Food Scores: 1-2
FDA UNII: O9W3D3YF5U
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-olefin sulfonates (68439-57-6)
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Flash Point: N/A
Molecular Formula: C14H27NaO3S
Molecular Weight: 298.417
Density: N/A



FIRST AID MEASURES of BIOTERGE AS 40:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BIOTERGE AS 40:
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BIOTERGE AS 40:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BIOTERGE AS 40:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Face shield and safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BIOTERGE AS 40:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BIOTERGE AS 40:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available




BIOTIN
Biotin(58-85-5), also called Vitamin H, is a colorless, water-soluble member of the group of B-vitamins.
Formerly Biotin was known as vitamin H or coenzyme R.
Biotin has many benefits for the hair, skin, and nails.

CAS: 58-85-5
MF: C10H16N2O3S
MW: 244.31
EINECS: 200-399-3

Synonyms
biotin, d-biotin, 58-85-5, vitamin H, Vitamin B7, Bioepiderm, coenzyme R, Bios II, Factor S, D(+)-Biotin, Biodermatin, D-(+)-Biotin, (+)-Biotin, Biotine, Biotinum, Injacom H, Biotina, Meribin, Factor S (vitamin), Lutavit H2, Ritatin, CCRIS 3932, HSDB 346, 3H-Biotin, MFCD00005541, NSC 63865, Biotine [INN-French], Biotinum [INN-Latin], Biotina [INN-Spanish], 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid, cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4)imidazole-4-valeric acid, cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid, AI3-51198, 1swk, 1swn, 1swr, EINECS 200-399-3, Rovimix H 2, D-Biotin Factor S, UNII-6SO6U10H04, 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxo-hexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazolidin-4-yl]pentanoic acid, CHEBI:15956, 6SO6U10H04, 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid, 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid, Medebiotin, NSC-63865, Biotin [USP:INN:JAN], cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3,4]imidazoline-4-valeric acid, (+)-cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]imidazole-4-valeric acid, MD-1003, 1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, (3aS,4S,6aR)-, 1H-Thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, (3aS-(3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha))-, DTXCID102679, DTXSID7022679, 2'-Keto-3,4-imidazolido-2-tetrahydrothiophene-N-valeric acid, L-Biotin, (3aS,4S,6aR)-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-valeric acid, (3aS,4S,6aR)-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-valeric acid, Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, (3aS-(3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha))-, D-Biotin 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, Biotine (INN-French), Biotinum (INN-Latin), Biotina (INN-Spanish), beta-Biotin, BIOTIN (USP-RS), BIOTIN [USP-RS], BIOTIN (MART.), BIOTIN [MART.], Vitamin Bw, Biotin (USP:INN:JAN), (3aS-(3aalpha,4b,6aalpha))-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidaz- ole-4-pentanoic acid, BIOTIN (EP IMPURITY), BIOTIN [EP IMPURITY], BIOTIN (EP MONOGRAPH), BIOTIN [EP MONOGRAPH], BIOTIN (USP MONOGRAPH), BIOTIN [USP MONOGRAPH], Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, 1H-Thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, (3aS,4S,6aR)-, 5-((3AS,4S,6aR)-rel-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid, SMR000112255, D(+)Biotin, 22377-59-9, Biotitum, hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, NSC63865, delta-Biotin, Amerix Biotin, Biotin Drops, Hairq-plus, Vitamin-h, Tk-nax, 1avd, 1ndj, 1stp, 1swg, 1swp, 2avi, 4bcs, 4ggz, 4jnj, Bioepiderm (TN), CAS-58-85-5, Bios H, NCGC00094984-04, 1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, [3as-(3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha)]-, Biotin111In, delta-(+)-Biotin, SUBIR, Biotin Drops2081, Biotin (8CI), delta-biotin factor s, TWINKLE ESSENCE, 1df8, 1n9m, 2gh7, 3t2w, 4bj8, BIOTIN [VANDF], BIOTIN [HSDB], BIOTIN [INCI], SPAI-SONSPROCAPELL, BIOTIN [FCC], BIOTIN [INN], BIOTIN [JAN], BIOTIN [WHO-DD], Prestwick0_000418, Prestwick1_000418, Prestwick2_000418, Prestwick3_000418, BIOTIN [MI],
cid_253, D-BIOTIN [VANDF], SPAI-SONSPROLAC-VIT, BDBM12, bmse000227, CHEMBL857, ExoSCRT Scalp Care HRLV, Probes2_000006, SCHEMBL8763, BIOTIN [ORANGE BOOK], Biotin for system suitability, BSPBio_000376, Biotin (JP17/USP/INN), MLS001066402, MLS001074888, MLS001331736, MLS001333089, D-Biotin, analytical standard, SPBio_002315, BPBio1_000414, cid_171548, GTPL4787, HAIRJOY EYEBROW SIGNATURE, HAIRJOY EYELASH SIGNATURE, A11HA05, AMF0005, 1n43, 2f01, Biotin, >=99.0% (T), YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N, CIS-TETRAHYDRO-2-OXOTHIENO, HMS1569C18, HMS2096C18, HMS2271O06, HMS3713C18, Bonogen Activatorhair loss treatment, HY-B0511, Tox21_113050, Tox21_302161, AC8089, Biotin, tested according to Ph.Eur., s3130, AKOS001287669, Tox21_113050_1, CCG-220418, CIS-HEXAHYDRO-2-OXO-1H-THIENO, DB00121, 1H-Thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, (3aS-(3aalpha,4b,6aalpha))-, Biotin, meets USP testing specifications, Biotin, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%, NCGC00179580-01, NCGC00179580-02, NCGC00179580-04, NCGC00179580-08, NCGC00255377-01, 20 - Potency of multivitamin supplements, 56846-45-8, AC-19998, BP-20441, Biotin, >=99% (TLC), lyophilized powder, Biotin, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, >=99%, AB00374191, B0463, NS00126825, EN300-54173, BIONA-VITCONTROLS AND PREVENTS HAIR LOSS, C00120, D00029, M02926, AB00374191-08, AB00374191_11, A929752, Biotin, plant cell culture tested, >=99% (TLC), Q181354, SR-01000765521, Biotin, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Q-200929, SR-01000765521-2, BRD-K89210380-001-03-8, BRD-K89210380-001-13-7, 6AE43AA3-BC3D-4C49-9DB9-5913A2401EB6, Biotin, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, F2173-0855, Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoate, Z210803762, Biotin, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3,4]imidazoline-4-valerate, (+)-cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]imidazole-4-valerate, 5-(2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoate, Daunorubicin hydrochloride, Antibiotic for Culture Media Use Only, (3aS,4S,6aR)-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-valerate, Biotin, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, (3aS,4S,6aR)- (9CI), 5-((3aR,6S,6aS)-2-Oxo-hexahydro-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-6-yl)-pentanoic acid, 5-[(3aR,6S,6aS)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-6-yl]pentanoic acid, Biotin for system suitability, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, hexahydro-2-oxo-[3aS-(3aa,4b,6aa)]-1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoate, hexahydro-2-oxo-[3aS-(3aa,4b,6aa)]-1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-[3as-(3alpha,4beta,6alpha)]-1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoate, hexahydro-2-oxo-[3as-(3alpha,4beta,6alpha)]-1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, Biotin, powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, suitable for plant cell culture, >=99%.

Biotin is composed of a ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring.
A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring.
Biotin is a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis.
Subclinical deficiency of Biotin can cause mild symptoms, such as hair thinning or skin rash typically on the face. Thus, Biotin is recommended for general food fortification and dietary supplement applications.
Generally, Biotin can be used for baby food and dietetics, for solid and liquid pharmaceutical preparations, for cosmetic preparations, and for use in the fermentation industry.

Biotin is widely distributed in animals and plants, and the natural presence of biotin is mainly in the form of binding with other molecules.
The biochemical structure of biotin includes a shuttle chain containing five carbon atoms and two five-membered heterocycles.
In vivo the shuttle of the side chain binds with lysine s residue of enzyme protein, playing a role of coenzyme. Biotin may have 8 different isomers, of which only Biotin has biological activity.
Under normal circumstances, biotin is quite stable, only in the strong acid, alkali, formaldehyde and UV treatment will be destroyed.
Biotin is the carrier of carboxyl in the carboxylation reaction required large ATP.
The carboxyl group is temporarily bound to a nitrogen atom on the bicyclic ring system of biotin, such as in the reaction of pyruvate carboxylase catalyzing the pyruvate carboxylation of oxaloacetate.

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin, essential for amino acids and carbohydrates metabolism.
Biotin is involved in de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides and plays a role in gene expression and DNA replication.

Biotin is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids.
The name biotin, borrowed from the German Biotin, derives from the Ancient Greek word βίοτος (bíotos; 'life') and the suffix "-in" (a suffix used in chemistry usually to indicate 'forming').
Biotin appears as a white crystalline solid that looks like needles.

Biotin Chemical Properties
Melting point: 231-233 °C(lit.)
Alpha: 89 º (c=1, 0.1N NaOH)
Boiling point: 573.6±35.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.2693 (rough estimate)
Refractive index: 90.5 ° (C=2, 0.1mol/L NaOH)
Storage temp.: -20°C
Solubility: H2O: 0.2 mg/mL Solubility increases with addition of 1 N NaOH.
Form: powder
Pka: 4.74±0.10(Predicted)
Color: White crystalline powder or fine long needles
PH: 4.5 (0.1g/l, H2O)
Optical activity: [α]20/D +91±2°, c = 1% in 0.1 M NaOH
Water Solubility: Soluble in hot water, dimethyl sulfoxide, alcohol and benzene.
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
Merck: 14,1231
BRN: 86838
Stability: Stable, but light sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong acids, Formaldehyde, chloramine-T, nitrous acid.
InChIKey: YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N
LogP: 0.861 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 58-85-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Biotin(58-85-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Biotin (58-85-5)

Physiological Function
Biotin(58-85-5) is necessary for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids.
Biotin plays a role in the citric acid cycle, which is the process by which biochemical energy is generated during aerobic respiration.
Biotin is a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis.
In addition, biotin is widely used throughout the biotechnology industry to conjugate proteins for biochemical assays.
We need biotin about 100 to 300 micrograms per day.
There is an antibiotic protein that could combine with biotin in the egg white egg.
After combining, it cannot be absorbed by the digestive tract.
Resulting in animal biotin deficiency, at the same time loss of appetite, glossitis, dermatitis dermatitis, hair removal and so on.

However, there is no case of biotin deficiency on human, probably because in addition to food sources, intestinal bacteria can also synthesize biotin.
Biotin is a coenzyme of a lot of enzymes in the human body.
Biotin participates in the metabolism of aliphatic acid, carbohydrate, vitamin B12, folic acid and pantothenic acid; promoting synthesis of protein and urea, and also promoting excretion.
Help fat, glycogen and amino acids for normal synthesis and metabolism in the human body.
Promote the normal operation and growth of sweat glands, nerve tissue, bone marrow, male gonads, skin and hair, and reduce eczema, dermatitis symptoms.
Prevent white hair and hair loss, contribute to the treatment of baldness.
Relieve muscle pain.
Promote synthesis and excretion of urea, purine synthesis and oleic acid biosynthesis.
For the treatment of atherosclerosis, stroke, dyslipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease and blood circulation disorders.

Absorption
Biotin in food is bound to proteins.
Digestive enzymes reduce the proteins to biotin-bound peptides.
The intestinal enzyme biotinidase, found in pancreatic secretions and in the brush border membranes of all three parts of the small intestine, frees biotin, which is then absorbed from the small intestine.
When consumed as a biotin dietary supplement, absorption is nonsaturable, meaning that even very high amounts are absorbed effectively.
Transport across the jejunum is faster than across the ileum.

The large intestine microbiota synthesize amounts of biotin estimated to be similar to the amount taken in the diet, and a significant portion of this biotin exists in the free (protein-unbound) form and, thus, is available for absorption.
How much is absorbed in humans is unknown, although a review did report that human epithelial cells of the colon in vitro demonstrated an ability to uptake biotin.

Once absorbed, sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) mediates biotin uptake into the liver.
SMVT also binds pantothenic acid, so high intakes of either of these vitamins can interfere with transport of the other.

Biotin deficiency
Biotin deficiency appears to be rare, but some groups may be more susceptible.
Biotin supplements are widely available but rarely necessary.
A deficiency can lead to:
Hair loss
A scaly red rash around the eyes, nose, mouth, and genitals
Cracks in the corner of the mouth
Sore tongue that may be magenta in color
Dry eyes
Loss of appetite

Other symptoms may include:
Depression
Lethargy and fatigue
Hallucinations
Insomnia
Numbness and tingling in the hands and feet
Impaired immune function and increased susceptibility to infections
Pregnant women appear to break down biotin more quickly, and this may lead to a marginal deficiency. Symptoms have not been observed, but such a deficiency could lead to developmental problems for the fetus.

Food source:
Liver
Peanuts
Yeast
Whole-wheat bread
Cheddar cheese
Pork
Salmon
Sardines
Avocado
Raspberries
Bananas
Mushrooms
Cauliflower
Egg yolk

Egg white reduces the effectiveness of biotin from egg yolk in the body because it binds biotin and prevents it from being absorbed.
People who consume only egg white for many years without biotin supplementation have a slight risk of not getting enough vitamin B7.
Processing food reduces levels of nutrients such as biotin, so raw cauliflower, for example, would provide more biotin than cooked cauliflower.

A study published in Advances in Nutrition estimates biotic intake in North America and Western Europe at between 35 to 70 μg per day, or 143 to 287 mmol per day.
According to Oregon State University, biotin is not known to cause toxic effects.
People with hereditary disorders of biotin metabolism tolerate doses of up to 200,000 mcg per day without any problems.
Individuals with no biotin metabolism disorder who took doses of 5,000 mcg per day for 24 months had no adverse effects.
However, it is important to speak to a physician or dietitian before making any change to nutritional intake or using supplements.

Manufacturing Process
4-Carbomethoxy-2-(4,5-dihydrothiophen-3(2H)-one)valeric acid methyl ester was prepared from 4,5-dihydrothiophene as it was described.
A solution of 60.0 g (0.182 mole) this ester in 550 ml absolute ethanol was treated with 91.6 g (1.45 moles) of ammonium formate.
The reaction mixture refluxed for 5.0 hours.
Then it was cooled, concentrated, and partitionated in a separatory funnel between 200 ml dichloromethane and 150 ml water.
The aqueous phase was extracted three times with 50 ml portions of dichloromethane.
The organic extracts were collected, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated. 50 g (0.182 mole, 100%) 3-amino-4- carbomethoxy-2,5-dihydro-2-thiophenevaleric acid methyl ester was obtained as a colorless oil.
To a solution of 27.3 g (1 mole) of 3-amino-4-carbomethoxy-2,5-dihydro-2- thiophenevaleric acid methyl ester in 250 ml dry methanol was added 4.0 g (0.1 mole) of sodium hydroxide pellets.
The reaction mixture was refluxed 4.0 hrs, cooled and concentrated to a volume of 50 ml.
The residue was taken up in 80 ml dichloromethane and transfered to a separatory funnel.
After the addition of 150 ml of 10% by weight aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, the aqueous layer was extracted twice with 50 ml portions of dichloromethane.
The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to yield 6.4 g (0.0234 mole) of recovered starting material.
The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 1 with 6 N hydrochloric acid and extracted three times with 75 ml portions of dichloromethane.
The organic phases were pooled, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to yield 18.3 g (0.071 mole, 71%) of 3- amino-4-carbomethoxy-2,5-dihydro-2-thiophenevaleric acid as a tan solid, upon trituration with pet. ether.
The recovered starting material, 6.4 g (0.0234 mole) was dissolved in 70 ml dry methanol and treated with 1.0 g (0.025 mole) sodium hydroxide.
The mixture was refluxed 5.0 hrs, cooled concentrated, and taken up in 80 ml dichloromethane.
The organic phase was treated in a separatory funnel with 100 ml of 10% by weight aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution.
The aqueous phase was extracted twice with 40 ml portions of dichloromethane.
The aqueous phase was acidified to pH 1 with 6 N hydrochloric acid and extracted two times with 50 ml portions of dichloromethane.
The organic phases were cooled, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford an additional 5.3 g (0.021 mole, 21%) of 3-amino-4-carbomethoxy- 2,5-dihydro-2-thiophenevaleric acid; m.p. 98°-102°C.
BIOTIN
BIS(METHACRYLOYLOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 32435-46-4, Nom INCI : BIS(METHACRYLOYLOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE. Nom chimique : 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,1'-[phosphinicobis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)] ester. Agent d'entretien des ongles : Améliore les caractéristiques esthétiques des ongles
BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has good heat stability, plasticized capacity, resistance to freeze, electrical properties and good UV filtering properties.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is not soluble in water but is soluble in oil and finds use as a solvent in glow sticks.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is an organic compound and included in the class of phthalates which are used as plasticizers.

CAS Number: 117-81-7
EC Number: 204-211-0 617-060-4
Chemical Formula: C24H38O4
Molar Mass: 390.564 g·mol−1

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2C8H17)2.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is the most common member of the class of phthalates, which are used as plasticizers.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is the diester of phthalic acid and the branched-chain 2-ethylhexanol.
This colorless viscous liquid is soluble in oil, but not in water.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has good heat stability, plasticized capacity, resistance to freeze, electrical properties and good UV filtering properties.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used in PVC, PE, cellulose, film, artificial leather, cable, pipe material, sheet material, mold plastic and rubber.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a non-volatile solvent mainly used as a plasticizer for polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) and polyisoprene (PI).
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a combustible non-toxic colorless oily liquid with slight odor.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is an organic compound and included in the class of phthalates which are used as plasticizers.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a colorless liquid and the diester of phthalic acid.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is not soluble in water but is soluble in oil and finds use as a solvent in glow sticks.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a diester of phthalic acid.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a low cost, general use plasticizer, which can be useful in hydraulic fluid applications and as a dielectric fluid in capacitors.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is still widely used as a plasticizer in selected applications where volatiles are less of an issue.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also used as a hydraulic fluid and as a dielectric fluid in capacitors.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was the most widely used material as a plasticizer in manufacturing of articles made of PVC.
Due to toxicity reasons, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate usage has dropped and has been replaced by lower volatile phthalate and phthalate free products in some PVC and other applications

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, also known as dioctyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate or DEHP, is a member of the class of compounds known as benzoic acid esters.
Benzoic acid esters are ester derivatives of benzoic acid.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate pKa).
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can be found in kohlrabi, which makes di(n-octyl) phthalate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound.
Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors.

Animal studies have shown that they disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young, such as reduced anogenital distance (AGD), cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reduced fertility.
The combination of effects associated with phthalates is called 'phthalate syndrome’ (A2883) (T3DB).

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a clear, colourless liquid which is slightly more dense than water with a slight but characteristic odour.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is miscible with most organic solvents but not soluble in water.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has several advantages over some other plasticizers in that Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is more economical.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate provides the desired changes to physical and mechanical properties without causing changes to the chemical structure of the polymer.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate jellifies quickly; in lacquer applications Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate serves to eliminate cracks, increase resistance and provide a smooth surface.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is often used as a general purpose plasticizer.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is highly cost effective and also widely available.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate broad range of characteristics such as high plasticizing efficiency, low volatility, UV-resistance, water-extracting proof, cold-resisting property, softness and electric property makes Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate suitable for making a wide range of products.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used in the production of synthetic rubber, as a softening agent to make the synthetic rubber easier to rebound and harder to undergo form change under pressure.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is widely used in PVC and ethyl cellulose resins to make plastic film, imitation leather, electric wire, etc.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, also known as diethylhexyl phthalate, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H4 (CO2C8H17).
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, characterized by Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate molecular weight, high boiling point, and low vapor pressure, is one of the most widely used general emollients.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is synthesized by the reaction of phthalic anhydride with an chemical alcohol such as 2-ethyl hexanol.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a softener used in the production of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is insoluble in water and has good stability against heat, ultraviolet light, wide compatibility, and has excellent resistance to hydrolysis.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a colorless, odorless, oily liquid that doesn't evaporate easily.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a man-made substance used to keep plastics soft or more flexible.

This type of plastic can be used for medical tubing and blood storage bags, wire and cables, carpetback coating, floor tile, and adhesives.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also used in cosmetics and pesticides.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate appears as a clear liquid with a mild odor.
Slightly less dense than water and insoluble in water.
The primary hazard is the threat to the environment.

Immediate steps should be taken to limit Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate spread to the environment.
As a liquid, can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams.

Eye contact may produce severe irritation and direct skin contact may produce mild irritation.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used in the manufacture of a variety of plastics and coating products.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a phthalate ester and a diester.

Applications of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a phthalate ester which is used in the manufacture of a wide range of plastics and coating products.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used as a plasticizer in PVC paste and pulp mixtures and as an additive in many other processes.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can be found in many end products including PVC soles for shoes and slippers, synthetic leather, waterproof membranes, paints, varnishes, floor coverings, door mats and hoses.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also used in the calendaring process of paper finishing, to produce PVC granules, as a hydraulic or dielectric fluid in capacitors, in toxicology studies and in risk assessment studies on food contamination which occurs via migration of phthalates into foodstuffs from food-contact materials (FCM).

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a plasticizer used in the production of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is one of the most widely used plasticizers in PVC due to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate low cost.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a general-purpose plasticizer and long-time industry standard known for Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate good stability to heat and ultraviolet light, and broad range of compatibility for use with PVC resins.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can also be used as dielectric and hydraulic fluids.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also a solvent for many chemicals, such as in glowsticks.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a non-volatile solvent mainly used as a plasticizer for polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) and polyisoprene (PI).

Plasticizers for:
Cables and wires.
Building and construction for cladding and roof membranes.

PVC pipes and flooring.
Others such as hoses, shoe soles sealings industrial doors, swimming pool covers, shower curtains, roofing materials, water beds, furniture and disposable gloves.

Plastic Industry:

Plasticizers:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can be used as a softening agent, such as to make Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate easier to rebound and harder to undergo form change under pressure, without affecting of the plastics.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate possesses Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate good plasticizing properties thanks to the ability to make the long polimers molecules to slide against one another.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is extensively used in processing polyvinyl choride and ethylcellulose resins to produce plastic film, imitation leather, electric wire, cable wearer, sheet, planet, mould plastic products and used in nitrocellulose paints.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has the applications in the industry of automotive, building and construction material, flooring, medical device.

Wood Coating:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used in the industrial wood coating to enhance the performance properties of the wood coatings formulations.

Medical Devices:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used a plasticiser in the manufacture of medical and sanitary products, such as blood bags and dialysis equipment.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has a further and unique role in blood bags because Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate actually helps to prolong the life of the blood itself.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate also stabilises the membranes of red blood cells enabling blood product storage in PVC blood bags for several weeks.

Plastics may contain from 1% to 40% of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

Uses of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used as a plasticizer and dye carrier for film, wire, cables, and adhesives.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used as a plasticizer in carpet backing, packaging films, medical tubing, blood storage bags, floor tile, wire, cables, and adhesives.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also used in cosmetics and pesticides.

There are no known commercial uses for pure DnOP.
However, DnOP constitutes approximately 20% of C6-10 phthalate substance.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used in PVC utilized in the manufacture of flooring and carpet tile, canvas tarps, swimming pool liners, notebook covers, traffic cones, toys, vinyl gloves, garden hoses, weather stripping, flea collars, and shoes.
DnOP-containing phthalate substances are also used in PVC intended for food applications such as seam cements, bottle cap liners, and conveyor belts.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is principally used as a plasticizer in the production of plastics and PVC resins.
When used as a plasticizer, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can represent 5-60% of the total weight of the plastics and resins.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate increases flexibility and enhances or alters the properties of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also used for cellulose ester and polystyrene resins, as a dye carrier in plastic production (primarily PVC), and as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of adhesives, plastisols, and nitrocellulose lacquer coatings.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate also serves as a carrier for catalysts or initiators and as a substitute for electrical capacitor fluid.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is monomeric plasticizer for vinyl and cellulosic resins.

Due to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate suitable properties and the low cost, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is widely used as a plasticizer in manufacturing of articles made of PVC.
Plastics may contain 1% to 40% of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also used as a hydraulic fluid and as a dielectric fluid in capacitors.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate also finds use as a solvent in glowsticks.

Approximately three million tonnes are produced and used annually worldwide.

Manufacturers of flexible PVC articles can choose among several alternative plasticizers offering similar technical properties as Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
These alternatives include other phthalates such as diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-2-propyl heptyl phthalate (DPHP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), and non-phthalates such as 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH), dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), and citrate esters.

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Working with Glues and Adhesives
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Environmental exposure of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a component of many household items, including tablecloths, floor tiles, shower curtains, garden hoses, rainwear, dolls, toys, shoes, medical tubing, furniture upholstery, and swimming pool liners.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is an indoor air pollutant in homes and schools.

Common exposures come from the use of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as a fragrance carrier in cosmetics, personal care products, laundry detergents, colognes, scented candles, and air fresheners.
The most common exposure to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate comes through food with an average consumption of 0.25 milligrams per day.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can also leach into a liquid that comes in contact with the plastic.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate extracts faster into nonpolar solvents (e.g. oils and fats in foods packed in PVC).

Fatty foods that are packaged in plastics that contain Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate are more likely to have higher concentrations such as milk products, fish or seafood, and oils.
The US FDA therefore permits use of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-containing packaging only for foods that primarily contain water.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can leach into drinking water from discharges from rubber and chemical factories; The US EPA limits for Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in drinking water is 6 ppb.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also commonly found in bottled water, but unlike tap water, the EPA does not regulate levels in bottled water.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate levels in some European samples of milk, were found at 2000 times higher than the EPA Safe Drinking Water limits (12,000 ppb).
Levels of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in some European cheeses and creams were even higher, up to 200,000 ppb, in 1994.

Additionally, workers in factories that utilize Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in production experience greater exposure.
The U.S. agency OSHA's limit for occupational exposure is 5 mg/m3 of air.

Use in medical devices of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is the most common phthalate plasticizer in medical devices such as intravenous tubing and bags, IV catheters, nasogastric tubes, dialysis bags and tubing, blood bags and transfusion tubing, and air tubes.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate makes these plastics softer and more flexible and was first introduced in the 1940s in blood bags.

For this reason, concern has been expressed about leachates of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate transported into the patient, especially for those requiring extensive infusions or those who are at the highest risk of developmental abnormalities, e.g. newborns in intensive care nursery settings, hemophiliacs, kidney dialysis patients, neonates, premature babies, lactating, and pregnant women.
According to the European Commission Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER), exposure to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate may exceed the tolerable daily intake in some specific population groups, namely people exposed through medical procedures such as kidney dialysis.

The American Academy of Pediatrics has advocated not to use medical devices that can leach Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate into patients and, instead, to resort to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-free alternatives.
In July 2002, the U.S. FDA issued a Public Health Notification on Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, stating in part, "We recommend considering such alternatives when these high-risk procedures are to be performed on male neonates, pregnant women who are carrying male fetuses, and peripubertal males" noting that the alternatives were to look for non-Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure solutions; they mention a database of alternatives.

The CBC documentary The Disappearing Male raised concerns about sexual development in male fetal development, miscarriage), and as a cause of dramatically lower sperm counts in men.
A review article in 2010 in the Journal of Transfusion Medicine showed a consensus that the benefits of a lifesaving treatments with these devices far outweigh the risks of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate leaching out of these devices.

Although more research is needed to develop alternatives to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate that gives the same benefits of being soft and flexible, which are required for most medical procedures.
If a procedure requires one of these devices and if patient is at high risk to suffer from Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate then a Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate alternative should be considered if medically safe.

Metabolism of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate hydrolyzes to mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and subsequently to phthalate salts.
The released alcohol is susceptible to oxidation to the aldehyde and carboxylic acid.

Manufacturing process of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
All manufacturers of phthalate esters use the same processes.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is manufactured by phthalic sterilization of anhydride with 2-ethyl-hexanol.
This reaction occurs in two successive stages. The first stage of the reaction leads to the formation of a monoester by the de-alcoholization of phthalic acid, this step is completed quickly.

The second step of the production of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate involves converting the monoster to a diester.
This is a reversible reaction and proceeds more slowly than the first reaction.

To change the equilibrium towards the diester, the reaction water is removed by distillation.
High temperatures and catalysts accelerate the reaction rate.
Depending on the catalyst used, the temperature in the second stage varies from 140°C to 165°C with acidic catalysts and from 200°C to 250°C with amphoteric catalysts.

Purity changes may occur depending on the catalyst, the reacting alcohol, and the type of process.
Excess alcohol is recovered and the Iran Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is purified by vacuum distillation.

The reaction sequence is performed in a closed system.
This process can be performed sequentially or in batches.

Manufacturing Methods of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is produced commercially as a component of mixed phthalate esters, including straight- chain C6, C8, and Cl0 phthalates.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is produced at atmospheric pressure or in a vacuum by heating an excess of n-octanol with phthalic anhydride in the presence of an esterification catalyst such as sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid.

The process may be either continuous or discontinuous.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can also be produced by the reaction of n-octylbromide with phthalic anhydride.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is formed via the esterification of n-octanol with phthalic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst (sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid) or noncatalytically at high temperature.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Plasticizers:
Materials incorporated mechanically in plastics (usually PVC) to increase flexibility, workability or distensibility; due to the non-chemical inclusion, plasticizers leach out from the plastic and are found in body fluids and the general environment.

Identification of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Analytic Laboratory Methods:

Method: DOE OM100R
Procedure: gas chromatography with mass spectrometer ion trap detector
Analyte: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Matrix: solid waste matrices, soils, and groundwater
Detection Limit: 160 ug/L.

Method: EPA-EAD 1625
Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Analyte: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Matrix: water
Detection Limit: 10 ug/L.

Method: EPA-EAD 606
Procedure: gas chromatography with electron capture detector
Analyte: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Matrix: wastewater and other waters
Detection Limit: 3 ug/L.

Method: EPA-NERL 506
Procedure: gas chromatography with photoionization detection
Analyte: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Matrix: drinking water
Detection Limit: 6.42 ug/L.

Production of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is produced commercially by the reaction of excess 2-ethylhexanol with phthalic anhydride in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid or para-toluenesulfonic acid.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was first produced in commercial quantities in Japan circa 1933 and in the United States in 1939.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has two stereocenters, located at the carbon atoms carrying the ethyl groups.
As a result, has three distinct stereoisomers, consisting of an (R,R) form, an (S,S) form (diastereomers), and a meso (R, S) form.
As most 2-ethylhexanol is produced as a racemic mixture, commercially-produced Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is therefore almost always racemic as well, and consists of equal amounts of all three stereoisomers.

Properties of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, is clear, colourless, viscous liquid with a slight, characteristic odor.
Soluble in ethanol, ether, mineral oil and the majority of organic solvents.
Immiscible with water, resistant to hydrolysis and air oxygen activity.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate high plasticizing efficiency, fusion rate, visosity, low volatility, UV-resisting property, water-extracting proof, cold-resisting property, and also good softness and electric property found a lot of applications in many offshoots of the industry.

Effects on living organisms of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Endocrine disruption:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, along with other phthalates, is believed to cause endocrine disruption in males, through Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate action as an androgen antagonist, and may have lasting effects on reproductive function, for both childhood and adult exposures.
Prenatal phthalate exposure has been shown to be associated with lower levels of reproductive function in adolescent males.

In another study, airborne concentrations of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate at a PVC pellet plant were significantly associated with a reduction in sperm motility and chromatin DNA integrity.
Additionally, the authors noted the daily intake estimates for Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were comparable to the general population, indicating a "high percentage of men are exposed to levels of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate that may affect sperm motility and chromatin DNA integrity".

The claims have received support by a study using dogs as a "sentinel species to approximate human exposure to a selection of chemical mixtures present in the environment".
The authors analyzed the concentration of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and other common chemicals such as PCBs in testes from dogs from five different world regions.
The results showed that regional differences in concentration of the chemicals are reflected in dog testes and that pathologies such as tubule atrophy and germ cells were more prevalent in testes of dogs proveining from regions with higher concentrations.

Development:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure during pregnancy has been shown to disrupt placental growth and development in mice, resulting in higher rates of low birthweight, premature birth, and fetal loss.
In a separate study, exposure of neonatal mice to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate through lactation caused hypertrophy of the adrenal glands and higher levels of anxiety during puberty.
In another study, pubertal administration of higher-dose Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate delayed puberty in rats, reduced testosterone production, and inhibited androgen-dependent development; low doses showed no effect.

Government and industry response of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Taiwan:
In October 2009, Consumers' Foundation, Taiwan (CFCT) published test results that found 5 out of the sampled 12 shoes contained over 0.1% of phthalate plasticizer content, including Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, which exceeds the government's Toy Safety Standard (CNS 4797).
CFCT recommend that users should first wear socks to avoid direct skin contact.

In May 2011, the illegal use of the plasticizer Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in clouding agents for use in food and beverages has been reported in Taiwan.
An inspection of products initially discovered the presence of plasticizers.
As more products were tested, inspectors found more manufacturers using Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and DINP.
The Department of Health confirmed that contaminated food and beverages had been exported to other countries and regions, which reveals the widespread prevalence of toxic plasticizers.

European Union:
Concerns about chemicals ingested by children when chewing plastic toys prompted the European Commission to order a temporary ban on phthalates in 1999, the decision of which is based on an opinion by the Commission's Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE).
A proposal to make the ban permanent was tabled.

Until 2004, EU banned the use of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate along with several other phthalates (DBP, BBP, DINP, DIDP and DNOP) in toys for young children.
In 2005, the Council and the Parliament compromised to propose a ban on three types of phthalates (DINP, DIDP, and DNOP) "in toys and childcare articles which can be placed in the mouth by children".
Therefore, more products than initially planned will thus be affected by the directive.

In 2008, six substances were considered to be of very high concern (SVHCs) and added to the Candidate List including musk xylene, MDA, HBCDD, DEHP, BBP, and DBP.
In 2011, those six substances have been listed for Authorization in Annex XIV of REACH by Regulation (EU) No 143/2011.
According to the regulation, phthalates including DEHP, BBP and DBP will be banned from February 2015.

In 2012, Danish Environment Minister Ida Auken announced the ban of DEHP, DBP, DIBP and BBP, pushing Denmark ahead of the European Union which has already started a process of phasing out phthalates.
However, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was postponed by two years and would take effect in 2015 and not in December 2013, which was the initial plan.
The reason is that the four phthalates are far more common than expected and that producers cannot phase out phthalates as fast as the Ministry of Environment requested.

In 2012, France became the first country in the EU to ban the use of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in pediatrics, neonatal, and maternity wards in hospitals.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has now been classified as a Category 1B reprotoxin, and is now on the Annex XIV of the European Union's REACH legislation.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has been phased out in Europe under REACH and can only be used in specific cases if an authorization has been granted.
Authorizations are granted by the European Commission, after obtaining the opinion of the Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) and the Committee for Socio-economic Analysis (SEAC) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).

California:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is classified as a "chemical known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm" (in this case, both) under the terms of Proposition 65.

Handling and storage of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Precautions for safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1C: Combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects

Storage of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate should be stored in tightly-closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate should be handled in accordance with good industry safety and hygiene practices.
Relevant engineering controls should be implemented.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate may cause skin irritation if contact is repeated or prolonged, as well as severe eye irritation.
Risks from inhalation of vapour are minimal at room temperature but may cause irritation at higher temperatures.
Personal protective equipment including approved safety glasses, impervious clothing and gloves must be worn, and respirators should be worn where deemed necessary by risk assessments for the task being carried out.

Stability and reactivity of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

Chemical stability
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Conditions to avoid
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

First aid measures of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

General advice:
Show Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Carbon oxides
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Identifiers of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
CAS Number: 117-81-7
ChEBI: CHEBI:17747
ChEMBL: ChEMBL402794
ChemSpider: 21106505
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.829
EC Number: 204-211-0 617-060-4
KEGG: C03690
PubChem CID: 8343
RTECS number: TI0350000
UNII: C42K0PH13C
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5020607
InChI: InChI=1S/C24H38O4/c1-5-9-13-19(7-3)17-27-23(25)21-15-11-12-16-22(21)24(26)28-18-20(8-4)14-10-6-2/h11-12,15-16,19-20H,5-10,13-14,17-18H2,1-4H3
Key: BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: O=C(OCC(CC)CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1C(OCC(CC)CCCC)=O

Synonym(s): Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP, DOP, Phthalic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl ester)
Linear Formula: C6H4-1,2-[CO2CH2CH(C2H5)(CH2)3CH3]2
CAS Number: 117-81-7
Molecular Weight: 390.56
Beilstein: 1890696
EC Number: 204-211-0
MDL number: MFCD00009493
PubChem Substance ID: 24893594
NACRES: NA.22

Properties of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Chemical formula: C24H38O4
Molar mass: 390.564 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless, oily liquid
Density: 0.99 g/mL (20°C)
Melting point: −50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K)
Boiling point: 385 °C (725 °F; 658 K)
Solubility in water: 0.00003% (23.8 °C)
Vapor pressure: < 0.01 mmHg (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4870

vapor density: >16 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
vapor pressure: 1.2 mmHg ( 93 °C)
Assay: ≥99.5%
form: oil
autoignition temp.: 734 °F
impurities: ≤0.05% water (Karl Fischer)
color: APHA: ≤10

refractive index:
n25/D 1.483-1.487
n20/D 1.486 (lit.)

bp: 384 °C (lit.)
mp: −50 °C (lit.)

density:
0.985-0.987 g/mL at 20 °C
0.985 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

suitability: suitable for acidity (<=0.003%as phthalic acid)

SMILES string: CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)c1ccccc1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC
InChI: 1S/C24H38O4/c1-5-9-13-19(7-3)17-27-23(25)21-15-11-12-16-22(21)24(26)28-18-20(8-4)14-10-6-2/h11-12,15-16,19-20H,5-10,13-14,17-18H2,1-4H3
InChI key: BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 390.6 g/mol
XLogP3: 9.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 18
Exact Mass: 390.27700969 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 390.27700969 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 28
Complexity: 369
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Names of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Regulatory process names:
Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP)
Dioctyl phthalate
Dioctyl phthalate
dioctyl phthalate

IUPAC names:
1,2-dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Di-n-octyl Phthalate
dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
dioctyl phtalate
DIOCTYL PHTHALATE
Dioctyl phthalate
dioctyl phthalate

Preferred IUPAC name:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate

Other names:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di-sec octyl phthalate (archaic)
DEHP
Isooctyl phthalate, di-
DNOP

Other identifiers:
117-84-0
27214-90-0
8031-29-6

Synonyms of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Dioctyl phthalate
DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE
117-84-0
dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
DNOP
Vinicizer 85
Dinopol NOP
n-Octyl phthalate
Phthalic acid, dioctyl ester
Phthalic acid di-n-octyl ester
Dioctyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Dioctyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
Bis(n-octyl) phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-dioctyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester
RCRA waste number U107
di-octyl phthalate
Dioktylester kyseliny ftalove
NSC 15318
N-Dioctyl phthalate
CCRIS 6196
o-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarbonic acid, dioctyl ester
HSDB 1345
AI3-15071 (USDA)
EINECS 204-214-7
8031-29-6
Dioktylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
RCRA waste no. U107
BRN 1915994
Benzenedicarboxylic acid di-n-octyl ester
UNII-8X3RJ0527W
DTXSID1021956
CHEBI:34679
8X3RJ0527W
NSC-15318
NCGC00090781-02
DTXCID801956
Phthalic acid, bis-n-octyl ester
CAS-117-84-0
Di-n-octyl phthalate, analytical standard
Dioktylftalat
Diocyl phthalate
n-Dioctylphthalate
1, dioctyl ester
Vinycizer 85
Phthalate, Dioctyl
di-n-octylphthalate
Dioctyl o-phthalate
Phthalic acid dioctyl
Dioctyl phthalate, n-
DOP (CHRIS Code)
Dioctyl phthalate, n-;
Phtalate de dioctyle normal
Di-n-octylphthalate (DnOP)
SCHEMBL23053
BIDD:ER0319
DnOP (Di-n-octyl phthalate)
CHEMBL1409747
NSC15318
DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE [HSDB]
Tox21_111020
Tox21_202233
Tox21_300549
Di-n-octyl phthalate, p.a., 99%
LS-594
MFCD00015292
STL280370
O-Benzenedicarboxylicacid Dioctylester
AKOS015889916
1,2-dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
NCGC00090781-01
NCGC00090781-03
NCGC00090781-04
NCGC00090781-05
NCGC00254360-01
NCGC00259782-01
Di-n-octyl phthalate, >=98.0% (GC)
FT-0655747
FT-0667608
P0304
EN300-40135
IS_DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE-3,4,5,6-D4
A803836
Q908490
J-003672
J-520376
F0001-0293
Z407875554
Di-n-octyl phthalate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
4-[Bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl]morpholine
4-[Bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphoryl]morpholin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-[Bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphoryl]morpholine [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-[Bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphoryl]morpholine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
545-82-4 [RN]
Aziridine, 1,1'-(4-morpholinylphosphinylidene)bis-
Aziridine, 1,1'-(morpholinophosphinylidene)bis-
Bis(1-aziridinyl)morpholinophosphine oxide
Dioctyl phthalate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Morpholine, 4-[bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl]- [ACD/Index Name]
4-(di(aziridin-1-yl)phosphoryl)morpholine
4-[BIS(AZIRIDIN-1-YL)PHOSPHOROSO]MORPHOLINE
4-[bis(aziridin-1-yl)phosphoryl]morpholine
Aziridine, 1, 1'-(4-morpholinylphosphinylidene)bis-
Lederle 7-7344
MEPA
Morpholine, 4-(bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl)- (9CI)
Morpholine, 4-[bis (1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl]-
N-(3-Oxapentamethylene)-N',N''-diethylenephosphoramide
N, N'-Diethylene-N''-(3-oxapentamethylene)phosphoramide
N,N'-Diethylene-N''-(3-oxapentamethylene)phosphoramide
ODEPA
Oxa DEPA
Phosphine oxide, bis (1-aziridinyl)morpholino-
Phosphine oxide, bis(1-aziridinyl)-4-morpholinyl-
Phosphine oxide, bis(1-aziridinyl)morpholino-
Phosphine oxide, bis(1-aziridinyl)morpholino- (8CI)
Dioctyl phthalate
DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE
117-84-0
dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Dinopol NOP
n-Octyl phthalate
Vinicizer 85
DNOP
Phthalic acid, dioctyl ester
Polycizer 162
Phthalic acid di-n-octyl ester
Dioctyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Dioctyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-dioctyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester
Bis(n-octyl) phthalate
Dioktylester kyseliny ftalove
NSC 15318
UNII-8X3RJ0527W
1,2-Benzenedicarbonic acid, dioctyl ester
CHEBI:34679
8X3RJ0527W
MFCD00015292
68515-43-5
NCGC00090781-02
DSSTox_CID_1956
DSSTox_RID_76425
DSSTox_GSID_21956
8031-29-6
octyl 2-(octyloxycarbonyl)benzoate
di-octyl phthalate
CAS-117-84-0
Di-n-octyl phthalate, analytical standard
CCRIS 6196
HSDB 1345
AI3-15071 (USDA)
EINECS 204-214-7
Dioktylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
RCRA waste no. U107
BRN 1915994
Benzenedicarboxylic acid di-n-octyl ester
1, dioctyl ester
Vinycizer 85
di-n-octylphthalate
Dioctyl o-phthalate
Phthalic acid dioctyl
Phthalic acid, bis-n-octyl ester
0014AD
ANW-17052
Di-n-octyl phthalate, p.a., 99%
NSC-15318
SBB008723
STL280370
AKOS015889916
MCULE-5138747558
1,2-dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Di-n-octyl phthalate, >=98.0% (GC)
LS-15074
FT-0655747
FT-0667608
P0304
ST50826905
C14227
1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID DIOCTYL ESTER
Di-n-octyl phthalate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE)
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an organic chemical, specifically a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle with tertiary amine functionality.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine-based catalyst .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.


CAS Number: 6425-39-4
EC Number: 229-194-7
MDL number: MFCD00072740
Chemical name: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3



SYNONYMS:
2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, [ChemIDplus] Lupragen N 106, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether, DMDEE, [BASF MSDS] DABCO DMDEE catalyst, [Air Products MSDS] JCDMDEE, JEFFCAT DMDEE, [Huntsman Petrochemical, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, 2,2′-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, .BETA., .BETA.'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)BIS(MORPHOLINE), 4,4'- (OXYDIETHYLENE)DIMORPHOLINE, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS(MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2, 1-ETHANEDIYL)BIS-, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)DI-, NSC-28749, 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Niax« Catalyst DMDEE, 4,4′-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, Morpholone 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- 4,4’-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholone], Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether



Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a strong foaming catalyst, which can make NCO containing components have a long storage life due to the steric effect of amino group.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee), with the chemical formula C10H20N2O2 and CAS registry number 6425-39-4, is a compound known for its use as a solvent and a reagent in various chemical reactions.


This colorless liquid, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee), also referred to as DME, is characterized by its two morpholine rings attached to the diethyl ether backbone.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a straw yellow viscous liquid.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a colorless to yellowish liquid with an odor of amines.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) has fishy odor.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) acts as a very selective blowing catalyst.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) provides a stable prepolymer system.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a liquid, tertiary amine catalyst used in the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams and
adhesives.


In polyol formulations, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) has shown good blowing efficiency and mild gel activity, and is excellent for consideration where storage stability is critical due to the acidity coming from HFO, formic acid or polyesters.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is suitable for water curing systems, A strong blowing catalyst, due to the steric hindrance of amino groups, can extend the storage period of NCO components, suitable for the catalytic reaction of NCO and water in systems such as TDI, MDI, and IPDI.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an acronym for dimorpholinodiethyl ether but is almost always referred to as DMDEE (pronounced dumdee) in the polyurethane industry.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an organic chemical, specifically a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle with tertiary amine functionality.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a catalyst used mainly to produce polyurethane foam.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) has the CAS number 6425-39-4 and is TSCA and REACH registered and on EINECS with the number 229-194-7.
The IUPAC name of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine and the chemical formula C12H24N2O3.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine-based catalyst .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a strong foaming catalyst.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid and is soluble in water.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine catalyst suitable for water curing systems.


Due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups, NCO-containing components can have a long storage period.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is one of the important polyurethane catalysts.


There are two methods for the synthesis of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee): diethylene glycol and ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and metal catalysts, reacting at high temperature and high pressure to obtain bismorpholinyl diethyl ether; or diethylene glycol and morpholine in hydrogen and metal catalyst copper or cobalt.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a strong blowing catalyst with low gelling activity.
Therefore, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a preferred catalyst for one-component polyurethane systems (OCF and prepolymers) with long shelf life.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine blowing catalyst particularly suitable for one- and two-component rigid foam sealant systems as well as flexible slabstock foams.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) provides system tability in moisture cured polyurethane
Stored Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) in a cool dry place out of direct sunlight.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine catalyst suitable for curing system.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) accounts for 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine catalyst suitable for curing systems.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a strong blowing catalyst.


Due to the steric hindrance of the amino group, the NCO-containing components have a long storage period.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee), with the chemical formula C10H24N2O2, has the CAS number 6425-39-4.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a chemical compound that appears as a colorless liquid with a faint odor.


The basic structure of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) consists of two morpholine rings attached to an ethyl group.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is soluble in water.
In terms of safety information, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) may cause irritation to the skin and eyes.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a reactive chemical agent that has been used as a sealant for the insulation and maintenance of joints.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) reacts with water vapor or moisture in the air, which causes it to harden.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is also known as DMDE and has been used in analytical chemistry as an optimal reagent for reactions with high resistance.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a divalent hydrocarbon molecule with two hydroxy groups on its backbone.


The reaction products of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) are viscosity and reaction solution.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can be used in coatings due to its reactivity.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is important to avoid direct contact with this chemical.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an amine-like odor.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is also miscible with water.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) molecule contains a total of 41 atom(s).
There are 24 Hydrogen atom(s), 12 Carbon atom(s), 2 Nitrogen atom(s), and 3 Oxygen atom(s).
A chemical formula of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can therefore be written as: C12H24N2O3


The chemical formula of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) shown above is based on the molecular formula indicating the numbers of each type of atom in a molecule without structural information, which is different from the empirical formula which provides the numerical proportions of atoms of each type.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine based catalyst that is also known as dimorpholino-diethyl ether.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Other release to the environment of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and building & construction work.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used for the manufacture of: furniture.


Release to the environment of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used as a polyurethane catalyst.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) tends to be used in one-component rather than 2-component polyurethane systems.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee)'s use has been investigated in polyurethanes for controlled drug release and also adhesives for medical applications.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and polymers.


Other release to the environment of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee)'s use as a catalyst including the kinetics and thermodynamics have been studied and reported on extensively.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a popular catalyst along with DABCO.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is mainly used for one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft and semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can be used in one- and two-component sealant foams as well as flexible slabstock foams.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is suitable for use in water curing systems.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is also used in hot melt adhesives.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) has been studied for its potential applications in organic synthesis and as a solvent for various reactions.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an important compound in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering, contributing to the development of new materials and processes.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is mainly used for single-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-hard foam, CASE materials, etc.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is suitable for use in water curing systems.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a strong foaming catalyst .


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.
Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.


The CASE material or the like is added in an amount of 0.3 to 0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used as a one-component polyurethane system (such as one-component polyurethane sealant, one-component polyurethane foam, one-component polyurethane


The catalyst (or curing agent) in grouting materials, etc.).
Since one-component polyurethane prepolymer requires long-term storage stability, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) plays a key role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymer.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) quality puts forward extremely high requirements.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used in one-component coating systems.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used intermediate used in Polyurethane catalysts and Initial product for chemical syntheses.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used as a catalyst (or curing agent) in one-component polyurethane systems (eg, one-component polyurethane caulk, one-component polyurethane foam adhesive, one-component polyurethane grouting material, etc.) .
Since single-component polyurethane prepolymers require long-term storage stability, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) plays an important role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymers, which also puts forward very high requirements for the quality of bismorpholine diethyl ether products.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and also used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-rigid foam, CASE material, etc.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV).
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used good blowing catalyst that does not cause cross-linking.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can also be used as catalyst for formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a strong foaming catalyst .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.


Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used catalyst particularly suitable for one component polyurethane rigid foam sealant systems.


Important While the descriptions, designs, data and information contained herein are presented in good faith and believed to be accurate, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is provided for your guidance only.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used as a blowing agent in the production of flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


-Scientific Research Applications of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee):
*Catalyst in Polyurethane Foam Production:
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether: acts as an effective catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams .

Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) facilitates the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, which are the key components in creating these foams.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee)’s ability to accelerate the gelling process without promoting cross-linking makes it valuable in manufacturing flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams.


-Property Modifier for Analytical Techniques:
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) , which is utilized in Matrix Assisted Ionization Vacuum (MAIV) analysis .

This application is significant in the field of mass spectrometry, where Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) aids in the ionization process of analytes, thus enhancing the detection and analysis of various substances.


-Adhesive Formulation uses of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is also used in formulating adhesives .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee)'s chemical properties contribute to the adhesive’s performance, particularly in terms of flexibility, curing time, and bonding strength.


-Modifier in Polypropylene Glycol (PPG) Silica:
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) serves as a modifier in the incorporation of fumed silica into polypropylene glycol .
This modification is crucial in enhancing the properties of PPG, such as viscosity and thermal stability, which are important in various industrial applications.


-Catalyst for Blowing Reactions:
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee): is a good blowing catalyst that is used in reactions to create foams .
This application of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is particularly relevant in the production of insulation materials, where controlled foam expansion is necessary.


-Research on Amine-Based Catalysts use of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee):
Lastly, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is subject to research as an amine-based catalyst .
Scientists are investigating Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee)'s catalytic properties in various chemical reactions, which could lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly processes in the chemical industry.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) has a refractive index of 1.484 (lit.) and a boiling point of 309 °C (lit.) .
The density of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature, soluble in water;
Viscosity (25 ° C, mPa.s): 18
Density (25 ° C, g / cm 3): 1.06
Water soluble: soluble in water
Flash point (TCC, °C): 146
Amine value (mmol/g): 7.9-8.1 mmol/g



KEY FEATURES AND TYPICAL BENEFITS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
• Virtually no impact on shelf life when mixed in isocyanate and isocyanate prepolymers, for ease of use in one-component foam formulations
• Low odor
• High purity



SYNTHESIS ROUTES AND METHODS I OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Procedure details:
The pressure was set to a constant 16 bar absolute, the fresh gas flow was set to a constant 300 standard l/h of hydrogen and the circulating gas was set to a constant approx. 300 pressure liters/(lcat•h).

Ammonia and diethylene glycol were vaporized separately and preheated diethylene glycol was then introduced into the hot circulating gas stream, after which hot ammonia was fed into the reactor via a pressurized gas pump.
The laden circulating gas stream was reacted isothermally at 210° C. (+/−2° C.) and 16 bar over the catalyst in the tube reactor.

The synthesis was carried out at a space velocity over the catalyst of 0.30 lalcohol/lcat•h, a molar ratio of ammonia/alcohol of 3:1 and an amount of fresh gas/H2 of 300 standard liters/lcat•h.
90% of the alcohol was reacted in the reaction end a selectivity of 50% based on the diol used was achieved.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) was condensed in a pressure gas separator and collected for purification by distillation.



FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is already used in a variety of applications, including as a catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings .

Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can also be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV) .
Future research and development may explore new uses and applications for Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee).



MODE OF ACTION OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) interacts with its targets by accelerating the reaction rate of the polymeric curing process .
This interaction results in a more efficient and faster curing process, which is crucial in the production of various polymeric materials .



BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
The biochemical pathways affected by Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) involve the reactions of polymeric curing .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) facilitates these reactions, leading to the formation of stable polymeric structures.
The downstream effects include the production of materials with desired properties such as flexibility, durability, and resistance to environmental factors.



RESULT OF ACTION OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
The molecular and cellular effects of the action of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) are observed in the formation of polymeric materials .
By acting as a catalyst in the curing process, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) enables the creation of materials with specific physical and chemical properties.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Target of Action
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee), primarily targets the process of polymeric curing .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) acts as a catalyst for this process, facilitating the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol incorporated fumed silica .



SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) belongs to the group of morpholine derivatives which have been developed as corrosion inhibitors for various applications.



MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
The molecular formula of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is C12H24N2O3 .
The IUPAC name of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine .
The molecular weight of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is 244.33 g/mol .



CHEMICAL REACTIONS ANALYSIS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used in the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica .



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Presure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66 Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Viscosity: 216.6mm2/s
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Physical state: liquid
Color: yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 309 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,06 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Molecular Weight:244.33
Exact Mass:244.33
EC Number:229-194-7
UNII:5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number:28749
DSSTox ID:DTXSID9042170
HScode:2934999090
PSA:34.2
XLogP3:-0.6
Appearance:Liquid
Density:1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point:176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point:295 °F
Refractive Index:1.482

Density: 1.061g/cm3
Boiling point: 333.9°C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash point: 96.7°C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5

Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area :34.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers;
Polymer Additives; Organics; Polymer Science
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 333.9±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: -28 °C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.331
Flash Point: 96.7±23.7 °C
Exact Mass: 244.178696
PSA: 34.17000
LogP: -1.09
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.482
Product name: 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether

Synonyms: DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.06 g/ml
Melting point: -28 degrees
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.061g/cm3

Boiling Point: 333.9 °C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash Point: 96.7 °C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
CAS NO:6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Organics;Polymer Additives;Polymer Science;
Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 295 °F
Appearance: STRAW YELLOW

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
PKA: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid

Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F

Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry, 2-8°C
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃

Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4

NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid
Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
Molecular Weight: 244.33
XLogP3: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6

Exact Mass: 244.17869263
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Complexity: 172
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Name: 4,4-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular formula: C₁₂H₂₄N₂O₃
Molecular weight: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25°C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28°C
Boiling Point: 309°C (lit.)

Flash Point: 295 °F
Preservation conditions: 2-8°C, Dry
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS: 6425-39-4
Category: Plastic Additives
Description: Liquid
IUPAC Name: 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Canonical SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChI Key: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Complexity: 172

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
EC Number: 229-194-7
Exact Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
Formal Charge: 0
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
NSC Number: 28749
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
XLogP3: -0.6
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
Unique Ingredient Identifier: 5BH27U8GG4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3

International Chemical Identifier (InChI): ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Additional Physical Properties:
Viscosity (25℃): 18 mPa•s
Relative Density (25℃): 1.06
Boiling Point: Greater than 225℃
Melting Point: Less than -28℃
Flash Point (TCC): 146℃
Amine Value: 7.9–8.1 mmol/g



FIRST AID MEASURES of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


BIS(CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used in cleaning compounds, paints, textile finishing, and as a general solvent.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether does not occur naturally, but is manufactured by humans for use in the production of pesticides and other chemicals.

CAS Number: 111-44-4
EC Number: 203-870-1
Chemical Formula: (ClCH2CH2)2O
Molar Mass: 143.01 g/mol

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is an organic compound with the formula O(CH2CH2Cl)2.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is an ether with two 2-chloroethyl substituents.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a colorless liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong odor.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used as a solvent for lacquers, resins and oils, and as a soil fumigant, wetting agent, cleaning compound and textile finishing agent.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether dissolves easily in water, and some of Bis(chloroethyl) ether will slowly evaporate to the air.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether does not occur naturally.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is made in factories, and most of Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used to make pesticides.
Some of Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, rust inhibitor, or as a chemical intermediate to make other chemicals.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sweet pleasant or nauseating odor.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is denser than water and insoluble in water.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is toxic by inhalation and skin absorption.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used in cleaning compounds, paints, textile finishing, and as a general solvent.

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is an ether.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a colorless non-flammable liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether does not occur naturally, but is manufactured by humans for use in the production of pesticides and other chemicals.

Limited amounts of Bis(chloroethyl) ether dissolve in water and also slowly evaporate into air.
In the environment, Bis(chloroethyl) ether is broken down by bacteria in soil and water and by chemical reactions in the air, so Bis(chloroethyl) ether does not tend to persist for long periods.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a chemical compound (an ether), which contains two 2-chloroethyl groups.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a clear liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a clear man-made liquid with a strong, fruity smell.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is made by industry and used as a solvent.
Solvents help dissolve other substances.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used to make pesticides and other chemicals.

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is an obsolete fumigant.
Very little information has been published regarding Bis(chloroethyl) ether environmental fate although Bis(chloroethyl) ether is highly soluble in water.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is not highly toxic to aquatic organisms.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is highly toxic to mammals and Bis(chloroethyl) ether may be considered to be a neurotoxin.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is an organic compound with the formula O(CH2CH2Cl)2.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is an ether with two 2-chloroethyl substituents.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a colorless liquid with the odor of a chlorinated solvent.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used as a solvent and soil fumigant.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether may be used in the preparation of macrocyclic polyethers, dibenzo-18-crown-6 polyether and dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 polyether.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a man-made chemical that does not occur naturally.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether dissolves easily in water, and some will slowly evaporate to the air.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is mostly used as an intermediate to make pesticides and other chemicals.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether can also be used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, and rust inhibitor.

In the environment, bis(2-chlorethyl) ether slowly evaporate from surface water and soil into the air.
Because bis(2-chlorethyl) ether dissolves in water, Bis(chloroethyl) ether is removed from the air by rain creating a cycle between water, soil, and air.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether does not stick strongly to the soil so some may move into the groundwater.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether can be broken down by bacteria in water and soil.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether does not build up (accumulate) in plants or animals.

Uses of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is primarily used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of pesticides.
A small amount of Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used as a solvent.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used as a solvent, dewaxing agent, wetting agent, soil fumigant, and chemical intermediate.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used to control earworms on corn silks; No longer used as a soil fumigant.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used in pesticides.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is also used as a solvent, cleaner, component of paint and varnish, rust inhibitor, or as a chemical intermediate to make other chemicals.
Exposure occurs from consumption of drinking water that contains Bis(chloroethyl) ether, breathing Bis(chloroethyl) ether vapors, and dermal contact.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is primarily used as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of pesticides.
A small amount of Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used as a solvent.

In the past, Bis(chloroethyl) ether was used as a solvent for fats, waxes, greases, and esters.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether has also been used as a constituent of paints and varnishes, as a cleaning fluid for textiles, and in the purification of oils and gasoline.

Uses at industrial sites:
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used in the following products: polymers.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Bis(chloroethyl) ether is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Bis(chloroethyl) ether can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Industry Uses:
Intermediate
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Surface active agents

Consumer Uses:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Farming (Pesticides)

Physical Properties of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is a colorless nonflammable liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
The odor threshold for Bis(chloroethyl) ether is 0.049 ppm.

The chemical formula for Bis(chloroethyl) ether is C4H8Cl2O, and Bis(chloroethyl) ether has a molecular weight of 143.04 g/mol.
The vapor pressure for Bis(chloroethyl) ether is 0.71 mm Hg at 20 °C, and Bis(chloroethyl) ether has a log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) of 1.58.

Reactions and applications of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is less reactive than the corresponding sulfur mustard S(CH2CH2Cl)2.
In the presence of base, Bis(chloroethyl) ether reacts with catechol to form dibenzo-18-crown-6.

Bis(chloroethyl) ether can be used in the synthesis of the cough suppressant fedrilate.
Bis(chloroethyl) ether is combined with benzyl cyanide and two molar equivalents of sodamide in a ring-forming reaction.

When treated with strong base, Bis(chloroethyl) ether gives divinyl ether, an anesthetic:
O(CH2CH2Cl)2 + 2 KOH → O(CH=CH2)2 + 2 KCl + 2 H2O

Sampling Procedures of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Air samples containing sym-Bis(chloroethyl) ether are taken with a glass tube, 7 cm x 4 mm ID, containing two sections of activated coconut shell charcoal (front= 100 mg, back= 50 mg) separated by a 2 mm urethane foam plug.
A silylated glass wool plug precedes the front section and a 3 mm urethane foam plug follows the back section.
A sampling pump is connected to this tube and accurately calibrated at a flow rate of 0.01 to 1 l/min for a total sample size of 2 to 15 liters.

Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure are best taken during periods of maximum expected airborne concentrations of Bis(chloroethyl) ether.

Each measurement should consist of a fifteen (15) minute sample or series of consecutive samples totaling fifteen (15) minutes in the employee's breathing zone (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employee).
A minimum of three (3) measurements should be taken on one work shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an estimate of the employee's exposure.

EPA Method 625: Grab samples of water in municipal and industrial discharges must be collected in glass containers, amber, 1.1 l or 1 qt fitted with a screw cap lined with Teflon, except that the bottles must not be prerinsed with sample before collection.
Fill the sample bottles, and if residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg of sodium thiosulfate per liter of sample and mix well.

All samples must be iced or refrigerated from the time of collection until analysis.
All samples must be extracted within 7 days of collection and completely analyzed within 40 days of extraction.

Extraction is performed by adding 60 ml of methylene chloride to the sample in a separatory funnel and shaking.
The combined extract is then concentrated using a Kuderna-Danish apparatus.

EPA Method 1625: Collect water samples in municipal and industrial discharges in glass containers, amber, 1.1 l minimum with threaded caps lined with Teflon.
Maintain samples at 0-4 °C from the time of collection until extraction.

If residual chlorine is present, add 80 mg sodium thiosulfate per liter of water.
Extraction is performed by adding methylene chloride to the samples in a continuous liquid-liquid extractor and concentrated with a Kuderna-Danish apparatus.
Begin sample extraction within seven days of collection, and analyze all extracts within 40 days of extraction.

Analytic Laboratory Methods of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of sym-Bis(chloroethyl) ether consists of a stainless steel column, 3 m x 3 mm ID, packed with DMCS Chromosorb W-AW (80/100 mesh) coated with 10% FFAP, with hydrogen-air flame ionization detector, and nitrogen or helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 30 ml/min, is a NIOSH approved method.
A sample injection volume of 5 ul is suggested, the column temperature is 100 °C, the injection temperature is 200 °C, and the detection temperature is 250 °C.
This method has an estimated detection limit of 0.01 mg/sample, and a relative standard deviation of 0.007, over a working range of 10 to 270 mg/cu m for a 15 liter air sample.

EPA Method 611: A gas chromatography method for the analysis of haloethers in municipal and industrial discharges, consists of a glass column, 1.8 m x 2 mm ID, packed with Supelcoport (100/120 mesh) coated with 3% SP-1000, with a halide specific detector (electrolytic conductivity or microcoulometric), and helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 40 ml/min.
A sample injection volume of 2 to 5 ul is suggested, the column temperature is held isothermal at 60 °C for two min after injection then programmed at 8 °C/min to 230 °C and held for four min.
For Bis(chloroethyl) ether the method has a detection limit of 0.3 ug/l and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery +0.36, over a working range of 1.0 to 626 ug/l.

EPA Method 8250: GC/MS for Semivolatile Organics: Packed Column Technique: Extracted samples are analyzed using GC coupled with mass spectrometry.
Under the prescribed conditions, Bis(chloroethyl) ether has a detection limit of 5.7 ug/l, a retention time of 8.4 min, and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery + 0.10 ug/l, over a working range of 5-1300 ug/l.

EPA Method 8270: GC/MS for Semivolatile Organics: Capillary Column Technique: Extracted samples are analyzed using GC coupled with mass spectrometry.
Under the prescribed conditions, Bis(chloroethyl) ether has a retention time of 5.82 min and an overall precision of 0.35 times the average recovery + 0.10 ug/l, over a working range of 5-1300 ug/l.

Handling and Storage of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

Stop leak if you can do Bis(chloroethyl) ether without risk.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.

Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage stability:

Recommended storage temperature:
2 - 8 °C

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 3: Flammable liquids

Reactivity Profile of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Bis(chloroethyl) ether may form phosgene or hydrogen when heated to high temperature.
Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously.

Mixing in equal molar portions with the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid and oleum.

First aid measures of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show Bis(chloroethyl) ether safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
In exceptional cases only, if medical care is not available within one hour, induce vomiting (only in persons who are wide awake and fully conscious), administer activated charcoal (20 - 40 g in a 10% slurry) and consult a doctor as quickly as possible.

Fire Fighting of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Wear full protective clothing.
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.

Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.
Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Use water, foam, mist, fog, spray, or dry chemical.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.

Small fires:
Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam.

Large fires:
Water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk.
Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out.

Fight fire from maximum distance.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter Bis(chloroethyl) ether.

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

In case of fire:
Keep cylinder cool by spraying with water.
NO direct contact with water.

Firefighting measures of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Bis(chloroethyl) ether no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Carbon oxides
Hydrogen chloride gas
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air at elevated temperatures.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Water, foam, mist, fog, spray, dry chemical.

If material is on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water and apply water from as far a distance as possible.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire:
Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away.
Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving Bis(chloroethyl) ether.

Accidental Release Measures of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:

Isolation and Evacuation:
1. Remove all ignition sources.
2. Ventilate area of spill or leak.
3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels.

Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood).
Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork.

Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials.
Large quantities can be reclaimed.

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:

Personal protection:
Chemical protection suit.
Ventilation.

Remove all ignition sources.
Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.

Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Identifiers of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
CAS Number: 111-44-4
ChEBI: CHEBI:34573
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1613350
ChemSpider: 21106016
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.519
EC Number: 203-870-1
KEGG: C14688
PubChem CID: 8115
RTECS number: KN0875000
UNII: 6K7D1G5M5N
UN number: 1916
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9020168
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
Key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
Key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYAN
SMILES: ClCCOCCCl

CAS number: 111-44-4
EC index number: 603-029-00-2
EC number: 203-870-1
Hill Formula: C₄H₈Cl₂O
Chemical formula: (ClCH₂CH₂)₂O
Molar Mass: 143.01 g/mol
HS Code: 2909 19 90

Synonym(s): Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Linear Formula: (ClCH2CH2)2O
CAS Number: 111-44-4
Molecular Weight: 143.01
Beilstein: 605317
EC Number: 203-870-1
MDL number: MFCD00000975
PubChem Substance ID: 24892662
NACRES: NA.22

Boiling point: 177 - 178 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.22 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.8 %(V)
Flash point: 55.0 °C
Ignition temperature: 365 °C
Melting Point: -47.0 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.95 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 0.01 g/l

Properties of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Chemical formula: C4H8Cl2O
Molar mass: 143.01 g·mol−1
Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: Chlorinated, solvent-like
Density: 1.22 g/mL
Melting point: −50 °C; −58 °F; 223 K
Boiling point: 178 °C; 352 °F; 451 K decomposes
Solubility in water: 10,200 mg/L
Vapor pressure: 0.7 mmHg (20 °C)

vapor pressure: 0.4 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Assay: 99%
form: liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.456 (lit.)
bp: 65-67 °C/15 mmHg (lit.)
mp: −47 °C (lit.)
density: 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: ClCCOCCCl
InChI: 1S/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
InChI key: ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 143.01 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 141.9952203 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 141.9952203 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 9.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 28.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.218 - 1.219
Identity (IR): passes test

Related compounds of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
Sulfur mustard
Nitrogen mustard
2-Bromoethyl ether

Names of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:

Regulatory process names:
2,2'-DICHLORODIETHYL ETHER
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-

Translated names:
2,2’-Dichlor-diethylether (de)
bi(2-cloretil) eter (ro)
bis(2-chloorethyl)ether (nl)
bis(2-chlorethyl)ether (cs)
bis(2-chlorethyl)ether (da)
bis(2-chloretil)eteris (lt)
bis(2-chloroéthyl)éther (fr)
bis(2-chlóretyl)éter (sk)
bis(2-cloroetile) etere (it)
bis(2-kloorietyyli)eetteri (fi)
bis(2-kloretyl)eter 2,2'-diklordietyleter (no)
bis(2-kloretyl)eter 2,2'-diklordietyleter (sv)
bis(2-kloroetil) eter (sl)
bis(2-kloroetil)-eter (hr)
bis(2-kloroetüül)eeter (et)
bisz(2-klóretil)-éter (hu)
eter bis(2-chloroetylowy) eter 2,2'-dichlorodietylowy (pl)
eteru tal-bis(2-kloroetil) (mt)
éter bis(2-cloroetílico) (es)
éter bis(2-cloroetílico) (pt)
δις(2-χλωροαιθυλ)αιθέρας (el)
бис(2-хлорoетил) етер (bg)

IUPAC names:
1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) Ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane

Other names:
Oxygen mustard;
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
Chlore
Khloreks
DCEE
2-Chloroethyl ether
1,1'-oxybis[2-chloroethane]

Other identifiers:
111-44-4
603-029-00-2
92091-28-6

Synonyms of Bis(chloroethyl) ether:
111-44-4
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
2-Chloroethyl ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
DCEE
Chlorex
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Chloroethyl ether
Dichloroether
Khloreks
Clorex
sym-Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloroethyl oxide
1,5-Dichloro-3-oxapentane
Ether dichlore
BCEE
2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether
2,2'-Dichloroethyl ether
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Oxyde de chlorethyle
Bis(chloro-2-ethyl) oxide
Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane
2,2'-Dichloorethylether
Rcra waste number U025
2,2'-dichlorodiethylether
Bis(chloroethyl)ether
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether
Caswell No. 309
ENT 4,504
Bis-2-chloroethylether
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
Ether dichlore [French]
Di(beta-chloroethyl)ether
bis-(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Bis(beta-chloroethyl) ether
CCRIS 88
Dicholoroethyl ether
Dichlorodiethyl ether
NSC 406647
Oxyde de chlorethyle [French]
beta,beta-Dichlorodiethyl ether
HSDB 502
s-Dichloroethyl ether
Bis(chloroethyl) ether
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter [Polish]
2,2'-Dichloorethylether [Dutch]
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere [Italian]
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-chloro-
2,2-dichlorodiethylether
.beta.,.beta.'-Dichloroethyl ether
EINECS 203-870-1
UN1916
1-Chloro-2-(beta-chloroethoxy)ethane
RCRA waste no. U025
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether [German]
bis (2-chloroethyl) ether
bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 029501
BRN 0605317
UNII-6K7D1G5M5N
Di(.beta.-chloroethyl) ether
beta,beta'-Dichloroethyl ether
Bis(chloroethyl)ether (BCEE)
AI3-04504
Bis(.beta.-chloroethyl) ether
6K7D1G5M5N
beta,beta'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
DTXSID9020168
CHEBI:34573
MFCD00000975
.beta.,.beta.'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
NSC-406647
1-Chloro-2-(.beta.-chloroethoxy)ethane
EC 203-870-1
DTXCID70168
1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane]
CAS-111-44-4
2-dichlorodiethyl ether
2-chloroethylether
2-chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Di(chloroethyl) oxide
O(CCCl)CCCl
2,2'-Diklordietyleter
Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
DEE (CHRIS Code)
bis-(2chloroethyl)ether
1-chloromethylmethylether
Ether, bis(chloroethyl)
bis-(2-choroethyl)ether
bis (2-chloroethyl)ether
1-chloromethylmethyl ether
bis(beta-chloroethyl)ether
2,2'Dichlorodiethyl ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride
2,2'-Dichlor-diethylether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl oxide
2-Chloroethyl ether, 99%
WLN: G2O2G
SCHEMBL58439
Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)-
1,1-oxybis[2-chloroethane]
MLS002454390
BIDD:ER0300
Ethane,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-
ther bis (chloro-2 thylique)
ETHER, DI(CHLOROETHYL)
CHEMBL1613350
Ethane, 1,1'oxybis[2-chloro-
AMY9389
beta ,beta'-dichlorodiethyl ether
Bis (chloroethyl) ether (BCEE)
BIS(2 CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
HMS3039G11
Etano, 1,1'-oxibis [2-cloro-
1-(2-chloroethoxy)-2-chloroethane
BCP22801
Tox21_202074
Tox21_300514
LS-533
NA1916
NSC406647
STL282719
SYM-DICHLOROETHYL ETHER [MI]
1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethane
1-chloro-2-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-ethane
AKOS000118954
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane #
BCP9000069
UN 1916
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)ETHER [IARC]
BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER [HSDB]
NCGC00090856-01
NCGC00090856-02
NCGC00090856-03
NCGC00254256-01
NCGC00259623-01
AS-11884
SMR001372006
B0472
Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether)
EN300-19202
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
Q-200159
Q2509768
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
Dichloroethyl ether; (1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane)
InChI=1/C4H8Cl2O/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H
F0001-0241
bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether 1000 microg/mL in Methanol, Second Source
111-44-4 [RN]
1-Chlor-2-(2-chlorethoxy)ethan [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloroéthoxy)éthane [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
203-870-1 [EINECS]
2-Chloroethyl ether
6K7D1G5M5N
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
Bis(chloroethyl) ether [Wiki]
ethane, 1-chloro-2-(2-chloroethoxy)-
Ethane, 2,2'-oxybis[1-chloro- [ACD/Index Name]
MFCD00000975 [MDL number]
[111-44-4] [RN]
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane
1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
1,1-oxybis[2-chloroethane]
1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloroethane]
1,5-Dichloro-3-oxapentane
1-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-ethoxy)-ethane
1-Chloro-2-(b-chloroethoxy)ethane
1-Chloro-2-(β-chloroethoxy)ethane
1-Chloro-2-(β-chloroethoxy)ethane
2, 2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
2,2`-Dichlordiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichloorethylether
2,2'-Dichloorethylether [Dutch]
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether
2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether [German]
2,2'-Dichlordiethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether [UN1916] [Poison]
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl ether, ß
2,2'-Dichlorodiethyl oxide
2,2'-dichlorodiethylether
2,2-Dichlorodiethylether
2,2'-dichloroethyl ether
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere
2,2'-Dicloroetiletere [Italian]
2-chloro-1-(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
2-ChloroethylEther
4-01-00-01375 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
92091-28-6 [RN]
93952-02-4 [RN]
b,b'-dichlorodiethyl ether
b,b-dichlorodiethyl ether
b,b'-Dichloroethyl Ether
BCEE
Bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)-d8 Ether
bis-(2-Chloroethyl)ether
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (d8)
Bis(b-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(chloro-2-ethyl) oxide
Bis(chloroethyl)ether
bis(ß-chloroethyl) ether
bis(β-chloroethyl) ether
Bis(β-chloroethyl) ether
Bis-2-chloroethylether
Chlorex
CHLOROETHYL ETHER
clorex
dcee
Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
Di(b-chloroethyl) ether
Di(chloroethyl) oxide
Di(β-chloroethyl) ether
Di(β-chloroethyl)ether
Dichlorodiethyl ether
dichloroether
'-Dichloroethyl ether
DICHLOROETHYL ETHER
Dichloroethyl oxide
Dicholoroethyl ether
Diethylene glycol dichloride
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter
Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter [Polish]
EINECS 203-870-1
Ether dichlore
Ether dichlore [French]
ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)
Ether, bis(chloroethyl)
ETHERBISCHLOROETHYL
G2O2G [WLN]
Khloreks
Oxybis(2-chloroethane)
Oxyde de chlorethyle
Oxyde de chlorethyle [French]
s-Dichloroethyl ether
sym-Dichloroethyl Ether
UN 1916
UNII:6K7D1G5M5N
UNII-6K7D1G5M5N
WLN: G2O2G
β ,β'-dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-Dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β-Dichlorodiethyl ether
β,β'-Dichloroethyl ether
β,β'-Dichloroethyl Ether
β,β-DICHLOROETHYL ETHER
β-chloroethyl ether
BIS(METHACRYLOYLOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE
BIS-AMINOPROPYL DIGLYCOL DIMALEATE, N° CAS : 1629579-82-3, Nom INCI : BIS-AMINOPROPYL DIGLYCOL DIMALEATE. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent bouclant ou lissant (coiffant) : Modifie la structure chimique des cheveux, pour les coiffer dans le style requis Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
BIS-AMINOPROPYL DIGLYCOL DIMALEATE
BIS-ETHOXYDIGLYCOL SUCCINATE, N° CAS : 828918-62-3, Nom INCI : BIS-ETHOXYDIGLYCOL SUCCINATE. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
BIS-ETHOXYDIGLYCOL SUCCINATE
SYNONYMS 2,2'-[6-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl]bis[5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-phenol];Bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine;2,2'-[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl]bis{5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]phenol};2,2'-(6-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(5-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenol) CAS NO:187393-00-6
BIS-ETHYLHEXYLOXYPHENOL METHOXYPHENYL TRIAZINE
BIS-GLYCERYL ASCORBATE, Nom INCI : BIS-GLYCERYL ASCORBATE. Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau
BIS-GLYCERYL ASCORBATE
AMMONIUM BICARBONATE, N° CAS : 1066-33-7 , Bicarbonate d'ammonium, Nom INCI : AMMONIUM BICARBONATE, Nom chimique : Ammonium hydrogencarbonate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 213-911-5, Additif alimentaire : E503, Ses fonctions (INCI): Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques
BIS-MORPHOLINO-DIETHYLETHER
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is an amine-based catalyst.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a straw yellow viscous liquid.


CAS Number: 6425-39-4
EC Number: 229-194-7
MDL number: MFCD00072740
Chemical name: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3



SYNONYMS:
2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, [ChemIDplus] Lupragen N 106, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether, DMDEE, [BASF MSDS] DABCO DMDEE catalyst, [Air Products MSDS] JCDMDEE, JEFFCAT DMDEE, [Huntsman Petrochemical, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, 2,2′-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, .BETA., .BETA.'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)BIS(MORPHOLINE), 4,4'- (OXYDIETHYLENE)DIMORPHOLINE, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS(MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2, 1-ETHANEDIYL)BIS-, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)DI-, NSC-28749, 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Niax« Catalyst DMDEE, 4,4′-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, Morpholone 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- 4,4’-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholone], Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether



Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a strong blowing catalyst with low gelling activity.
Therefore, Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a preferred catalyst for one-component polyurethane systems (OCF and prepolymers) with long shelf life.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is an amine blowing catalyst particularly suitable for one- and two-component rigid foam sealant systems as well as flexible slabstock foams.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether provides system tability in moisture cured polyurethane
Stored Bis-morpholino-diethylether in a cool dry place out of direct sunlight.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is an amine catalyst suitable for curing system.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a strong foaming catalyst, which can make NCO containing components have a long storage life due to the steric effect of amino group.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether, with the chemical formula C10H20N2O2 and CAS registry number 6425-39-4, is a compound known for its use as a solvent and a reagent in various chemical reactions.


This colorless liquid, Bis-morpholino-diethylether, also referred to as DME, is characterized by its two morpholine rings attached to the diethyl ether backbone.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a straw yellow viscous liquid.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a colorless to yellowish liquid with an odor of amines.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether has fishy odor.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether acts as a very selective blowing catalyst.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is an acronym for dimorpholinodiethyl ether but is almost always referred to as DMDEE (pronounced dumdee) in the polyurethane industry.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is an organic chemical, specifically a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle with tertiary amine functionality.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a catalyst used mainly to produce polyurethane foam.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether has the CAS number 6425-39-4 and is TSCA and REACH registered and on EINECS with the number 229-194-7.
The IUPAC name of Bis-morpholino-diethylether is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine and the chemical formula C12H24N2O3.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is an amine-based catalyst .
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a strong foaming catalyst.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a colorless to pale yellow liquid and is soluble in water.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is an amine catalyst suitable for water curing systems.


Due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups, NCO-containing components can have a long storage period.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is one of the important polyurethane catalysts.


There are two methods for the synthesis of Bis-morpholino-diethylether: diethylene glycol and ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and metal catalysts, reacting at high temperature and high pressure to obtain bismorpholinyl diethyl ether; or diethylene glycol and morpholine in hydrogen and metal catalyst copper or cobalt.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether provides a stable prepolymer system.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a liquid, tertiary amine catalyst used in the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams and
adhesives.


In polyol formulations, Bis-morpholino-diethylether has shown good blowing efficiency and mild gel activity, and is excellent for consideration where storage stability is critical due to the acidity coming from HFO, formic acid or polyesters.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is suitable for water curing systems, A strong blowing catalyst, due to the steric hindrance of amino groups, can extend the storage period of NCO components, suitable for the catalytic reaction of NCO and water in systems such as TDI, MDI, and IPDI.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether molecule contains a total of 41 atom(s).
There are 24 Hydrogen atom(s), 12 Carbon atom(s), 2 Nitrogen atom(s), and 3 Oxygen atom(s).
A chemical formula of Bis-morpholino-diethylether can therefore be written as: C12H24N2O3


The chemical formula of Bis-morpholino-diethylether shown above is based on the molecular formula indicating the numbers of each type of atom in a molecule without structural information, which is different from the empirical formula which provides the numerical proportions of atoms of each type.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is an amine based catalyst that is also known as dimorpholino-diethyl ether.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a reactive chemical agent that has been used as a sealant for the insulation and maintenance of joints.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether reacts with water vapor or moisture in the air, which causes it to harden.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is also known as DMDE and has been used in analytical chemistry as an optimal reagent for reactions with high resistance.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a divalent hydrocarbon molecule with two hydroxy groups on its backbone.


The reaction products of Bis-morpholino-diethylether are viscosity and reaction solution.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether can be used in coatings due to its reactivity.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether accounts for 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is an amine catalyst suitable for curing systems.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a strong blowing catalyst.


Due to the steric hindrance of the amino group, the NCO-containing components have a long storage period.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether, with the chemical formula C10H24N2O2, has the CAS number 6425-39-4.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a chemical compound that appears as a colorless liquid with a faint odor.


The basic structure of Bis-morpholino-diethylether consists of two morpholine rings attached to an ethyl group.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is soluble in water.
In terms of safety information, Bis-morpholino-diethylether may cause irritation to the skin and eyes.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is important to avoid direct contact with this chemical.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an amine-like odor.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is also miscible with water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BIS-MORPHOLINO-DIETHYLETHER:
Important While the descriptions, designs, data and information contained herein are presented in good faith and believed to be accurate, Bis-morpholino-diethylether is provided for your guidance only.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used as a blowing agent in the production of flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is also used in hot melt adhesives.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether has been studied for its potential applications in organic synthesis and as a solvent for various reactions.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is an important compound in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering, contributing to the development of new materials and processes.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is mainly used for single-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-hard foam, CASE materials, etc.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is suitable for use in water curing systems.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a strong foaming catalyst .


Bis-morpholino-diethylether can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.
Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; Bis-morpholino-diethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.


The CASE material or the like is added in an amount of 0.3 to 0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used as a one-component polyurethane system (such as one-component polyurethane sealant, one-component polyurethane foam, one-component polyurethane


The catalyst (or curing agent) in grouting materials, etc.).
Since one-component polyurethane prepolymer requires long-term storage stability, Bis-morpholino-diethylether plays a key role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymer.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether quality puts forward extremely high requirements.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used in one-component coating systems.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used intermediate used in Polyurethane catalysts and Initial product for chemical syntheses.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used as a catalyst (or curing agent) in one-component polyurethane systems (eg, one-component polyurethane caulk, one-component polyurethane foam adhesive, one-component polyurethane grouting material, etc.) .
Since single-component polyurethane prepolymers require long-term storage stability, Bis-morpholino-diethylether plays an important role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymers, which also puts forward very high requirements for the quality of bismorpholine diethyl ether products.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and also used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-rigid foam, CASE material, etc.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether can be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV).
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used good blowing catalyst that does not cause cross-linking.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether can also be used as catalyst for formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and polymers.


Other release to the environment of Bis-morpholino-diethylether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of Bis-morpholino-diethylether can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used for the manufacture of: .


Other release to the environment of Bis-morpholino-diethylether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of Bis-morpholino-diethylether can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and building & construction work.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used for the manufacture of: furniture.


Release to the environment of Bis-morpholino-diethylether can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Bis-morpholino-diethylether can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used as a polyurethane catalyst.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether tends to be used in one-component rather than 2-component polyurethane systems.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether's use has been investigated in polyurethanes for controlled drug release and also adhesives for medical applications.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether's use as a catalyst including the kinetics and thermodynamics have been studied and reported on extensively.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a popular catalyst along with DABCO.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is mainly used for one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft and semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether can be used in one- and two-component sealant foams as well as flexible slabstock foams.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is suitable for use in water curing systems.


Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a strong foaming catalyst .
Bis-morpholino-diethylether can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.


Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; Bis-morpholino-diethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used catalyst particularly suitable for one component polyurethane rigid foam sealant systems.


-Modifier in Polypropylene Glycol (PPG) Silica:
Bis-morpholino-diethylether serves as a modifier in the incorporation of fumed silica into polypropylene glycol .
This modification is crucial in enhancing the properties of PPG, such as viscosity and thermal stability, which are important in various industrial applications.


-Catalyst for Blowing Reactions:
Bis-morpholino-diethylether: is a good blowing catalyst that is used in reactions to create foams .
This application of Bis-morpholino-diethylether is particularly relevant in the production of insulation materials, where controlled foam expansion is necessary.


-Research on Amine-Based Catalysts use of Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
Lastly, Bis-morpholino-diethylether is subject to research as an amine-based catalyst .
Scientists are investigating Bis-morpholino-diethylether's catalytic properties in various chemical reactions, which could lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly processes in the chemical industry.


-Scientific Research Applications of Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
*Catalyst in Polyurethane Foam Production:
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether: acts as an effective catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams .

Bis-morpholino-diethylether facilitates the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, which are the key components in creating these foams.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether’s ability to accelerate the gelling process without promoting cross-linking makes it valuable in manufacturing flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams.


-Property Modifier for Analytical Techniques:
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) , which is utilized in Matrix Assisted Ionization Vacuum (MAIV) analysis .

This application is significant in the field of mass spectrometry, where Bis-morpholino-diethylether aids in the ionization process of analytes, thus enhancing the detection and analysis of various substances.


-Adhesive Formulation uses of Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is also used in formulating adhesives .
Bis-morpholino-diethylether's chemical properties contribute to the adhesive’s performance, particularly in terms of flexibility, curing time, and bonding strength.



RESULT OF ACTION OF Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
The molecular and cellular effects of the action of Bis-morpholino-diethylether are observed in the formation of polymeric materials .
By acting as a catalyst in the curing process, Bis-morpholino-diethylether enables the creation of materials with specific physical and chemical properties.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
Target of Action
Bis-morpholino-diethylether, primarily targets the process of polymeric curing .
Bis-morpholino-diethylether acts as a catalyst for this process, facilitating the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol incorporated fumed silica .



SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS OF Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
Bis-morpholino-diethylether belongs to the group of morpholine derivatives which have been developed as corrosion inhibitors for various applications.



FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is already used in a variety of applications, including as a catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings .

Bis-morpholino-diethylether can also be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV) .
Future research and development may explore new uses and applications for Bis-morpholino-diethylether.



MODE OF ACTION OF Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
Bis-morpholino-diethylether interacts with its targets by accelerating the reaction rate of the polymeric curing process .
This interaction results in a more efficient and faster curing process, which is crucial in the production of various polymeric materials .



BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
The biochemical pathways affected by Bis-morpholino-diethylether involve the reactions of polymeric curing .
Bis-morpholino-diethylether facilitates these reactions, leading to the formation of stable polymeric structures.
The downstream effects include the production of materials with desired properties such as flexibility, durability, and resistance to environmental factors.



MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
The molecular formula of Bis-morpholino-diethylether is C12H24N2O3 .
The IUPAC name of Bis-morpholino-diethylether is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine .
The molecular weight of Bis-morpholino-diethylether is 244.33 g/mol .



CHEMICAL REACTIONS ANALYSIS OF Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
Bis-morpholino-diethylether can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing .
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is used in the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica .



KEY FEATURES AND TYPICAL BENEFITS OF Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
• Virtually no impact on shelf life when mixed in isocyanate and isocyanate prepolymers, for ease of use in one-component foam formulations
• Low odor
• High purity



SYNTHESIS ROUTES AND METHODS I OF Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
Procedure details:
The pressure was set to a constant 16 bar absolute, the fresh gas flow was set to a constant 300 standard l/h of hydrogen and the circulating gas was set to a constant approx. 300 pressure liters/(lcat•h).

Ammonia and diethylene glycol were vaporized separately and preheated diethylene glycol was then introduced into the hot circulating gas stream, after which hot ammonia was fed into the reactor via a pressurized gas pump.
The laden circulating gas stream was reacted isothermally at 210° C. (+/−2° C.) and 16 bar over the catalyst in the tube reactor.

The synthesis was carried out at a space velocity over the catalyst of 0.30 lalcohol/lcat•h, a molar ratio of ammonia/alcohol of 3:1 and an amount of fresh gas/H2 of 300 standard liters/lcat•h.
90% of the alcohol was reacted in the reaction end a selectivity of 50% based on the diol used was achieved.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether was condensed in a pressure gas separator and collected for purification by distillation.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
Bis-morpholino-diethylether has a refractive index of 1.484 (lit.) and a boiling point of 309 °C (lit.) .
The density of Bis-morpholino-diethylether is 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Bis-morpholino-diethylether:
Bis-morpholino-diethylether is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature, soluble in water;
Viscosity (25 ° C, mPa.s): 18
Density (25 ° C, g / cm 3): 1.06
Water soluble: soluble in water
Flash point (TCC, °C): 146
Amine value (mmol/g): 7.9-8.1 mmol/g



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BIS-MORPHOLINO-DIETHYLETHER:
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Presure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66 Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Viscosity: 216.6mm2/s
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Physical state: liquid
Color: yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 309 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,06 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Molecular Weight:244.33
Exact Mass:244.33
EC Number:229-194-7
UNII:5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number:28749
DSSTox ID:DTXSID9042170
HScode:2934999090
PSA:34.2
XLogP3:-0.6
Appearance:Liquid
Density:1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point:176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point:295 °F
Refractive Index:1.482

Density: 1.061g/cm3
Boiling point: 333.9°C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash point: 96.7°C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5

Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area :34.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers;
Polymer Additives; Organics; Polymer Science
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 333.9±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: -28 °C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.331
Flash Point: 96.7±23.7 °C
Exact Mass: 244.178696
PSA: 34.17000
LogP: -1.09
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.482
Product name: 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether

Synonyms: DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.06 g/ml
Melting point: -28 degrees
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.061g/cm3

Boiling Point: 333.9 °C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash Point: 96.7 °C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
CAS NO:6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Organics;Polymer Additives;Polymer Science;
Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 295 °F
Appearance: STRAW YELLOW

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
PKA: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid

Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F

Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry, 2-8°C
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃

Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4

NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid
Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
Molecular Weight: 244.33
XLogP3: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6

Exact Mass: 244.17869263
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Complexity: 172
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Name: 4,4-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular formula: C₁₂H₂₄N₂O₃
Molecular weight: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25°C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28°C
Boiling Point: 309°C (lit.)

Flash Point: 295 °F
Preservation conditions: 2-8°C, Dry
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS: 6425-39-4
Category: Plastic Additives
Description: Liquid
IUPAC Name: 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Canonical SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChI Key: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Complexity: 172

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
EC Number: 229-194-7
Exact Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
Formal Charge: 0
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
NSC Number: 28749
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
XLogP3: -0.6
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
Unique Ingredient Identifier: 5BH27U8GG4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3

International Chemical Identifier (InChI): ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Additional Physical Properties:
Viscosity (25℃): 18 mPa•s
Relative Density (25℃): 1.06
Boiling Point: Greater than 225℃
Melting Point: Less than -28℃
Flash Point (TCC): 146℃
Amine Value: 7.9–8.1 mmol/g



FIRST AID MEASURES of BIS-MORPHOLINO-DIETHYLETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BIS-MORPHOLINO-DIETHYLETHER:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BIS-MORPHOLINO-DIETHYLETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BIS-MORPHOLINO-DIETHYLETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BIS-MORPHOLINO-DIETHYLETHER:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BIS-MORPHOLINO-DIETHYLETHER:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


BISOMER HPMA
Bisomer HPMA is a chemical substance with the chemical formula C7H12O3.
Bisomer HPMA is soluble in general organic solvents, still soluble in water.
Bisomer HPMA is a colorless liquid.


CAS Number: 27813-02-1
EC Number: 248-666-3
Molecular Formula : C7H12O3


Bisomer HPMA is a single functional group monomer.
As a special acrylic ester, Bisomer HPMA is a colorless and transparent liquid with two functional groups: carbon-carbon double bond and hydroxyl group.
Bisomer HPMA is non-toxic and non-yellowing monomer.


Bisomer HPMA is suitable for use in paints.
Bisomer HPMA is a hydroxy functional monomer used to make acrylic polyols and other hydrophilic polymers.
Bisomer HPMA is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.


The properties are extremely active, the curing rate is slightly lower than HPA, skin irritation and toxicity is lower than the range of HPA, application is quite extensive, usually used to improve Bisomer HPMA adhesion to polar substrates, is the most commonly used single functional group monomer.
Bisomer HPMA is non-toxic and non-yellowing monomer.


Bisomer HPMA is water-soluble (highly hydrophilic), non-immunogenic and non-toxic, and resides in the blood circulation well.
Bisomer HPMA is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.
Bisomer HPMA is an ester of methacrylic acid.


Bisomer HPMA is Hydroxypropyl methacrylate.
Bisomer HPMA monomer for special polymers.
Bisomer HPMA is used extensively in the production of acrylic polyols for automotive OEM and refinish coatings as well as industrial coatings.


Bisomer HPMA is water-soluble (highly hydrophilic), non-immunogenic and non-toxic, and resides in the blood circulation well.
Bisomer HPMA copolymerizes readily with a wide variety of monomers, and the added hydroxyl groups improve adhesion to surfaces, incorporate cross-linking sites, and impart corrosion, fogging, and abrasion resistance, as well as contribute to low odour, colour, and volatility.


Bisomer HPMA is a methacrylic hydroxy monomer and is clear liquid in appearance.
Bisomer HPMA is white liquid with a light unpleasant odor.
Bisomer HPMA may float or sink in water.


Bisomer HPMA is an ester of methacrylic acid.
Bisomer HPMA is the monomer used to make the polymer poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide).
Bisomer HPMA has a molecular weight (av) 144g/mol, a diester (PGDMA) of 0.2% max., and a colour number of 10 Pt/Co max.


Bisomer HPMA is a hydrophobic hydroxyl-bearing monomer that is particularly useful in the production of vacuum impregnated sealants for cast aluminum compositions and is also widely used in the production of flexible, UV-curable photopolymer printing plates.
Bisomer HPMA is an enoate ester that is the 1-methacryloyl derivative of propane-1,2-diol.


Bisomer HPMA has a role as a polymerisation monomer.
Bisomer HPMA is functionally related to a propane-1,2-diol and a methacrylic acid.
Bisomer HPMA is relatively non-volatile, non-toxic and non-yellowing.


Bisomer HPMA compared to HEMA is more suitable when a better water resistance is required, together with a better shrinkage resistance.
Bisomer HPMA copolymerizes readily with a wide variety of monomers, and the added hydroxyl groups improve adhesion to surfaces, incorporate cross-linking sites, and impart corrosion, fogging, and abrasion resistance, as well as contribute to low odour, colour, and volatility.


Bisomer HPMA is a functional monomer for the preparation of hot solid acrylic coatings, styrene-butadiene latex modifiers, acrylic modified polyurethane coating ,water-soluble plating coatings , adhesives ,textile finishing agent ,paper coating , photosensitive paint and polyurethane vinyl resin modified agent.


Bisomer HPMA is a clear, colorless liquid with a light unpleasant odor with molecular formula C7H12O3.
Bisomer HPMA may float or sink in water.
Bisomer HPMA contains small amounts of methacrylic acid and propylene oxide.


Bisomer HPMA is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent, sweet odor.
Bisomer HPMA contains low levels of a polymerization inhibitor along with small amounts of methacrylic acid, and propylene oxide.
Bisomer HPMA is a clear colorless liquid.


Bisomer HPMA is an enoate ester that is the 1-methacryloyl derivative of propane-1,2-diol.
Bisomer HPMA has a role as a polymerisation monomer.
Bisomer HPMA is functionally related to a propane-1,2-diol and a methacrylic acid.


Bisomer HPMA is a white liquid with a light unpleasant odor. May float or sink in water.
The boiling point of Bisomer HPMA is 96°C (1.33kPa), 57°C (66.7Pa), the relative density is 1.066 (25/16°C), the refractive index is 1.4470, and the flash point is 96°C.


Bisomer HPMA copolymerizes readily with a wide range of monomers.
The hydroxyl groups improve adhesion to surfaces, incorporate cross-link sites, impart corrosion, fogging, and abrasion resistance, color, and volatility.
Bisomer HPMA is the monomer used to make the polymer poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide).


Bisomer HPMA appears as white liquid with a light unpleasant odor.
Bisomer HPMA may float or sink in water.
Bisomer HPMA is a crystals or white crystalline solid.


Bisomer HPMA has another character that has low proportion in the chedirection or formula, its functionis remarkable.
Bisomer HPMA is an enolate, a 1-methacryloyl derivative of propane-1,2-diol.
Bisomer HPMA has the role of a polymerizing monomer.


Bisomer HPMA is non-toxic and non-yellowing.
Bisomer HPMA is soluble in general organic solvents, still soluble in water.
Bisomer HPMA is a colorless liquid.
Bisomer HPMA is relatively non-volatile, non-toxic and non-yellowing.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BISOMER HPMA:
Bisomer HPMA can be copolymerized with other acrylic monomers to produce acrylic resins containing active hydroxyl groups.
With melamine formaldehyde resin, diisocyanate, epoxy resin, etc. to prepare two-component coatings.
Bisomer HPMA is also used as an adhesive for synthetic textiles and as an additive for decontamination lubricating oil.


Bisomer HPMA is a monofunctional methacrylic monomer used in UV-curable inks/coatings, in the manufacture of thermosetting acrylic polyols, butadiene styrene rubber latex modifier, acrylic acid modified polyester coating, adhesives, printing inks, caprolactone monomers, coatings for automotive, water-soluble electroplate coating binder, textile treatment agent, fiber finishing agent, paper coating, appliances, sealants, Napp printing plates, photoprepolymer printing plates, detergent lubricating-oil additives, binders and metals applications.


Bisomer HPMA is used as active diluent and crosslinking agent in radiation curing system, and can also be used as resin crosslinking agent, plastic and rubber modifier.
Bisomer HPMA is used Acrylic resin, acrylic paint, textile adhesive and decontamination lubricant additive.


Application of Bisomer HPMA such as artificial fingernail (acrylic nail) applications, dental composites adhesives, dental prosthetics, or for any application that would result in implantation or prolonged contact within the human body need a specific grade.
Bisomer HPMA is used in the manufacture of acrylic polymers for adhesives, inks, and coatings for automotive, appliance and metal applications.


Bisomer HPMA can be used as a modifier for the production of thermosetting coatings, adhesives, fiber treatment agents and synthetic resin copolymers, and can also be used as one of the main cross-linking functional group monomers used in acrylic resins.
Bisomer HPMA is also extensively used in the production of flexible, UV curable photopolymer printing plates.


The added hydroxyl groups improve adhesion to surfaces, incorporate cross-link sites, and impart corrosion, fogging, and abrasion resistance.
Bisomer HPMA is used Monomer for acrylic resins, nonwoven fabric binders, detergent lubricating-oil additives.
Bisomer HPMA is mainly used in the manufacture are active groups of hydroxyl acrylic resin.


Bisomer HPMA is used Methacrylic acid, monoester with propane-1,2-diol.
Bisomer HPMA can be copolymerized with acrylic acid and ester, acrolein, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, styrene and many other monomers.


Bisomer HPMA is mainly used for hot curing acrylic coatings, UV-curable acrylic materials, photosensitive coating, water soluble plating coating, adhesive, textile treatment agent, ester polymer modifier polymer processing and stem acid water reducing agent, etc.
Bisomer HPMA has the advantages of indeed can significantly improve product performance characteristics with less usage amount.


Bisomer HPMA is also widely used in the production of flexible UV-curable photopolymer printing plates.
Bisomer HPMA is mainly used for hot curing acrylic coating, UV-curable acrylic materials, photosensitive coating, water soluble plating coating, adhesive, textile treatment agent, ester polymer, modifier polymer, and stem acid water reducing agent, etc.


Bisomer HPMA can be used to treat the fiber, improve the water resistance, solvent resistance, wrinkle resistance and water resistance of the fiber.
Bisomer HPMA can also be used to make thermosetting coating with excellent performance, synthetic rubber, lubricating oil additive, etc.
In the aspect of adhesive, copolymerization with vinyl monomers can improve adhesive strength.


In paper processing, acrylic emulsion used for coating can improve Bisomer HPMA's water resistance and strength.
Bisomer HPMA can be used as active diluent and crosslinker in radiation curing system, resin crosslinker, plastic and rubber modifier.
Bisomer HPMA is used Appliance Paint, Building Coating, Car Paint, Paper Coating, Rubber Coating


Bisomer HPMA is mainly employed to fabricate acrylic resin, acrylic coatings, textile agent, adhesive and the additive of decontaminating and lubricant.
Application of Bisomer HPMA: Auto Refinish Coating, Auto/Trans OEM Coating, Circuit Board Coating, General Industrial Adhesive, General Industrial Coating, Industrial Composite, Industrial Sealant, Leather/Fabric Coating, Printing - Litho/Offset/Heatset Inks, Resin Producer, Transportation Coatings, UV Coatings


Bisomer HPMA is used monomer for acrylic resins, nonwoven fabric binders, detergent lubricating-oil additives.
Bisomer HPMA is used in the manufacturing of thermosetting acrylic coating,acrylic acid modified polyester coating, water-soluble electroplate coating binder, paper coating, photosensitive coating agent, etc.


Bisomer HPMA is used comonomer in paint resins and plastics.
Bisomer HPMA is also used as a co-monomer in styrene based unsaturated polyesters, PMMA based acrylic resins and vinyl ester formulations in anchor bolts and chemical fixings.


Bisomer HPMA is also extensively used in the production of flexible, UV curable photopolymer printing plates.
Bisomer HPMA is used Modifying agent of glass fiber,binder and lube.
Bisomer HPMA is used in emulsion and resin by aqueous or solvent, taking use of its hydrophilic property and corsslinking property.


Bisomer HPMA is used in the manufacture of acrylic polymers for adhesives, printing inks, coatings and metal applications.
Bisomer HPMA may also be used in the production of emulsion polymers in combination with other commodity methacrylates and acrylates, notably for textile coatings and textile sizes.


Bisomer HPMA is particularly useful as a hydrophobic hydroxy monomer in the production of vacuum impregnation sealants for cast aluminium components.
Bisomer HPMA is used as a co-monomer in styrene based unsaturated polyesters, PMMA based acrylic resins as well as vinyl ester formulations in anchor bolts and chemical fixings.


Bisomer HPMA is used in acrylic polyol synthesis to introduce hydroxyl functionality, used for automotive and industrial coatings.
Bisomer HPMA is used Dental composites, Napp printing plates, Photoprepolymer printing plates, Sealants, and UV-curable inks and coatings
Bisomer HPMA is a monofunctional methacrylic monomer used in UV-curable inks and coatings.


Applications of Bisomer HPMA: Acrylic Resins, Adhesives & Sealants, Architectural Coatings ,Automotive & Industrial Coatings, Composites, Polyester Resins, Polyurethane Dispersions, UV Cured Systems, and Wood & Leather Finishes
Bisomer HPMA is widely used in the production of polyhydroxyacrylic acid for automotive coatings and refinish coatings as well as for industrial coatings.


Bisomer HPMA is particularly useful as a hydrophobic hydroxy monomer in the manufacture of sealants for vacuum impregnation of cast aluminum components.
Bisomer HPMA is non-toxic, non-yellowing and can also be used as a comonomer in styrenic unsaturated polyester, polymethylmethacrylate acrylic and vinyl ester formulations for anchor bolts and chemical bonding.


Bisomer HPMA can also be blended with other commercial methacrylates and acrylates to produce emulsion polymers, especially fabric coatings and fabric sizing.
Bisomer HPMA is also used as reactive diluent and alternative to styrene in unsatured polyester (UPR).


Bisomer HPMA is used as active diluent and crosslinking agent in radiation curing system, also as resin crosslinking agent, plastic and rubber modifier.
Bisomer HPMA is also an active raw material to occur chemical syntheses and prone to bring addition reactions with a wide variety of organic inorganic compounds.


Bisomer HPMA is used in the manufacture of acrylic polymers for adhesives, printing inks, coatings and metal applications.
Bisomer HPMA is also used as a comonomer in styrene-based unsaturated polyesters, PMMA-based acrylic resins, and vinyl ester formulations in anchor bolts and chemical anchors.


Bisomer HPMA is used in reactive diluent and cross-linking agent in the UV curing system.
Bisomer HPMA is used as a replacement for styrene or MMA in unsaturated polyesters, PMMA based acrylic resins and vinyl ester formulations for applications such as gel coats, 2k peroxide cure flooring and composites.


Bisomer HPMA is also used as a capping agent in urethane methacrylate oligomers for various applications including chemical anchors, structural and anaerobic adhesives.
Bisomer HPMA is also used as a scaffold for iBodies, polymer-based antibody mimetics.


Bisomer HPMA used in the preparation of solid and emulsion polymers, acrylic dispersions in combination with other (meth) acrylates, which are used in various industries, especially for textile coatings and dressings.
Bisomer HPMA is widely used in the production of acrylic polyols for automotive components, refurbishment coatings, and industrial coatings.


Thus, Bisomer HPMA is frequently used as macromolecular carrier for low molecular weight drugs (especially anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents) to enhance therapeutic efficacy and limit side effects.
Bisomer HPMA is also used as reactive diluent and alternative to styrene in unsatured polyester (UPR).


Bisomer HPMA is used for automotive and industrial coatings, Reactive diluent for unsaturated polyesters, PMMA based acrylic resins, Vinyl ester formulations for anchor bolts and chemical fixings, Acrylic emulsion polymers, Vacuum impregnation sealants for cast aluminium components, and Photopolymer printing plates


Bisomer HPMA-drug conjugate preferably accumulates in tumor tissues via the passive-targeting process (or so-called EPR effect).
Due to its favorable characteristics, Bisomer HPMA polymers and copolymers are also commonly used to produce synthetic biocompatible medical materials such as hydrogels.


Applications of Bisomer HPMA: Acrylic Resins, Adhesives & Sealants, Architectural Coatings, Automotive & Industrial Coatings, Composites, Polyester Resins, Polyurethane Dispersions, UV Cured Systems, and Wood & Leather Finishes



USER OF BISOMER HPMA:
*Acrylic polyols for automotive and industrial coatings
*Reactive diluent for unsaturated polyesters
*PMMA based acrylic resins
*Vinyl ester formulations for anchor bolts and chemical fixings
*Acrylic emulsion polymers
*Vacuum impregnation sealants for cast aluminium components
*Photopolymer printing plates



BENEFITS OF BISOMER HPMA:
*Adhesion
*Hardness
*Heat Stability
*High Tg
*Hydrophobic
*Hydroxyl Functional
*Low Viscosity
*Multi Functional
*Reactive Diluent
*UV Stable
*Water Resistance



FEATURES OF BISOMER HPMA:
*Hydroxyl functional monomer
*Hydrophobic
*Non toxic
*Non yellowing
*REACH compliant



PRODUCTION METHOD OF BISOMER HPMA:
Bisomer HPMA is derived from the reaction of methacrylic acid and propylene oxide.



POLYMERIZATION OF BISOMER HPMA:
Bisomer HPMA may polymerize when hot and burst container.
Bisomer HPMA may polymerize ... when exposed to ultraviolet light and free-radical catalysts.



MARKET OF BISOMER HPMA:
*Adhesives
*Coatings-Industrial
*Coatings-Transportation
-Composites
*Industrial Processing & Specialty
*Printing Ink
*Sealants



PRODUCTION OF Bisomer HPMA:
Bisomer HPMA monomer is manufactured by reacting methacrylic acid with propylene oxide.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF Bisomer HPMA:
2-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate polymerization:
Bisomer HPMAmay polymerize when hot or when exposed to ultraviolet light and free-radical catalysts



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BISOMER HPMA:
Formula: C7H12O3
Formula Weight: 144.17
CAS #: 27813-02-1
Boiling Point: 70°C/1mmHg
Specific Gravity @25°C: 1.028
Solubility in Water: 13%
Appearance: White odorless crystals
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 70 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: ca.1,002 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particl characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Weight: 144.17 g/mol
XLogP3: 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 144.078644241 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 144.078644241 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10

Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 140
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Empirical Formula: C7H12O3
CAS No.: 27813-02-1
Color: max.30 (Pt-Co)
Stabilization: 200±20ppm MEHQ
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Molecular weight: 144.7 g/mol
Density: 1.066 g/cm3 (25ºC)
Refractive index: 1.447(25ºC)
Boiling point: 92ºC
Flashpoint: 96ºC
Solubility: Soluble in : Organic Solvent, Water

Appearance: Clear liquid, free of particles
Water content, % (mass): 0.1 max
Inhibitor (MEHQ) content, ppm (mass): 200 - 300
Acid number, mgKOH/g: 1.0 max.
Colour number, Pt/Co: 10 max
Assay, % (mass): 97.0 min
Diester (PGDMA), % (mass): 0.2 max
Molecular weight (av), g/mol: 144
PSA: 46.53000
XLogP3: 0.48650
Appearance: Crystals or white crystalline solid.
Density: 1.066 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point: -89 °C
Boiling Point: 96 °C
Flash Point: 206 °F
Refractive Index: 1.447
Water Solubility: less than 1 mg/mL at 73° F
Storage Conditions: 0-6ºC
Vapor Pressure: 0.05 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Vapor Density: >1 (vs air)Odor: Slight acrylic odor

Melting point: -58°C
Boiling point: 57 °C/0.5 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: >1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.05 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.447(lit.)
Flash point: 206 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: 107g/l
form: Liquid
color: Clear
Specific Gravity: 1.066
PH: 6 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Viscosity: 8.88mm2/s
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
BRN: 1752228
InChIKey: GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.97 at 20℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS DataBase Reference: 27813-02-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: UKW89XAX2X
EPA Substance Registry System: Hydroxypropyl methacrylate (27813-02-1)



FIRST AID MEASURES of BISOMER HPMA:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BISOMER HPMA:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BISOMER HPMA:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BISOMER HPMA:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BISOMER HPMA:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C
Handle under nitrogen, protect from moisture.
Store under nitrogen.
Heat- and airsensitive.
Moisture sensitive.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BISOMER HPMA:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
2-Propenoic acid,2-methyl-,monoester with 1,2-propanediol
Methacrylic acid,monoester with 1,2-propanediol
Methacrylic acid,ester with 1,2-propanediol
1,2-Propanediol,monomethacrylate
Hydroxypropyl
Hydroxypropylmetacrylate
BisoMer HPMA
ACRYESTER HP
ROCRYL 410
Propylene glycol monomethacrylate
Methacrylic acid, monoester with propane-1,2-diol
2-Hydroxypropylmethacrylat
2-Hydroxypropyl meth
1,2-propanediol,monomethacrylate
HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE
Methacrylic Acid Hydroxypropyl Ester
Propylene Glycol Monomethacrylate
rocryl410
Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate HPMA
Hydroxy propyl ethacrylate
2-Hydroxypropylmethacrylate >98%, 200 ppm MEHQ
Hydroxypropylmethacrylate
2-Hydroxypropylmetacrylate, >97%, Hydroxypropylmethacrylate
Hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 99%, inhibited with 300ppm MHQ
2-Hydroxypropylmethacrylate
2-Propenoic acid
2-methyl-, monoester with 1,2-propanediol
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA)
Bisomer HPMA (use RM 02533)
Hydroxypropyl methacrylate
2-Propenoic acid,2-methyl-,monoester with 1,2-propanediol
Methacrylic acid,monoester with 1,2-propanediol
Methacrylic acid,ester with 1,2-propanediol
1,2-Propanediol,monomethacrylate
Hydroxypropyl methacrylate
Rocryl 410
Propylene glycol monomethacrylate
HPMA 98
Bisomer HPMA
HPMA 97;1,2-Propylene glycol methacrylate
Propylene glycol methacrylate
Visiomer HPMA 98
Visiomer MPMA 98
99609-88-8
122413-04-1
124742-02-5
138258-23-8
27072-46-4
30348-68-6
32073-20-4
50851-93-9
50975-16-1
51424-40-9
51480-40-1
63625-57-0
191411-56-0
204013-27-4




BITREX (DENATONIUM BENZOATE)
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is available as a white crystalline powder, but Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) granules or solutions are also available.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a kind of quaternary ammonium salt formed by the combination of the quaternary ammonium cation and inert anion such as benzoic acid or saccharin anion.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a bittering agent.

CAS Number: 3734-33-6
Molecular Formula: C28H34N2O3
Molecular Weight: 446.58a
EINECS Number: 223-095-2

Denatonium, usually available as Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) (under trade names such as Denatrol, BITTERANT-b, BITTER+PLUS, Bitrex, Bitrix, and Aversion) and as denatonium saccharide (BITTERANT-s), is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by T.& H. Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the trademark Bitrex.
Additionally, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in products like soap, animal repellents, antifreeze.
The structure of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate)s cation form is similar to that of a local anesthetic lidocaine with the only difference being an additional benzyl functional group located on the nitrogen atom of the amino.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), often referred to as Bitrex, is a chemical compound primarily used as a bittering agent.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is commonly added to a wide range of products to make them unpalatable, thereby discouraging ingestion or consumption, especially by children, pets, or individuals seeking to misuse these products.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is now known as the world's most bitter compound.

A concentration of 10ppm solution is already too bitter to bear for most people.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is known for being one of the most bitter substances known to humans.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is an ionized compound made up of a negatively charged benzoic acid and quaternary ammonium cation (denatonium).

The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Dilutions of as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter to most humans.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often traded as solutions.
They are used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventive nail biting preparations, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and Nintendo Switch game cards to prevent accidental swallowing or choking by children.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is not known to pose any long-term health risks.
The name denatonium reflects the substance's primary use as a denaturant and its chemical nature as a cation, hence -onium as a Neo-Latin suffix.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to this substance on human health is still unclear.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.

In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) has been also added into special nail polish agents, to avoid child’s bad habit of biting fingers, as well as being the repellent for expulsing large beasts.
However, the effect of Long-term exposure to Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) on human health is still unclear.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a white, odorless, and mostly tasteless crystalline powder.
In pharmaceutical formulations, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is added to various household products like cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents to deter accidental ingestion.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications it is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an antinailbiting preparation.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.

However,there has been a single report of contact urticaria attributed to Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) occurring in a 30-year-old man who developed asthma and pruritus after using an insecticidal spray denatured with Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate).
Discovered in 1958, it also has the tradename "Bitrex" (a trademark of UK company Macfarlan Smith).
As little as ten parts per million make substances unbearably bitter to most humans.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a white, odourless solid that is used as an aversive agent, i.e. an additive that prevents accidental ingestion of a toxic substance by humans, articularly children, and by animals.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) consists of benzoate (that is, the conjugate base of benzoic acid) and an ester of two PABA molecules.
Its structure is related to lidocaine, differing only by the addition of a benzene and benzoate ion in solution.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) does, however, cause a very bitter taste in humans and most animals at concentrations in the parts per million range.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a quaternary ammonium cation.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is composed as a salt with any of several anions, such as benzoate or saccharinate.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) can be obtained by the quaternization of lidocaine, a popular anesthetic, with benzyl chloride or a similar reagent.
To obtain other salts, like the benzoate, the formed denatonium chloride is subjected to an anion exchange reaction with sodium benzoate, or first sodium hydroxide to make denatonium hydroxide followed by neutralization with benzoic acid.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is one of the most bitter substances known.
Just a few parts per million will make a product so bitter that children and pets will not be able to swallow Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate).
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) makes sweet but highly toxic products such as antifreeze and detergents taste foul.

Research shows that people can detect Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) in water at 50 parts per billion.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is also stable and inert.

In addition, so little is needed that the properties of the product remain unchanged.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate)'s also similar in structure to other anesthetics like novocaine and cocaine.
Indeed, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) was discovered during anesthetic research.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), a white crystalline powder like many organic compounds, is not known to pose any long-term health risks although exposure may be irritating.
Some automotive products, such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to prevent accidental ingestion, which could be harmful.
Certain paints and coatings may include Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to discourage consumption, which could be toxic.

Nail polish removers may contain Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to make them taste bad, preventing ingestion.
Some personal care products, like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics, use Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to make them unappealing to taste.
In some cases, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in medications to deter misuse or accidental ingestion.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) can act as a bronchodilator by activating bitter taste receptors in the airway smooth muscle.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate)s claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is the most bitter substance yet discovered.
The bitterest compound known Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.

The process adds a small amount of a denaturant to the alcohol to make it taste bad, thus creating alcohol that is not suitable for drinking, but is otherwise similar for other purposes.
When used in products that are not food, beverages or oral drugs, many other countries, like the U.S., also require that alcohol be denatured.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), t-Butyl Alcohol, Diethyl Phthalate, Methyl Alcohol, Salicylic Acid, Sodium Salicylate, and Methyl Salicylate are examples of denaturants permitted for use by the TTB and concluded to be safe for use in cosmetics.

Other countries have different rules on allowed denaturants so when formulating with local regulations.
Specific denatured alcohols containing these denaturants that are permitted for use in U.S. cosmetics and personal care products are SD Alcohol 3-A, SD Alcohol 30, SD Alcohol 39-B, SD Alcohol 39-C, SD Alcohol 40-B and SD Alcohol 40-C.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) (THS-839) is the most bitter chemical compound known,used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) (THS-839) is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, and shampoos.
Denatonium, commonly available as Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) (trade name Bitrex), is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
Scientists in Scotland discovered Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) during research on anesthetic lidocaine derivatives.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate)’ s extremely bitter taste has proven effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain drugs.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) activates bitter taste receptors in many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular dependent pathways.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is one of the bitterest known substances.
Just a few parts per million make a product so painful that kids and pets can't swallow Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate).
Sweet but highly toxic products such as Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), antifreeze and detergents make their taste bad.

Studies show that humans can detect 50 parts per billion of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) in water.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is bitter at 1 to 10 ppm and most products will become undrinkable at 30 to 100 ppm. Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is also stable and inert.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.

Further, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in air care products.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) acts as H1 antihistamine.
In addition to this, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used as a disinfectant.

In order to avoid paying beverage taxes on alcohol that is not meant to be consumed (e.g., for use in cosmetic and personal care products), the alcohol must be denatured per specific formulations given by the U.S.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), also called Benzenemethanaminium and Benzyl diethyl ((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl) ammonium benzoate, is the bitterest compound known.

In addition, little is needed for the properties of the product to remain unchanged.
Often found as Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known chemical compound, with bitter thresholds being 0.05. ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by MacFarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the Bitrex trademark.
Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is chemical structure includes a benzoate group, which is a benzene ring attached to a carboxylic acid group, along with a denatonium cation.

The Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) cation is the component responsible for its intensely bitter taste.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is considered one of the most bitter substances known to humans.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is often used as a reference point for measuring bitterness.

The bitter taste is so extreme that even in minute quantities, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) can make a product unpalatable.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is generally considered safe when used as intended in the recommended concentrations.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is non-toxic and is not absorbed significantly through the skin, making it safe for use in a wide range of consumer products.

The use of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is subject to regulations in many countries.
There may be restrictions on its use in certain products, and there are guidelines on the maximum allowable concentration in specific applications.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is not known to pose any long-term health risks.

The name Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a portmanteau word that reflects the primary use of the substance as a denaturant and Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate)’s chemical structure as a cation, hence the New Latin suffix -onium.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a quaternary ammonium cation.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a salt compound with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharide.

The structure of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is related to the local anesthetic lidocaine, which differs only by the addition of a benzyl group to amino nitrogen.
Other similar compounds are procaine and benzocaine.
One of the chemical names of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is lidocaine benzylbenzoate, but denatonium only refers to the quaternary ammonium cation species itself and does not require benzoate counterion.

The bitterness of the compound guides most of the Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) applications.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used to denature ethanol so that Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is not treated as an alcoholic beverage in terms of taxation and sales restrictions.
A particular designation states that ethanol has been denatured using Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate).

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is often included in placebo drugs used in clinical trials to mimic the bitter taste of some drugs.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) (Bitrex) also discourages the consumption of harmful alcohols such as methanol and additives such as ethylene glycol.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is also added to many harmful liquids, including solvents (such as nail polish remover), paints, polishes, toiletries and other personal care products, special nail polish to prevent nail biting, and various other household products.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is also added to less hazardous aerosol products (such as gas jets) to avoid inhaled substance abuse of volatile vapors.
In 1995, the US state of Oregon required the addition of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to products such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid containing sweet-tasting ethylene glycol and methanol to prevent.
Denatonium's disgusting taste can be used as a deterrent on products that are not intended for consumption and / or is harmful upon consumption.

Nintendo Switch game cards are coated with Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to prevent young children from consuming them.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used as a solvent in the food and beverage industry and in many home and personal care products.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is often used in marketing and labeling to indicate that a product contains Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) as a bittering agent.

Apart from the previously mentioned applications, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in various other products, such as denatured alcohol (to deter its consumption), some types of pesticides (to prevent oral ingestion), and even in some nail polishes to discourage nail-biting.
In some therapeutic contexts, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in taste aversion therapy.

This involves pairing the bitter taste of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) with a specific behavior (e.g., smoking or nail-biting) to create a psychological aversion to that behavior.
Denatonium, commonly found as Denatonium and Denatonium Saccharide, is the bitterest known chemical compound with bitter thresholds of 0.05 ppm for benzoate and 0.01 ppm for saccharide.
They are used as deterrents (bitterness) to prevent chemical and dangerous products from being swallowed improperly.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, breathing mask compatibility test, repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) (de-an-TOE-nee-um BEN-zoh-ate) is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is sold under the trade name of Bitrex.

Although Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) has a powerful taste, it is colorless and odorless.
The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate).
Solutions of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.

Exposure to light does not lessen the compound's bitter taste.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), also known as denatonium saccharide, is a bitter chemical compound used to denature ethanol so it is not considered an alcoholic beverage and in clinical trials to replicate the bitter taste of some medications.
Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) (Denatrol) is a bittering agent used as an aversion additive in various chemical and manufactured products.
Connect Chemicals is the appointed distributor of the Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) product range of Wincom is a leading manufacturer of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) located in the United States.
The primary use of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is for taste a version purposes for poison prevention.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) not only leaves a bitter flavor in the liquids, but also leaves a bitter residue on objects, like screens and keyboards, that may transfer to hands and cause problems (such as when eating).
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is not intended for use in any products or chemicals in which the intention is human ingestion.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a white powder with a water solubility of 42 grams per liter.

One gram of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) can produce an extremely bitter and unpleasant taste in 100 liters of water (30 gallons).
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is so bitter that humans and pets can't stand it. Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is the active ingredient in products such as Tree Guard and Bitrex.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is also used in combination with bad smelling compounds to repel animals.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is the active ingredient in products such as "Off Limits Dog Training Spray", "Anit-Chew Bitter Spray for Pets", "Ultra-Bitter Training Aid Spray", and "Bitter YUCK! No Chew Dog, Cat & Horse Spray".
Some examples of products which contain Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) are antifreeze, detergents (in ethanol), floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.

They are used as deterrent agents (bitterness) to prevent inappropriate ingestion.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventative nail biting preparations, respiratory mask compatibility tests, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and even Nintendo Switch playing cards to prevent children from accidentally swallowing or suffocating.

Melting point: 164-168 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 555.91°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1256 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5800 (estimate)
Flash point: 100℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: methanol: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
form: Solid
color: White to Off-White
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
Water Solubility: 42.555g/L at 25℃
Merck: 14,2891
BRN: 8179408
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.2 at 25℃

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate)’ s bitter properties make Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) an excellent repellent and when added to phytosanitary products it contributes to inhibiting the feeding of animals on treated trees and plants.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a rather more convenient name than phenylmethyl-[2- [(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-diethylammonium.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a quaternary ammonium cation, with two ethyl arms, one benzyl and one larger amide one, and usually comes as a benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate)’ s repellent qualities equally help fight rodents such as rats or mice.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a potent bitter taste receptor agonist widely used for activation of different cell pathways.
Taste signals have been associated with food recognition and food avoidance, and the bitter taste causes a deterrent response and is supposed to protect chickens from consuming poisons and harmful toxic substances.

The results of the study revealed that dietary supplementation with medium and high doses of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) induced apoptosis and autophagy, respectively, damaging epithelial cells of the heart and kidneys and reducing the growth.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate)'s claim to fame is simple, unpleasant but valuable - Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is the most bitter substance yet discovered.This unreactive, colourless, odourless compound was first produced accidentally in 1958 by Scottish pharmaceutical manufacturer T & H Smith, later Macfarlan Smith, where researchers were experimenting with variants of an anaesthetic for dentists called lignocaine.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) was soon discovered that just a few parts per million of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) were enough for this aggressively unpleasant compound to render a substance distasteful to humans.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is now known as the world's most bitter compound.
The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter flavor.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is an inexpensive and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as strychnine, bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is commonly used as aversive agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substance.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) has been added into industrial alcohol, ethylene glycol or methanol which has similar taste as ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animals disperse, liquid soaps and shampoos. Moreover,

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) was first synthesized in the 1950s and is usually prepared by reacting denatonium chloride with benzyl benzoate.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is also available under the trade name Bitrex, which is a token of the words pain and rex for the king.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a salt compound with an inert anion such as benzoate or saccharide.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is structure is similar to lidocaine and is closely related to Novocain and benzocaine.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is among the most bitter of substances known and is detectable at concentrations of approximately 10 ppb.
In pharmaceutical and other industrial applications it is added to some products as a deterrent to accidental ingestion.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is most commonly used at levels of 5–500 ppm.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) may also be used to replace brucine or quassin as a denaturant for ethanol.
In pharmaceutical formulations, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) has been used as a flavoring agent in placebo tablets, and in a topical formulation it has been used in an anti-nailbiting preparation.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), usually available as Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) (trade names Bitrex) is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is odorless, colorless and non-reactive, making Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) a suitable additive that does not interfere with the primary purpose of the base compound.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used as an alcohol denaturant, possibly a combination of 20 in United States pictures.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in many personal care products such as make-up, lotion, fragrance, shaving, oral care, skin care and hair care products, where it functions as antifoam, cosmetic astringent, solvent and viscosity reducing agent.
In OTC antimicrobial drug products, Alcohol also functions as an antimicrobial agent to kill germs.

Commonly found as Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) (or under trade names like Bitrex or Aversion) and denatonium saccharide, denatonium is the bitterest known compound.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) was discovered in 1958 by Macfarlan Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, during research on local anesthetics.
Dilutions as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter for most people.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often sold as solutions.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), an extremely bitter derivative of lignocaine, has been used worldwide as an alcohol denaturant for over 30 years.
The recent recognition of its application to deter ingestion of potentially toxic products has led to its use as an inert ingredient in pesticides, automotive chemicals and household items.

A standard research protocol has been developed to determine the applicability of the use of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) in certain formulations.
This ensures compatibility, stability and optimum Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) concentration to affect a bitter taste in the formulated product.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is currently known as the world's most painful ingredient.

The vast majority of its applications are related to its bitter taste.
Strychnine is a cheap and efficient alternative to its counterparts such as bitter lignin, quinine, wood song glycosides, saponins grapefruit.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is widely used as a deterrent agent to prevent people from eating other toxic but tasteless substances.

For example, industrial alcohol, which tastes similar to ordinary wine, antifreeze, paint, toilet cleaners, animal dispersion, liquid soaps and shampoos, has been added to ethylene glycol or methanol.
Among these flavors, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) with a bitter taste cause the most reactions.
Sensitivity to bitter flavors depends on genetics: The TAS2R38 gene determines a person's ability to detect bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, a component in tonic water.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is also the standard for this kind of bitter taste.
At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) also applies to outdoor cables and wires to prevent rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a deterrent agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks, and rodenticides to suppress swallowing, especially when young children come into contact with these toxic substances.
Until now, the most common use of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is to denature alcohol so that Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is unfit for human consumption and is exempted from the tariffs ormally valid for alcohol.
In recent years, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate)s inclusion in household products, garden products, and cosmetics has been intensely promoted to prevent children from accidentally swallowing it.

A concentrated solution of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is available in the USA, which will be sold directly to the public in addition to household products.
Efficacy and safety studies on Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) are limited and may be subject to different interpretations when considered in the context of a potential bittering.
For Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter can be noticed by humans.

Bitter substances such as Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) are useful as deterrent additives to prevent accidental ingestion of dangerous automotive compounds.
In Europe and some US states, ethylene glycol or Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) must be added to antifreeze and windshield washer fluids.

Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergents, and insecticides contain certain amounts of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to deter oral consumption.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is also added to special nail polish ingredients as a repellent to avoid the child's bad finger biting.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is stable up to 140 ° C and over a wide pH range.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) should be stored in a cool and dry place in a well-sealed container (such as steel with polyethylene lining).
Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retain their pain for several years, even when exposed to light.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is applied on surfaces of toys as a bittering agent to prevent substantial consumption of hazardous materials.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is also applied on outdoor cables and wires to discourage rodents from chewing on parts and equipment.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is an aversive agent added to various pesticides, plant food sticks and rodenticides to suppress swallowing especially when young children come in contact with these poisonous substances.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is generally regarded as having the most bitter taste of any compound known to science.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is sold under the trade name of Denatonium.
Although Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) has a powerful taste, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is colorless and odorless.
The taste is so strong, however, that most people cannot tolerate a concentration of more than 30 parts per million of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate).

Solutions of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) in alcohol or water are very stable and retain their bitter taste for many years.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a bittering agent.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is considered the bitterest chemical compound with a range of uses in the manufacture of cleaners, automotive supplies as well as health and beauty items.

Commercially, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is available as a white crystalline powder, but Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) granules or solutions are also available.
Humans can typically sense sweet, sour, salty, savory and bitter-tasting stuff.
Of these flavors, bitter-tasting chemicals elicit the most reaction.

The gene determines a person’s ability to detect the bitterness associated with substances such as quinine, which is an ingredient in tonic water.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is also the standard for this type of bitter flavor.
At a concentration of 0.008 moles per cubic meter, the human tongue can detect the presence of quinine.

For Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), a concentration of 0.000008 moles per cubic meter is discernible to humans.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is applied to the surfaces of toys as a painful substance to prevent significant consumption of hazardous substances.

Uses:
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) can be used in animal repellents to prevent animals from chewing or consuming treated items.
In products like varnishes and wood coatings, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) can deter individuals from attempting to ingest or chew on treated surfaces.
In industrial settings, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) can be added to surfactants and detergents to prevent misuse and accidental ingestion.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used worldwide as a denaturant for alcohol.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (topical gel and solution).
In some cases, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate)'s used in dental products like mouthguards and orthodontic devices to discourage biting or chewing on them.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, polishes and waxes, anti-freeze products, air care products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, polymers, water softeners and cosmetics and personal care products.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), electrical, electronic and optical equipment and furniture.

Other release to the environment of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
The bitterest compound known Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is also used in antifreeze, nail biting preventions, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps and shampoos.

Bitterants such as Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) are useful as aversive additives to prevent accidental ingestion of hazardous automotive compounds.
In Europe and in some U.S. states, addition of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is required in ethylene glycol or anti-freeze and windshield washer fluids.
Common household products such as window cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergent and insecticide include a certain amount of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to discourage consumption by mouth.

Further, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in air care products.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) acts as H1 antihistamine.
In addition to this, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used as a disinfectant.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is often added to various alcohol-based products like hand sanitizers, rubbing alcohol, and disinfectants to discourage ingestion, especially in situations where these products might be mistaken for consumable beverages.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in products like engine coolant and antifreeze to prevent accidental ingestion by humans or animals.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a bittering agent used to make toxic products more difficult to ingest.

Some aerosol sprays, such as air fresheners and cleaning sprays, contain Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to prevent inhalation or ingestion.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), polishes and waxes, fertilisers, anti-freeze products and plant protection products.
Release to the environment of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, polymers, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), plant protection products, anti-freeze products and polishes and waxes.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and health services.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, machinery and vehicles and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.

Release to the environment of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and for thermoplastic manufacture.
In some regions, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is added to fuel products to prevent fuel theft and to reduce the risk of fuel ingestion, which can be harmful.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is a bittering agent which is used to give a bitter taste to toxic products in order to make the product more difficult to ingest.

Examples of products which contain Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) are: antifreeze, detergents, floor cleaner, paint stripper and toilet cleaner.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is added to numerous household products, such as cleaning agents, detergents, and solvents, to discourage accidental ingestion.
This helps prevent poisoning, particularly in homes with children or pets.
Some automotive products, including antifreeze and windshield washer fluids, contain Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to deter accidental ingestion, which can be toxic.

Insect repellents, pet shampoos, and other products that pets might be tempted to lick or consume sometimes contain Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to deter this behavior.
Some stationery items, such as glues and correction fluids, use Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to prevent misuse by children.
In healthcare settings, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) can be used to discourage the ingestion of certain medical products or solutions.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in certain paints and coatings to make them unpalatable.
This discourages individuals from consuming paint, which can be hazardous.
Nail polish removers may contain Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to make them taste extremely bitter, preventing individuals, especially children, from accidentally ingesting them.

Some personal care products like nail polish, perfumes, and cosmetics may include Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to make them unappealing to taste, reducing the risk of misuse.
In specific medications and pharmaceutical formulations, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used to deter misuse or accidental ingestion, particularly in cases where the drug could be harmful if ingested.
In some pesticides, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used to prevent oral ingestion.

This safeguards against accidental poisoning, particularly in cases where pesticides might be attractive to children or animals.
In certain therapeutic contexts, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is used in behavioral therapy.
By associating a negative, extremely bitter taste with a specific behavior or habit (e.g., smoking or nail-biting), it aims to create a psychological aversion to that behavior.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) may be added to some adhesives to deter people from attempting to chew or ingest adhesive products.
Beyond cleaning agents and detergents, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) can also be found in various other household chemicals like drain cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners, and paint thinners.
Some insecticides and rodenticides use Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to prevent ingestion, especially by children or pets.

Certain garden products, such as fertilizers and herbicides, contain Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) to reduce the risk of ingestion.
In some regions, Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate)'s added to tobacco products like cigarettes and chewing tobacco to discourage ingestion, particularly by children and young individuals.

Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is added to denatured alcohol to make it unpalatable.
This is important in preventing the consumption of alcohol that is not meant for drinking, such as industrial or cleaning purposes.

Safety Profile:
Inhalation of Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) dust or aerosols may irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing or throat irritation.
Proper ventilation in areas where Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is handled can help minimize this risk.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is extremely bitter and can cause extreme discomfort and nausea if ingested.

While it is not toxic at the concentrations typically used in products, accidental ingestion can lead to adverse reactions such as vomiting and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Contact with Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) can cause eye and skin irritation.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is essential to use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles when handling the substance to prevent skin and eye contact.

While Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is not known to pose significant environmental hazards, large-scale spills or releases into waterways could potentially have ecological consequences.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is essential to handle and store the substance properly to prevent environmental contamination.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonmutagenic substance.

Storage:
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) is stable up to 140°C and over a wide pH range.
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) should be stored in a well-closed container (such as polythene-lined steel) in a cool, dry place.
Aqueous or alcoholic solutions retaintheir bitterness forseveral years evenwhenexposed to light.

Synonyms:
Bitrex
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate)
3734-33-6
Lidocaine benzyl benzoate
THS-839
Denatonium (benzoate)
Aversion
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) anhydrous
Benzoato de denatonio
Benzoate de denatonium
Lignocaine benzyl benzoate
WIN 16568
MFCD00031578
M5BA6GAF1O
NSC-157658
ECX-95BY
Benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)ammonium benzoate
3734-33-6 (benzoate)
DTXSID8034376
NSC 157658
WIN-16568
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium benzoate
NCGC00017043-02
Anispray
CAS-3734-33-6
Gori
DTXCID6014376
Caswell No. 083BB
Denatonii benzoas
N-benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethan-1-aminium benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium, N-(2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate (1:1)
Denatonii benzoas [INN-Latin]
LIDOCAINE BENZYL BENZOATE HYDRATE
EINECS 223-095-2
UNII-M5BA6GAF1O
Benzoate de denatonium [INN-French]
Benzoato de denatonio [INN-Spanish]
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) [USAN:INN:BAN]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009106
N-Benzyl-2-((2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
Benzoato di denatonio
SCHEMBL49511
MLS002154073
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), >=98%
Benzyldiethyl(2,6-xylylcarbamoylmethyl)ammonium benzoate
CHEMBL1371493
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) [MI]
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) [INN]
VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
((2,6-Xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)diethyl benzyl ammonium benzoate
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) [INCI]
HMS1571A03
HMS2093L12
HMS2098A03
HMS2233O05
HMS3373C04
HMS3715A03
Pharmakon1600-01505987
Ammonium, benzyldiethyl((2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl)-, benzoate
HY-B1146
Tox21_110754
Tox21_301587
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]-diethylazanium;benzoate
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate) [WHO-DD]
NSC157658
NSC759299
AKOS015888129
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-diethyl-ammonium benzoate
N,N-Diethyl-N-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]benzylammonium benzoate
Tox21_110754_1
CCG-213592
CS-4750
NSC-759299
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), analytical standard
N-(2-((2,6-Dimethylphenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-N,N-diethylbenzeneme- thanaminium benzoate
NCGC00017043-01
NCGC00091886-04
NCGC00164432-01
NCGC00255373-01
AC-14888
AS-15511
SMR001233385
SY075333
Ammonium,6-xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]-, benzoate
D2124
FT-0622841
F16467
A823606
Q414815
W-106547
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Benzyldiethyl[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]ammonium Benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]diethylammonium benzoate
Benzyl-[(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)methyl]-diethylammonium benzoate
Bitrex (Denatonium Benzoate), United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Benzenemethanaminium,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
Benzenemethanaminium,N-[2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-diethyl-, benzoate
N-benzyl-2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-N,N-diethyl-2-oxoethanaminium benzoate
N-(2-((2,6-DIMETHYLPHENYL)AMINO)-2-OXOETHYL)-N,N-DIETHYLBENZENEMETHANAMINIUM BENZOATE
BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract contains an active ingredient called synephrine that is similar to ephedra.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is a fruit-bearing tree native to Asia.


CAS Number: 72968-50-4
EC Number: 277-143-2
Botanical Name: Citrus aurantium
Scientific Name(s): Citrus aurantium L.



SYNONYMS:
Bigarade, Bitter orange, Bitter orange flower, Bitter orange peel, Green orange, Kijitsu, Laranja-amarga, Laranja-azeda, Laranja-cavalo, Neroli flowers, Neroli oil, Seville orange, Shangzhou zhiqiao, Sour orange, Zhi qiao, Zhi shi, Citrus Aurantium Extract, Bitter Orange Extract, Citrus aurantium Extract, Seville Orange Extract, Neroli Extract, Bigarade Extract, Citrus Extract, Bitter Orange Peel Extract, Aurantium Extract, p-synephrine



Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is a fruit-bearing tree native to Asia.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract contains an active ingredient called synephrine that is similar to ephedra.
Many weight loss and bodybuilding products have used Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract and caffeine in its place.


Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract contains many chemicals that affect the nervous system.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is considered a banned substance by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
Don't confuse Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract with other orange species such as sweet orange and bergamot.


Thought to have originated in Southeast Asia, Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract’s now found throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, the South Sea Islands, Europe, and Western and Southern Africa.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract, better known as Bitter Orange, is a fruit containing a high level of vitamins.


Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is becoming popular in weight loss products because of its effects on metabolism.
In fact, Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is usually combined with caffeine and other herbs which more directly increase the fat burning process in body.


The scientific name Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract refers to a citrus tree Bitter Orange that is native to southern Asia but has spread to many parts of the world.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract, commonly known as “Bitter Orange” is a plant native to Asia.


The citrus fruit is full of vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds.
Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside present in Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is full of potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is an extract of the fruit of the bitterorange, Citrus aurantium amara.


Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract, sour orange, Seville orange, bigarade orange, or marmalade orange is in a narrow sense the citrus tree Citrus × aurantium[a] and its fruit.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is native to Southeast Asia and has been spread by humans to many parts of the world.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is probably a cross between the pomelo, Citrus maxima, and the mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is used for obesity, athletic performance, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support its use.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract’s commonly used in complementary medicine, herbal weight loss supplements, and certain foods and toppings like marmalade.


Due to the overly sour and bitter taste of the bitter orange fruit; Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is not commonly eaten instead the active ingredient Synephrine is extracted from the peel and is used in fat burners and thermogenics.
Many varieties of Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract are used for their essential oil, and are found in perfume, used as a flavoring or as a solvent, and also for consumption.


The Seville orange variety is used in the production of marmalade and also used to make French bigarade.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is also employed in herbal medicine as a stimulant and appetite suppressant, due to its active ingredient, synephrine.


Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract supplements have been linked to a number of serious side effects and deaths, and consumer groups advocate that people avoid using the fruit medically.
Whether Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract affects medical conditions of heart and cardiovascular organs, by itself or in formulae with other substances, is inconclusive.


Standard reference materials are released concerning the properties in Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract by the National Institute of Standards and Technology for ground fruit, extract, and solid oral dosage form, along with those packaged together into one item.


-Use of Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract:
Pharmacological actions for Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract include antispasmodic, sedative, demulcent, digestive, tonic, and vascular stimulant; as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal agent; and for reducing cholesterol.

Clinical data are limited.
Most medical literature focuses on the plant's safety and efficacy in OTC weight loss supplement formulations, with studies using small sample sizes and often focusing on combination products.
Therefore, no recommendations for any indication can be made.



HISTORY OF BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
The bitter orange spread from Southeast Asia via India and Iran to the Islamic world as early as 700 C.E.
The bitter orange was introduced to Spain in the 10th century by the Moors.
It was introduced to Florida and the Bahamas from Spain, and wild trees are found near small streams in generally secluded and wooded areas.



IDENTIFICATION OF BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract can be identified through its orange fruit with a distinctly bitter or sour taste.
The tree has alternate simple leaves and thorns on its petiole.



MARKET APPLICATIONS OF BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
Sports & Lifestyle Nutrition, Food, Beverage



HEALTH BENEFITS OF BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
Immunity Support, Pre, Intra, Post Workout, Digestive Support, Vegan, Weight Management



BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) AND BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT'S EXTRACTS:
The bitter orange plant thrives in subtropical regions but can withstand adverse environmental conditions like frost for short periods.
Oval or oblong in shape, the fruit is red-orange when ripe and has a distinctively thick, dimpled skin.
True to its name, it’s very bitter.

There are 23 cultivars of the fruit, the most prominent of which is Bergamot.
You can expect some varieties to be more bitter than others.

Bitter orange contains several potent plant compounds that are sometimes extracted from the dried peel to make dietary supplements.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract, p-synephrine, is sold in capsule form as the herbal weight loss supplements Advantra Z and Kinetiq.
Essential oils and powdered and liquid supplement forms are available as well.

Summary
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is a citrus fruit with dimpled skin and potent plant compounds that are extracted and used in a variety of supplements.


*Compounds and nutrients
The plant compounds in bitter orange, which are called protoalkaloids, have been used for over 20 years in supplements for weight loss, athletic performance, skin care, appetite control, and brain health, as well as perfumery.


*Synephrine (p-synephrine)
P-synephrine, the main extract from bitter orange, Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract, has a similar structure to ephedrine, the main component of the herbal weight loss supplement ephedra.

This supplement was banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) because Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract raised blood pressure, increased heart rate, and caused heart attacks and stroke among some consumers.

In addition, Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is structurally similar to your flight-or-fight hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine, which also increase your heart rate.
As such, the safety of Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract has been called into question.

However, several studies have shown that Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract and the plant’s natural uses neither harm your heart and nervous system nor excite nervous system activity, as some stimulants do.

Furthermore, at least one study has claimed that Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract shouldn’t be classified as a stimulant.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is also found in other citrus fruits and their juices, such as mandarins and clementines.


*Limonene
Like other citrus fruits, Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract provides limonene — a compound shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties.
Population studies suggest that limonene may prevent certain cancers, namely colon cancer. However, more rigorous human research is needed.

An ongoing study is also exploring the use of limonene as a treatment for COVID-19.
However, the results are not yet known.



BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
Another protoalkaloid found in Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is p-octopamine.
However, little to no p-octopamine exists in Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract.

Moreover, Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract’s thought to be metabolized very rapidly in your liver when consumed from the whole fruit.
Likewise, Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract doesn’t appear to exert any beneficial or adverse effects on your body.

Other compounds
The leaves of the Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract are rich in vitamin C, which acts as an antioxidant.
What’s more, Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract's peel has a high content of flavonoids, which are potent antioxidants with high medicinal value.

Antioxidants are substances that may protect your body from disease by preventing cell damage.
They work by deactivating free radicals, which are unstable compounds that damage your cells, increasing inflammation and your disease risk.

Summary
Protoalkaloids are plant compounds found in Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract that have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties.
They have been shown to be safe for consumption.



DOES BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT AID WEIGHT LOSS?
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract and other citrus varieties show potential for weight loss, but there’s limited evidence on their effectiveness.

Many weight loss supplements use Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract in combination with other ingredients.
However, scientific studies have not thoroughly examined the composition of these supplements to determine which ingredient, if any, supports weight loss.

Notably, Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract has been shown to increase fat breakdown, raise energy expenditure, and mildly suppress appetite, all of which may contribute to reduced weight.

Yet, these effects occur at high doses that are discouraged due to the lack of safety information.
Thus, more studies on Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract’s weight loss properties are needed.

Summary
Although Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract are often included in weight loss supplements, there’s limited evidence to support their effectiveness.



HEALTH BENEFITS OF BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat indigestion, diarrhea, dysentery, and constipation.
In other regions, the fruit is used to treat anxiety and epilepsy.

Nonetheless, there’s limited evidence to support these uses.
There’s also insufficient evidence to support any uses for symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

All the same, given the high vitamin C content of bitter orange, Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract’s presumed that this fruit may improve skin health.
Vitamin C’s role in wound healing and collagen formation is well established.

Another study noted that the Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract may improve athletic performance though by increasing total reps and volume load, or your ability to train harder.

Summary
There’s insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract and its extracts for its numerous medicinal uses.



MAIN FUNCTIONS OF BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
The main function of Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is increasing metabolic rate and it is an effective fat burning ingredient.
Studies have shown that when Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract has been taken before a workout the body will burn more fat than carbohydrates.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is a legal substance and is often confused with the now-banned substance Ephedrine because of how similar the effects are.

Ephedrine strongly stimulates the alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoreceptors leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure, however, Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is less potent and only weakly stimulates these receptors.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract is a stimulant and is often combined with caffeine to elevate the fat-burning effects and may also enhance cognitive function.



WHAT IS BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM), AND DOES BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT AID WEIGHT LOSS?
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract, also known as sour orange and Seville orange, is a citrus fruit with a multitude of uses.
Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract’s commonly used in complementary medicine, herbal weight loss supplements, and certain foods and toppings like marmalade.



NAMES OF BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
In some new systems, the species Citrus × aurantium includes not only the Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium) Extract proper (Citrus × aurantium), but also all other crosses between the pomelo (Citrus maxima) and the wild mandarin (Citrus reticulata sensu stricto, other name: Citrus daoxianensis), i.e. mainly:
*the sweet orange (Citrus × aurantium Sweet Orange Group, other names: Citrus × aurantium var. sinensis, Citrus sinensis)
*the grapefruit (Citrus × aurantium Grapefruit Group, other names: Citrus × aurantium var. paradisi, Citrus paradisi)
*and all cultivated mandarins (Citrus × aurantium Mandarin Group and Tangerine Group and Satsuma Group etc., other names: Citrus × aurantium var. tangerina and var. deliciosa and var. nobilis and var. unshiu etc., Citrus × aurantium f. deliciosa, Citrus reticulata sensu lato [pro parte majore, i.e. excluding the wild mandarins]).
The following text of this article only deals with the bitter orange proper.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
Assay (HPLC): Synephrine > 6%
Part Used: fruit
Solvents Used: Water & Ethanol
Yellow brown fine powder
CAS Number: 72968-50-4
EC Number: 277-143-2
Botanical Name: Citrus aurantium
Part Used: Fruit, Peel
Appearance: Light yellow to orange powder
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerin

pH: 4.5–6.5
Density: 0.95–1.05 g/cm³
Active Compounds: Synephrine, flavonoids, and pectins
Melting Point: Not applicable (extracts generally don’t have a specific melting point)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (extracts generally don’t have a specific boiling point)
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable
Flash Point: Not applicable
Solubility in Water: Good
Vegan: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BITTER ORANGE (CITRUS AURANTIUM) EXTRACT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available


BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT
Bitter Sophora Root Extract meets CNAS and USDA Organic.
Bitter Sophora Root Extract has a shelf life of 2 years.


CAS Number: 5041-82-7
EC Number: 225-649-4
Latin name: Sophora flavescens Ait
INCI Names: SOPHORA FLAVESCENS ROOT EXTRACT
Molecular Formula: C15H24N2O



SYNONYMS:
Sophora flavescens Root Extract, Ku Shen Extract, Ku Shen Root Extract, Flavescent Sophora Root Extract, Bitter Sophora Extract, Kushen Extract, Sophora Extract, Sophora Root Extract



Bitter Sophora Root Extract acts as an anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory agent.
Bitter Sophora Root Extract contains alkaloids like matrine and oxymatrine.
Bitter Sophora Root Extract relieves internal heat and suppresses tumors.


Bitter Sophora Root Extract finds application in formulating cosmetic products.
Bitter Sophora Root Extract meets CNAS and USDA Organic.
Bitter Sophora Root Extract has a shelf life of 2 years.


Bitter Sophora Root Extract about a dozen alkaloids, with matrine and oxymatrine being by far the highest, together comprising about 2% of the dried root stock (most of it in the form of oxymatrine), followed by closely related alkaloids: mainly sophocarpine, but also minute amounts of sophoranol, sophoramine, sophoridine, allomatrine, isomatrine, and others.


These alkaloids were first reported as constituents of kushen in a series of publications from 1958-1978.
In general, the dosage of the sophora alkaloids administered clinically is in the range of 400-600 mg per day.


Bitter Sophora Root Extract or Sophora flavescens or Ku Shen, which in Chinese means “bitter root,” is an herb used in Traditional medicine to treat a wide variety of symptoms, with purported effects on the heart, liver, intestinal tract, and skin.


Bitter Sophora Root Extract is a natural extract derived from the roots of the Sophora flavescens plant, also known as Ku Shen or Sophora root.
Bitter Sophora Root Extract is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for centuries in traditional medicine practices.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT:
Application of Bitter Sophora Root Extract: Cosmetics, Food, Health Care Products, Med.
Bitter Sophora Root Extract is an alkaloid extracted from Sophora flavescens, a plant of the genus matrine in the leguminous family.
Bitter Sophora Root Extract is tough, the cross section is coarse fiber, yellow white.


The smell of Bitter Sophora Root Extract is slight and the taste is bitter.
Application of Bitter Sophora Root Extract: Food, Health Care Products, Medicine, Cosmetics


Bitter Sophora Root Extract has whitening, anti-inflammatory, anti-acne, antibacterial and other effects, as early as hundreds of years ago was used in beauty and skin care, is now the major cosmeceutical favored cosmetic raw materials.


-Agricultural applications of Bitter Sophora Root Extract:
The marine pesticide used in agriculture actually refers to all the substances extracted from Bitter Sophora Root Extract.
Bitter Sophora Root Extract is widely used in agriculture and has a good control effect.

Bitter Sophora Root Extract is a low-toxic, low-residue, and environmentally-friendly pesticide.
Bitter Sophora Root Extract mainly controls various pests such as pine caterpillars, tea caterpillars, and cabbage caterpillars.
Bitter Sophora Root Extract has many functions such as insecticidal activity, bactericidal activity, and regulation of plant growth function.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT?
Bitter Sophora Root Extract mainly contains alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones, and triterpenoid saponins.
Alkaloids contain matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine, sophoranol, sophoramine, etc.
Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Bitter Sophora Root Extract mainly contains matrine and various alkaloids, and its pharmacological effects are as follows:

1. Anti-tumor
Studies have shown that Bitter Sophora Root Extract has anticancer activity and has different degrees of inhibition on cancer cells.

2. Anti-allergy
In addition to anti-tumor effects, Bitter Sophora Root Extract can also reduce the release of allergic mediators, thereby acting as an immunosuppressive agent, thus having an anti-allergic effect.

3. Antibacterial
Pharmacological studies have shown that other alkaloids in Bitter Sophora Root Extract have inhibitory effects on bacterial respiration and nucleic acid metabolism, and have certain inhibitory effects on Shigella, Proteus, and Staphylococcus aureus.

4. Deworming
The deworming effect of Bitter Sophora Root Extract also benefits from the alkaloid component, which can paralyze the parasite’s nervous system, eventually causing the insect body to lose its adhesion and vitality, and excreted with the metabolic waste to achieve deworming. effect.



FUNCTION OF BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT:
*Health Supplement
*Anti-Inflammatory
*Insecticide



WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT?
1. Clearing heat and drying dampness:
Bitter Sophora Root Extract has similar efficacy with matrine.
Bitter Sophora Root Extract's bitter taste, cold nature, entering the heart, liver and bladder channels, can clear hot air in the body, and has the effect of diuretic and dehumidification.

2. Insecticide:
Bitter Sophora Root Extract has the effect of inhibiting bacteria and trichomoniasis, so it can play a certain therapeutic role for diseases such as wet and hot zone, Yin swelling and Yin itching, eczema and sores.

3. Beauty:
Bitter Sophora Root Extract has the effect of balancing oil, astringent pores, and can remove impurities inside the skin, and play a certain role in repairing cells and beautifying.

4.Anti-inflammatory:



FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT:
1. Applied in Pharmaceuticals: anti-bacteria, anti-inflammatory;
2. To relieve internal heat; and used for suppressing sarcoma S180, anti-tumors;
3. Widely applied in Agriculture filed: (Low toxicity; Safety to wildlife)
· Matrine is used as broad spectrum pesticide insecticide;
· To kill the pests: red mites, rust mites, cabbage worm, cabbage moth, leaf miner, tea geometrid, etc;
· Be widely used as botanical pesticide ingredients.



CLAIMS OF BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT:
*Anti-inflammatories
*Antimicrobials
*bio-based



FEATURES OF BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT:
Bitter Sophora Root Extract is used for heat dysentery, jaundice, blood in the stool, anuria, vaginal discharge, swelling of the vulva pruritus vulvae, eczema, eczema, skin itching, leprosy mange, external treatment of trichomonal vaginitis.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT:
Product Name: Bitter Sophora Root Extract
Botanical Name: Sophora flavescens
Part Used: Root
Specification: 4:1 5:1 8:1
CAS No:519-02-8
Molecular Formula: C15H24N2O
Molecular Weight: 248.3639
Appearance: White needle crystal
Latin Name:Sophora flavescens
Appearance: White Powder
Specification/Active Ingredients: Matrine98%
Certifications:HALAL,KOSHER,ISO22000,SC,BRC(ORGANIC)
Used Part:Root

Main components:Matrines
Formula:C15H24N2O
Specifications:4:1 5:1 8:1
Detection:HPLC
INCI Names: SOPHORA FLAVESCENS ROOT EXTRACT
Appearance: Yellowish-brown powder
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohol
pH: 4.0-7.0 (in solution)
Density: 1.2 g/cm³
Melting Point: Approximately 190°C
Boiling Point: Not applicable (solid extract)
Molecular Formula: C15H24N2O
Molecular Weight: 248.36 g/mol



FIRST AID MEASURES of BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BITTER SOPHORA ROOT EXTRACT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available


Bicarbonate d'ammonium
SynonymsBHMTPMPA;BHMTPHPN(Nax);BHMTPh.PN(Nax);BIS(HEXAMETHYLENE)TRIAMINE-PENTAKIS(ME.-;PARTIALLY NEUTRALISED SODIUM SALT OF BIS HEXAMETHYLENE;bis(hexamethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid));bis(hexamethylene)triamine-pentakis(me.-phosphonicac.)sol.;Bishexamethylenetriamine,pentamethylenepentaphosphonicacid;BIS(HEXAMETHYLENE)TRIAMINE-PENTAKIS(METHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID);N,N-Bis[6-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]hexyl]phosphonomethanamine Cas no: 34690-001
Bis Hexamethylenetriaminepenta(Methylenephosphonic Acid)
EC 411-760-1; Bis(N,N',N''-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)-trioxo-dimanganese (IV) di(hexafluorophosphate)monohydrate CAS NO:116633-52-4
Bis(N,N',N''-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)- trioxo-dimanganese(IV)Bis(N,N',N''-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)-trioxo-dimanganese(IV)di(hexafluorophosphate)
BISMUTH CITRATE, N° CAS : 813-93-4, Nom INCI : BISMUTH CITRATE, Nom chimique : Bismuth citrate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 212-390-1, Classification : Colorant capillaire Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques, Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques, Agent colorant pour cheveux : Colore les cheveux
Bismuth citrate
Bisphenol S; 4,4'-Sulfonyldiphenol; 4,4'-Bisphenol S; 4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone; p,p'-Dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone; 1,1'-Sulfonylbis(4- hydroxybenzene); Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone; Sulfonyl bisphenol; Diphone; 4,4'-Sulfonildifenol; 4,4'-Sulfonyldiphénol; CAS NO: 80-09-1
Bisphenol S
Quintesal 180;Vegetable oils, borage seed;Oils, borago officinalis seed;Borage (borago officinalis) oil;Fats and glyceridic oils, borage seed CAS NO:225234-12-8
BLACK BEAN PEEL EXTRACT

Black Bean Peel Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the outer skin of black beans (Glycine max), known for its rich content of anthocyanins and potent antioxidant properties.
Black Bean Peel Extract is recognized for its ability to protect the skin from oxidative stress, promote even skin tone, and provide anti-aging benefits, making it a valuable addition to skincare formulations.
This versatile extract offers both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits, helping to maintain healthy, youthful, and radiant skin.

CAS Number: 116-129-2

Synonyms: Black Bean Peel Extract, Glycine Max Peel Extract, Black Soybean Hull Extract, Black Soybean Peel Extract, Black Bean Skin Extract, Black Bean Husk Extract, Anthocyanin Extract, Black Soy Extract, Black Bean Antioxidant Extract, Black Bean Skin Active, Glycine Max Peel Active, Black Bean Phytoextract, Black Bean Phytocomplex, Black Bean Bioactive Extract, Black Bean Herbal Extract, Black Bean Polyphenol Extract, Black Soybean Phytocomplex



APPLICATIONS


Black Bean Peel Extract is extensively used in the formulation of anti-aging creams, providing potent antioxidants that help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Black Bean Peel Extract is favored in the creation of brightening serums, where it helps to even skin tone and reduce hyperpigmentation.
Black Bean Peel Extract is utilized in the development of moisturizers, offering antioxidant protection and hydration for dry and mature skin.

Black Bean Peel Extract is widely used in the production of anti-redness treatments, where it helps to calm irritated skin and reduce visible redness.
Black Bean Peel Extract is employed in the formulation of sunscreens, providing additional protection against UV-induced oxidative stress and free radicals.
Black Bean Peel Extract is essential in the creation of facial oils, offering nourishing and protective benefits that enhance skin health and vitality.

Black Bean Peel Extract is utilized in the production of eye creams, providing targeted care that reduces puffiness and dark circles.
Black Bean Peel Extract is a key ingredient in the formulation of after-sun products, providing soothing and protective benefits to sun-exposed skin.
Black Bean Peel Extract is used in the creation of protective serums, where it strengthens the skin's natural defenses against environmental damage.

Black Bean Peel Extract is applied in the formulation of face masks, providing intensive antioxidant care that revitalizes and refreshes the skin.
Black Bean Peel Extract is employed in the production of body lotions, providing all-over antioxidant protection and promoting skin firmness.
Black Bean Peel Extract is used in the development of calming creams, providing deep relief and antioxidant care for reactive skin.

Black Bean Peel Extract is widely utilized in the formulation of scalp treatments, providing antioxidant support that promotes a healthy scalp and stronger hair.
Black Bean Peel Extract is a key component in the creation of prebiotic skincare products, supporting the skin’s microbiome while providing antioxidant and protective benefits.
Black Bean Peel Extract is used in the production of lip care products, providing hydration and antioxidant protection for soft, smooth lips.

Black Bean Peel Extract is employed in the formulation of hand creams, offering antioxidant care that helps to maintain skin softness and reduce signs of aging on the hands.
Black Bean Peel Extract is applied in the creation of daily wear creams, offering balanced hydration, protection, and anti-aging benefits for everyday use.
Black Bean Peel Extract is utilized in the development of skin repair treatments, providing intensive care that helps to restore and protect damaged or aging skin.

Black Bean Peel Extract is found in the formulation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports skin health and improves skin resilience.
Black Bean Peel Extract is used in the production of soothing gels, providing instant relief from irritation while delivering antioxidant protection.
Black Bean Peel Extract is a key ingredient in the creation of multipurpose balms, providing versatile care for sensitive areas such as lips, hands, and face.

Black Bean Peel Extract is widely used in the formulation of anti-inflammatory skincare products, offering soothing and protective benefits for sensitive skin.
Black Bean Peel Extract is employed in the development of nourishing body butters, offering rich hydration and antioxidant protection for dry, rough skin.
Black Bean Peel Extract is applied in the production of anti-aging serums, offering deep hydration and antioxidant care that helps to maintain youthful-looking skin.

Black Bean Peel Extract is utilized in the creation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports skin health and reduces oxidative stress.
Black Bean Peel Extract is found in the formulation of sensitive skin repair treatments, providing targeted care for areas prone to irritation and discomfort.
Black Bean Peel Extract is used in the production of sun care products, providing antioxidant protection and hydration that preserves skin health.



DESCRIPTION


Black Bean Peel Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the outer skin of black beans (Glycine max), known for its rich content of anthocyanins and potent antioxidant properties.
Black Bean Peel Extract is recognized for its ability to protect the skin from oxidative stress, promote even skin tone, and provide anti-aging benefits, making it a valuable addition to skincare formulations.

Black Bean Peel Extract offers additional benefits such as improving skin texture and promoting a healthy, radiant complexion, ensuring long-lasting protection against environmental damage.
Black Bean Peel Extract is often incorporated into formulations designed to provide comprehensive care for mature and environmentally stressed skin, offering both immediate and long-term benefits.
Black Bean Peel Extract is recognized for its ability to enhance the overall health and appearance of the skin, leaving it smooth, firm, and glowing.

Black Bean Peel Extract is commonly used in both traditional and innovative skincare formulations, providing a reliable solution for maintaining youthful, protected skin.
Black Bean Peel Extract is valued for its ability to support the skin's natural defenses, making it a key ingredient in products that aim to protect and revitalize the skin.
Black Bean Peel Extract is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of products, including creams, lotions, serums, and oils.

Black Bean Peel Extract is an ideal choice for products targeting aging, dull, and environmentally stressed skin, as it provides gentle yet effective antioxidant protection and skin rejuvenation.
Black Bean Peel Extract is known for its compatibility with other skincare actives, allowing it to be easily integrated into multi-functional formulations.
Black Bean Peel Extract is often chosen for formulations that require a balance between nourishment, protection, and antioxidant care, ensuring comprehensive skin benefits.

Black Bean Peel Extract enhances the overall effectiveness of personal care products by providing rich antioxidants, protective care, and skin rejuvenation in one ingredient.
Black Bean Peel Extract is a reliable ingredient for creating products that offer a pleasant user experience, with noticeable improvements in skin texture, tone, and radiance.
Black Bean Peel Extract is an essential component in innovative skincare products that stand out in the market for their performance, safety, and ability to protect and rejuvenate the skin.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: N/A (Natural extract)
Common Name: Black Bean Peel Extract (Glycine Max Peel Extract)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Dark brown to black liquid or powder
Density: Approx. 1.00-1.05 g/cm³ (for liquid extract)
Melting Point: N/A (liquid or powder form)
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohols; insoluble in oils
Flash Point: >100°C (for liquid extract)
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low (for liquid extract)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Black Bean Peel Extract is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Black Bean Peel Extract is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Black Bean Peel Extract to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Black Bean Peel Extract.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store Black Bean Peel Extract in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid inhalation of vapors and direct contact with skin and eyes.
Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Black Bean Peel Extract at temperatures between 15-25°C as recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Black Bean Peel Extract away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizers.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Black Bean Peel Extract to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of cosmetic ingredients.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.

BLACK COHOSH EXTRACT

Black Cohosh Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the roots of the Black Cohosh plant (Cimicifuga racemosa), known for its phytoestrogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
Black Cohosh Extract is recognized for its ability to support skin health, soothe irritation, and provide anti-aging benefits, making it a valuable addition to skincare and personal care formulations.
This versatile extract offers both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits, helping to maintain balanced, rejuvenated, and radiant skin.

CAS Number: 84776-26-1
EC Number: 283-640-5

Synonyms: Black Cohosh Extract, Cimicifuga Racemosa Extract, Black Snakeroot Extract, Bugbane Root Extract, Actaea Racemosa Extract, Cimicifuga Root Extract, Black Cohosh Root Extract, Cimicifuga Herbal Extract, Black Cohosh Phytoextract, Black Cohosh Phytocomplex, Black Cohosh Bioactive Extract, Cimicifuga Phytoactives, Cimicifuga Skin Care Active, Black Cohosh Anti-inflammatory Extract, Black Cohosh Natural Extract



APPLICATIONS


Black Cohosh Extract is extensively used in the formulation of anti-aging creams, providing phytoestrogenic benefits that help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Black Cohosh Extract is favored in the creation of calming serums, where it helps to reduce redness, inflammation, and skin sensitivity.
Black Cohosh Extract is utilized in the development of moisturizers, offering hydration and soothing care for dry and mature skin.

Black Cohosh Extract is widely used in the production of anti-redness treatments, where it helps to calm irritated skin and reduce visible redness.
Black Cohosh Extract is employed in the formulation of anti-inflammatory creams, providing relief from skin irritation and inflammation.
Black Cohosh Extract is essential in the creation of facial oils, offering a combination of nourishment, protection, and anti-aging benefits.

Black Cohosh Extract is utilized in the production of eye creams, providing targeted care that reduces puffiness, dark circles, and signs of aging around the eyes.
Black Cohosh Extract is a key ingredient in the formulation of calming and soothing products for sensitive or reactive skin.
Black Cohosh Extract is used in the creation of protective serums, where it helps to protect the skin from environmental stressors and oxidative damage.

Black Cohosh Extract is applied in the formulation of face masks, providing intensive care that revitalizes and soothes the skin.
Black Cohosh Extract is employed in the production of body lotions, providing all-over soothing and protective benefits for dry and aging skin.
Black Cohosh Extract is used in the development of calming creams, providing deep relief and hydration for sensitive and reactive skin.

Black Cohosh Extract is widely utilized in the formulation of scalp treatments, providing anti-inflammatory and soothing care that supports scalp health and comfort.
Black Cohosh Extract is a key component in the creation of prebiotic skincare products, supporting the skin’s microbiome while providing soothing and protective benefits.
Black Cohosh Extract is used in the production of lip care products, providing hydration and protection for soft, smooth lips.

Black Cohosh Extract is employed in the formulation of hand creams, offering hydration and soothing care that helps to maintain skin softness and reduce signs of aging.
Black Cohosh Extract is applied in the creation of daily wear creams, offering balanced hydration and protection for everyday use.
Black Cohosh Extract is utilized in the development of skin repair treatments, providing intensive care that helps to restore and protect damaged or irritated skin.

Black Cohosh Extract is found in the formulation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports skin health and improves skin resilience.
Black Cohosh Extract is used in the production of soothing gels, providing instant relief from irritation and helping to calm reactive skin.
Black Cohosh Extract is a key ingredient in the creation of multipurpose balms, providing versatile care for sensitive areas such as lips, hands, and face.

Black Cohosh Extract is widely used in the formulation of anti-inflammatory skincare products, offering soothing and protective benefits for sensitive skin.
Black Cohosh Extract is employed in the development of nourishing body butters, offering rich hydration and protection for dry, rough skin.
Black Cohosh Extract is applied in the production of anti-aging serums, offering deep hydration and soothing care that helps to maintain youthful-looking skin.

Black Cohosh Extract is utilized in the creation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports skin health and reduces oxidative stress.
Black Cohosh Extract is found in the formulation of sensitive skin repair treatments, providing targeted care for areas prone to irritation and discomfort.
Black Cohosh Extract is used in the production of sun care products, providing soothing care and protection that preserves skin health.



DESCRIPTION


Black Cohosh Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the roots of the Black Cohosh plant (Cimicifuga racemosa), known for its phytoestrogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
Black Cohosh Extract is recognized for its ability to support skin health, soothe irritation, and provide anti-aging benefits, making it a valuable addition to skincare and personal care formulations.

Black Cohosh Extract offers additional benefits such as promoting skin elasticity and improving skin texture, ensuring long-lasting rejuvenation and protection.
Black Cohosh Extract is often incorporated into formulations designed to provide comprehensive care for mature, sensitive, and environmentally stressed skin, offering both immediate and long-term benefits.
Black Cohosh Extract is recognized for its ability to enhance the overall health and appearance of the skin, leaving it smooth, firm, and radiant.

Black Cohosh Extract is commonly used in both traditional and innovative skincare formulations, providing a reliable solution for maintaining youthful, balanced skin.
Black Cohosh Extract is valued for its ability to support the skin's natural defenses, making it a key ingredient in products that aim to protect and soothe the skin.
Black Cohosh Extract is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of products, including creams, lotions, serums, and oils.

Black Cohosh Extract is an ideal choice for products targeting aging, sensitive, and environmentally stressed skin, as it provides gentle yet effective anti-aging and soothing benefits.
Black Cohosh Extract is known for its compatibility with other skincare actives, allowing it to be easily integrated into multi-functional formulations.
Black Cohosh Extract is often chosen for formulations that require a balance between soothing care, protection, and rejuvenation, ensuring comprehensive skin benefits.

Black Cohosh Extract enhances the overall effectiveness of personal care products by providing phytoestrogens, antioxidants, and soothing care in one ingredient.
Black Cohosh Extract is a reliable ingredient for creating products that offer a pleasant user experience, with noticeable improvements in skin texture, tone, and comfort.
Black Cohosh Extract is an essential component in innovative skincare products that stand out in the market for their performance, safety, and ability to soothe and rejuvenate the skin.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: N/A (Natural extract)
Common Name: Black Cohosh Extract (Cimicifuga Racemosa Extract)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Light brown to dark brown liquid or powder
Density: Approx. 1.00-1.05 g/cm³ (for liquid extract)
Melting Point: N/A (liquid or powder form)
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohols; insoluble in oils
Flash Point: >100°C (for liquid extract)
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low (for liquid extract)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Black Cohosh Extract is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Black Cohosh Extract is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:
Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Black Cohosh Extract to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Black Cohosh Extract.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store Black Cohosh Extract in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Black Cohosh Extract away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizers.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Black Cohosh Extract to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of cosmetic ingredients.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.


BLANOSE CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE (CMC)

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is a chemical compound derived from cellulose, a natural polymer found in plants.
Specifically, it is a water-soluble polymer that is synthesized by the carboxymethylation of cellulose.

CAS Number: 9004-32-4
EC Number: 618-378-6

Synonyms: Carboxymethylcellulose, CMC, Cellulose gum, Sodium CMC, Sodium cellulose glycolate, Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Cellulose carboxymethyl ether, E466, Tylose, Cellulose sodium, CMC-Na, Cellulose carboxymethyl, Sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, Sodium salt of cellulose carboxymethyl ether, Cellulose carboxymethylate sodium, Sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium cellulose carboxymethylate, Sodium cellulose carboxymethyl ether, Sodium cellulose carboxymethyl cellulose, Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, Cellulose sodium carboxymethyl ether, Sodium salt of cellulose carboxymethylate, Carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium salt, Carboxymethylated cellulose, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, Carboxymethylcellulose sodium, Sodium cellulose carboxymethyl, Carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium salt, Sodium cellulose carboxymethylate, Sodium salt of cellulose carboxymethylate, Cellulose gum sodium, Sodium cellulose carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium cellulose glycolate, Sodium cellulose carboxymethylate, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, Cellulose gum, sodium salt, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Sodium cellulose glycolate, Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, Cellulose carboxymethyl ether sodium salt, Sodium carboxymethylcellulose



APPLICATIONS


In the food industry, Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is used as a thickener and stabilizer in products such as sauces, dressings, and desserts.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is commonly added to dairy products like ice cream and yogurt to improve texture and prevent syneresis.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) serves as an emulsifier in processed foods, ensuring uniform dispersion of fats and oils.

In the pharmaceutical industry, CMC is used as a binder in tablet formulations to hold ingredients together.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) acts as a disintegrant, promoting the rapid breakdown of tablets into smaller particles for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is used in ophthalmic solutions and eye drops to increase viscosity and prolong contact time with the ocular surface.
In personal care products, CMC is added to toothpaste and mouthwash as a thickening agent and binder.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) improves the consistency and flow properties of oral care products, enhancing user experience.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is used in hair care products such as shampoos and conditioners to provide thickening and stabilizing properties.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) helps maintain product viscosity and prevents separation of ingredients during storage.
In the textile industry, CMC is used as a sizing agent to improve the strength and abrasion resistance of yarns and fabrics.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) serves as a thickener in textile printing pastes, ensuring sharp and defined prints on fabrics.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is added to detergents and household cleaners as a soil suspending agent, preventing dirt particles from re-depositing on surfaces.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) improves the flow properties of liquid detergents and enhances their cleaning efficiency.
In the paper industry, CMC is used as a coating additive to improve the surface properties of paper and paperboard.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) enhances ink receptivity, printability, and water resistance of coated papers.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is added to latex paints and adhesives as a thickening agent and rheology modifier.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) improves the stability and workability of paint formulations, preventing sagging and dripping.

In ceramic production, CMC is used as a binder in ceramic bodies and glazes to improve green strength and adhesion.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) facilitates the shaping and molding of ceramic articles and enhances their mechanical properties.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is used in drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry to provide viscosity and fluid loss control.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) helps suspend drill cuttings and prevent formation damage during drilling operations.

In the construction industry, CMC is added to cement-based formulations as a water retention agent and rheology modifier.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) improves workability, adhesion, and durability of mortar, grouts, and tile adhesives.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) finds applications in a wide range of industrial processes, including water treatment, mining, and paper recycling, where its thickening, binding, and stabilizing properties are utilized.

In the pet food industry, CMC is added to pet food formulations as a binder and stabilizer, improving the texture and palatability of pet foods.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) helps retain moisture and prevent dryness in pet food products.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is used in the textile industry as a sizing agent for warp yarns in weaving processes, improving yarn strength and reducing breakage.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) facilitates the weaving process by providing lubrication and reducing friction between yarns.

In the ceramics industry, CMC is utilized as a binder in ceramic glazes and engobes to improve adhesion to the ceramic surface and enhance decorative effects.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is added to ceramic slurries for slip casting processes to improve flow properties and reduce defects in castings.
In the cosmetics industry, CMC is used in various formulations such as creams, lotions, and gels as a thickener and stabilizer.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) imparts a smooth, creamy texture to cosmetic products and enhances their spreadability on the skin.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is added to pharmaceutical suspensions and oral liquids as a suspending agent, preventing settling of particles and ensuring uniform distribution of active ingredients.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) improves the palatability and ease of administration of liquid medications.
In the mining industry, CMC is used in mineral processing operations as a flocculant and depressant, aiding in the separation of valuable minerals from gangue.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) helps aggregate fine particles into larger, settleable flocs, facilitating solid-liquid separation processes.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is utilized in water treatment processes as a coagulant aid and filter aid to improve the efficiency of sedimentation and filtration processes.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) helps remove suspended solids, turbidity, and organic matter from water, resulting in clearer and cleaner water.
In the oil drilling industry, CMC is added to drilling muds as a viscosifier and fluid loss control agent, providing stability to the drilling fluid and preventing formation damage.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) helps transport drill cuttings to the surface and maintains wellbore stability during drilling operations.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is used in the production of battery separators for lead-acid batteries as a binder and filler, enhancing mechanical strength and electrolyte retention.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) improves the cycling performance and service life of lead-acid batteries.

In the agricultural industry, CMC is used as a soil conditioner and water retention agent to improve soil structure and moisture retention in agricultural soils.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) enhances soil tilth, aeration, and nutrient availability for plant growth.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is added to seed coatings to improve seed adhesion and protectants, promoting germination and seedling vigor.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) helps protect seeds from environmental stresses and enhances crop establishment in adverse conditions.

In the paint and coatings industry, CMC is used as a thickener and rheology modifier in water-based formulations such as latex paints and emulsion coatings.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) provides sag resistance, improved flow, and leveling properties to paint formulations, resulting in smooth and uniform coatings.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is employed in the production of polymer-based films and membranes for applications such as packaging, filtration, and separation processes, where its film-forming and barrier properties are utilized.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) serves as a versatile additive, enhancing the texture, stability, and performance of products.
The viscosity of CMC solutions can be adjusted by varying the polymer concentration and solution pH.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) exhibits pseudoplastic behavior, meaning its viscosity decreases under shear stress.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) forms transparent, flexible films when dry, making it suitable for coatings and films.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is compatible with a wide range of other additives and ingredients, allowing for easy formulation.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is non-toxic, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) provides excellent moisture retention properties, making it ideal for use in personal care products.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a binder, disintegrant, and controlled-release agent.
In the food industry, CMC acts as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier in various products.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) improves the texture and mouthfeel of food items such as sauces, dressings, and ice cream.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is often incorporated into paint and adhesive formulations to improve viscosity and adhesion.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) enhances the shelf life and stability of products by preventing phase separation and degradation.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is easily dispersible in water and forms stable solutions over a wide range of temperatures.
It is resistant to microbial degradation, making it suitable for use in long-lasting products.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is commonly used in oral care products such as toothpaste and mouthwash for its thickening and binding properties.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) helps control the release of active ingredients in pharmaceutical tablets and capsules.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is a cost-effective additive that offers numerous functional benefits in product formulations.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)is a versatile polymer with a wide range of applications, contributing to the quality and performance of diverse products across industries.



DESCRIPTION


Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is a chemical compound derived from cellulose, a natural polymer found in plants.
Specifically, it is a water-soluble polymer that is synthesized by the carboxymethylation of cellulose.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is commonly used in various industries for its thickening, stabilizing, binding, and film-forming properties.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is available in different grades with varying viscosities and degrees of substitution, allowing for its use in a wide range of applications.

In the food industry, CMC is used as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in products such as ice cream, yogurt, sauces, and dressings.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) helps improve texture, viscosity, and mouthfeel while providing stability to the final product.

In the pharmaceutical industry, CMC is used as a binder, disintegrant, and viscosity modifier in tablet formulations, suspensions, and topical creams.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) aids in the binding of tablet ingredients, promotes rapid disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract, and enhances the spreadability of topical formulations.

In the personal care and household products industry, CMC is used in products such as toothpaste, detergents, and cosmetics as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and binder.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) improves the viscosity, texture, and stability of these products, enhancing their performance and shelf life.

In the paper and textile industries, CMC is used as a sizing agent, coating additive, and binder in paper production and textile printing.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) improves the strength, printability, and water resistance of paper and textile materials, making them suitable for various applications.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, a natural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is a white to off-white, odorless powder or granular substance.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is characterized by its high purity and consistency in physical and chemical properties.
The polymer structure of CMC consists of cellulose chains with carboxymethyl groups attached to the cellulose backbone.

Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has excellent water retention properties, making it highly soluble in water and forming clear, viscous solutions.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is often used as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and viscosity modifier in various industries.
Blanose carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is widely utilized in food products, pharmaceuticals, personal care items, and industrial applications.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: White to off-white powder or granules.
Odor: Odorless.
Taste: Tasteless.
Solubility: Soluble in water, forming clear to slightly turbid solutions.
Molecular Weight: Varies depending on the degree of substitution and polymerization.
Density: Typically ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 g/cm³.
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting.
Viscosity: Exhibits pseudoplastic behavior, with viscosity decreasing under shear stress.
pH: Usually neutral in aqueous solution.
Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture from the air.
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Insoluble in most organic solvents but soluble in some polar solvents like ethanol and acetone.
Particle Size: Typically ranges from micrometers to millimeters depending on the grade.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: (C6H10O5)n(CH2COONa)m, where n represents the cellulose backbone and m represents the degree of substitution.
Structure: Carboxymethylcellulose is a cellulose derivative obtained by the reaction of cellulose with chloroacetic acid or its sodium salt.
Degree of Substitution (DS): The average number of carboxymethyl groups per glucose unit in the cellulose backbone. Typically ranges from 0.5 to 1.5.
Hydrophilicity: Exhibits hydrophilic properties due to the presence of carboxymethyl groups, making it soluble in water.
Crosslinking: Can be crosslinked to form hydrogels, increasing its water absorption capacity and mechanical strength.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, immediately move the affected person to fresh air.
Ensure that the individual can breathe comfortably.
If breathing difficulties persist or if the person is not breathing, seek medical attention promptly.
Keep the affected person calm and reassured.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation, redness, or discomfort persists, seek medical advice.
If CMC comes into contact with sensitive skin or open wounds, seek medical attention promptly.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if irritation is not initially present.
Remove contact lenses if easily removable after flushing.
Protect the unaffected eye during flushing to prevent cross-contamination.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and spit out.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Provide medical personnel with information on the amount ingested and the time of ingestion.


General First Aid:

If symptoms of overexposure develop (such as headache, nausea, dizziness, or difficulty breathing), seek medical attention immediately.
Keep affected individuals warm and quiet.
Treat symptomatically and supportively.
In case of chemical burns, rinse affected skin or eyes with copious amounts of water and seek medical attention promptly.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate protective clothing, including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, to minimize skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask or respirator, if handling CMC in powdered form or in dusty environments.
Ensure all PPE is in good condition and properly fitted before handling CMC.

Handling Precautions:
Handle CMC in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure.
Avoid generating dust or aerosols when handling the solid compound.
Use tools and equipment designed for handling powders to minimize the risk of spills and dust generation.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling CMC.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling to remove any residual product.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In the event of a spill or leak, contain the area to prevent further spread of the material.
Clean up spills promptly using absorbent materials such as vermiculite or sand.
Avoid sweeping or vacuuming up dry material, as this may generate dust.
Dispose of contaminated materials according to local regulations.

Equipment Cleaning:
Clean equipment and containers used for handling CMC regularly to prevent buildup and cross-contamination.
Use mild detergents and water to clean equipment, followed by thorough rinsing.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store CMC in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flames.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and evaporation.
Store away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizing agents and acids.
Ensure storage area is equipped with appropriate containment measures to contain spills.
Store in containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass.
Check containers regularly for signs of damage or leakage and replace if necessary.

Segregation and Separation:
Segregate CMC from incompatible materials, such as acids, bases, and strong oxidizing agents.
Store CMC away from food, beverages, and feedstuffs to prevent contamination.

Handling and Storage Equipment:
Use equipment and containers specifically designated for handling CMC to prevent cross-contamination.
Ensure equipment used for transferring or dispensing CMC is clean and free from residues of incompatible materials.

Emergency Procedures:
Familiarize personnel with emergency procedures in case of spills, leaks, or exposure incidents.
Maintain spill kits and absorbent materials readily available for immediate response to spills.
Train personnel on proper handling procedures and emergency response protocols.
BLUE VITRIOL
Blue Vitriol (CuSO4.5H2O), is a common salt of copper.
Blue Vitriol appears as blue crystalline granules or powder.
Blue Vitriol is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus.

CAS Number: 7758-99-8
EC Number: 616-477-9
Chemical Formula: CuSO4·5H2O
Molecular Weight: 249.69

Blue Vitriol is known as Copper sulphate pentahydrate.
Blue Vitriol is an odorless blue crystal that readily dissolves in water.
Blue Vitriol is also soluble in methanol, glycerol and slightly soluble in ethanol.

Blue Vitriol is highly toxic, non-combustible has a nauseating metallic taste and turns white when dehydrated.
Blue Vitriol is structurally, in the pentahydrate molecule, each copper(II) ions is surrounded by four water molecules in the corners and the fifth water molecule is attached by hydrogen bonding.

Copper (II) sulphate has many applications including preparation of Bordeaux mixture, a fungicide preparation.
Electroplating, timber preservation and textile industry use copper (II) sulphate.

Copper(II) sulphate, also known as copper sulphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4.
Blue Vitriol forms hydrates CuSO4·nH2O, where n can range from 1 to 7.

The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper(II) sulphate.
Older names for the pentahydrate include bluestone, vitriol of copper, and Roman vitriol.

Blue Vitriol exothermically dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry.
The structure of the solid pentahydrate reveals a polymeric structure wherein copper is again octahedral but bound to four water ligands.

The Cu(II)(H2O)4 centers are interconnected by sulphate anions to form chains.
Anhydrous copper sulphate is a light grey powder.

Blue Vitriol appears as blue crystalline granules or powder.
Blue Vitriol is melting point 110 °C (with decomposition).

Blue Vitriol is non-combustible.
Blue Vitriol is nauseating metallic taste.

Blue Vitriol is odorless.
Blue Vitriol is white when dehydrated.

Blue Vitriol is the pentahydrate of copper(2+) sulphate.
Blue Vitriol is a bright blue crystalline solid.

Blue Vitriol is a hydrate and a metal sulphate.
Blue Vitriol contains a copper(II) sulphate.

Blue Vitriol is a sulphate salt of copper.
Blue Vitriol is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus.
Blue Vitriol also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.

Blue Vitriol is a common salt of copper.
Copper sulphate is a bright blue, odourless crystalline solid which is soluble in water.

The archaic name for copper(II) sulphate is "bluestone".
Blue Vitriol has numerous applications including as an ingredient in fungicides, algaecides, and pesticides; laboratory analytical reagent, for zinc etching and as a mordant.

Several chemical tests utilize copper sulphate as an indicator.
In a flame test Blue Vitriol copper ions emit a deep blue-green light.

Blue Vitriol is used in Fehlings solution and Benedicts solution to test for reducing sugars, which reduce the soluble blue copper(II) sulphate to insoluble red copper oxide.
Copper(II) sulphate is also used in the Biuret reagent to test for proteins.

Copper sulphate is a commonly included chemical in children's che­mistry sets and is often used in high school crystal growing and copper plating experiments.
However due to Blue Vitriol toxicity, Blue Vitriol is not recommended for small children and should always be supervised.

Copper sulphate is often used to demonstrate an exothermic reaction, in which steel wool or magnesium ribbon is placed in an aqueous solution of CuSO4.

Blue Vitriol is used in school chemistry courses to demonstrate the principle of mineral hydration.
The pentahydrate form, which is blue, is heated, turning the copper sulphate into the anhydrous form which is white, while the water that was present in the pentahydrate form evaporates.

When water is then added to the anhydrous compound, Blue Vitriol turns back into the pentahydrate form, regaining Blue Vitriol blue colour.
Blue Vitriol can be used to plate metals with copper.

Before melting Blue Vitriol gets decomposed.
At first Blue Vitriol loses two molecules of water at a temperature of 63oC and after that two more at 109oC and finally the last water molecule at 220oC.

At a temperature of 650 oC, copper(II) sulphate gets decomposed into copper(II) oxide (CuO) and sulphur trioxide (SO3).
Copper sulphate is blue in color due to the presence of water of hydration.
If Copper Sulphate is heated in an open flame, the crystals get dehydrated and turn greyish-white

Blue Vitriol finds use in agriculture as a fungicide.
Mixed with lime Blue Vitriol is called Bordeaux mixture, which is used to control fungus on plant leaves, grapes and other berries.
Normally Blue Vitriol is used as a 1% solution (100g copper sulphate & 100g Lime per 10 litres of water)

Blue Vitriol use as a herbicide is not agricultural, but instead for control of invasive exotic aquatic plants and the roots of other invasive plants near various pipes that contain water.

A very dilute solution of copper sulphate is used to treat aquarium fish of various parasitic infections, and is also used to remove snails from aquariums.
However, as the copper ions are also highly toxic to the fish, care must be taken with the dosage.
Most species of algae can be controlled with very low concentrations of copper sulphate.

Copper sulphate is found in Moss removal products.
Blue Vitriol is an effective algaecide and fungicide.

The chemical formula for Blue Vitriol is CuSO4·5H2O.
Blue Vitriol CAS is 7758-98-8.
Blue Vitriol is highly toxic, non-combustible, odorless blue crystalline powder has a nauseating metallic taste and turns white when dehydrated.

The structure of the solid pentahydrate reveals a polymeric structure wherein copper is again octahedral but bound to four water ligands.
The Cu(II)(H2O)4 centers are interconnected by sulphate anions to form chains.

Skin contact can cause first-degree burns on short exposure, with second-degree burns from prolonged exposure.
Blue Vitriol is soluble in methanol but insoluble in ethanol.
Blue Vitriol readily forms soluble alkaline complexes at sufficiently high concentrations of amines or alkali cyanides.

Blue Vitriol is most easily prepared by the reaction of basic copper (II) compound with a sulfuric acid solution.
Copper metal, sulfuric acid and air are the most common starting materials for the production of the inorganic compound.

Blue Vitriol is primarily used as a fungicide.
However, some fungi are capable of adapting to elevated levels of copper ions.

Blue Vitriol is a salt created by treating cupric oxide with sulfuric acid.
This forms as large, bright blue crystals containing five molecules of water (CuSO4∙5H2O) and is also known as Copper sulphate pentahydrate.

The anhydrous salt is created by heating the hydrate to 150 °C (300 °F).
Blue Vitriol is used primarily for agricultural purposes, as a pesticide, germicide, feed additive, and soil additive.
Some of Blue Vitriol secondary uses are as a raw material in the preparation of other copper compounds, as a reagent in analytic chemistry, as an electrolyte for batteries and electroplating baths, and in medical practice as a locally applied fungicide, bactericide, and astringent.

Copper is an essential trace element and an important catalyst for heme synthesis and iron absorption.
After zinc and iron, copper is the third most abundant trace element found in the human body.

Copper is a noble metal and Blue Vitriol properties include high thermal and electrical conductivity, low corrosion, alloying ability, and malleability.
Copper is a component of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD) and the release of copper is necessary for their important contraceptive effects.
The average daily intake of copper in the USA is approximately 1 mg Cu with the diet being a primary source.

Interestingly, the dysregulation of copper has been studied with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases, such as Wilson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease.
Data from clinical observations of the neurotoxic effects of copper may provide the basis for future treatments affecting copper and Blue Vitriol homeostasis.

Copper(II) sulphate, also known as copper sulphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4.
Blue Vitriol forms hydrates CuSO4·nH2O, where n can range from 1 to 7.

The pentahydrate (n = 5), a bright blue crystal, is the most commonly encountered hydrate of copper(II) sulphate.
Older names for the pentahydrate include bluestone, vitriol of copper, and Roman vitriol.

Blue Vitriol exothermically dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Cu(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry.
The structure of the solid pentahydrate reveals a polymeric structure wherein copper is again octahedral but bound to four water ligands.

The Cu(II)(H2O)4 centers are interconnected by sulphate anions to form chains.
Anhydrous copper sulphate is a light grey powder.

Copper(II) sulphate Pentahydrate is a moderately water and acid soluble Sodium source for uses compatible with sulphates.
sulphate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal.

Most metal sulphate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble.
Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions.

Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar cells and fuel cells.
Copper(II) sulphate Pentahydrateis generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.

Copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate decomposes before melting.
Upon heating at 63°C (145°F), two water molecules are followed by two more at 109°C (228°F) and the final water molecule at 200°C (392°F).

Dehydration continues with the breakdown of tetraacuopperin (2+), with two opposing aqua groups being a diacoper (2+) fragment.
The second dehydration stage occurs when the last two battery packs are lost.

Complete dehydration occurs when the unbound water molecule breaks down.
At 650 °C (1,202 °F), copper (II) sulphate decomposes into copper (II) oxide (CuO) and sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ).

Copper sulphate, also known as bluestone, is a blue and odorless substance.
Copper sulphate is produced industrially by treating copper metal with oxides with hot concentrated sulfuric acid or dilute sulfuric acid.

Copper sulphate is often purchased for laboratory use.
Copper sulphate can also be produced by leaching of low-grade copper ore in the air; Settings are available to speed up the process.

Commercial copper sulphate is generally about 98% pure copper sulphate, and little water is saved.
Anhydrous Copper sulphate is 39.81 mass percent copper and 60.19 percent sulphate, and in Blue Vitriol blue, aqueous form, Blue Vitriol is 25.47% copper, 38.47% sulphate (12.82% sulfur), and 36.06% water, by mass.
According to the use of large crystals (10-40 mm), small crystals (2-10 mm), snow crystals (less than 2 mm) and wind-puffing powder (less than 0.15 mm), four shaped crystal sizes are provided.

Blue Vitriol is often used as a source of copper ions.
In inorganic chemistry, pure copper metal is typically prepared by heating the purest form of pure copper (CuO) with sulfur.

The sulfur breaks down into toxic hydrogen sulfide gas, while Blue Vitriol becomes almost exclusively a single crystal composed of pure metallic copper.
Blue Vitriol is low cost and extracts the hydrated ion from water to produce hydrogen ions, which can then be conducted through an electrolytic cell to create an electrical current.

Below are some of the most common uses of Blue Vitriol:

In electroplating as an inhibitor:
In electroplating and cathodic protection, Blue Vitriol is often used as an inhibitor.
The reaction between copper ions and sodium sulfite ions forms a white or light-coloured fluid that prevents further reaction and is a property often considered advantageous.
However, this corrosion-inhibiting solution can only be used at certain temperatures and is not suitable for general use.

In water purification as a coagulant:
Blue Vitriol has been said to be effective in the purification of potable water using electrolysis under certain conditions.
However, Blue Vitriol is inferior to other methods of water purification in some cases.

Another example is the use of Blue Vitriol in the removal of arsenic from the water.
Blue Vitriol is a solid powder that has been found to be effective in the complete removal of arsenate and arsenite.

In agriculture, as a pesticide and fungicide:
Blue Vitriol can also be used to protect plants from fungi, bacteria, and nematodes, but Blue Vitriol must be applied before an infestation occurs.
The application of copper compounds is one of the best control methods for this purpose, but copper compounds have been known to poison certain plants if they are present in large quantities.

In metal plating and electroplating as a solvent:
Blue Vitriol is often used in the production of copper, silver, and gold alloys as an effective copper salt and an electrolytic solution.
Blue Vitriol was first used for direct plating for various applications in the late 19th century.

Copper compounds are often used in fungicidal spray solutions, etching solutions, electrolytic solutions, and other solutions to provide different properties to the alloy.
Copper compounds are also often used as fluxing agents or purification agents.

In the production of copper alloys, an alloy of copper, silver, and gold is prepared.
The mixture can only be prepared in this way at a very high temperature; the gases produced at such high temperatures are used for annealing the metal.
The completion of these alloys can only be done at certain temperatures.

In photography as a developing solution:
The first photographs were developed using silver chloride, which was eventually replaced by ammonium thiocyanate and then ammonium thiosulphate for safety reasons.
The use of Blue Vitriol was first recommended in 1844 by Coleman Sellers and Thomas Sutton but has never been extensively used.

Blue Vitriol is often used to develop films, plates, and papers.
In this process, Blue Vitriol is mixed with the other ingredients necessary for the reaction and then poured over the object to be developed.
After a while, Blue Vitriol begins to form crystals on top of the object so that Blue Vitriol can be removed manually.

In pottery as a glaze:
Blue Vitriol has been used as a glossing agent in the production of pottery and ceramics since Blue Vitriol was industrialized in the 19th century.
Blue Vitriol has also been used during the 19th and 20th centuries to produce metallized dishes in China and Japan.

This powder is often used to provide high gloss, transparency, and colour variations within these ceramics.
Blue Vitriol is easy to handle and is non-corrosive.

As a paint and pigment:
In the 19th century, Blue Vitriol was used as a permanent white pigment in paints, but Blue Vitriol also produced Blue Vitriol own characteristic blue-green colour.
Blue Vitriol was also used as a pigment in paints in the late 1990s.

Blue Vitriol is highly volatile, which means that Blue Vitriol can be stored safely.
However, this powder is usually not easy to handle and has high reactivity when noxious gases are present; therefore, Blue Vitriol is usually not used with other pigments.

Blue Vitriol is a very versatile compound with numerous commercial applications.
Some of these uses are very similar to those of copper sulphate anhydrous, but there is a difference between the two compounds in terms of their chemical reactions and the effects they produce.
Depending on their application, conditions may differ; this means that in some cases, Blue Vitriol may be better suited to certain applications than other compounds.

Usage areas of Blue Vitriol:
Blue Vitriol is used in an additive for book binding pastes and glues to protect paper from insect bites in printing.
As a water-resistant and disinfectant concrete admixture in the building.

Blue Vitriol is used as a coloring component in works of art, particularly glasses and pottery.
Copper sulphate is used as a blue colored substance in the manufacture of fireworks.

In decoration, copper sulphate adds color to cement, metals and ceramics.
Blue Vitriol corrects copper deficiencies in soil and animals and promotes the growth of livestock.

In decoration, copper sulphate adds color to cement, metals and ceramics.
Some batteries, electrodes and wire contain copper sulphate.
Blue Vitriol is used in printing ink and hair dye and creates a green color in fireworks.

Usage In the Formulation of Plant Nutrition and Protection Products:
Blue Vitriol is used in the formulation of powder and liquid plant nutrition products.
Blue Vitriol is also used as an active ingredient in SC formulation of fungicide plant protection.

Active substances used in SC formulation do not dissolve in water and disperse as suspended solids.
But Blue Vitriol is a water-soluble raw material.
Therefore, Blue Vitriol has a different process from other SC formulations.

Agriculture:
Blue Vitriol is used as a trace element source to meet the copper requirement of plants.
Blue Vitriol is used as an active ingredient in formulations against some fungicidal diseases in plants.

In addition, burgundy slurry is prepared by mixing with calcium oxide.
Blue Vitriol is necessary for the formation of chlorophyll in plants and is found in the structure of many enzymes.
In agriculture, Blue Vitriol can be applied directly to the soil as fertilizer.

Feed Additive:
Copper takes part in the synthesis and activation of some enzymes in animals.
For balanced and healthy nutrition of animals, Blue Vitriol is used as a source of copper in mineral element mixture formulations

Industrial Applications of Blue Vitriol:
In the Mining Sector.
Blue Vitriol is used as an activator for siphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and other sulfides in the flotation of some metal ores, in the re-activation of cyanide-pressed siphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and other sulfides, and as a suppressant in the flotation of some silicate minerals.
Blue Vitriol is used for feed additive and foot cleaning in livestock.

Blue Vitriol is used in swimming pools as an algae inhibitor.
A dilute solution of copper sulphate is used for the treatment of parasitic infections in aquarium fish as well as for killing snails in aquariums.

Blue Vitriol is used in the wood industry to protect wood, as a mordant in fabric dyeing, and as an antifenygicide and antidote to phosphorus in pharmaceutics.
Copper sulphate is used as a color additive in cement, metals and ceramics.

Uses of Blue Vitriol:
Blue Vitriol is used as a fungicide and algaecide.
Blue Vitriol is also used as a mordant in textile dyeing.
Blue Vitriol is used to kill roots invading septic tanks.

As a fungicide and herbicide:
Copper sulphate has been used for control of algae in lakes and related fresh waters subject to eutrophication.
Blue Vitriol "remains the most effective algicidal treatment".

Bordeaux mixture, a suspension of copper(II) sulphate (CuSO4) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), is used to control fungus on grapes, melons, and other berries.
Blue Vitriol is produced by mixing a water solution of copper sulphate and a suspension of slaked lime.

A dilute solution of copper sulphate is used to treat aquarium fishes for parasitic infections, and is also used to remove snails from aquariums and zebra mussels from water pipes.
Copper ions are highly toxic to fish.
Most species of algae can be controlled with very low concentrations of copper sulphate.

Analytical reagent:
Several chemical tests utilize copper sulphate.
Blue Vitriol is used in Fehling's solution and Benedict's solution to test for reducing sugars, which reduce the soluble blue copper(II) sulphate to insoluble red copper(I) oxide.
Copper(II) sulphate is also used in the Biuret reagent to test for proteins.

Copper sulphate is used to test blood for anemia.
The blood is dropped into a solution of copper sulphate of known specific gravity—blood with sufficient hemoglobin sinks rapidly due to Blue Vitriol density, whereas blood which sinks slowly or not at all has an insufficient amount of hemoglobin.
Clinically relevant, however, modern laboratories utilize automated blood analyzers for accurate quantitative hemoglobin determinations, as opposed to older qualitative means.

In a flame test, the copper ions of copper sulphate emit a deep green light, a much deeper green than the flame test for barium.

Organic synthesis:
Copper sulphate is employed at a limited level in organic synthesis.
The anhydrous salt is used as a dehydrating agent for forming and manipulating acetal groups.
The hydrated salt can be intimately mingled with potassium permanganate to give an oxidant for the conversion of primary alcohols.

Rayon production:
Reaction with ammonium hydroxide yields tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate or Schweizer's reagent which was used to dissolve cellulose in the industrial production of Rayon.

Niche uses:
Copper(II) sulphate has attracted many niche applications over the centuries. In industry copper sulphate has multiple applications.
In printing Blue Vitriol is an additive to book-binding pastes and glues to protect paper from insect bites; in building Blue Vitriol is used as an additive to concrete to improve water resistance and discourage anything from growing on it. Copper sulphate can be used as a coloring ingredient in artworks, especially glasses and potteries.
Copper sulphate is also used in firework manufacture as a blue coloring agent, but Blue Vitriol is not safe to mix copper sulphate with chlorates when mixing firework powders.

Lowering a copper etching plate into the copper sulphate solution:
Copper sulphate was once used to kill bromeliads, which serve as mosquito breeding sites.
Copper sulphate is used as a molluscicide to treat bilharzia in tropical countries.

Art:
In 2008, the artist Roger Hiorns filled an abandoned waterproofed council flat in London with 75,000 liters of copper(II) sulphate water solution.
The solution was left to crystallize for several weeks before the flat was drained, leaving crystal-covered walls, floors and ceilings.

The work is titled Seizure.
Since 2011, Blue Vitriol has been on exhibition at the Yorkshire Sculpture Park,

Etching:
Copper(II) sulphate is used to etch zinc, aluminium, or copper plates for intaglio printmaking.
Blue Vitriol is also used to etch designs into copper for jewelry, such as for Champlevé.

Dyeing:
Copper(II) sulphate can be used as a mordant in vegetable dyeing.
Blue Vitriol often highlights the green tints of the specific dyes.

Electronics:
An aqueous solution of copper(II) sulphate is often used as the resistive element in liquid resistors.
In electronic and microelectronic industry a bath of CuSO4·5H2O and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is often used for electrodeposition of copper.

Other forms of copper sulphate:
Anhydrous copper(II) sulphate can be produced by dehydration of the commonly available pentahydrate copper sulphate.
In nature, Blue Vitriol is found as the very rare mineral known as chalcocyanite.

The pentahydrate also occurs in nature as chalcanthite.
Other rare copper sulphate minerals include bonattite (trihydrate), boothite (heptahydrate), and the monohydrate compound poitevinite.
There are numerous other, more complex, copper(II) sulphate minerals known, with environmentally important basic copper(II) sulphates like langite and posnjakite.

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Farming (Pesticides)
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)
Glass Manufacturing

Activities with risk of exposure:
Glassblowing
Textile arts
Applying metallic patinas

Chemical Class and Type:
Copper sulphate is an algaecide, bactericide, and fungicide.
When Blue Vitriol is mixed with calcium hydroxide Blue Vitriol is known as Bordeaux mixture.

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name for this active ingredient is copper (2+) sulphate or copper (II) sulphate.
Other names include copper (2+) tretraoxidosulphate or copper (II) tretraoxidosulphate.

Formulations include basic copper sulphate, copper sulphate monohydrate, Blue Vitriol, and copper sulphate anhydrous.
Their Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers are 1344-73-6, 1332-14-5, 7758-99-8, and 7758- 98-7, respectively.

Pesticides containing copper sulphate monohydrate and/or copper sulphate anhydrous have been canceled by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).
Copper sulphate has been used in the United States since the 1700s, and Blue Vitriol was first registered for use in the United States in 1956.

The U.S. EPA completed the reregistration of copper sulphate in 2009.
Copper sulphate is an inorganic salt that is highly soluble in water.

The copper ion is the component of copper sulphate with toxicological implications.
Copper is an essential mineral, and the recommended dietary allowance of copper for human adults has been set at 900 µg/day.

Copper is also a ubiquitous element.
Blue Vitriol can be found in the environment and in foods and water.

Preparation and Occurrence of Blue Vitriol:
Copper sulphate is produced industrially by treating copper metal with hot concentrated sulfuric acid or copper oxides with dilute sulfuric acid.
For laboratory use, copper sulphate is usually purchased.
Copper sulphate can also be produced by slowly leaching low-grade copper ore in air; bacteria may be used to hasten the process.

Commercial copper sulphate is usually about 98% pure copper sulphate, and may contain traces of water.
Anhydrous copper sulphate is 39.81% copper and 60.19% sulphate by mass, and in Blue Vitriol blue, hydrous form, Blue Vitriol is 25.47% copper, 38.47% sulphate (12.82% sulfur) and 36.06% water by mass.

Four types of crystal size are provided based on Blue Vitriol usage:
Large crystals (10–40 mm), small crystals (2–10 mm), snow crystals (less than 2 mm), and windswept powder (less than 0.15 mm).

Manufacturing Methods of Blue Vitriol:
Action of dilute sulfuric acid on copper or copper oxide (often as oxide ores) in large quantities, with evaporation and crystallization.

Copper + sulphuric acid (salt formation); byproduct of copper electrolysis and etching process (product is generally only suitable for agricultural purposes)

Prepared most easily by the reaction of basic copper(II) compound with a sulfuric acid solution (100-200 g/l sulfuric acid); and copper metal, sulfuric acid and air the most common starting materials for the production of Blue Vitriol.

Copper(II) sulphate can be prepared by dissolution of oxides, carbonates, or hydroxides in sulfuric acid solutions.
Whereas copper metal does not displace hydrogen from acid solution, aeration or oxygenation of hot dilute aqueous sulfuric acid in the presence of copper metal is a commonly used commercial method for copper sulphate preparation.

Chemical Properties of Blue Vitriol:
Blue Vitriol decomposes before melting.
Blue Vitriol loses two water molecules upon heating at 63 °C (145 °F), followed by two more at 109 °C (228 °F) and the final water molecule at 200 °C (392 °F).

The chemistry of aqueous copper sulphate is simply that of copper aquo complex, since the sulphate is not bound to copper in such solutions.

Thus, such solutions react with concentrated hydrochloric acid to give tetrachlorocuprate(II):
Cu2+ + 4 Cl− → [CuCl4]2−

Similarly treatment of such solutions with zinc gives metallic copper, as described by this simplified equation:
CuSO4 + Zn → Cu + ZnSO4

A further illustration of such single metal replacement reactions occurs when a piece of iron is submerged in a solution of copper sulphate:
Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu

In high school and general chemistry education, copper sulphate is used as an electrolyte for galvanic cells, usually as a cathode solution.
For example, in a zinc/copper cell, copper ion in copper sulphate solution absorbs electron from zinc and forms metallic copper.

Cu2+ + 2e− → Cu (cathode), E°cell = 0.34 V

Copper sulphate is commonly included in teenager chemistry sets and undergraduate experiments.
Blue Vitriol is often used to grow crystals in schools and in copper plating experiments, despite Blue Vitriol toxicity.

Copper sulphate is often used to demonstrate an exothermic reaction, in which steel wool or magnesium ribbon is placed in an aqueous solution of CuSO4.
Blue Vitriol is used to demonstrate the principle of mineral hydration.

The pentahydrate form, which is blue, is heated, turning the copper sulphate into the anhydrous form which is white, while the water that was present in the pentahydrate form evaporates.
When water is then added to the anhydrous compound, Blue Vitriol turns back into the pentahydrate form, regaining Blue Vitriol blue color.
Copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate can easily be produced by crystallization from solution as copper(II) sulphate, which is hygroscopic.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Blue Vitriol:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Antidotes:
Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS.

Emetics:
Agents that cause vomiting.
They may act directly on the gastrointestinal tract, bringing about emesis through local irritant effects, or indirectly, through their effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the postremal area near the medulla.

Handling and Storage of Blue Vitriol:

Nonfire Spill Response:

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container.
Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material.

Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.
Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution.
Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store Blue Vitriol under ambient conditions and protect Blue Vitriol from moisture.

Reactivity Profile of Blue Vitriol:
Blue Vitriol can be dehydrated by heating.
Serves as a weak oxidizing agent.

Causes hydroxylamine to ignite.
Gains water readily.

The hydrated salt is vigorously reduced by hydroxylamine.
Both forms are incompatible with finely powdered metals.

Both are incompatible with magnesium, corrode steel and iron, may react with alkalis, phosphates, acetylene gas, hydrazine, or nitromethane, and may react with beta-naphthol, propylene glycol, sulphathiazole and triethanolamine if the pH exceeds 7.
Both act as acidic salts, corrode metals and irritate tissues.

First Aid Measures of Blue Vitriol:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic).
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them.

Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting.
Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care.

If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Blue Vitriol:
Fires involving Blue Vitriol can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.
In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fire Fighting Procedures:

If material involved in fire:
Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty).

Accidental Release Measures of Blue Vitriol:

Isolation and Evacuation:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal:

Personal protection:
Particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of Blue Vitriol.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Cleanup Methods:

Environmental concerns - land spill:
Dig a pit, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material.
If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner.
Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Environmental concerns - water spill:
Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).
Adjust pH to neutral (pH= 7).
Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Add slowly to a large container of water.
Stir in slight excess of soda ash.
Let stand for 24 hr.

Decant or siphon into another container & neutralize with 6 molar hydrochloric acid before washing down drain with large excess of water.
The sludge may be added to landfill.

Preventive Measures of Blue Vitriol:

Personnel protection:
Keep upwind.
Avoid breathing vapors or dusts.
Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

If material not involved in fire:
Keep material out of water sources & sewers.
Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.

The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting.
The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon Blue Vitriol, but also on factors including the form of Blue Vitriol, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.
However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.

In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area.
Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to Blue Vitriol point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

Identfiers of Blue Vitriol:
CAS Number:
7758-98-7 (anhydrous)
7758-99-8 (pentahydrate)
16448-28-5 (trihydrate)
19086-18-1 (heptahydrate)
ChEBI: CHEBI:23414
ChEMBL: ChEMBL604
ChemSpider: 22870
ECHA InfoCard: 100.028.952
EC Number: 231-847-6
Gmelin Reference: 8294
KEGG: C18713
PubChem CID: 24462
RTECS number:
GL8800000 (anhydrous)
GL8900000 (pentahydrate)
UNII: KUW2Q3U1VV (anhydrous)
LRX7AJ16DT (pentahydrate)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID6034479
InChI: InChI=1S/Cu.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
Key: ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChI=1/Cu.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2
Key: ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-NUQVWONBAI
SMILES: [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Cu+2]

Linear Formula: CuSO4 • 5H2O
MDL Number: MFCD00149681
EC No.: 231-847-6
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 24463
IUPAC Name: copper; sulphate; pentahydrate
SMILES: O.O.O.O.O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Cu+2]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/Cu.H2O4S.5H2O/c;1-5(2,3)4;;;;;/h;(H2,1,2,3,4);5*1H2/q+2;;;;;;/p-2
InchI Key: JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L

CAS number: 7758-99-8
EC index number: 029-004-00-0
EC number: 231-847-6
Grade: ACS,ISO,Reag. Ph Eur
Hill Formula: CuO₄S * 5 H₂O
Chemical formula: CuSO₄ * 5 H₂O
Molar Mass: 249.68 g/mol
HS Code: 2833 25 00
Quality Level: MQ300

Linear Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
CAS Number: 7758-99-8
Molecular Weight: 249.69
EC Number: 231-847-6

Properties of Blue Vitriol:
Chemical formula: CuSO4 (anhydrous)
CuSO4·5H2O (pentahydrate)
Molar mass: 159.60 g/mol (anhydrous)
249.685 g/mol (pentahydrate)
Appearance: gray-white (anhydrous)
blue (pentahydrate)
Density: 3.60 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
2.286 g/cm3 (pentahydrate)
Melting point: 110 °C (230 °F; 383 K) decomposes
560 °C decomposes(pentahydrate)
Fully decomposes at 590 °C (anhydrous)

Boiling point: decomposes to cupric oxide at 650 °C
Solubility in water:
pentahydrate:
316 g/L (0 °C)
2033 g/L (100 °C)
anhydrous:
168 g/L (10 °C)
201 g/L (20 °C)
404 g/L (60 °C)
770 g/L (100 °C)

Magnetic susceptibility (χ): 1330·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.724–1.739 (anhydrous)
1.514–1.544 (pentahydrate)
Density: 2.284 g/cm3
Melting Point: 110 °C Not applicable
pH value: 3.5 - 4.5 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Solubility: 317 g/l

Compound Formula: CuH10O9S
Molecular Weight: 249.685
Appearance: Blue crystals, lumps, or powder
Melting Point: 110 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 2.286 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 248.93415
Monoisotopic Mass: 248.93415

Molecular Weight: 249.69 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 9
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 248.934150 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 248.934150 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 93.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Complexity: 62.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 7
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Blue Vitriol:
Assay (iodometric): 99.0 - 100.5 %
Insoluble matter: ≤ 0.005 %
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.0005 %
Total nitrogen (N): ≤ 0.001 %
Ca (Calcium): ≤ 0.005 %
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.003 %
K (Potassium): ≤ 0.001 %
Na (Sodium): ≤ 0.005 %
Ni (Nickel): ≤ 0.005 %
Pb (Lead): ≤ 0.005 %
Zn (Zinc): ≤ 0.03 %

Structure of Blue Vitriol:
Crystal structure: Orthorhombic (anhydrous, chalcocyanite), space group Pnma, oP24, a = 0.839 nm, b = 0.669 nm, c = 0.483 nm.
Triclinic (pentahydrate), space group P1, aP22, a = 0.5986 nm, b = 0.6141 nm, c = 1.0736 nm, α = 77.333°, β = 82.267°, γ = 72.567°

Thermochemistry of Blue Vitriol:
Std molarentropy (S⦵298): 5 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy offormation (ΔfH⦵298): −769.98 kJ/mol

Related compounds of Blue Vitriol:

Other cations:
Iron(II) sulfate
Manganese(II) sulfate
Nickel(II) sulfate
Zinc sulfate

Names of Blue Vitriol:

Regulatory process names:
Copper sulfate pentahydrate
Copper sulphate pentahydrate
copper sulphate pentahydrate
Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1), hydrate (1:5)

Translated names:
Bakar sulfat pentahidrat (hr)
bakrov sulfat pentahidrat (hr)
Bakrov sulfat pentahidrat (sl)
bakrov sulfat pentahidrat (sl)
Copper sulphate pentahydrate (no)
Kobbersulfatpentahydrat (da)
kobbersulfatpentahydrat (da)
Kopersulfaat-pentahydraat (nl)
kopersulfaat-pentahydraat (nl)
Kopparsulfat pentahydrat (sv)
kopparsulfatpentahydrat (sv)
Kuparisulfaattipentahydraatti (fi)
kuparisulfaattipentahydraatti (fi)
Kupfersulfat-Pentahydrat (de)
Pentahydrat siarczanu miedzi (pl)
pentahydrat siarczanu miedzi (pl)
Pentahydrát síranu meďnatého (sk)
pentahydrát síranu meďnatého (sk)
Réz-szulfát-pentahidrát (hu)
réz-szulfát-pentahidrát (hu)
Solfato di rame pentaidrato (it)
solfato di rame pentaidrato (it)
sulfat de cupru pentahidrat (ro)
Sulfat de cupru pentahidratat (ro)
Sulfat tar-ram pentaidrat (mt)
sulfat tar-ram pentaidrat (mt)
Sulfate de cuivre pentahydraté (fr)
sulfate de cuivre pentahydraté (fr)
Sulfato de cobre penta-hidratado (pt)
Sulfato de cobre pentahidratado (es)
sulfato de cobre, penta-hidratado (pt)
Síran měďnatý, pentahydrát (cs)
síran měďnatý, pentahydrát (cs)
Vara sulfāta pentahidrāts (lv)
vara sulfāta pentahidrāts (lv)
Vario sulfato pentahidratas (lt)
vario sulfato pentahidratas (lt)
Vasksulfaat-pentahüdraat (et)
Vasksulfaatpentahüdraat (et)
Θειικός χαλκός, πενταένυδρος (el)
πενταένυδρος θειικός χαλκός (el)
Меден сулфат пентахидрат (bg)
меден сулфат пентахидрат (bg)

IUPAC names:
copper (2+) sulphate
Copper (II) sufate pentahydrate
Copper (II) Sulfate Pentahydrate
Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate
COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE
Copper sulfate pentahydrate
copper sulfate pentahydrate
Copper Sulfate, Pentahydrate, Granular, FCC
Copper sulphate
COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE
Copper sulphate pentahydrate
copper sulphate pentahydrate
Copper sulphate, pentahydrate
Copper(2+) sulfate
Copper(II) sulfate
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
Copper(II) sulfate, pentahydrate (1:1:5)
copper;sulfate;pentahydrate
Cu(2)-sulfate 5H2O
CUPRIC SULFATE
Cupric sulfate pentahydrate
Ferrous(II)sulfate pentahydrate
Kupfer(II)-sulfat pentahydrat
Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1), hydrate (1:5)
SULFURIC ACID COPPER(2+) SALT (1:1), PENTAHYDRATE
Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1), pentahydrate
Copper(II) sulfate

Other names:
Copper sulfate pentahydrate
copper sulphate 5H2O
copper sulphate pentahydrate
Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt (1:1), pentahydrate
Cupric sulphate
Blue vitriol (pentahydrate)
Bluestone (pentahydrate)
Bonattite (trihydrate mineral)
Boothite (heptahydrate mineral)
Chalcanthite (pentahydrate mineral)
Chalcocyanite (mineral)
Copper Sulphate pentahydrate

Other identifiers:
029-023-00-4
17829-58-2
7758-99-8

Synonyms of Copper sulphate pentahydrate:
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
7758-99-8
Copper sulfate pentahydrate
Cupric sulfate pentahydrate
Blue vitriol
Calcanthite
Copper(2+) sulfate pentahydrate
Copper (II) Sulfate pentahydrate
Bluestone
Triangle
Vencedor
Copper(II) sulfate, pentahydrate
Blue Copperas
Blue Vicking
Salzburg vitriol
Blue copper AS
copper;sulfate;pentahydrate
Caswell No. 256
Kupfervitriol
Kupfervitriol [German]
Cupric Sulfate [USP]
Copper(2+) sulfate (1:1) pentahydrate
CuSO4.5H2O
copper sulphate pentahydrate
Copper sulfate, pentahydrate
CuSO4(H2O)5
CCRIS 5556
HSDB 2968
Kupfersulfat-pentahydrat
Kupfersulfat-pentahydrat [German]
Copper sulfate (CuSO4) pentahydrate
copper sulphate(5.H2O)
UNII-LRX7AJ16DT
MFCD00149681
LRX7AJ16DT
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 024401
Sentry AQ mardel coppersafe
Cupric sulfate (pentahydrate)
copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate
Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt, pentahydrate
copper (2+) sulfate pentahydrate
copper(2+) sulfate--water (1/5)
Sulfuric acid copper(2+) salt (1:1), pentahydrate
Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt (1:1), pentahydrate
Cupric sulfate (USP)
COPPERFINE-ZINC
Cupric sulfate (TN)
NATURAL CHALCANTHITE
Cupric sulphate pentahydrate
copper sulfate-penta hydrate
Copper(II)sulfatepentahydrate
copper(II)sulfate pentahydrate
COPPER SULFATE [VANDF]
copper(II)sulphate pentahydrate
copper(II)sulphate-pentahydrate
CUPRIC SULFATE [VANDF]
copper(11) sulfate pentahydrate
DTXSID9031066
Cu.H2-O4-S.5H2-O
CUPRUM SULPHURICUM [HPUS]
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate
copper(2+) sulfate, pentahydrate
JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Copper (II) sulfate, pentahydrate
CUPRIC SULFATE [ORANGE BOOK]
AKOS025243248
LS-1724
CUPRIC SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE [MI]
COPPER(2+) SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE
COPPER (AS CUPRIC SULFATE) [VANDF]
COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE [WHO-DD]
FT-0624051
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, ACS reagent
D03613
COPPER(2+) SULPHATE (1:1) PENTAHYDRATE
COPPER SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Q6135414
Sulfuric acid copper(2) salt (1:1), pentahydrate
SULFURIC ACID, COPPER (2+) SALT, PENTAHYDRATE
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (99.999%-Cu) PURATREM
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, Trace metals grade, 99.995%
SULFURIC ACID, COPPER (2+) SALT (1:1), PENTAHYDRATE
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate [Wiki]
231-847-6 [EINECS]
7758-99-8 [RN]
Copper sulfate pentahydrate
copper sulphate pentahydrate
copper(2+) sulfate (1:1) pentahydrate
Copper(2+) sulfate hydrate (1:1:5) [ACD/IUPAC Name]
copper(II) sulfate, pentahydrate
copper(ii) sulphate pentahydrate
Kupfer(2+)sulfathydrat (1:1:5) [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Sulfate de cuivre(2+), hydrate (1:1:5) [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt (1:1), pentahydrate
bakır sülfat pentahidrat [Turkish]
Blue copper AS
Blue Copperas
Blue Vicking
Blue Vitriol
Calcanthite
Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate
Copper sulfate, pentahydrate
copper sulphate(5.H2O)
COPPER(2+) ION PENTAHYDRATE SULFATE
copper(2+) sulfate pentahydrate
COPPER(2+) SULFATE, PENTAHYDRATE
coppersulfatepentahydrate
Cupric sulfate [USP]
cupric sulfate pentahydrate
CUPRIC SULFATE, PENTAHYDRATE
CuSO4.5H2O
Kupfersulfat-pentahydrat [German]
Kupfervitriol [German]
MFCD00149681 [MDL number]
Roman vitriol
Salzburg vitriol
Sulfuric acid, copper(2+) salt, pentahydrate
Sulfuric acid, copper(II) salt (1:1) pentahydrate
Vencedor
BLUEBERRY EXTRACT

Blueberry Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the fruit of the Vaccinium corymbosum plant, known for its rich antioxidant content, including vitamins C and E, and anthocyanins.
Blueberry Extract is recognized for its ability to protect the skin from oxidative stress, promote an even skin tone, and provide anti-aging benefits, making it a valuable addition to skincare and personal care formulations.
This versatile extract offers both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits, helping to maintain healthy, youthful, and radiant skin.

CAS Number: 84082-34-8
EC Number: 281-678-7

Synonyms: Blueberry Extract, Vaccinium Corymbosum Extract, Blueberry Fruit Extract, Highbush Blueberry Extract, Blueberry Skin Extract, Blueberry Juice Extract, Blueberry Antioxidant Extract, Blueberry Active, Vaccinium Fruit Extract, Blueberry Phytoextract, Blueberry Phytocomplex, Blueberry Bioactive Extract, Blueberry Herbal Extract, Blueberry Polyphenol Extract, Vaccinium Corymbosum Phytocomplex



APPLICATIONS


Blueberry Extract is extensively used in the formulation of anti-aging creams, providing potent antioxidants that help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Blueberry Extract is favored in the creation of brightening serums, where it helps to even skin tone and improve radiance.
Blueberry Extract is utilized in the development of moisturizers, offering antioxidant protection and hydration for dry and mature skin.

Blueberry Extract is widely used in the production of sunscreens, providing additional protection against UV-induced oxidative stress and free radicals.
Blueberry Extract is employed in the formulation of eye creams, providing targeted care that reduces puffiness and dark circles.
Blueberry Extract is essential in the creation of facial oils, offering nourishing and protective benefits that enhance skin health and vitality.

Blueberry Extract is utilized in the production of after-sun products, providing soothing and protective benefits to sun-exposed skin.
Blueberry Extract is a key ingredient in the formulation of protective serums, offering antioxidant protection that helps to neutralize free radicals and prevent premature aging.
Blueberry Extract is used in the creation of facial mists, providing a refreshing and antioxidant boost to the skin throughout the day.

Blueberry Extract is applied in the formulation of face masks, providing intensive care that revitalizes and refreshes the skin.
Blueberry Extract is employed in the production of body lotions, providing all-over antioxidant protection and promoting skin firmness.
Blueberry Extract is used in the development of calming creams, providing deep relief and antioxidant care for reactive skin.

Blueberry Extract is widely utilized in the formulation of scalp treatments, providing antioxidant support that promotes a healthy scalp and stronger hair.
Blueberry Extract is a key component in the creation of prebiotic skincare products, supporting the skin’s microbiome while providing antioxidant and protective benefits.
Blueberry Extract is used in the production of lip care products, providing hydration and antioxidant protection for soft, smooth lips.

Blueberry Extract is employed in the formulation of hand creams, offering antioxidant care that helps to maintain skin softness and reduce signs of aging.
Blueberry Extract is applied in the creation of daily wear creams, offering balanced hydration, protection, and anti-aging benefits for everyday use.
Blueberry Extract is utilized in the development of skin repair treatments, providing intensive care that helps to restore and protect damaged or aging skin.

Blueberry Extract is found in the formulation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports skin health and improves skin resilience.
Blueberry Extract is used in the production of soothing gels, providing instant relief from irritation while delivering antioxidant protection.
Blueberry Extract is a key ingredient in the creation of multipurpose balms, providing versatile care for sensitive areas such as lips, hands, and face.

Blueberry Extract is widely used in the formulation of anti-inflammatory skincare products, offering soothing and protective benefits for sensitive skin.
Blueberry Extract is employed in the development of nourishing body butters, offering rich hydration and antioxidant protection for dry, rough skin.
Blueberry Extract is applied in the production of anti-aging serums, offering deep hydration and antioxidant care that helps to maintain youthful-looking skin.

Blueberry Extract is utilized in the creation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports skin health and reduces oxidative stress.
Blueberry Extract is found in the formulation of sensitive skin repair treatments, providing targeted care for areas prone to irritation and discomfort.
Blueberry Extract is used in the production of sun care products, providing antioxidant protection and hydration that preserves skin health.



DESCRIPTION


Blueberry Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the fruit of the Vaccinium corymbosum plant, known for its rich antioxidant content, including vitamins C and E, and anthocyanins.
Blueberry Extract is recognized for its ability to protect the skin from oxidative stress, promote an even skin tone, and provide anti-aging benefits, making it a valuable addition to skincare and personal care formulations.

Blueberry Extract offers additional benefits such as improving skin texture and promoting a healthy, radiant complexion, ensuring long-lasting protection against environmental damage.
Blueberry Extract is often incorporated into formulations designed to provide comprehensive care for mature and environmentally stressed skin, offering both immediate and long-term benefits.
Blueberry Extract is recognized for its ability to enhance the overall health and appearance of the skin, leaving it smooth, firm, and glowing.

Blueberry Extract is commonly used in both traditional and innovative skincare formulations, providing a reliable solution for maintaining youthful, protected skin.
Blueberry Extract is valued for its ability to support the skin's natural defenses, making it a key ingredient in products that aim to protect and revitalize the skin.
Blueberry Extract is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of products, including creams, lotions, serums, and oils.

Blueberry Extract is an ideal choice for products targeting aging, dull, and environmentally stressed skin, as it provides gentle yet effective antioxidant protection and skin rejuvenation.
Blueberry Extract is known for its compatibility with other skincare actives, allowing it to be easily integrated into multi-functional formulations.
Blueberry Extract is often chosen for formulations that require a balance between nourishment, protection, and antioxidant care, ensuring comprehensive skin benefits.

Blueberry Extract enhances the overall effectiveness of personal care products by providing rich antioxidants, protective care, and skin rejuvenation in one ingredient.
Blueberry Extract is a reliable ingredient for creating products that offer a pleasant user experience, with noticeable improvements in skin texture, tone, and radiance.
Blueberry Extract is an essential component in innovative skincare products that stand out in the market for their performance, safety, and ability to protect and rejuvenate the skin.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: N/A (Natural extract)
Common Name: Blueberry Extract (Vaccinium Corymbosum Extract)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Dark blue to purple liquid or powder
Density: Approx. 1.00-1.05 g/cm³ (for liquid extract)
Melting Point: N/A (liquid or powder form)
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohols; insoluble in oils
Flash Point: >100°C (for liquid extract)
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low (for liquid extract)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Blueberry Extract is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Blueberry Extract is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Blueberry Extract to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Blueberry Extract.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store Blueberry Extract in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid inhalation of vapors and direct contact with skin and eyes.
Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Blueberry Extract at temperatures between 15-25°C as recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Blueberry Extract away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizers.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Blueberry Extract to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of cosmetic ingredients.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.

BORAGE OIL (HODAN OIL)
Borates, Tetrasodium Salts, Decahydrate;Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate, Sodium Pyroborate Decahydrate; Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate; Disodium Tetraborate Decahydrate; Sodium Borate Decahydrate; Fused Borax; Dinatriumtetraborat; Tetraborato de disodio; Tétraborate de disodium CAS NO:1303-96-4
Borax
borax; Borax; Borates, Tetrasodium Salts, Decahydrate; Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate, Sodium Pyroborate Decahydrate; Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate; Disodium Tetraborate Decahydrate; Sodium Borate Decahydrate; Fused Borax; Dinatriumtetraborat; Tetraborato de disodio ; Tétraborate de disodium cas no: 1330-43-4
BORAX
Borax is a powdery white substance, also known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate.
Borax’s widely used as a household cleaner and a booster for laundry detergent.
Borax’s a combination of boron, sodium, and oxygen.

CAS Number: 1303-96-4
EC Number: 603-411-9
Molecular Weight: 201.22
Molar Mass: 201.22 g/mol

Borax (also referred to as sodium borate, tincal /ˈtɪŋkəl/ and tincar /ˈtɪŋkər/) is a salt (ionic compound), a hydrated or anhydrous borate of sodium, with the chemical formula Na2H20B4O17.
Borax is a colorless crystalline solid, that dissolves in water to make a basic solution.

Borax is commonly available in powder or granular form and has many industrial and household uses, including as a pesticide, as a metal soldering flux, as a component of glass, enamel, and pottery glazes, for tanning of skins and hides, for artificial aging of wood, as a preservative against wood fungus, and as a pharmaceutic alkalizer.
In chemical laboratories, Borax is used as a buffering agent.

The terms tincal and tincar refer to native Borax, historically mined from dry lake beds in various parts of Asia.

Borax is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Borax is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Borax is a powdery white substance, also known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate.
Borax’s widely used as a household cleaner and a booster for laundry detergent.
Borax’s a combination of boron, sodium, and oxygen.

Borax is often found in dry lake beds in places like California’s Death Valley, where the water evaporated and left behind deposits of minerals.

Boric acid is made from the same chemical compound as Borax and even looks like Borax.
But while Borax is commonly used in cleaning, boric acid is mainly used as a pesticide.
Boric acid kills insects by targeting their stomachs and nervous systems.

Both Borax and boric acid in loose powder form can be harmful if swallowed, particularly for children.
They can also irritate your skin.

Applications of Borax:
Borax (Na2B4O7) can be used as a co-catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds in greener non-chlorinated solvents in the presence of TEMPO/NaOCl.
Borax is also used as a structure-directing agent as well as a catalyst in the preparation of carbon aerogels using glucose as the carbon precursor.

Borax, 10-hydrate, Na2B4O7*10H2O (sodium tetraborate decahydrate, decahydrate, borax) is a source of boric oxide and widely used in various sectors of national economy.

Borax is used for production of specialized glass, fiber glass and glass fiber cloth.
Borax contributes to blend malting, diminishes melt viscosity, prevents from devitrification, which leads to increased end product durability, mechanic, chemical and thermal exposure resistance.
Borax application contributes to fiber glass hardening, chemical stability, improved thermal and sound-proof properties.

When producing enamels and glazes, Borax is used as a source of boric oxide.
In glazes and enamels, Borax is an inorganic binder.

Metallurgy - Borax is used as a source of boric oxide – antioxidant.

Gold mining - During processing gold ore, anhydrous Borax is primarily used.
Effect of anhydrous Borax: increased gold yield, improved quality of ingots.

Borax is actively used when producing cooling liquid, lubricants and brake fluids, as Borax forms a complex compound on metal surfaces acting as a protection barrier from corrosion.

Borax is used in construction as a metal construction corrosion inhibitor.
When producing green fiber, adhesives, chipboards, as antipyren antiseptic.

Borax is a stock component in production of sodium perborate, a basic oxygen containing beaching agent in powdered synthetic detergents, polishes, ointments.

Uses of Borax:
Borax is used as tablets or powder to kill larvae in livestock confinements and crawling insects in residences.
Borax is used as a fluxing agent, a buffering agent, a biocide (preservative, antiseptic, insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, algicide, nematicide), a fireproofing agent, a corrosion inhibitor, a tanning agent, and a textile bleaching agent.

Borax is used to manufacture glazes, enamels, borosilicate glass, fertilizers, detergents, antifreeze, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
Borax is used in manufacture of glass, enamels, & other ceramic products.

Borax is used in pest control solutions because Borax is toxic to ants.
Because Borax is slow-acting, worker ants will carry the Borax to their nests and poison the rest of the colony.

Borate ions (commonly supplied as boric acid) are used in biochemical and chemical laboratories to make buffers, e.g. for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of DNA and RNA, such as TBE buffer (borate buffered tris-hydroxymethylaminomethonium) or the newer SB buffer or BBS buffer (borate buffered saline) in coating procedures.
Borate buffers (usually at pH 8) are also used as preferential equilibration solutions in dimethyl pimelimidate (DMP) based crosslinking reactions.

Borax as a source of borate has been used to take advantage of the co-complexing ability of borate with other agents in water to form complex ions with various substances.
Borate and a suitable polymer bed are used to chromatograph non-glycated hemoglobin differentially from glycated hemoglobin (chiefly HbA1c), which is an indicator of long-term hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.

Borax alone does not have a high affinity for hardness cations, although Borax has been used for water-softening.

Borax's chemical equation for water-softening is given below:
Ca+2(aq) + Na2B4O7(aq) → CaB4O7(s)↓ + 2 Na+(aq)
Mg+2(aq) + Na2B4O7(aq) → MgB4O7(s)↓ + 2 Na+(aq)

The sodium ions introduced do not make water "hard".
This method is suitable for removing both temporary and permanent types of hardness.

A mixture of Borax and ammonium chloride is used as a flux when welding iron and steel.
Borax lowers the melting point of the unwanted iron oxide (scale), allowing Borax to run off.

Borax is also used mixed with water as a flux when soldering jewelry metals such as gold or silver, where Borax allows the molten solder to wet the metal and flow evenly into the joint.
Borax is also a good flux for "pre-tinning" tungsten with zinc, making the tungsten soft-solderable.
Borax is often used as a flux for forge welding.

In artisanal gold mining, Borax is sometimes used as part of a process known as the Borax method (as a flux) meant to eliminate the need for toxic mercury in the gold extraction process, although Borax cannot directly replace mercury.
Borax was reportedly used by gold miners in parts of the Philippines in the 1900s.
There is evidence that, in addition to reducing the environmental impact, this method achieves better gold recovery for suitable ores and is less expensive.

This Borax method is used in northern Luzon in the Philippines, but miners have been reluctant to adopt Borax elsewhere for reasons that are not well understood.
The method has also been promoted in Bolivia and Tanzania.

A rubbery polymer sometimes called Slime, Flubber, 'gluep' or 'glurch' (or erroneously called Silly Putty, which is based on silicone polymers), can be made by cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol with Borax.
Making flubber from polyvinyl acetate-based glues, such as Elmer's Glue, and Borax is a common elementary science demonstration.

Borax, given the E number E285, is used as a food additive but this use is banned in some countries, such as Australia, China, Thailand and the United States.
As a consequence, certain foods, such as caviar, produced for sale in the United States contain higher levels of salt to assist preservation.

In addition to Borax's use as a preservative, Borax imparts a firm, rubbery texture to food.
In China, Borax (Chinese: 硼砂; pinyin: péng shā or Chinese: 月石; pinyin: yuè shí) has been found in foods including wheat and rice noodles named lamian (Chinese: 拉面; pinyin: lāmiàn), shahe fen (Chinese: 沙河粉; pinyin: shāhéfěn), char kway teow (Chinese: 粿條; pinyin: guǒ tiáo), and chee cheong fun (Chinese: 肠粉; pinyin: chángfěn).

In Indonesia, Borax is a common, but forbidden, additive to such foods as noodles, bakso (meatballs), and steamed rice.
When consumed with boric acid, numerous studies have demonstrated a negative association between Borax and various types of cancers.

Boric acid and Borax are low in toxicity for acute oral exposures, at approximately the same acute toxicity as salt.
The average dose for asymptomatic ingestion cases, which accounts for 88% of all ingestions, is around 0.9 grams.
However, the range of reported asymptomatic doses is wide, from 0.01 to 88.8 g.

Biocidal Uses:
Borax was previously approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, and this approval has now expired, for: wood preservation.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Borax is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, inks and toners, fertilisers, photo-chemicals, washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products and laboratory chemicals.
Borax is used in the following areas: building & construction work, agriculture, forestry and fishing, printing and recorded media reproduction and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.

Borax is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles and chemicals.
Other release to the environment of Borax is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Uses at industrial sites:
Borax is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, welding & soldering products, laboratory chemicals and water treatment chemicals.
Borax has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Borax is used in the following areas: building & construction work and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Borax is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), machinery and vehicles, metals and fabricated metal products.
Release to the environment of Borax can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, formulation of mixtures and manufacturing of Borax.

Industry Uses:
Adsorbents and absorbents
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Filler
Finishing agents
Fuels and fuel additives
Intermediates
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Lubricating agent
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oxidizing/reducing agents
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Viscosity adjustors

Consumer Uses:
Borax is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, washing & cleaning products, anti-freeze products, heat transfer fluids and adhesives and sealants.
Borax has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Other release to the environment of Borax is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Other Consumer Uses:
Adhesion/cohesion promoter
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Adsorbents and absorbents
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Filler
Fixing agent (mordant)
Intermediates
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Oxidizing/reducing agents
Processing aids not otherwise specified

Other uses include:
Borax is used as ingredient in enamel glazes
Borax is used in component of glass, pottery, and ceramics

Borax is used as an additive in ceramic slips and glazes to improve fit on wet, greenware, and bisque
Borax is used in fire retardant

Borax is used in anti-fungal compound for cellulose insulation
Borax is used in othproofing 10% solution for wool

Pulverized for the prevention of stubborn pests (e.g. German cockroaches) in closets, pipe and cable inlets, wall panelling gaps, and inaccessible locations where ordinary pesticides are undesirable
Borax is used in precursor for sodium perborate monohydrate that is used in detergents, as well as for boric acid and other borates

Borax is used in tackifier ingredient in casein, starch and dextrin-based adhesives
Borax is used in precursor for boric acid, a tackifier ingredient in polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesives

Borax is used in make indelible ink for dip pens by dissolving shellac into heated Borax
Borax is used in curing agent for snake skins

Curing agent for salmon eggs, for use in sport fishing for salmon
Borax is swimming pool buffering agent to control pH

Neutron absorber, are used in nuclear reactors and spent fuel pools to control reactivity and to shut down a nuclear chain reaction
Borax is used as a micronutrient fertilizer to correct boron-deficient soils

Borax is preservative in taxidermy
Borax is used in color fires with a green tint

Borax is used in traditionally used to coat dry-cured meats such as hams to improve the appearance and discourage flies
Borax is used by blacksmiths in forge welding

Borax is used as a flux for melting metals and alloys in casting to draw out impurities and prevent oxidation
Borax is used as a woodworm treatment (diluted in water)

Borax is used in particle physics as an additive to nuclear emulsion, to extend the latent image lifetime of charged particle tracks.
The first observation of the pion, which was awarded the 1950 Nobel Prize, used this type of emulsion.

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Acid and Alkali Cleaning of Metals
Using Disinfectants or Biocides
Farming (Pesticides)
Glass Manufacturing

Chemistry of Borax:
From the chemical perspective, Borax contains the [B4O5(OH)4]2− ion.
In this structure, there are two four-coordinate boron centers and two three-coordinate boron centers.

Borax is a proton conductor at temperatures above 21 °C.
Conductivity is maximum along the b-axis.

Borax is also easily converted to boric acid and other borates, which have many applications.

Borax's reaction with hydrochloric acid to form boric acid is:
Na2B4O7·10H2O + 2 HCl → 4 H3BO3 + 2 NaCl + 5 H2O
rem :Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O + 2 HCl → 4 B(OH)3 + 2 NaCl + 5H2O

Borax is sufficiently stable to find use as a primary standard for acid-base titrimetry.

Molten Borax dissolves many metal oxides to form glasses.
This property is important for Borax's uses in metallurgy and for the Borax bead test of qualitative chemical analysis.

Borax is soluble in a variety of solvents; however, Borax is notably insoluble in ethanol.

The term Borax properly refers to the so-called "decahydrate" Na2B4O7·10H2O, but that name is not consistent with Borax's structure.
Borax is actually octahydrate.

The anion is not tetraborate [B4O7]2− but tetrahydroxy tetraborate [B4O5(OH)4]2−, so the more correct formula should be Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O.
However, the term may be applied also to the related compounds.

Borax "pentahydrate" has the formula Na2B4O7·5H2O, which is actually a trihydrate Na2B4O5(OH)4·3H2O.
Borax is a colorless solid with a density is 1.880 kg/m3 that crystallizes from water solutions above 60.8 °C in the rhombohedral crystal system.

Borax occurs naturally as the mineral tinkhanite.
Borax can be obtained by heating the decahydrate above 61 °C.

Borax "dihydrate" has the formula Na2B4O7·2H2O, which is actually anhydrous, with the correct formula Na2B4O5(OH)4.
Borax can be obtained by heating the "decahydrate" or "pentahydrate" to above 116-120 °C.

Anhydrous Borax is Borax proper, with formula Na2B4O7.
Borax can be obtained by heating any hydrate to 300 °C.

Borax has one amorphous (glassy) form and three crystalline forms -- α, β, and γ, with melting points of 1015, 993 and 936 K respectively.
α-Na2B4O7 is the stable form.

Natural sources of Borax:
Borax occurs naturally in evaporite deposits produced by the repeated evaporation of seasonal lakes.
The most commercially important deposits are found in: Turkey; Boron, California; and Searles Lake, California.

Also, Borax has been found at many other locations in the Southwestern United States, the Atacama desert in Chile, newly discovered deposits in Bolivia, and in Tibet and Romania.
Borax can also be produced synthetically from other boron compounds.

Naturally occurring Borax (known by the trade name Rasorite–46 in the United States and many other countries) is refined by a process of recrystallization.

Manufacturing Methods of Borax:
Anhydrous Borax is produced from Borax's hydrated forms by fusion.
Calcining is usually an intermediate step in the procsess.

Processing of sodium borate ores by crushing, heating, mechanical separation, selective crystallization, and finally flotation of Borax decahydrate or pentahydrate from the resultant concentrated Borax liquor

Borax containing 5 or 10 molecules of water is produced mainly from sodium-containing borate ores.
The mined ore is crushed and ground before dissolution in a hot recycled aqueous solution containing some Borax.

Insoluble gangue (clay particles) present in the hot slurry is separated off to produce a clear concentrated Borax solution.
Evaporative cooling of this solution to selected temperatures results in crystallization of the desired products, which are then separated from the residual liquor and dried.

General Manufacturing Information of Borax:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing
Primary Metal Manufacturing
Services
Utilities
Wholesale and Retail Trade
Wood Product Manufacturing

History of Borax:
Borax was first discovered in dry lake beds in Tibet.
Native tincal from Tibet, Persia, and other parts of Asia was traded via the Silk Road to the Arabian Peninsula in the 8th century AD.

Etymology of Borax:
The English word borax is Latinized: the Middle English form was boras, from Old French boras, bourras.
That may have been from Medieval Latin baurach (another English spelling), borac(-/um/em), borax, along with Spanish borrax (> borraj) and Italian borrace, in the 9th century.

The words tincal and tincar were adopted into English in the 17th century from Malay tingkal and from Urdu/Persian Arabic تنکار‎ tinkār/tankār; thus the two forms in English.
These all appear to be related to the Sanskrit टांकण tānkana.

Handling and storage of Borax:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1D: Non-combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic hazardous materials or hazardous materials causing chronic effects

Stability and Reactivity of Borax:

Reactivity:
No data available

Chemical stability:
Borax is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Violent reactions possible with:
Strong oxidising agents
Acids
Metallic salts

First Aid Measures of Borax:

General advice:
Show Borax safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Firefighting Measures of Borax:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Borax/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Borax or mixture:
Borane/boron oxides
Sodium oxides

Not combustible.
Ambient fire may liberate hazardous vapours.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental Release Measures of Borax:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid inhalation of dusts. Avoid substance contact.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Cleanup Methods of Borax:
Sweep spilled substance into containers.
Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. (Extra personal protection: P2 filter respirator for harmful particles).

Disposal Methods of Borax:
The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of Borax for Sodium tetraborate's approved use or return Borax to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
Borax's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Identifiers of Borax:
CAS Number: 1303-96-4
ChEBI: CHEBI:86222
ChEMBL: ChEMBL3833375
ChemSpider: 17339255
EC Number: 603-411-9
E number: E285 (preservatives)
KEGG: D03243
PubChem CID: 16211214
RTECS number: VZ2275000
UNII: 91MBZ8H3QO
InChI: InChI=1S/B4O7.2Na.10H2O/c5-1-7-3-9-2(6)10-4(8-1)11-3;;;;;;;;;;;;/h;;;10*1H2/q-2;2*+1;;;;;;;;;;
Key: CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/B4O7.2Na.10H2O/c5-1-7-3-9-2(6)10-4(8-1)11-3;;;;;;;;;;;;/h;;;10*1H2/q-2;2*+1;;;;;;;;;;
Key: CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYAP
SMILES: [Na+].[Na+].O0B(O)O[B-]1(O)OB(O)O[B-]0(O)O1.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O

Synonym(s): Borax, fused
Linear Formula: Na2B4O7
CAS Number: 1330-43-4
Molecular Weight: 201.22
EC Number: 215-540-4
MDL number: MFCD00081185
PubChem Substance ID: 24853258

CAS number: 1330-43-4
EC index number: 005-011-00-4
EC number: 215-540-4
Hill Formula: B₄Na₂O₇
Chemical formula: Na₂B₄O₇
Molar Mass: 201.22 g/mol
HS Code: 2840 11 00
Quality Level: MQ100

EC / List no.: 215-540-4
CAS no.: 1330-43-4
Mol. formula: B4Na2O7

Properties of Borax:
Chemical formula: Na2B4O5(OH)4·10H2O
Molar mass: 381.36 g·mol−1
Appearance: White or colorless crystalline solid
Density: 1.73 g/cm3 (decahydrate, solid)
Melting point: 743 °C (1,369 °F; 1,016 K) (anhydrous)
75 °C (decahydrate, decomposes)
Boiling point: 1,575 °C (2,867 °F; 1,848 K) (anhydrous)
Solubility in water: 31.7 g/L
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −85.0·10−6 cm3/mol (anhydrous): p.4.135 
Refractive index (nD): n1=1.447, n2=1.469, n3=1.472 (decahydrate): p.4.139 

Quality Level: 200
Assay: 99%
Form: solid
mp: 741 °C (lit.)
Density: 2.367 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: [Na+].[Na+].[O-]B1Ob2ob([O-])ob(O1)o2
InChI: 1S/B4O7.2Na/c5-1-7-3-9-2(6)10-4(8-1)11-3;;/q-2;2*+1
InChI key: UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Density: 2.367 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 741 °C
pH value: 9.2 (25 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 7.3 hPa (1200 °C)
Bulk density: 700 kg/m3
Solubility: 25.6 g/l

Molecular Weight: 201.2 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 201.9811616 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 201.9811616 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 92.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Complexity: 121
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Borax:
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 98.0 %
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.001 %
Phosphate (PO₄): ≤ 0.002 %
Sulfate (SO₄): ≤ 0.005 %
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.002 %
Ca (Calcium): ≤ 0.005 %
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.001 %

Structure of Borax:
Crystal structure: Monoclinic, mS92, No. 15
Space group: C2/c
Point group: 2/m

Lattice constant:
a = 1.1885 nm, b = 1.0654 nm, c = 1.2206 nm
α = 90°, β = 106.623°°, γ = 90°

Lattice volume (V): 1.4810 nm3
Formula units (Z): 4

Related Products of Borax:
(2'S)-Nicotine 1-Oxide-d4
rac-Nicotine 1-Oxide-d4
1,7-Dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-2-amine
1,7-Dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-2-amine-d3
3,4-Dichlorophenyldipropionamide

Related compounds of Borax:
Boric acid
sodium perborate

Other anions:
Sodium aluminate

Other cations:
Lithium tetraborate

Names of Borax:

Regulatory process names:
borax decahydrate
borax pentahydrate
boric acid, disodium salt
disodium tetraborate decahydrate
disodium tetraborate pentahydrate
Disodium tetraborate, anhydrous
Disodium tetraborate, anhydrous
disodium tetraborate, anhydrous
disodium tetraborate, anhydrous; boric acid, disodium salt
Sodium borate
Sodium tetraborate
sodium tetraborate

Translated names:
acid boric, sare disodică(borat de sodiu) (ro)
acide borique anhydrique, sel de disodium (fr)
acido borico, sale disodico (it)
aċidu boriku, melħ disodju (mt)
bezvodý tetraboritan disodný (sk)
booraksdekahüdraat (et)
booraksidekahydraatti (fi)
booraksipentahydraatti (fi)
boorakspentahüdraat (et)
boorhape, dinaatriumsool (et)
boorihapon dinatriumsuola (fi)
boorzuur, dinatriumzout (nl)
borace decaidrato (it)
borace pentaidrato (it)
boraka dekahidrāts (lv)
boraka pentahidrāts (lv)
boraks dekahidrat (hr)
boraks dekahidrat (sl)
boraks pentahidrat (hr)
boraks pentahidrat (sl)
boraksdecahydrat (no)
borakso dekahidratas (lt)
borakso pentahidratas (lt)
borakspentahydrat (no)
borax decahidratat (ro)
borax decahydrat (da)
borax decahydrate (mt)
borax dekahydrát (cs)
borax décahydrate (fr)
borax pentahidratat (ro)
borax pentahydrat (da)
borax pentahydrate (fr)
borax pentahydrate (mt)
borax pentahydrát (cs)
boraxdecahydraat (nl)
Boraxdecahydrat (de)
boraxdekahydrat (sv)
boraxpentahydraat (nl)
Boraxpentahydrat (de)
boraxpentahydrat (sv)
borna kiselina, dinatrijeva sol (hr)
boro rūgšties dinatrio druska (lt)
borova kislina, dinatrijeva sol (sl)
borskābe, dinātrija sāls (lv)
borsyra, dinatriumsalt (sv)
borsyre, dinatriumsalt (no)
borsyredinatriumsalt (da)
Borsäure, Dinatriumsalz (de)
bórax deca-hidratado (pt)
bórax penta-hidratado (pt)
bórax, decahidrato (es)
bórax, dekahydrát (sk)
bórax, pentahidrato (es)
bórax, pentahydrát (sk)
bórax-dekahidrát (hu)
bórax-pentahidrát (hu)
bórsav, dinátrium-só (hu)
dekahydrat boraksu (pl)
dekahydrat tetraboranu disodu (pl)
dekahydrát tetraboritanu disodného (sk)
dinaatriumtetraboraat, veevaba (et)
dinaatriumtetraboraatdekahüdraat (et)
dinaatriumtetraboraatpentahüdraat (et)
dinatrijev tetraborat dekahidrat (hr)
dinatrijev tetraborat dekahidrat, (sl)
dinatrijev tetraborat pentahidrat (hr)
dinatrijev tetraborat pentahidrat, (sl)
dinatrijev tetraborat, bezvodni (hr)
dinatrijev tetraborat, brezvodni (sl)
dinatrio tetraboratas, bevandenis (lt)
dinatrio tetraborato dekahidratas (lt)
dinatrio tetraborato pentahidratas (lt)
dinatriumtetraboraat, watervrij (nl)
dinatriumtetraboraatdecahydraat (nl)
dinatriumtetraboraatpentahydraat (nl)
Dinatriumtetraboraatti, vedetön (fi)
Dinatriumtetraboraattidekahydraatti (fi)
Dinatriumtetraboraattipentahydraatti (fi)
dinatriumtetraborat decahydrat (da)
dinatriumtetraborat pentahydrat (da)
dinatriumtetraborat, dekahydrat (sv)
dinatriumtetraborat, vandfrit (da)
dinatriumtetraborat, vannfri (no)
dinatriumtetraborat, vattenfritt (sv)
Dinatriumtetraborat, wasserfrei (de)
Dinatriumtetraboratdecahydrat (de)
dinatriumtetraboratdecahydrat (no)
Dinatriumtetraboratpentahydrat (de)
dinatriumtetraboratpentahydrat (no)
dinatriumtetraboratpentahydrat (sv)
dinátrium-tetraborát-dekahidrát (hu)
dinátrium-tetraborát-pentahidrát (hu)
dinátrum-tetraborát, vízmentes (hu)
dinātrija tetraborāta pentahidrāts (lv)
dinātrija tetraborāts, bezūdens (lv)
dinātrijatetraborāta dekahidrāts (lv)
disodium tetraborate decahydrate (mt)
disodium tetraborate pentahydrate (mt)
disodium tetraborate, anhydrous (mt)
disodná sůl kyseliny ortoborité (cs)
kwas borowy, sól disodowa (pl)
kyselina boritá, disodná soľ (sk)
pentahydrat boraksu (pl)
pentahydrat tetraboranu disodu (pl)
pentahydrát tetraboritanu disodného (sk)
sal dissódico de ácido bórico (pt)
tetraboran disodu, bezwodny (pl)
tetraborat de disodiu decahidratat (ro)
tetraborat de disodiu pentahidratat (ro)
tetraborat de disodiu, anhidru (ro)
tetraborato de dissódio anidro (pt)
tetraborato de dissódio decahidratado (pt)
tetraborato de dissódio pentahidratado (pt)
tetraborato di disodio decaidrato (it)
tetraborato di disodio, anidro (it)
tetraborato disódico anhidro (es)
tetraborato disódico, decahidrato (es)
tetraborato disódico, pentahidrato (es)
tetraboratodi disodio pentaidrato (it)
tetraboritan disodný dekahydrát (cs)
tetraboritan disodný pentahydrát (cs)
tetraboritan sodný, bezvodý (cs)
tétraborate de disodium décahydraté;borax décahydraté (fr)
tétraborate de disodium, anhydre; acide borique, sel de disodium (fr)
tétraborate de disodium, pentahydrate;borax, pentahydrate (fr)Other
ácido bórico, sal disódica (es)
δεκαένυδρο τετραβορικό δινάτριο (el)
δεκαένυδρος βόρακας (el)
Διδύναμο μετά νατρίου άλας βορικού οξέος (el)
Διδύναμο μετά νατρίου άλας τετραβορικού οξέος, άνυδρο (el)
πενταένυδρο τετραβορικό δινάτριο (el)
πενταένυδρος βόρακας (el)
боракс декахидрат (bg)
боракс пентахидрат (bg)
борна киселина, динатриева сол (bg)
динатриев тетраборат декахидрат (bg)
динатриев тетраборат пентахидрат (bg)
динатриев тетраборат, безводен (bg)

CAS names:
Boron sodium oxide (B4Na2O7)

IUPAC names:
4-octylbenzoic acid
Borax
Borax decahydrate
borax decahydrate
borax pentahydrate
boric acid, disodium salt
di-Sodium tetraborate anhydrous
di-Sodium tetraborate decahydrate
disodium 1,7-dioxotetraboroxane-3,5-bis(olate)
Disodium [oxido (oxoboranyloxy)boranyl]oxy-oxoboranyloxyborinate decahydrate
Disodium [oxido(oxoboranyloxy)boranyl] oxy-oxobranyl oxyborinate
Disodium [oxido(oxoboranyloxy)boranyl]oxy-oxoboranyloxyborinate
disodium [oxido(oxoboranyloxy)boranyl]oxy-oxoboranyloxyborinate
disodium [oxido(oxoboranyloxy)boranyl]oxy-oxoboranyloxyborinate decahydrate
disodium bicyclo[3.3.1]tetraboroxane-3,7-bis(olate)
Disodium tetraborate
disodium tetraborate
Disodium tetraborate anhydrous
disodium tetraborate anhydrous
Disodium Tetraborate Decahydrate
Disodium tetraborate decahydrate
disodium tetraborate decahydrate
Disodium tetraborate decahydrate Borax decahydrate
disodium tetraborate decahydrate borax decahydrate
disodium tetraborate pentahydrate
Disodium tetraborate,
Disodium tetraborate, anhydrous
disodium tetraborate, anhydrous
disodium tetraborate, anhydrous boric acid, disodium salt
Disodium Tetraborate, Anydrous
Disodium tetraborate, decahydrate
Na2-tetraborate
Sodium Borate
Sodium Borate Decahydrate
Sodium Tetraborate
Sodium tetraborate
Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate
sodium tetraborate decahydrate
Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate
sodium tetraborate pentahydrate
tetraborato disódico, decahidrato
disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane;decahydrate

Other names:
Borax decahydrate
Sodium borate decahydrate
Sodium tetraborate decahydrate
Sodium tetrahydroxy tetraborate hexahydrate

Other identifiers:
005-011-00-4
005-011-01-1
005-011-02-9
1039387-27-3
1039387-27-3
115372-65-1
115372-65-1
1186126-93-1
1186126-93-1
1189141-72-7
1189141-72-7
12045-54-4
12045-54-4
12179-04-3
1242163-02-5
1242163-02-5
1247014-60-3
1247014-60-3
12589-17-2
12589-17-2
1262222-67-2
1262222-67-2
1262281-53-7
1262281-53-7
1268472-42-9
1268472-42-9
1303-96-4
1314012-56-0
1314012-56-0
1315317-92-0
1315317-92-0
1330-43-4

Synonyms of Borax:
1330-43-4
Borax Anhydrous
Borax glass
Borax, fused
Boric acid (H2B4O7), sodium salt
Boron sodium oxide (B4Na2O7)
Na2B4O7
Sodium Tetraborate
Sodium Tetraborate, Anhydrous
Sodiumtetraborate
Sodium borate anhydrous
Anhydrous borax
Sodium biborate
Fused borax
Sodium pyroborate
Sodium borate, anhydrous
8191EN8ZMD
Sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7)
MFCD00081185
Boric acid (H2B4O7), disodium salt
disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane
12267-73-1
disodium;[oxido(oxoboranyloxy)boranyl]oxy-oxoboranyloxyborinate
MFCD00163147
Komex
Borax, anhydrous
Borax, dehydrated
Sodium boron oxide
Rasorite 65
Fused sodium borate
Boric acid, disodium salt
SODIUM BORATE [MI]
UNII-8191EN8ZMD
Borate-buffered saline (5X)
SODIUM BORATE [WHO-DD]
HSDB 5025
SODIUM TETRABORATE [HSDB]
DTXSID101014358
FR 28
SODIUM TETRABORATE [VANDF]
EINECS 215-540-4
MFCD07784974
AKOS015903865
AKOS030228253
DB14505
Sodium tetraborate, anhydrous, Puratronic
FT-0696539
Sodium tetraborate,Trace metals grade 99.95%
J-006292
DISODIUM BICYCLO[3.3.1]TETRABOROXANE-3,7-BIS(OLATE)
1310383-93-7
BORAX DECAHYDRATE
SYNONYMS Borax; Borates, Tetrasodium Salts, Decahydrate Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate, Sodium Pyroborate Decahydrate; Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate; Disodium Tetraborate Decahydrate; Sodium Borate Decahydrate; Fused Borax; CAS:1303-96-4
BORAX PENTAHYDRATE
Synonyms: decasodium,tetraborate,pentahydrate;SODIUM TETRABORATE PENTAHYDRATE;NEOBOR(R);GRANUBOR(R);FERTIBOR(R);BORAX PENTAHYDRATE;BORAX 5H2O TECHNICAL GRADE;BORAX PENTAHYDRATE-99.9% MIN CAS: 12179-04-3
BORIC ACID
SYNONYMS Boracic Acid, Hydrogen Borate, Orthoboric Acid; Boracic acid; Hydrogen orthoborate; Trihydroxyborane CAS NO. 10043-35-3
BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID)
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has a role as an astringent.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a conjugate acid of a dihydrogenborate.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has the chemical formula H3BO3, sometimes written B(OH)3.


CAS Number: 10043-35-3
EC Number: 233-139-2
MDL number: MFCD00011337
E number: E284 (preservatives)
Chemical formula: BH3O3
Molecular Formula: BH3O3 / H3BO3 / B(OH)3



SYNONYMS:
Boric acid, Orthoboric acid, Boracic acid, Sassolite, Borofax, Trihydroxyborane, Boranetriol, Hydrogen borate, Acidum boricum, BORIC ACID, Orthoboric acid, 10043-35-3, Boracic acid, Borofax, Boron hydroxide, Boron trihydroxide, Boric acid (H3BO3), Basilit B, Boric acid (BH3O3), 11113-50-1, Trihydroxyborone, Orthoborsaeure, Borsaeure, Borsaure, Trihydroxyborane, Orthoboric acid (B(OH)3), Optibor, Acidum boricum, NCI-C56417, component of Aci-Jel, Boric acid (VAN), Bluboro, Boricum acidum, Caswell No. 109, trihydroxidoboron, Boric acid flakes, B(OH)3, CCRIS 855, NSC 81726, HSDB 1432, Orthoboric acid (H3BO3), EINECS 233-139-2, UNII-R57ZHV85D4, MFCD00011337, NSC-81726, Boric acid (TN), EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 011001, INS NO.284, R57ZHV85D4, CHEBI:33118, AI3-02406, INS-284, (10B)Orthoboric acid, Boric acid (h(sub 3)bo(sub 3)), H3BO3, DTXSID1020194, E-284, EC 233-139-2, [B(OH)3], NSC81726, NCGC00090745-02, BORIC ACID (II), BORIC ACID [II], Orthboric Acid, BORIC ACID (MART.), BORIC ACID [MART.], BORIC ACID (USP-RS), BORIC ACID [USP-RS], DTXCID10194, BORIC ACID (EP IMPURITY), BORIC ACID [EP IMPURITY], BORIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH), BORIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH], (B(OH)3), ortho-boric acid, Boric acid [USAN:JAN], hydrogen orthoborate, BO3, CAS-10043-35-3, Boric acid [JAN:NF], BORIC ACID, ACS, Canagyn, acido borico, Orthoborc acd, The Killer, Boric acid, V-Bella, HYLAFEM, Bluboro (Salt/Mix), Homeopathic Antifungal, Boric acid ACS grade, GYNOX-SOFT, Boric acid, Puratronic?, WLN: QBQQ, BORIC ACID [MI], Boric acid, ACS reagent, BORIC ACID [JAN], Heptaoxotetra-Borate(2-), bmse000941, Boric acid (JP15/NF), Boric acid (JP17/NF), BORIC ACID [INCI], Acidum boricum (Salt/Mix), BORIC ACID [VANDF], Boric acid, NF/USP grade, BORIC ACID [WHO-DD], Boric acid, biochemical grade, BIDD:ER0252, Boric Acid, BORICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], CHEMBL42403, BORIC ACID (B(OH)3), Boric acid Electrophoresis grade, Collyrium Eye Wash (Salt/Mix), HYLAFEMBORICUM ACIDUM 3X, BDBM39817, KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-, Boric acid, 99.9% metals basis, BCP21018, Boric acid, 99.99% metals basis, Boric acid, BioXtra, >=99.5%, EINECS 237-478-7, Tox21_111004, Tox21_202185, Tox21_301000, 1332-77-0 (di-potassium salt), MFCD00151271, Boric acid, 99.998% metals basis, AKOS015833571, Boric acid, ACS reagent, >=99.5%, DB11326, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 011001, Boric acid, 99.97% trace metals basis, Boric acid, USP, 99.5-100.5%, NCGC00090745-01, NCGC00090745-03, NCGC00090745-04, NCGC00090745-05, NCGC00254902-01, NCGC00259734-01, Boric acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5%, BP-13473, SY319258, Boric acid, 99.999% trace metals basis, Boric acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.5%, Boric acid, for electrophoresis, >=99.5%, Boric acid, JIS special grade, >=99.5%, Boric acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, InChI=1/BH3O3/c2-1(3)4/h2-4H, NS00013411, Boric acid, tablet, 1 g boric acid per tablet, D01089, A800201, Q187045, J-000132, J-523836, Boric acid, >=99.5%, suitable for amino acid analysis, Boric acid, NIST(R) SRM(R) 951a, isotopic standard, Boric acid, NIST(R) SRM(R) 973, acidimetric standard, Boric acid, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (T), Boric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Boric acid, cell culture tested, plant cell culture tested, >=99.5%, Boric acid, Biotechnology Performance Certified, >=99.5% (titration), Cell Culture Tested, Boric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.5-100.5%, Boric acid, BioReagent, for molecular biology, suitable for cell culture, suitable for plant cell culture, >=99.5%, Boric acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., buffer substance, >=99.8%, Boric acid, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF, 99.5-100.5%, powder, orthoboric acid, boracic acid, borofax, boron hydroxide, boron trihydroxide, basilit b, trihydroxyborone, h3bo3, flea prufe, 11113-50-1, Boric acid, Boracic acid, Orthoboric acid, H3-BO3, Boracic acid, Boric acid (BH3O3), Boric acid (H3BO3), Borofax, Boron hydroxide, Boron trihydroxide, NCI-C56417, Orthoboric acid (B(OH)3), Borsaure, B(OH)3, Basilit B,



Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a precursor material for other boron compounds.
The mixture of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and silicone oil is useful in the production of silly putty.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also known as hydrogen borate, boracic acid, orthoboric acid and acidum boricum.


Most commonly Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber and precursor to other chemicals.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) comes in the form of colourless crystals or a white powder that dissolves in water.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also occurs in combination with other minerals such as borax and boracite.


In its mineral state, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is known as sassolit.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weakly acidic hydrate of boric oxide with mild antiseptic, antifungal, and antiviral properties.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a white, amorphous powder orcolorless, crystalline solid.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is soluble in water; solubility=4.7 g/100 mL at20℃.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has multiple uses in several industries, the pharmaceutical, glass, ceramic and cosmetics industries being some of them.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also known as orthoboric acid or hydrogen borate, is a chemical compound that can be produced through a series of chemical reactions.


One common method for its production involves the reaction between borax (sodium borate) and sulfuric acid, resulting in Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) as the desired product and sodium Sulphate (Na2SO4) as a byproduct.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a member of boric acids.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has a role as an astringent.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a conjugate acid of a dihydrogenborate.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and its sodium borate salts are pesticides that we can find in nature and many products.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and its sodium salts each combine boron with other elements in a different way.
In general, their toxicities each depend on the amount of boron they contain.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and its sodium salts can be used to control a wide variety of pests.


These include insects, spiders, mites, algae, molds, fungi, and weeds.
Products that contain Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) have been registered for use in the United States since 1948.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also called hydrogen borate, boracic acid, orthoboric acid and acidum boricum, is a weak, monobasic Lewis acid of boron, which is often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber, or precursor to other chemical compounds.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has the chemical formula H3BO3 (sometimes written B(OH)3), and exists in the form of colorless crystals or a white powder that dissolves in water.
When occurring as a mineral, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is called sassolite.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also called boracic acid or orthoboric acid or acidum boricum, is a weak acid often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, in nuclear power plants to control the fission rate of uranium, and as a precursor of other chemical compounds.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) exists in the form of colorless crystals or a white powder and dissolves in water.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has the chemical formula H3BO3, sometimes written B(OH)3.
When occurring as a mineral, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is called sassolite.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an insecticide that works well in cracks and crevices.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an inorganic compound that is a weak monobasic Lewis acid of boron.
Although in some chemical reactions it acts as a tribasic acid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also known as hydrogen borate, boracic acid and orthoboric acid.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s IUPAC name is trihydrooxidoboron.
When Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) occurs as a mineral in nature, it is called sassolite.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a crystalline solid at room temperature.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is found as a constituent of many naturally occurring minerals such as borax, boracite, ulexite and colemanite.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s salts are found in seawater.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also found in all fruits and many plants.


Wilhelm Homberg first prepared Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) crystals in 1702.
He gave it the name sal sedativum Hombergi (sedative salt of Homberg).
Although Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) compounds have been used since the time of the ancient Greeks for cleaning, preserving food and other activities.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also known as boracic acid or orthoboric acid, is a naturally occurring compound containing the elements boron, oxygen, and hydrogen (H3BO3).
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) crystals are white, odorless, and nearly tasteless.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) looks like fine table salt in the granular form or like baby powder in the powdered form.
Borates, the general term associated with boron containing minerals such as borax and Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), most commonly originate in dried salt lakebeds of deserts or arid areas (such as Death Valley, CA, Turkey, and China) or other geographic regions that expose similar deposits (such as the Andes Mountains in South America).


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a chemical compound containing boron, hydrogen and oxygen.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a mild acid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) exists in the form of colorless crystals or a white powder and dissolves in water.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weak, monobasic Lewis acid of boron.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an odourless and naturally occurring powder in its original form.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is quite popular and used widely as a safe alternative to chemical insecticides for pest control in many parts of the world.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is found mainly in its free state in some volcanic areas.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also found as a constituent of many naturally occurring minerals such as boracite, borax, colemanite and ulexite (boronatrocalcite).


Alternatively, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and its salts are found in seawater.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also present in different types of fruits.
The first synthesis of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) was performed by Wilhelm Homberg.


He used borax, and with the action of mineral acids, he synthesised the compound.
Interestingly, if you look at history, the use of borates and Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) by the ancient Greeks can be seen.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also called hydrogen borate, boracic acid, orthoboric acid or acidum boricum is a weak acid of boron often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, or a neutron absorber, and a precursor of other chemical compounds.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s chemical formula is H3BO3.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) exists in the form of colorless crystals or a white powder and dissolves in water.
When occurring as a mineral, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is called sassolite.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is found in its native form in certain volcanic districts such as Tuscany, the Lipari Islands, and Nevada.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is generally mixed with steam from fissures in the ground and is also found as a constituent of many minerals (borax, boracite, borontrocaicite and colemanite).


The presence of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and its salts has been noted in seawater.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also exists in plants and especially in almost all fruit.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also known as hydrogen borate, is a weak monobasic Lewis acid of boron with the chemical formula H3BO3.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is known to exhibit some antibacterial activity against infections such as bacterial vaginosis and candidiasis
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a monobasic Lewis acid with the chemical formula H3BO3.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an acid-containing compounds of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also known as acidum boricum, hydrogen borate, boracic acid, and orthoboric acid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weak acid and has antiviral, antifungal, and antiseptic properties.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is soluble in water and does not have any characteristic odour.


Under standard conditions, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) exists either as a colourless crystal or in a white powdery form.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be prepared by reacting borax with hydrochloric acid.
It can be noted that Wilhelm Homberg was the first person to prepare Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) from borax.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an odorless white solid.
Melting point of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is 171 °C.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) sinks and mixes with water.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has a role as an astringent.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a conjugate acid of a dihydrogenborate.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), also known as hydrogen borate, is a weak monobasic Lewis acid of boron with the chemical formula H3BO3.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is typically utilized in industrial processing and manufacturing, but is also used as an additive in pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, lotions, soaps, mouthwash, toothpaste, astringents, and eyewashes.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is known to exhibit some antibacterial activity against infections such as bacterial vaginosis and candidiasis.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a natural product found in Caenorhabditis elegans with data available.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weakly acidic hydrate of boric oxide with mild antiseptic, antifungal, and antiviral properties.
The exact mechanism of action of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is unknown; generally cytotoxic to all cells.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also called hydrogen borate, boracic acid, orthoboric acid is a weak acid of boron often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber, or precursor to other chemical compounds.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has the chemical formula H3BO3 (sometimes written B(OH)3), and exists in the form of colorless crystals or a white powder that dissolves in water.


When occurring as a mineral, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is called sassolite.
Borate is a food contaminant deriving from paper and paperboard in contact with food.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has limited use as an antibacterial agent in caviar.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), more specifically orthoboric acid, is a compound of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula B(OH)3.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) may also be called hydrogen orthoborate, trihydroxidoboron or boracic acid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weak acid and has antiviral, antifungal, and antiseptic properties.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is usually encountered as colorless crystals or a white powder, that dissolves in water, and occurs in nature as the mineral sassolite.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weak acid that yields various borate anions and salts, and can react with alcohols to form borate esters.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
The primary industrial use of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is in the manufacture of monofilament fiberglass usually referred to as textile fiberglass.
Textile fiberglass is used to reinforce plastics in applications that range from boats, to industrial piping to computer circuit boards.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a Nuclear Poison in modern PWR type Nuclear Reactors as it Reduce Fission Process by Reducing Neutrons Flux.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in PWR Nuclear Reactor's Coolant water for Controlling Reactor Power as well as to Perform Emergency Reactor Shutdown.
In the jewelry industry, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is often used in combination with denatured alcohol to reduce surface oxidation and thus formation of firescale on metals during annealing and soldering operations.[citation needed]


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of the glass in LCD flat panel displays.
In electroplating, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as part of some proprietary formulas.
One such known formula calls for about a 1 to 10 ratio of H3BO3 to NiSO4, a very small portion of sodium lauryl sulfate and a small portion of H2SO4.


The solution of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and borax in 4:5 ratio is used as a fire retarding agent of wood by impregnation.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used in the manufacturing of ramming mass, a fine silica-containing powder used for producing induction furnace linings and ceramics.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is added to borax for use as welding flux by blacksmiths.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), in combination with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or silicone oil, is used to manufacture Silly Putty.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also present in the list of chemical additives used for hydraulic fracturing (fracking) in the Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is often used in conjunction with guar gum as cross-linking and gelling agent for controlling the viscosity and the rheology of the fracking fluid injected at high pressure in the well.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is important to control the fluid viscosity for keeping in suspension on long transport distances the grains of the propping agents aimed at maintaining the cracks in the shales sufficiently open to facilitate the gas extraction after the hydraulic pressure is relieved.


The rheological properties of borate cross-linked guar gum hydrogel mainly depend on the pH value.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in some expulsion-type electrical fuses as a de-ionization/extinguishing agent.
During an electrical fault in an expulsion-type fuse, a plasma arc is generated by the disintegration and rapid spring-loaded separation of the fusible element, which is typically a specialized metal rod that passes through a compressed mass of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) within the fuse assembly.


The high-temperature plasma causes the Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) to rapidly decompose into water vapor and boric anhydride, and in-turn, the vaporization products de-ionize the plasma, helping to interrupt the electrical fault.
We have been using Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) since ancient times.


Presently Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is mainly used in industries.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacturing of monofilament fibreglass.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the jewellery industry in combination with denatured alcohol.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of glass in LCD flat panel displays.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in electroplating.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) mixture is used as a fire retarding agent.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacturing of ramming mass.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has medicinal uses as well such as it reduces the harmful effect of HF.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) mixed with borax is used for welding flux by blacksmiths.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber etc.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to prevent or destroy existing wet and dry rot in timbers.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a primary buffer system in swimming pools.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in some nuclear power plants as a neutron poison.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s mixture with petroleum or vegetable oil works as an excellent lubricant.
For medical uses, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) solutions used as an eye wash or on abraded skin are known to be especially toxic to infants, especially after repeated use because of its slow elimination rate.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as an antiseptic for minor burns or cuts and is sometimes used in dressings or salves or is applied in a very dilute solution as an eye wash in a 1.5% solution of sterilized water.
For insecticidal uses, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) acts as a stomach poison affecting the insects' metabolism, and the dry powder is abrasive to the insects' exoskeleton.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also made into a paste or gel form as a powerful and effective insecticide much safer to humans than many other insecticides.
The paste or gel has attractants in Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) to attract insects.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) slowly causes dehydration.
For preservation uses, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) prevents and destroys existing wet and dry rot in timbers.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used in combination with an ethylene glycol carrier to treat external wood against fungal and insect attack.


Concentrates of borate-based treatments can be used to prevent slime, mycelium and algae growth, even in marine environments.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is added to salt in the curing of cattle hides, calfskins and sheepskins.
This helps to control bacteria development and helps to control insects.


For industrial uses, the primary use of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is in the manufacture of monofilament fiberglass usually referred to as textile fiberglass.
Textile fiberglass is used to reinforce plastics in applications that range from boats, to industrial piping to computer circuit boards.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in nuclear power plants as a neutron poison to slow down the rate at which fission is occurring.
In the jewelry industry, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is often used in combination with denatured alcohol to reduce surface oxidation and firescale from forming on metals during annealing and soldering operations.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of the glass in LCD flat panel displays.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used extensively in pest control.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of monofilament fibreglass or heat-resistant boron silicate glasses.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of glass in LCD flat panel displays.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a preservative for various food items.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the medical field as an antiseptic.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacture of enamels and glazes in pottery.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used in some nuclear power plants as a neutron poison.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the treatment or prevention of boron deficiencies in plants.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in pyrotechnics to prevent amide-forming reactions between aluminium and nitrates, and as a colourant to make fire green.
External wood can be treated with Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) to prevent fungal and Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in electroplating as part of some proprietary formulas.


Yeast infections: This is another most common way to use Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) at home.
Health Benefits of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid): They are not only used in the household, they are said to have anti-arthritic properties and help promote bone and joint health


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a very important tool in pest control and has been used extensively for a long period of time.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacture of monofilament fibreglass or heat-resistant boron silicate glasses.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of glass in LCD flat panel displays.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a preservative for milk and other food items.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the medical field as an antiseptic.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacture of enamels and glazes in pottery.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used in some nuclear power plants as a neutron poison.
In the treatment or prevention of boron deficiencies in plants.
Boron is commonly used in pyrotechnics for preventing amide-forming reactions between aluminium and nitrates.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) in small quantities is added to the mixture to neutralise alkaline amides that can react with aluminium.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used as a colourant to make fire green.
External wood can be treated with this acid to prevent fungal and insect attacks.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in electroplating as part of some proprietary formulas.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacture of textile fibreglass
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the production of the flat panel display


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to neutralize the active hydrofluoric acid
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used by blacksmiths as welding flux
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in electroplating


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the jewellery industry
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the manufacture of silly putty
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as an Insecticidal


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as an antiseptic and antibacterial
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used on carrom boards as a dry lubricant
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a neutron poison in some nuclear plants


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to preserve grains like wheat and rice
In the list of the chemical additives that are used for hydraulic fracturing (also known as fracking), it is not uncommon for Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) to be present.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used as a cross-linking and gelling agent in combination with guar gum and is known to regulate the viscosity and rheology of the drilling fluid which is pumped at high pressure in wells.
Furthermore, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is of vital importance to regulate the fluid viscosity that helps to keep the grains of the propping agents suspended for long transport distances in order to keep the cracks in the shales sufficiently open.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) facilitates the extraction of gas after relieving the hydraulic pressure.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is one of the most commonly produced borates and is widely used throughout the world in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as a nutritional supplement, flame retardant, in the manufacture of glass and fiberglass, and in the production of wood preservatives to control pests and fungus.


A dilute water solution of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is usually employed as a mild antiseptic and eyewash.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is employed in leather manufacture, electroplating and cosmetics.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is involved in the production of monofilament fiberglass which finds applications in boats, industrial piping, LCD flat panel displays and computer circuit boards.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is in combination with sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) and is used as a welding flux by blacksmiths.
There are many home uses for Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) when it is used alone or in combination with other chemicals.
Since Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is less toxic, it is easy to handle at home, but you have to be careful about it.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used to treat yeast infections and acne, for eyewash by treating any bacterial infection and soothing inflamed eyes, and as a cleanser, deodorizer, stain remover, disinfectant and mold killer.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as a pesticide to control a variety of pests, as a fungicide for citrus, and as an herbicide along rights-of-way.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used for the manufacture of textile fiberglass, household glass products and the glass used in LCD displays, to reinforce plastics in various products (boats, computer circuit boards and pipes), as a flame retardant, and as a pH buffer agent in plating.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a precursor material for other boron compounds.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used for weatherproofing wood and fireproofing fabrics; as a preservative; manufacture of cements, crockery, porcelain, enamels, glass, borates, leather, carpets, hats, soaps, artificial gems; in nickeling baths; cosmetics; printing and dyeing, painting; photography; for impregnating wicks; electric condensers; hardening steel.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used as insecticide for cockroaches and black carpet beetles.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used to study molecular biology, DNA and RNA purification, biological buffers and molecular biology reagents.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has been used to test the toxic effects of boron on growth and antioxidant system parameters of maize roots.


A dilute water solution of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is usually employed as a mild antiseptic and eyewash.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is too employed in leather manufacture, electroplating, and cosmetics.
Antiseptic: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as an antiseptic and preservative in some ophthalmic solutions and skincare products.


Pest Control: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is employed as an insecticide to control ants, cockroaches, and other pests.
Flame Retardant: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as a flame retardant in certain applications.
Flux in Welding: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a flux in welding and soldering operations.


Wood Preservation: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to protect wood from fungal and insect infestations.
Borosilicate Glass: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a key ingredient in the production of borosilicate glass, which has high thermal resistance and is used for laboratory glassware, cookware, and glass art.


Pharmaceuticals: Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has pharmaceutical applications, including in the production of eye drops and as an ingredient in some medicines.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is efficient against waterbugs, silverfish, and termites, in addition to cockroaches and ants.


As a result, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) products are used by the global population.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) was used mainly for preserving food and cleaning.
The more that is learned about the beneficial properties of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), the more it is being used in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is typically utilized in industrial processing and manufacturing, but is also used as an additive in pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, lotions, soaps, mouthwash, toothpaste, astringents, and eyewashes 4.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, neutron absorber, or precursor to other boron compounds.


The term "Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)" is also used generically for any oxoacid of boron, such as metaboric acid HBO2 and tetraboric acid H2B4O7.
As an antibacterial compound, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can also be used as an acne treatment.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used as prevention of athlete's foot, by inserting powder in the socks or stockings.


Various preparations can be used to treat some kinds of otitis externa (ear infection) in both humans and animals.
The preservative in urine sample bottles in the UK is Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is one of the most commonly used substances that can counteract the harmful effects of reactive hydrofluoric acid (HF) after an accidental contact with the skin.


Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) works by forcing the free F− anions into the inert tetrafluoroborate anion.
This process defeats the extreme toxicity of hydrofluoric acid, particularly its ability to sequester ionic calcium from blood serum which can lead to cardiac arrest and bone decomposition; such an event can occur from just minor skin contact with HF.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the treatment of yeast infections and cold sores.


-Medical uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as an antiseptic for minor burns or cuts and is sometimes used in salves and dressings, such as boracic lint.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is applied in a very dilute solution as an eye wash.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) vaginal suppositories can be used for recurrent candidiasis due to non-albicans candida as a second line treatment when conventional treatment has failed.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is less effective than conventional treatment overall.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) largely spares lactobacilli within the vagina.
As TOL-463, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is under development as an intravaginal medication for the treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis.


-pH buffer uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) in equilibrium with its conjugate base the borate ion is widely used (in the concentration range 50–100 ppm boron equivalents) as a primary or adjunct pH buffer system in swimming pools.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a weak acid, with pKa (the pH at which buffering is strongest because the free acid and borate ion are in equal concentrations) of 9.24 in pure water at 25 °C.
But apparent pKa is substantially lower in swimming pool or ocean waters because of interactions with various other molecules in solution.

It will be around 9.0 in a salt-water pool.
No matter which form of soluble boron is added, within the acceptable range of pH and boron concentration for swimming pools, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is the predominant form in aqueous solution, as shown in the accompanying figure.

The Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) – borate system can be useful as a primary buffer system (substituting for the bicarbonate system with pKa1 = 6.0 and pKa2 = 9.4 under typical salt-water pool conditions) in pools with salt-water chlorine generators that tend to show upward drift in pH from a working range of pH 7.5–8.2.

Buffer capacity is greater against rising pH (towards the pKa around 9.0), as illustrated in the accompanying graph.
The use of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) in this concentration range does not allow any reduction in free HOCl concentration needed for pool sanitation, but it may add marginally to the photo-protective effects of cyanuric acid and confer other benefits through anti-corrosive activity or perceived water softness, depending on overall pool solute composition.


-Lubrication uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) dissolved in petroleum or vegetable oil can form a remarkable lubricant on ceramic or metal surfaces with a coefficient of sliding friction that decreases with increasing pressure to a value ranging from 0.10 to 0.02.
Self-lubricating B(OH)3 films result from a spontaneous chemical reaction between water molecules and B2O3 coatings in a humid environment.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to lubricate carrom and novuss boards, allowing for faster play.


-Insecticidal uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) was first registered in the US as an insecticide in 1948 for control of cockroaches, termites, fire ants, fleas, silverfish, and many other insects.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is generally considered to be safe to use in household kitchens to control cockroaches and ants.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) acts as a stomach poison affecting the insects' metabolism, and the dry powder is abrasive to the insects' exoskeletons.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also has the reputation as "the gift that keeps on killing" in that cockroaches that cross over lightly dusted areas do not die immediately, but that the effect is like shards of glass cutting them apart.

This often allows a roach to go back to the nest where Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) soon dies.
Cockroaches, being cannibalistic, eat others killed by contact or consumption of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), consuming the powder trapped in the dead roach and killing them, too.


-Preservation uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
In combination with its use as an insecticide, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also prevents and destroys existing wet and dry rot in timbers.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used in combination with an ethylene glycol carrier to treat external wood against fungal and insect attack.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is possible to buy borate-impregnated rods for insertion into wood via drill holes where dampness and moisture is known to collect and sit.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is available in a gel form and injectable paste form for treating rot affected wood without the need to replace the timber.

Concentrates of borate-based treatments can be used to prevent slime, mycelium, and algae growth, even in marine environments.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is added to salt in the curing of cattle hides, calfskins, and sheepskins.
This helps to control bacterial development, and helps to control insects.


-Pharmaceutical Applications of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as an antimicrobial preservative in eye drops, cosmetic products, ointments, and topical creams.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used as an antimicrobial preservative in foods.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and borate have good buffering capacity and are used to control pH; they have been used for this purpose in external preparations such as eye drops.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has also been used therapeutically in the form of suppositories to treat yeast infections.
In dilute concentrations Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used as a mild antiseptic, with weak bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties, although it has generally been superseded by more effective and less toxic disinfectants.


-Nuclear power uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in some nuclear power plants as a neutron poison.
The boron in Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) reduces the probability of thermal fission by absorbing some thermal neutrons.

Fission chain reactions are generally driven by the probability that free neutrons will result in fission and is determined by the material and geometric properties of the reactor.
Natural boron consists of approximately 20% boron-10 and 80% boron-11 isotopes. Boron-10 has a high cross-section for absorption of low energy (thermal) neutrons.

By increasing Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) concentration in the reactor coolant, the probability that a neutron will cause fission is reduced.
Changes in Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) concentration can effectively regulate the rate of fission taking place in the reactor.

During normal at power operation, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used only in pressurized water reactors (PWRs), whereas boiling water reactors (BWRs) employ control rod pattern and coolant flow for power control, although BWRs can use an aqueous solution of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and borax or sodium pentaborate for an emergency shutdown system if the control rods fail to insert.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) may be dissolved in spent fuel pools used to store spent fuel elements.
The concentration is high enough to keep neutron multiplication at a minimum.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) was dumped over Reactor 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant after its meltdown to prevent another reaction from occurring.


-Pyrotechnics uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boron is used in pyrotechnics to prevent the amide-forming reaction between aluminium and nitrates.
A small amount of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is added to the composition to neutralize alkaline amides that can react with the aluminium.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as a colorant to make fire green.
For example, when dissolved in methanol Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is popularly used by fire jugglers and fire spinners to create a deep green flame much stronger than copper sulfate.


-Agriculture uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to treat or prevent boron deficiencies in plants.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used in preservation of grains such as rice and wheat.


-Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) as a Medicine:
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is widely used as an antiseptic for the treatment of minor cuts and burns.
Furthermore, this compound is also used in medical dressings and salves.

Very dilute solutions of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as an eyewash.
Owing to its antibacterial properties, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can also be used for the treatment of acne in humans.
In its powdered form, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can also be sprinkled into socks and shoes to prevent the athlete’s foot (tinea pedis).


-Biochem/physiol Actions of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has antibacterial and fungicidal properties.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in the periodontal therapy as an irrigation solution as it elicits bactericidal effects in microbial biofilms in root canal.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) may favor osteoblastic activity and inhibit bone loss.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) inhibits Candida albicans fungal infection and has potential to treat vaginal infection.


-Get rid of worms:
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), along with sugar, can be used to kill ants and other worms.
This mixture is made into small balls and placed in their paths.
It is one of the useful home uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also used to get rid of cockroaches as a mixture with bacon fat.


-Soap eyes:
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) along with warm water and a little Epsom salt is also one of the home uses of boric acid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used to treat barley and other eye infections.


-Ear drops:
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), vinegar and distilled water can be used to destroy the fungi formed after swimming.
This is another home use of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).


-Antiseptic:
Any small wounds can be treated with a little Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and distilled water.
Most people use it as a home remedy, although self-medication is not recommended.
They are also used with other ingredients in hospitals.


-Fleas:
Another household use of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is to get rid of fleas from the carpet.
By using Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) on carpets, the lice will get borax and eventually die.


-Wood preservatives uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) inhibits the growth of the fungus; thus protecting the furniture, protecting it from worms and termites that can attack it.
This is one way to use Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) at home.


-Ear rinse for dogs:
Along with other ingredients, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be used as an ear rinse for dogs.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is available at pharmacies.
This is one of the common household uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).


-Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a mild antiseptic as well as a mild acid that inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the external surfaces of the body.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is commonly used in contact lens solutions, eye disinfectants, vaginal remedies, baby powder, anti-aging preparations and similar external applications.


-Nutritional Supplements uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and other borates are increasingly being used in over-the-counter nutritional supplements as a source of boron.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is thought that boron has a potential therapeutic value in promoting bone and joint health as well as having a limiting effect on arthritis symptoms.

It is important to note that the health effects of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and boron-based supplements are based on very new studies and/or are based solely on the claims of the manufacturers of the supplements.
It should not be implied that Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) should be directly ingested as a supplement or for any other reason.


-Flame Retardants uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) inhibits the release of combustible gases from burning cellulosic materials, such as cotton, wood, and paper-based products.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also releases chemically bonded water to further reduce combustion.
A carbon char is formed that further inhibits combustion.

Futons, mattresses, upholstered furniture, insulation, and gypsum board are common consumer items that use Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) as a flame retardant.
Plastics, textiles, specialty coatings, and other industrial products also contain Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) to strengthen their ability to withstand exposure to flames.


-Glass and Fiberglass uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Heat resistant, borosilicate, and other specialty glasses rely on Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and other similar borates to increase the chemical and temperature resistance of the glass.

Halogen light bulbs, ovenware, microwavable glassware, laboratory glassware, and many everyday glass items are enhanced by the addition of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also aids in the fiberization process of fiberglass, which is used in fiberglass insulation as well as in textile fiberglass (a fabric-like material commonly used in skis, circuit boards, and other similar applications).


-Wood Preservatives and Pest Control uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a common source of boron compounds when used in the formulation of products that control fungus and insects.
Fungi are plants that contain no chlorophyll and must have an outside source of food (such as wood cellulose).

Boron compounds inhibit the growth of fungus and have been demonstrated to be a reliable wood preservative.
Similarly, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in swimming pools and spas as a safer and “softer feeling” substitute for chlorine.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), borax, and other salts are commonly used to soften pool water and prevent contamination.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a natural and increasingly popular insect control product.
Unlike hornet or ant sprays, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) does not kill bugs on contact using highly toxic chemicals.
Rather, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) acts as a desiccant that dehydrates many insects by causing tiny cracks or fissures in their exoskeletons.

This eventually dries them out.
The “saltiness” of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also interferes with their very simple electrolytic metabolism.


-Other Uses of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is commonly used in metallurgy to harden and treat steel alloys as well as to aid in the application of metal plating materials.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is used in ceramic and enamel coatings, in adhesives, as a lubricant, and in many other consumer and industrial products.



PROPERTIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a white crystalline solid usually found in powder form.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has a feeling of soft soapy touch.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is sparingly soluble in cold water but highly soluble in hot water.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) tends to behave as a very weak acid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) dehydrates when heated above 170 °C and goes on to form metaboric acid.



STRUCTURE OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has a trigonal structure.
If we look at the chemical formula of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), it is BH3O3.
Here, the three oxygen atoms form a trigonal planar geometry around the boron.

The B-O bond length is 136 pm, and the O-H is 97 pm.
The molecular point group is C3h.
Crystalline Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is made up of layers of B(OH)3 molecules that are held together by hydrogen bonds of length 272 pm.
The distance between two adjacent layers is 318 pm.



PREPARATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
There are two common methods for the preparation of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).

*Using borax:
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be obtained by treating a hot concentrated solution of borax with either sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
As a result of the solution on concentration, crystals of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) are formed.
Na2B4O7·10H2O + 2 HCl → 4 B(OH)3 [or H3BO3] + 2 NaCl + 5 H2O

*Hydrolysis of boron compounds:
Another method that can be used is hydrolysis.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be performed on boron compounds such as hydrides, halides and nitrides.
B2H6 + 6 H2O → 2 B(OH)3 + 6 H2
BX3 + 3 H2O → B(OH)3 + 3 HX (X = Cl, Br, I)



STRUCTURE OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Each Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) molecule features boron-oxygen single bonds.
The boron atom occupies the central position and is linked to three hydroxide groups.
The overall molecular geometry of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is trigonal planar.



HOW DOES BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID) WORK?
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can kill insects if they eat it.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) disrupts their stomach and can affect their nervous system.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can also scratch and damage the exterior of insects.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and borax, a sodium borate salt, can kill plants by causing them to dry out.
Sodium metaborate, another sodium borate salt, stops plants from producing the energy they need from light.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can also stop the growth of fungi, such as mold.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) prevents them from reproducing.



OCCURRENCE OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), or sassolite, is found mainly in its free state in some volcanic districts, for example, in the Italian region of Tuscany, the Lipari Islands and the US state of Nevada.
In these volcanic settings Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) issues, mixed with steam, from fissures in the ground.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also found as a constituent of many naturally occurring minerals – borax, boracite, ulexite (boronatrocalcite) and colemanite.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and its salts are found in seawater.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also found in plants, including almost all fruits.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) was first prepared by Wilhelm Homberg (1652–1715) from borax, by the action of mineral acids, and was given the name sal sedativum Hombergi ("sedative salt of Homberg").
However borates, including Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), have been used since the time of the ancient Greeks for cleaning, preserving food, and other activities.



PREPARATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) may be prepared by reacting borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) with a mineral acid, such as hydrochloric acid:
Na2B4O7·10H2O + 2 HCl → 4 B(OH)3 [or H3BO3] + 2 NaCl + 5 H2O
It is also formed as a by product of hydrolysis of boron trihalides and diborane:
B2H6 + 6 H2O → 2 B(OH)3 + 6 H2
BX3 + 3 H2O → B(OH)3 + 3 HX (X = Cl, Br, I)



PREPARATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
By Borax -
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is prepared by reaction of borax with mineral acid (or hydrochloric acid).
The reaction involved is given below.
Na2B4O7.10H2O + 2HCl →4B(OH)3 + 2NaCl + 5H2O

By Hydrolysis of Diborane -
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also formed as a by-product of hydrolysis of diborane.
The reaction involved is given below.
B2H6 + 6H2O → 2B(OH)3 + 6H2

By Hydrolysis of Trihalide -
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also formed as a by-product of hydrolysis of boron trihalides.
The reaction involved is given below.
BX3 + 3H2O → B(OH)3 + 3HX (X = Cl, Br, I)



WHAT ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID)?
Products containing Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be liquids, granules, pellets, tablets, wettable powders, dusts, rods, or baits.
They are used indoors in places like homes, hospitals and commercial buildings.
They are also used in outdoor residential areas, sewage systems, and on food and non-food crops.

There are over five hundred products with Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) sold in the United States.
Several non-pesticide products containing Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) include soil amendments, fertilizers, household cleaners, laundry detergents, and personal care products.



CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has trigonal planar geometry due to three oxygen atoms around the boron.
In this bond length of B-O is 136pm and O-H is 97pm.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Physical Properties of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) are as follows.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a colourless or white crystalline solid at room temperature.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s molar mass is 61.83 g/mol.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s melting point is 170.9℃.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid)'s boiling point is 300℃.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is soluble in water.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Chemical Properties of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) are as follows.
On heating Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) gives metaboric acid.
The reaction at 170℃ is given below.
H3BO3 → HBO2 + H2O

At 300℃, it gives tetraboric acid.
The reaction is given below.
4HBO2 → H2B4O7 + H2O

On heating above 330℃, it gives boron trioxide.
The reaction is given below.
H2B4O7→ 2B2O3 + H2O

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) reacts with alcohol and gives borate esters.
The reaction is given below.
B(OH)3 + 3ROH → B(OR)3 + 3H2O

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also dissolves in anhydrous sulfuric acid.
The reaction is given below.
B(OH)3 + 6H2SO4→ B(HSO4)4- + 2HSO4- + 3H3O+



IS BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID) A SAFE SUBSTANCE?
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is ecologically friendly because it is a naturally occurring substance.
Because it is a non-toxic substance, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is safe for pets and wildlife.



PREPARATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
One of the simplest methods of preparing Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is by reacting borax with any mineral acid (hydrochloric acid, for instance).
The chemical equation for this reaction can be written as:
Na2B4O7.10H2O + 2HCl → 4H3BO3 + 5H2O + 2NaCl
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can also be prepared from the hydrolysis of diborane and trihalides of boron (such as boron trichloride or boron trifluoride).



PROPERTIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Under standard conditions for temperature and pressure (STP), Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) exists as a white, crystalline solid that is fairly soluble in water.
The solubility of H3BO3 in water is temperature-dependent.

At a temperature of 25 °C, the solubility of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) in water is 57 g/L.
However, when the water is heated to 100 °C, the solubility of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) increases to approximately 275 g/L.
It can also be noted that Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is sparingly soluble in pyridine and slightly soluble in acetone.

The conjugate base of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is the borate anion.
The acidity of solutions of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is known to increase with polyols containing cis-vicinal diols (like mannitol and glycerol).

The value of pK of B(OH)3 is known to extend to five orders of magnitude (from 9 to 4), under different concentrations of mannitol.
It can be noted that in the presence of mannitol, the solution of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) with increased acidity can be referred to as mannitoboric acid.



PREPARATION METHODS FOR BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
There are two common methods for the preparation of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) can be obtained by treating a hot concentrated solution of borax with either sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
As the solution concentrates, crystals of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) are formed.
Hydrolysis of boron compounds: Another common method is the hydrolysis of boron compounds such as hydrides, halides, and nitrides.



STORAGE AND HANDLING GUIDELINES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Store Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) in a cool, dry place, away from moisture and direct sunlight.
Keep Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) in its original container, tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.
Store Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) away from incompatible materials, strong acids, and reducing agents.
When handling, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety glasses.



SAFETY INFORMATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is generally considered safe when used according to guidelines and regulations.
In case of contact, rinse thoroughly with water.
Keep Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) out of reach of children and pets.
Follow safety data sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer or supplier for detailed safety information and first-aid measures.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Crystallise Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) three times from H2O (3mL/g) between 100o and 0o, after filtering through sintered glass.
Dry it to constant weight over metaboric acid in a desiccator.
It is steam volatile.

After two recrystallisations of ACS grade.
it had Ag at 0.2 ppm.
Its solubility (%) in H2O is 2.66 at 0o, 4.0 at 12o and 24 at 80o.
At 100o it loses H2O to form metaboric acid (HBO2).

When it is heated to redness or slowly to 200o, or over P2O5 in vacuo, it dehydrates to boric anhydride (B2O3) [1303-82-6] to give a white hard glass or crystals with m ~294o.
The glass softens on heating and liquefies at red heat.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an astringent, a fungicide and an antibacterial.



INCOMPATIBILITIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) decomposes in heat above 100 C, forming boric anhydride and water.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is hygroscopic; it will absorb moisture from the air.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) aqueous solution is a weak acid; incompatible with strong reducing agents including alkali metals and metal hydrides (may generate explosive hydrogen gas); acetic anhydride, alkali carbonates, and hydroxides.

Attacks iron in the presence of moisture.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is incompatible with water, strong bases and alkali metals.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) reacts violently with potassium and acid anhydrides.
It also forms a complex with glycerin, which is a stronger acid than Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid).



WASTE DISPOSAL OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acids (Ortho Boric Acid) may be recovered from organic process wastes as an alternative to disposal.



HISTORY OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) was first prepared by Wilhelm Homberg (1652–1715) from borax, by the action of mineral acids, and was given the name sal sedativum Hombergi ("sedative salt of Homberg").
However Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) and borates have been used since the time of the ancient Greeks for cleaning, preserving food, and other activities.



MOLECULAR AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
The three oxygen atoms form a trigonal planar geometry around the boron.
The B-O bond length is 136 pm and the O-H is 97 pm. The molecular point group is C3h.
Two crystalline forms of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) are known: triclinic and hexagonal.
The former is the most common; the second, which is a bit more stable thermodynamically, can be obtained with a special preparation method.



TRICLINIC OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
The triclinic form of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) consists of layers of B(OH)3 molecules held together by hydrogen bonds with an O...O separation of 272 pm.
The distance between two adjacent layers is 318 pm



PREPARATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) may be prepared by reacting borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) with a mineral acid, such as hydrochloric acid:
Na2B4O7·10H2O + 2 HCl → 4 B(OH)3 + 2 NaCl + 5 H2O
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is also formed as a by product of hydrolysis of boron trihalides and diborane:
B2H6 + 6 H2O → 2 B(OH)3 + 6 H2
BX3 + 3 H2O → B(OH)3 + 3 HX (X = Cl, Br, I)



REACTIONS OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Pyrolysis:
When heated, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) undergoes a three step dehydration.
The reported transition temperatures vary substantially from source to source.

When heated above 140 °C, Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) yields metaboric acid (HBO2) with loss of one water molecule:
B(OH)3 → HBO2 + H2O
Heating metaboric acid above about 180 °C eliminates another water molecule forming tetraboric acid, also called pyroboric acid (H2B4O7):

4 HBO2 → H2B4O7 + H2O
Further heating (to about 530 °C) leads to boron trioxide:

H2B4O7 → 2 B2O3 + H2O
Aqueous solution
When Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is dissolved in water, it partially dissociates to give metaboric acid:

B(OH)3 ⇌ HBO2 + H2O
The solution is mildly acidic due to ionization of the acids:

B(OH)3 + H2O ⇌ [BO(OH)2]− + H3O+
HBO2 + H2O ⇌ [BO2]− + H3O+
However, Raman spectroscopy of strongly alkaline solutions has shown the presence of [B(OH)4]− ions, leading some to conclude that the acidity is exclusively due to the abstraction of OH− from water:

B(OH)3 + HO− ⇌ B(OH)−4
Equivalently,

B(OH)3 + H2O ⇌ B(OH)−4+ H+ (K = 7.3×10−10; pK = 9.14)
Or, more properly,
B(OH)3 + 2 H2O ⇌ B(OH)−4 + H3O+
This reaction occurs in two steps, with the neutral complex aquatrihydroxyboron B(OH)3(OH2) as an intermediate:

B(OH)3 + H2O → B(OH)3(OH2)
B(OH)3(OH2) + H2O + HO− → [B(OH)4]− + H3O+
This reaction may be characterized as Lewis acidity of boron toward [HO]−, rather than as Brønsted acidity.
However, some of its behaviour towards some chemical reactions suggest Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) to be tribasic acid in the Brønsted sense as well.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid), mixed with borax Na2B4O7·10H2O (more properly Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O) in the weight ratio of 4:5, is highly soluble in water, though they are not so soluble separately.



SULFURIC ACID SOLUTION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also dissolves in anhydrous sulfuric acid according to the equation:
B(OH)3 + 6 H2SO4 → [B(SO4H)4]− + 2 [HSO4]− + 3 H3O+
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is an extremely strong acid, even stronger than the original oleum.



ESTERIFICATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) reacts with alcohols to form borate esters, B(OR)3 where R is alkyl or aryl.
The reaction is typically driven by a dehydrating agent, such as concentrated sulfuric acid:

B(OH)3 + 3 ROH → B(OR)3 + 3 H2O
With vicinal diols
The acidity of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) solutions is greatly increased in the presence of cis-vicinal diols (organic compounds containing similarly oriented hydroxyl groups in adjacent carbon atoms, (R1,R2)=C(OH)−C(OH)=(R3,R4)) such as glycerol and mannitol.

The tetrahydroxyborate anion formed in the dissolution spontaneously reacts with these diols to form relatively stable anion esters containing one or two five-member −B−O−C−C−O− rings.
For example, the reaction with mannitol H(HCOH)6H, whose two middle hydroxyls are in cis orientation, can be written as

B(OH)3 + H2O ⇌ [B(OH)4]− + H+
[B(OH)4]− + H(HCOH)6H ⇌ [B(OH)2(H(HCOH)2(HCO−)2(HCOH)2H)]− + 2 H2O
[B(OH)2(H(HCOH)2(HCO−)2(HCOH)2H)]− + H(HCOH)6H ⇌ [B(H(HCOH)2(HCO−)2(HCOH)2H)2]− + 2 H2O
Giving the overall reaction

B(OH)3 + 2 H(HCOH)6H ⇌ [B(H(HCOH)2(HCO−)2(HCOH)2H)2]− + 3 H2O + H+
The stability of these mannitoborate ester anions shifts the equilibrium of the right and thus increases the acidity of the solution by 5 orders of magnitude compared to that of pure boric oxide, lowering the pKa from 9 to below 4 for sufficient concentration of mannitol.

The resulting solution has been called mannitoboric acid.
The addition of mannitol to an initially neutral solution containing Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) or simple borates lowers its pH enough for it to be titrated by a strong base as NaOH, including with an automated a potentiometric titrator.

This property is used in analytical chemistry to determine the borate content of aqueous solutions, for example to monitor the depletion of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) by neutrons in the water of the primary circuit of light-water reactor when the compound is added as a neutron poison during refueling operations.



PREPARATION OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is produced from borax, colemanite, or other inorganic borates by reaction with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, and cooling the solution to proper temperature:
Na2B4O7 ? 10Η2Ο + H2SO4 → 4H3BO3 + Na2SO4 + 5H2O

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) also may be prepared by extraction of weak borax brine with a kerosene solution of an aromatic diol, such as 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol or 3-chloro- 2-hydroxy-5-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)benzyl alcohol.
The diol-borate chelate formed separates into a kerosene phase.
Treatment with sulfuric acid yields Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) which partitions into aqueous phase and is purified by recrystallization.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) occurs naturally as the mineral sassolite.
However, the majority of Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is produced by reacting inorganic borates with sulfuric acid in an aqueous medium.
Sodium borate and partially refined calcium borate (colemanite) are the principal raw materials.
When Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is made from colemanite, the fineground ore is vigorously stirred with mother liquor and sulfuric acid at about 908℃.
The by-product calcium sulfate is removed by filtration, and the Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is crystallized by cooling the filtrate.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a colorless, transparent triclinic crystal or white granule or powder; density 1.435 g/cm3; melts at 171°C under normal heating; however, slow heating causes loss of water; sparingly soluble in cold water (4.7% at 20°C); pH of 0.1M solution 5.1; readily dissolves in hot water (19.1% at 80°C and 27.5% at 100°C); also soluble in lower alcohols and moderately soluble in pyridine.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a white powder or granules and odorless.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is incompatible with potassium, acetic anhydride, alkalis, carbonates, and hydroxides.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) has uses in the production of textile fiberglass, flat panel displays, and eye drops.

Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is recognized for its application as a pH buffer and as a moderate antiseptic agent and emulsifier.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) is a white, amorphous powder or colorless, crystalline solid.
Boric Acid (Ortho Boric Acid) occurs as a hygroscopic, white crystalline powder, colorless shiny plates, or white crystals.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
Chemical formula: BH3O3
Molar mass: 61.83 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Density: 1.435 g/cm³
Melting point: 170.9 °C (339.6 °F; 444.0 K)
Boiling point: 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K)
Solubility in water:
2.52 g/100 mL (0 °C)
4.72 g/100 mL (20 °C)
5.7 g/100 mL (25 °C)
19.10 g/100 mL (80 °C)
27.53 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility in other solvents:
Soluble in lower alcohols
Moderately soluble in pyridine
Very slightly soluble in acetone
log P: -0.29

Acidity (pKa): 9.24 (first proton), 12.4 (second), 13.3 (complete)
Conjugate base: Borate
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -34.1·10^(-6) cm³/mol
Molecular Weight: 61.84 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 62.0175241 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 62.0175241 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 60.7 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass: 61.83 g/mol
Density: 1.435 g/cm³ (standard)
1.48 g/cm³ (at 23 °C)
Boiling Point: 158 °C
Melting Point:
300 °C (standard)
1000 °C (decomposition)
CAS Number: 10043-35-3
EC Index Number: 005-007-00-2
EC Number: 233-139-2
Hill Formula: BH₃O₃
Chemical Formula: H₃BO₃
HS Code: 2810 00 90
Quality Level: MQ200
Additional Properties:
pH Value: 5.1 (1.8 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor Pressure: Bulk Density: 400 - 600 kg/m³

Solubility: 49.2 g/l
Physical Properties:
Physical State: Crystalline
Color: White
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point/Freezing Point: 160 °C
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: No data available
Flammability (Solid, Gas): Not flammable (solid)
Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits: No data available
Flash Point: Not applicable
Autoignition Temperature: No data available
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
Chemical Properties:
pH: 5.1 at 1.8 g/l at 25 °C
Solubility:
Water Solubility: 49.2 g/l at 20 °C, completely soluble
Partition Coefficient (n-Octanol/Water):
log Pow: -1.09 at 22 °C

Physical Properties:
Vapor Pressure: < 0.1 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1.48 g/cm³ at 23 °C
Relative Density: 1.49 at 23 °C
Relative Vapor Density: No data available
Particle Characteristics: No data available
Explosive Properties: No data available
Oxidizing Properties: None
Safety Information:
Dissociation Constant: 8.94 at 20 °C
Chemical Properties (Recap):
IUPAC Names: Boric acid, Trihydroxidoboron
Chemical Formula: BH₃O₃
Molar Mass: 61.83 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Density: 1.435 g/cm³
Melting Point: 170.9 °C
Boiling Point: 300 °C

Solubility in Water:
2.52 g/100 mL at 0 °C
4.72 g/100 mL at 20 °C
5.7 g/100 mL at 25 °C
19.10 g/100 mL at 80 °C
27.53 g/100 mL at 100 °C
Solubility in Other Solvents:
Soluble in lower alcohols
Moderately soluble in pyridine
CBNumber:CB6128144
Molecular Formula:BH3O3 Lewis structure
Molecular Weight:61.83
MDL Number:MFCD00236358
MOL File:10043-35-3.mol
Solubility: Slightly soluble in acetone and pyridine.
Molecular Shape: Trigonal planar
Dipole Moment: Zero
Appearance: White granular

Color: White
Melting Point: Approximately 185°C (decomposition)
Density: 1.435 g/cm³
Odor: Odorless
Flash Point: None
Assay Percent Range: 99.8%
Physical Form: Granular
Beilstein Number: 1697939
Formula Weight: 61.83 g/mol
Chemical Name or Material: Boric acid
Melting point: 160 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 219-220 °C (9.7513 mmHg)
Density: 1.440 g/cm³
Vapor pressure: 2.6 mm Hg (20 °C)
Storage temperature: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
Solubility: H2O: soluble
Form: working solution
pKa: 8.91±0.43 (Predicted)

Specific Gravity: 1.435
Color: ≤10 (APHA)
pH: 3.6-4.4 (25℃, saturated solution in H2O)
Odor: Odorless
pH Range: 3.8 - 4.8
Water Solubility: 49.5 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitivity: Hygroscopic
λmax (Maximum Absorption Wavelength): λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05, λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.05
Merck Index: 14,1336
BRN (Beilstein Registry Number): 1697939
Exposure limits: ACGIH: TWA 2 mg/m3; STEL 6 mg/m3
InChIKey: KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.09 at 22℃
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): BORIC ACID
CAS DataBase Reference: 10043-35-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: R57ZHV85D4
NIST Chemistry Reference: B(OH)3(10043-35-3)
EPA Substance Registry System: Orthoboric acid (10043-35-3)



FIRST AID MEASURES of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1D:
Non-combustible.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BORIC ACID (ORTHO BORIC ACID):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available


BORNYL ACETATE
Bornyl acetate is a naturally occurring organic compound with a pleasant, woody aroma, found in various essential oils, most notably in the oils of coniferous trees like pine, fir, and cedar, as well as in some herbs like rosemary and sage.
Bornyl acetate is prized for its aromatic properties and is a common ingredient in perfumery and fragrance industries, characterized by its fresh, earthy, and slightly floral notes.
Beyond its olfactory appeal, Bornyl acetate also boasts potential therapeutic benefits, including its purported ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress when used in aromatherapy.

CAS Number: 5413-60-5
EC Number: 219-700-4
Molecular Formula: C12H16O2
Molecular Weight: 192.25 g/mol

Synonyms: Bornyl acetate, 4,7-Methanoinden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, acetate, Dihydro-nordicyclopentadienyl acetate, Tricyclodecen-4-yl 8-acetate, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-6-yl acetate, 4,7-Methano-1H-inden-5-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, 5-acetate, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-4,7-methano-1H-inden-5-yl acetate, 4,7-Methanoinden-5-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, acetate, Tricyclo(5.2.1.02,6)dec-3-en-9-yl acetate, Tricyclodecenyl acetate, Tricyclo(5.2.1.02,6)dec-4-en-8-yl acetate, tricyclodecenyl acetate, dihydrodicyclopentadiene acetate, Hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-5(6)-yl acetate, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-6-yl acetate, 4,7-Methano-1H-inden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, 6-acetate, 4,7-Methano-1H-inden-6-ol,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-,6-acetate, 4,7-Methanoinden-6-ol,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-,acetate, 4,7-Methano-1H-inden-6-ol,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-,acetate, Bornyl acetate, 4,7-Methano-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroinden-6-yl acetate, Herbaflorat, NSC 6598, Greenyl acetate, 8-Acetoxytricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-3-ene, Jasmacyclene, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-6-yl acetate, Bornyl acetate, 5413-60-5, Jasmacyclen, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-6-yl acetate, Tricyclodecenyl acetate, Tricyclodecen-4-yl 8-acetate, 4,7-Methano-1H-inden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, acetate, Greenyl acetate, Dihydro-nordicyclopentadienyl acetate, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-4,7-methanoinden-6-yl acetate, 5232EN3X2F, NSC-6598, MFCD00135806, 4,7-Methanoinden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, acetate, 4,7-Methano-1H-inden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-, 6-acetate, Herbaflorat, NSC 6598; Herbaflorat; Greenyl acetate, NSC 6598, EINECS 226-501-6, JASMACYCLENE, BRN 1949487, AI3-20146, SCHEMBL114981, UNII-5232EN3X2F, DTXSID4029270, NSC6598, Dihydro-nor-dicyclopentadienyl acetate, AKOS027276455, BS-42422, SY316742, J217.985G, NS00003520, 8-acetoxytricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6]dec-3-ene, 8-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-3-enyl acetate, E76501, EC 226-501-6, 8-ACETOXYTRICYCLO(5.2.1.02,6)DEC-3-ENE, W-105670, Q10878625, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-6-ylacetate, ACETIC ACID TRICYCLE(5.2.1.0(SUP 2,6))DECA-3-ENE-8-YL ESTER, 3A,4,5,6,7,7A-HEXAHYDRO-1H-4,7-METHANOINDEN-6-YL ACETATE, 4,7-METHANO-1H-INDEN-6-OL, 3A,4,5,6,7,7A-HEXAHYDRO-, 6-ACETATE, 4,7-METHANO-1H-INDEN-6-OL, 3A,4,5,6,7,7A-HEXAHYDRO-, ACETATE, 8-ACETOXYTRICYCLO(5.2.1.02,6)DEC-3-ENE, ACETIC ACID TRICYCLE(5.2.1.0(SUP 2,6))DECA-3-ENE-8-YL ESTER, GREENYL ACETATE, J217.985G, JASMACYCLENE, NSC-6598, Bornyl acetate, DIHYDRO-DICYCLOPENTADIENYL ACETATE, 4,7-Methano-1H-Inden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-, Acetate, Dihydro-Nordicyclopentadienyl Acetate, Tricyclodecen-4-yl 8-Acetate, Tricyclodecenyl Acetate (IFRA)

Bornyl acetate is a colorless to pale yellow liquid known for its distinctive woody and green scent.
Bornyl acetate is commonly used in the fragrance industry to create perfumes and scented personal care products like lotions and soaps.

With a chemical formula of C14H24O2, Bornyl acetate provides a fresh, slightly balsamic note that adds depth and complexity to aromatic formulations.
Bornyl acetate is valued for its stability and versatility, making it a popular choice among perfumers and cosmetic manufacturers.

Bornyl acetate is a light-floral green soapy compound.
Bornyl acetate is a clear to straw yellow liquid and is not present in nature.

Bornyl acetate is synthetic.
Bornyl acetate has a strong and lasting delicate fragrance and is used in flavor essences such as modulation lavandula angustifolia, the banksia rose, fragrance are strange, chypre, and for makeup.

Bornyl acetate is a naturally occurring organic compound with a pleasant, woody aroma.
Bornyl acetate is found in various essential oils, most notably in the oils of coniferous trees like pine, fir, and cedar, as well as in some herbs like rosemary and sage.
This ester is prized for its aromatic properties and is a common ingredient in perfumery and fragrance industries.

Bornyl acetate's fragrance profile is characterized by its fresh, earthy, and slightly floral notes, making it a popular choice for adding depth and complexity to perfumes, colognes, and scented products.
Beyond Bornyl acetate's olfactory appeal, Bornyl acetate also boasts potential therapeutic benefits, including its purported ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress when used in aromatherapy.
Bornyl acetate continues to be an essential component in the world of fragrance and aromatics, captivating our senses with its delightful scent.

Bornyl acetate is a fragrance.
Bornyl acetate is widely used in alcoholic lotions, antiperspirant, deo-stick, detergent perborate, hard surface cleaner, shampoo and soap.
The shelf life of Bornyl acetate is 24 months

Bornyl acetate is a naturally occurring organic compound with a pleasant, woody aroma.
Bornyl acetate is found in various essential oils, most notably in the oils of coniferous trees like pine, fir, and cedar, as well as in some herbs like rosemary and sage.

This ester is prized for Bornyl acetate's aromatic properties and is a common ingredient in perfumery and fragrance industries.
Bornyl acetate's fragrance profile is characterized by its fresh, earthy, and slightly floral notes, making it a popular choice for adding depth and complexity to perfumes, colognes, and scented products.

Beyond Bornyl acetate's olfactory appeal, Bornyl acetate also boasts potential therapeutic benefits, including its purported ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress when used in aromatherapy.
Bornyl acetate, continues to be an essential component in the world of fragrance and aromatics, captivating our senses with its delightful scent.

Bornyl acetate is a natural product found in Solanum lycopersicum with data available.
Bornyl acetate is cycloBornyl acetate jasmacyclene .

Bornyl acetate is light-floral green soapy.
Bornyl acetate is the ester that conforms to the formula: C12H16O2.

Bornyl acetate is a synthetic aromatic chemical.
Bornyl acetate has a shelf life of 24 months.

Uses of Bornyl acetate:
Bornyl acetate has a strong and lasting delicate fragrance and is used in flavor essences such as modulation lavandula angustifolia, the banksia rose, fragrance are strange, chypre, and for makeup .
Bornyl acetate is used fine fragrances, beauty care, hair care, laundry Care.

Bornyl acetate is an excellent modifier & provides floral accords an attractive green fruity volume with a sweet anise and wood background.
Bornyl acetate is used for perfuming soaps, detergents and air freshners.

Benefits and Uses:

Perfumery:
Bornyl acetate, with its woody and floral notes, is an essential component in high-end perfumes, providing a lasting and captivating fragrance.

Aromatherapy:
In aromatherapy, Bornyl acetate is utilized to create calming essential oil blends that promote relaxation and reduce stress.

Flavorings:
Bornyl acetate adds a subtle piney flavor to certain food and beverage products, enhancing their taste profiles.

Cosmetics:
Bornyl acetate is used in cosmetics such as lotions and creams to imbue them with a pleasant, nature-inspired scent, enhancing the user's sensory experience.

Cleaning Products:
Bornyl acetate's fresh and clean aroma makes Bornyl acetate a popular choice for adding fragrance to various household cleaning items, leaving spaces smelling rejuvenated.

Pharmaceuticals:
In some pharmaceutical preparations, Bornyl acetate is incorporated for both its fragrance and its potential calming effects, contributing to a more pleasant medication experience.

Industry Uses:
Odor agents
Fragrance

Consumer Uses:
Processing aids not otherwise specified
Odor agents
Fragrance

Molecular Structure of Bornyl acetate:
The molecular formula of Bornyl acetate is C12H16O2.
The IUPAC name of Bornyl acetate is 8-tricyclo [5.2.1.0 2,6 ]dec-3-enyl acetate.
The molecular weight of Bornyl acetate is 192.25 g/mol.

Physical And Chemical Properties of Bornyl acetate:
Bornyl acetate is a clear to straw yellow liquid.
Bornyl acetate is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol.
Bornyl acetate is stable under normal conditions.

Synthesis of Bornyl acetate:
The synthetic method of Bornyl acetate involves a long production reaction scheme, which is considered dangerous and not suitable for industrial production due to its low synthetic yield.
A detailed synthetic method can be found in a patent.

General Manufacturing Information of Bornyl acetate:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
Other (requires additional information)
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade

Manufacturing Process of Bornyl acetate:
The extensive Bornyl acetate production cost report consists of the major industrial manufacturing process(es):

From Acetic Acid and Perchloric-Phosphoric acid:
The production process of Bornyl acetate begins with the chemical reaction between acetic acid and perchloric-phosphoric acid, yielding a mixture.
Bornyl acetate is then treated by the slow addition of acetic anhydride and dicyclopentadiene, which is then washed by using sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfite, and saturated salt followed by fractional distillation to yield Bornyl acetate at the end.

Bornyl acetate is produced through chemical synthesis.
The high chloride-phosphoric acid and acetic acid are added together in specific quantities.

After that, at a temperature of about 580C, acetic anhydride is added to the mixture, followed by the addition of dicyclopentadiene.
A temperature of 50-800C is maintained.

Further through vacuum fractionation, the products are washed by NaOH.
Hence, Bornyl acetate is obtained.

Bornyl acetate is a clear and colourless liquid.
The chemical formula of Bornyl acetate is C12H16O2.

The specific gravity of Bornyl acetate at 25 °C is 1.07 to 1.09.
The flash point of Bornyl acetate is 111°C.

Bornyl acetate is insoluble in water but is miscible in alcohol.
The molecular weight of Bornyl acetate is 192.25 g/mol.

Handling And Storage of Bornyl acetate:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage:
Keep in tightly closed container in a cool and dry place, protected from light.
When stored for more than 24 months, quality should be checked before use.

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Stability And Reactivity of Bornyl acetate:

Reactivity:
No data available

Chemical stability:
Bornyl acetate is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Incompatible materials:
No data available

First Aid Measures of Bornyl acetate:

General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Fire Fighting Measures of Bornyl acetate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system

Accidental Release Measures of Bornyl acetate:

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry. Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of Bornyl acetate:

Personal protective equipment:

Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses

Skin protection:

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Body Protection:
protective clothing

Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2

Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

Identifiers of Bornyl acetate:
Molecular Formula: C12H16O2
DSSTOX Substance ID: DTXSID4029270
Molecular Weight: 192.25 g/mol
Physical Description: Liquid; Liquid, Other Solid
Product Name: Bornyl acetate
CAS RN: 5413-60-5
Product Name: 4,7-Methano-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroinden-6-yl acetate
CAS No.: 5413-60-5
Molecular Formula: C12H16O2
InChIKey: RGVQNSFGUOIKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 192.25 g/mol
Exact Mass: 192.25
EC Number: 226-501-6
UNII: 5232EN3X2F
NSC Number: 6598
DSSTox ID: DTXSID4029270

Molecular Weight: 192.25
Appearance: A colorless viscous liquid.
Boiling point: 288.25°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.0240 (rough estimate)
Storage temp: Sealed in dry, Room Temperature
Water Solubility: 10μg/L at 30℃
Chemical Name: 3A,4,5,6,7,7A-HEXAHYDRO-4,7-METHANOINDEN-6-YL ACETATE
Chemical Formula: C12 H16 O2
Family: Floral
CAS N°: 5413-60-5
EINECS N°: 226-501-6
FEMA N°: -

Properties of Bornyl acetate:
Molecular Weight: 192.25 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 192.115029749 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 192.115029749 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Complexity: 295
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 5
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Beilstein Number: 1949487
MDL: MFCD00135806
XlogP3-AA: 2.20 (est)
Molecular Weight: 192.25792000
Formula: C12 H16 O2
AL number: 3046
CAS number: To be assigned
CAS number (unlabelled): 5413-60-5
Molecular Formula: C12H16O2
Molecular Weight: 194.24
Assay: 95% min.
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 96.00 to 100.00 sum of isomers

Flash Point: > 100°C
Refractive Index ND20: [1.492 - 1.498]
Specific Gravity (D20/20): [1.072 - 1.082]
Purity: > 98% (SUM OF ISOMERS)
Molecular Weight: 192
Chemical Formula: C12H16O2
CAS Number: 5413-60-5
Color: Clear Colorless Liquid
Shelf Life: 12 months
Form: Liquid
IUPAC Name: 8-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-3-enyl acetate
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H16O2/c1-7(13)14-12-6-8-5-11(12)10-4-2-3-9(8)10/h2-3,8-12H,4-6H2,1H3
InChI Key: RGVQNSFGUOIKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES: CC(=O)OC1CC2CC1C3C2C=CC3

Specifications of Bornyl acetate:
APPEARANCE AT 20°C: Clear moible liquid
COLOR: Colorless to pale yellow
ODOR: Fruit,green,wood,anise,floral,ozone
OPTICAL ROTATION (°): -0,5 / 0,5
DENSITY AT 20°C (G/ML)): 1,068 - 1,078
REFRACTIVE INDEX ND20: 1,4930 - 1,4970
FLASHPOINT (°C): 116
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in ethanol 96º
ASSAY (% GC): Sum of isomers > 98
ACID VALUE (MG KOH/G): < 1
BORNYL ACETATE
BORON NITRIDE, N° CAS : 10043-11-5, Nom INCI : BORON NITRIDE, Nom chimique : Boron nitride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 233-136-6. Agent Absorbant : Absorbe l'eau (ou l'huile) sous forme dissoute ou en fines particules. Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
BORON NITRIDE
Boron Nitride = BN

CAS Number: 10043-11-5
EC Number: 233-136-6
Chemical formula: BN
Molar mass: 24.82 g/mol

Boron nitride is a thermally and chemically resistant refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with the chemical formula BN.
Boron Nitride exists in various crystalline forms that are isoelectronic to a similarly structured carbon lattice.
The hexagonal form corresponding to graphite is the most stable and soft among BN polymorphs, and is therefore used as a lubricant and an additive to cosmetic products.
The cubic (zincblende aka sphalerite structure) variety analogous to diamond is called c-BN; Boron Nitride is softer than diamond, but Boron Nitrides thermal and chemical stability is superior.
The rare wurtzite BN modification is similar to lonsdaleite but slightly softer than the cubic form.

Boron nitride (BN is a synthetic material, which although discovered in the early 19th century was not developed as a commercial material until the latter half of the 20th century.
Boron and nitrogen are neighbours of carbon in the periodic table - in combination boron and nitrogen have the same number of outer shell electrons - the atomic radii of boron and nitrogen are similar to that of carbon.
Boron Nitride is not surprising therefore that boron nitride and carbon exhibit similarity in their crystal structure.
In the same way that carbon exists as graphite and diamond, boron nitride can be synthesised in hexagonal and cubic forms.

The synthesis of hexagonal boron nitride powder is achieved by nitridation or ammonalysis of boric oxide at elevated temperature.
Cubic boron nitride is formed by high pressure, high temperature treatment of hexagonal BN.

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is the equivalent in structure of graphite.
Like graphite Boron Nitrides plate like microstructure and layered lattice structure give Boron Nitride good lubricating properties.
h-BN is resistant to sintering and is usually formed by hot pressing.

Cubic boron nitride (C-BN) has the same structure as diamond and Boron Nitrides properties mirror those of diamond.
Indeed C-BN is the second hardest material next to diamond.
C-BN was first synthesised in 1957, but Boron Nitride is only in the last 15 years that commercial production of C-BN has developed.

Boron nitride is a non-toxic thermal and chemical refractory compound with high electrical resistance, and is most commonly available in colorless crystal or white powder form.
Boron Nitride is an advanced ceramic material and is often referred to as “white graphene” or “inorganic graphite”.
In this article, Let’s discuss the production, general properties, and uses of boron nitride.

Boron nitride (BN) is a binary chemical compound, consisting of equal numbers of boron and nitrogen atoms.
Boron Nitrides empirical formula is therefore BN.
Boron nitride is isoelectronic with carbon and, like carbon, boron nitrides exists as various polymorphic forms, one of which is analogous to diamond and one analogous to graphite.
The diamond-like polymorph is one of the hardest materials known and the graphite-like polymorph is a useful lubricant.

Boron Nitride (BN) is a popular inorganic compound capable of showing different forms and properties.
Similar to many other inorganic compounds, BN has found an important place in the world of chemistry.
However, the potential of BN was discovered later in history compared to other inorganic compounds such as oxides of boron and iron, chlorides, or ammonia.

This delay could be attributed to the fact that BN is not found in nature and actually obtained in the laboratory environment.
BN was first produced at the beginning of the 18th century.
However, Boron Nitrides commercial use did not start until the 1940s.
Since then, Boron Nitride is widely produced and utilized in different industries.

Boron nitride attracts attention due to Boron Nitrides electronic comparability to the world-famous element carbon.
Much like carbon, BN shares the same number of electrons between neighbouring atoms.
Furthermore, BN takes on similar structural properties to carbon.
A surprising equivalence between different phases of BN and phases of carbon based materials is observed.

BN products can exist in several different phases including amorphous (a-BN), hexagonal (h-BN), turbostratic (t-BN), rhombohedral (r-BN), monoclinic (m-BN), orthorhombic (o-BN), wurtzite (w-BN), and cubic (c-BN) phases.
Amongst the different polymorphic forms of BN hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and cubic boron nitride (c-BN) attract the most attention due to their stability, similarity to different phases of carbon based materials, and desirable properties.
Hexagonal boron nitride is often associated with graphite-like carbon based materials while c-BN is often associated with the diamond-like carbon structure.
The first samples of c-BN were produced from hexagonal boron nitride using high pressure and high temperature process in the presence of catalyst in 1957.

After this discovery, much more sophisticated production methods have been developed for the production of c-BN.
But, commercial availability of c-BN was not obtained up until 1969.
Since then, desirable properties of cubic boron nitride have been utilized in several different industries.

Boron nitride (BN) is a binary chemical compound, consisting of equal numbers of boron and nitrogen atoms.
The empirical formula is therefore BN.
Boron nitride is isoelectronic to the elemental forms of carbon and isomorphism occurs between the two species.
That is boron nitride possess three polymorphic forms; one analogous to diamond, one analogous to graphite and ones analogous to the fullerenes.
The diamond-like allotrope of boron nitride is one of the hardest materials known but is softer than materials such as diamond, ultrahard fullerite, and aggregated diamond nanorods.

A hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) is an atomic-thick 2D material that exhibits many interesting properties such as high chemical stability and excellent mechanical and thermal properties.
In Chapter One, the authors introduce two methods for the exfoliation of BNNS from hexagonal boron nitride (hBN).
Then, methodologies for the surface functionalization and nanocomposite construction are demonstrated by two BNNS based nanocomposites.
The catalytic performance of the BNNS based nanocomposites is also evaluated and discussed in detail.

Chapter two evaluates the formation of rolled hexagonal boron nitride nano-sheets (h-BN nanoscrolls) on their unique morphology, magnetic properties and applications.
Due to the high chemical and thermal stabilities, as well as atomically smooth surfaces with free of dangling bonds, hBN has been used as barriers, passivation and support layers in 2D electronic devices, to maximize the electrical and optical characterization of 2D materials.
However, there still remains a challenge in obtaining large-area and high-quality hBN film for real 2D electronic devices.
Chapter Three focuses on chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a promising method to overcome these limitations.

Chapter Four discusses how a boron doped armchair graphene ribbon has been shown by cyclic voltammetry to be a potential catalyst to replace platinum, however the reaction catalyzed was not identified.
The authors use density functional calculations to show the reaction catalyzed is likely dissociation of HO2.
Chapter Five reveals a novel and industrially feasible route to incorporate boron nitride nanoparticles (BNNPs) in radiation-shielding aerospace structural materials.

Chapter Six deals with the preparation and characterization of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT)-reinforced biopolyester matrices.
The morphology, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, cytotoxicity, thermal, mechanical, tribological and antibacterial properties of the resulting nanocomposites are discussed in detail.
Chapter Seven presents theoretical estimations regarding the compressive buckling response of single walled boron nitride nanotubes (SWBNNTs), which have a similar crystal structure as single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs).

Moreover, SWBNNTs have excellent mechanical, insulating and dielectric properties.
Finally, Chapter Eight shows how the different exchange mechanisms can be distinguished and measured by studying solid films where part of the 3He is replaced by immobile Ne atoms.
The authors also show how the formation energy of vacancies and vacancy tunneling frequency can be obtained from NMR studies at high temperature.

Boron Nitride is an advanced synthetic ceramic material available in solid and powder form.
Boron Nitrides unique properties – from high heat capacity and outstanding thermal conductivity to easy machinability, lubricity, low dielectric constant and superior dielectric strength – make boron nitride a truly outstanding material.

In Boron Nitrides solid form, boron nitride is often referred to as “white graphite” because Boron Nitride has a microstructure similar to that of graphite.
However, unlike graphite, boron nitride is an excellent electrical insulator that has a higher oxidation temperature.
Boron Nitride offers high thermal conductivity and good thermal shock resistance and can be easily machined to close tolerances in virtually any shape.
After machining, Boron Nitride is ready for use without additional heat treating or firing operations.

Boron Nitride is a graphite-like, crystalline material that has light-diffusing and texture improving properties.
Boron Nitride is quite the multi-tasker as Boron Nitride can blur imperfections, add an exceptional creamy feel to products and act as a mattifying agent.

In powder makeup products (think blushers, highlighters), Boron Nitride enhances the skin feel and improves the color pay-off.
In lipsticks, Boron Nitride gives a creamy feel and a better color on the lips.

First Aid Measures of Boron Nitride:

General Measures: Remove patient from area of exposure.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, keep warm and quiet, give oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Seek medical attention.

Because of excellent thermal and chemical stability, boron nitride ceramics are used in high-temperature equipment and metal casting.
Boron nitride has potential use in nanotechnology.

The empirical formula of boron nitride (BN) is deceptive.
BN is not at all like other diatomic molecules such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen chloride (HCl).
Rather, Boron Nitride has much in common with carbon, whose representation as the monatomic C is also misleading.

BN, like carbon, has multiple structural forms.
BN’s most stable structure, hBN (shown), is isoelectronic with graphite and has the same hexagonal structure with similar softness and lubricant properties.
hBN can also be produced in graphene-like sheets that can be formed into nanotubes.

In contrast, cubic BN (cBN) is isoelectronic with diamond.
Boron Nitride is not quite as hard, but Boron Nitride is more thermally and chemically stable.
Boron Nitride is also much easier to make.
Unlike diamond, Boron Nitride is insoluble in metals at high temperatures, making Boron Nitride a useful abrasive and oxidation-resistant metal coating.
There is also an amorphous form (aBN), equivalent to amorphous carbon (see below).

BN is primarily a synthetic material, although a naturally occurring deposit has been reported.
Attempts to make pure BN date to the early 20th century, but commercially acceptable forms have been produced only in the past 70 years.
In a 1958 patent to the Carborundum Company (Lewiston, NY), Kenneth M. Taylor prepared molded shapes of BN by heating boric acid (H3BO3) with a metal salt of an oxyacid such as phosphate in the presence of ammonia to form a BN “mix”, which was then compressed into shape.

Today, similar methods are in use that begin with boric trioxide (B2O3) or H3BO3 and use ammonia or urea as the nitrogen source.
All synthetic methods produce a somewhat impure aBN, which is purified and converted to hBN by heating at temperatures higher than used in the synthesis.
Similarly, to the preparation of synthetic diamond, hBN is converted to cBN under high pressure and temperature.

Boron nitride (BN) is a chemical compound that is isoelectronic and isostructural to carbon with equal composition of boron and nitrogen atoms.

Cubical boron nitride (cBN) is the second hardest material known behind diamond.
Boron Nitrides abrasive properties are tremendously relevant for tools in cutting and grinding processes.
In a high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) process, the rather soft boron nitride (BN) is transformed into the cubic crystal system, where Boron Nitride resembles the structure of diamond (Klocke and König, 2008; Heisel et al., 2014).

After transformation, Boron Nitrides hardness reaches approximately 70 GPa or 3000 HV and a thermal stability up to 2000 °C (Heisel et al., 2014; Uhlmann et al., 2013).
Furthermore, cBN is chemically inert and will not oxidize unless the temperatures exceed 1200 °C.
Currently, the most used cutting materials based on boron nitride can be classified by high cBN-containing and low cBN-containing grades.
High cBN-containing grades consist of 80 to 90% cBN in a metallic W–Co binder phase or ceramic titanium or aluminum based binder phase.

Low cBN-containing grades consist of 45 to 65% cBN and a titanium carbide or titanium nitride based ceramic binder phase (Klocke and König, 2008; Heisel et al., 2014).
Tools containing cBN are preferred for the machining of various materials such as hardened steel, with a hardness of 55 HRC to 68 HRC, sintered metals and cobalt-based superalloys (Klocke and König, 2008).
Compared to diamond, cBN has a significantly lower chemical affinity towards iron or cobalt.
Therefore, Boron Nitride shows higher wear resistance when machining materials consisting of these elements (Marinescu et al., 2006).

boron nitride, (chemical formula BN), synthetically produced crystalline compound of boron and nitrogen, an industrial ceramic material of limited but important application, principally in electrical insulators and cutting tools.
Boron Nitride is made in two crystallographic forms, hexagonal boron nitride (H-BN) and cubic boron nitride (C-BN).

H-BN is prepared by several methods, including the heating of boric oxide (B2O3) with ammonia (NH3).
Boron Nitride is a platy powder consisting, at the molecular level, of sheets of hexagonal rings that slide easily past one another.
This structure, similar to that of the carbon mineral graphite (see the Figure), makes H-BN a soft, lubricious material; unlike graphite, though, H-BN is noted for Boron Nitrides low electric conductivity and high thermal conductivity.
H-BN is frequently molded and then hot-pressed into shapes such as electrical insulators and melting crucibles.
Boron Nitride also can be applied with a liquid binder as a temperature-resistant coating for metallurgical, ceramic, or polymer processing machinery.

C-BN is most often made in the form of small crystals by subjecting H-BN to extremely high pressure (six to nine gigapascals) and temperature (1,500° to 2,000° C, or 2,730° to 3,630° F).
Boron Nitride is second only to diamond in hardness (approaching the maximum of 10 on the Mohs hardness scale) and, like synthetic diamond, is often bonded onto metallic or metallic-ceramic cutting tools for the machining of hard steels.
Owing to Boron Nitrides high oxidation temperature (above 1,900° C, or 3,450° F), Boron Nitride has a much higher working temperature than diamond (which oxidizes above 800° C, or 1,475° F).

Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention.
Never induce vomiting or give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

Skin: Remove contaminated clothing, brush material off skin, wash affected area with soap and water.
Seek medical attention if irritation develops or persists.
Eyes: Flush eyes with lukewarm water, including under upper and lower eyelids, for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation develops or persists.

Most Important Symptoms/Effects, Acute and Delayed:
May cause irritation.
See section 11 for more information.
Indication of Immediate Medical Attention and Special Treatment:
No other relevant information available.

Firefighting Measures of Boron Nitride:
Extinguishing Media: Use suitable extinguishing agent for surrounding materials and type of fire.
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: No information available.
Specific Hazards Arising from the Material: May release toxic fumes if involved in a fire.
Special Protective Equipment and Precautions for Firefighters: Wear full face, self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.

Accidental Relase Measures of Boron Nitride:
Personal Precautions, Protective Equipment, and Emergency Procedures: Wear appropriate respiratory and protective equipment specified.
Isolate spill area and provide ventilation.
Avoid breathing dust or fume.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Methods and Materials for Containment and Cleaning Up: Avoid creating dust.
Scoop or vacuum up spill using a vacuum system equipped with a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration system and place in a properly labeled closed container for further handling and disposal.
Environmental Precautions: Do not allow to enter drains or to be released to the environment.

Handling And Storages of Boron Nitride:
Precautions for Safe Handling: Avoid creating dust.
Provide adequate ventilation if dusts are created.
Avoid breathing dust or fumes.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Wash thoroughly before eating or smoking.
Conditions for Safe Storage: Store in a cool, dry area.
Store material tightly sealed in properly labeled containers.
Do not store together with oxidizers.

Exposure Controls And Personal Protection of Boron Nitride:
Engineering Controls: Ensure adequate ventilation to maintain exposures below occupational limits.
Whenever possible the use of local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls is the preferred method of controlling exposure to airborne dust and fume to meet established occupational exposure limits.
Use good housekeeping and sanitation practices.

Do not use tobacco or food in work area.
Wash thoroughly before eating or smoking.
Do not blow dust off clothing or skin with compressed air.

Individual Protection Measures, Such as Personal Protective Equipment:
Respiratory Protection: Use suitable respirator when high concentrations are present.
Eye Protection: Safety glasses
Skin Protection: Impermeable gloves, protective work clothing as necessary.

Material Advantages of Boron Nitride:

To make solid shapes, hBN powders and binders are hot-pressed in billets up to 490mm x 490mm x 410mm at pressures up to 2000 psi and temperatures up to 2000°C.
This process forms a material that is dense and easily machined and ready to use.
Boron Nitride is available in virtually any custom shape that can be machined and has unique characteristics and physical properties which make Boron Nitride valuable for solving tough problems in a wide range of industrial applications.
Excellent thermal shock resistance
High electrical resistivity – excluding aerosols, paints, and ZSBN
Low density

High thermal conductivity
Anisotropic (thermal conductance is different in different planes relative to pressing direction)
Corrosion resistant

Good chemical inertness
High temperature material
Non-wetting

High dielectric breakdown strength, >40 KV/mm
Low dielectric constant, k=4
Excellent machinability

Significance of Boron Nitride in Composites and Its Applications
Boron nitride (BN) exists in several polymorphic forms such as a-BN, h-BN, t-BN, r-BN, m-BN, o-BN, w-BN, and c-BN phases.
Among them, c-BN and h-BN are the most common ceramic powders used in composites to ensure enhanced material properties.
Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) has exceptional properties such as hardness, strength than relating with other ceramics so that are most commonly used as abrasives and in cutting tool applications.

c-BN possesses the second highest thermal conductivity after diamond and relatively low dielectric constant.
Hence pioneer preliminary research in AMCs proven substitute composites than virgin AA 6061 traditionally used for fins in heat sinks.
Moreover, poly-crystalline c-BN (PCBN) tools are most suitable for various machining tasks due to their unmatch-able mechanical properties.
h-BN also finds Boron Nitrides own unique applications where polymer composites for high temperature applications and sp 3 bonding in extreme temperature and compression conditions.

Structure and Chemistry of 2D Materials of Boron Nitride:
BNNSs can also be exfoliated in liquid phase, known as solution processing.
In 2008, Han et al. sonicated h-BN crystals in an organic solution and yielded one- to few-layer single-crystalline BN.
Subsequently, large-scale solution exfoliation of BNNSs was demonstrated using DMF as the solvent.

Liquid exfoliation can also be carried out in water without using any surfactants or organic molecules.
Choosing an appropriate solvent is crucial for exfoliating BNNSs with desired properties.
Production yield, lateral size, and number of layers can be significantly varied depending on the type of solvent used.

In addition, modifying BNNSs with functional groups can affect the interaction between the solvent and bulk BN, enhancing product quality.
Today, solution exfoliation methods are frequently carried out using mixed solvents and electric fields or microwaves to improve controllability.
Liquid exfoliation is an efficient process to prepare large amounts of BNNSs.
However, controlling the number of h-BN layers is very difficult, and sonication usually reduces the size of BNNS flakes.

Discovery of graphene and beyond
Boron nitride (BN), consisting of boron–nitrogen covalent bonds, was commonly used as a refractory material.
Isoelectronic to sp2 carbon lattice, BN was generally compared with carbon allotropes.

The cubic form of BN (c-BN) has a diamond-like crystalline arrangement and the bulk crystal of h-BN is analogous to graphite crystal.
The 2-D sheets of h-BN are the most stable and soft among Boron Nitrides polymorphs, and bonding in h-BN is similar to that in aromatic compounds, but Boron Nitrides considerably less covalency and higher ionic character make Boron Nitride one of the best proton conductors but also an electrical insulator.
Boron Nitrides thermal conductivity is the highest among all electrical insulators (Fig. 1.7).

Atomically thin h-BN sheets, also called “white graphene” can be synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of molecular precursors, such as ammonia–borate.
Exfoliation of bulk h-BN under suitable conditions was also demonstrated for large-scale applications in coatings and cosmetics including, but not limited to, lipsticks and lip balms.
h-BN is used as a substrate to grow large-area graphene films because of Boron Nitrides low lattice mismatch with graphene (1.7%).

Nanolayers of h-BN display excellent thermal stability, chemical inertness, and high optical transparency, when compared with those of graphene.
In contrast to electronically conductive graphene, h-BN layers are insulators (band gap ~6 eV) because of the absence of the π-electrons and they show fire-retardant abilities.
The layers of h-BN have unusually high proton conduction rates and when combined with high electrical resistance, these could be useful for fuel cell applications.
Hence, inorganic analogues of graphene, such as h-BN, have paved the way to discover atomic layers of other elements with tunable properties and these include transition metal dichalogenides (TMDs) which are described next.

Porous Materials and Nanomaterials of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride (BN) ceramics are resistant to chemical attack and molten metals, have high thermal stability in air, and have anisotropic thermal conductivity that are suitable for widespread use in the fabrication of high-temperature crucibles.
BN can exist as multiple phases, and the hexagonal BN (hBN) phase is stable at room temperature.
hBN is the low-density phase that has been widely used as a heat resistant and electrically insulating material.

The hBN phase has a direct bandgap of 5.97 eV and efficiently emits deep UV light.10,42,43 hBN is isostructural to graphite, displaying expected anisotropic mechanical properties, such as facile cleavage and low hardness.
hBN has greater chemical and thermal stabilities than GaN and AlN, which also hold potential as wide-bandgap materials.
BN has two other forms: one isostructural to the cubic zinc blende structure and the other hexagonal and wurtzite-like.
The two forms, referred to as cBN and wBN, are stable at high pressures and temperatures, but can exist at room temperature in a metastable state.

A turbostratic phase, tBN, has also been characterized.
This structure is semicrystalline and lacks ordering in the third dimension, as Boron Nitride is analogous to turbostratic carbon black.
BN offers the lowest density (2.26 g cm−1) among nonoxide ceramics, and introducing porosity into such materials can benefit high-temperature composites and catalyst supports.
Furthermore, BN ceramics hold potential for applications in corrosive environments that are not suited for oxide ceramics.

Porous BN materials, which can be ordered47, or disordered, are most commonly synthesized using hard templates, such as carbon or silica, and advancing porous BN materials requires further development of synthetic techniques.
Fibers, coatings, and foams cannot be prepared from BN powders, as they are with Si3N4 and SiC.
In the past decade, several synthetic avenues have been explored.

Porous BN has been prepared from polymeric precursors as well-crystallized, regularly grained powder.
A mesoporous BN ceramic comprised of hBN crystallites with sizes between 24 and 45 Å has been synthesized using chemical vapor deposition and mesoporous silica as a hard template.
Another mesoporous hBN with low ordering of the porous texture has been synthesized using carbon templating.

A double nanocasting process via a carbonaceous template as a medium starting from zeolite Y (Faujasite) produced an amorphous BN with bimodal micro- and mesoporosity and a surface area of 570 m2 g−1.
The amorphous nature is attributed to the nanometric confinement within the zeolite pores.
This synthetic process involves coupling chemical vapor deposition and polymeric-derived ceramic routes.

In yet another study, mesoporous BN was obtained using a polymerization method in the presence of surfactants.
A method for acquiring mesoporous tBN with interesting cathodoluminescent behavior has been developed.

Many synthetic techniques of BN employ borane-based molecular precursors that are toxic and expensive.
In an effort to avoid these starting materials, amorphous BN was synthesized by placing B2O3 in a graphite crucible, covering with activated carbon, and heating at 1580 °C under a stream of nitrogen.
An intermediate BxCyNz undergoes further heat treatment in air at 600 °C to produce pure BN with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 167.8 m2 g−1 and an average pore radius of 3.216 nm.

Mesoporous BN can be synthesized by polymerization of a molecular BN precursor, tri(methylamino)borazine (MAB), in a solution of cationic surfactant, cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).
MAB is introduced into a solution of CTAB and then heated at 120 °C to induce polycondensation reactions resulting in a gel.
The solvent is eliminated in vacuo and ceramization is carried out with ammonia at 1000 °C, followed by further thermal treatment.
The resulting BN material has a surface area of 800 m2 g−1 and pores that are 6.0 nm in diameter, with a mesoporosity that is retained up to 1600 °C.
Within the last 10 years, BN with pore diameters ranging from 2.552 to 25 nm51 have been reported.

Abrasives and Abrasive Tools of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride (B4N) is a crystalline material synthesized from boric anhydride and pure low-ash carbon material in electric furnaces at 1,800°C− 2,500°C (3,300°F–4,500°F).
Boron Nitrides hardness is about 3,800 HV and Boron Nitride has a good cutting ability in the form of loose grains.
However, a low oxidation temperature, of 430°C (800°F), prevents the use of boron nitride for grinding wheels.
Boron Nitride is used exclusively in the form of pastes for sintered carbide lapping, or as grit for sandblasting.

Amorphous form (a-BN) of Boron Nitride:
The amorphous form of boron nitride (a-BN) is non-crystalline, lacking any long-distance regularity in the arrangement of Boron Nitrides atoms.
Boron Nitride is analogous to amorphous carbon.

All other forms of boron nitride are crystalline.

Hexagonal form (h-BN) of Boron Nitride:
The most stable crystalline form is the hexagonal one, also called h-BN, α-BN, g-BN, and graphitic boron nitride.
Hexagonal boron nitride (point group = D6h; space group = P63/mmc) has a layered structure similar to graphite.
Within each layer, boron and nitrogen atoms are bound by strong covalent bonds, whereas the layers are held together by weak van der Waals forces.
The interlayer "registry" of these sheets differs, however, from the pattern seen for graphite, because the atoms are eclipsed, with boron atoms lying over and above nitrogen atoms.

This registry reflects the local polarity of the B–N bonds, as well as interlayer N-donor/B-acceptor characteristics.
Likewise, many metastable forms consisting of differently stacked polytypes exist.
Therefore, h-BN and graphite are very close neighbors, and the material can accommodate carbon as a substituent element to form BNCs.
BC6N hybrids have been synthesized, where carbon substitutes for some B and N atoms.

Cubic form (c-BN) of Boron Nitride:
Cubic boron nitride has a crystal structure analogous to that of diamond.
Consistent with diamond being less stable than graphite, the cubic form is less stable than the hexagonal form, but the conversion rate between the two is negligible at room temperature, as Boron Nitride is for diamond.
The cubic form has the sphalerite crystal structure, the same as that of diamond (with ordered B and N atoms), and is also called β-BN or c-BN.

Wurtzite form (w-BN) of Boron Nitride:
The wurtzite form of boron nitride (w-BN; point group = C6v; space group = P63mc) has the same structure as lonsdaleite, a rare hexagonal polymorph of carbon.
As in the cubic form, the boron and nitrogen atoms are grouped into tetrahedra.

In the wurtzite form, the boron and nitrogen atoms are grouped into 6-membered rings.
In the cubic form all rings are in the chair configuration, whereas in w-BN the rings between 'layers' are in boat configuration.
Earlier optimistic reports predicted that the wurtzite form was very strong, and was estimated by a simulation as potentially having a strength 18% stronger than that of diamond.
Since only small amounts of the mineral exist in nature, this has not yet been experimentally verified.
Recent studies measured w-BN hardness at 46 GPa, slightly harder than commercial borides but softer than the cubic form of boron nitride.

Properties of Boron Nitride:
The substance is composed of hexagonal structures that appear in crystalline form and is usually compared to graphite.
Boron Nitride may come in the form of a flat lattice or a cubic structure, both of which retain the chemical and heat resistance that boron nitride is known for.

Heat and chemical resistance: The compound has a melting point of 2,973°C and a thermal expansion coefficient significantly above that of diamond.
Its hexagonal form resists decomposition even when exposed to 1000°C in ambient air.
Boron nitride doesn’t dissolve in common acids.

Thermal conductivity: At 1700 to 2000 W/mK, boron nitride has a thermal conductivity that is comparable with that of graphene, a similarly hexagon-latticed compound but made up of carbon atoms.
Lubricating property: Boron nitride has the ability to boost the coefficient of friction of lubricating oil, while reducing the potential for wear.
Density: Depending on Boron Nitrides form, Boron Nitrides density ranges from 2.1 to 3.5 g/cm3.

Physical of Boron Nitride:
The partly ionic structure of BN layers in h-BN reduces covalency and electrical conductivity, whereas the interlayer interaction increases resulting in higher hardness of h-BN relative to graphite.
The reduced electron-delocalization in hexagonal-BN is also indicated by Boron Nitrides absence of color and a large band gap.
Very different bonding – strong covalent within the basal planes (planes where boron and nitrogen atoms are covalently bonded) and weak between them – causes high anisotropy of most properties of h-BN.

For example, the hardness, electrical and thermal conductivity are much higher within the planes than perpendicular to them.
On the contrary, the properties of c-BN and w-BN are more homogeneous and isotropic.

Those materials are extremely hard, with the hardness of bulk c-BN being slightly smaller and w-BN even higher than that of diamond.
Polycrystalline c-BN with grain sizes on the order of 10 nm is also reported to have Vickers hardness comparable or higher than diamond.
Because of much better stability to heat and transition metals, c-BN surpasses diamond in mechanical applications, such as machining steel.
The thermal conductivity of BN is among the highest of all electric insulators (see table).

Boron nitride can be doped p-type with beryllium and n-type with boron, sulfur, silicon or if co-doped with carbon and nitrogen.
Both hexagonal and cubic BN are wide-gap semiconductors with a band-gap energy corresponding to the UV region.
If voltage is applied to h-BN or c-BN, then Boron Nitride emits UV light in the range 215–250 nm and therefore can potentially be used as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or lasers.

Little is known on melting behavior of boron nitride.
Boron Nitride sublimates at 2973 °C at normal pressure releasing nitrogen gas and boron, but melts at elevated pressure.

Thermal stability of Boron Nitride:
Hexagonal and cubic BN (and probably w-BN) show remarkable chemical and thermal stabilities.
For example, h-BN is stable to decomposition at temperatures up to 1000 °C in air, 1400 °C in vacuum, and 2800 °C in an inert atmosphere.

Thermal stability of c-BN can be summarized as follows:
In air or oxygen: B2O3 protective layer prevents further oxidation to ~1300 °C; no conversion to hexagonal form at 1400 °C.
In nitrogen: some conversion to h-BN at 1525 °C after 12 h.
In vacuum (10−5 Pa): conversion to h-BN at 1550–1600 °C.

Chemical stability of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride is insoluble in the usual acids, but is soluble in alkaline molten salts and nitrides, such as LiOH, KOH, NaOH-Na2CO3, NaNO3, Li3N, Mg3N2, Sr3N2, Ba3N2 or Li3BN2, which are therefore used to etch BN.

Thermal conductivity of Boron Nitride:
The theoretical thermal conductivity of hexagonal boron nitride nanoribbons (BNNRs) can approach 1700–2000 W/(m⋅K), which has the same order of magnitude as the experimental measured value for graphene, and can be comparable to the theoretical calculations for graphene nanoribbons.
Moreover, the thermal transport in the BNNRs is anisotropic.
The thermal conductivity of zigzag-edged BNNRs is about 20% larger than that of armchair-edged nanoribbons at room temperature.

Natural occurrence of Boron Nitride:
In 2009, a naturally occurring boron nitride mineral in the cubic form (c-BN) was reported in Tibet, and the name qingsongite proposed.
The substance was found in dispersed micron-sized inclusions in chromium-rich rocks.
In 2013, the International Mineralogical Association affirmed the mineral and the name.

Properties & Production of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride (BN) is produced synthetically by the reaction of boric acid or boron oxide and nitrogen in the air.
Boron nitride uses are vast because of Boron Nitrides unique properties, such as good thermal shock resistance, non-toxicity, high thermal conductivity, chemical inertness, etc.
Boron Nitride also has a very high melting point (2,973°C).

BN is a chemical compound with an equal number of boron and nitrogen, possessing different properties than other atomic molecules (carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen chloride (HCI)), in that Boron Nitride has much to do with carbon.
And just like carbon, BN exists in crystalline forms, which are Hexagonal boron nitride, cubic boron nitride, and wurtzite boron nitride.
Boron Nitride can be adapted into different shapes (bars, rods, and plates), different forms (powder, solid-liquid, aerosol spray forms), and the grades vary as well (A, AX, 05, HP, M, and M26).

Among all crystalline forms of boron nitride, the most common phases are hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), which comes in a graphite-like structure, and cubic boron nitride (c-BN), which has a diamond-like structure.
Having established a clear definition of boron nitride, let’s go to the different forms of boron nitride, and their uses.

Synthesis of Boron Nitride:
Preparation and reactivity of hexagonal BN
Boron nitride is produced synthetically.

Hexagonal boron nitride is obtained by the reacting boron trioxide (B2O3) or boric acid (H3BO3) with ammonia (NH3) or urea (CO(NH2)2) in a nitrogen atmosphere:[28]
B2O3 + 2 NH3 → 2 BN + 3 H2O (T = 900 °C)
B(OH)3 + NH3 → BN + 3 H2O (T = 900 °C)
B2O3 + CO(NH2)2 → 2 BN + CO2 + 2 H2O (T > 1000 °C)
B2O3 + 3 CaB6 + 10 N2 → 20 BN + 3 CaO (T > 1500 °C)

The resulting disordered (amorphous) boron nitride contains 92–95% BN and 5–8% B2O3.
The remaining B2O3 can be evaporated in a second step at temperatures > 1500 °C in order to achieve BN concentration >98%.
Such annealing also crystallizes BN, the size of the crystallites increasing with the annealing temperature.

BN parts can be fabricated inexpensively by hot-pressing with subsequent machining.
The parts are made from boron nitride powders adding boron oxide for better compressibility.
Thin films of boron nitride can be obtained by chemical vapor deposition from boron trichloride and nitrogen precursors.
Combustion of boron powder in nitrogen plasma at 5500 °C yields ultrafine boron nitride used for lubricants and toners.

Boron nitride reacts with iodine fluoride in trichlorofluoromethane at −30 °C to produce an extremely sensitive contact explosive, NI3, in low yield.
Boron nitride reacts with nitrides of lithium, alkaline earth metals and lanthanides to form nitridoborate compounds.
For example:
Li3N + BN → Li3BN2

Intercalation of hexagonal BN
Similar to graphite, various molecules, such as NH3 or alkali metals, can be intercalated into hexagonal boron nitride, that is inserted between Boron Nitrides layers.
Both experiment and theory suggest the intercalation is much more difficult for BN than for graphite.

Preparation of cubic BN
Synthesis of c-BN uses same methods as that of diamond: cubic boron nitride is produced by treating hexagonal boron nitride at high pressure and temperature, much as synthetic diamond is produced from graphite.
Direct conversion of hexagonal boron nitride to the cubic form has been observed at pressures between 5 and 18 GPa and temperatures between 1730 and 3230 °C, that is similar parameters as for direct graphite-diamond conversion.
The addition of a small amount of boron oxide can lower the required pressure to 4–7 GPa and temperature to 1500 °C.

As in diamond synthesis, to further reduce the conversion pressures and temperatures, a catalyst is added, such as lithium, potassium, or magnesium, their nitrides, their fluoronitrides, water with ammonium compounds, or hydrazine.
Other industrial synthesis methods, again borrowed from diamond growth, use crystal growth in a temperature gradient, or explosive shock wave.
The shock wave method is used to produce material called heterodiamond, a superhard compound of boron, carbon, and nitrogen.

Low-pressure deposition of thin films of cubic boron nitride is possible.
As in diamond growth, the major problem is to suppress the growth of hexagonal phases (h-BN or graphite, respectively).
Whereas in diamond growth this is achieved by adding hydrogen gas, boron trifluoride is used for c-BN.
Ion beam deposition, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, pulsed laser deposition, reactive sputtering, and other physical vapor deposition methods are used as well.

Preparation of wurtzite BN
Wurtzite BN can be obtained via static high-pressure or dynamic shock methods.
The limits of Boron Nitrides stability are not well defined.
Both c-BN and w-BN are formed by compressing h-BN, but formation of w-BN occurs at much lower temperatures close to 1700 °C.

Production statistics of Boron Nitride:
Whereas the production and consumption figures for the raw materials used for BN synthesis, namely boric acid and boron trioxide, are well known (see boron), the corresponding numbers for the boron nitride are not listed in statistical reports.
An estimate for the 1999 world production is 300 to 350 metric tons.
The major producers and consumers of BN are located in the United States, Japan, China and Germany.
In 2000, prices varied from about $75–120/kg for standard industrial-quality h-BN and were about up to $200–400/kg for high purity BN grades.

Applications of Boron Nitride:

Boron Nitride Coating
Hexagonal boron nitride suspension has a high thermal conductivity.
Boron Nitride is not impregnated with molten metals and can be applied directly to the surface requiring protection, even if the surface is already hot.
Boron Nitride remains consistent at high temperatures and inert to metals, glass or molten salts.

This system is unique in Boron Nitrides properties, making Boron Nitride an ideal lubricant for hot parts and tools.
Boron Nitride is a release agent and an effective coating for all very hot materials.
Boron nitride remains effective up to 800°C in air and 1950°C in inert gas, making Boron Nitride a very good dry lubricant.
Boron Nitrides amazing features and ease of use have earned Boron Nitride the nickname "white graphite".

Specifications of Boron Nitride Coating:
High-temperature lubricant (1950°C)
High-temperature release agent
Protective coating for metals, ceramics, ceramic fibres and graphites

Facilitates casting of molten metals (aluminium, magnesium, zinc and lead)
Facilitates sliding of press tools at very high temperatures
Aerosol packaging for easy and universal use
Boron nitride (BN) is a semiconductor at high temperatures and an insulation at room temperature.

Usage of Boron Nitride Coating:
Clean the surfaces being coated, removing all splashes from melting or welding work
Shake the aerosol well

Spray about 70 cm from the surface being treated
Move the spray slowly and evenly
Apply in thin layers; if they are too thick the coat may crack
Boron Nitride is advisable to overlay several thin layers, waiting for each one to dry before applying the next

Thermocouple and probe protection
Protection for casting tools
High-temperature lubricant: foundry moulds, gasket wire drawing and more

Electrical insulation
Additive for silicone and resin to improve thermal conductivity
Release agent (metallurgy, metallisation industry, plastic injection moulds and more)

Protective layer for sintering and other applications
Coating to reduce friction and increase chemical inertness
BN 1012 is available as an aerosol or in a plastic bottle (5 and 10 litres)

Electrical insulators
The combination of high dielectric breakdown strength and volume resistivity lead to h-BN being used as an electrical insulator however Boron Nitrides’ tendency to oxidise at high temperatures often restrict Boron Nitrides use to vacuum and inert atmosphere operation.

Crucibles and reaction vessles
Boron Nitrides chemical inertness leads to application as thermocouple protection sheaths, crucibles and linings for reaction vessels though as above oxidation must be avoided.

Moulds and evaporating boats
h-BN is used in bulk form or as a coating for refractory moulds used in glass forming and in superplastic forming of titanium.
Boron Nitride is also used as a constituent in composite materials e.g. TiB2/BN composites for metal evaporation boats, and Si3N4/BN for break rings in continuous casting of steel.

Hot isostatic pressing
Boron Nitrides refractoriness combined with the fact that Boron Nitride is not wetted by molten glass lead to h-BN being used in the production of hot isostatically pressed (HIP’ed) material, most notable ceramics.
In this application preformed parts are coated in h-BN prior to glass encapsulation and HIP’ing.
This protects the part being HIP’ed from actually coming into contact with the glass, which in turn makes Boron Nitride easier to remove after HIP’ing.

Machine cutting tools and abrasives
Cutting tools and abrasive components particularly for use with low carbon ferrous metals have been developed using C-BN.
In this application the tools behave in a similar manner to polycrystalline diamond tools but can be used on iron and low carbon alloys without risk of reaction.

Substrates for electronic devices
C-BN is used for substrates for mounting high density and high power electronic components where the high thermal conductivity achieved allows efficient heat dissipation.

Wear resistant coatings
Due to Boron Nitrides high hardness and excellent wear resistant properties, coatings of C-BN have been developed.

Lubricant of Boron Nitride:
The hexagonal form of boron nitride is used as lubricant for paints, cosmetics, pencil lead, and cement for dental applications.
Boron Nitrides lubricating property occurs even in the absence of gas or water molecules within the compound layers, thereby making Boron Nitride a good component for vacuum systems.
Compared to graphite, BN has significantly better chemical stability and electrical conductivity.

Equipment in high-heat environments
Boron Nitrides exceptional resistance to heat lends the compound to a wide variety of applications involving extremely high temperatures.
Hexagonal boron nitride is being used to improve the lubricating properties of rubber, plastic, alloys, and ceramics.

In the case of plastics, inclusion of a BN component provides lower thermal expansion.
Boron Nitride may also be integrated into semiconductor substrates and microwave oven windows.
Boron nitride is an effective component of reaction vessels and crucibles because of Boron Nitrides thermochemical properties.

Semiconductor industry
With a bandgap ranging from 4.5 to 6.4 eV, boron nitride is an excellent wide-gap semiconductor material.
Boron Nitrides intrinsic thermal and dielectric properties make Boron Nitride a suitable substrate in developing metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and semiconductors.

Abrasive and cutting implements
Due to the physical properties of cubic boron nitride, this polymorph is used as abrasive material for nickel, iron, and selected alloys in conditions where diamond was not found to be suitable (such as under extreme heat).
Boron Nitrides cubic BN form is incorporated in cutting-tool bits and grinding equipment.

Hexagonal BN
Hexagonal BN (h-BN) is the most widely used polymorph.
Boron Nitride is a good lubricant at both low and high temperatures (up to 900 °C, even in an oxidizing atmosphere).
h-BN lubricant is particularly useful when the electrical conductivity or chemical reactivity of graphite (alternative lubricant) would be problematic.
In internal combustion engines, where graphite could be oxidized and turn into carbon sludge, h-BN with Boron Nitrides superior thermal stability can be added to engine lubricant, however, with all nano-particles suspension, Brownian-motion settlement is a key problem and settlement can clog engine oil filters, which limits solid lubricants application in a combustion engine to only automotive race settings, where engine re-building is a common practice.

Since carbon has appreciable solubility in certain alloys (such as steels), which may lead to degradation of properties, BN is often superior for high temperature and/or high pressure applications.
Another advantage of h-BN over graphite is that Boron Nitrides lubricity does not require water or gas molecules trapped between the layers.
Therefore, h-BN lubricants can be used even in vacuum, e.g. in space applications.
The lubricating properties of fine-grained h-BN are used in cosmetics, paints, dental cements, and pencil leads.

Hexagonal BN was first used in cosmetics around 1940 in Japan.
However, because of Boron Nitrides high price, h-BN was soon abandoned for this application.
Boron Nitrides use was revitalized in the late 1990s with the optimization h-BN production processes, and currently h-BN is used by nearly all leading producers of cosmetic products for foundations, make-up, eye shadows, blushers, kohl pencils, lipsticks and other skincare products.

Because of Boron Nitrides excellent thermal and chemical stability, boron nitride ceramics are traditionally used as parts of high-temperature equipment.
h-BN can be included in ceramics, alloys, resins, plastics, rubbers, and other materials, giving them self-lubricating properties.
Such materials are suitable for construction of e.g. bearings and in steelmaking.

Plastics filled with BN have less thermal expansion as well as higher thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity.
Due to Boron Nitrides excellent dielectric and thermal properties, BN is used in electronics e.g. as a substrate for semiconductors, microwave-transparent windows, as a heat conductive yet electrically insulating filler in thermal pastes, and as a structural material for seals.
Many quantum devices use multilayer h-BN as a substrate material.
Boron Nitride can also be used as a dielectric in resistive random access memories.

Hexagonal BN is used in xerographic process and laser printers as a charge leakage barrier layer of the photo drum.
In the automotive industry, h-BN mixed with a binder (boron oxide) is used for sealing oxygen sensors, which provide feedback for adjusting fuel flow.
The binder utilizes the unique temperature stability and insulating properties of h-BN.

Parts can be made by hot pressing from four commercial grades of h-BN.
Grade HBN contains a boron oxide binder; Boron Nitride is usable up to 550–850 °C in oxidizing atmosphere and up to 1600 °C in vacuum, but due to the boron oxide content is sensitive to water.
Grade HBR uses a calcium borate binder and is usable at 1600 °C.
Grades HBC and HBT contain no binder and can be used up to 3000 °C.

Boron nitride nanosheets (h-BN) can be deposited by catalytic decomposition of borazine at a temperature ~1100 °C in a chemical vapor deposition setup, over areas up to about 10 cm2.
Owing to their hexagonal atomic structure, small lattice mismatch with graphene (~2%), and high uniformity they are used as substrates for graphene-based devices.
BN nanosheets are also excellent proton conductors.
Their high proton transport rate, combined with the high electrical resistance, may lead to applications in fuel cells and water electrolysis.

BN has been used since the mid-2000s as a bullet and bore lubricant in precision target rifle applications as an alternative to molybdenum disulfide coating, commonly referred to as "moly".
Boron Nitride is claimed to increase effective barrel life, increase intervals between bore cleaning, and decrease the deviation in point of impact between clean bore first shots and subsequent shots.

Cubic BN of Boron Nitride:
Cubic boron nitride (CBN or c-BN) is widely used as an abrasive.
Boron Nitrides usefulness arises from Boron Nitrides insolubility in iron, nickel, and related alloys at high temperatures, whereas diamond is soluble in these metals.
Polycrystalline c-BN (PCBN) abrasives are therefore used for machining steel, whereas diamond abrasives are preferred for aluminum alloys, ceramics, and stone.
When in contact with oxygen at high temperatures, BN forms a passivation layer of boron oxide.

Boron nitride binds well with metals, due to formation of interlayers of metal borides or nitrides.
Materials with cubic boron nitride crystals are often used in the tool bits of cutting tools.
For grinding applications, softer binders, e.g. resin, porous ceramics, and soft metals, are used.
Ceramic binders can be used as well.
Commercial products are known under names "Borazon" (by Hyperion Materials & Technologies), and "Elbor" or "Cubonite" (by Russian vendors).

Contrary to diamond, large c-BN pellets can be produced in a simple process (called sintering) of annealing c-BN powders in nitrogen flow at temperatures slightly below the BN decomposition temperature.
This ability of c-BN and h-BN powders to fuse allows cheap production of large BN parts.

Similar to diamond, the combination in c-BN of highest thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity is ideal for heat spreaders.
As cubic boron nitride consists of light atoms and is very robust chemically and mechanically, Boron Nitride is one of the popular materials for X-ray membranes: low mass results in small X-ray absorption, and good mechanical properties allow usage of thin membranes, thus further reducing the absorption.

Amorphous BN of Boron Nitride:
Layers of amorphous boron nitride (a-BN) are used in some semiconductor devices, e.g. MOSFETs.
They can be prepared by chemical decomposition of trichloroborazine with caesium, or by thermal chemical vapor deposition methods.
Thermal CVD can be also used for deposition of h-BN layers, or at high temperatures, c-BN.

Other forms of boron nitride

Atomically thin boron nitride
Hexagonal boron nitride can be exfoliated to mono or few atomic layer sheets.
Due to Boron Nitrides analogous structure to that of graphene, atomically thin boron nitride is sometimes called white graphene.

Mechanical properties of Boron Nitride:
Atomically thin boron nitride is one of the strongest electrically insulating materials.
Monolayer boron nitride has an average Young's modulus of 0.865TPa and fracture strength of 70.5GPa, and in contrast to graphene, whose strength decreases dramatically with increased thickness, few-layer boron nitride sheets have a strength similar to that of monolayer boron nitride.

Thermal conductivity of Boron Nitride:
Atomically thin boron nitride has one of the highest thermal conductivity coefficients (751 W/mK at room temperature) among semiconductors and electrical insulators, and Boron Nitrides thermal conductivity increases with reduced thickness due to less intra-layer coupling.

Thermal stability of Boron Nitride:
The air stability of graphene shows a clear thickness dependence: monolayer graphene is reactive to oxygen at 250 °C, strongly doped at 300 °C, and etched at 450 °C; in contrast, bulk graphite is not oxidized until 800 °C.
Atomically thin boron nitride has much better oxidation resistance than graphene.
Monolayer boron nitride is not oxidized till 700 °C and can sustain up to 850 °C in air; bilayer and trilayer boron nitride nanosheets have slightly higher oxidation starting temperatures.
The excellent thermal stability, high impermeability to gas and liquid, and electrical insulation make atomically thin boron nitride potential coating materials for preventing surface oxidation and corrosion of metals and other two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as black phosphorus.

Better surface adsorption of Boron Nitride:
Atomically thin boron nitride has been found to have better surface adsorption capabilities than bulk hexagonal boron nitride.
According to theoretical and experimental studies, atomically thin boron nitride as an adsorbent experiences conformational changes upon surface adsorption of molecules, increasing adsorption energy and efficiency.
The synergic effect of the atomic thickness, high flexibility, stronger surface adsorption capability, electrical insulation, impermeability, high thermal and chemical stability of BN nanosheets can increase the Raman sensitivity by up to two orders, and in the meantime attain long-term stability and extraordinary reusability not achievable by other materials.

Dielectric properties of Boron Nitride:
Atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride is an excellent dielectric substrate for graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and many other 2D material-based electronic and photonic devices.
As shown by electric force microscopy (EFM) studies, the electric field screening in atomically thin boron nitride shows a weak dependence on thickness, which is in line with the smooth decay of electric field inside few-layer boron nitride revealed by the first-principles calculations.

Raman characteristics of Boron Nitride:
Raman spectroscopy has been a useful tool to study a variety of 2D materials, and the Raman signature of high-quality atomically thin boron nitride was first reported by Gorbachev et al. in 2011. and Li et al.
However, the two reported Raman results of monolayer boron nitride did not agree with each other.

Cai et al., therefore, conducted systematic experimental and theoretical studies to reveal the intrinsic Raman spectrum of atomically thin boron nitride.
Boron Nitride reveals that atomically thin boron nitride without interaction with a substrate has a G band frequency similar to that of bulk hexagonal boron nitride, but strain induced by the substrate can cause Raman shifts.
Nevertheless, the Raman intensity of G band of atomically thin boron nitride can be used to estimate layer thickness and sample quality.

Boron nitride nanomesh
Boron nitride nanomesh is a nanostructured two-dimensional material.
Boron Nitride consists of a single BN layer, which forms by self-assembly a highly regular mesh after high-temperature exposure of a clean rhodium or ruthenium surface to borazine under ultra-high vacuum.

The nanomesh looks like an assembly of hexagonal pores.
The distance between two pore centers is 3.2 nm and the pore diameter is ~2 nm.
Other terms for this material are boronitrene or white graphene.

The boron nitride nanomesh is not only stable to decomposition under vacuum, air and some liquids, but also up to temperatures of 800 °C.
In addition, Boron Nitride shows the extraordinary ability to trap molecules and metallic clusters which have similar sizes to the nanomesh pores, forming a well-ordered array.
These characteristics promise interesting applications of the nanomesh in areas like catalysis, surface functionalisation, spintronics, quantum computing and data storage media like hard drives.

Boron nitride nanotubes
Boron nitride tubules were first made in 1989 by Shore and Dolan This work was patented in 1989 and published in 1989 thesis (Dolan) and then 1993 Science.
The 1989 work was also the first preparation of amorphous BN by B-trichloroborazine and cesium metal.

Boron nitride nanotubes were predicted in 1994 and experimentally discovered in 1995.
They can be imagined as a rolled up sheet of h-boron nitride.
Structurally, Boron Nitride is a close analog of the carbon nanotube, namely a long cylinder with diameter of several to hundred nanometers and length of many micrometers, except carbon atoms are alternately substituted by nitrogen and boron atoms.
However, the properties of BN nanotubes are very different: whereas carbon nanotubes can be metallic or semiconducting depending on the rolling direction and radius, a BN nanotube is an electrical insulator with a bandgap of ~5.5 eV, basically independent of tube chirality and morphology.
In addition, a layered BN structure is much more thermally and chemically stable than a graphitic carbon structure.

Boron nitride aerogel
Boron nitride aerogel is an aerogel made of highly porous BN.
Boron Nitride typically consists of a mixture of deformed BN nanotubes and nanosheets.

Boron Nitride can have a density as low as 0.6 mg/cm3 and a specific surface area as high as 1050 m2/g, and therefore has potential applications as an absorbent, catalyst support and gas storage medium.
BN aerogels are highly hydrophobic and can absorb up to 160 times their weight in oil.
They are resistant to oxidation in air at temperatures up to 1200 °C, and hence can be reused after the absorbed oil is burned out by flame.
BN aerogels can be prepared by template-assisted chemical vapor deposition using borazine as the feed gas.

Composites containing BN
Addition of boron nitride to silicon nitride ceramics improves the thermal shock resistance of the resulting material.
For the same purpose, BN is added also to silicon nitride-alumina and titanium nitride-alumina ceramics.
Other materials being reinforced with BN include alumina and zirconia, borosilicate glasses, glass ceramics, enamels, and composite ceramics with titanium boride-boron nitride, titanium boride-aluminium nitride-boron nitride, and silicon carbide-boron nitride composition.

Health issues of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride (along with Si3N4, NbN, and BNC) is reported to show weak fibrogenic activity, and to cause pneumoconiosis when inhaled in particulate form.
The maximum concentration recommended for nitrides of nonmetals is 10 mg/m3 for BN and 4 for AlN or ZrN.

Identifiers of Boron Nitride:
CAS Number: 10043-11-5
ChEBI: CHEBI:50883
ECHA InfoCard: 100.030.111
EC Number: 233-136-6
Gmelin Reference: 216
MeSH: Elbor
RTECS number: ED7800000
UNII: 2U4T60A6YD
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5051498
InChI:
InChI=1S/BN/c1-2
Key: PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/B2N2/c1-3-2-4-1
Key: AMPXHBZZESCUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/B3N3/c1-4-2-6-3-5-1
Key: WHDCVGLBMWOYDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/BN/c1-2
Key: PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYAL
SMILES:
Hexagonal (graphite) structure: [BH-]1=[nH+][B-]2=[nH+][BH-]=[n+]3[BH-]=[nH+][B-]4=[nH+][BH-]=[n+]5[BH-]=[nH+][B-]6=[nH+][BH-]=[n+]1[B-]7=[n+]2[B-]3=[n+]4[B-]5=[n+]67
Sphalerite structure: [NH+]12[B-][NH+]3[B-][NH+]([BH-]14)[BH-]1[N+]5([BH-]38)[B-]26[NH+]2[BH-]([N+]4)[NH+]1[B-][NH+]3[BH-]2[N+][BH-]([NH+]6[BH-]([NH+])[NH+]68)[NH+]([B-]6)[BH-]35
Wurtzite structure: [N+]7[BH-]2[N+][BH-]3[NH+]8[BH-]4[N+][BH-]5[N+][B-]78[N+]90[B-][NH+]5[B-][NH+]4[BH-]9[NH+]3[B-][NH+]2[B-]0

Molecular Weight: 24.82
Appearance: solid
Melting Point: 2527 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 1.9 to 2.1 g/cm3
True Density: 2.29 g/cm3
Size Range: N/A
Average Particle Size: 10 - 100 nm
Specific Surface Area: 10 – 75 m2/g
Morphology: Cubic or hexagonal
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Crystal Phase / Structure: N/A
Electrical Resistivity: 13 to 15 10x Ω-m
Poisson's Ratio: 0.11
Specific Heat: 840 to 1610 J/kg-K
Thermal Conductivity: 29 to 96 W/m-K
Thermal Expansion: 0.54 to 18 µm/m-K
Young's Modulus: 14 to 60 GPa

Properties of Boron Nitride:
Molecular Weight: .82
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 25.0123792
Monoisotopic Mass: 25.0123792
Topological Polar Surface Area: 23.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 2
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 10
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Chemical formula: BN
Molar mass: 24.82 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless crystals
Density: 2.1 g/cm3 (h-BN); 3.45 g/cm3 (c-BN)
Melting point: 2,973 °C (5,383 °F; 3,246 K) sublimates (c-BN)
Solubility in water: Insoluble
Electron mobility: 200 cm2/(V·s) (c-BN)
Refractive index (nD): 1.8 (h-BN); 2.1 (c-BN)

Structure of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride exists in multiple forms that differ in the arrangement of the boron and nitrogen atoms, giving rise to varying bulk properties of the material.

Crystal structure of Boron Nitride:
Hexagonal, sphalerite, wurtzite

Thermochemistry of Boron Nitride:
Heat capacity (C): 19.7 J/(K·mol)
Std molar entropy (So298): 14.8 J/K mol
Std enthalpy offormation (ΔfH⦵298): −254.4 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚): −228.4 kJ/mol

Names of Boron Nitride:

IUPAC name of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride

Synonyms of Boron Nitride:
Boron nitride
10043-11-5
Elbor
azanylidyneborane
Boron nitride (BN)
Denka boron nitride GP
Boron Nitride Nanotubes
MFCD00011317
BN
Borazon
Elboron
Kubonit
Boron Nitride dispersion
Wurzin
Boron nitride, low binder
Geksanit R
Hexanite R
Boron mononitride
Hexanit R
Super mighty M
Kubonit KR
Hexagonal boron nitride ink
Elbor R
Denka GP
Elbor RM
Sho BN
UHP-Ex
Sho BN HPS
SP 1 (Nitride)
BN 40SHP
KBN-H10
Elbor LO 10B1-100
BZN 550
EINECS 233-136-6
UNII-2U4T60A6YD
Bornitrid
nitrure de bore
nitruro de boro
Nano Boron Nitride
Boron nitride paste
Boron Nitride Nanopowder
Boron Nitride Micropowder
Boron Nitride NanoBarbs?
Boron Nitride Nanoparticles
EC 233-136-6
Hexagonal Boron Nitride Powder
[BN]
2U4T60A6YD
Boron Nitride Sputtering Target
DTXSID5051498
Nano Boron Nitride Nanoparticles
CHEBI:50883
Boron Nitride Powder, 99% Nano
Boron Nitride Nanotubes Properties
Boron Nitride Nanoparticle Dispersion
AKOS015833702
Boron nitride BN GRADE C (H?gan?s)
Boron nitride, Aerosol Refractory Paint
Boron nitride, powder, ~1 mum, 98%
Boron nitride BN GRADE A 01 (H?gan?s)
Boron nitride BN GRADE B 50 (H?gan?s)
Boron nitride BN GRADE F 15 (H?gan?s)
FT-0623177
Y1456
Boron Nitride Nanotubes (B) Bamboo structure
LUBRIFORM? Boron Nitride BN 10 (H?gan?s)
LUBRIFORM? Boron Nitride BN 15 (H?gan?s)
Boron Nitride (hBN) Aerosol Spray (13Oz/369g)
Boron Nitride Nanotubes (C) Cylindrical structure
Q410193
Boron nitride, Refractory Brushable Paint, BN 10%
Boron nitride, Refractory Brushable Paint, BN 31%
J-000130
Boron nitride, nanoplatelet, lateral dimensions Tantalum Molybdenum (Ta-Mo) Alloy Sputtering Targets
Boron Nitride Rod,Diameter (mm), 12.7,Length (mm), 300
Boron Nitride Rod,Diameter (mm), 6.4,Length (mm), 300
Boron nitride, ERM(R) certified Reference Material, powder
Boron Nitride Bar,Length (mm), 300,Width (mm), 12.7,Height (mm), 12.7
Boron Nitride Bar,Length (mm), 300,Width (mm), 6.4,Height (mm), 6.4
Boron Nitride Rectangular Plate,Length (mm), 125,Width (mm), 125,Thick (mm), 12.7
Boron Nitride Rectangular Plate,Length (mm), 125,Width (mm), 125,Thick (mm), 6.4
Boron nitride sputtering target, 76.2mm (3.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.125in) thick
Boron nitride, nanopowder,
Boron nitride
10043-11-5 [RN]
158535-02-5 [RN]
174847-14-4 [RN]
Borane, nitrilo- [ACD/Index Name]
Boron nitride (B12N12)
Boron nitride (B3N3)
Nitriloboran [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Nitriloborane [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Nitriloborane [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
165390-92-1 [RN]
233-136-6 [EINECS]
54824-38-3 [RN]
56939-87-8 [RN]
58799-13-6 [RN]
60569-72-4 [RN]
69495-08-5 [RN]
78666-05-4 [RN]
azanylidyneborane
BN 40SHP
BNNT
Borazon
Bornitrid
Boron mononitride
Boron nitride (BN)
Boron nitride BN GRADE A 01 (Höganäs)
Boron nitride BN GRADE B 50 (Höganäs)
Boron nitride BN GRADE C (Höganäs)
Boron nitride BN GRADE F 15 (Höganäs)
Boron Nitride dispersion
Boron Nitride NanoBarbsâ„¢
Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Boron nitride paste
Boron Nitride Powder, 99% Nano
Boron nitrite
boronnitride
Denka boron nitride GP
Denka GP
Elbor
Elbor LO 10B1-100
Elbor R
Elbor RM
Elboron
Geksanit R
Hexagonal boron nitride ink
Hexanit R
Hexanite R
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:50883
KBN-H10
Kubonit
Kubonit KR
MFCD00011317 [MDL number]
Multiwalled boron nitride nanotubes
nitrure de bore
nitruro de boro
Sho BN
Sho BN HPS
SP 1
SP 1 (Nitride)
Super mighty M
UHP-Ex
Wurzin

MeSH of Boron Nitride:
boron nitride
elbor
Boron nitride
arlacel 985 brij 72 brij S2 hetoxol STA-2 lipocol S-2 nikkol BS-2 2- octadecoxyethanol (peg-2) peg-2 stearyl ether poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- (2 mol EO average molar ratio) polyethylene glycol (2) stearyl ether polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl alcohol ether polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether tego alkanol S 2 P cas:9005-00-9
BOSWELLIA SERRATA EXTRACT

Boswellia Serrata Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the resin of the Boswellia serrata tree, known for its potent anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is recognized for its ability to reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and promote skin healing, making it a valuable addition to skincare and wellness formulations.
This versatile extract offers both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits, helping to maintain healthy, calm, and rejuvenated skin.

CAS Number: 631-69-6
EC Number: 293-888-1

Synonyms: Boswellia Serrata Extract, Indian Frankincense Extract, Olibanum Extract, Salai Guggul Extract, Boswellia Extract, Frankincense Extract, Boswellia Resin Extract, Boswellia Gum Extract, Boswellic Acid Extract, Boswellia Phytoextract, Boswellia Phytocomplex, Indian Olibanum Extract, Boswellia Active, Boswellia Bioactive Extract, Indian Gum Olibanum Extract, Indian Frankincense Resin Extract, Boswellia Herbal Extract



APPLICATIONS


Boswellia Serrata Extract is extensively used in the formulation of anti-inflammatory creams, providing relief for irritated, inflamed, or sensitive skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is favored in the creation of calming serums, where it helps to reduce redness, soothe the skin, and provide anti-inflammatory benefits.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is utilized in the development of moisturizing creams, offering hydration and anti-inflammatory protection for dry and sensitive skin.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is widely used in the production of wellness creams, where it helps to soothe inflamed skin and reduce discomfort.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is employed in the formulation of targeted treatments for acne-prone skin, helping to reduce inflammation and prevent breakouts.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is essential in the creation of anti-aging products, offering both soothing and antioxidant benefits that promote skin health and longevity.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is utilized in the production of scalp treatments, providing anti-inflammatory and soothing care for sensitive and irritated scalps.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is a key ingredient in the formulation of after-sun products, providing calming and healing benefits to sun-exposed skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is used in the creation of face masks, providing intensive care that reduces inflammation and soothes the skin.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is applied in the formulation of facial oils, offering nourishing and soothing care for reactive and irritated skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is employed in the production of body lotions, providing all-over anti-inflammatory protection and skin healing benefits.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is used in the development of calming creams, providing deep relief and care for sensitive and reactive skin.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is widely utilized in the formulation of scalp treatments, offering anti-inflammatory benefits that promote scalp health and comfort.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is a key component in the creation of prebiotic skincare products, supporting the skin’s microbiome while providing anti-inflammatory and protective benefits.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is used in the production of lip care products, providing hydration and soothing care for dry, chapped lips.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is employed in the formulation of hand creams, offering relief from irritation and promoting skin softness.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is applied in the creation of daily wear creams, offering balanced hydration, protection, and anti-inflammatory benefits for everyday use.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is utilized in the development of skin repair treatments, providing intensive care that helps to restore and protect damaged or inflamed skin.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is found in the formulation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports skin health and reduces sensitivity.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is used in the production of soothing gels, providing instant relief from irritation and delivering anti-inflammatory protection.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is a key ingredient in the creation of multipurpose balms, providing versatile care for sensitive areas such as lips, hands, and face.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is widely used in the formulation of anti-inflammatory skincare products, offering soothing and protective benefits for sensitive skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is employed in the development of nourishing body butters, offering rich hydration and protection for dry, irritated skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is applied in the production of anti-aging serums, offering deep hydration and soothing care that helps to maintain youthful-looking skin.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is utilized in the creation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports skin health and reduces oxidative stress.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is found in the formulation of sensitive skin repair treatments, providing targeted care for areas prone to irritation and discomfort.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is used in the production of sun care products, providing anti-inflammatory protection and hydration that preserves skin health.



DESCRIPTION


Boswellia Serrata Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the resin of the Boswellia serrata tree, known for its potent anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is recognized for its ability to reduce inflammation, soothe irritated skin, and promote skin healing, making it a valuable addition to skincare and wellness formulations.

Boswellia Serrata Extract offers additional benefits such as improving skin texture, reducing discomfort, and promoting an even skin tone, ensuring long-lasting relief and balance.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is often incorporated into formulations designed to provide comprehensive care for sensitive and reactive skin, offering both immediate and long-term benefits.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is recognized for its ability to enhance the overall health and appearance of the skin, leaving it calm, smooth, and rejuvenated.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is commonly used in both traditional and innovative skincare formulations, providing a reliable solution for maintaining calm, balanced skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is valued for its ability to support the skin's natural anti-inflammatory mechanisms, making it a key ingredient in products that aim to soothe and protect the skin.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of products, including creams, lotions, serums, and oils.

Boswellia Serrata Extract is an ideal choice for products targeting sensitive, inflamed, and reactive skin, as it provides gentle yet effective soothing and anti-inflammatory care.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is known for its compatibility with other skincare actives, allowing it to be easily integrated into multi-functional formulations.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is often chosen for formulations that require a balance between soothing, protection, and anti-inflammatory care, ensuring comprehensive skin benefits.

Boswellia Serrata Extract enhances the overall effectiveness of personal care products by providing anti-inflammatory, soothing, and protective benefits in one ingredient.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is a reliable ingredient for creating products that offer a pleasant user experience, with noticeable improvements in skin comfort, tone, and texture.
Boswellia Serrata Extract is an essential component in innovative skincare products that stand out in the market for their performance, safety, and ability to soothe and heal the skin.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: N/A (Natural extract)
Common Name: Boswellia Serrata Extract (Indian Frankincense Extract)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Light yellow to brown liquid or powder
Density: Approx. 1.00-1.05 g/cm³ (for liquid extract)
Melting Point: N/A (liquid or powder form)
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohols; insoluble in oils
Flash Point: >100°C (for liquid extract)
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low (for liquid extract)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Boswellia Serrata Extract is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Boswellia Serrata Extract is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Boswellia Serrata Extract to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Boswellia Serrata Extract.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store Boswellia Serrata Extract in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.


BRB SILANIL 118
BRB Silanil 118 is methyltrimethoxysilane by BRB International BV.
BRB Silanil 118 can be applied as it is, diluted or as part of a formulated product e.g. surface coating on natural stones or other construction materials to form a silica-gel like binder (silicon dioxide) for substrate’s strength enhancement.
BRB Silanil 118 is easily hydrolyzed by water and moisture.

CAS: 1185-55-3
MF: C4H12O3Si
MW: 136.22
EINECS: 214-685-0

Synonyms
methyltrimethoxy-silan;Methyl-trithoxysilicane;Silane, methyltrimethoxy-;silanea-163;trimethoxymethyl-silan;Union carbide a-163;unioncarbidea-163;Z 6070;Methyltrimethoxysilane
;Trimethoxy(methyl)silane;1185-55-3;Trimethoxymethylsilane;Silane, trimethoxymethyl-;Union carbide A-163;SILANE, METHYLTRIMETHOXY-;Z 6070;methyl trimethoxysilane;0HI0D71MCI;DTXSID3027370;MFCD00008342;NSC-93883;Silane A-163;Dynasylan MTMS;methyl-trimethoxysilane;EINECS 214-685-0;CM9100;NSC 93883;25498-02-6;UNII-0HI0D71MCI;methyltrimetoxysilane;methyltrimethoxy silane;GLASCA B;trimethoxy-methyl-silane;EC 214-685-0,CH3Si(OCH3)3;SILQUEST A 1630;Trimethoxymethylsilane, 95%;Trimethoxymethylsilane, 98%;Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTM);SCHEMBL35033;(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)METHANE;DTXCID407370;CHEMBL3182654;BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-;NSC93883;WLN: 1O-SI-1&O1&O1;METHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE [INCI];Tox21_200453;MFCD00081866;AKOS008901240;NCGC00248627-01;NCGC00258007-01;LS-13028;CAS-1185-55-3;M0660;NS00044808;E75871;EN300-218612;METHYLSILICON TRIMETHOXIDE (MESI(OME)3);Trimethoxymethylsilane, purum, >=98.0% (GC);Trimethoxymethylsilane, deposition grade, >=98%;A804054;DOW CORNING 7-5300 FILM-IN-PLACE COATING;J-003846;J-525101
;DOW CORNING (R) 7-5310 FILM-IN-PLACE BASE;Q21099559;InChI=1/C4H12O3Si/c1-5-8(4,6-2)7-3/h1-4H3
;2-(1-METHYLHYDRAZINO)-4,5-DIHYDRO-1H-IMIDAZOLEHYDROBROMIDE;25498-03-7

The silanol groups are highly reactive and ready to form siloxane bonds (Si-O-Si) by subsequent condensation reaction.
Trimethoxy (methyl) silane is an organosilicon compound.
BRB Silanil 118 can be used as a crosslinker in the preparation of polysiloxane polymers.
BRB Silanil 118 can also be used as an acid scavenge used in the formation of substituted azulenes from allenylsilanes and tropylium tetrafluoroborate.
BRB Silanil 118 can also be used as the precursor for synthesis of flexible silica aerogels.
BRB Silanil 118 is an organosilicon compound widely used as a precursor for the preparation of silica-based materials, which finds the applications in various fields.
Particularly in molecular assembly, linking nano building blocks, and selective synthesis oligosiloxane compounds.
BRB Silanil 118 can also be utilized as a crosslinker in the synthesis of polysiloxane polymers.
BRB Silanil 118 is an organosilicon compound with the formula CH3Si(OCH3)3.
BRB Silanil 118 is a colorless, free-flowing liquid.
BRB Silanil 118 is a crosslinker in the preparation of polysiloxane polymers.

BRB Silanil 118 Chemical Properties
Melting point: <-70°C
Boiling point: 102-104 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.955 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 2990 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.371(lit.)
Fp: 52 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Form: liquid
Color: colorless
Specific Gravity: 0.955
Water Solubility: decomposes
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 7: reacts slowly with moisture/water
Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
BRN: 1736151
Stability: Stable, but moisture sensitive. Highly flammable.
Incompatible with water, strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -2.4-0.7 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 1185-55-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Silane, trimethoxymethyl-(1185-55-3)
EPA Substance Registry System: BRB Silanil 118 (1185-55-3)

Uses
BRB Silanil 118 in combination with iron nitrate altered the pore structure dramatically.
As the Crosslinking agent of RTV silicone rubber and glass fiber surface treatment agent and talk to agents outside of reinforced plastic laminated products in order to improve the mechanical strength, heat resistance, moisture resistance.
BRB Silanil 118 is used as an acid scavenger, for example in the formation of substituted azulenes from allenylsilanes and tropyl-ium tetrafluoroborate.
BRB Silanil 118 is a reagent used in they synthesis of electronic materials and organometallic compounds.
Used in the coating of carbon-fiber surfaces, as well as in the synthesis of nanocomposites.

BRB Silanil 118 is highly miscible with standard organic solvents, such as alcohols, hydrocarbons and acetone.
BRB Silanil 118 is practically insoluble in neutral water and reacts only slowly to form silanols and higher condensation products.
Addition of a hydrolytic catalyst (inorganic/organic acids, ammonia or amines) accelerates the hydrolysis of BRB Silanil 118 substantially.
As a Filler Modifier, BRB Silanil 118 is used mainly to render a wide range of surfaces and materials water repellent (e.g. mineral fillers, pigments, glass, cardboard).
BRB Silanil 118 may be used pure or in solution to treat fillers, using suitable mixing equipment.
BRB Silanil 118 may be necessary to first pre-treat the substrate with water and/or a catalyst.
BRB Silanil 118 is also used in the production of silicone resins and condensation-curing silicone rubber, used as an important component in sol-gel systems.
As one of the most common Alkoxy Crosslinkers, BRB Silanil 118 has high reactivity that precedes by nucleophilic substitution usually in the presence of acid or base catalysts.

Preparation
BRB Silanil 118 is usually prepared from methyltrichlorosilane and methanol:
CH3SiCl3 + 3 CH3OH → CH3Si(OCH3)3 + 3 HCl
BRB SILANIL 258
DESCRIPTION:
BRB Silanil 258 by BRB International BV is an adhesion promoter based on an epoxy silane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
Possesses both organic and inorganic reactivity that allows it to react with or couple organic polymers and inorganic surfaces.
Designed to enhance bonding of a polymer coating to glass.
BRB Silanil 258 is recommended at a dosage level of 0.5-2.0 pph to promote unprimed adhesion


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BRB SILANIL 258:
Product Type: Adhesion Promoters / Bonding Agents > Organofunctional Silanes
Chemical Composition: 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane
CAS Number: 2530-83-8
Physical Form: Liquid
Appearance: Clear
Product Status: COMMERCIAL
Applications/ Recommended for:
Coatings
Coatings Markets > Other industries > Glass Coatings


HOW BRB SILANIL 258 WORK?:
Silanes are 2 step Reaction Chemical which most of them are monomer.
When store under inert gas (N2), Silanes will be non-reactive monomer in form of FG-Si-OR which -R or Akyl is non-reactive group .
However, Silanes can be hydrolyzed by moisture which -Si–OR will be changed to -Si- OH called “Silanol” group and be ready to react or bond to the substrates or the fillers .
The change of –Si-OR to -Si-OH is called “Hydrolysis” which is the 1st step of silane reaction .

2nd step of the reaction is “Condensation”.
After Hydrolysis , Silane contains “Silanol” group or Si-OH which is very reactive and ready to bond
to substrates or fillers.
This bonding step is called “Condensation” which is function of adhesion promoter to the substrates or coupling/dispersing agent to the fillers.


BENEFITS OF BRB SILANIL 258 IN PAINT AND COATINGS:
Increase Adhesion Performance to Substrate

Increase Crosslinking Density of Resin which affected to:
Increase hardness
Increase mar resistance*
Improve solvent, acid, alkaline resistance
Improve water resistance
Increase abrasion resistance or scrub resistance

Change Resin Properties:
Thermoplastics to near Thermosets

Disperse Pigments/Fillers:
Improve consistency of viscosity and able to have lower viscosity
Benefit to lower loading of pigments in the formulation

Bind Pigments/Fillers:
Act as coupling agent to pigments/fillers to improve scrub ability




BREOX TB 150
BREOX TB 150 Chemical Description: Polyalklylene glycol high viscosity Excellent lubricity in every application: Breox TB 150 TB Outstanding performance, minimal friction, excellent thermal and oxidative stability – there are many reasons why the Breox TB 150 product range is ideally suited as a lubricant. Breox TB 150 belongs to the family of synthetic lubricants which are based on polyalkylene glycol (PAG). These are generally used when operating conditions go above and beyond the performance of other synthetic and mineral-based oils. These polyalkylene glycol-based oils ensure that processes run smoothly at all types of industrial plants. An important factor, among others, is the viscosity the lubricants have. With Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195, BTC offers a range of water-soluble PAGs featuring various viscosity levels. “The Breox TB 150 TB series comprises the water-soluble products made from Breox TB 150 75W. Formulators thus save one step in the process and the products are easier to use,” says Gabriele Möller, Head of Business Management Europe at BTC for the Fuel & Lubricant Solutions division. Sustainable and biostable Using base oils from the Breox TB 150 series allows formulators to produce their own specific end products. Proven applications include the use as a thickening agent in fire-resistant hydraulic fluids: The Breox TB 150 types TB 120/150/195 all display excellent thickening properties, they are very effective when it comes to corrosion protection and they reduce the risk of fire. However, above all, the oil is particularly compatible for use with hoses and seals, which in turn reduces the risk of wear. “Lubricants with Breox TB 150 are very stable and thus do not have to be replaced as often as conventional ones,” says Möller. “This provides the oils with a very high degree of sustainability, especially since they are also biostable.” Use as a polymer in hardening agents Another possible application: Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195 is also suited for use as a polymer in hardening agents, hence for surface treatment, for example in metal processing. This is where Breox TB 150 lubricants can make the best of their water solubility. By increasing or decreasing the concentration, the ideal formulation for any type of application can be created. “Breox TB 150 provides the end product with excellent lubricity in all of these cases, in every concentration and different viscosities,” Möller summarises. Additional information The following products are included in the Breox TB 150 TB series: Breox TB 150 TB 120 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 55000 viscosity of 2,600 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 150 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 2,850 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 195 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 850 mm²/s at 40°C The BREOX B-Series includes a range of mono-initiated propylene oxide homopolymers manufactured to have a viscosity range from 15 to 335 cSt at 40ºC. These products are widely used in the manufacture and formulation of various water insoluble lubricants such as Gear and calender lubricants Compressor lubricants Formulations for metal working Textile lubricants Product information from BASF. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Breox TB 150 high-viscosity PAGs are linear random polymers of EO and PO while the Pluracol® high-viscosity PAGs are branched random polymers of EO and PO. Base stocks with kinematic viscosities at 40°C from 270 to 65,000 cSt are available. The high viscosity and low volatility of these products make them suitable for high-temperature lubrication. Applications include the formulation of water-based fire resistant hydraulic fluids and quenchants. Aqueous solutions of Breox TB 150 and Pluracol® high viscosity PAGs are available for ease of handling under the Breox TB 150 series. Polyalkylene Glycols (PAGs) Polyalkylene glycol base stocks are used in many lubricant applications including gear oils, fire resistant hydraulic fluids, compressor oils, quenchants, metalworking fluids, aluminum processing fluids, chain and textile lubricants. Their high thermal and oxidative stability, excellent lubricity, high film strength / load capacity, anti-wear properties, micropitting resistance, and shear stability make them an ideal choice as base stock for formulating high-performance industrial lubricants. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Chemical Description: Polyalklylene glycol high viscosity Excellent lubricity in every application: Breox TB 150 TB Outstanding performance, minimal friction, excellent thermal and oxidative stability – there are many reasons why the Breox TB 150 product range is ideally suited as a lubricant. Breox TB 150 belongs to the family of synthetic lubricants which are based on polyalkylene glycol (PAG). These are generally used when operating conditions go above and beyond the performance of other synthetic and mineral-based oils. These polyalkylene glycol-based oils ensure that processes run smoothly at all types of industrial plants. An important factor, among others, is the viscosity the lubricants have. With Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195, BTC offers a range of water-soluble PAGs featuring various viscosity levels. “The Breox TB 150 TB series comprises the water-soluble products made from Breox TB 150 75W. Formulators thus save one step in the process and the products are easier to use,” says Gabriele Möller, Head of Business Management Europe at BTC for the Fuel & Lubricant Solutions division. Sustainable and biostable Using base oils from the Breox TB 150 series allows formulators to produce their own specific end products. Proven applications include the use as a thickening agent in fire-resistant hydraulic fluids: The Breox TB 150 types TB 120/150/195 all display excellent thickening properties, they are very effective when it comes to corrosion protection and they reduce the risk of fire. However, above all, the oil is particularly compatible for use with hoses and seals, which in turn reduces the risk of wear. “Lubricants with Breox TB 150 are very stable and thus do not have to be replaced as often as conventional ones,” says Möller. “This provides the oils with a very high degree of sustainability, especially since they are also biostable.” Use as a polymer in hardening agents Another possible application: Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195 is also suited for use as a polymer in hardening agents, hence for surface treatment, for example in metal processing. This is where Breox TB 150 lubricants can make the best of their water solubility. By increasing or decreasing the concentration, the ideal formulation for any type of application can be created. “Breox TB 150 provides the end product with excellent lubricity in all of these cases, in every concentration and different viscosities,” Möller summarises. Additional information The following products are included in the Breox TB 150 TB series: Breox TB 150 TB 120 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 55000 viscosity of 2,600 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 150 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 2,850 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 195 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 850 mm²/s at 40°C The BREOX B-Series includes a range of mono-initiated propylene oxide homopolymers manufactured to have a viscosity range from 15 to 335 cSt at 40ºC. These products are widely used in the manufacture and formulation of various water insoluble lubricants such as Gear and calender lubricants Compressor lubricants Formulations for metal working Textile lubricants Product information from BASF. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Breox TB 150 high-viscosity PAGs are linear random polymers of EO and PO while the Pluracol® high-viscosity PAGs are branched random polymers of EO and PO. Base stocks with kinematic viscosities at 40°C from 270 to 65,000 cSt are available. The high viscosity and low volatility of these products make them suitable for high-temperature lubrication. Applications include the formulation of water-based fire resistant hydraulic fluids and quenchants. Aqueous solutions of Breox TB 150 and Pluracol® high viscosity PAGs are available for ease of handling under the Breox TB 150 series. Polyalkylene Glycols (PAGs) Polyalkylene glycol base stocks are used in many lubricant applications including gear oils, fire resistant hydraulic fluids, compressor oils, quenchants, metalworking fluids, aluminum processing fluids, chain and textile lubricants. Their high thermal and oxidative stability, excellent lubricity, high film strength / load capacity, anti-wear properties, micropitting resistance, and shear stability make them an ideal choice as base stock for formulating high-performance industrial lubricants. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Chemical Description: Polyalklylene glycol high viscosity Excellent lubricity in every application: Breox TB 150 TB Outstanding performance, minimal friction, excellent thermal and oxidative stability – there are many reasons why the Breox TB 150 product range is ideally suited as a lubricant. Breox TB 150 belongs to the family of synthetic lubricants which are based on polyalkylene glycol (PAG). These are generally used when operating conditions go above and beyond the performance of other synthetic and mineral-based oils. These polyalkylene glycol-based oils ensure that processes run smoothly at all types of industrial plants. An important factor, among others, is the viscosity the lubricants have. With Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195, BTC offers a range of water-soluble PAGs featuring various viscosity levels. “The Breox TB 150 TB series comprises the water-soluble products made from Breox TB 150 75W. Formulators thus save one step in the process and the products are easier to use,” says Gabriele Möller, Head of Business Management Europe at BTC for the Fuel & Lubricant Solutions division. Sustainable and biostable Using base oils from the Breox TB 150 series allows formulators to produce their own specific end products. Proven applications include the use as a thickening agent in fire-resistant hydraulic fluids: The Breox TB 150 types TB 120/150/195 all display excellent thickening properties, they are very effective when it comes to corrosion protection and they reduce the risk of fire. However, above all, the oil is particularly compatible for use with hoses and seals, which in turn reduces the risk of wear. “Lubricants with Breox TB 150 are very stable and thus do not have to be replaced as often as conventional ones,” says Möller. “This provides the oils with a very high degree of sustainability, especially since they are also biostable.” Use as a polymer in hardening agents Another possible application: Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195 is also suited for use as a polymer in hardening agents, hence for surface treatment, for example in metal processing. This is where Breox TB 150 lubricants can make the best of their water solubility. By increasing or decreasing the concentration, the ideal formulation for any type of application can be created. “Breox TB 150 provides the end product with excellent lubricity in all of these cases, in every concentration and different viscosities,” Möller summarises. Additional information The following products are included in the Breox TB 150 TB series: Breox TB 150 TB 120 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 55000 viscosity of 2,600 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 150 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 2,850 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 195 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 850 mm²/s at 40°C The BREOX B-Series includes a range of mono-initiated propylene oxide homopolymers manufactured to have a viscosity range from 15 to 335 cSt at 40ºC. These products are widely used in the manufacture and formulation of various water insoluble lubricants such as Gear and calender lubricants Compressor lubricants Formulations for metal working Textile lubricants Product information from BASF. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Breox TB 150 high-viscosity PAGs are linear random polymers of EO and PO while the Pluracol® high-viscosity PAGs are branched random polymers of EO and PO. Base stocks with kinematic viscosities at 40°C from 270 to 65,000 cSt are available. The high viscosity and low volatility of these products make them suitable for high-temperature lubrication. Applications include the formulation of water-based fire resistant hydraulic fluids and quenchants. Aqueous solutions of Breox TB 150 and Pluracol® high viscosity PAGs are available for ease of handling under the Breox TB 150 series. Polyalkylene Glycols (PAGs) Polyalkylene glycol base stocks are used in many lubricant applications including gear oils, fire resistant hydraulic fluids, compressor oils, quenchants, metalworking fluids, aluminum processing fluids, chain and textile lubricants. Their high thermal and oxidative stability, excellent lubricity, high film strength / load capacity, anti-wear properties, micropitting resistance, and shear stability make them an ideal choice as base stock for formulating high-performance industrial lubricants. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Chemical Description: Polyalklylene glycol high viscosity Excellent lubricity in every application: Breox TB 150 TB Outstanding performance, minimal friction, excellent thermal and oxidative stability – there are many reasons why the Breox TB 150 product range is ideally suited as a lubricant. Breox TB 150 belongs to the family of synthetic lubricants which are based on polyalkylene glycol (PAG). These are generally used when operating conditions go above and beyond the performance of other synthetic and mineral-based oils. These polyalkylene glycol-based oils ensure that processes run smoothly at all types of industrial plants. An important factor, among others, is the viscosity the lubricants have. With Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195, BTC offers a range of water-soluble PAGs featuring various viscosity levels. “The Breox TB 150 TB series comprises the water-soluble products made from Breox TB 150 75W. Formulators thus save one step in the process and the products are easier to use,” says Gabriele Möller, Head of Business Management Europe at BTC for the Fuel & Lubricant Solutions division. Sustainable and biostable Using base oils from the Breox TB 150 series allows formulators to produce their own specific end products. Proven applications include the use as a thickening agent in fire-resistant hydraulic fluids: The Breox TB 150 types TB 120/150/195 all display excellent thickening properties, they are very effective when it comes to corrosion protection and they reduce the risk of fire. However, above all, the oil is particularly compatible for use with hoses and seals, which in turn reduces the risk of wear. “Lubricants with Breox TB 150 are very stable and thus do not have to be replaced as often as conventional ones,” says Möller. “This provides the oils with a very high degree of sustainability, especially since they are also biostable.” Use as a polymer in hardening agents Another possible application: Breox TB 150 TB 120/150/195 is also suited for use as a polymer in hardening agents, hence for surface treatment, for example in metal processing. This is where Breox TB 150 lubricants can make the best of their water solubility. By increasing or decreasing the concentration, the ideal formulation for any type of application can be created. “Breox TB 150 provides the end product with excellent lubricity in all of these cases, in every concentration and different viscosities,” Möller summarises. Additional information The following products are included in the Breox TB 150 TB series: Breox TB 150 TB 120 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 55000 viscosity of 2,600 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 150 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 2,850 mm²/s at 40°C Breox TB 150 TB 195 60% water-soluble solution of Breox 75 W 18000 viscosity of 850 mm²/s at 40°C The BREOX B-Series includes a range of mono-initiated propylene oxide homopolymers manufactured to have a viscosity range from 15 to 335 cSt at 40ºC. These products are widely used in the manufacture and formulation of various water insoluble lubricants such as Gear and calender lubricants Compressor lubricants Formulations for metal working Textile lubricants Product information from BASF. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide. Breox TB 150 high-viscosity PAGs are linear random polymers of EO and PO while the Pluracol® high-viscosity PAGs are branched random polymers of EO and PO. Base stocks with kinematic viscosities at 40°C from 270 to 65,000 cSt are available. The high viscosity and low volatility of these products make them suitable for high-temperature lubrication. Applications include the formulation of water-based fire resistant hydraulic fluids and quenchants. Aqueous solutions of Breox TB 150 and Pluracol® high viscosity PAGs are available for ease of handling under the Breox TB 150 series. Polyalkylene Glycols (PAGs) Polyalkylene glycol base stocks are used in many lubricant applications including gear oils, fire resistant hydraulic fluids, compressor oils, quenchants, metalworking fluids, aluminum processing fluids, chain and textile lubricants. Their high thermal and oxidative stability, excellent lubricity, high film strength / load capacity, anti-wear properties, micropitting resistance, and shear stability make them an ideal choice as base stock for formulating high-performance industrial lubricants. The BASF range of polyalkylene glycols are marketed under the Breox TB 150, Plurasafe® and Pluracol® brands. The range includes both linear and branched polymers of alkylene oxide.
BRIJ S 2
2- octadecoxyethanol (peg-25) peg-25 stearyl ether poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- (25 mol EO average molar ratio) polyethylene glycol (25) stearyl ether polyoxyethylene (25) stearyl alcohol ether polyoxyethylene (25) stearyl ether CAS # 9005-00-9
BRIJ S 20
Brilliant Blue FCF; Acid Blue 9; FD&C Blue No. 1; Erioglaucine disodium salt CAS NO : 3844-45-9
Brilliant Blue FCF
BROMOCHLOROPHENE, N° CAS : 15435-29-7, Nom INCI : BROMOCHLOROPHENE, Nom chimique : 2,2'-Methylenebis(6-bromo-4-chlorophenol), N° EINECS/ELINCS : 239-446-8 Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur, La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de 0,1 %. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables .Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.
BROMIDE SALT OF SODIUM (SODIUM BROMIDE)
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a brominating agent mainly used in organic synthetic reactions as a bromide source.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compound that is a high-melting white, crystalline solid resembling sodium chloride.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is widely used as a source of the bromide ion and has numerous applications.

CAS Number: 7647-15-6
Molecular Formula: NaBr
Molecular Weight: 102.89
EINECS Number: 231-599-9

Synonyms: Sodium Bromide: 7647-15-6, Sedoneural, Bromide salt of sodium, Bromnatrium, Sodium bromide (NaBr), Trisodium tribromide, sodium;bromide, NaBr, Natrum bromatum, Caswell No. 750A, HSDB 5039, UNII-LC1V549NOM, EINECS 231-599-9, LC1V549NOM, NSC 77384, NSC-77384, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 013907, Sodiumbromide, DTXSID3034903, CHEBI:63004, MFCD00003475, Sodium bromide [USP:JAN], CHEMBL1644694, DTXCID1014903, NSC 77384; Sanibrom 40, EC 231-599-9, Sodium bromide (USP:JAN), Bromnatrium [German], SODIUM BROMIDE (MART.), SODIUM BROMIDE [MART.], SODIUM BROMIDE (USP-RS), SODIUM BROMIDE [USP-RS], Sodium bromide [JAN], SODIUM BROMIDE (EP MONOGRAPH), SODIUM BROMIDE [EP MONOGRAPH], SODIUM BROMIDE (USP MONOGRAPH), SODIUM BROMIDE [USP MONOGRAPH], Natrium bromide, Sodium Bromide Powder, Sodium bromide (TN), Sodium bromide (JP17), Sodium bromide, ultra dry, Sodium bromide (Na3Br3), WLN: NA E, SODIUM BROMIDE [MI], Sodium bromide, ACS reagent, 12431-56-0, SODIUM BROMIDE [HSDB], NATRUM BROMATUM [HPUS], Density Standard 1251 kg/m3, SODIUM BROMIDE [WHO-DD], Sodium bromide, p.a., 99.0%, NSC77384, Tox21_301343, BR1200, AKOS024438090, Sodium bromide, BioXtra, >=99.0%, Sodium bromide, photo grade, compacted, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 013907, NCGC00255632-01, Sodium bromide, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, Sodium bromide, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, CAS-7647-15-6, CS-0013794, NS00075684, S0546, Sodium bromide, 99.9955% (metals basis), Sodium bromide, BioUltra, >=99.5% (AT), Isotopic standard for bromine, NIST SRM 977, Sodium bromide, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, D02055, Q15768, Sodium bromide, >=99.99% trace metals basis, Sodium bromide, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, Sodium bromide, JIS special grade, 99.5-100.3%, Density Standard 1251 kg/m3, H&D Fitzgerald Ltd. Quality, Sodium bromide, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Sodium bromide, anhydrous, beads, -10 mesh, 99.999% trace metals basis, Sodium bromide, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99%, Sodium bromide, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), >=99%

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) crystallizes in the same cubic motif as NaCl, NaF, and NaI.
The anhydrous salt crystallizes above 50.7°C, while dihydrate salts (NaBr2H2O) crystallize out of water solution below 50.7°C.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is widely used for the preparation of other bromides in organic synthesis and other areas.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a source of the bromide nucleophile to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides by the Finkelstein reaction.
Additionally, it is used in photography for preparing light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions and as a bleaching and disinfecting agent for water treatment in swimming pools, health spas, and hot tubs.

However, it is important to note that sodium bromide possesses anticonvulsant properties, and high blood levels of bromides may cause serious neurologic and psychologic disturbances.
Skin rashes are common, and high blood levels of bromides may cause serious neurologic and psychologic disturbances.
The great danger of toxicity in patients on low salt diets. Sodium bromide is moderately toxic by ingestion.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also used as a catalyst for the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, for increasing the density of aqueous drilling fluids for oil wells, as an electrolyte component in sodium-halogen batteries, as a brominating agent in organic synthesis, in preparing bromide salts, and as a laboratory reagent.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is important to handle sodium bromide with care due to its potential toxicity and associated hazards.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a colorless cubic crystal or white granular powder, and belongs to isometric system.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is odorless, and has slightly bitter and briny taste but high toxicity.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is easily to absorb moisture and caking but without deliquescence.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is slightly soluble in alcohol and easily soluble in water (at 100 °C, the solubility in 100ml water solubility is 121g), its aqueous solution is neutral with electronic conductivity.

The anhydrous Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) crystal will be precipitated out at 51°C with dihydrate compound forming at temperature lower than 51 °C.
Its bromide ion can be substituted by fluorine, and chlorine. Under acidic conditions, it can be oxidized by oxygen and release free bromine; this process is taken advantage of by industry for producing bromine.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can have reaction with dilute sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen bromide.

However, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a strong acid which can’t be produced through the reaction with dilute sulfuric acid and can only made through high-boiling point acid to make low-boiling point acid.
However, should avoid to use concentrated sulfuric acid which has strong oxidation effect and thus converting bromine (-1) into bromine element and release reddish-brown gas.
This method can be used to identify sodium iodide (Heating sodium iodide and concentrated sulfuric acid together will release red-purple gases), Thereby, we can only take the concentrated phosphoric acid together with sodium bromine for heating to produce hydrogen bromine.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) ions can enhance the inhibitor process of brain cortex, and promote their concentration.
Therefore, medically it can be used as tranquilizers, and hypnotic or anticonvulsant drugs.
When human swallow or inhale the compounds, it will cause harm to central nervous system, brain, and eye while causing irritation response of skin, eyes and also the respiratory tract.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a colorless cubic crystal or white granular powder.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is odorless, and has slightly bitter and briny taste but high toxicity.
It is easily soluble in water (at 100 °C, the solubility in 100ml water solubility is 121g), but slightly soluble in alcohol.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a brominating agent mainly used in organic synthetic reactions as a bromide source.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a chemical compound that exists as a white crystalline solid at room temperature.
The compound is inorganic, soluble in water, and has the molecular formula NaBr.

Because Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is comprised of ionically bonded sodium atoms to bromine atoms, it is often used as a source of bromide ions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) Technical 25kg Sodium bromide is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr.
It is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) crystallizes in the same cubic motif as sodium chloride, sodium fluoride and sodium iodide.
The anhydrous salt crystallizes above 50.7 °C.

Dihydrate salts (NaBr·2H2O) crystallize out of water solution below 50.7 °C.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be used as a source of the chemical element bromine.

This can be accomplished by treating an aqueous solution of sodium bromide with chlorine gas: [2 NaBr + Cl2 → Br2 + 2 NaCl].
Until 1975, sodium bromide was used in medicine as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) Technical is widely used in the preparation of other bromides in organic synthesis and other areas.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a source of the bromide nucleophile, used to convert alkyl chlorides to be more reactive alkyl bromides, this is done via the Finkelstein reaction.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also used to prepare the photosensitive salt, silver bromide, used in photography.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also used in conjunction with chlorine as a disinfectant in both hot tubs and swimming pools.

Finally, because of its high solubility in water, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used to prepare dense drilling fluids that are used in oil wells to compensate a possible overpressure arising in the fluid column and to counteract the associated trend to blow out.
The presence of the Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) cation also causes the bentonite added to the drilling fluid to swell, while the high ionic strength induces the bentonite flocculation.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can only be delivered to commercial premises

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be used as a source of the chemical element bromine.
This can be accomplished by treating an aqueous solution of NaBr with chlorine gas: 2 NaBr + Cl2 → Br2 + 2 NaCl

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also known as Trisodium tribromide, Bromnatrium, 7647-15-6, NaBr, Bromide salt of sodium, Sedoneural, Sodium bromide (NaBr) and comes with Molecular Formula of BrNa and Molecular Weight of 102.893769.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is prepared through addition of excess bromine to sodium hydroxide solution that assists in formation of a mixture of bromide and bromine.

Post mixture, the reaction products are evaporated to dry state and further treated with carbon for reducing bromate to bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is available in form of white crystals, granules, or powder/white, cubic crystal option and has feebly bitter taste.
Its other properties include Boiling Point of 1390°C, Melting Point of 755°C, Density/Specific Gravity of 3.21, pH of 6.5-8.0 and solubility in alcohol (moderate) and in water (94.6 g/100 g water at 25°C).

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a white granular salt that is very similar to it’s cousin sodium chloride – or regular salt.
And just like Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide)’s cousin, the important bit is the part that comes at the end of name – bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is very similar to chlorine.

They are both halogens that are very good at sanitizing water.
But they do have some key differences between them.
One of the key differences is how they appear in pure form; chlorine is gas and bromine is a much heavier gas, to the point of being almost a liquid.

In water, they both behave very similarly.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) added to water will form Hypobromous acid and Hydrobromic Acid, just like chlorine forms Hypochlorous acid and Hydrochloric acid.
And Hypobromous acid also disassociates based on pH to form hypobromite just like hypochlorous acid does to form hypochlorite.

Similarly, the “hypo” is considered to be the better form at disinfection.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a high-melting white, crystalline solid that resembles sodium chloride.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compound in its dry form a white crystalline powder with a salty and somewhat bitter taste.
The chemical formula for sodium bromide in NaBr.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a white crystal or white, granular powder having the odour of sulphur dioxide.
It does not occur as a natural solid due to its solubility, it is extracted from ocean water along with chlorides, iodides and halites.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) possesses anticonvulsant properties of any bromide salt and is one of the most common salts of hydrobromic acid.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is represented by the chemical formula NaBr.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) consists of a sodium cation (Na+) and a bromide anion (Br-).
It crystallizes in a cubic crystal lattice structure, similar to other alkali metal halides.

Physical Properties: Sodium bromide is a white, crystalline solid.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) has a high melting point of 755°C (1,391°F) and a boiling point of 1,390°C (2,534°F).
The density of sodium bromide is approximately 3.2 g/cm³.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is soluble in water, with a solubility of about 905 g/L at 20°C.
Preparation: Sodium bromide is typically prepared by treating sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with hydrogen bromide (HBr).
The reaction can be represented by the equation: NaOH + HBr → NaBr + H2O.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can also be obtained as a byproduct in the production of other bromine compounds.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in the preparation of light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions for photographic films and papers.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is added to aqueous drilling fluids used in oil and gas drilling operations to increase the density and stabilize the fluid.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent in water treatment for swimming pools, hot tubs, and spas.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used as a source of bromide ions in organic synthesis reactions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is particularly employed in the Finkelstein reaction to convert alkyl chlorides to alkyl bromides.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used as a reagent in various laboratory procedures, such as titrations and chemical analysis.
While Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is generally considered safe when used appropriately, it is important to note that high levels of bromides in the blood can cause neurologic and psychologic disturbances.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is crucial to handle sodium bromide with care and follow appropriate safety precautions.

Melting point: 755 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 1390 °C
Density: 3,203 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 806 °C)
refractive index: 1.6412
Flash point: 1390°C
storage temp.: Store at room temperature.
solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
for: Powder
Specific Gravity: 3.21
color: White
PH: 5.74 (430g/l, H2O, 22.5℃)
Water Solubility: 905 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck: 14,8594
BRN: 3587179
Dielectric constant: 6.3399999999999999
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong acids. Hygroscopic.
InChIKey: JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: 0 at 25℃

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) Solution is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBr.nH2O.
It is a high-boiling colorless, odorless liquid that resembles sodium chloride.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a widely used source of the bromide ion and has many applications.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) liquid is a single salt used to form clear- brine workover and completion fluids.
These fluids are used where formation pressures require densities from 8.4 to 12.8 lb/gal (1,007 to 1,534 kg/m) or where the formation waters contain high concentrations of bicarbonate and sulfate ions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be mixed with NaCl to obtain densities up to 12.8 lb/gal (1,534 kg/m).

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide)/NaCl systems are more economical than pure NaBr solutions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide), is a white, hygroscopic, crystalline solid with a bitter, saline taste.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is water soluble,with a melting point of 758°C (1400 OF).

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in medicine as a sedative and in photography in the preparation of silver bromide emulsion on photographic plates or films.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) occurs in seawater at an average concentration of 0.008%.
It also is found naturally in some salt deposits.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in photography for preparing light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions.
The salt also is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent for water treatement in swimming pools, health spas, and hot tubs.
Other uses are as a catalyst for partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, for increasing density of aqueous drillng fluids for oil wells, as an electrolyte component in sodium-halogen batteries, as a brominating agent in organic synthesis, in preparing bromide salts, and as a laboratory reagent.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in medicine as a sedative and hypnotic.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.
It is a bromide salt and an inorganic sodium salt.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in photographic processingand in analytical chemistry.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is compatible with most non-metallic materials of construction such as polypropylene, polyethylene, fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), cellulose, cloth, coatings, rubbers, etc.
Metals can also be used provided the Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is kept dry.

If the Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) becomes wet, steel will suffer general corrosion and stainless steels and aluminum will suffer pitting attack.
The rates of attack will depend upon the amount of oxygen present but in general will not be rapid.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is generally immediately available in most volumes.

High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
Most metal bromide compounds are water soluble for uses in water treatment, chemical analysis and in ultra high purity for certain crystal growth applications.
The bromide ion in an aqueous solution can be detected by adding carbon disulfide (CS2) and chlorine.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be prepared by several methods.
Pure salt can be made by neutralizing sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate with hydrobromic acid.
The solution is evaporated for crystallization:NaOH + HBr → NaBr + H2O NaCO3 + HBr → NaBr + CO2 + H2O

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be made by passing bromine through an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or carbonate in the presence of a reducing agent, such as ammonia, hydrazine, activated charcoal, or Fe2+ ion.
A typical method involves adding iron to bromine water to form ferrosoferric bromide, Fe[FeBr5].
This double salt is dissolved in excess water followed by addition of sodium carbonate.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) mixture is filtered and the filtrate is evaporated to crystallize sodium bromide.
The overall reaction may be written as follows: 3Fe + 4Br2 + 4Na2CO3 → 8NaBr + FeCO3 + Fe2(CO3)3
Another method involves adding excess bromine to a solution of sodium hydroxide.

This forms Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) and bromate.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) solution is evapoated to dryness.
The bromate is reduced to bromide by heating with carbon: 3Br2 + 2NaOH + H2O → NaBr + NaBrO3 + 4HBr.

Production method:
Urea reduction: dissolve soda ash (sodium carbonate), urea in hot water, and fed into the reactor; gradually add bromine for reaction and generate Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide).
Then further add active carbon for decolorization; further undergo filtration, evaporation, crystallization, centrifugal separation, and drying to obtain sodium bromide products.
The reaction is as following:3Br2 + 3Na2CO3 + NH2CONH2 → 6NaBr + 4CO2 ↑ + N2 ↑ + 2H2O

Neutralization method: add about 40% hydrobromic acid into the reactor, stir and slowly add 40% caustic solution for neutralization to Ph 7.5~8 for generating sodium bromide; after isolated by centrifugation, evaporation, crystallization and centrifuged again separation, then we can obtain the final product of sodium bromide.
The reaction is: HBr + NaOH → NaBr + H2O

Uses:
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be used as raw material in the preparation of liquid photographic film; medically as sedative, the brominating agent in printing and dyeing; it can also be used in synthetic fragrances and other chemicals.
Photographic industry applies it for the preparation of liquid photosensitive film.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is medically used for the production of diuretics and sedatives.

Perfume industry uses it for the production of synthetic fragrances.
Printing and dyeing industry use Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) as a brominating agent.
In addition, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be also be used for organic synthesis and so on.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used for the photographic industry, spices, pharmaceutical and printing industries.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used for the reagents for analysis, and can also be used for the synthesis of inorganic and organic compounds and pharmaceutical industry.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is sued for photographic film, medicines, perfumes, dyes and other industries.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be applied to determination of trace cadmium and Manufacturing of bromide.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can also be applied to inorganic and organic synthesis, photogravure and pharmaceuticals.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is a high-tonnage chemical and one of the most important of the bromide salts (NaBr2).

High-purity grades are required in the formulation of silver bromide emulsions for photography.
The compound, usually in combination with hypochlorites, is used as a bleach, notably for cellulosics.
The production of sodium bromide simply involves the neutralization of HBr with NaOH or with sodium carbonate or bicarbonate.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is an inorganic compoiund used as a catalyst in the photoinduced polymerization of acrylates.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is the most useful inorganic bromide in industry.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is also used as a catalyst in TEMPO-mediated oxidation reactions.

Also known as Sedoneural, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) has been used as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative in medicine, widely used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Its action is due to the bromide ion, and for this reason potassium bromide is equally effective.
In 1975, bromides were removed from drugs in the U.S. such as Bromo-Seltzer due to toxicity.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is widely used as a source of the bromide ion in chemical synthesis.
It is particularly employed in the Finkelstein reaction to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides.
This reaction utilizes sodium bromide as the source of the bromide nucleophile, resulting in the production of alkyl bromides under suitable conditions.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized in the preparation of light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions for photographic films and papers.
These emulsions play a crucial role in the development of photographic materials.
In the water treatment industry, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) serves as a bleaching and disinfecting agent.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used for water treatment in swimming pools, health spas, and hot tubs, where its germicidal properties contribute to maintaining water quality.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) finds significant use in the oil and gas drilling industry.
It is a principal consumer in this sector and is employed for various purposes related to drilling operations.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized as an antiseptic and detergent in certain applications.
Its properties make it suitable for use in these capacities.
In laboratory settings, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is employed as a reagent in pharmaceutical preparations and various chemical analyses.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) serves as a valuable source of the bromide ion in chemical synthesis.
It is commonly employed in organic reactions, such as the Finkelstein reaction, to convert alkyl chlorides to more reactive alkyl bromides.
In the field of photography, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in the preparation of light-sensitive silver bromide emulsions.

These emulsions are essential components in the production of photographic films and papers.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is employed as a bleaching and disinfecting agent in water treatment applications.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized in maintaining water quality in swimming pools, health spas, and hot tubs.

Within the oil and gas industry, sodium bromide finds significant use in drilling operations.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is added to aqueous drilling fluids to increase density and stabilize the fluid during drilling processes.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized in certain applications as an antiseptic and detergent due to its properties.

In laboratory settings, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) serves as a reagent in pharmaceutical preparations and various chemical analyses.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is sometimes utilized as a fire retardant in certain applications.
Its ability to inhibit or slow down the spread of fire makes it useful in specific fire safety measures.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used in veterinary medicine as an anticonvulsant.
It can be prescribed to control seizures in animals, particularly dogs.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is employed as an electrolyte component in sodium-halogen batteries.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) helps facilitate the flow of ions between the battery's electrodes, contributing to its overall functionality.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is utilized as a brominating agent in organic synthesis reactions.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can selectively introduce bromine atoms into organic compounds, enabling the synthesis of various brominated products.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can act as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions.
It can enhance the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process.
In the petroleum industry, Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used to increase the density of aqueous drilling fluids.

This helps to control pressure and prevent blowouts during oil and gas drilling operations.
Standard Reference Material: Sodium bromide is utilized as a standard reference material in analytical chemistry and quality control.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be employed to calibrate instruments, validate analytical methods, and ensure accuracy in measurements.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is used as an isotopic standard for bromine in scientific research and analysis.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) can be utilized as a reference material to compare and determine the isotopic composition of other bromine-containing compounds.

Safety Profile:
Moderately toxic by ingestion.
Experimental reproductive effects.
Incompatible with acids, alkaloidal and heavy-metal salts.

When heated to decomposition Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) emits toxic fumes of Brand NazO.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) has a very low toxicity with an oral LD50 estimated at 3.5 g/kg for rats.
However, this is a single-dose value.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) ion is a cumulative toxin with a relatively long half life.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is considered a mild eye and skin irritant based on animal studies.
Bromine salts, including Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide), can act as central nervous system (CNS) depressants at doses of 1 to 2 grams per day.

High blood levels of bromides may cause serious neurologic and psychologic disturbances.
Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) is important to handle sodium bromide with care due to its potential toxicity.

Bromide salt of sodium (sodium bromide) may have incompatibilities with strong acids and bromine trifluoride.
When sodium bromide decomposes, it can release hazardous substance


BROMOCHLOROPHENE
2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL; 2-Bronopol; Bronosol; Bronopol; Onyxide 500; Beta-Bromo-Beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol; 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol; Bronidiol; Bronocot; bronopol; Bronopolu; Bronotak; Lexgard bronopol CAS NO:52-51-7
BROMOFORM
Bromoform is a brominated organic solvent, colorless liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform.
Bromoform is widely used as a solvent for waxes, oils and greases.
Miscible with Bromoform, benzene, ethanol, petroleum ether, acetone, diethyl ether and oils.

CAS Number: 75-25-2
EC Number: 200-854-6
Molar Mass: 252.75 g/mol
Chemical Formula: CHBr3

Bromoform (CHBr3) is a brominated organic solvent, colorless liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform.
Bromoform is one of the four haloforms, the others being fluoroform, chloroform, and iodoform.

Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating chloroform with aluminium bromide.
Currently Bromoform main use is as a laboratory reagent.

Bromoform is widely used as a solvent for waxes, oils and greases.
Bromoform is utilized for mineral ore separation in geological tests.

Bromoform is used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis as well as a laboratory reagent.
Bromoform is the ingredient of fire-resistant chemicals and fluid gauges.
Bromoform acts as a sedative and as cough reducing agent.

Bromoform is a brominated organic solvent with the formula CHBr3.
Bromoform has an odor similar to chloroform and Bromoform density is very high (2,89).
Miscible with chloroform, benzene, ethanol, petroleum ether, acetone, diethyl ether and oils.

Bromoform, also known as Tribromomethane or Methyl tribromide, is classified as a member of the Trihalomethanes.
Trihalomethanes are organic compounds in which exactly three of the four hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced by halogen atoms.
Trace amounts of 1,2-dibromoethane occur naturally in the ocean, where Bromoform is formed probably by algae and kelp.

Bromoform is formally rated as an unfounded non-carcinogenic (IARC 3) potentially toxic compound.
Exposure to bromoform may occur from the consumption of chlorinated drinking water.

The acute (short-term) effects from inhalation or ingestion of high levels of bromoform in humans and animals consist of nervous system effects such as the slowing down of brain functions, and injury to the liver and kidney.
Chronic (long-term) animal studies indicate effects on the liver, kidney, and central nervous system (CNS) from oral exposure to bromoform.

Human data are considered inadequate in providing evidence of cancer by exposure to bromoform, while animal data indicate that long-term oral exposure can cause liver and intestinal tumors.
Bromoform has been classified as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen.
Most of the bromoform that enters the environment is formed as disinfection byproducts known as the trihalomethanes when chlorine is added to drinking water or swimming pools to kill bacteria.

In the past, Bromoform was used as a solvent, sedative and flame retardant, but now Bromoform is mainly used as a laboratory reagent.
Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35.

Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock.
Bromoform is a pale yellow liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform.

Bromoform (CHBr3) is a brominated organic solvent, pale yellow liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index, very highdensity, and sweet odor is similar to that of.
Bromoform is a trihalomethane, and is one of the four haloforms, the others beingfluoroform, and iodoform.

Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating with aluminum bromide.
Currently Bromoform main use is as a laboratory reagent.

Bromoform is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Bromoform is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Bromoform (CHBr3) is a pale yellowish liquid with a sweet odor similar to chloroform, a halomethane or haloform.
Bromoform refractive index is 1.595 (20 °C, D).

Small amounts are formed naturally by plants in the ocean.
Bromoform is somewhat soluble in water and readily evaporates into the air.
Most of the bromoform that enters the environment is formed as byproducts when chlorine is added to drinking water to kill bacteria.

Bromoform is one of the trihalomethanes closely related with fluoroform, chloroform and iodoform.
Bromoform is soluble in about 800 parts water and is miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, petroleum ether, acetone, and oils.
Bromoform LD50 is 7.2 mmol/kg in mice, or 1.8g/kg.

Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite or by the electrolysis of alcoholic solution of potassium or sodium bromide.

Bromoform is used as a solvent and to make pharmaceuticals.
Often stabilized with 1 to 3% ethanol.

Applications of Bromoform:
Bromoform is widely used as a solvent for waxes, oils and greases.
Bromoform is utilized for mineral ore separation in geological tests.

Bromoform is used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis as well as a laboratory reagent.
Bromoform is the ingredient of fire-resistant chemicals and fluid gauges.
Bromoform acts as a sedative and as cough reducing agent.

Uses of Bromoform:
As a fluid for mineral ore separation; as a laboratory reagent; in the electronics industry for quality assurance programs; formerly as a sedative and antitussive

Bromoform is a colorless to yellow liquid with a density about three times that of water.
Bromoform has an odor and sweetish taste similar to chloroform and is not combustible.

Bromoform has been used as a degreasing solvent, in chemical synthesis, and in fire extinguishers, and is no longer used as a sedative for children with whooping cough.
Currently, bromoform is produced only in small amounts for use in laboratories and in geological and electronics testing.

In separating mixtures of minerals.
Bromoform is used as a fluid for mineral ore separation in geological tests, as a laboratory reagent, and in the electronics industry in quality assurance programs.

Bromoform was formerly used as a solvent for waxes, greases, and oils, as an ingredient in fire-resistant chemicals and in fluid gauges.
Bromoform was also used in the early part of this century as a medicine to help children with whooping cough get to sleep.
Currently, bromoform is only produced in small amounts for use in laboratories and in geological and electronics testing.

Bromoform is used as a fluid for mineral ore separation in geological tests, as a laboratory reagent, and in the electronics industry in quality assurance programs.
Bromoform was formerly used as a solvent for waxes, greases, and oils, as an ingredient in fire-resistant chemicals and in fluid gauges.
Bromoform has also been used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis, as a sedative, and as a cough suppression agent.

Only small quantities of bromoform are currently produced industrially in the United States.
In the past, Bromoform was used as a solvent, and flame retardant, but now Bromoform is mainly used as a laboratory reagent, for example as an extraction solvent.

Bromoform's high density makes Bromoform useful for separation of minerals by density.
When two samples are mixed with bromoform and then allowed to settle, the top layer will contain minerals lighter than bromoform, and the bottom layer will contain heavier minerals.
Slightly less dense minerals can be separated in the same way by mixing the bromoform with a small amount of a less dense and fully miscible solvent.

Bromoform is used as a fluid for mineral ore separation in geological tests, as a laboratory reagent, and in the electronics industry in quality assurance programs.
Bromoform has also been used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis, as a sedative, and as a cough suppression agent.

Only small quantities of bromoform are currently produced industrially in the United States.
In the past, Bromoform was used as a solvent, sedative and flame retardant, but now Bromoform is mainly used as a laboratory reagent, for example as an extraction solvent.

Bromoform also has medical uses; injections of bromoform are sometimes used instead of epinephrine to treat severe asthma cases.

Bromoform's high density makes Bromoform useful for separation of minerals by density.
When two samples are mixed with bromoform and then allowed to settle, the top layer will contain minerals less dense than bromoform, and the bottom layer will contain denser minerals.
Slightly less dense minerals can be separated in the same way by mixing the bromoform with a small amount of a less dense and miscible solvent.

Bromoform is known as an inhibitor of methanogenesis and is a common component of seaweed.
Following research by CSIRO and Bromoform spin-off FutureFeed, several companies are now growing seaweed, in particular from the genus Asparagopsis, to use as a feed additive for livestock to reduce methane emissions from ruminants.

Bromoform is used as a intermediate for pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds; also used as a solvent for waxes and oils.
Bromoform is used for synth of pharmaceuticals; used in shipbuilding, aircraft, and aerospace industries; used in fire extinguishers.

Bromoform is used as a heavy liquid floatation agent in mineral separation, sedimentary petrographical surveys, and purification of materials such as quartz.
Bromoform is used as an industrial solvent in liquid-solvent extractions, in nuclear magnetic resonance studies.
Bromoform is used as a catalyst, initiator, or sensitizer in polymer reactions, and in vulcanization of rubber.

Use Classification of Bromoform:
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

Health Hazards - Carcinogens

Therapeutic Uses of Bromoform:
Bromoform was formerly used as an antiseptic and sedative.

Typical Properties of Bromoform:

Chemical Properties:
Bromoform is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a high refractive index, very high density, and sweetish odor is similar to that of chloroform.
Bromoform is slightly soluble in water and is nonflammable.
Bromoform can form in drinking water as a by-product from the reaction of chlorine with dissolved organic matter and bromide ions.

Physical properties:
Clear, colorless to yellow liquid with a chloroform-like odor.
Odor threshold concentration in water is 0.3 mg/kg

Bromoform is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sweetish odor.
The chemical formula for bromoform is CBr3H and the molecular weight is 252.75 g/mol.

The vapor pressure for bromoform is 5 mm Hg at 20 °C, and Bromoform has an octanol/water partition coefficient(log Kow) of 2.38.
Bromoform has an odor threshold of 1.3 parts per million (ppm).

Bromoform is slightly soluble in water and is nonflammable.
Bromoform can form in drinking water as a by-product from the reaction of chlorine with dissolved organic matter and bromide ions.

Manufacturing Methods of Bromoform:
Prepared from acetone and sodium hypobromite.

By heating acetone or ethanol with bromine and alkali hyroxide and recovery of distillation (similar to acetone process of chloroform).

Analytic Laboratory Methods of Bromoform:
To support studies exploring the relation between exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) and health effects, we have developed an automated analytical method using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.

This method quantitates trace levels of THMs (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) and methyl tertiary-butyl ether in tap water.
Detection limits of less than 100 ng/L for all analytes and linear ranges of three orders of magnitude are adequate for measuring the THMs in tap water samples tested from across the United States.

Method: NIOSH 1003, Issue 3
Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Analyte: bromoform
Matrix: air
Detection Limit: 6.0 ug/sample.

Method: ASTM D5790
Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Analyte: bromoform
Matrix: treated drinking water, wastewater, and ground water
Detection Limit: 0.2 ug/L.

Method: EPA-EAD 601
Procedure: gas chromatography with electrolytic conductivity or microcoulometric detector
Analyte: bromoform
Matrix: municipal and industrial discharges
Detection Limit: 0.2 ug/L.

Clinical Laboratory Methods of Bromoform:
To support studies exploring the relation between exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) and adverse health effects, an automated analytical method was developed using capillary gas chromatography (GC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) with selected ion mass detection and isotope-dilution techniques.
This method quantified trace levels of THMs (including chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in human blood.

Analyte responses were adequate for measuring background levels after extraction of these volatile organic compounds with either purge-and-trap extraction or headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME).
The SPME method was chosen because of Bromoform ease of use and higher throughput.

Detection limits for the SPME GC-MS method ranged from 0.3 to 2.4 ng/L, with linear ranges of three orders of magnitude.
This method proved adequate for measuring the THMs and MTBE in most blood samples tested from a diverse U.S. reference population.

Purification Methods of Bromoform:
The storage and stability of bromoform and chloroform are similar.
Ethanol, added as a stabilizer, is removed by washing with H2O or with saturated CaCl2 solution, and the CHBr3, after drying with CaCl2 or K2CO3, is fractionally distilled.

Prior to distillation, CHBr3 has also been washed with conc H2SO4 until the acid layer is no longer coloured, then dilute NaOH or NaHCO3, and H2O.
A further purification step is fractional crystallisation by partial freezing.

Structure of Bromoform:
The molecule adopts tetrahedral molecular geometry with C3v symmetry.

MeSH Pharmacological Classification of Bromoform:

Carcinogens:
Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals.
Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.

Teratogens:
An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo.

Environment and Toxicology of Bromoform:
Natural production of bromoform by phytoplankton and seaweeds in the ocean is thought to be Bromoform predominant source in the environment.

However, locally significant amounts of bromoform enter the environment formed as disinfection byproducts known as trihalomethanes when chlorine is added to drinking water to kill bacteria.
Bromoform is somewhat soluble in water and readily evaporates into the air.

Bromoform is the main trihalomethane produced in beachfront salt water swimming pools with concentrations as high as 1.2 ppm (parts per million).
Concentrations in freshwater pools are 1000 times lower.
Occupational skin exposure limits are set at 0.5 ppm.

Bromoform may be hazardous to the environment, and special attention should be given to aquatic organisms.
Bromoform volatility and environmental persistence makes bromoform's release, either as liquid or vapor, strongly inadvisable.

Bromoform can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and through the skin.
Bromoform is irritating to the respiratory tract, the eyes, and the skin, and may cause effects on the central nervous system and liver, resulting in impaired functions.

Bromoform is soluble in about 800 parts water and is miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, petroleum ether, acetone, and oils.
Bromoform LD50 is 7.2 mmol/kg in mice, or 1.8g/kg.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that bromoform is not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.
The EPA classified bromoform as a probable human carcinogen.

Safe Storage of Bromoform:
Separated from strong bases, oxidants, metals and food and feedstuffs.
Keep in the dark.
Ventilation along the floor.

Store only if stabilized.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Reactivity Profile of Bromoform:
Heating Bromoform to decomposition produces highly toxic fumes of carbon oxybromide (carbonyl bromide) and hydrogen bromide.
Reaction with powdered potassium or sodium hydroxide, Li or Na/K alloys, is violently exothermic.
Explosive reaction with crown ethers in the presence of potassium hydroxide.

Safety Profile of Bromoform:
Suspected carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data.
A human poison by ingestion.

Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes.
Human mutation data reported.

Bromoform can damage the liver to a serious degree and cause death.
Bromoform has anesthetic properties simdar to those of chloroform, but is not sufficiently volatile for inhalation purposes and is far too toxic for human use.
As a sedative and antitussive Bromoform medicinal application has resulted in numerous poisonings.

Inhalation of small amounts causes irritation, provoking the flow of tears and saliva, and reddening of the face.
Abuse can lead to adhction and serious consequences.
Explosive reaction with crown ethers or potassium hydroxide.

Violent reaction with acetone or bases.
Incompatible with Li or NaK alloys.
When heated to decomposition Bromoform emits hghly toxic fumes of Br-.

First Aid of Bromoform:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER:
Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring.
Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, Bromoform chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure.

Fire Fighting of Bromoform:

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do Bromoform without risk.
Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter Bromoform.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.

Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Fire Fighting Procedures of Bromoform:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.)

Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.
Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Isolation and Evacuation of Bromoform:
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Bromoform:

Personal protection:
Complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers.
Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.

Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Wear respiratory protection.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Disposal Methods of Bromoform:
Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U225, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations.
Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria.

Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur.
Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal.

If Bromoform is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, Bromoform must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.

Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of Bromoform.
Dissolve or mix Bromoform with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.
A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.
If packaged as an aerosol, be careful when releasing in an incinerator or Bromoform will blow past the combustion zone.

Preventive Measures of Bromoform:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Wear respiratory protection.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing.
Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling Bromoform.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with Bromoform.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.

Nonfire Spill Response of Bromoform:
Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

Stop leak if you can do Bromoform without risk.
Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.

SMALL SPILL:
Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Identifiers of Bromoform:
CAS number: 75-25-2
EC index number: 602-007-00-X
EC number: 200-854-6
Hill Formula: CHBr₃
Molar Mass: 252.75 g/mol
HS Code: 2903 69 19
Quality Level: MQ200

Boiling point: 149.5 °C (1013 mbar)
Density: 2.89 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 30 °C does not flash
Melting Point: 8.0 °C
Vapor pressure: 7.5 hPa (25 °C)
Solubility: 3.2 g/l

CAS Number: 75-25-2
Abbreviations: R-20B3
UN: 2515
Beilstein Reference: 1731048
ChEBI: CHEBI:38682
ChEMBL: ChEMBL345248
ChemSpider: 13838404
DrugBank: DB03054
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.777
EC Number: 200-854-6
Gmelin Reference: 49500
KEGG: C14707
MeSH: bromoform
PubChem CID: 5558
RTECS number: PB5600000
UNII: TUT9J99IMU
UN number: 2515
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1021374
InChI: InChI=1S/CHBr3/c2-1(3)4/h1H
Key: DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: BrC(Br)Br

Properties of Bromoform:
Chemical formula: CHBr3
Molar mass: 252.731 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 2.89 g mL−1
Melting point: −4 to 16 °C; 25 to 61 °F; 269 to 289 K
Boiling point: 147 to 151 °C; 296 to 304 °F; 420 to 424 K
Solubility in water: 3.2 g L−1 (at 30 °C)
log P: 2.435
Vapor pressure: 670 Pa (at 20.0 °C)
Henry's law constant (kH): 17 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa): 13.7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -82.60·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.595

Molecular Weight: 252.73
XLogP3-AA: 2.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 251.76079
Monoisotopic Mass: 249.76284
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count : 4
Complexity: 8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Bromoform:
Assay (GC, area %) : ≥ 98.0 %
Identity (IR-spectrum): passes test
Density: 2.81
Melting Point: 8°C to 9°C
Boiling Point: 148°C to 150°C
Flash Point: None
UN Number: UN2515
Beilstein: 1731048
Merck Index: 14,1420
Refractive Index: 1.585
Quantity: 250g
Solubility Information: Slightly soluble in water.
Sensitivity: Light sensitive
Formula Weight: 252.73
Percent Purity: 97%
Chemical Name or Material: Bromoform, Stabilized with ethanol

Thermochemistry of Bromoform:
Heat capacity (C): 130.5 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): 6.1–12.7 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −549.1–−542.5 kJ mol−1

Related compounds of Bromoform:

Related alkanes:
Dibromomethane
Tetrabromomethane
1,1-Dibromoethane
1,2-Dibromoethane
Tetrabromoethane

Names of Bromoform:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Tribromomethane

Other names:
Bromoform
Methenyl tribromide
Methyl tribromide
Tribromomethane

Synonyms of Bromoform:
Tribromomethane
Methane tribromide
Methyl tribromide
Bromoform
tribromomethane
75-25-2
Methane, tribromo-
Tribrommethan
Methenyl tribromide
Methyl tribromide
Tribrommethaan
Tribromometan
Bromoforme
Bromoformio
CHBr3
RCRA waste number U225
NCI-C55130
UNII-TUT9J99IMU
NSC 8019
TUT9J99IMU
CHEBI:38682
MFCD00000128
Bromoforme
Bromoformio
Tribrommethaan
Tribrommethan
Tribromometan
CCRIS 98
Bromoform
MBR
HSDB 2517
EINECS 200-854-6
UN2515
RCRA waste no. U225
BRN 1731048
bromo form
AI3-28587
Tri bromo methane
WLN: EYEE
Bromoform, technical grade
DSSTox_CID_1374
DSSTox_RID_76118
DSSTox_GSID_21374
SCHEMBL18691
4-01-00-00082
BIDD:ER0622
Bromoform, puriss., 97.0%
CHEMBL345248
DTXSID1021374
NSC8019
Bromoform
AMY21869
BCP10566
Bromoform (stabilized with Ethanol)
NSC-8019
ZINC8101061
Tox21_200189
Bromoform 100 microg/mL in Methanol
Bromoform, 96%, stab. with ethanol
AKOS009031540
AT27291
Bromoform 5000 microg/mL in Methanol
DB03054
UN 2515
CAS-75-25-2
Bromoform, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
NCGC00091318-01
NCGC00091318-02
NCGC00257743-01
BP-21414
I606
Tribromomethane (stabilized with Ethanol)
Tribromomethane 100 microg/mL in Methanol
B0806
FT-0623248
FT-0623471
S0653
T0348
Bromoform, amylene stabilized, analytical standard
Q409799
J-519947
Bromoform, contains 1-3% ethanol as stabilizer, 96%
F0001-1896
Bromoform - contains 60-120ppm 2-Methyl-2-butene as stabilizer
BROMOFORM (CONTAINS 60-120PPM 2-METHYL-2-BUTENE AS STABILIZER)
Bromoform, contains 60-120 ppm 2-methyl-2-butene as stabilizer, 99%
220-823-0
2909-52-6
Bromform
Bromoform
Bromoforme
Bromoformi
Bromoformio
Bromofórmio
Bromoformo
CHBr3
Methane, tribromo-
methyl tribromide
MFCD00000128
Tribrommethaan
Tribrommethan
tribromometano
tribromometano
tribromomethane
Tribromométhane
[75-25-2]
200-854-6MFCD00000128
4471-18-5
Bromoform - contains 60-120ppm 2-Methyl-2-butene as stabilizer
Bromoform|Tribromomethane
Bromoform-d
Bromoforme
Bromoforme
Bromoformio
Bromoformio
MBR
METHENYL TRIBROMIDE
Tri bromo methane
Tribrommethaan
Tribrommethaan
Tribrommethan
Tribrommethan
tribromo methane
Tribromometan
Tribromometan
Tribromomethane, Methane tribromide, Methyl tribromide
TRIBROMOMETHANE|TRIBROMOMETHANE
WLN: EYEE

MeSH of Bromoform:
bromoform
tribromomethane
BRONIDOX L
Bronidox L is an almost colorless, transparent liquid preservative for use in surfactant preparations and a wide range of cosmetic rinse-off products.
Bronidox L is an antimicrobial chemical compound.


CAS Number: 30007-47-7
EC Number: 250-001-7
MDL number: MFCD00101855
INCI: Propylene Glycol (and) 5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxane
Molecular Formula: C4H6BrNO4


Bronidox L acts as a preservative.
Bronidox L is the chemical compound 5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxane.
Bronidox L is an antimicrobial chemical compound.


Bronidox L causes inhibition of enzyme activity in bacteria.
Bronidox L is corrosive to metals.
Bronidox L is suitable for use in surfactant preparations and a wide range of cosmetic rinse-off products.


Bronidox L is stable up to 40°C and pH range of 5-8.
Bronidox L shows broad spectrum activity against bacteria and fungi.
Due to its good compatibility with other cosmetic raw materials, Bronidox L can also be combined with other cosmetic preservatives.


Bronidox L is recommended for formulating bath & shower, hair cleansing and hand cleansing products.
Bronidox L is an almost colorless, transparent liquid preservative for use in surfactant preparations and a wide range of cosmetic rinse-off products.
Bronidox L is stable up to 40°C and not subject to changes in preparations with a pH range of 5 to 8.


Bronidox L is a high purity dry substance having ≥99.5% as per standard Gas Chromatography QC analysis (by original manufacturer.
Bronidox L is the only product.
Bronidox L is slowly soluble in water buffers.


Bronidox L can be introduced at any stage of preparing liquid buffer/formulation.
With respect to given slower solubility, we recommend adding Bronidox L in the very beginning, i.e. immediately to water, and then
proceed with other buffer/formulation components.


Allow for mixing during at least 2 hours which is enough for complete dissolving ( ~20 °C ) of BND at the highest recommended
concentration of 0,12% ( stabilized liquid protein concentrates, stable ready-to-use assay component formulations ).
Bronidox L is an almost coulorless, transparent liquid.


Bronidox L is suitable for the preservation of surfactant preparations which are rinsed off after application and do not contain secondary amines.
Bronidox L belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,3-dioxanes.
These are organic compounds containing 1,3-dioxane, an aliphatic six-member ring with two oxygen atoms in ring positions 1 and 3.


Bronidox L is an organobromide that is a nitrobromo derivative of dioxane.
Bronidox L is corrosive to metals.
Melting point of Bronidox L is 60 ° C.


Bronidox L is a cyclic ether of the group of molecules known as -oxanes.
This name is confused with a very similar notation used for many silicones: polydimthylsiloxane.
Keep Bronidox L container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.


Bronidox L is an organobromide.
Bronidox L is a derivative of nitrobromo dioxane.
Bronidox L is corrosive to metals.


Bronidox L is a white solid with faint odor
Bronidox L is an organobromide that is a nitrobromo derivative of dioxane.
Bronidox L is corrosive to metals.


Bronidox L is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.
Bronidox L is a chemical compound showing antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi


Bronidox L is capable of promoting the oxidation of essential protein thiols, causing inhibition of enzyme activity leading to the inhibition of microbial growth
Bronidox L, also known as 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, exhibits antimicrobial properties against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi.


Bronidox L is commonly employed as a stabilizer and preservative in biological molecules and solutions, such as antibodies and antisera. Bronidox L finds application in rinse-off cosmetics, where it serves as a preserving agent.
Bronidox L is a white solid.


Bronidox L, also known as 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, exhibits antimicrobial properties against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi.
Bronidox L is commonly employed as a stabilizer and preservative in biological molecules and solutions, such as antibodies and antisera. Bronidox L finds application in rinse-off cosmetics, where it serves as a preserving agent.


Bronidox L is a white powder.
The N-nitrosation potential of Bronidox L is similar to its metabolite, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
Bronidox L is a substituted cyclic ether.


Bronidox L is a popular chemical for the water treatment.
Bronidox L is an antimicrobial agent.
Bronidox L works by inhibiting enzyme activity in bacteria.


Bronidox L is an antibacterial agent which is also very effective against yeast and fungi.
Bronidox L is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Bronidox L is soluble in DMSO.


Bronidox L is 10% 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane in propylenglycol.
Although generally considered as rather neutral diol, propylenglycol (1,2-Propandiol)
Bronidox L may however interfere with some IVD applications .


Bronidox L is a high purity dry substance having ≥99.5% as per standard Gas Chromatography QC analysis (by original manufacturer.
Bronidox L is the only product.
Bronidox L is slowly soluble in water buffers.


Bronidox L can be introduced at any stage of preparing liquid buffer/formulation.
With respect to given slower solubility, we recommend adding Bronidox L in the very beginning, i.e. immediately to water, and then
proceed with other buffer/formulation components.


Allow for mixing during at least 2 hours which is enough for complete dissolving ( ~20 °C ) of BND at the highest recommended
concentration of 0,12% ( stabilized liquid protein concentrates, stable ready-to-use assay component formulations ).


Bronidox L is a chemical compound showing antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi.
Bronidox L is capable of promoting the oxidation of essential protein thiols, causing inhibition of enzyme activity leading to the inhibition of microbial growth.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BRONIDOX L:
Product Applications of Bronidox L: Bath & Shower, Hair Cleansing, Hand Cleansing.
Bronidox L is used a wide range of products in various personal care market segments such as Antiperspirant/Deodorants, Body Care, Oral Care, Sun Care, and more.


These high-performing products enable the development of formulations that fulfill consumer’s needs.
Bronidox L has broad spectrum activity against bacteria and fungi.
Due to its good compatibility with other cosmetic raw materials, Bronidox L can also be combined with other cosmetic preservatives.


Fungicide, Bronidox L is effective against yeast and other fungi.
Bronidox L is used in immunology for preserving antibodies and antisera in 0.1 - 0.5% concentration.
Bronidox L is used as preservative to avoid use of sodium azide.


Bronidox L is used Stabilizer.
Bronidox L has been used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as a preservative for shampoos, foam bath, etc.
Bronidox L is used as Stabilizer, and Surfactant.


Bronidox L is used in immunology for preserving antibodies and antisera in 0.1 - 0.5% concentration.
Bronidox L is used as preservative to avoid use of sodium azide.
Bactericide uses of Bronidox L: Very effective against yeast and fungi.


Bronidox L is used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as preservative for shampoos, foam bath, etc.
Maximum concentration of Bronidox L is 0.1 %.
Bronidox L is approved anti - microbial biocide/preservative in IVD, Pharma and Cosmetic industries.


Bronidox L is 10% 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane in propylenglycol.
Although generally considered as rather neutral diol, propylenglycol (1,2-Propandiol)
Bronidox L may however interfere with some IVD applications .


Bronidox L is absolutely reliable anti -microbial biocide ideal for preserving liquid IVD formulations including reagents containing high protein, sugar and detergent concentrations that are particularly rich substrates prone to microbial deterioration.
Bronidox L has been used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions, including antibodies and antisera


Bronidox L can be used alone or combined with methylisothiazolinone, which is also considered to be an effective preservative
Bronidox L is used leather auxiliary agents, water treatment chemicals, petroleum auxiliary agents, textile auxiliary agents, coating auxiliary agents, plastic auxiliary agents, others, rubber auxiliary agents, electronics chemicals, paper chemicals, surfactants.


Bronidox L has been used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as a preservative for shampoos and baths, conditioners, liquid soaps, herbal extracts, clear soaps, and cloudy soaps.
Bronidox L is used as a preservative, surfacant, bactericide and preservative in immunosuppressants and cosmetics.


Bronidox L is used leather auxiliary agents, water treatment chemicals, petroleum additives, textile agent auxiliaries, coating auxiliaries, plastic auxiliaries, others, rubber auxiliary agent, electronics chemicals, paper chemicals, surface stimulants
Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer, surfacant, bactericide, and a preservative in immunology and cosmetics.


Bronidox L has been used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as preservative for shampoos and foam baths.
Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions such as antibodies and antisera.
Bronidox L is used in a variety of rinse-off cosmetic.


Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone.
Bronidox L is a powerful bactericidal agent and preservative that can be used in cosmetics.
Bronidox L is a liquid preservative.


Caused by a mixture of 1,2-propylene glycol and Bronidox L is suitable for use with surfactants that are washed off after use.
Bronidox L can withstand temperatures up to 40 ° C and does not change when used to prepare surfactants in the pH range of 5 to 8.
Bronidox L is an effective antimicrobial and preservative.


This is especially true of yeast and mold.
Bronidox L is slightly more soluble in water than alcohol.
But Bronidox L is present in the hair formula in such a low percentage that there is no concern about the build-up on the hair irrespective of the hair care routine. (no shampoo, low shampoo, etc.)


According to the EU, there are regulations for cosmetics that the maximum allowable concentration of the active substance is 0.1% (only in rinses for avoid birth nitrosoamine) is most commonly used with shampoo, shower cream, laundry detergent and fabric softener, etc.
Bronidox L is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses) and in formulation or re-packing.


Bronidox L has been used in cosmetics since the mid-1970s as preservative for shampoos and foam baths.
Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer, surfacant, bactericide, and a preservative in immunology and cosmetics.
Bronidox L is used in the following products: perfumes and fragrances and cosmetics and personal care products.


Other release to the environment of Bronidox L is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Bronidox L is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals.
Bronidox L is used in the following areas: health services.


Other release to the environment of Bronidox L is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance.
Bronidox L is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, perfumes and fragrances and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of Bronidox L can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions such as antibodies and antisera.
Bronidox L is used in a variety of rinse-off cosmetic.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone.


Bronidox L has been used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions, including antibodies and antisera
Bronidox L can be used alone or combined with methylisothiazolinone, which is also considered to be an effective preservative
Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions such as antibodies and antisera.


Bronidox L is used in a variety of rinse-off cosmetic.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone to enhance its effectiveness.


Bronidox L is a bromine containing preservative commonly used in cosmetic products.
Bronidox L, an antimicrobial compound, is effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, including yeast.
Bronidox L inhibits enzyme activity and subsequent inhibition of microbial growth by the oxidation of essential protein thiol.


Bronidox L is An antibacterial agent.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone to enhance its effectiveness.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Bronidox L is used as a preservative


Ingredients that prevent or retard bacterial growth, and thus protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
Bronidox L is used in bath, hair and personal cleanliness products.
Bronidox L functions as a preservative


Ingredients that prevent or retard bacterial growth, and thus protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
Bronidox L prevents or retards bacterial growth, and thus protects cosmetic and personal care products from spoilage.
Bronidox L is used shower gels, conditioners, shampoos, body scrubs, hair masks.


Bronidox L is absolutely reliable anti -microbial biocide ideal for preserving liquid IVD formulations including reagents containing high protein, sugar and detergent concentrations that are particularly rich substrates prone to microbial deterioration.
In recommended effective concentrations Bronidox L is unrestrictedly compatible with all processes, buffers and reaction steps in ELISA, Blotting and related tests.


Bronidox L goes not interfere in coating/adsorption, analyte capturing (from different specimens including serum/plasma, urine, saliva, diluted excrements, etc.), detection and substrate development(TMB, ECL).
Bronidox L shows antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and fungi.


Bronidox L is used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions such as antibodies and antisera.
Bronidox L is used in a variety of rinse-off cosmetic.
Bronidox L can be used alone or in combination with methylisothiazolone.


Bronidox L has been used as a stabilizer and preserving agent for biological molecules and solutions, including antibodies and antisera.
Bronidox L can be used alone or combined with methylisothiazolinone, which is also considered to be an effective preservative.
Bronidox L is approved anti-microbial biocide/preservative in
IVD, Pharma and Cosmetic industries.



FUNCTION OF BRONIDOX L:
*An antibacterial agent which is also very effective against yeast and fungi.
*Preservative.



CHEMICAL FUNCTION OF BRONIDOX L:
*Preservative



COMPOUND TYPE OF BRONIDOX L:
*Bromide Compound
*Inorganic Compound
*Lachrymator
*Organic Compound
*Organobromide
*Pesticide
*Synthetic Compound



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF BRONIDOX L:
*C-nitro compounds
*Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds
*Oxacyclic compounds
*Organic oxoazanium compounds
*Acetals
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Organonitrogen compounds
*Organobromides
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Alkyl bromides



SUBSTITUENTS OF BRONIDOX L:
*Meta-dioxane
*C-nitro compound
*Organic nitro compound
*Acetal
*Organic oxoazanium
*Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
*Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
*Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
*Oxacycle
*Organooxygen compound
*Organonitrogen compound
*Organobromide
*Organic nitrogen compound
*Organohalogen compound
*Alkyl bromide
*Alkyl halide
*Organopnictogen compound
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organic oxide
*Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound



SOLUBILITY AND MISCIBILITY OF BRONIDOX L:
Ethylether: very soluble
Ethylalcohol: very soluble
Parrafin Oil: practically insoluble
Water: sparingly soluble (o.5% a.i.)



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF BRONIDOX L:
*Bronidox L is a cyclic aliphatic ether
*An organic compound that contains an oxygen atom bound to two hydrocarbon groups.
*An ether compound is often represented by R-O-R’.
*Bronidox L is also used as a preservative
*Ingredients that prevent or retard bacterial growth, and thus protect cosmetic products from spoilage.
*in water systems, paints, cutting oils and in leather processing.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BRONIDOX L:
Chemical formula: C4H6BrNO4
Molar mass: 211.999 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Melting point: 60 °C (140 °F; 333 K), 58.5−62 °C
Solubility in water: insoluble
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: 59 °C at 1.013,25 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 185,2 °C at 200 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available

Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 4,77 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,6 at 23 °C
Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,34 hPa at 50 °C
Density: 1,96 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: 1,96 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none

Other safety information:
Surface tension: 71 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C
Melting Point: 58°C to 61°C
Color: White
Solubility Information: Soluble in water at 12.5mg/ml
Formula Weight: 212
Percent Purity: 98%
Physical Form: Powder
Chemical Name or Material: 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
Chemical Formula: C4H6BrNO4
Average Molecular Mass: 211.999 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 210.948 g/mol
CAS Registry Number: 30007-47-7
IUPAC Name: 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane

Traditional Name: 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
SMILES: [O-][N+](=O)C1(Br)COCOC1
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C4H6BrNO4/c5-4(6(7)8)1-9-3-10-2-4/h1-3H2
InChI Key: InChIKey=XVBRCOKDZVQYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Formula: C₄H₆BrNO₄
MW: 212.00 g/mol
Melting Pt: 58…61 °C
Storage Temperature: Refrigerator
MDL Number: MFCD00101855
CAS Number: 30007-47-7
EINECS: 250-001-7
Molecular Weight: 212.00 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 210.94802 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 210.94802 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 64.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 139
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Melting point: 58-60 °C
Boiling point: 280.8±40.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.070
vapor pressure: 1.6Pa at 20℃
refractive index: 1.6200 (estimate)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: DMF: 30 mg/ml; DMSO: 30 mg/ml;
DMSO:PBS(pH 7.2) (1:4): 0.2 mg/ml;
Ethanol: 25 mg/ml
form: neat
color: White to Almost white
Water Solubility: Soluble in water at 12.5mg/ml
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6BrNO4/c5-4(6(7)8)1-9-3-10-2-4/h1-3H2
InChIKey: XVBRCOKDZVQYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: O1CC(Br)([N+]([O-])=O)COC1
LogP: 1.6 at 23℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 30007-47-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: U184I9QBNM
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,3-Dioxane, 5-bromo-5-nitro-(30007-47-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: 1,3-Dioxane, 5-bromo-5-nitro- (30007-47-7)
Name: 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
EINECS: 250-001-7
CAS No.: 30007-47-7
Density: 1.83 g/cm3
PSA: 64.28000
LogP: 0.88180
Solubility: Soluble in water at 12.5mg/ml
Melting Point: 60 °C

Formula: C4H6BrNO4
Boiling Point: 280.8 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight: 212
Flash Point: 123.6 °C
Transport Information: N/A
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Safety: 36
Risk Codes: 22-38
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 280.76 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.004000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 254.00 °F. TCC ( 123.60 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 0.749 (est)
Soluble in: water, 9423 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)



FIRST AID MEASURES of BRONIDOX L:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water.
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BRONIDOX L:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BRONIDOX L:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BRONIDOX L:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BRONIDOX L:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B:
Non-combustible



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BRONIDOX L:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Propylene Glycol
5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxane
Propylene Glycol
5-Bromo-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxane
5-Brom-5-Nitro-1,3-Dioxan
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-Dioxan
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-Dioxane
1,3-Dioxane, 5-Bromo-5-Nitro-
BRONIDOX L5
BRONIDOX L
BND
BRONIDOX
BRONIDOX L
5-BROMO-5-NITRO-1,3-DIOXANE
3-Dioxane,5-bromo-5-nitro-1
5-Brom-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
5-bromo-5-nitro-3-dioxane
5-bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxan
Bromonitrodioxane
Bronidox L
Bronidox, 1,3-Dioxane
5-bromo-5-nitro-
m-Dioxane
5-bromo-5-nitro- (8CI)
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
Bronidox
Bronidox L
Microcide I
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
m-Dioxane, 5-bromo-5-nitro-
5-Brom-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxane
Bronidox
Bronidox L
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
30007-47-7
Bronidox
1,3-Dioxane, 5-bromo-5-nitro-
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxane
m-DIOXANE, 5-BROMO-5-NITRO-
5-Brom-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
MFCD00101855
U184I9QBNM
DTXSID1044560
EINECS 250-001-7
UNII-U184I9QBNM
BRN 4668673
Bronidox L
MICROCIDE I
SCHEMBL97282
CHEMBL3185787
DTXCID9024560
SCHEMBL17347337
XVBRCOKDZVQYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Tox21_301588
AKOS015834980
AKOS040744440
CS-W015032
HY-W014316
NCGC00255969-01
AS-15941
PD053603
SY014363
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, >=99%
CAS-30007-47-7
B3156
B3769
FT-0620143
5-BROMO-5-NITRO-1,3-DIOXANE [INCI]
D88989
EN300-7381687
5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, analytical standard
Q-200534
Q4973879
BND
BRONIDOX
BRONIDOX L
MicrocideItm
5-bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxan
5-bromo-5-nitro-3-dioxane
5-Brom-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxane
5-BROMO-5-NITRO-1,3-DIOXANE
3-Dioxane,5-bromo-5-nitro-1
5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxolane
5-BroMo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane
5-Bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxane
5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxan
m-DIOXANE,5-BROMO-5-NITRO
1,3-Dioxane,5-bromo-5-nitro
Bronidox L
Unidox L



BRONOPOL
Bronopol is a white crystals, ignite easily and burn readily.
Bronopol works by releasing bromine ions when it comes into contact with water, and these ions have antimicrobial properties that help to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Bronopol, also known by its chemical name 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, is a synthetic organic compound used primarily as a preservative and antimicrobial agent.

CAS Number: 52-51-7
Molecular Formula: C3H6BrNO4
Molecular Weight: 199.99
EINECS Number: 200-143-0

Bronopol is known for its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, making Bronopol useful in preventing microbial contamination in various products.
Bronopol, a formaldehyde releaser, was reported as an allergen in dairy workers.
In a recent case report, bronopol was contained in a lubricant jelly used for ultrasound examination and caused contact dermatitis in a veterinary surgeon.

Bronopol is synthesized by the reaction of nitromethane with paraformaldehyde in an alkaline environment, followed by bromination.
Bronopol may detonate under strong shock.

After crystallization, bronopol powder may be milled to produce a powder of the required fineness.
Bronopol is commonly found in a variety of personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications.

Bronopol has been used in cosmetics, toiletries, shampoos, soaps, and pharmaceuticals to extend the shelf life of these products and prevent spoilage or degradation due to microbial contamination.

Bronopol (INN; chemical name 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial.
Bronopol is a white solid although commercial samples appear yellow.
The first reported synthesis of bronopol was in 1897.

Bromopol was invented by The Boots Company PLC in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.
Due to its low mammalian toxicity at in-use levels and high activity against bacteria, especially Gram-negative species, bronopol became popular as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
Bronopol was subsequently adopted as an antimicrobial in other industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration, and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.

Bronopol, 2-bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol, is an aliphatic halogenonitro compound with potent antibacterial activity but limited activity against fungi(Guthrie, 1999).
Bronopols activity is reduced somewhat by 10% serum and to a greater extent by sulphydryl compounds, but is unaffected by 1% polysorbate or 0.1% lecithin.
Bronopol has a half-life of about 96 daysat pH 8 and 25oC (Toler, 1985).

Bronopol is most stable under acid conditons;the initial decomposition appears to involve the liberation of formaldehyde and the formulation of bromonitroethanol.
A secondorder reaction involving bronopol and formaldehyde occurs simultaneously to produce 2-hydro-xymethyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, which itself decomposes with the loss of formaldehyde.
Bronopol has been employed extensively as a preservative for pharmaceuticalandcosmetic products.

However, its use to preserve products containing secondary amines should be avoided as the by-product of this reaction is nitrosoamine which is carcinogenic.
Details of the microbiological activity,chemical stability,toxicology and uses of bronopol are documented by Bryce et al.
Dcnyer and Wallhausser (1990) have provided useful information about bronopol, the typical in-use concentration of which is 0.01-0.1% w/v.

Bronopol act as appropriate neutralizers inpreservative efficacy tests.
Bronopol is an antimicrobial agent commonly used as a preservative in many types of cosmetics, personal care products, and topical medications.
Bronopol is used as an anti-infective, an antimicrobial, fungicide, germicide, bactericide, slimicide, and a wood preservative.

Bronopol is reportedly very effective against grampositive and gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as against fungi and yeasts.
Bronopol may release formaldehyde and cross-reacts with other formaldehyde-releasing substances.
Bronopol BP is a white and almost white crystalline powder that is soluble in water.

Bronopol is used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts.
Bronopol can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.

Bronopol is produced by the bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, which is derived from nitromethane by a nitroaldol reaction.
World production increased from the tens of tonnes in the late 1970s to current estimates in excess of 5,000 tonnes.
Production today is the business of low cost producers, mainly in China.

As a pure material, bronopol has a melting point of about 130 °C.
However, due to its polymorphic characteristics, bronopol undergoes a lattice rearrangement at 100 to 105 °C and this can often be wrongly interpreted as the melting point.
At temperatures above 140 °C, bronopol decomposes exothermically releasing hydrogen bromide and oxides of nitrogen.

Bronopol is readily soluble in water; the dissolution process is endothermic.
Solutions containing up to 28% w/v are possible at ambient temperature.
Bronopol is poorly soluble in non-polar solvents but shows a high affinity for polar organic solvents.

Bronopol was rapidly absorbed in animal studies.
Bronopol may be absorbed via aerosol inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion 6.
In rats, approximately 40% of the topically applied dose of bronopol was absorbed through the skin within 24 hr 6.

Following oral administration of 1 mg/kg in rats, the peak plasma concentrations of bronopol were reached up to 2 hours post-dosing
Bronopol undergoes degradation in aqueous medium to form bromonitroethanol from a retroaldol reaction with the liberation of an equimolar amount of formaldehyde 4.
Formaldehyde is a degradation product of bronopol, which may cause sensitization 6.
Bromonitroethanol further decomposes to formaldehyde and bromonitromethane.

Bromonitroethanol may also break down to release a nitrite ion and 2-bromoethanol.
Metabolism studies indicate that bronopol is primarily excreted in the urine 9.
In rats, about 19% of dermally-applied bronopol was excreted in the urine, feces and expired air 6.

Following oral administration of 1 mg/kg radiolabelled bronopol in rats, approximately 81% and 6% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the urine and expired air, respectively, within a period of 24 hours 5.
Following intravenous administration in rat, the recoveries in the urine and expired air were 74% and 9% of the dose, respectively

The half-life of bronopol in the biological systems is not reported in the literature.
The half-life value reported for bronopol reflects the environment fate of the compound.
When released into the air as vapours, bronopol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals where the half life for this reaction is approximately 11 days 6.

The photolysis half-life is 24 hours in water but may be up to 2 days under natural sunlight
Bronopol, or 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals and was registered in the United States in 1984 for use in industrial bactericides, slimicides and preservatives.

Bronopol is used as a microbicide or microbiostat in various commercial and industrial applications, including oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning or humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer products.
Compared to other aliphatic halogen-nitro compounds, bronopol is more stable to hydrolysis in aqueous media under normal conditions.
The inhibitory activity against various bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was demonstrated in vitro.

The agent is largely available commercially as an antibacterial for a variety of industrial purposes while it is predominantly available for purchase as a pet animal litter antibacterial at the domestic consumer level.
Nevertheless, ongoing contemporary re-evaluations of bronopol use in large markets such as Canada now place various compositional and product restrictions on the use of the agent in cosmetic products and in other products where it may not primarily be used in the role of a non-medicinal preservative antimicrobial.

Bromonitroethanol itself is significantly less stable than bronopol, and in the range of conditions studied, its maximum concentration did not exceed 0.5% of the initial concentrations of bronopol.
At the same time, a second-order reaction occurs with the participation of bronopol and formaldehyde to obtain 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol.
The antimicrobial activity of bronopol is mainly due to the presence of electron-deficient bromine atoms in the molecules, which exhibit oxidizing properties, and not the ability to release formaldehyde.

The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of bronopol consists of cross-linking of sulfhydride groups of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur on the surface of microbial cells.
Disulfide bridges block the metabolism of microorganisms.
Bronopol is used as a preservative in various cosmetic, pharmaceutical, toiletry and household preparations at concentrations of up to 0.1% (wt/vol) particularly because of its high activity against Gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pseudomonad.

Bronopol hydrolyzes within 3 h at 60 °C and pH 8, producing formaldehyde, nitrosamines, and other molecules.
Although the parent compound (bronopol) is rather short-lived in the environment, its degradation products are toxic and more persistent.
The protection against the bactericidal activity of bronopol afforded by catalase or superoxide dismutase suggests that the activity stems from the aerobic interaction and the generation of active oxygen species from oxygen diffusing into the suspensions during bronopol treatment.

The acute oral LD50 was 307 mg/kg for rat males and 342 mg/kg for females.
Bronopol is moderately toxic by the oral route. Results from an acute dermal toxicity study while inadequate, suggest bronopol is highly toxic by the dermal route.
Bronopol is an antimicrobial agent commonly used as a preservative in many types of cosmetics, personal care products and topical medications.

Bronopol is used as an anti-infective, antimicrobial, fungicide, germicide, bactericide, slimicide and wood preservative.
Bronopol is a formaldehyde-releasing preservative (FRP), which is used in place of formaldehyde for people who are sensitive to it.

Melting point: 130-133 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 358.0±42.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 2.0002 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6200 (estimate)
Flash point: 167°C
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: H2O: soluble100mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
pka: 12.02±0.10(Predicted)
form Crystals or Crystalline Powder
color: White to yellow
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: 25 g/100 mL (22 ºC)
Merck: 14,1447
BRN: 1705868
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and anhydrides, moisture.
LogP: 1.150 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 52-51-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL
FDA 21 CFR: 176.300

Bronopol) is an organic compound that belongs to the family of nitro compounds.
Bronopol is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a slightly bitter taste.
Bronopol is widely used as a preservative in various cosmetic and personal care products, such as shampoos, hair conditioners, body washes, and skin creams, to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Bronopol works by releasing formaldehyde, which is toxic to microorganisms, in small amounts over time.
Bronopol has also been used as a biocide in industrial applications, such as cooling water systems, oil drilling fluids, and paper processing, to prevent microbial growth and contamination.
Bronopol has been approved for use as a preservative in cosmetic and personal care products by regulatory agencies such as the US FDA, but its use has been restricted in some countries due to concerns over its potential to release formaldehyde, which is a known carcinogen.

Bronopol cause significant reductions in the activity of bronopol, and cysteine hydrochloride may be used as the deactivating agent in preservative efficacy tests; lecithin/polysorbate combinations are unsuitable for this purpose.
Bronopol is incompatible with sodium thiosulfate, with sodium metabisulfite, and with amine oxide or protein hydrolysate surfactants.
Owing to an incompatibility with aluminum, the use of aluminum in the packaging of products that contain bronopol should be avoided.

Bronopol is supplied as crystals or crystalline powder, which may vary from white to pale yellow in colour depending on the grade.
The yellow coloration is due to chelation of iron during the manufacturing process.
Under extreme alkaline conditions, bronopol decomposes in aqueous solution and very low levels of formaldehyde are produced.

Liberated formaldehyde is not responsible for the biological activity associated with bronopol.
Other decomposition products detected after bronopol breakdown are bromide ion, nitrite ion, bromonitroethanol and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
At concentrations of 12.5 to 50 μg/mL, bronopol mediated an inhibitory activity against various strains of Gram negative and positive bacteria in vitro 3.

The bactericidal activity is reported to be greater against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive cocci 3.
Bronopol was also demonstrated to be effective against various fungal species, but the inhibitory action is reported to be minimal compared to that of against bacterial species 3.
The inhibitory activity of bronopol decreases with increasing pH of the media 3,9.

Bronopol also elicits an anti-protozoal activity, as demonstrated with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in vitro and in vivo 2.
Bronopol is proposed that bronopol affects the survival of all free-living stages of I.
Bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) is a bactericide with limited effectiveness against fungal organisms.

Bronopol is active against Pseudomonas species and should be used at a pH of 5 to 8.8, below the application temperature of 45 ° C.
Bronopol has a complex mechanism of action that attacks thiol groups in cells, suppressing respiration and cellular metabolism.
Research indicates that bronopol is a corrosive eye irritant and moderate to severe skin irritant in rabbits.

The fate of the environment and the ecological consequences of the use of Bronopol are moderately highly toxic for estuarine / marine invertebrates; slightly toxic to marine fish; slightly toxic to birds with acute oral ingestion.
However, no quantitative risk assessment has been carried out.
The risk to the aquatic environment is being addressed under the NPDES permitting program by the Water Resources Authority.

Bronopol is now required that labels on all products containing Bronopol meet NPDES requirements.
Bronopol is proposed that bronopol generates biocide-induced bacteriostasis followed by a growth at an inhibited rate in bacteria, via two distinct reactions between bronopol and essential thiols within the bacterial cell 1.
Under aerobic conditions, bronopol catalyzes the oxidation of thiol groups, such as cysteine, to disulfides.

This reaction is accompanied by rapid consumption of oxygen, where oxygen acts as the final oxidant.
During the conversion of cysteine to cystine, radical anion intermediates such as superoxide and peroxide are formed from bronopol to exert a direct bactericidal activity.
The oxidation of excess thiols alters the redox state to create anoxic conditions, leading to a second reaction involving the oxidation of intracellular thiols such as glutathione to its disulfide.

The resulting effects are inhibition of enzyme function, and reduced growth rate following the bacteriostatic period 1.
Under the anoxic conditions, the reaction between thiol and bronopol decelerates without the involvement of oxygen and the consumption of bronopol predominates.
Bronopol is ultimately removed from the reaction via consumption and resumption of bacterial growth occurs 1.

Bronopol is a fairly popular broad-spectrum preservative, which allows it to be used in some formulations as the only preservative.
Bronopol is effective at low concentrations; as a rule, dosages used in cosmetics are below the maximum allowable limit of 0.1%, established by law.
The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of bronopol is quite complex, and, as a rule, it is not associated with the release of formaldehyde.

That is why it is considered that it is a mistake to classify this preservative as a typical formaldehyde donor.
Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that formaldehyde is nevertheless formed during the decomposition of bronopol, and the presence of cross-sensitivity to bronopol with an
established allergy to formaldehyde takes place.
However, the release of formaldehyde does not occur at the same rate and in the same amount under different conditions.

The main factors affecting the destruction of bronopol are pH, sunlight and temperature.
Bronopol was found that with the addition of citric acid, which lowers the pH, the decomposition of bronopol in aqueous solutions slows down, which is quite natural, and an increase in temperature and exposure to sunlight increases the rate of decomposition.
These facts are taken into account when formulating recipes.

There are few quantitative data on the destruction of bronopol - much less than for typical formaldehyde donors, but they are still there; the highest concentration of formaldehyde in alkaline compounds, which is quite natural, but they are not so high as to cause concern or put a warning about the presence of formaldehyde in the marking.
The pH range from 5 to 6 can be considered quite favorable for the preservative's behavior and for the skin.

Uses
Bronopol has been used as reference standard in ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UPLC-ICP-MS) method for determination of bromine containing preservatives from cosmetic products.
First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts.

Bronopol can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.
Bronopol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.
Bronopol a formulating technical material is also registered.

Bronopol is used in consumer products as an effective preservative agent, as well as a wide variety of industrial applications (almost any industrial water system is a potential environment for bacterial growth, leading to slime and corrosion problems - in many of these systems bronopol can be a highly effective treatment).
The use of bronopol in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.

While bronopol is not in itself a nitrosating agent, under conditions where it decomposes (alkaline solution and/or elevated temperatures) it can liberate nitrite and low levels of formaldehyde and these decomposition products can react with any contaminant secondary amines or amides in a personal care formulation to produce significant levels of nitrosamines.
Manufacturers of personal care products are therefore instructed by regulatory authorities to avoid the formation of nitrosamines which might mean removing amines or amides from the formulation, removing bronopol from a formulation, or using nitrosamine inhibitors.

Bronopol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.
Bronopol is used as a preservative in various cosmetic and household products due to its high activity against gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pseudomonads.
These organisms are common water dwellers and can cause pollution and deterioration problems.

Bronopol is an effective antibacterial preservative in a wide pH range.
Bronopol is stable at acidic pH values and is also useful as a labile antibacterial preservative in an alkaline environment.
Due to its broad spectrum antibacterial activity, Bronopol can also be used as an active agent, for example in aerosol preparations.

Bronopol is often used in cosmetics, toiletries, shampoos, soaps, lotions, and other personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
Bronopol helps extend the shelf life of these products and maintains their quality.

Bronopol is used in some pharmaceutical formulations to preserve the integrity of drugs and prevent contamination by microorganisms.
This is especially important for products like eye drops, ointments, and creams.
Bronopol is used in water treatment systems to control the growth of bacteria and algae in cooling towers, swimming pools, and industrial water systems.

In the oil and gas industry, bronopol can be used to inhibit the growth of bacteria in drilling fluids, pipelines, and storage tanks, where bacterial growth can cause corrosion and other problems.
Bronopol is used in some paint and coating formulations to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.
Bronopol is sometimes added to paper and pulp processing to prevent microbial growth in papermaking processes.

Bronopol can be used to protect wood products from fungal and bacterial decay.
In agriculture, bronopol has been used as a preservative for certain agricultural products, such as fertilizers and pesticides.
Bronopol can be added to adhesives and sealants to prevent microbial growth, ensuring the longevity and quality of these products.

Bronopol is used in cooling and lubricating fluids, such as metalworking fluids and cutting oils, to control bacterial and fungal growth, which can cause degradation and odor.
In the leather industry, bronopol can be used to inhibit microbial growth during the tanning and processing of hides and skins.
While not a common use, bronopol has been employed in some food processing applications to control microbial contamination.

Bronopols use in the food industry is less prevalent compared to other food preservatives due to safety concerns.
Bronopol may be used in certain medical and healthcare products to prevent microbial contamination.
This includes items like contact lens solutions and some medical devices.

Some household cleaning products, including disinfectants and sanitizers, may contain bronopol as an active ingredient to kill or inhibit the growth of germs and bacteria.
Bronopol is used in cooling water systems, such as those in industrial facilities and power plants, to prevent microbial fouling and corrosion, which can damage equipment and reduce efficiency.
Bronopol can be added to laboratory reagents and solutions to inhibit microbial contamination and ensure the accuracy and reliability of experiments and tests.

Bronopol is used in various oilfield chemicals, including drilling fluids, to control bacteria and fungi that can thrive in the harsh conditions of oil and gas wells.
Bronopol may be applied in wood processing to protect logs and timber from decay and microbial infestation during storage and transportation.
Some printing inks incorporate bronopol to prevent the growth of microorganisms, ensuring the quality of printed materials.

Water-based paints and coatings can be susceptible to microbial contamination.
Bronopol is used in these products to extend their shelf life and maintain their quality.

Bronopol is used in some household and industrial mold and mildew control products, such as sprays and coatings, to prevent the growth of mold and mildew on surfaces.
In addition to its use in drilling fluids, bronopol can be employed in oil and gas production facilities to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and maintain the integrity of pipelines and equipment.

Health Hazard:
Bronopol, fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.

Bronopol contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

Fire Hazard:
Flammable/combustible material.
Bronopol may be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect.
Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence.

Bronopol may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point.
May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.

Safety Profile:
Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes.
Moderately toxic by skin contact.
An eye and human skin irritant.
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, and Br-.

Bronopol is used widely in topical pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics as an antimicrobial preservative.
Although bronopol has been reported to cause both irritant and hypersensitivity adverse reactions following topical use, it is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonsensitizing material at concentrations up to 0.1% w/v.

At a concentration of 0.02% w/v, bronopol is frequently used as a preservative in ‘hypoallergenic’ formulations.
Animal toxicity studies have shown no evidence of phototoxicity or tumor occurrence when bronopol is applied to rodents topically or administered orally; and there is no in vitro or in vivo evidence of mutagenicity; this is despite the demonstrated potential of bronopol to liberate nitrite on decomposition, which in the presence of certain amines may generate nitrosamines.
Formation of nitrosamines in formulations containing amines may be reduced by limiting the concentration of bronopol to 0.01% w/v and including an antioxidant such as 0.2% w/v alpha tocopherol or 0.05% w/v butylated hydroxytoluene;(14) other inhibitor systems may also be appropriate.

Storage:
Bronopol is stable and its antimicrobial activity is practically unaffected when stored as a solid at room temperature and ambient relative humidity for up to 2 years.
The pH of a 1.0% w/v aqueous solution is 5.0–6.0 and falls slowly during storage; solutions are more stable in acid conditions.
Microbiological assay results indicate longer half-lives than those obtained by HPLC and thus suggest that degradation products may contribute to antimicrobial activity.

Formaldehyde and nitrites are among the decomposition products, but formaldehyde arises in such low concentrations that its antimicrobial effect is not likely to be significant.
On exposure to light, especially under alkaline conditions, solutions become yellow or brown-colored but the degree of discoloration does not directly correlate with loss of antimicrobial activity.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed, nonaluminum container protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Synonyms
bronopol
52-51-7
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
Bronosol
Bronocot
Bronidiol
Bronopolu
Bronotak
Lexgard bronopol
Onyxide 500
Bronopolum
1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol
C3H6BrNO4
Caswell No. 116A
Bronopolu [Polish]
BNPD
MFCD00007390
beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol
Bioban
NSC 141021
Bronopolum [INN-Latin]
HSDB 7195
Myacide AS
Myacide AS plus
Myacide BT
Bronopol [INN:BAN:JAN]
EINECS 200-143-0
UNII-6PU1E16C9W
Myacide Pharma BP
Canguard 409
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 216400
NSC-141021
BNPK
BRN 1705868
6PU1E16C9W
DTXSID8024652
CHEBI:31306
AI3-61639
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol
Nalco 92RU093
UN3241
DTXCID904652
EC 200-143-0
1,2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
NCGC00164057-01
BRONOPOL (MART.)
BRONOPOL [MART.]
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol [UN3241] [Flammable Solid]
CAS-52-51-7
Pyceze
2-Bronopol
Bioban BP Plus
Ultra-Fresh SAB
bronopol (DCI)
Bactrinol 100
Protectol BN 98
Protectol BN 99
2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol
Acticide L 30
Preventol P 100
BE 6 (bactericide)
Topcide 2520
Bronopol (JAN/INN)
N 25 (antimicrobial)
BRONOPOL [HSDB]
BRONOPOL [INN]
BRONOPOL [JAN]
BRONOPOL [MI]
BRONOPOL [VANDF]
WLN: WNXE1Q1Q
1, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol)
BRONOPOL [WHO-DD]
Bronopol [BAN:INN:JAN]
SCHEMBL23260
C3-H6-Br-N-O4
BE 6
Bioban BNPD-40 (Salt/Mix)
CHEMBL1408862
SCHEMBL16556987
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-13-diol
LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-13-diol
AMY8948
2-Bromo-2-nitro-13-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1 3-diol
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1 3-propanediol
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanodiol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1 3-diol
2-bromo-2-nitropropano-1 3-diol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropano-1,3-diol
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1 3-propanediol
2-nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanodiol
HY-B1217
Tox21_112079
Tox21_300126
BDBM50248122
LS-172
NA3241
NSC141021
s4553
1,3-propanodiol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
2-bromanyl-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol
AKOS003606838
CCG-213823
CS-4699
DB13960
USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 216400
NCGC00164057-02
NCGC00164057-03
NCGC00253984-01
AS-11889
N 25
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98%
.beta.-Bromo-.beta.-nitrotrimethyleneglycol
B1247
Bronopol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
FT-0611399
D01577
E85247
EN300-141420
AB01563195_01
2-BROMO-2-NITROPROPANE-1,3-DIOL [INCI]
A829125
SR-01000944249
Q-200765
Q2462902
SR-01000944249-1
InChI=1/C3H6BrNO4/c4-3(1-6,2-7)5(8)9/h6-7H,1-2H2
BRONOPOL
Bronopol, a formaldehyde releaser, was reported as an allergen in dairy workers.
In a recent case report, bronopol was contained in a lubricant jelly used for ultrasound examination and caused contact dermatitis in a veterinary surgeon.
Bronopol is a white or almost white crystalline powder; odorless or with a faint characteristic odor.

CAS: 52-51-7
MF: C3H6BrNO4
MW: 199.99
EINECS: 200-143-0

Synonyms
Bronopol 1g [52-51-7];Broken Ball;2-BroMo-2-nitropropane-1;3-diol (Bronopol);Bronopol(2-BroMo-2-nitro-1,3-propanedio1);2-BroMo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98% 25GR;Bronopol BNPD;Bronopol 0
bronopol;52-51-7;2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol;2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol;Bronosol;Bronocot;Bronidiol;Bronopolu;Bronotak;Lexgard bronopol;Onyxide 500;Bronopolum;1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-;2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol;Caswell No. 116A;MFCD00007390;beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol;NSC 141021;Bronopolum [INN-Latin];HSDB 7195;EINECS 200-143-0;UNII-6PU1E16C9W;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 216400;NSC-141021;BRN 1705868;6PU1E16C9W;DTXSID8024652;CHEBI:31306;AI3-61639;2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol;DTXCID904652;EC 200-143-0;C3H6BrNO4;NCGC00164057-01;Bronopolum (INN-Latin);BRONOPOL(MART.);BRONOPOL [MART.];Bronopolu [Polish];Bioban;Myacide AS;Myacide AS plus;Myacide BT;CAS-52-51-7;Bronopol [INN:BAN:JAN];Myacide Pharma BP;Canguard 409;BNPD;Nalco 92RU093;UN3241;Remain Silver;Remain Gold;Bronopol solution;Gold-Bloc;Soft Tuch;2-Bronopol;Gil Sani-Guard;Bronopol Teat Dip;QM Gold;Ultra-Soft Barrier;2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol;1,2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol;Medic Booster Barrier;Bronopol (JAN/INN);BRONOPOL [HSDB];BRONOPOL [INN];BRONOPOL [JAN];BRONOPOL [MI];BRONOPOL [VANDF];WLN: WNXE1Q1Q;1, 2-bromo-2-nitro-;2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol);BRONOPOL [WHO-DD];SCHEMBL23260;TDX-84;Bioban BNPD-40 (Salt/Mix);CHEMBL140886;SCHEMBL16556987;LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-;AMY8948;2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol [UN3241] [Flammable Solid];ALBB-031641;HYB1217;Tox21_112079;Tox21_300126;BDBM50248122;NSC141021;s4553;2-bromanyl-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol;AKOS003606838;CCG-213823;CS-4699;DB13960;AST Inc. PRO-4 BARRIER TEAT DIP
;USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 216400;NCGC00164057-02;NCGC00164057-03;NCGC00253984-01;AS-11889
;2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98%;AST Inc. PRO-4 SANITIZING TEAT DIP;.beta.-Bromo-.beta.-nitrotrimethyleneglycol;DB-027831;B1247;Bronopol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard;NS00003792
;SFP INC. TD-44 SANITIZING TEAT DIP;D01577;E85247;EN300-141420;SBI-0653499.0001;AB01563195_01;A829125;SR-01000944249;Q-200765;Q2462902;SR-01000944249-1;BRD-K33457401-001-01-1;SFP INC. TD-44 BARRIER SANITIZING POST TEAT DIP;InChI=1/C3H6BrNO4/c4-3(1-6,2-7)5(8)9/h6-7H,1-2H2

Bronopol is a nitro compound.
Bronopol is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial.
Bronopol is a white solid although commercial samples appear yellow.
The first reported synthesis of bronopol was in 1897.
Bronopol was invented by The Boots Company PLC in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.
Due to Bronopol's low mammalian toxicity at in-use levels and high activity against bacteria, especially Gram-negative species, bronopol became popular as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
Bronopol was subsequently adopted as an antimicrobial in other industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration, and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.

Bronopol, also known as bronosol, is an organic compound first synthesized in 1897.
Bronopol is used as a preservative in numerous commercial applications thanks to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities.
Bronopol name you’ll see on the label is 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
Bronopol is a nitro compound that goes through the procedure of nitromethane bromination.
The obtained Bronopol further goes through the grounding process so that a fine powder can be acquired.
Bronopol is utilized as a microbicide or microbiostat in the application of commercial and industrial products.
Bronopol is quite stable to hydrolysis in an aqueous medium under normal conditions.

Bronopol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 130-133 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 358.0±42.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 2.0002 (rough estimate)
Refractive index: 1.6200 (estimate)
Fp: 167°C
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility H2O: soluble100mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
pka: 12.02±0.10(Predicted)
Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Color: White to yellow
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: 25 g/100 mL (22 ºC)
Merck: 14,1447
BRN: 1705868
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and anhydrides, moisture.
LogP: 1.150 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 52-51-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Bronopol (52-51-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Bronopol (52-51-7)

Physical and chemical properties
Appearance
Bronopol is supplied as crystals or crystalline powder, which may vary from white to pale yellow in colour depending on the grade.
The yellow coloration is due to chelation of iron during the manufacturing process.

Melting point
As a pure material, bronopol has a melting point of about 130 °C.
However, due to its polymorphic characteristics, bronopol undergoes a lattice rearrangement at 100 to 105 °C and this can often be wrongly interpreted as the melting point.
At temperatures above 140 °C, bronopol decomposes exothermically releasing hydrogen bromide and oxides of nitrogen.

Solubility
Bronopol is readily soluble in water; the dissolution process is endothermic.
Solutions containing up to 28% w/v are possible at ambient temperature.
Bronopol is poorly soluble in non-polar solvents but shows a high affinity for polar organic solvents.

Partition coefficient
Study of the solubility data shows that bronopol has a high affinity for polar rather than non-polar environments.
In two-phase systems, bronopol partitions preferentially into the polar (usually aqueous) phase.

Stability in aqueous solution
In aqueous solutions, bronopol is most stable when the pH of the system is on the acid side of neutral.
Temperature also has a significant effect on stability in alkaline systems.

Degradation
Under extreme alkaline conditions, bronopol decomposes in aqueous solution and very low levels of formaldehyde are produced.
Liberated formaldehyde is not responsible for the biological activity associated with bronopol.
Other decomposition products detected after bronopol breakdown are bromide ion, nitrite ion, bromonitroethanol and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.

Uses
First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts.
Bronopol can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.
Bronopol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.
A formulating technical material is also registered.
Bronopol has been used as reference standard in ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UPLC-ICP-MS) method for determination of bromine containing preservatives from cosmetic products.
Bronopol is used in consumer products as an effective preservative agent, as well as a wide variety of industrial applications (almost any industrial water system is a potential environment for bacterial growth, leading to slime and corrosion problems - in many of these systems bronopol can be a highly effective treatment).

The use of bronopol in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.
While bronopol is not in itself a nitrosating agent, under conditions where it decomposes (alkaline solution and/or elevated temperatures) it can liberate nitrite and low levels of formaldehyde and these decomposition products can react with any contaminant secondary amines or amides in a personal care formulation to produce significant levels of nitrosamines (due to the toxicity of these substances, the term 'significant' means levels as low as tens of parts per billion).
Manufacturers of personal care products are therefore instructed by regulatory authorities to avoid the formation of nitrosamines which might mean removing amines or amides from the formulation, removing bronopol from a formulation, or using nitrosamine inhibitors.
Bronopol has been restricted for use in cosmetics in Canada.

Bronopol has the ability to destroy the growth of microbes, makes it a good choice for floor cleaners, surface cleaners, and other cleaning applications.
However, Bronopol might not be useful as a skin cleanser as it is used at very low concentrations when Bronopol comes to skincare products and cosmetics.
Bronopol powder has antibacterial properties.
Bronopol is a white solid but industrial samples appear yellow.
This powder widely used in cosmetic and personal care products such as creams, rinses, shampoos, eye makeup items, and lotion to prevent bacterial growth and protect the product's integrity.
As bronopol is effective against a wide range of bacteria, yeast, fungi, and other microbes, it is also used in the manufacturing of hand sanitizers and other toiletries.
You may also use Bronopol to make DIY liquid soaps and hand washes.
Only for external body use.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Bronopol 0.01–0.1% w/v is used as an antimicrobial preservative either alone or in combination with other preservatives in topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and toiletries; the usual concentration is 0.02% w/v.

Production Methods
Bronopol is synthesized by the reaction of nitromethane with paraformaldehyde in an alkaline environment, followed by bromination.
After crystallization, bronopol powder may be milled to produce a powder of the required fineness.

Production
Bronopol is produced by the bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, which is derived from nitromethane by a nitroaldol reaction.
World production increased from the tens of tonnes in the late 1970s to current estimates in excess of 5,000 tonnes.
Production today is the business of low cost producers, mainly in China.

Manufacturing Process
A mixture of 441 g (3 mols) of calcium chloride dihydrate, 61 g (1 mol) of nitromethane, 163 g (2 mols) of formalin (37% formaldehyde solution) and 470 ml of water was cooled to 0°C and mixed with 5 g of calcium hydroxide while stirring.
The temperature thereby rose to 30°C.
As soon as the temperature had fallen again, a further 32 g of calcium hydroxide (total of 0.5 mol) were added.
The mixture was then cooled to 0°C and with intensive cooling and stirring, 159.8 g (1 mol, 51 ml) of bromine were dropped in at a rate so that the temperature remained at around 0°C.
After the addition was ended, the mixture was stirred for a further 2 hours, when the reaction product separated in crystalline form.
Bronopol was quickly filtered on a suction filter and the crystalline sludge obtained was taken up in 450 ml of ethylene chloride and dissolved at reflux.
Then by addition of magnesium sulfate, undissolved inorganic salts were separated and the solution was slowly cooled whereby 140 g (70% yield) of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol precipitated in colorless crystals melting at 123°-124°C.

Reactivity Profile
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides.
Bronopol is also incompatible with sulfhydryl compounds or with aluminum or iron containers (it is stable in contact with tin or stainless steel).

Fire Hazard
Flammable/combustible material.
May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames.
Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect.
Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence.
Bronopol may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point.
May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.

Health Hazard
Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
BRONOPOL
2-Bronopol; Bronosol; Bronopol; Onyxide 500; Beta-Bromo-Beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol; 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol; Bronidiol; Bronocot; bronopol; Bronopolu; Bronotak; Lexgard bronopol CAS:52-51-7
BRONOPOL SERIES  (PROTECTOL BN)
CI Food Brown 3; Chocolate brown HT; CI (1975) No. 20285; INS No. 155 CAS NO: 4553-89-3
Brown HT
BRYONOLIC ACID, N° CAS : 24480-45-3, Nom INCI : BRYONOLIC ACID, Nom chimique : D:C-Friedoolean-8-en-29-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, (3beta,20beta)-, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau
BRYONOLIC ACID
BUTA-1,3-DIENE, N° CAS : 106-99-0, Nom INCI : BUTA-1,3-DIENE
BUPLEURUM (CHAI HU) EXTRACT

Bupleurum (Chai Hu) Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the root of the Bupleurum chinense plant, known for its anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, and balancing properties.
Bupleurum Extract is recognized for its ability to soothe irritated skin, detoxify the skin, and promote a healthy complexion, making it a valuable addition to skincare and wellness formulations.
This versatile extract offers both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits, helping to maintain healthy, radiant, and balanced skin.

CAS Number: 84696-21-7
EC Number: 283-904-2

Synonyms: Bupleurum Extract, Bupleurum Root Extract, Chai Hu Extract, Bupleurum Chinense Root Extract, Bupleurum Falcatum Extract, Chaihu Herbal Extract, Bupleurum Chinense Extract, Chinese Thoroughwax Extract, Bupleurum Detoxifying Extract, Bupleurum Bioactive Extract, Bupleurum Phytocomplex, Bupleurum Phytoextract, Chinese Bupleurum Extract, Chai Hu Active, Bupleurum Herbal Concentrate, Bupleurum Natural Extract



APPLICATIONS


Bupleurum Extract is extensively used in the formulation of detoxifying creams, providing benefits that help purify and cleanse the skin while improving complexion.
Bupleurum Extract is favored in the creation of calming serums, where it helps to reduce redness, soothe inflamed skin, and detoxify congested skin.
Bupleurum Extract is utilized in the development of moisturizers, offering balancing and purifying properties for oily or combination skin.

Bupleurum Extract is widely used in the production of anti-inflammatory treatments, where it helps to calm irritated or reactive skin.
Bupleurum Extract is employed in the formulation of wellness creams, helping to balance hormonal skin concerns and detoxify skin affected by environmental pollutants.
Bupleurum Extract is essential in the creation of face masks, providing deep-cleansing benefits that purify pores and reduce skin impurities.

Bupleurum Extract is utilized in the production of scalp treatments, offering detoxifying and balancing benefits for the scalp, helping to promote healthy hair growth.
Bupleurum Extract is a key ingredient in the formulation of acne treatments, where it helps to detoxify the skin, reduce inflammation, and prevent breakouts.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the creation of protective serums, where it helps to enhance skin detoxification and promote a clear, radiant complexion.

Bupleurum Extract is applied in the formulation of facial oils, offering detoxifying and balancing care for congested or oily skin.
Bupleurum Extract is employed in the production of body lotions, providing all-over purifying and detoxifying benefits for skin prone to impurities and environmental stress.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the development of calming creams, providing deep relief and detoxifying care for sensitive and reactive skin.

Bupleurum Extract is widely utilized in the formulation of prebiotic skincare products, supporting the skin’s microbiome while offering detoxifying and balancing benefits.
Bupleurum Extract is a key component in the creation of anti-aging serums, providing antioxidant and detoxifying benefits that help to preserve youthful skin.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the production of lip care products, providing detoxifying and protective benefits for soft, clear lips.

Bupleurum Extract is employed in the formulation of hand creams, offering balancing and detoxifying benefits that promote healthy skin.
Bupleurum Extract is applied in the creation of daily wear creams, offering detoxifying and protective benefits for everyday use.
Bupleurum Extract is utilized in the development of skin repair treatments, providing detoxifying and purifying care for damaged or irritated skin.

Bupleurum Extract is found in the formulation of facial oils, offering nourishing care that supports detoxification and skin clarity.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the production of soothing gels, providing instant relief from irritation while promoting detoxification.
Bupleurum Extract is a key ingredient in the creation of multipurpose balms, providing versatile detoxifying care for sensitive areas such as lips, hands, and face.

Bupleurum Extract is widely used in the formulation of detoxifying skincare products, offering purifying and protective benefits for oily and congested skin.
Bupleurum Extract is employed in the development of nourishing body butters, offering rich hydration and detoxifying benefits for dry, rough skin.
Bupleurum Extract is applied in the production of anti-aging serums, offering detoxifying and antioxidant benefits that help to maintain youthful-looking skin.

Bupleurum Extract is utilized in the creation of facial oils, offering detoxifying care that supports skin health and reduces oxidative stress.
Bupleurum Extract is found in the formulation of sensitive skin repair treatments, providing targeted care for areas prone to irritation and discomfort.
Bupleurum Extract is used in the production of sun care products, providing detoxifying protection and hydration that preserves skin health.



DESCRIPTION


Bupleurum (Chai Hu) Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the root of the Bupleurum chinense plant, known for its anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, and balancing properties.
Bupleurum Extract is recognized for its ability to soothe irritated skin, detoxify the skin, and promote a healthy complexion, making it a valuable addition to skincare and wellness formulations.

Bupleurum Extract offers additional benefits such as improving skin texture, balancing oil production, and promoting an even skin tone, ensuring long-lasting protection and detoxification.
Bupleurum Extract is often incorporated into formulations designed to purify, balance, and detoxify congested or oily skin, offering both immediate and long-term benefits.
Bupleurum Extract is recognized for its ability to enhance the overall health and appearance of the skin, leaving it smooth, clear, and radiant.

Bupleurum Extract is commonly used in both traditional and innovative skincare formulations, providing a reliable solution for maintaining clear, balanced skin.
Bupleurum Extract is valued for its ability to support the skin's natural detoxifying processes, making it a key ingredient in products that aim to cleanse and purify the skin.
Bupleurum Extract is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of products, including creams, lotions, serums, and oils.

Bupleurum Extract is an ideal choice for products targeting oily, congested, and environmentally stressed skin, as it provides gentle yet effective detoxifying and balancing care.
Bupleurum Extract is known for its compatibility with other skincare actives, allowing it to be easily integrated into multi-functional formulations.
Bupleurum Extract is often chosen for formulations that require a balance between detoxification, protection, and soothing care, ensuring comprehensive skin benefits.

Bupleurum Extract enhances the overall effectiveness of personal care products by providing detoxifying, purifying, and protective benefits in one ingredient.
Bupleurum Extract is a reliable ingredient for creating products that offer a pleasant user experience, with noticeable improvements in skin clarity, tone, and texture.
Bupleurum Extract is an essential component in innovative skincare products that stand out in the market for their performance, safety, and ability to purify and balance the skin.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: N/A (Natural extract)
Common Name: Bupleurum Extract (Bupleurum chinense Extract)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Light yellow to brown liquid or powder
Density: Approx. 1.00-1.05 g/cm³ (for liquid extract)
Melting Point: N/A (liquid or powder form)
Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohols; insoluble in oils
Flash Point: >100°C (for liquid extract)
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low (for liquid extract)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Bupleurum Extract is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Bupleurum Extract is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Bupleurum Extract to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Bupleurum Extract.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid inhalation of vapors and direct contact with skin and eyes.
Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Bupleurum Extract at temperatures between 15-25°C as recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Bupleurum Extract away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizers.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Bupleurum Extract to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of cosmetic ingredients.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.