Benzyl chloride, also known as alpha-chlorotoluene, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C7H7Cl.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is an organic compound derived from toluene, where one of the hydrogen atoms in the toluene molecule (C6H5CH3) has been replaced by a chlorine atom (Cl).
This substitution results in the formation of benzyl chloride.

CAS Number: 100-44-7
EC Number: 202-853-6



APPLICATIONS

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is widely used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, serving as a precursor to a variety of chemical compounds.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a key component in the production of benzyl alcohol, which is used in the manufacture of perfumes, flavorings, and cosmetics.

In the pharmaceutical industry, benzyl chloride is employed in the synthesis of various drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a crucial role in the preparation of benzyl esters, which find applications as food flavoring agents and additives.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzyl isocyanides, which have applications in organic chemistry reactions.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) acts as a reagent in the synthesis of benzyl halides, valuable in a range of chemical processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a lachrymator, a substance that can induce tearing and eye irritation, serving as a non-lethal self-defense tool.
In the agrochemical industry, it is employed in the manufacturing of pesticides and herbicides.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is utilized in the preparation of benzyltributylammonium chloride, a phase-transfer catalyst in organic reactions.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a key building block for the synthesis of benzyl ethers, which are used as protecting groups in organic synthesis.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the synthesis of benzylamines, which serve as intermediates in the production of various compounds.

In the fragrance and flavor industry, it is used as a raw material for creating aromatic compounds.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a valuable reagent for alkylating amines in organic synthesis.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a cross-linking agent in the production of polymers and resins.
In the laboratory, it is utilized in the synthesis of N-benzylideneaniline derivatives.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed as a chemical intermediate in the production of dyes and pigments.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) serves as a starting material for the synthesis of various organic chemicals, including surfactants and detergents.
In the rubber industry, it is used as a vulcanization accelerator in the production of rubber products.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is applied in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds used as disinfectants and preservatives.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) can be used as a solvent and extraction agent in chemical processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is an important reagent in the synthesis of betaine-type surfactants.

In the field of corrosion inhibition, it is used to protect metals from rust and degradation.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) has applications in the synthesis of benzyl carbamates used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the modification of lignin in wood pulping processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the production of various chemicals, including plasticizers, textile chemicals, and photographic chemicals.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is utilized in the preparation of benzyl dimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, which is used as a disinfectant and antimicrobial agent.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, an important cationic surfactant used in detergents and cleaning products.
In the textile industry, benzyl chloride is employed as a chemical intermediate in the production of fabric softeners.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a key ingredient in the manufacture of various adhesives and sealants.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzyl benzoate, which is utilized as an insect repellent and acaricide (mite killer).
In the paint and coating industry, it is used as a precursor in the formulation of coatings and paint additives.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a chemical reagent in the preparation of specialty chemicals used in the electronics industry.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) serves as a building block in the synthesis of specialty polymers with tailored properties.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of corrosion inhibitors, which are important for protecting metal surfaces from rust and degradation.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) can be employed in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, including antibiotics and antifungal agents.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the preparation of benzylidene compounds, which are utilized in organic synthesis reactions.

Benzyl chloride is a common reagent for introducing benzyl groups into various organic molecules.
In the production of surfactants, it serves as a crucial component for creating surface-active agents with detergent and emulsifying properties.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a cross-linking agent in the synthesis of epoxy resins and other thermosetting polymers.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the preparation of specialty chemicals for the automotive and aerospace industries.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a precursor in the synthesis of benzyl phosphonium salts, which have applications in catalysis.
In the plastics industry, benzyl chloride is used in the production of plasticizers to improve the flexibility and durability of plastic materials.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) serves as a reagent in the preparation of benzylphosphonate compounds, which are used in various chemical processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a starting material for the synthesis of benzylthioureas, which are important intermediates in organic chemistry.

In the cosmetics industry, it is used as an ingredient in the production of hair dyes and hair care products.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the synthesis of specialty chemicals used in the creation of ink and inkjet printer inks.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the production of chemicals used in the purification of water and wastewater treatment.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the preparation of benzyl isothiocyanate, which is an important compound in the study of biochemistry and molecular biology.
In the construction industry, benzyl chloride can be used in the production of construction chemicals, such as sealants and adhesives.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the synthesis of benzyl ethers, which have applications as protecting groups in organic reactions.
Benzyl chloride is utilized in the production of benzyl bromide, a chemical used in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a precursor in the synthesis of benzyl ethers, which are important intermediates in various chemical reactions.
In the pulp and paper industry, benzyl chloride is used as a wood pulping chemical to modify lignin and improve paper quality.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the preparation of benzyl tosylate, which is used in organic synthesis and as a reagent in chemical reactions.
Benzyl chloride serves as a key component in the production of benzyl acetate, an ester used in the fragrance and flavor industry.

In the rubber and tire industry, it is used as a vulcanization accelerator to enhance the properties of rubber products.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of benzyl thiol, which is used in the production of fragrances.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the manufacture of benzylglycidyl ether, which is used as a reactive diluent in epoxy resin formulations.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the production of specialty adhesives and sealants, particularly in the aerospace and automotive industries.
Benzyl chloride can be employed in the synthesis of benzyl nitriles, which are used as intermediates in organic reactions.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the preparation of benzylsilane compounds, important in the field of organosilicon chemistry.
In the petrochemical industry, benzyl chloride is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of specialty chemicals.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a valuable reagent for the introduction of benzyl groups in various organic molecules.

Benzyl chloride serves as a precursor in the synthesis of benzyl carbamates, which have applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzylsulfides, which are important in the study of organic sulfur compounds.

In the plastics industry, it is used in the production of plasticizers to enhance the properties of plastic materials.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the creation of specialty chemicals used as stabilizers and antioxidants in the polymer industry.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the synthesis of benzyl sulfoxides, which are used in organic reactions and chemical transformations.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a cross-linking agent in the production of epoxy resin-based composite materials.

Benzyl chloride can be applied in the synthesis of benzyl phosphine oxide compounds, important in organophosphorus chemistry.
In the agrochemical industry, it is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of plant protection agents.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) serves as a reagent in the preparation of benzyl nitro compounds, which are used in the synthesis of various chemicals.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzyl azides, which have applications in the study of azide chemistry.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the creation of specialty chemicals used as intermediates in the synthesis of agrochemicals and pesticides.
In the automotive industry, benzyl chloride is used in the production of automotive sealants and adhesives for assembly and repair.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzylmercaptan, a compound employed in the production of specialty chemicals and fragrances.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a precursor in the preparation of benzyl butyrate, which is used as a flavoring agent in the food and beverage industry.

In the agrochemical sector, benzyl chloride is utilized in the manufacturing of herbicides and fungicides.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzyl chloroformate, a reagent and intermediate in organic chemistry reactions.

Benzyl chloride is employed as a chemical intermediate in the production of antifreeze and de-icing fluids for automotive and aviation applications.
In the field of metallurgy, it is used as a corrosion inhibitor for protecting metal surfaces from rust and degradation.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of specialty chemicals employed as additives in the oil and lubricant industry.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) serves as a key ingredient in the production of benzylthioacetic acid, a compound used in organic reactions.

In the construction industry, benzyl chloride is used as a chemical intermediate in the formulation of construction chemicals, including sealants and adhesives.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the production of benzylphenylphosphine, a compound with applications in chemical transformations.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of specialty chemicals used in the creation of electrical insulating materials.

In the field of water treatment, it is used as a chemical additive for inhibiting metal corrosion in water systems.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the synthesis of benzyl quaternary ammonium compounds, which are used as disinfectants and preservatives.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the synthesis of benzylisothiocyanate, a compound with applications in the study of biochemistry and molecular biology.

In the manufacturing of adhesives and sealants, benzyl chloride is used as a reactive intermediate for enhancing product performance.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a reagent in the preparation of benzyl sulfoximine compounds, which have applications in organic reactions.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used as a cross-linking agent in the production of elastomers and rubber compounds.

In the automotive industry, it is employed in the formulation of automotive fluids such as brake fluids and hydraulic fluids.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzylalkylammonium compounds, which are important in various chemical processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the production of benzyl cyanides, used in organic chemistry reactions.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzylthioethanol, a compound with applications in chemical transformations.

In the leather industry, benzyl chloride is used in the tanning process to modify and preserve leather.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is employed in the synthesis of benzylguanidine, a compound used in organic reactions.

Benzyl chloride is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of specialty adhesives and sealants for specific industries.
In the creation of printing inks and pigments, it serves as a reagent for producing specialty chemicals for ink formulations.



DESCRIPTION


Benzyl chloride, also known as alpha-chlorotoluene, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C7H7Cl.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is an organic compound derived from toluene, where one of the hydrogen atoms in the toluene molecule (C6H5CH3) has been replaced by a chlorine atom (Cl).
This substitution results in the formation of benzyl chloride.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor and is commonly used as a reagent in various chemical reactions and organic synthesis processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is an important intermediate in the production of various chemicals and is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds.
It's also utilized in the synthesis of benzyl derivatives, such as benzyl alcohol and benzylamine.

Benzyl chloride, also known as A-chlorotoluene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C7H7Cl.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent, slightly sweet odor.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is derived from toluene by replacing one of its hydrogen atoms with a chlorine atom.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is commonly used as a reagent in organic synthesis and chemical reactions.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a versatile intermediate in the production of various chemicals.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is utilized in the pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis of drugs and pharmaceutical compounds.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) plays a role in the manufacture of agrochemicals, including pesticides and herbicides.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of other benzyl derivatives, such as benzyl alcohol and benzylamine.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) can act as a source of the benzyl cation in various reactions.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a halogenated compound and exhibits typical reactivity associated with halogen-substituted organic compounds.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is an important building block for the production of perfumes and fragrances.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a valuable chemical for the preparation of benzyl esters, which have applications in the food and beverage industry.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is a potent lachrymator, meaning it can induce tearing and eye irritation upon exposure.

In the presence of strong bases, benzyl chloride can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in the synthesis of benzyl halides, which are important in various chemical processes.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) can also serve as a precursor for the synthesis of benzyl isocyanides.

Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is highly flammable and should be handled with care and in a well-ventilated area.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, and reducing agents.
Benzyl chloride is known for its ability to alkylate amines, which is used in chemical transformations.
When exposed to moisture, it can release hydrogen chloride gas.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is considered hazardous and should be stored and handled in accordance with safety regulations.

In its pure form, benzyl chloride is a volatile and irritant liquid.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is used in organic chemistry laboratories as a reagent in various reactions.
Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) is commonly available for purchase from chemical suppliers and is often used in research and industrial applications.
Due to its reactivity, it should be handled by trained personnel in a controlled laboratory or industrial environment to ensure safety.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C7H7Cl
Molar Mass: 126.58 g/mol
Physical State: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Pungent, slightly sweet
Melting Point: -39.5 °C (-39.1 °F)
Boiling Point: 179.1 °C (354.4 °F)
Density: 1.100 g/cm³ at 20 °C (68 °F)
Solubility in Water: Slightly soluble
Vapor Pressure: 0.16 kPa at 20 °C (68 °F)
Flash Point: 71 °C (159.8 °F) closed cup
Autoignition Temperature: 622 °C (1,151.6 °F)
Refractive Index: 1.542 - 1.544 (at 20 °C)
Viscosity: 1.0006 cP at 20 °C
Heat of Combustion: 3,921 kJ/mol



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If someone inhales Benzyl chloride vapor, move them to an area with fresh air immediately to prevent further exposure.
If the person is having difficulty breathing, provide artificial respiration.
Seek medical attention promptly. Be prepared to provide information about the exposure.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and jewelry.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If skin irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

If Benzyl chloride comes into contact with the eyes, immediately rinse the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention or consult with an eye specialist, even if there are no immediate symptoms, as delayed eye injury can occur.


Ingestion:

In the event of ingestion, do NOT induce vomiting. Vomiting can increase the risk of further chemical exposure to the respiratory system.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water, but do not swallow the rinse water.
Seek immediate medical attention. Provide the medical personnel with all available information regarding the exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Always wear appropriate PPE when handling Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, a lab coat or chemical-resistant suit, and a NIOSH-approved respirator for organic vapors.
Use a face shield if there is a risk of splashing.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area, preferably in a chemical fume hood or under local exhaust ventilation to minimize exposure to vapors.
Ensure that the ventilation system is in good working order.

Avoid Skin Contact:
Prevent skin contact with the chemical by wearing chemical-resistant gloves and other protective clothing.
In case of skin contact, wash the affected area promptly with water.

Eye Protection:
Wear chemical splash-resistant safety goggles or a full-face shield when handling Benzyl chloride (A-chlorotoluene) to protect against eye exposure.

Respiratory Protection:
Use a NIOSH-approved respirator with organic vapor cartridges to protect against inhalation of vapors.
Ensure the respirator fits properly and is regularly maintained.

Handling Precautions:
Handle Benzyl chloride with caution to prevent spills and splashes.
Use tools, equipment, and containers made of materials compatible with the chemical.

No Eating or Drinking:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with Benzyl chloride, and avoid hand-to-face contact.

Avoid Contamination:
Prevent cross-contamination of Benzyl chloride with other chemicals or substances by using dedicated equipment.


Storage:

Storage Location:
Store Benzyl chloride in a cool, well-ventilated, and dry area, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.

Temperature:
Maintain the storage temperature at or below room temperature, as the chemical can be sensitive to temperature variations.

Storage Containers:
Use tightly sealed, chemical-resistant containers made of glass or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to store Benzyl chloride.
Ensure containers are labeled with proper hazard information.

Separation:
Keep Benzyl chloride away from incompatible substances, including strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, and reducing agents, to prevent potential chemical reactions.

Access Control:
Limit access to storage areas to authorized personnel only.
Clearly mark storage areas with appropriate signage.

Secondary Containment:
Consider using secondary containment, such as trays or basins, to contain potential spills or leaks from containers.

Fire Precautions:
Store away from open flames, sparks, and ignition sources.
Benzyl chloride is flammable.

Emergency Equipment:
Ensure that there are emergency equipment and spill control materials readily available near the storage area.



SYNONYMS


α-Chlorotoluene
Benzyl chloride
Chloromethylbenzene
Benzyl chloride (C7H7Cl)
α-Tolyl chloride
Phenylmethyl chloride
Chlorobenzyl
Benzylmonochloride
Monochloromethylbenzene
Benzyl chloratum
Benzene, (chloromethyl)-
Benzene, (chloromethyl)- (9CI)
(Chloromethyl)benzene
Benzenemethanamine, alpha-chloro-
alpha-Chlorobenzenemethane
1-Chloromethylbenzene
(Chloromethyl)benzene
UN 1738
NSC 8634
NCI-C55990
FEMA No. 2178
AI3-05170
BRN 0106025
CCRIS 9297
EINECS 202-853-6
Chlorophenylmethane
Chlorotoluene
Monochlorobenzyl
α-Chlorotoluol
Benzylchlorid (German)
α-Toluyl chloride
Benzenyl chloride
Benzyl-chloride (French)
Phenylmethane, chloro-
α-Chlorotoluène (French)
α-Chlorobenzenemethane
(Chloromethyl)benzol (German)
1-Chlorotoluene
alpha-Chloromethylbenzene
alpha-Tolyl chloride
Phenylmethyl chlorid (German)
Benzene, (chloromethyl)-
Benzene, (chloromethyl)- (9CI)
(Chloromethyl)benzol (German)
UN 1738
NSC 8634
NCI-C55990
FEMA No. 2178
AI3-05170
BRN 0106025
Phenylmethyl chloroformate
α-Methylbenzyl chloride
Benzyl monochloride
Chloromethylbenzene
Chlorotoluene
Benzylchloride
Benzene, chloromethyl-
1-Phenylmethyl chloride
Chlorophenylmethyl chloride
Benzyl chloride (C7H7Cl)
Benzenemethanamine, α-chloro-
α-Chlorotoluene
Benzenemethanamine, α-methyl-
α-Methylphenylmethyl chloride
Benzenemethanamine, monochloro-
Chlorophenylmethyl chloride (C7H7Cl)
Chlorotoluol
1-(Chloromethyl)benzene
UN 1738
NSC 8634
NCI-C55990
FEMA No. 2178
AI3-05170
BRN 0106025
CCRIS 9297

PHENYLACETONITRILE; Benzeneacetonitrile; Benzyl cyanide; (Cyanomethyl)benzene; Cyanomethylbenzene; Benzyl nitrile; -Cyanotoluene; (Cyanomethyl)benzene; Phenyl acetyl nitrile; Phenacetonitrile; Benzenediacetonitrile; alpha-Tolunitrile; Benzeneacetonitrile; 2-Phenylacetonitrile; BnCN CAS NO: 140-29-4

2-((Benzyloxy)methyl)oxirane; Oxirane, [(phenylmethoxy)methyl]-; (Benzyloxymethyl)oxirane; 2-(Benzyloxymethyl)oxirane; Propane, 1-(benzyloxy)-2,3-epoxy-; 1-(Benzyloxy)-2,3-epoxypropane; ((Phenylmethoxy)methyl)oxirane; (-)-Benzyl (R)-glycidyl ether; (R)-(-)-Glycidyl benzyl ether; CAS NO:2930-05-4

Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless liquid.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2N(CH3)2.


CAS Number: 103-83-3
EC Number: 203-149-1
MDL number: MFCD00008329
Linear Formula: C6H5CH2N(CH3)2
Chemical formula: C9H13N



N,N-Dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N-Benzyldimethylamine, Dimethylbenzylamine, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N-(Phenylmethyl) dimethylamine, BDMA, Sumine 2015, Benzenemethanamine, Dabco B-16, Araldite accelerator 062, N,N-Dimethyl(phenyl)methanamine, DMBA, N-Benzyldimethylamine, BDMA, DMBA, Dabco B-16, BENZYLDIMETHYLAMINE, Dimethylbenzylamine, N-Benzyldimethylamine, aralditeaccelerator062, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-BENZYLDIMETHYLAMINE, Nin-Dimethyl Benzylamine, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-Dimethyl benzylamine, Araldite accelerator 062, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, (N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine), Benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, Benzenemethamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, Benzenemethanamine,N,N-dimethyl-, N,N-dimethyl(phenyl)methanaminium, N,N-dimethyl(phenyl)methanaminium chloride, BDMA, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N-Benzyldimethylamine, Dimethylbenzylamine, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, BDMA, Sumine 2015, Benzenemethanamine, Dabco B-16, Araldite accelerator 062, N,N-Dimethyl(phenyl)methanamine, BDMA, N,N-DiMethyl-1-phenylMethanaMine, Benzyldimethylamine, N,N-DIETHYLBENZYLAMINE, N,N-Dimethyl-N-benzylamine, BENZYLDIETHYLAMINE, Dabco B-16, sumine2015, Dabco BDMA, Sumine 2015, BDMA, dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzylam, N-BENZYLDIETHYLAMINE, Pentamin BDMA etc, Benzyldimethylamine, BENZYLDIETHYLAMINE, Dabco B-16, dimethylaminomethylbenzene, BDMA, EINECS 203-149-1, Benzenemethanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N,N-dimethyl-N-benzylamine, N,N-dimethylphenylmethanamine, N-benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N-Benzyldimethylamine, N,N-Dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, MFCD00026731, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, Sumine 2015, AURORA KA-7522, benzyl dimethyl amine, n,n-dimethylbenzylamine, benzyldimethylamine, n-benzyldimethylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, bdma, benzenemethanamine, n,n-dimethyl, benzyl-n,n-dimethylamine, n-phenylmethyl dimethylamine, n,n-dimethylbenzenemethanamine, araldite accelerator 062, Benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-, Benzyldimethylamine, Dimethylbenzylamine, N-Benzyldimethylamine, N,N-Dimethyl-N-benzylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, BDMA, Araldite accelerator 062, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, Sumine 2015, UN 2619, Dabco BDMA, Benzenemethamine, N,N-dimethyl-, NSC 5342, BDMA, N-dimthylbenzylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, benzyldimethylamine, catalystBDMA, rigid foam catalystBDMA,N-Benzyldimethylamine,BDMA,CAS 103 -83-3, N,N-DIMETHYLBENZYLAMINE, 103-83-3, Benzyldimethylamine, N-Benzyldimethylamine, N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, Dimethylbenzylamine, BDMA, Benzenemethanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, Araldite accelerator 062, N,N-Dimethyl-N-benzylamine, N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, Benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-, Sumine 2015, N,N'-Dimethylbenzylamine, NSC 5342, Benzyl-dimethyl-amine, TYP7AXQ1YJ, DTXSID8021854, NSC-5342, NCGC00090991-02, 28262-13-7, DTXCID801854, CAS-103-83-3, CCRIS 6693, UNII-TYP7AXQ1YJ, EINECS 203-149-1, UN2619, Benzenemethanamine, dimethyl-, AI3-26794, Benzenemethamine, N,N-dimethyl-, Dabco BDMA, N,N-dimethyl-1-phenyl-methanamine, benzyldimethyl-amine, dimethylbenzyl amine, n-dimethylbenzylamine, dimethyl benzyl amine, N,N-Dmethylbenzylamne, N-benzyl dimethylamine, Benzylamine,N-dimethyl-, N,N,-dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyl benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-benzylamine, N, N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyl benzyl amine, Benzenemethanamine,dimethyl-, EC 203-149-1, dimethyl (phenylmethyl)amine, SCHEMBL15900, MLS002222342, CHEMBL45591, N,N-Dimethyl(phenyl)methanamine, NSC5342, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, >=99%, N,N-Dimethyl(phenyl)methanamine #, WLN: 1N1 & 1R, Tox21_113457, Tox21_200719, MFCD00008329, AKOS000120578, UN 2619, NCGC00090991-01, NCGC00090991-03, NCGC00258273-01, AC-10211, LS-13652, SMR001307284, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine(Benzyldimethylamine), Benzyldimethylamine [UN2619], D0688, FT-0657620, NS00008694, EN300-16212, N,?N-?Dimethylbenzylamine(Benzyldimethylamine), Q424966, J-001043, J-523270, InChI=1/C9H13N/c1-10(2)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7H,8H2,1-2H, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, for protein sequence analysis, >=99.5% (GC), N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, DBA, Dimethylaminomethyl-benzene, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, DMBA, BDMA, Benzyl-dimethyl-amine, Benzyldimethylamine, Dimethylbenzylamine, DMBA, N,N'-Dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-Dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, N,N-Dimethyl-n-benzylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, BDMA, Dabco B-16, BENZYLDIMETHYLAMINE, Dimethylbenzylamine, N-Benzyldimethylamine, aralditeaccelerator062, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-BENZYLDIMETHYLAMINE, Nin-Dimethyl Benzylamine, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-Dimethyl benzylamine, Araldite accelerator 062, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, (N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine), Benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, Benzenemethamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, Benzenemethanamine,N,N-dimethyl-,
N,N-dimethyl(phenyl)methanaminium, N,N-dimethyl(phenyl)methanaminium chloride, Aralditeaccelerator062, aralditeaccelerator062, Benzenemethamine,N,N-dimethyl-, Benzenemethanamine,N,N-Chemicalbookdimethyl-, Benzylamine,N,N-dimethyl-, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, DabcoB-16, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, Benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-, Benzyldimethylamine, Dimethylbenzylamine, N-Benzyldimethylamine, N,N-Dimethyl-N-benzylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, BDMA, Araldite accelerator 062, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, Sumine 2015, UN 2619, Dabco BDMA, Benzenemethamine, N,N-dimethyl-, NSC 5342, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-Dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, Benzenemethanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, 103-83-3, Benzenemethanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N,N-Dimethyl Benzylamine, [(Dimethylamino)methyl]benzene, Actiron NX 91, Ancamine BDMA, Araldite Accelerator 062, Araldite DY 062, bencildimetilamina, BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE, BENZYLAMINE, N,N-DIMETHYL-, Benzyldimethylamin, Benzyldimethylamine, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine,Dabco BDMA, Desmorapid DB, Dimethylbenzylamine, Kaolizer 20, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, N,N-DIMETHYLBENZYLAMIN, N,N-Dimethyl-N-benzylamine, N-BENZYLDIMETHYLAMINE, N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, NSC 5342, Sumicure BD, UN 2619, EINECS 203-149-1, Sumine 2015, UNII-TYP7AXQ1YJ, 1338002-71-3, 59125-51-8,



Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is an intermediate for organic synthesis, such as synthesis of quaternary ammonium salt, also used in dehydrogenation catalyst, preservative, acid neutralizer, etc
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2N(CH3)2.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ).
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives.
Technically Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is part of the human exposome.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2N(CH3)2.
The molecule of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) consists of a benzyl group, C6H5CH2, attached to a dimethylamino functional group.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless liquid.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA), also known as N-benzyl-n,n-dimethylamine nitrate or benzyl-dimethyl-amine, is a member of the class of compounds known as phenylmethylamines.
Phenylmethylamines are compounds containing a phenylmethtylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted by a methanamine.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa).
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) appears as a colorless to light yellow liquid with an aromatic odor.
The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health.


An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless, volatile liquid with a low boiling point.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) appears as a colorless to light yellow liquid with an aromatic odor.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly less dense than water and slightly soluble in water.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly soluble in water.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylmethylamines.


Phenylmethylamines are compounds containing a phenylmethtylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted by an methanamine.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) reacts with Os3(CO)12 to form triosmium clusters.
Anodic oxidation of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has been studied in methanol-tetra-n-butylammonium fluoroborate and in methanol-potassium hydroxide.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly less dense than water and slightly soluble in water.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) can be found in tea, which makes Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa).


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) can be found in tea, which makes Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is an amine accelerator for polymerization of epoxy resins.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) belongs to a unique class of disubstituted amides with utility in coatings, household,industrial and institutional applications.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) displays a broad range of properties, including excellent solvency, a low VOC content, as well as heat and hydrolysis stability
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is excellent catalyst with strong adhesive ability in the PU fiel.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is an amine accelerator for polymerization of epoxy resins.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is an organic compound belonging to the aromatic amine family.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA), also known as N-benzyl-n,n-dimethylamine nitrate or benzyl-dimethyl-amine, is a member of the class of compounds known as phenylmethylamines.


Phenylmethylamines are compounds containing a phenylmethtylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted by a methanamine.
Actylis provides Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) in the form of a colourless to slightly yellow liquid with a distinct aromatic odour.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) exhibits slight solubility in water and is sensitive to oxygen.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) was used in the synthesis of bis[(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl] selenide.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has been used as catalyst during curing reaction of formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA)undergoes directed ortho metalation with butyl lithium.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) reacts with methyl iodide to get ammonium salt, which is used as phase transfer catalysts.
Further, Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has been shown to be an effective biocide in the form of its copper complex, which may be used in detergent compositions for the inhibition of microbial growth on surfaces.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is also used as a standard reagent for determining redox potentials and has been studied extensively in kinetic and analytical chemistry.


The reaction mechanism of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has been determined to be similar to that of benzalkonium chloride and other quaternary ammonium salts.
As the molecule has tertiary amine functionality, two of the key uses of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) are as an epoxy-amine cure enhancement catalyst and also as a polyurethane catalyst.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used an amine accelerator for polymerization of epoxy resins.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) catalyst is a versatile catalyst that is utilized in the manufacture of both flexible polyester slabstock and in various types of rigid foams.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) can be used alone but is usually used in combination with other amines and/or metal salts in manufacturing processes.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used as a catalyst for soft polyester-based polyurethane systems, semisolid foams, pre-polymerisation agents, to improve the effect of impregnation agents on cellulose fibres.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a direct alternative to DMP-30 with a longer shelf life and better penetration.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used in the production of polyurethane foams.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used initiator in the production of epoxy resins.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is also used as a ligand in coordination geometry, transfer reactions, and salt metathesis.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a moderately active gelling biased tertiary amine catalyst.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) was used in the synthesis of bis[(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl] selenide.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used sensitiser for the photopolymerisation of methacrylates.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used catalyst for the UV-curing of styrene polyester products.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used in the manufacture of adhesives; dehydrohalogenating catalyst; corrosion inhibitor; acid neutralizer; potting compounds; cellulose modifier and quaternary ammonium compounds.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used Textile dyestuffs, Manufacturing of textile dyestuffs, Manufacturing of herbicides, Manufacturing of coating, Manufacturing of pharmaceutical agents, Manufacturing of fungicides, Manufacturing of insecticides / acaricides, Catalyst for chemical synthesis, Manufacturing of textiles dyestuffs, and Crop Protection, and Manufacturing of dyestuffs.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used to synthesize quaternary ammonium salts to produce cationic surface active strong fungicides.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used to promote curing systems such as anhydrides, polyamides, and fatty amines, and accelerates product curing.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has been used as catalyst during curing reaction of formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used in the manufacture of adhesives and other chemicals.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is an amine accelerator for polymerization of epoxy resins.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is recommended in preference to DMP-30 since it is less viscous and has a longer shelf life.
Accelerators should be stored dry in a desiccator, but need not be in a refrigerator.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) catalyst is a versatile catalyst that is utilized in the manufacture of both flexible polyester slabstock and in various types of rigid foams.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) can be used alone but is usually used in combination with other amines and/or metal salts in manufacturing processes.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is widely used in chemical fields,eg. polyurethane catatlyst, crop pretection, coating, dyestuffs, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, pharmaceutical agents, textile dyestuffs, textile dyestuffs etc.
When Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used as polyurethane catalyst.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is also used for flexible slabstock foam applications.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used for refrigerator, freezer, continuous panel, pipe insulation, croppretection, coating, dyestuffs, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, pharmaceutical agents, textile dyestuffs, textile dyestuffs etc.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used in the preparation of bis[(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl] selenide.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) acts as a catalyst in the curing reaction of formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) undergoes directed ortho metalation with butyl lithium.


Further, Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) in the polyurethane industry is a catalyst for polyester polyurethane block soft foam, polyurethane rigid foam, polyurethane sheet and adhesive coating.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is mainly used for rigid foam, can make polyurethane foam have good initial fluidity and uniform cells, and have better adhesion between foam and substrate.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) reacts with methyl iodide to get ammonium salt, which is used as phase transfer catalysts.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) has the function of improving the adhesion of the foam surface.
In the field of organic synthesis, Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is mainly used as a catalyst, corrosion inhibitor, acid neutralization for the synthesis of dehydrohalogen in organic drugs Accelerators, electron microscope slice embedding accelerators, etc.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is also used in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts, the production of cationic surface active powerful fungicides, etc.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) In epoxy resin is mainly used to promote the curing system of acid anhydride, polyamide, aliphatic amine, etc., and accelerate the curing of products.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used as a curing accelerator in epoxy resin electronic potting materials, encapsulating materials, epoxy floor coatings, and marine paints.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) Specific application examples include: carbon fiber/monomolecular epoxy resin-based composite laminates, electrophoretic coatings for epoxy substrates , Dry-type transformer potting glue;


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used in the production of polyurethane foams, Initiator in the production of epoxy resins.
Accelerator for epoxy uses of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA): resins in laminates for electrical equipment, Sensitizer for the photopolymerization of methacrylates, Catalyst for the UV-curing
of styrene polyester products, Thermal post-cure catalyst for UV-cured epoxy adhesive cement, Synthesis of quats.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is intermediate of organic synthesis, such as to synthesize quaternaty ammonium salts and is also used in dehydrogenation catalyst, antiseptic, and acid neutralizer, ETC.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) finds extensive applications across various industries.


Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) plays a vital role as a curing agent for epoxy resins and is used as a raw material in the manufacturing of adhesives, dyes, and polymers.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of numerous organic compounds.


Additionally, Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is widely utilized as a catalyst in various organic reactions.
Its versatile properties make Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) highly valuable in different industrial processes.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is used for synthesis.


-Principal applications for Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) include:
Catalyst used in the production of polyurethane foams.
Initiator in the production of epoxy resins.
Accelerator for epoxy resins in laminates for electrical equipment.
Sensitizer for the photopolymerisation of methacrylates.



PROPERTIES AND USAGE OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) in the polyurethane industry, it is a catalyst for polyester polyurethane block soft foam, polyurethane rigid foam, polyurethane sheet and adhesive coating.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is mainly used for rigid foam, which can make polyurethane foam have good early fluidity and uniform cells, and good adhesion between body and substrate.

Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) in the field of organic synthesis, it is mainly used as catalysts, corrosion inhibitors, acid neutralizers, and accelerators for embedding electron microscopy slices in organic drugs for the synthesis of dehydrohalogen.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is also used to synthesize quaternary ammonium salts, produce cationic surface active and powerful fungicides, etc.

Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) in terms of epoxy resin, it is mainly used to promote curing systems such as acid anhydrides, polyamides, and fatty amines to accelerate product curing.

Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is widely used in epoxy resin electronic potting materials, encapsulating materials, epoxy floor coatings, and marine paints.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) specificial application examples include: carbon fiber/monomolecular epoxy resin-based composite laminates, electrophoretic coatings for epoxy substrates, and dry-type transformer potting glue.



APPEARANCE PROPERTIES OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless to light yellow liquid.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly soluble in cold water, soluble in hot water, and miscible in alcohol and ether.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a clear, light yellow liquid with an amine-like odour.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless to slightly yellow transparent liquid, soluble in ethanol, soluble in hot water, slightly soluble in cold water.



SYNTHESIS OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) can be synthesized by the Eschweiler–Clarke reaction of benzylamine



REACTIONS OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) undergoes directed ortho metalation with butyl lithium:

[C6H5CH2N(CH3)2 + BuLi → 2-LiC6H4CH2N(CH3)2
LiC6H4CH2N(CH3)2 + E+ → 2-EC6H4CH2N(CH3)2
Via these reactions, many derivatives are known with the formula 2-X-C6H4CH2N(CH3)2 (E = SR, PR2, etc.).

The amine is basic and undergoes quaternization with alkyl halides (e.g. hexyl bromide) to give quaternary ammonium salts:
[C6H5CH2N(CH3)2 + RX → [C6H5CH2N(CH3)2R]+X−
Such salts are useful phase transfer catalysts.



PROPERTIES OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless to yellowish flammable liquid.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) smells of ammonia.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is soluble in ethanol and ether, but insoluble in water.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is a colorless to light yellow flammable liquid with ammonia odor.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is soluble in ethanol, ether, insoluble in water.



PREPARATION OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
25% Aqueous Dimethylamine, 1088 grams
Benzyl Chloride, 126.6 grams
In the apparatus of Example 1, the benzyl chloride was added dropwise over a two-hour period to the amine (molar ratio 1 to 6) at a rate sufficient to maintain the temperature below 40°C.

Stirring was continued at room temperature for an additional hour to insure completion of the reaction denoted by the equation below.
Preparation of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA)
Thereafter the reaction mixture was cooled in a separatory funnel while standing in a refrigerator maintained at 5° C and separated into two layers.

The upper oily layer, weighing 111.5g, was removed and steam distilled until no further oleaginous component was observed in the distillate as it came over.
The crude distillate was found to contain 103.5g of Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) (76.1% of theory), 3.3g of dimethylamine and no quaternary salts.
The dimethylamine was distilled off below 29°C under atmospheric pressure from the Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) (bp 82°C/18mmHg).



SOLUBILITY OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is slightly miscible with water.



NOTES OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is air sensitive.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) is incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents and carbon dioxide.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) neutralizes acids on exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Benzyl Dimethylamine (BDMA) may attack some plastics



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
*Benzylamines
*Aralkylamines
*Trialkylamines
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
*Phenylmethylamine
*Benzylamine
*Aralkylamine
*Tertiary aliphatic amine
*Tertiary amine
*Organic nitrogen compound
*Organopnictogen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organonitrogen compound
*Amine
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
Chemical formula: C9H13N
Molar mass: 135.210 g·mol−1
Appearance: colourless liquid
Density: 0.91 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Melting point: −75 °C (−103 °F; 198 K)
Boiling point: 180 to 183 °C (356 to 361 °F; 453 to 456 K)
Solubility in water: 1.2 g/100mL
Flash point: 55 °C (131 °F; 328 K)
Autoignition temperature: 410 °C (770 °F; 683 K)
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -75 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 183 - 184 °C at 1.020 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:

Upper explosion limit: 6,3 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 0,9 %(V)
Flash point: 57 °C - closed cup -
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 10 at 10 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 8 g/l at 20 °C - insoluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,98 - - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 213,57 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,9 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available

Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Surface tension 61,47 mN/m
Appearance at 20°C: colourless to yellowish liquid
Purity, GC (%): min. 99.0
Colour (Hazen): max. 100
Water, KF (%): max. 0.2
Characteristic properties:
Amine value (mg KOH/g): 409 - 417
Density at 25°C (g/ml): 0.89 - 0.91
Melting point: -75 °C
Boiling point: 183-184 °C765 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 0.9 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 2.4 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.501(lit.)

Flash point: 130 °F
storage temp: Store below +30°C.
solubility: water: soluble
pka: pK1:9.02(+1) (25°C)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to light yellow
PH: 10 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)(saturated solution)
Odor: strong fish odor
explosive limit 0.9-6.3%(V)
Water Solubility: 8 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
BRN: 1099620
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: 1.98 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 103-83-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 3
FDA UNII: TYP7AXQ1YJ

NIST Chemistry Reference: Benzenemethanamine, N,N-dimethyl-(103-83-3)
EPA Substance Registry System: N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine (103-83-3)
CAS: 103-83-3
EINECS: 203-149-1
InChI: InChI=1/C9H13N/c1-10(2)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7H,8H2,1-2H3/p+1
Molecular Formula: C9H13N
Molar Mass: 135.21
Density: 0.9 g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
Melting Point: -75 °C
Boling Point: 183-184°C765mm Hg(lit.)
Flash Point: 130°F
Water Solubility: 8 g/L (20 ºC)
Solubility: water: soluble
Vapor Presure: 2.4 hPa (20 °C)
Appearance: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless to light yellow
BRN: 1099620

pKa: pK1:9.02(+1) (25°C)
PH: 10 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)(saturated solution)
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Explosive Limit: 0.9-6.3%(V)
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.501(lit.)
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Density: 0.9
melting point: -75°C
boiling point: 183-184°C
refractive index: 1.5-1.502
flash point: 54°C
water-soluble: 8g/L (20°C)

Appearance (Form): Liquid
Boiling point: 183-184 °C
Melting poin: -75 °C(lit.)
Solubility: Soluble in water
Density: 0.9 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Melting Point: -75 °C
Boiling Point: 181.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 54.4±0.0 °C
Molecular Formula: C9H13N
Molecular Weight: 135.206
Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
CAS number: 103-83-3
EC index number: 612-074-00-7

EC number: 203-149-1
Hill Formula: C₉H₁₃N
Chemical formula: C₆H₅CH₂N(CH₃)₂
Molar Mass: 135.21 g/mol
HS Code: 2921 49 00
Boiling point: 180 - 183 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.90 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.9 - 6.3 %(V)
Flash point: 57 °C
Ignition temperature: 410 °C
Melting Point: -75 °C
pH value: 10 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C) (saturated solution)
Vapor pressure: 213.57 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 8 g/l
Viscosity (25℃): 90mPa.s;

Density (25℃): 0.897g/cm3;
Freezing point: -75℃;
Boiling range: 178-184℃;
Refractive index (25℃): 1.5011;
Flash point (TCC): 54℃;
Vapor pressure (20℃): 200Pa
melting point: -75 °C
Boiling point: 183-184 °C765 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 0.9 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Refractive Index: n20/D1.501(lit.)
Flash point: 130 °F
Storage conditions: Flammables area
Water solubility: 8 g/L (20 ºC)
BRN: 1099620



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor
in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZYL DIMETHYLAMINE (BDMA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature)

BENZYL GLYCOL, N° CAS : 622-08-2. Nom INCI : BENZYL GLYCOL. Nom chimique : Ethanol, 2-(phenylmethoxy)-. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 210-719-3. Classification : Glycol Ses fonctions (INCI). Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances

BENZYL HYALURONATE, N° CAS : 111744-92-4, Nom INCI : BENZYL HYALURONATE. Nom chimique : Hyaluronic acid, phenylmethyl ester. Ses fonctions (INCI). Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

BENZYL NICOTINATE, N° CAS : 94-44-0, Nom INCI : BENZYL NICOTINATE, Nom chimique : 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, phenylmethyl ester, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 202-332-3 Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

BENZYL OCTANOATE, N° CAS : 10276-85-4, Nom INCI : BENZYL OCTANOATE, Nom chimique : Benzyl Octanoate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 233-620-7. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

BENZYL PCA, N° CAS : 60555-57-9, Nom INCI : BENZYL PCA, Nom chimique : Proline, 5-Oxo-, Phenylmethyl Ester, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 262-291-2. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau

SynonymsDABC;2-[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]ethyl]ammonium chloride;(Acryloyloxyethyl)benzyldimethylammonium chloride;Benzyldimethyl[2-[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]ethyl]ammoniumchlorid;benzyldimethyl[2-[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]ethyl]ammonium chloride;Benzyldimethyl[2-[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]ethyl]ammonium chloride,80% in water;Benzenemethanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxyethyl-, chloride Cas no: 46830-22-2

Benzyl salicylate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-hydroxybenzoic acid esters.
Benzyl Salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester, a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.


CAS Number: 118-58-1
EC Number: 204-262-9
MDL Number: MFCD00020034
Linear Formula: 2-(HO)C6H4CO2CH2C6H5
Molecular Formula: C14H12O3


These are benzoic acid esters where the benzene ring is ortho-substituted with a hydroxy group.
Benzyl salicylate is a sweet, balsam, and clean tasting compound.
Benzyl salicylate has been detected, but not quantified in, cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) and herbs and spices.


This could make benzyl salicylate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on Benzyl salicylate.
Benzyl Salicylate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-hydroxybenzoic acid esters.


These are benzoic acid esters where the benzene ring is ortho-substituted with a hydroxy group.
Benzyl Salicylate is a concentrated aromatic and flavor ingredient that may be used in flavor and fragrance compounds according to legal and IFRA or FEMA GRAS/FDA guidelines.


Benzyl Salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester, a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.
Benzyl Salicylate appears as an almost colorless liquid with a mild odor described as "very faint, sweet-floral, slightly balsamic" by those who can smell it, but many people either can't smell it at all or, describe its smell as "musky".


Benzyl Salicylate (CAS No. 118-58-1, EC No. 204-262-9) with the chemical name ‘2- hydroxybenzoic acid phenylmethyl ester’ is produced naturally in a variety of plants and plant extracts where it can be extracted.
Benzyl Salicylate, also called benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, is a synthetic fragrance compound.


Benzyl Salicylate is the ester of benzyl alcohol and salicylic acid.
Benzyl Salicylate has a Sweet-floral, spicy, balsamic, slightly phenolic.late is a clear almost colourless liquid that has a mild balsamic, sweetly floral note possessing excellent blending capabilities.


Benzyl Salicylate has a Sweet balsamic aroma perfect for most perfume compositions but especially oriental scents.
Benzyl Salicylate is produced naturally by many plants and is used as an odorous molecule in perfumed products: it is known for its light and balsamic, even musky scents.


Benzyl Salicylate is also a UV absorber which stabilizes the products.
Benzyl Salicylate is a clear colorless liquid with a sweet floral aroma.
To some, Benzyl Salicylate has a slightly floral smell, but to others, it gives off a musk-like scent.


Benzyl Salicylate is found naturally in a number of plants.
Benzyl Salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester, a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.
Benzyl Salicylate is a benzyl ester of salicylic acid, a colorless liquid, with balsamic type odor and flavor.


Benzyl Salicylate is also found in cloves.
Benzyl Salicylate is isolated from essential oils.
Benzyl Salicylate appears as an almost colorless liquid with a mild odor described as "very faint, sweet-floral, slightly balsamic" by some, while others smell nothing at all.


Benzyl Salicylate’s a common fragrance ingredient that has a light floral smell. Benzyl Salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester, a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.
Benzyl Salicylate appears as an almost colorless liquid with a mild odor described as "very faint, sweet-floral, slightly balsamic" by some, while others smell nothing at all.


Benzyl Salicylate is sweet, balsamic herbal oily aroma chemical with soft-narcotic touches.
Benzyl Salicylate is a commonly used perfumery chemical
Benzyl Salicylate is a colorless liquid. Melting point near room temperature (18-20 °C).


Benzyl Salicylate is a benzoate ester and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a salicylic acid.
Benzyl Salicylate is a natural product found in Desmos chinensis, Nicotiana cavicola, and other organisms with data available.
Benzyl Salicylate is an ester of benzyl alcohol and salicylic acid; this ingredient has been associated with allergies and contact dermatitis.


Benzyl Salicylate is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear liquid with a mild sweet floral odour.
Benzyl Salicylate appears as a component of some of our fragrance blends.
Benzyl Salicylate is a clear almost colourless liquid that has a mild balsamic, sweetly floral note possessing excellent blending capabilities.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
Benzyl Salicylate is a classic molecule in perfumers' palette.
Benzyl Salicylate perfectly smoothes the sharp edges of other materials.
Benzyl Salicylate smells very delicately on its own but can have huge impact in the composition.


Benzyl Salicylate works as a stabilizer against UV.
Benzyl Salicylate occurs naturally in a variety of plants and plant extracts like cananga and ylang ylang, and is widely used in blends of fragrance materials.


Benzyl Salicylate is used as a solvent for crystalline synthetic musks and as a component and fixative in floral perfumes such as carnation, jasmine, lilac, and wallflower.
In addition, Benzyl Salicylate can be synthesised for use, typically as a fragrance ingredient, in a range of manufactured goods (cosmetics, household goods, and medicines).


In cosmetics, Benzyl Salicylate is used for its fragrance/perfuming function.
Likewise, Benzyl Salicylate is used to create both floral perfumes and lab-created musk.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Benzyl Salicylate is used in the formulation of bath products, bubble baths, cleansing products, hair care products, makeup, moisturizers, perfumes and colognes, shampoos, skin care products and suntan products.


Benzyl Salicylate functions as a fragrance ingredient and as an ultraviolet light absorber.
Benzyl Salicylate is often used for its cosmetic notes as a base for heavy florals such as Ylang Ylang, Gardenia, Jasmine and Lily. It is also used in functional products such as soap, shampoo and fabric softener.


Benzyl Salicylate is used for external use only.
Often used for Benzyl Salicylate's ‘cosmetic notes’ as a base for heavy florals such as ylang, gardenia, jasmine, lily etc.
Benzyl Salicylate is also used in functional products such as soap, shampoo, and fabric softener.


Benzyl Salicylate is widely used as a blender or even better, as a floral background with that particular round sunscreen smell reminiscent of tropical flowers.
Benzyl Salicylate is widely used as a blender or even better, as a floral background with that particular round sunscreen smell reminiscent of tropical flowers.


Benzyl Salicylate, a salicylic acid benzyl ester, can be used as a component in perfumes and as a solvent for crystalline synthetic musks.
Benzyl Salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester. Benzyl Salicylate can be used as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.
Cosmetic Uses of Benzyl Salicylate: perfuming agents and uv absorbers


Benzyl Salicylate occurs naturally in a variety of plants and plant extracts and is widely used in blends of fragrance materials.
Benzyl Salicylate is used as a solvent for crystalline synthetic musks and as a component and fixative in floral perfumes such as carnation, jasmine, lilac, and wallflower.


Benzyl Salicylate is a synthetic chemical produced for industry from benzyl alcohol and salicylic acid, however it can be found naturally in some plants and plant extracts, such as hyacinth flower oil and ylang-ylang oil.
Benzyl Salicylate's used as a fixative and solvent in cosmetic fragrances, and is also used in some sunscreens for its UV light absorbing properties.


Benzyl Salicylate is often used as a co-solvent for floral and non-flora flavors and as a good fixative.
Benzyl Salicylatet is suitable for flavors such as carnation, ylang-ylang, jasmine, fragrant orchid, lily of the valley, lilac, tuberose, and flower.
Benzyl Salicylate can also be used in a small amount in edible flavors such as apricots, peaches, plums, bananas, and pears.


Benzyl Salicylate (CAS# 118-58-1) is an chemical compound commonly used in the cosmetic industry.
Benzyl Salicylate is also found in essential oils from green tea and was shown to exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
Odour=>Benzyl Salicylate has a fresh, sweet, balsam tone.


Benzyl Salicylate is clean, herbal oily, with touches of soft-narcotic and frangipani.
Benzyl Salicylate is aromatic, slightly-medicinal, and has qualities of orchid petal and faint sweet-florals.
Benzyl Salicylate is, according to the judgment of some people, (including perfumers) absolutely odorless while others find it 'musky' of odor.
Trace impurities can greatly influence the odor of this high-boiling chemical, Benzyl Salicylate.



BENEFITS of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
Benzyl Salicylate is used as a UV absorber, when applied to the skin it absorbs UV rays.
Benzyl Salicylate also has a pleasant smell, so it is also used as a fragrance ingredient.
Some researchers have stated that Benzyl Salicylate is also useful in acne prone skin because of the presence of salicylic acid in it.



FUNCTIONS of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
*UV absorber:
Benzyl Salicylate protects the cosmetic product against the effects of UV light
*Fragrant agent:
Benzyl Salicylate is used for perfume and aromatic raw materials



PRODUCTS THAT MAY CONTAIN BENZYL SALICYLATE:
*Cosmetics
*Hair Dye
*Perfumes



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
*Salicylic acid and derivatives
*Benzyloxycarbonyls
*Benzoyl derivatives
*1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids
*1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids
*Vinylogous acids
*Carboxylic acid esters
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Organooxygen compounds
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
*O-hydroxybenzoic acid ester
*Benzyloxycarbonyl
*Salicylic acid or derivatives
*Benzoyl
*1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
*1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
*Phenol
*Vinylogous acid
*Carboxylic acid ester
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear oily liquid to solid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 1.17300 to 1.18100 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 9.761 to 9.827
Specific Gravity: 1.17400 to 1.18200 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - est.: 9.780 to 9.847
Refractive Index: 1.57900 to 1.58300 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 22.00 to 25.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 208.00 °C. @ 26.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 168.00 to 170.00 °C. @ 5.00 mm Hg
Congealing Point: 23.00 °C.
Acid Value: 1.00 max. KOH/g
Vapor Pressure: 0.000170 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 356.00 °F. TCC ( 180.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 4.209 (est)
Shelf Life: 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage: store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.

Soluble in:
deluent for candle fragrances
ethyl alcohol, 9 vol. 90% alcohol
fixed oils, most fixed oils
isopropyl myristate
kerosene
paraffin oil
water, 24.59 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:
water
glycerin
propylene glycol
Stability:
acid cleaner
antiperspirant
deo stick
detergent perborate
fabric softener
hair spray
non-discoloring in most media
shampoo
soap

Melting Point: 18°C to 20°C
Density: 1.17
Boiling Point: 190°C (14mmHg)
Flash Point: 137°C (278°F)
Refractive Index: 1.5804
Quantity: 100 g
Beilstein: 2115365
Merck Index: 14,1144
Formula Weight: 228.25
Percent Purity: 99%
Chemical Name or Material: Benzyl salicylate
Water Solubility: 0.11 g/L
logP: 3.66
logP: 4.05
logS: -3.3
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 9.72
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.3
Physiological Charge: 0

Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 46.53 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Refractivity: 64.68 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 23.66 ų
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C14H12O3
IUPAC name: benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C14H12O3/c15-13-9-5-4-8-12(13)14(16)17-10-11-6-2-1-3-7-11/h1-9,15H,10H2
InChI Key: ZCTQGTTXIYCGGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: OC1=C(C=CC=C1)C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 228.2433
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 228.07864425
Molecular Weight: 228.24 g/mol
XLogP3: 3.2

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 228.078644241 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 228.078644241 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 246
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color:colorless
Odor: No data available

Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 168 - 170 °C at 7 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 176,5 °C - closed cup - Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008, Annex, A.9
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 8,8 g/l at 20 °C - OECD Test Guideline 105
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 4,0 at 35 °C
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 25 °C - OECD Test Guideline 104
Density: 1,176 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Chemical formula: C14H12O3
Molar mass: 228.247 g·mol−1

Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 1.17 g/cm3
Molecular Formula: C14H12O3
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H12O3/c15-13-9-5-4-8-12(13)14(16)17-10-11-6-2-1-3-7-11/h1-9,15H,10H2
InChIKey: ZCTQGTTXIYCGGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 320°C
Melting Point: 130.5°C
Flash Point: 137°C
Purity: ≥95%
Density: 1.1751 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly), Water (Slightly)
Appearance: Almost colorless liquid
Storage: Store at -20°C
Assay: 0.99
Log P: 2.74920
MDL: MFCD00020034
Refractive Index: 1.5804-1.582
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Vapor Pressure: 7.8X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*After swallowing:
-Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
-nvironmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 56 min
*Body Protection:
Protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
-Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
-Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZYL SALICYLATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
BENZYL SALICYLATE
118-58-1
Benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl o-hydroxybenzoate
Salicylic Acid Benzyl Ester
Salicylic acid, benzyl ester
Phenylmethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Salicylsaeurebenzylester
NSC 6647
Salicyclic acid, benzyl ester
FEMA No. 2151
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, phenylmethyl ester
CCRIS 4749
UNII-WAO5MNK9TU
WAO5MNK9TU
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid phenylmethyl ester
EINECS 204-262-9
Salicyclic acid benzyl ester
BRN 2115365
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, phenylmethyl ester
DTXSID1024598
AI3-00517
NSC-6647
Salicylic acid-benzyl ester
Benzoic acid, hydroxy-, phenylmethyl ester
DTXCID304598
HSDB 8387
EC 204-262-9
4-10-00-00157 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
CAS-118-58-1
benzylsalicylate
benzyl salicilate
benzyl-salicylate
Benzyle salicylate
salicylic acid benzyl
Benzyl salicylate, 98%
SALICYLATE, BENZYL
WLN: QR BVO1R
SCHEMBL15573
MLS002415718
BIDD:ER0019
BENZYL SALICYLATE [MI]
CHEMBL460124
BENZYL SALICYLATE [FCC]
BENZYL SALICYLATE [FHFI]
BENZYL SALICYLATE [INCI]
FEMA 2151
NSC6647
Benzyl salicylate, >=98%, FG
CHEBI:165211
HMS2268I12
2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Benzyl Ester
BENZYL SALICYLATE [WHO-DD]
HY-B1556
Tox21_201869
Tox21_303046
MFCD00020034
Benzyl salicylate, analytical standard
AKOS015915010
NCGC00091411-01
NCGC00091411-02
NCGC00091411-03
NCGC00256928-01
NCGC00259418-01
AC-11580
AS-12902
SMR000112465
Benzyl salicylate, purum, >=99.0% (GC)
CS-0013437
FT-0654421
S0009
A893092
Q416929
J-003850
Z19703595
InChI=1/C14H12O3/c15-13-9-5-4-8-12(13)14(16)17-10-11-6-2-1-3-7-11/h1-9,15H,10H
Benzyl Salicylate
Salicylic Acid, Benzyl Ester
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy, Phenyl Methyl Ester
Benzyl O-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl salicylate
Benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Pachetta (base 80%) Benzyl salicylate
Benzyl ortho hydroxybenzoate
C14H12O3
Salicylic Acid, Benzyl Ester
Benzyl 2-Hydroxybenzoate
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, phenylmethyl ester
Salicylic acid, benzyl ester
Benzyl o-hydroxybenzoate
NSC 6647
Phenylmethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl 2-Hydroxybenzoate
Salicylic Acid Benzyl Ester
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, benzyl esterBenzoic acid
2-hydroxy-, phenylmethyl esterBenzyl
o-hydroxybenzoateBenzyl
o-hydroxybenzoateBenzyl
2-hydroxybenzoatePhenylmethyl
2-hydroxybenzoateSalicylic acid,
benzyl ester
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, phenylmethyl ester
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, phenylmethyl ester
Benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
Benzyl O-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl o-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl salicylate
Benzyl salicylic acid
Benzyle salicylate
FEMA 2151

Benzyl Salicylate is a clear almost colourless liquid that has a mild balsamic, sweetly floral note possessing excellent blending capabilities.
Benzyl Salicylate is an ester of Salicylic Acid and Benzyl Alcohol.
Benzyl salicylate is a constituent of raw propolis that can be identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

CAS Number: 118-58-1
Molecular Formula: C14H12O3
Molecular Weight: 228.24
EINECS Number: 204-262-9

Benzyl Salicylate occurs in several essential oils, is a colorless, viscous liquid with a weak, sweet, slightly balsamic odor.
Benzyl salicylate is a benzoate ester and a member of phenols.
It is functionally related to a salicylic acid.

Benzyl Salicylate is an almost colourless liquid that is mildly balsamic, with a sweet floral note that possesses excellent blending capabilities.
Benzyl salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester, a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics.

Benzyl Salicylate appears as an almost colorless liquid with a mild odor described as "very faint, sweetfloral, slightly balsamic" by those who can smell it, but many people either can't smell it at all or describe its smell as "musky".
Trace impurities can have a significant influence on the odour.

Benzyl Salicylate occurs naturally in a variety of plants and plant extracts and is widely used in blends of fragrance materials.
There is some evidence that people can become sensitized to this material and as a result there is a restriction standard concerning the use of this material in fragrances by the International Fragrance Association.
Benzyl Salicylate is used as a solvent for crystalline synthetic musks and as a component and fixative in floral perfumes such as carnation, jasmine, lilac, and wallflower.

Benzyl salicylate is a chemical compound that is commonly used in the fragrance and cosmetic industry as a fragrance ingredient and UV light absorber.
Benzyl Salicylate is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sweet, floral odor.
Benzyl salicylate is often found in various cosmetic and personal care products such as perfumes, lotions, creams, and shampoos to add a pleasant scent and to help protect the product from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

In addition to its fragrance and UV-absorbing properties, benzyl salicylate can also function as a fixative, helping to stabilize and extend the longevity of fragrances in various products.
Benzyl Salicylate is one of the 24 allergens regulated by Europe.
Benzyl Salicylate is produced naturally by many plants and is used as an odorous molecule in perfumed products: it is known for its light and balsamic, even musky scents.

Benzyl Salicylate is also a UV absorber which stabilizes the products.
The first sun creams were also produced from this ingredient, but it was abandoned as it was not very effective in this area.
Benzyl Salicylate (CAS No. 118-58-1, EC No. 204-262-9) with the chemical name ‘2- hydroxybenzoic acid phenylmethyl ester’ is produced naturally in a variety of plants and plant extracts where it can be extracted.

In addition, Benzyl Salicylate can be synthesised for use, typically as a fragrance ingredient, in a range of manufactured goods (cosmetics, household goods, and medicines).
In cosmetics, Benzyl Salicylate is used for its fragrance/perfuming function.

Benzyl salicylate is a salicylic acid benzyl ester, a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.
It appears as an almost colorless liquid with a mild odor described as "very faint, sweet-floral, slightly balsamic" by some, while others smell nothing at all.

There is debate whether the odour is caused solely by impurities or a genetic predisposition.
Benzyl Salicylate occurs naturally in a variety of plants and plant extracts and is widely used in blends of fragrance materials.
There is some evidence that people may become sensitized to this material and as a result, there is a restriction standard concerning the use of this material in fragrances by the International Fragrance Association.

Benzyl Salicylate is used as a solvent for crystalline synthetic musks and as a component and fixative in floral perfumes such as carnation, jasmine, lilac, and wallflower.
Benzyl salicylate may hydrolyze in aqueous acid or basic solutions.

Benzyl salicylate can react with oxidizing materials.
Benzyl salicylate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-hydroxybenzoic acid esters.

These are benzoic acid esters where the benzene ring is ortho-substituted with a hydroxy group.
Benzyl salicylate is a sweet, balsam, and clean tasting compound.
Benzyl salicylate has been detected, but not quantified in, cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) and herbs and spices.

This could make benzyl salicylate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on Benzyl salicylate.
Benzyl Salicylate was assessed by the SCCNFP in 1994 and by SCCS in 20125 and it is considered an established contact allergen in humans.

Benzyl Salicylate is currently regulated for labeling purposes as an allergen in entry 75 of Annex III to the Cosmetics Regulation.
In particular, “its presence must be indicated in the list of ingredients when its concentration exceeds 0.001% in leave-on products and 0.01% in rinse-off products”.
During the call for data, stakeholders submitted scientific evidence to demonstrate the safety of Benzyl Salicylate as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetic products.

Benzyl Salicylate is an ester of benzyl alcohol and salicylic acid; this ingredient has been associated with allergies and contact dermatitis.
Benzyl salicylate is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear liquid with a mild sweet floral odour.
This compound appears as a component of some of our fragrance blends.

Benzyl salicylate is a synthetic chemical produced for industry from benzyl alcohol and salicylic acid, however it can be found naturally in some plants and plant extracts, such as hyacinth flower oil and ylang-ylang oil.
Benzyl Salicylate's used as a fixative and solvent in cosmetic fragrances, and is also used in some sunscreens for its UV light absorbing properties.
Studies indicate a small percentage of people can be sensitive to this ingredient, which is why we list in when it's detected in our fragrances, though it only appears at very low concentrations, within the safe use defined by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA).

The IFRA is a self-regulatory representative body of the fragrance industry, dedicated to promoting the safe use of fragrances.
Benzyl salicylate is a volatile fragrance chemical with a sweet, floral odor used to impart scent to cosmetic products and perfumes.
Applied topically, benzyl salicylate can cause negative reactions, even in small amounts.

Benzyl salicylate is a chemical compound most frequently used in cosmetics.
Benzyl Salicylate is also used as a solvent for synthetic musks and as a preservative in floral compositions such as Jasmine, Liliac, and Lily.

Melting point: 18-20 °C
Boiling point: 168-170 °C5 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.176 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.01Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.581(lit.)
FEMA: 2151 | BENZYL SALICYLATE
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: -20°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
pka: 8.11±0.30(Predicted)
form: neat
color: Thick colorless liquid
Odor: pleasant odor
Odor Type: balsamic
Viscosity: 17mm2/s
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble
JECFA Number: 904
Merck: 14,1144
BRN: 2115365
InChIKey: ZCTQGTTXIYCGGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 4

Benzyl salicylate has the chemical formula C14H12O3 and is derived from the esterification of salicylic acid with benzyl alcohol.
Benzyl Salicylates chemical structure consists of a salicylate group (similar to the compound salicylic acid, which is used in skincare products for its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties) and a benzyl group.

Benzyl salicylate is known for its sweet, floral, and slightly balsamic odor.
Benzyl Salicylate is often used in perfumes and colognes to provide a pleasant fragrance note.
Benzyl Salicylate can contribute to a wide range of scent profiles, from floral to oriental, depending on the other fragrance ingredients used in combination.

In addition to its role as a fragrance ingredient, benzyl salicylate is used as a UV absorber in various sunscreen and sunblock products.
Benzyl Salicylate helps protect the skin and the product itself from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing UVB and UVA rays.
Benzyl salicylate is generally recognized as safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used within specified concentration limits.

Benzyl Salicylate has been assessed by regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS).
While benzyl salicylate is considered safe for most people, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to it, as is the case with many fragrance ingredients.
Skin irritation or allergic reactions can occur in individuals with hypersensitivity.

Benzyl Salicylate's important for manufacturers to list it as an ingredient on product labels to help consumers identify and avoid products that may contain it if they have known sensitivities.
In many countries, cosmetic and personal care product manufacturers are required to list all ingredients on the product label, following International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) guidelines.
This ensures transparency for consumers and helps them make informed choices about the products they use.

Benzyl Salicylate appears as an almost colorless liquid with a mild odor described as "very faint, sweet-floral, slightly balsamic" by some, while others smell nothing at all.
Benzyl Salicylate’s a common fragrance ingredient that has a light floral smell.
Benzyl Salicylate’s one of the “EU 26 fragrances” that has to be labelled separately (and cannot be simply included in the term “fragrance/perfume” on the label) because of allergen potential.

Benzyl salicylate is a volatile scent ingredient, meaning that it evaporates quickly when exposed to air.
Benzyl Salicylate has a light floral scent that makes the products that it is in smell sweet and appealing.
Benzyl salicylate is used to improve the scent and usability of products.

Benzyl Salicylate is often found in formulations such as bath products, bubble bath, make up, perfumes, shampoos, cleansers and sun tanning products.
Benzyl Salicylate is a clear colorless liquid with a sweet floral aroma. In cosmetics and personal care products, Benzyl Salicylate is used in the formulation of bath products, bubble baths, cleansing products, hair care products, makeup, moisturizers, perfumes and colognes, shampoos, skin care products and suntan products.

Benzyl Salicylate is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synthetically.
Benzyl Salicylate has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.
Its salts, the salicylates, are used as analgesics.

Benzyl Salicylate treats acne by causing skin cells to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up.
This effect on skin cells also makes salicylic acid an active ingredient in several shampoos meant to treat dandruff.
Benzyl Salicylate is use of straight salicylic solution may cause hyperpigmentation on unpretreated skin for those with darker skin types (Fitzpatrick phototypes IV, V, VI), as well as with the lack of use of a broad spectrum sunblock.

Benzyl salicylate is often used in combination with other fragrance ingredients to create complex and appealing scents.
Perfumers and fragrance chemists use it as a versatile component to enhance and modify fragrance compositions.
Benzyl Salicylate can be found in a wide range of products, from fine fragrances to everyday consumer goods.

Benzyl salicylate's ability to absorb UV radiation makes it valuable for enhancing the photostability of certain cosmetic and personal care products.
When added to formulations, it can help prevent the degradation of active ingredients and the alteration of product color, scent, or texture when exposed to sunlight.
The concentration of benzyl salicylate in cosmetic and personal care products is subject to regulatory restrictions in various countries.

These restrictions are in place to ensure the safety of consumers.
Manufacturers must adhere to these limits when formulating products to prevent potential skin sensitization or other adverse reactions.
While benzyl salicylate is often synthetically produced for commercial use, it can also be found in small quantities in some natural substances.

Benzyl Salicylate can be present in certain essential oils, such as ylang-ylang oil, where it contributes to the oil's fragrance profile.
In cases where individuals are sensitive or allergic to benzyl salicylate, they may seek products that are labeled as "fragrance-free" or "scent-free."
These products typically do not contain added fragrances or fragrance ingredients, including benzyl salicylate, which can help minimize the risk of allergic reactions.

Benzyl salicylate can be found in a wide variety of products, including perfumes, colognes, body lotions, sunscreens, moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, and more.
Benzyl Salicylates use is particularly common in products designed for sun protection and skin care.

Uses
Benzyl Salicylate is a fragrance found naturally occurring in carnations and in certain members of the primrose family.
Although Benzyl Salicylate can be derived for cosmetic use from natural essential oils, such as jasmine oil, neroli, and ylang-ylang, it can also be synthetically manufactured.
Benzyl salicylate is a fragrance ingredient that is used in cosmetics and skincare products to improve their scent.

Benzyl Salicylate is an chemical compound commonly used in the cosmetic industry.
Benzyl Salicylate is also found in essential oils from green tea and was shown to exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobia l activity.
Benzyl Salicylate is used as a UV absorber, when applied to the skin it absorbs UV rays.

Benzyl Salicylate also has a pleasant smell, so it is also used as a fragrance ingredient.
Some researchers ha stated that it is also useful in acne prone skin because of the presence of salicylic acid in it
Often used for its ‘cosmetic notes’ as a base for heavy florals such as ylang, gardenia, jasmine, lily etc.

Benzyl Salicylate is also used in functional products such as soap, shampoo and fabric softener.
Benzyl Salicylate can also be used succesfully in products such as shampoo, soap and fabric softener.
Benzyl salicylate is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient.

Benzyl Salicylate imparts a sweet, floral, and slightly balsamic scent, making it a valuable component in perfumes, colognes, and other fragranced products.
It contributes to the overall aroma profile of these products, adding depth and complexity to the scent.
Benzyl salicylate serves as a UV absorber in cosmetic and personal care products, particularly in sunscreens and sunblock lotions.

Benzyl Salicylate helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing UVB and UVA rays.
This UV protection is important for preventing skin damage and sunburn.
In addition to protecting the skin from UV radiation, benzyl salicylate can enhance the photostability of certain cosmetic formulations.

When added to products, Benzyl Salicylate helps prevent the degradation of active ingredients and maintains the product's color, scent, and texture when exposed to sunlight.
Benzyl salicylate can act as a fixative in perfumes and fragranced products.
Benzyl Salicylate helps stabilize and prolong the longevity of fragrances, allowing them to last longer on the skin or in the product itself.

While less common, benzyl salicylate is occasionally used as a flavoring agent in the food industry, primarily in small quantities for specific flavor profiles.
In some industrial and pharmaceutical applications, benzyl salicylate may be used as an intermediate compound in chemical processes.
Benzyl salicylate is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair styling products.

Benzyl Salicylate can help add a pleasant scent to these products while also providing some UV protection for the hair.
In addition to facial skincare products, body lotions, creams, and moisturizers may contain benzyl salicylate to enhance their fragrance and provide some level of UV protection for the skin.
Some sunless tanning products, like self-tanning lotions and sprays, may include benzyl salicylate to help protect the skin from UV radiation and maintain the product's stability.

Benzyl salicylate can be found in various cosmetic products, including foundations, powders, lipsticks, and eyeshadows.
Benzyl Salicylate can contribute to the overall sensory experience of these products by adding a subtle fragrance.
Soaps, shower gels, bath oils, and bath bombs may contain benzyl salicylate to provide a pleasant scent and, in some cases, a minimal level of UV protection.

Some nail polishes and nail care products may incorporate benzyl salicylate to improve the scent and extend the longevity of the fragrance.
Benzyl salicylate can also be used in scented candles and air fresheners to provide a sweet and floral aroma when these products are burned or diffused.
While less common, benzyl salicylate may find use in industrial applications such as plastics, coatings, and adhesives, where it can serve as a UV stabilizer.

Benzyl salicylate can be incorporated into aromatherapy products, such as essential oil blends, diffuser oils, and massage oils, to contribute to the overall scent and therapeutic experience.
In tanning oils and lotions used for outdoor tanning, benzyl salicylate can act as a mild UV protector for the skin while adding a pleasant scent.

Some after-sun products, such as soothing creams and lotions, may contain benzyl salicylate to provide fragrance and, in some cases, a degree of UV protection for sun-exposed skin.
Benzyl Salicylate is generally safe for most individuals, it may be found in some skincare products designed for sensitive or hypoallergenic skin as a fragrance component.
In such cases, its concentration is usually minimal.

Benzyl salicylate is utilized in the production of perfumed candles, reed diffusers, room sprays, and other home fragrance products to create a pleasant indoor atmosphere.
Benzyl Salicylate may be used in trace amounts as a flavoring agent, primarily in products where its sweet and floral notes complement the flavor profile.
However, Benzyl Salicylates use in food is less common compared to other food flavorings.

Perfumers and fragrance chemists continually explore new applications and creative uses for fragrance ingredients like benzyl salicylate to develop unique and captivating scents for various products, including niche perfumes and artisanal cosmetics.
In the field of research and development, benzyl salicylate can be used as a reference compound for testing and calibration in analytical chemistry and quality control processes.

Safety Profile:
Benzyl salicylate poses dangers to sensitive skin.
Even in very small amounts, Benzyl Salicylate may cause allergic reactions when applied to the skin.
Benzyl salicylate can cause contact dermatitis (skin irritation) to people with sensitive skin types.

Benzyl Salicylate is also on the European Commission's list of 26 known allergens.
Some of the other ingredients on the fragrance allergen list include linalool, coumarin, geraniol, and limonene.
Benzyl salicylate can cause skin sensitization or allergic reactions in some individuals, particularly those with preexisting sensitivities or allergies to fragrances or cosmetic ingredients.

Benzyl Salicylate may cause eye irritation, leading to redness, tearing, or discomfort.
Benzyl Salicylate avoid direct contact with the eyes and rinse thoroughly with water if eye contact occurs.
Inhalation of benzyl salicylate vapors or mists in high concentrations may cause respiratory irritation or discomfort.

Benzyl salicylate is not intended for ingestion.
Ingesting significant amounts of this chemical can be harmful and may lead to nausea, vomiting, or other gastrointestinal symptoms.
In case of accidental ingestion, seek medical attention.

Benzyl salicylate is not considered highly flammable, but it may burn if exposed to an open flame or heat source.
Store Benzyl Salicylate away from open flames, sparks, or heat sources.

Benzyl salicylate should not be mixed or stored with incompatible chemicals.
Benzyl Salicylate may react with strong acids or bases, potentially leading to hazardous situations or product degradation.

Environmental Impact:
As with many chemical compounds, benzyl salicylate, when improperly disposed of or released into the environment in significant quantities, can have adverse effects on aquatic life and ecosystems.
Benzyl Salicylate is important to follow environmental regulations and guidelines for its disposal.

Synonyms
BENZYL SALICYLATE
118-58-1
Benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Benzyl o-hydroxybenzoate
Salicylic Acid Benzyl Ester
Salicylic acid, benzyl ester
Phenylmethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Salicylsaeurebenzylester
NSC 6647
Salicyclic acid, benzyl ester
FEMA No. 2151
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, phenylmethyl ester
CCRIS 4749
UNII-WAO5MNK9TU
WAO5MNK9TU
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid phenylmethyl ester
EINECS 204-262-9
Salicyclic acid benzyl ester
BRN 2115365
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, phenylmethyl ester
DTXSID1024598
AI3-00517
NSC-6647
Salicylic acid-benzyl ester
Benzoic acid, hydroxy-, phenylmethyl ester
DTXCID304598
HSDB 8387
EC 204-262-9
4-10-00-00157 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
CAS-118-58-1
benzylsalicylate
benzyl salicilate
benzyl-salicylate
Benzyle salicylate
salicylic acid benzyl
Benzyl salicylate, 98%
SALICYLATE, BENZYL
WLN: QR BVO1R
SCHEMBL15573
MLS002415718
BIDD:ER0019
BENZYL SALICYLATE [MI]
CHEMBL460124
BENZYL SALICYLATE [FCC]
BENZYL SALICYLATE [FHFI]
BENZYL SALICYLATE [INCI]
FEMA 2151
NSC6647
Benzyl salicylate, >=98%, FG
CHEBI:165211
HMS2268I12
2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Benzyl Ester
BENZYL SALICYLATE [WHO-DD]
HY-B1556
Tox21_201869
Tox21_303046
MFCD00020034
Benzyl salicylate, analytical standard
AKOS015915010
NCGC00091411-01
NCGC00091411-02
NCGC00091411-03
NCGC00256928-01
NCGC00259418-01
AC-11580
AS-12902
SMR000112465
Benzyl salicylate, purum, >=99.0% (GC)
CS-0013437
FT-0654421
S0009
A893092
Q416929
J-003850
Z19703595
InChI=1/C14H12O3/c15-13-9-5-4-8-12(13)14(16)17-10-11-6-2-1-3-7-11/h1-9,15H,10H

Benzyldimethylamine can also be prepared by reacting benzyl chloride with dimethylamine .
Benzyldimethylamine is a flammable, low-volatility, colorless liquid with a foul, amine-like odor that is poorly soluble in water.
Benzyldimethylamine is aqueous solution has an alkaline reaction.

CAS Number: 103-83-3
Molecular Formula: C9H13N
Molecular Weight: 135.21
EINECS Number: 203-149-1

Benzyldimethylamine, 103-83-3, Benzyldimethylamine, Benzyldimethylamine, N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, Dimethylbenzylamine, BDMA, Benzenemethanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine, N,N-Dimethylbenzenemethanamine, Araldite accelerator 062, N,N-Dimethyl-N-benzylamine, N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine, Benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-, Sumine 2015, N,N'-Dimethylbenzylamine, NSC 5342, Benzyl-dimethyl-amine, TYP7AXQ1YJ, DTXSID8021854, NSC-5342, NCGC00090991-02, 28262-13-7, DTXCID801854, CAS-103-83-3, CCRIS 6693, UNII-TYP7AXQ1YJ, EINECS 203-149-1, UN2619, Benzenemethanamine, dimethyl-, AI3-26794, Benzenemethamine, N,N-dimethyl-, Dabco BDMA, N,N-dimethyl-1-phenyl-methanamine, benzyldimethyl-amine, dimethylbenzyl amine, n-dimethylbenzylamine, dimethyl benzyl amine, N,N-Dmethylbenzylamne, N-benzyl dimethylamine, Benzylamine,N-dimethyl-, N,N,-dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyl benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-benzylamine, N, N-Dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyl benzyl amine, Benzenemethanamine,dimethyl-, EC 203-149-1, dimethyl (phenylmethyl)amine, SCHEMBL15900, MLS002222342, CHEMBL45591, N,N-Dimethyl(phenyl)methanamine, NSC5342, Benzyldimethylamine, >=99%, N,N-Dimethyl(phenyl)methanamine #, WLN: 1N1 & 1R, Tox21_113457, Tox21_200719, MFCD00008329, AKOS000120578, UN 2619, NCGC00090991-01, NCGC00090991-03, NCGC00258273-01, AC-10211, LS-13652, SMR001307284, Benzyldimethylamine(Benzyldimethylamine), Benzyldimethylamine [UN2619] [Corrosive], D0688, FT-0657620, NS00008694, EN300-16212, N,?N-?Dimethylbenzylamine(Benzyldimethylamine), Q424966, J-001043, J-523270, InChI=1/C9H13N/c1-10(2)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7H,8H2,1-2H, Benzyldimethylamine, for protein sequence analysis, >=99.5% (GC).

Benzyldimethylamine is a colorless liquid.
Benzyldimethylamine is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Benzyldimethylamine is commonly used as a reagent in organic synthesis and also serves as a catalyst in the synthesis of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.

Benzyldimethylamine appears as a colorless to light yellow liquid with an aromatic odor.
Slightly less dense than water and slightly soluble in water.
Corrosive to skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

Slightly toxic by ingestion, skin absorption and inhalation.
Benzyldimethylamine is used in the manufacture of adhesives; dehydrohalogenating catalyst; corrosion inhibitor; acid neutralizer; potting compounds; cellulose modifier and quaternary ammonium compounds.
Benzyldimethylamine, the benzyl chloride was added dropwise over a two-hour period to the amine at a rate sufficient to maintain the temperature below 40°C.

Stirring was continued at room temperature for an additional hour to insure completion of the reaction denoted by the equation below.
Thereafter the reaction mixture was cooled in a separatory funnel while standing in a refrigerator maintained at 5° C.
The upper oily layer, weighing 111.5g, was removed and steam distilled until no further oleaginous component was observed in the distillate as it came over.

The crude distillate was found to contain 103.5g of Benzyldimethylamine (76.1% of theory), 3.3g of Benzyldimethylamine and no quaternary salts.
The Benzyldimethylamine was distilled off below 29°C under atmospheric pressure from the Benzyldimethylamine (bp 82°C/18mmHg).
Benzyldimethylamine neutralizes acids on exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.

May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. May attack some plastics.
Benzyldimethylamine can be obtained by reacting benzylamine with methanol in the presence of hydrogen chloride as a catalyst.

Benzyldimethylamine has a viscosity of 3 mPa s at 20 °C.
Benzyldimethylamine is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2N(CH3)2.
The molecule consists of a benzyl group, C6H5CH2, attached to a dimethylamino functional group.

Benzyldimethylamine reacts with Os3(CO)12 to form triosmium clusters.
Anodic oxidation of Benzyldimethylamine has been studied in methanol-tetra-n-butylammonium fluoroborate and in methanol-potassium hydroxide.
A product study of the reaction of Benzyldimethylamine with thermally and photochemically generated 1O2 in MeCN was carried out.

Benzyldimethylamine and N-benzyl-N-methylformamide are the reaction products, oxygenation representing ca. 9% of the overall quenching of 1O2 by 1.
The temperature effect and the intermolecular and intramolecular kinetic deuterium isotope effects were also determined.
Benzyldimethylamine is suggested that the products derive from an intracomplex hydrogen atom transfer in a reversibly formed charge-transfer complex.

Benzyldimethylamine a colorless to light yellow liquid with an aromatic odor.
Slightly less dense than water and slightly soluble in water.
Corrosive to skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

Slightly toxic by ingestion, skin absorption and inhalation.
Benzyldimethylamine is used in the manufacture of adhesives and other chemicals.
Benzyldimethylamine is used in the preparation of bis[(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl] selenide.

Benzyldimethylamine acts as a catalyst in the curing reaction of formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
Benzyldimethylamine undergoes directed ortho metalation with butyl lithium.
Benzyldimethylamine reacts with methyl iodide to get ammonium salt, which is used as phase transfer catalysts.

Benzyldimethylamine is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Benzyldimethylamine is an intermediate for organic synthesis, such as synthesis of quaternary ammonium salt, also used in dehydrogenation catalyst, preservative, acid neutralizer, etc.
Benzyldimethylamine appears as a colorless to light yellow liquid with an aromatic odor with the formula C9H13N .

Mainly Used in the manufacture of adhesives and other chemicals.
Benzyldimethylamine, also known as N-benzyl-n,n-dimethylamine nitrate or benzyl-dimethyl-amine, is a member of the class of compounds known as phenylmethylamines.
Benzyldimethylamines are compounds containing a phenylmethtylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted by an methanamine.

Benzyldimethylamine is slightly soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa).
Benzyldimethylamine can be found in tea, which makes Benzyldimethylamine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Benzyldimethylamine, also known as N,N-Dimethylbenzylamine, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C9H13N.

Benzyldimethylamine is classified as a tertiary amine due to its nitrogen atom bonded to three carbon groups.
The chemical structure of Benzyldimethylamine consists of a benzene ring attached to a methyl group and a dimethylamine group.
Benzyldimethylamine is typically soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and ether but may have limited solubility in water.

Benzyldimethylamine can be used to synthesize quaternary ammonium salts by reacting it with alkyl halides.
These quaternary ammonium salts may find applications as phase transfer catalysts or antimicrobial agents.
The dimethylamine group in Benzyldimethylamine can undergo reactions with various electrophiles, allowing it to participate in a range of organic synthesis processes.

In certain applications, Benzyldimethylamine may be employed as a corrosion inhibitor, helping to prevent or reduce corrosion in metal surfaces.
Benzyldimethylamine is utilized in laboratory settings for its catalytic properties and as a reactant in organic synthesis.
Benzyldimethylamine may be used in industrial processes where its catalytic or intermediate properties are beneficial.

Benzyldimethylamine can be used in analytical chemistry, particularly for protein sequence analysis.
Proper disposal practices should be followed to minimize environmental impact, and it's important to handle and dispose of the compound in accordance with regulations.
Users and handlers of Benzyldimethylamine should refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer or supplier for specific safety guidelines, handling procedures, and emergency measures.

Melting point: -75 °C
Boiling point: 183-184 °C765 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 0.9 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 2.4 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.501(lit.)
Flash point: 130 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: water: soluble
pka: pK1:9.02(+1) (25°C)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to light yellow
PH: 10 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)(saturated solution)
Odor: strong fish odor
explosive limit 0.9-6.3%(V)
Water Solubility: 8 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
BRN: 1099620
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: 1.98 at 25℃

Benzyldimethylamine is used in the preparation of bis[(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl] selenide.
Benzyldimethylamine acts as a catalyst in the curing reaction of formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
Benzyldimethylamine undergoes directed ortho metalation with butyl lithium.

Benzyldimethylamine reacts with methyl iodide to get ammonium salt, which is used as phase transfer catalysts.
Benzyldimethylamine is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Benzyldimethylamine is a slightly toxic, flammable, colorless to light yellow liquid organic compound with an aromatic odor.

Benzyldimethylamine is used in the manufacture of adhesives and other chemicals.
Benzyldimethylamine may exhibit hygroscopic properties, meaning it has the ability to absorb moisture from the surrounding environment.
Benzyldimethylamine can be incorporated into resin formulations, contributing to the curing process and modifying the properties of the final cured resin.

In polymer chemistry, Benzyldimethylamine may serve as an additive to modify the properties of certain polymers.
Benzyldimethylamine can be used in the formulation of adhesives, influencing the curing and adhesive properties of the final product.
Some derivatives of Benzyldimethylamine may find applications in pharmaceuticals, either as intermediates or as components in drug formulations.

Benzyldimethylamine may act as a complexing agent in certain chemical processes, forming stable complexes with metal ions.
Benzyldimethylamine is used as a chemical reagent in various laboratory procedures, including organic synthesis and analytical chemistry.
The compound's chemical structure and properties make it compatible with a range of other compounds, allowing for diverse applications in different formulations.

Users should follow proper handling precautions, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment, when working with Benzyldimethylamine.
Compliance with local, regional, and international regulations is essential when using Benzyldimethylamine, and users should be aware of any restrictions or guidelines.
Benzyldimethylamine is often available in different grades, including technical grade, and the specific grade may depend on the intended application.

Like many amines, Benzyldimethylamine may have an amine-like odor, and exposure to high concentrations should be avoided.
Adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment should be used when handling the compound.
Specific safety guidelines and recommendations can be found in the safety data sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer.

Benzyldimethylamine is often employed as a catalyst in various chemical reactions.
Benzyldimethylamine is catalytic properties make it valuable in promoting specific chemical transformations.
One significant application involves the quaternization reaction, where Benzyldimethylamine is reacted with an alkyl halide to produce a quaternary ammonium salt.

These salts have applications in various chemical processes, including as surfactants and phase transfer catalysts.
Quaternary ammonium compounds derived from Benzyldimethylamine may exhibit surfactant properties, making them useful in formulations such as detergents, fabric softeners, and other cleaning products.
Benzyldimethylamine may be involved in certain polymerization reactions, contributing to the synthesis of polymers with specific properties.

Some quaternary ammonium compounds derived from Benzyldimethylamine have antimicrobial properties, which can be beneficial in formulations like disinfectants and sanitizers.
In certain industrial applications, Benzyldimethylamine can act as a corrosion inhibitor, helping to protect metal surfaces from corrosion.
Benzyldimethylamine is involvement in various reactions and its role as an intermediate in organic synthesis contribute to its significance in the preparation of diverse chemical compounds.

Benzyldimethylamine is utilized in protein sequence analysis, showcasing its importance in biochemical and analytical applications.
The compound may find applications in research and development, contributing to the synthesis of novel materials and compounds.

Proper handling and storage practices, as outlined in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS), are crucial to ensure the safety of individuals working with Benzyldimethylamine.
Users should comply with local regulations and guidelines regarding the handling, storage, and disposal of Benzyldimethylamine.

Uses:
Benzyldimethylamine was used in the synthesis of bis[(N,N-dimethylamino)benzyl] selenide.
Benzyldimethylamine has been used as catalyst during curing reaction of formulations of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
Benzyldimethylamine undergoes directed ortho metalation with butyl lithium.

Benzyldimethylamine reacts with methyl iodide to get ammonium salt, which is used as phase transfer catalysts.
Further, Benzyldimethylamine is used as a catalyst for the formation of polyurethane foams and epoxy resins.
Benzyldimethylamine is used in the production of polyurethane paints , coatings, foams and potting compounds and as an intermediate in organic syntheses.

Benzyldimethylamine is also used in electron microscopy as a so-called Maraglas catalyst.
As the molecule has tertiary amine functionality, two of the key uses are as an epoxy-amine cure enhancement catalyst and also as a polyurethane catalyst.
Benzyldimethylamine, can be ligated with a N-heterocyclic carbene, to produce a highly active, practical and versatile catalyst for the Heck-Mizoroki reaction.

Benzyldimethylamine can also be used for the perpetration of novel electrolyte, dibenzyldimethylammonium fluoride for acylation of cellulose.
Benzyldimethylamine is employed as a curing agent in the formulation of resins, contributing to the polymerization process and modifying the properties of the cured resin.
Benzyldimethylamine may be involved in polymerization reactions, contributing to the synthesis of polymers with specific characteristics.

Benzyldimethylamine can act as a solvent in certain chemical reactions, aiding in the dissolution and mixing of reactants.
Some quaternary ammonium compounds derived from Benzyldimethylamine possess antimicrobial properties, making them suitable for use in disinfectants and sanitizers.
Quaternary ammonium salts obtained from Benzyldimethylamine may be used for pH regulation in various formulations.

Quaternary ammonium compounds derived from Benzyldimethylamine are employed in fabric softeners, enhancing the softness of fabrics and reducing static cling.
Benzyldimethylamine may find applications in the oil and gas industry, particularly in certain chemical processes and formulations.
Benzyldimethylamine can be used in metalworking processes to provide corrosion protection for metal surfaces.

Benzyldimethylamine is utilized as an additive in certain industrial fluids to modify their properties.
In the oil and gas sector, Benzyldimethylamine is sometimes used as a hydrogen sulfide scavenger to mitigate the corrosive effects of hydrogen sulfide.
Benzyldimethylamine may serve as an additive in certain fuels to improve combustion properties.

Benzyldimethylamine may be used in the synthesis of certain photographic chemicals.
Benzyldimethylamine can be involved in the manufacturing of dyes and related compounds.
Benzyldimethylaminecan be used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds.

Benzyldimethylamine may serve as a catalyst or a reactant in certain chemical reactions.
Benzyldimethylamine can be further reacted to form quaternary ammonium salts, which have applications in various chemical processes.
Benzyldimethylamine is used as a catalyst in various chemical reactions, particularly in organic synthesis.

Benzyldimethylamine serves as an intermediate in the production of quaternary ammonium compounds, which find applications in the synthesis of surfactants and other specialty chemicals.
In some cases, Benzyldimethylamine may be used as a corrosion inhibitor.
Benzyldimethylamine is often employed as a catalyst in various chemical reactions, facilitating the transformation of reactants into products.

Benzyldimethylamine is a key intermediate in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts.
These salts have applications as surfactants, phase transfer catalysts, and antimicrobial agents.
Some quaternary ammonium compounds derived from Benzyldimethylamine exhibit surfactant properties.

These compounds are used in formulations such as detergents, fabric softeners, and cleaning products.
In polymer chemistry, Benzyldimethylamine can be used as an additive to modify the properties of certain polymers.
Benzyldimethylamine finds applications in adhesive formulations, influencing the curing process and adhesive properties of the final product.

Benzyldimethylamine can act as a corrosion inhibitor in certain industrial applications, helping to protect metal surfaces from corrosion.
Benzyldimethylamine is used as a chemical reagent in various laboratory procedures, including organic synthesis and analytical chemistry.
Benzyldimethylamine may be incorporated into resin formulations, contributing to the curing process and modifying the properties of the final cured resin.

Some derivatives of Benzyldimethylamine find applications in pharmaceuticals, either as intermediates or as components in drug formulations.
Benzyldimethylamine may serve as a complexing agent in certain chemical processes, forming stable complexes with metal ions.

Benzyldimethylamine is utilized in research and development for the synthesis of novel materials, compounds, and chemical processes.
Benzyldimethylamine plays a role in the formulation of adhesives, influencing the curing and adhesive properties of the final product.

Health Hazard:
Inhalation may be fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation and edema of the larynx and bronchi, chemical pneumonitis, and pulmonary edema.
Symptoms of exposure may include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea, and vomitting.

Safety Profile:
Poison by ingestion.
Moderately toxic by inhalation and skin contact.
A severe eye and skin irritant.

Flammable when exposed to heat or flame.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
The vapors of benzyldimethylamine can form an explosive mixture with air ( flash point 55 °C, ignition temperature 410 °C).

Benzyldimethylamine should be handled with care as it is a chemical substance, and exposure to skin, eyes, or inhalation should be avoided.
Proper safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, should be followed when working with this compound.
The specific hazards and safety guidelines may vary, and it's crucial to refer to the safety data sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer or supplier.

DESCRIPTION:
Benzyldimethylammonium chloride appears as colorless or yellowish powder or gummy amber solid.
Benzyldimethylammonium chloride has Aromatic odor.
Benzyldimethylammonium chloride is Very bitter taste.

CAS: 63449-41-2
European Community (EC) Number: 264-151-6
Molecular Formula: C19H34ClN

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZYLDIMETHYLDECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:
Molecular Weight: 311.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 11
Exact Mass: 311.2379778
Monoisotopic Mass: 311.2379778
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 21
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 216
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Form: powder
Mp: 50-60 °C

Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride (BDDAC) is a quaternary ammonium salt which has a wide range of applications in the scientific research field.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride is a cationic surfactant, meaning it has the ability to reduce the surface tension of water, and is used as an emulsifying agent, detergent, and antiseptic.
BDDAC has been studied extensively in various scientific applications, including in vivo and in vitro experiments, as well as in biochemical and physiological applications.

SYNTHESIS METHOD OF BENZYLDIMETHYLDECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:
BDDAC is synthesized from the reaction of benzyldimethylamine and decylamine with hydrochloric acid.
The reaction is conducted in an aqueous solution, and the product is then isolated and purified by crystallization.
The product is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of approximately 140°C.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATIONS:
BDDAC has been studied extensively for its potential applications in scientific research.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has been used in both in vivo and in vitro experiments, as well as in biochemical and physiological studies.

MECHANISM OF ACTION:
BDDAC is a cationic surfactant, meaning it has the ability to reduce the surface tension of water.
It is thought to act by binding to the surface of cells and disrupting the cell membrane, which can result in the release of intracellular contents.
It is also thought to act by disrupting the cell-cell interactions, which can result in changes in the cell’s physiology.

BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS:
BDDAC has been found to have a wide range of biochemical and physiological effects.
It has been found to affect the activity of enzymes, the metabolism of carbohydrates, and the synthesis of proteins.
It has also been found to affect the transport of ions across cell membranes, as well as the growth and development of cells.

IN VIVO STUDIES:
BDDAC has been used in in vivo studies to study the effects of the compound on various biological systems.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has been used to study the effects of the compound on the immune system, as well as its effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has also been used to study the effects of the compound on the skin and the gastrointestinal tract.

IN VITRO STUDIES:
BDDAC has also been used in in vitro experiments to study the effects of the compound on various biochemical and physiological processes.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has been used to study the effects of the compound on cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell death.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride also been used to study the effects of the compound on gene expression and the regulation of gene expression.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY:
BDDAC has been found to have a wide range of biological activities.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has been found to be an effective antiseptic and detergent, as well as an emulsifying agent.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has also been found to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities.

Advantages and Limitations for Lab Experiments:
BDDAC has been found to be an effective antiseptic and detergent, as well as an emulsifying agent.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has also been found to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities.

However, Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride has also been found to be toxic at high concentrations and can cause skin irritation in some individuals.
Additionally, BDDAC can be difficult to work with in the laboratory due to its high melting point and insolubility in water.

Pharmacodynamics:
BDDAC is a cationic surfactant, meaning it has the ability to reduce the surface tension of water.
It is thought to act by binding to the surface of cells and disrupting the cell membrane, which can result in the release of intracellular contents.
It is also thought to act by disrupting the cell-cell interactions, which can result in changes in the cell’s physiology.

Future Directions:
There are a number of potential future directions for the use of BDDAC in scientific research.
These include the development of new synthesis methods, the exploration of its potential applications in other fields such as drug delivery and gene therapy, and the study of its effects on other biological systems such as the nervous system and the immune system.

Additionally, further research into the mechanism of action of BDDAC and its biochemical and physiological effects is needed in order to better understand its potential applications.
Finally, further research into the advantages and limitations of BDDAC for laboratory experiments is needed in order to optimize its use in the laboratory.

APPLICATION OF BENZYLDIMETHYLDECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride may be used as an analytical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in grapefruit seed extracts, milk samples and food products by chromatography based techniques.
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride belongs to the benzalkonium (BAC) group of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs).
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride is widely used as an antibacterial and antifungal agent for disinfection purposes.



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BENZYLDIMETHYLDECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

SYNONYMS OF BENZYLDIMETHYLDECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE:
Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:

965-32-2
Benzyldimethyldecylammonium chloride
63449-41-2
BENZYLDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
benzyl-decyl-dimethylazanium;chloride
Benzenemethanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride
C8-18-Alkydimethylbenzyl ammonium chlorides
Roccal
Benzyldimethyl(mixed alkyl)ammonium chloride
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C8-18-alkyldimethyl, chlorides
MFCD00145757
Tret-O-lite XC 511
Benzyl(decyl)dimethylammonium chloride
CCRIS 4586
EINECS 213-521-5
EINECS 264-151-6
N-Capryl-N,N-dimethylbenzylammonium chloride
SCHEMBL29243
CHEMBL1878297
DTXSID7040780
Benzenemethanaminium, N-decyl-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride (1:1)
decyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride
Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides, benzyl-C8-18-alkyldimethyl
decyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride
NCGC00164244-01
BENZYL(DECYL)DIMETHYLAZANIUM CHLORIDE
FT-0629866
N-Benzyl-N-decyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride
Ammonium, alkyl(C14-16)dimethylbenzyl-, chlorides

Benzyltrimethylammonium chloride; Trimethylbenzylammonium chloride; Ammonium, benzyltrimethyl-, chloride; N,N,N-Trimethylbenzenemethanaminium chloride; BTM; TMBAC; cloruro de benciltributilamonio; Chlorure de benzyltributylammonium; CAS NO: 56-93-9

Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) has a role as a solvent, a metabolite, an antioxidant and a fragrance.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.


CAS Number: 100-51-6
EC Number: 202-859-9
E number: E1519 (additional chemicals)
Molecular Formula: C7H8O / C6H5CH2OH



SYNONYMS:
Benzylalkohol, alcohol benzylicus,Phenylcarbinolum, Phenylmethanol, Benzylic Alcohol, Benzylalcohol, Benzyl Alcohol, alcoholum benzylicum, alcool benzylique, alpha-Hydroxytoluene, alpha-toluenol, Aromatic alcohol, benzenecarbinol, Benzenemethanol, benzyl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Benzylalkohol, benzylic alcohol, (hydroxymethyl)benzene, Hydroxymethylbenzene, Phenylcarbinol, phenylmethanol, Phenylmethanol, phenylmethyl alcohol, Benzenemethanol, α-Hydroxytoluene, α-Toluenol, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Benzenecarbinol, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Methanol, phenyl-, NCI-C06111, Hydroxytoluene, Bentalol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzenmethanol, Benzylic alcohol, Methanol benzene, NSC 8044, Benzyl Alkohol, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, .alpha.-Hydroxytoluene, .alpha.-Toluenol, AB1002552, AC1L18SY, AC1Q7C20, AKOS000119907, Alcohol bencilico, Alcohol, Benzyl, Alcool benzilico, Alcool benzilico [DCIT], Alcool benzylique, Aromatic alcohol, Aromatic primary alcohol, B2378, BB_SC-7027, BENZYL ALCOHOL, ACS, BENZYL ALCOHOL, U.S.P./N.F., BENZYL-ALCOHOL, Benzal alcohol, Benzencarbinol, Benzene Carbinol, Benzenecarbinol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzyl Alcohole, Benzylalkohol, Benzylicum, Euxyl K 100, Hydroxytoluene, Itch-X, Jsp000133, Methanol, phenyl-, NCI-C06111, PENTADEOTEROBENZYL ALCOHOL, Phenolcarbinol, Phenyl Methanol, Phenyl-Methanol, Phenylcarbinolum, Phenylmethyl alcohol, TOLUENE,ALPHA-HYDROXY, alcoholum benzylicum, alpha-Toluenol, alpha-hydroxytoluene, aplha-Hydroxytoluene, benzenemethanol, benzylalcohol, benzylic alcohol, hydroxymethylbenzene, nchem.167-comp3, nchem.651-comp3i, nchem.932-comp19, phenylcarbinol, TB 13g, C7H8O, alcohol benzylicus, Benzenemethanol, Benzylic Alcohol, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl Alcohol, alpha-Toluenol, phenylmethanol, .alpha.-hydroxytoluene, .alpha.-toluenol, (hydroxymethyl)benzene, a-Hydroxytoluene, a-Toluenol, alcoholum benzylicum, Alcool benzylique, alpha-hydroxytoluene, Alpha-toluenol, Aromatic primary alcohol, Bentalol, Benzal alcohol, Benzenecarbinol, Benzenemethanol, benzenmethanol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Benzyl alkohol, Benzyl-alcohol, BenzylAlcohol, Benzylalkohol, Benzylic alcohol, Benzylicum, Enzylalcohol, hydroxymethylbenzene, Hydroxytoluene, MBN, Methanol benzene, Methanol, phenyl-, Phenolcarbinol, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylcarbinolum, phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Aromatic alcohol, Ulesfia, Α-hydroxytoluene, Α-toluenol, Alcohol, benzyl, Caswell no. 081F, Euxyl K 100, Itch-X, Sunmorl BK 20, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Alcoholum benzylicum, Alcool benzylique, alpha-Hydroxytoluene, alpha-Toluenol, Aromatic alcohol, Benzenecarbinol, Benzenemethanol, Benzylalkohol, Benzylic alcohol, Hydroxymethylbenzene, Phenylcarbinol, Phenylmethanol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Ulesfia, a-Hydroxytoluene, Α-hydroxytoluene, a-Toluenol, Α-toluenol, Alcohol, benzyl, .alpha.-hydroxytoluene, .alpha.-toluenol, Aromatic primary alcohol, Bentalol, Benzal alcohol, Benzenmethanol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzyl alkohol, Benzyl-alcohol, BenzylAlcohol, Benzylicum, Caswell no. 081F, Enzylalcohol, Euxyl K 100, Hydroxytoluene, Itch-X, MBN, Methanol benzene, Phenolcarbinol, Phenylcarbinolum, Sunmorl BK 20, TB 13g, Benzyl alcohol, Benzylalcohol, Phenylmethanol, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Benzyl alcohol, α-Cresol, α-Toluenol, α-Hydroxytoluene, alpha-Hydroxyphenylmethane, Phenylcarbinol, Benzenemethanol, Benzyl hydroxide, Benzylic acid, benzyl alcohol, phenylmethanol, benzenemethanol, 100-51-6, phenylcarbinol, benzylalcohol, Benzoyl alcohol, Benzenecarbinol, alpha-Toluenol, Phenylmethyl alcohol, Hydroxytoluene, (Hydroxymethyl)benzene, Phenolcarbinol, Benzal alcohol, benzylic alcohol, Alcool benzylique, Benzylicum, Methanol, phenyl-, Phenylcarbinolum, alpha-hydroxytoluene, Euxyl K 100, hydroxymethylbenzene, Bentalol, Ulesfia, Phenyl Methanol, Phenyl-Methanol, 66072-40-0, BENZYL-ALCOHOL, Caswell No. 081F, alcoholum benzylicum, Benzyl alcohol (natural), FEMA No. 2137, Benzylalkohol, Alcohol, benzyl, NCI-C06111, .alpha.-Hydroxytoluene, Alcool benzilico, Aromatic alcohol, Alcohol, Benzyl, Alcohol bencilico, .alpha.-Toluenol, Alcool benzilico [DCIT], Itch-X, NSC 8044, HSDB 46, benzenmethanol, Benzalalcohol, Benzalcohol, CCRIS 2081, Aromatic primary alcohol, Alcoolbenzylique, UNII-LKG8494WBH, Alcohol benzylicus, NSC-8044, EINECS 202-859-9, BnOH, LKG8494WBH, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009502, BRN 0878307, Sunmorl BK 20, DTXSID5020152, CHEBI:17987, INS NO.1519, AI3-01680, INS-1519, MFCD00004599, Hydroxymethyl resin (100-200 mesh), TOLUENE,ALPHA-HYDROXY, DTXCID70152, Benzyl alcohol (Benzenemethanol), benzyl alcohol (ring-13c6), E-1519, EC 202-859-9, 4-06-00-02222 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 185532-71-2, NCGC00091865-01, BENZYL-ALPHA,ALPHA-D2 ALCOHOL, BENZYL ALCOHOL (II), BENZYL ALCOHOL [II], BENZYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS), BENZYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS], BENZYL ALCOHOL (EP MONOGRAPH), BENZYL ALCOHOL [EP MONOGRAPH], phenylmethan-1-ol, CAS-100-51-6, Ulesfia (TN), 201740-95-6, Benzyl alcohol [USAN:INN:JAN], enzylalcohol, Protocoxil, phenyl carbinol, benzene-methanol, Benzyl Alcohole, a-Hydroxytoluene, a-Toluenol, Alcohol benzilico, Benzyl alcohol [INN:JAN:NF], Hydroxymethyl resin (200-400 mesh), PhCH2OH, Bn-OH, SCHEMBL147, Benzyl alcohol, ACS grade, bmse000407, C6H5CH2OH, CHEMBL720, WLN: Q1R, BENZYL ALCOHOL [MI], Benzyl alcohol (JP15/NF), BENZYL ALCOHOL [FCC], BENZYL ALCOHOL [INN], BENZYL ALCOHOL [JAN], BENZYL ALCOHOL [FHFI], BENZYL ALCOHOL [HSDB], BENZYL ALCOHOL [INCI], BIDD:ER0248, ALCOHOL,BENZYL [VANDF], BENZYL ALCOHOL [VANDF], ZilactinEarly Relief Cold Sore, TB 13G, Benzyl alcohol, LR, >=99%, BENZYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD], BENZYL ALCOHOL [WHO-IP], BDBM16418, NSC8044, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 009502, NCGC00091865-02, NCGC00091865-03, NCGC00091865-04, NCGC00254154-01, NCGC00259996-01, ALCOHOL BENZYLICUS [WHO-IP LATIN], Benzyl alcohol, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, Benzyl alcohol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, Benzyl alcohol, USP, 98.0-100.5%, B2378, Benzyl alcohol, tested according to Ph.Eur., Benzylalcohol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, E1519, NS00009775, Benzyl alcohol, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, Benzyl alcohol, SAJ first grade, >=98.5%, EN300-20016, Benzyl alcohol, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%, Benzyl alcohol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, C00556, C03485, D00077, D70182, Q52353, AB01563201_01, A800221, SR-01000872610, J-000153, SR-01000872610-3, BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], F0001-001



Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is slightly denser than water.
Flash point of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is 194 °F.


Boiling point of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is 401 °F.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is an antiparasitic agent used for the topical treatment of head lice infestation in patients 6 months of age and older.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a naturally ocurring and synthetic ingredient used as a solvent and preservative.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a clear alcohol with a mild sweet fragrance.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a synthetic chemical produced for industry, however it can be found naturally in some plants, fruits, tea, and wines.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol)'s a useful solvent due to its low toxicity, and can be found in many cosmetics and personal care products.


Though Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is among the least sensitising preservatives of its kind available, a small percentage of people can be sensitive to this ingredient on their skin.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is an aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) has a role as a solvent, a metabolite, an antioxidant and a fragrance.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a Pediculicide.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Nymphaea rudgeana, and other organisms with data available.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is also known as Aromatic Alcohol with the chemical formula C6H5CH2OH.
The IUPAC name of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is phenyl methanol.


At room temperature, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) exists as a colourless liquid that has a mildly aromatic smell.
When this aromatic alcohol, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), is deprotonated, the resulting anion is called a benzylate.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is not very soluble in water.


However, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) forms miscible mixtures with diethyl ether and other alcohols.
Many plants are known to naturally produce C6H5CH2OH.
The essential oils extracted from jasmine, ylang-ylang, and hyacinth contain some amount of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol).


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a polar solvent that is mildly soluble in water and is miscible in several organic compounds like Benzene, Methanol, Acetone, Alcohol, and Diethyl ether.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) smell is mild and pleasantly aromatic and exhibits low vapor pressure.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is an organic alcohol that is derived from fruits such as cranberries and apricots, according to board-certified dermatologist Geeta Yadav, MD.
It appears as a colorless liquid that has a slightly sweet scent.


Although it's most widely known as Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), the aromatic alcohol also goes by a few other names, such as benzene methanol or phenylcarbinol.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a colorless neutral aromatic liquid with a pH=7, which is used as a Solvent in many reactions due to its less toxic nature.


The solubility of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) depends on its polarizability.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is soluble in various organic compounds like Benzene, Methanol, Acetone, Alcohol, and Diethyl ether and is mildly soluble in the water.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is available in liquid form at room temperature.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is also known as Phenyl methanol as one of the hydrogens in the benzene or Phenyl group is replaced with the Methanol compound or Hydroxy toluene.


As one of the Hydrogen from the methyl group of Toluene is replaced with hydroxy −OH group.
"alpha-Toluenol or Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), belongs to the class of organic compounds.
These are organic compounds containing the phenylmethanol substructure.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor.
Additionally, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is considered safe up to 10% for use in hair dyes.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang, both free and as esters and is also present in cherry, orange juice, mandarin peel oil, guava fruit, feijoa fruit, pineapple, leek, cinnamon, cloves, mustard, fermented tea, basil and red sage.


Flavouring ingredient Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a useful solvent due to its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is found in many foods, some of which are towel gourd, cloud ear fungus, angelica, and safflower.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), also known as alpha-toluenol or aromatic alcohol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol)s.
These are organic compounds containing the phenylmethanol substructure.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans.
Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol).



USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a general solvent for inks, waxes, shellacs, paints, lacquers, and epoxy resin coatings.
Thus Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) can be used in paint strippers, especially when combined with compatible viscosity enhancers to encourage the mixture to cling to painted surfaces.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a precursor to a variety of esters and ethers, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries.
E.g. benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, benzyl cinnamate, dibenzyl ether, benzyl butyl phthalate.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) can be used as a local anesthetic, especially with epinephrine.


As a dye solvent, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) enhances the process of dying wool, nylon, and leather.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol).


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is an ingredient used in the manufacture of soaps, topical creams, skin lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers and is popular due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a common ingredient in a variety of household products.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with Lidocaine injection.
Also, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) as a solvent and preservative in many of our products, keeping them stable and working at their best.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is widely used as a solvent for epoxy resin coatings, inks, and paints.
C6H5CH2OH is a precursor to several esters.
A solution of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) with a concentration of 10% can be used as a local anaesthetic and also as an antimicrobial agent.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a component of the fluid mixtures used in electronic cigarettes (it enhances the flavour).
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) can serve as a dielectric solvent for the reconfiguration of some nanowires via dielectrophoresis.
5% solutions of this compound can be used to treat head lice.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used in the manufacture of soaps, shampoos, and skin lotions because of its antifungal and antibacterial properties.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used to make other chemicals.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection.


Also, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.
As a multifunctional ingredient, you can spot Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) on the ingredient label of many different skincare, cosmetic, and personal products, such as moisturizers, lip balms, face washes, and even makeup.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol)'s primarily used in product formulation as a preservative to stop microorganisms from overgrowing in products, which could later lead to an infection.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol)'s mostly used because of the scaremongering about parabens.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) may be used in the preparation of benzoic acid, via oxidation.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), an aromatic alcohol, is widely used in cosmetics and hair dyes.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) undergoes oxidation in the absence of solvent catalyzed by Pd catalysts supported on TiO2 functionalized with various amounts of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with lidocaine injections.
Also, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is metabolized to benzoic acid, which reacts with glycine and is excreted as hippuric acid from the human body.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a solvent for inks, waxes, paints, lacquers, epoxy resin coatings, etc.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used in the preparation of soaps, cosmetics, skin lotions, shampoos, topical creams, and perfumes as well.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) can also be used as a local anesthetic and in topical drugs.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used in skincare products, cosmetics, shampoos, etc.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as raw material and fixative for spices.


Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used reservatives, dyeing auxiliaries, solvents for paints and inks, and used to make ballpoint pen oils.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a chromatographic analysis reagent, also used in organic synthesis
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used food additives


-Use in health care:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics, and topical drugs.
Some caution is necessary if a high percent of Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is used as benzaldehyde arises from it when used as preservative in an injectable formulation solution.

Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), sold under the brand name Ulesfia, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2009, as a 5% solution for the treatment of head lice in people 6 months of age and older.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) affects the louse's spiracles, preventing them from closing.
These then become clogged with water or mineral oil or other matter and cause the insect to die from asphyxiation.



HOW TO USE BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
As long as you don't have an allergy to Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), it's totally fine to use in your regular skincare routine.
Because Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is included in such a wide range of cosmetics, the time of day you would apply it, and the step in your routine depends on each specific product.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
*Primary alcohols
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Aromatic alcohols



SUBSTITUENTS OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
*Benzyl alcohol
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Aromatic alcohol
*Primary alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Alcohol
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



BENEFITS OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL) FOR SKIN:
Besides possibly having antioxidant properties and wound healing effects by promotion of collagen, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) doesn't have any specific benefits for your skin itself but rather helps to optimize skincare formulas so that they can better perform for your skin.
Here's what Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) can do:


*Preserve the product:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) acts as a preservative in skincare and cosmetic products due to its antibacterial and anti-fungal properties.
Any cosmetic or personal care product that Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is made with no preservatives (for example, preservative-free eye drops) generally comes in individual single-use containers to prevent contamination by contact or air.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) allows products to be bottled in larger packages designed for more than one use.


*Stabilizes the formula:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) also acts as a stabilizing agent against the oxidative breakdown of the product, which means it allows your products to work more effectively for a longer period.


*Provides Antioxidant activity:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) also has antioxidant properties, and antioxidants protect against free-radical damage.


*Dissolves ingredients:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) acts as a solvent and helps to dissolve other ingredients in a product's formula.


*Decreases viscosity:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) also decreases viscosity, which allows products to flow more easily.1


*Imparts a nice scent:
As an aromatic alcohol, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is naturally fragrant and slightly sweet.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol)'s also naturally found in some essential oils, including ylang-ylang and jasmine, and has a delicate floral scent.



STRUCTURE OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) consists of a hydroxyl group attached to a methyl group, which is in turn attached to an aromatic ring.
The pi electrons in the benzene ring are delocalized due to resonance.
Essentially, the structure of a Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) molecule is that of a toluene molecule in which one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a hydroxyl group.



NATURAL OCCURRENCES OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is also found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is also found in castoreum from the castor sacs of beavers.
Benzyl esters also occur naturally.



PREPARATION OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed:
C6H5CH2Cl + H2O → C6H5CH2OH + HCl
Another route entails hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, a by-product of the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid.[5]

For laboratory use, Grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide (C6H5MgBr) with formaldehyde and the Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde also give Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol).
The latter also gives benzoic acid, an example of an organic disproportionation reaction.



REACTIONS OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Like most alcohols, it reacts with carboxylic acids to form esters.
In organic synthesis, benzyl esters are popular protecting groups because they can be removed by mild hydrogenolysis.

Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) reacts with acrylonitrile to give N-benzylacrylamide.
This is an example of a Ritter reaction:
C6H5CH2OH + NCCHCH2 → C6H5CH2N(H)C(O)CHCH2



TYPE OF INGREDIENT:
Preservative, antioxidant, and solvent


MAIN BENEFITS OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Preserves, stabilizes, and dissolves ingredients


WHO SHOULD USE BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
In general, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is safe to use by anyone who does not have a true contact allergy to it.


HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is safe to use daily if you're not sensitive to it and if it's used at a low concentration.


BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL) WORKS WELL WITH:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) works well with most, if not all, other ingredients.


DON'T USE WITH:
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) works well with most, if not all, other ingredients.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Under standard conditions, Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is a colourless, slightly aromatic liquid.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol)'s solubility in water corresponds to 3.5g/100mL at 20oC and 4.29g/100mL at 25o
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is soluble in several organic solvents such as benzene, methanol, acetone, and ether.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
The reaction between carboxylic acids and Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) leads to the formation of esters.
Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) undergoes a Ritter reaction with acrylonitrile to yield N-benzyl acrylamide.
When deprotonated, C6H5CH2OH yields a benzylate anion.



PREPARATION OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
The use of sodium hydroxide in the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride yields Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) and sodium chloride as the products.
The chemical equation for this reaction is given by:
NaOH + C6H5CH2Cl → NaCl + C6H5CH2OH
An alternate method of preparing Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) involves the Grignard reaction between formaldehyde (H-CHO) and phenylmagnesium bromide (Ph-Mg-Br).



SIDE EFFECTS OF BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
"Benzylic alcohol (benzyl alcohol) is considered to be a safe ingredient in skincare and cosmetics when used on intact skin.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
Chemical formula: C7H8O
Molar mass: 108.140 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Slightly aromatic
Density: 1.044 g/cm3
Melting point: -15.2 °C (4.6 °F; 257.9 K)
Boiling point: 205.3 °C (401.5 °F; 478.4 K)
Solubility in water:
3.50 g/100 mL (20 °C)
4.29 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Solubility in other solvents: Soluble in benzene, methanol,
chloroform, ethanol, ether, acetone
log P: 1.10
Vapor pressure: 0.18 kPa (60 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 15.40

Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -71.83·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.5396
Viscosity: 5.474 cP
Dipole moment: 1.67 D
Thermochemistry:
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 217.8 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -352 kJ/mol
Molecular Weight: 108.14 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 108.057514874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 108.057514874 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 55.4
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical State: Liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting Point/Freezing Point: No data available
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: 205 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (Solid, Gas): No data available

Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits:
Upper explosion limit: 13% (V),
Lower explosion limit: 1.3% (V)
Flash Point: 101 °C - DIN 51758
Autoignition Temperature: No data available
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Kinematic viscosity: No data available,
Dynamic viscosity: No data available
Water Solubility: No data available
Partition Coefficient (n-Octanol/Water): Log Pow: 1.05 at 20 °C
Vapor Pressure: No data available
Density: 1.05 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative Density: No data available
Relative Vapor Density: No data available
Particle Characteristics: No data available
Explosive Properties: No data available

Oxidizing Properties: None
Other Safety Information: Dissociation constant: 15.4 at 25 °C
CAS Number: 100-51-6
EC Index Number: 603-057-00-5
EC Number: 202-859-9
Hill Formula: C₇H₈O
Chemical Formula: C₆H₅CH₂OH
Molar Mass: 108.14 g/mol
HS Code: 2906 21 00
Boiling Point: 205 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.05 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Explosion Limit: 1.3 - 13% (V)
Flash Point: 101 °C DIN 51758

Ignition Temperature: 435 °C DIN 51794
Melting Point: -15.3 °C
Vapor Pressure: 0.07 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 40 g/L
Chemical Formula: C7H8O
Average Molecular Weight: 108.1378 g/mol
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 108.057514878 g/mol
IUPAC Name: Phenylmethanol
Traditional Name: Benzyl alcohol
CAS Registry Number: 100-51-6
SMILES: OCC1=CC=CC=C1
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H2
InChI Key: WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
C.A.S. Number: 100-51-6
MDL Number: MFCD00004599

EINECS Number: 202-859-9
ID PubChem Substance: 329749166
Linear Formula: C6H5CH2OH
Formula Weight: 108.14
Melting Point: -15 °C to -13 °C
Boiling Point: 203 °C to 205 °C
Density: 1.045 g/mL at 25 °C
Flash Point: 101 °C
Explosion Limit: 0.34% to 6.3%
Autoignition Temperature: 817 °F
Sensitivity & Storage: The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
It is hygroscopic and stable under recommended storage conditions.
Vapor Density: 3.7 (vs air)
Incompatible Materials: Various plastics

Reactivity: Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approximately 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.
Partition Coefficient: 1.05 at 20 °C (log Pow)
Dissociation Constant: 15.4 at 25 °C
Assay: >99.99%
Appearance (Color): Colorless
Form: Liquid
Water Solubility: 26.8 g/L
logP: 1.07
logS: -0.61
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 15.02
pKa (Strongest Basic): -2.8
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1

Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 20.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Refractivity: 32.87 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 11.89 ų
Number of Rings: 1
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
Chemical Formula: C7H8O
IUPAC Name: phenylmethanol
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C7H8O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8H,6H2
InChI Key: WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: OCC1=CC=CC=C1
Average Molecular Weight: 108.1378
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 108.057514878



FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water
system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 120 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZYLIC ALCOHOL (BENZYL ALCOHOL):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

sodium c14-16 olefin sulfonate C14-C16-Alkanehydroxysulfonic acids sodium salts Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts alpha-OlefinC14-C16,sulfonated,sodiumsalt SODIUMC14-16OLEFINSULPHONATE SODIUMC14-16ALPHAOLEFINSULFONATE C14-16-ALKANEHYDROXYANDC14-16-ALKENESULPHONICACIDS,SODIUMSALTS Sodium olefin-(C14-C16)-sulfonate CAS NO:68439-57-6

BEROL 175 Cloud point 58-64 (1% in water) °C BEROL 175 Color ≤ 100 Hazen BEROL 175 pH 5-7 (1% in water) BEROL 175 Water content 9-11 % BEROL 175 Active content 90 % BEROL 175 Appearance Clear to turbid liquid at 20°C BEROL 175 Clear point 10 °C BEROL 175 Density 1000 kg/m³ at 20°C BEROL 175 Flash point ≥100°C BEROL 175 Foam Height according to Ross-Miles, 50°C, 0.05% immediately: 100mm; after 5 min: 65mm BEROL 175 HLB 12.5 BEROL 175 Pour point 6 °C BEROL 175 Surface Tension according to Du Noüy, 25°C, 0.1% DIN 53914 29 mN/m BEROL 175 Viscosity 130 mPa s at 20°C BEROL 175 Wetting power according to Draves, 25°C, 0.1% 15 sec BEROL 175 Solubility: 2-propanol Soluble BEROL 175 Solubility: Ethanol Soluble BEROL 175 Solubility: Low aromatic solvent Dispersible BEROL 175 Solubility: Propylene glycol Soluble BEROL 175 Solubility: Water Soluble BEROL 175 Solubility: White spirit Soluble BEROL 175 Solubility: Xylene Dispersible / insoluble BEROL 175 Water soluble BEROL 175 White spirit soluble BEROL 175 Xylene dispersible/insoluble BEROL 175 Ethanol soluble BEROL 175 Low aromatic solvent dispersible BEROL 175 Propylene glycol soluble BEROL 175 2-propanol soluble Berol 175-> C12-C16 alcohol ethoxylate.Berol 175 is a non-ionic surfactant based on a natural based primary alcohol. It has a hydrophilic (water soluble) character.Berol 175 by Nouryon is a non-ionic surfactant based on a primary alcohol (derived from natural sources). It acts as a dispersing agent, emulsifier and wetting agent. Exhibits hydrophilic (water soluble) character. Berol 175 is suitable for paints and coatings.Berol 175 should always be homogenised before use unless the entire quantity is used. Berol 175 can be used as wetting agent and emulsifier in cleaning products.Berol 175 is suitable in cleaning products such as liquid detergents and all purpose cleaners. Berol 175 should always be homogenised before use unless the entire quantity is used.A colorless liquid with a mild odor. Mp: 5°C; bp < 150°C; density: 0.9 g cm-3. Completely miscible with water. A major threat to the environment in case of a spill. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread. Can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate ground water and nearby streams. Very toxic to aquatic organisms. Irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure to the skin can cause reddening and scaling. Used in the making of surfactants.Alcohols, C12-16, ethoxylated is stable up to 50° C. Oxidizes on exposure to the air to form peroxides and peracids. Combustible but not flammable (flash point > 179°C). Auto-ignition temperature: 230°C. May react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases. Incompatible with copper and copper alloys and aluminum. A mixture of polyether alcohols of formula R-O-(CH2CH2-O-)n-H where R is a C-12 through C-16 alkyl group and n equals 1 through 6. Synthesized by treating a mixture of C-12 to C-16 alcohols with ethylene oxide.Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot.Ethoxylated alcohols, e.g. Berol 175, have a solubilization effect which helps to avoid the viscoelastic region where the formulation does not flow and has no practical use.Environmental monitoring indicates that the distribution of BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (AE) homologues in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents differs from the distribution in commercial AE products, with a relative higher proportion of fatty alcohol (AOH, which is AE with zero ethoxylation). To determine the contribution of AE-derived AOH to the total concentration of AE and AOH in WWTP effluents, we conducted a laboratory continuous activated-sludge study (CAS). This consisted of a test unit fed with AE-amended synthetic sewage and a control unit fed with only synthetic sewage to avoid AE contamination from the feed. The removal efficiencies of some 114 AE homologues were determined by the application of a specific and sensitive analytical method. The extent of the removal of AE ranged from 99.70% for C18 compounds to > 99.98% for C12-16. Relatively high-AOH concentrations were observed in the effluents from blank and test units. By building the concentration difference from the test minus the control unit, the AE in the CAS effluent originating from AE in the influent was determined. Thus, it could be shown that AOH represented only 19% of the total AE (EO0-18) in the CAS, while monitoring in 29 WWTP effluents (European, Canadian, and US) revealed in total a mean AOH fraction of 55% (5-82%) of the total AE (EO0-18). This shows that only a small fraction of AOH in WWTP effluents originates from AE entering the WWTP.Wilfaret BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are non-ionic surfactants. They generally take the form of a thick liquid. They are mainly used in cleaning agents, detergents, home care and emulsifier production. Chemicals such as BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates), SLES and SLS can also be manufactured from methyl esters. Depending on the grade / type of fatty alcohols.BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, (1) the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and (2) the hydrophilic, polyoxyethylene chain.Due the basic structure of these compounds that pair a hydrophobic portion (water-hating) with a hydrophilic component (water-loving), ethoxylated alcohols are a versatile class of compounds, commonly referred to as surfactants. BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (i.e. oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. By lowering this energy, many novel solution applications can be accessed by increasing the homogeneity of these two previously immiscible phases.Ethoxylated alcohols can vary widely in their properties and applications because the materials used to make these products can vary in their structures and amounts. For instance, fatty alcohols, which are commonly sourced from natural materials, can provide different structures depending on the plant from which they were extracted. Common natural sources of fatty alcohols include the palm oil tree (including both palm oil and palm kernel oil), oils from the coconut tree, and the oil from rapeseed. Each of these natural sources differs in its distribution of carbon chains, making an BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) from coconut oil alcohol different from an ethoxylated alcohol made from the alcohol of a palm kernel oil.Oxiteno offers a wide array of ethoxylated alcohols that have been sourced from natural materials (BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates)), each of which provide a unique set of application properties. Additionally, fatty alcohols can also be synthesized from petroleum products, providing unique structures in the hydrophobic moiety that are not commonly observed in nature. Branched alcohols and alcohols of specific carbon distributions can be attained using synthetic starting materials, all of which strongly affect the BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates)’s final properties. If you’re seeking surfactant companies, please visit the Oxiteno website to see our large portfolio of ethoxylated alcohols from synthetic sources.Alternatively, the length of the polyoxyethylene component (i.e. the hydrophilic portion) of the BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) provides this class of compounds with a wide assortment of water solubilities and detergency properties. Increasing the amount of ethylene oxide on the ethoxylated alcohol typically increases its water solubility, as well as increases the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) of the compound. Ranging in arbitrary units of 1-20, the HLB of a nonionic surfactant can be calculated and used to determine the propensity of a compound to work effectively in a given solution of oil and water. Lower HLB values (< 10) are commonly used for oil-rich solutions while surfactants with higher HLB values (> 10) are typically most efficient in oil-in-water emulsions. Each of Oxiteno’s line of ethoxylated alcohol products can vary widely in their HLB values, offering numerous options for the formulation chemist and scientist.BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are used in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Because these compounds are surfactants, they can be used whenever oily substances come into contact with water or a surface. Ethoxylated alcohols can be used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, degreasers and emollients in many lines of commercially available products and industrial practices.Oxiteno’s line of BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) serve many markets, including, Paints & Coatings, Agrochemical, Home & Personal Care, Oil & Gas and Industrial & Institutional Cleaning. Due to the aforementioned variety in properties that are governed by a compound’s structure, Oxiteno’s line of BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) can provide the formulator with many different properties, including excellent detergent properties, high and low-foaming products, as well as, ethoxylates that are rapid surface-wetting agents.BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (AE) are a major class of non-ionic surfactants which are widely used in laundry detergents and to a lesser extent in household cleaners, institutional and industrial cleaners, cosmetics, agriculture, and in textile, paper, oil and other process industries. BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are not expected to undergo hydrolysis under normal environmental conditions (pH range 4 to 9). Photolysis in the atmosphere, in water, or when adsorbed to solid surfaces such as soil and sediment surfaces is also not expected to occur, due to the chemical structure of the AE homologues. Hydrolysis has also been discounted for the alcohols (EO=0 homologues) in the SIAR for long chain alcohols.In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R(OC2H4)nOH where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds are called BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates). BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are often converted to related species called ethoxysulfates. BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products. The process is of great industrial significance with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994.Industrial ethoxylation is primarily performed upon fatty alcohols in order to generate fatty BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (FAE's), which are a common form of nonionic surfactant (e.g. octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether). Such alcohols may be obtained by the hydrogenation of fatty acids from seed oils, or by hydroformylation in the Shell higher olefin process. The reaction proceeds by blowing ethylene oxide through the alcohol at 180 °C and under 1-2 bar of pressure, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) serving as a catalyst. The process is highly exothermic (ΔH -92 kJ/mol of ethylene oxide reacted) and requires careful control to avoid a potentially disastrous thermal runaway.BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are not observed to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or skin sensitizers, nor cause reproductive or developmental effects. One byproduct of ethoxylation is 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen. Undiluted AEs can cause dermal or eye irritation. In aqueous solution, the level of irritation is dependent on the concentration. AEs are considered to have low to moderate toxicity for acute oral exposure, low acute dermal toxicity, and have mild irritation potential for skin and eyes at concentrations found in consumer products.BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, (1) the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and (2) the hydrophilic, polyoxyethylene chain.Due the basic structure of these compounds that pair a hydrophobic portion (water-hating) with a hydrophilic component (water-loving), ethoxylated alcohols are a versatile class of compounds, commonly referred to as surfactants. Alcohol ethoxylate surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (i.e. oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. By lowering this energy, many novel solution applications can be accessed by increasing the homogeneity of these two previously immiscible phases.BEROL 175 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are used in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Because these compounds are surfactants, they can be used whenever oily substances come into contact with water or a surface. Ethoxylated alcohols can be used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, degreasers and emollients in many lines of commercially available products and industrial practices.

BEROL 199 Berol 199 Castor Oil 32 EO 61791-12-6 Berol 199 is a non-ionic surfactant of the castor oil ethylene oxide adduct type. Ethoxylated castor oils are excellent emulsifiers for a wide variety of materials including oils, fats, waxes, polyesters and acrylics. They are used as softeners, rewetting agents, pigment dispsersants and dye assistants (e.g. levelling agents) in the paint, textile and leather industry. Ethoxylated castor oils can also be used as lubricant additives and emulsifiers in lubricants for plastics, metals and textiles. Appearance, 20'C: clear to opaque liquid Clear point: 20'C Density, 20'C: 1050 kg/m³ Flash point: >100'C Pour point: 17'C Viscosity, 20'C: 700 mPa.s BEROL 199 Cloud point 58-64 (1% in water) °C BEROL 199 Color ≤ 100 Hazen BEROL 199 pH 5-7 (1% in water) BEROL 199 Water content 9-11 % BEROL 199 Active content 90 % BEROL 199 Appearance Clear to turbid liquid at 20°C BEROL 199 Clear point 10 °C BEROL 199 Density 1000 kg/m³ at 20°C BEROL 199 Flash point ≥100°C BEROL 199 Foam Height according to Ross-Miles, 50°C, 0.05% immediately: 100mm; after 5 min: 65mm BEROL 199 HLB 12.5 BEROL 199 Pour point 6 °C BEROL 199 Surface Tension according to Du Noüy, 25°C, 0.1% DIN 53914 29 mN/m BEROL 199 Viscosity 130 mPa s at 20°C BEROL 199 Wetting power according to Draves, 25°C, 0.1% 15 sec BEROL 199 Solubility: 2-propanol Soluble BEROL 199 Solubility: Ethanol Soluble BEROL 199 Solubility: Low aromatic solvent Dispersible BEROL 199 Solubility: Propylene glycol Soluble BEROL 199 Solubility: Water Soluble BEROL 199 Solubility: White spirit Soluble BEROL 199 Solubility: Xylene Dispersible / insoluble BEROL 199 Water soluble BEROL 199 White spirit soluble BEROL 199 Xylene dispersible/insoluble BEROL 199 Ethanol soluble BEROL 199 Low aromatic solvent dispersible BEROL 199 Propylene glycol soluble BEROL 199 2-propanol soluble BEROL 199-> C12-C16 alcohol ethoxylate.BEROL 199 is a non-ionic surfactant based on a natural based primary alcohol. It has a hydrophilic (water soluble) character.BEROL 199 by Nouryon is a non-ionic surfactant based on a primary alcohol (derived from natural sources). It acts as a dispersing agent, emulsifier and wetting agent. Exhibits hydrophilic (water soluble) character. BEROL 199 is suitable for paints and coatings.BEROL 199 should always be homogenised before use unless the entire quantity is used. BEROL 199 can be used as wetting agent and emulsifier in cleaning products.BEROL 199 is suitable in cleaning products such as liquid detergents and all purpose cleaners. BEROL 199 should always be homogenised before use unless the entire quantity is used.A colorless liquid with a mild odor. Mp: 5°C; bp < 150°C; density: 0.9 g cm-3. Completely miscible with water. A major threat to the environment in case of a spill. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread. Can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate ground water and nearby streams. Very toxic to aquatic organisms. Irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure to the skin can cause reddening and scaling. Used in the making of surfactants.Alcohols, C12-16, ethoxylated is stable up to 50° C. Oxidizes on exposure to the air to form peroxides and peracids. Combustible but not flammable (flash point > 179°C). Auto-ignition temperature: 230°C. May react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases. Incompatible with copper and copper alloys and aluminum. A mixture of polyether alcohols of formula R-O-(CH2CH2-O-)n-H where R is a C-12 through C-16 alkyl group and n equals 1 through 6. Synthesized by treating a mixture of C-12 to C-16 alcohols with ethylene oxide.Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot.Ethoxylated alcohols, e.g. BEROL 199, have a solubilization effect which helps to avoid the viscoelastic region where the formulation does not flow and has no practical use.Environmental monitoring indicates that the distribution of BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (AE) homologues in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents differs from the distribution in commercial AE products, with a relative higher proportion of fatty alcohol (AOH, which is AE with zero ethoxylation). To determine the contribution of AE-derived AOH to the total concentration of AE and AOH in WWTP effluents, we conducted a laboratory continuous activated-sludge study (CAS). This consisted of a test unit fed with AE-amended synthetic sewage and a control unit fed with only synthetic sewage to avoid AE contamination from the feed. The removal efficiencies of some 114 AE homologues were determined by the application of a specific and sensitive analytical method. The extent of the removal of AE ranged from 99.70% for C18 compounds to > 99.98% for C12-16. Relatively high-AOH concentrations were observed in the effluents from blank and test units. By building the concentration difference from the test minus the control unit, the AE in the CAS effluent originating from AE in the influent was determined. Thus, it could be shown that AOH represented only 19% of the total AE (EO0-18) in the CAS, while monitoring in 29 WWTP effluents (European, Canadian, and US) revealed in total a mean AOH fraction of 55% (5-82%) of the total AE (EO0-18). This shows that only a small fraction of AOH in WWTP effluents originates from AE entering the WWTP.Wilfaret BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are non-ionic surfactants. They generally take the form of a thick liquid. They are mainly used in cleaning agents, detergents, home care and emulsifier production. Chemicals such as BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates), SLES and SLS can also be manufactured from methyl esters. Depending on the grade / type of fatty alcohols.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, (1) the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and (2) the hydrophilic, polyoxyethylene chain.Due the basic structure of these compounds that pair a hydrophobic portion (water-hating) with a hydrophilic component (water-loving), ethoxylated alcohols are a versatile class of compounds, commonly referred to as surfactants. BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (i.e. oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. By lowering this energy, many novel solution applications can be accessed by increasing the homogeneity of these two previously immiscible phases.Ethoxylated alcohols can vary widely in their properties and applications because the materials used to make these products can vary in their structures and amounts. For instance, fatty alcohols, which are commonly sourced from natural materials, can provide different structures depending on the plant from which they were extracted. Common natural sources of fatty alcohols include the palm oil tree (including both palm oil and palm kernel oil), oils from the coconut tree, and the oil from rapeseed. Each of these natural sources differs in its distribution of carbon chains, making an BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) from coconut oil alcohol different from an ethoxylated alcohol made from the alcohol of a palm kernel oil.Oxiteno offers a wide array of ethoxylated alcohols that have been sourced from natural materials (BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates)), each of which provide a unique set of application properties. Additionally, fatty alcohols can also be synthesized from petroleum products, providing unique structures in the hydrophobic moiety that are not commonly observed in nature. Branched alcohols and alcohols of specific carbon distributions can be attained using synthetic starting materials, all of which strongly affect the BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates)’s final properties. If you’re seeking surfactant companies, please visit the Oxiteno website to see our large portfolio of ethoxylated alcohols from synthetic sources.Alternatively, the length of the polyoxyethylene component (i.e. the hydrophilic portion) of the BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) provides this class of compounds with a wide assortment of water solubilities and detergency properties. Increasing the amount of ethylene oxide on the ethoxylated alcohol typically increases its water solubility, as well as increases the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) of the compound. Ranging in arbitrary units of 1-20, the HLB of a nonionic surfactant can be calculated and used to determine the propensity of a compound to work effectively in a given solution of oil and water. Lower HLB values (< 10) are commonly used for oil-rich solutions while surfactants with higher HLB values (> 10) are typically most efficient in oil-in-water emulsions. Each of Oxiteno’s line of ethoxylated alcohol products can vary widely in their HLB values, offering numerous options for the formulation chemist and scientist.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are used in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Because these compounds are surfactants, they can be used whenever oily substances come into contact with water or a surface. Ethoxylated alcohols can be used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, degreasers and emollients in many lines of commercially available products and industrial practices.Oxiteno’s line of BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) serve many markets, including, Paints & Coatings, Agrochemical, Home & Personal Care, Oil & Gas and Industrial & Institutional Cleaning. Due to the aforementioned variety in properties that are governed by a compound’s structure, Oxiteno’s line of BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) can provide the formulator with many different properties, including excellent detergent properties, high and low-foaming products, as well as, ethoxylates that are rapid surface-wetting agents.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (AE) are a major class of non-ionic surfactants which are widely used in laundry detergents and to a lesser extent in household cleaners, institutional and industrial cleaners, cosmetics, agriculture, and in textile, paper, oil and other process industries. BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are not expected to undergo hydrolysis under normal environmental conditions (pH range 4 to 9). Photolysis in the atmosphere, in water, or when adsorbed to solid surfaces such as soil and sediment surfaces is also not expected to occur, due to the chemical structure of the AE homologues. Hydrolysis has also been discounted for the alcohols (EO=0 homologues) in the SIAR for long chain alcohols.In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R(OC2H4)nOH where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds are called BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates). BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are often converted to related species called ethoxysulfates. BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products.[1] The process is of great industrial significance with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994.Industrial ethoxylation is primarily performed upon fatty alcohols in order to generate fatty BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (FAE's), which are a common form of nonionic surfactant (e.g. octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether). Such alcohols may be obtained by the hydrogenation of fatty acids from seed oils,[5] or by hydroformylation in the Shell higher olefin process.[6] The reaction proceeds by blowing ethylene oxide through the alcohol at 180 °C and under 1-2 bar of pressure, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) serving as a catalyst.[7] The process is highly exothermic (ΔH -92 kJ/mol of ethylene oxide reacted) and requires careful control to avoid a potentially disastrous thermal runaway.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are not observed to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or skin sensitizers, nor cause reproductive or developmental effects.[18] One byproduct of ethoxylation is 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen.[19] Undiluted AEs can cause dermal or eye irritation. In aqueous solution, the level of irritation is dependent on the concentration. AEs are considered to have low to moderate toxicity for acute oral exposure, low acute dermal toxicity, and have mild irritation potential for skin and eyes at concentrations found in consumer products.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, (1) the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and (2) the hydrophilic, polyoxyethylene chain.Due the basic structure of these compounds that pair a hydrophobic portion (water-hating) with a hydrophilic component (water-loving), ethoxylated alcohols are a versatile class of compounds, commonly referred to as surfactants. Alcohol ethoxylate surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (i.e. oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. By lowering this energy, many novel solution applications can be accessed by increasing the homogeneity of these two previously immiscible phases.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are used in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Because these compounds are surfactants, they can be used whenever oily substances come into contact with water or a surface. Ethoxylated alcohols can be used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, degreasers and emollients in many lines of commercially available products and industrial practices. BEROL 199-> C12-C16 alcohol ethoxylate.BEROL 199 is a non-ionic surfactant based on a natural based primary alcohol. It has a hydrophilic (water soluble) character.BEROL 199 by Nouryon is a non-ionic surfactant based on a primary alcohol (derived from natural sources). It acts as a dispersing agent, emulsifier and wetting agent. Exhibits hydrophilic (water soluble) character. BEROL 199 is suitable for paints and coatings.BEROL 199 should always be homogenised before use unless the entire quantity is used. BEROL 199 can be used as wetting agent and emulsifier in cleaning products.BEROL 199 is suitable in cleaning products such as liquid detergents and all purpose cleaners. BEROL 199 should always be homogenised before use unless the entire quantity is used.A colorless liquid with a mild odor. Mp: 5°C; bp < 150°C; density: 0.9 g cm-3. Completely miscible with water. A major threat to the environment in case of a spill. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread. Can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate ground water and nearby streams. Very toxic to aquatic organisms. Irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure to the skin can cause reddening and scaling. Used in the making of surfactants.Alcohols, C12-16, ethoxylated is stable up to 50° C. Oxidizes on exposure to the air to form peroxides and peracids. Combustible but not flammable (flash point > 179°C). Auto-ignition temperature: 230°C. May react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases. Incompatible with copper and copper alloys and aluminum. A mixture of polyether alcohols of formula R-O-(CH2CH2-O-)n-H where R is a C-12 through C-16 alkyl group and n equals 1 through 6. Synthesized by treating a mixture of C-12 to C-16 alcohols with ethylene oxide.Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot.Ethoxylated alcohols, e.g. BEROL 199, have a solubilization effect which helps to avoid the viscoelastic region where the formulation does not flow and has no practical use.Environmental monitoring indicates that the distribution of BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (AE) homologues in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents differs from the distribution in commercial AE products, with a relative higher proportion of fatty alcohol (AOH, which is AE with zero ethoxylation). To determine the contribution of AE-derived AOH to the total concentration of AE and AOH in WWTP effluents, we conducted a laboratory continuous activated-sludge study (CAS). This consisted of a test unit fed with AE-amended synthetic sewage and a control unit fed with only synthetic sewage to avoid AE contamination from the feed. The removal efficiencies of some 114 AE homologues were determined by the application of a specific and sensitive analytical method. The extent of the removal of AE ranged from 99.70% for C18 compounds to > 99.98% for C12-16. Relatively high-AOH concentrations were observed in the effluents from blank and test units. By building the concentration difference from the test minus the control unit, the AE in the CAS effluent originating from AE in the influent was determined. Thus, it could be shown that AOH represented only 19% of the total AE (EO0-18) in the CAS, while monitoring in 29 WWTP effluents (European, Canadian, and US) revealed in total a mean AOH fraction of 55% (5-82%) of the total AE (EO0-18). This shows that only a small fraction of AOH in WWTP effluents originates from AE entering the WWTP.Wilfaret BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are non-ionic surfactants. They generally take the form of a thick liquid. They are mainly used in cleaning agents, detergents, home care and emulsifier production. Chemicals such as BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates), SLES and SLS can also be manufactured from methyl esters. Depending on the grade / type of fatty alcohols.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, (1) the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and (2) the hydrophilic, polyoxyethylene chain.Due the basic structure of these compounds that pair a hydrophobic portion (water-hating) with a hydrophilic component (water-loving), ethoxylated alcohols are a versatile class of compounds, commonly referred to as surfactants. BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (i.e. oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. By lowering this energy, many novel solution applications can be accessed by increasing the homogeneity of these two previously immiscible phases.Ethoxylated alcohols can vary widely in their properties and applications because the materials used to make these products can vary in their structures and amounts. For instance, fatty alcohols, which are commonly sourced from natural materials, can provide different structures depending on the plant from which they were extracted. Common natural sources of fatty alcohols include the palm oil tree (including both palm oil and palm kernel oil), oils from the coconut tree, and the oil from rapeseed. Each of these natural sources differs in its distribution of carbon chains, making an BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) from coconut oil alcohol different from an ethoxylated alcohol made from the alcohol of a palm kernel oil.Oxiteno offers a wide array of ethoxylated alcohols that have been sourced from natural materials (BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates)), each of which provide a unique set of application properties. Additionally, fatty alcohols can also be synthesized from petroleum products, providing unique structures in the hydrophobic moiety that are not commonly observed in nature. Branched alcohols and alcohols of specific carbon distributions can be attained using synthetic starting materials, all of which strongly affect the BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates)’s final properties. If you’re seeking surfactant companies, please visit the Oxiteno website to see our large portfolio of ethoxylated alcohols from synthetic sources.Alternatively, the length of the polyoxyethylene component (i.e. the hydrophilic portion) of the BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) provides this class of compounds with a wide assortment of water solubilities and detergency properties. Increasing the amount of ethylene oxide on the ethoxylated alcohol typically increases its water solubility, as well as increases the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) of the compound. Ranging in arbitrary units of 1-20, the HLB of a nonionic surfactant can be calculated and used to determine the propensity of a compound to work effectively in a given solution of oil and water. Lower HLB values (< 10) are commonly used for oil-rich solutions while surfactants with higher HLB values (> 10) are typically most efficient in oil-in-water emulsions. Each of Oxiteno’s line of ethoxylated alcohol products can vary widely in their HLB values, offering numerous options for the formulation chemist and scientist.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are used in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Because these compounds are surfactants, they can be used whenever oily substances come into contact with water or a surface. Ethoxylated alcohols can be used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, degreasers and emollients in many lines of commercially available products and industrial practices.Oxiteno’s line of BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) serve many markets, including, Paints & Coatings, Agrochemical, Home & Personal Care, Oil & Gas and Industrial & Institutional Cleaning. Due to the aforementioned variety in properties that are governed by a compound’s structure, Oxiteno’s line of BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) can provide the formulator with many different properties, including excellent detergent properties, high and low-foaming products, as well as, ethoxylates that are rapid surface-wetting agents.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (AE) are a major class of non-ionic surfactants which are widely used in laundry detergents and to a lesser extent in household cleaners, institutional and industrial cleaners, cosmetics, agriculture, and in textile, paper, oil and other process industries. BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are not expected to undergo hydrolysis under normal environmental conditions (pH range 4 to 9). Photolysis in the atmosphere, in water, or when adsorbed to solid surfaces such as soil and sediment surfaces is also not expected to occur, due to the chemical structure of the AE homologues. Hydrolysis has also been discounted for the alcohols (EO=0 homologues) in the SIAR for long chain alcohols.In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R(OC2H4)nOH where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds are called BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates). BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are often converted to related species called ethoxysulfates. BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products.[1] The process is of great industrial significance with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994.Industrial ethoxylation is primarily performed upon fatty alcohols in order to generate fatty BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) (FAE's), which are a common form of nonionic surfactant (e.g. octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether). Such alcohols may be obtained by the hydrogenation of fatty acids from seed oils,[5] or by hydroformylation in the Shell higher olefin process.[6] The reaction proceeds by blowing ethylene oxide through the alcohol at 180 °C and under 1-2 bar of pressure, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) serving as a catalyst.[7] The process is highly exothermic (ΔH -92 kJ/mol of ethylene oxide reacted) and requires careful control to avoid a potentially disastrous thermal runaway.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are not observed to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or skin sensitizers, nor cause reproductive or developmental effects.[18] One byproduct of ethoxylation is 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen.[19] Undiluted AEs can cause dermal or eye irritation. In aqueous solution, the level of irritation is dependent on the concentration. AEs are considered to have low to moderate toxicity for acute oral exposure, low acute dermal toxicity, and have mild irritation potential for skin and eyes at concentrations found in consumer products.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are a class of compounds that are commonly used throughout many industrial practices and commercial markets. These compounds are synthesized via the reaction of a fatty alcohol and ethylene oxide, resulting in a molecule that consists of two main components, (1) the oleophilic, carbon-rich, fatty alcohol and (2) the hydrophilic, polyoxyethylene chain.Due the basic structure of these compounds that pair a hydrophobic portion (water-hating) with a hydrophilic component (water-loving), ethoxylated alcohols are a versatile class of compounds, commonly referred to as surfactants. Alcohol ethoxylate surfactants enhance the mixing and solubilization of oil and water by having these contrasting sections within the same compound. With this unique structure, a single molecule can inhabit the interface of two immiscible phases (i.e. oil and water), effectively bringing them closer together and lowering the interfacial energy associated between them. By lowering this energy, many novel solution applications can be accessed by increasing the homogeneity of these two previously immiscible phases.BEROL 199 (Alcohol ethoxylates) are used in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Because these compounds are surfactants, they can be used whenever oily substances come into contact with water or a surface. Ethoxylated alcohols can be used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, degreasers and emollients in many lines of commercially available products and industrial practices.

DESCRIPTION:
Berol 226 is all purpose cleaner and degreaser.
Berol 226 is ready to formulate with builders and water.
Berol 226 has High efficiency.

CAS No: 68439-46-3

Berol 226 is an optimized surfactant blend intended for use in water based alkaline and acid cleaners.
Berol 226 functions as a degreaser and dispersing agent in household hard surface cleaners.
Berol 226 is an optimized blend of alcohol ethoxylate and cationic surfactants, intended to be used for water based degreasing.

Due to the efficient cleaning effect on organic soils, such as grease and oil, a cleaner based on Berol 226 can often replace a solvent.
The cleaning effect will often be much better than with conventional products, particularly when an oily soil contains a lot of soot and pigments.
A water based alkaline cleaner based on Berol 226 and appropriate complexing agent can be viewed as a great improvement compared with conventional alkaline cleaners.

Berol 226 also has a degreasing effect in acid conditions.
A cleaner based on Berol 226 can be used in most application equipment including high pressure.
Berol 226 can be the cost effective way to achieve cleaner surfaces.



APPLICATIONS OF BEROL 226:
Berol 226 is used in Vehicle cleaning
Berol 226 is used in Engine cleaning

Berol 226 is used in Engineering cleaning
Berol 226 is used in All-purpose cleaning
Berol 226 is used in Acid cleaning

MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE OF BEROL 226:
Berol 226 is designed to be used as the only surfactant in the formulation, together with complexing agent and other salts.
The degreasing effect will be reduced dramatically if an anionic surfactant is added.
It is often possible to replace several other components when using Berol 226, giving saving in raw material handling and inventory levels.

Thanks to this Berol 226 gives a lower total production cost.
1. Start with the water
2. Dissolve the salts
3. Add Berol 226
4. Mix Check the temperature clarity interval.

USES OF BEROL 226:
Berol 226 is simple to use:
- One surfactant
- Easy to handle (Liquid)
- Easy to dissolve

A cleaning product will not be more efficient just because it has a complicated formula with many ingredients.
Berol 226 is already optimized.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BEROL 226:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



SPECIFICATIONS OF BEROL 226:
Color 0-7 Gardner
pH 6-8
Water content ≤ 1 %
Characteristics
Appearance Liquid at 25°C
Clear point 7 °C
Flash point ≥100 C
Initial boiling point 100 (760 mm Hg) °C
Melting point -10 °C
Pour point -10 °C
Solubility 5 or more ethanol, propylene glycol, water
Specific Gravity 1.01(20)
Surface Tension, % solution 26.8 (0.1) dynes/cm (% solution)
Viscosity 80 cp C

SYNONYMS Beryllium dichloride; 13466-27-8 (beryllium chloride tetrahydrate);SynonymsBeCl2;NA 1566;berillium chloride;BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE;Beryllium dichloride;berylliumchloride(becl2);Beryllium chloride, beta;BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE, SUBL.;Beryllium chloride (BeCl2);BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE ANHYDROUS cas no: 7787-47-5

Beryllium dichloride; (beryllium chloride tetrahydrate); NA 1566 CAS NO:7787-47-5

Berylla; Glucina; Beryllia; Thermalox; bromellete; BroMellite; BERYLLIUM OXIDE; naturalbromellite; Beryllium monoxide CAS NO:1304-56-9

C.I. 37500; C.I. Azoic coupling component 1; C.I. Developer 5; betanaphthol; 2-naftol; 2-naftolo; 2-naphtol; antioxygene bn; azogen developer a; azogendevelopera; azoiccouplingcomponent1; beta-monoxynaphthalene; 2-hydroxynaphthalene; beta naphthol; beta-naphthol; b-naphtol; naphthalen-2-ol CAS NO:135-19-3

BETAINE SALICYLATE, Nom INCI : BETAINE SALICYLATE, Classification : Ammonium quaternaire, Tensioactif amphotère. Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes. Kératolytique : Décolle et élimine les cellules mortes de la couche cornée de l'apiderme

Betain 45 CHARACTERISTICS of Betain 45: 1. Betain 45 is perfectly compatible with anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants, it can still be used as cloudy point inhibitor. 2. Betain 45 can produce rich and fine foams. Formulated with adequate proportion of anionic surfactant, it has significant thickening effect. 3. Betain 45 has excellent to tolerance to skin, effectively reduce the irritation caused by fatty alcohol sulfate or fatty alcohol ether sulfate in the products. 4. Betain 45 has antibiotic function, being a good additive in personal sanitary products. 5. Betain 45 has excellent antistatic function, being an ideal conditioning agent. Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is obtained from coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine. Betain 45 is a viscous pale yellow solution and is used as a surfactant in personal care products. COCAMIDOPROPYL Betain 45 is classified as : Antistatic Cleansing Foam boosting Hair conditioning Surfactant Viscosity controlling Cocamidopropyl Betaine. Betain 45 is an amphoteric surfactant. Betain 45 offers benefits such as synergistic effects with dermatological improvement, when in combination with anionic surfactants. DEHYTON® PK 45 is used in liquid soaps, personal care wipes, shampoos, shower/bath formulas, facial cleansing and baby care products. The shelf life of the ingredient is one year. Uses of Betain 45 Betain 45 is an amphoteric surfactant broadly used as raw material of personal care and household products. This material carries high foaming, surface active characteristics, and is a good viscosity builder. Betain 45 shows low irritation to skin and eye. Betain 45 is compatible with other surfactants. Betain 45 (CAPB) is a mixture of closely related organic compounds derived from coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine. Betain 45 is available as a viscous pale yellow solution and it is used as a surfactant in personal care products. The name reflects that the major part of the molecule, the lauric acid group, is derived from coconut oil. Betain 45 to a significant degree has replaced cocamide DEA. Production of Betain 45 Despite the name Betain 45, the molecule is not synthesized from betaine. Instead it is produced in a two step manner, beginning with the reaction of dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) with fatty acids from coconut or palm kernel oil (lauric acid, or its methyl ester, is the main constituent). The primary amine in DMAPA is more reactive than the tertiary amine, leading to its selective addition to form an amide. In the second step chloroacetic acid reacts with the remaining tertiary amine to form a quaternary ammonium center (a quaternization reaction). Chemistry of Betain 45 Betain 45 is a fatty acid amide containing a long hydrocarbon chain at one end and a polar group at the other. This allows Betain 45 to act as a surfactant and as a detergent. Betain 45 is a zwitterion, consisting of both a quaternary ammonium cation and a carboxylate. Specifications and properties of Betain 45 Betain 45 is used as a foam booster in shampoos. Betain 45 is a medium-strength surfactant also used in bath products like hand soaps. Betain 45 is also used in cosmetics as an emulsifying agent and thickener, and to reduce irritation purely ionic surfactants would cause. It also serves as an antistatic agent in hair conditioners, which most often does not irritate skin or mucous membranes. However, some studies indicate it is an allergen. Betain 45 is obtained as an aqueous solution in concentrations of about 30%. Typical impurities of leading manufacturers today: Sodium monochloroacetate < 5 ppm Amidoamine (AA) < 0.3% Dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) < 15 ppm Glycerol < 3% The impurities AA and DMAPA are most critical, as they have been shown to be responsible for skin sensitization reactions. These by-products can be avoided by a moderate excess chloroacetate and the exact adjustment of pH value during betainization reaction accompanied by regular analytical control. Niche Uses Betain 45 is also used as a co-surfactant with Sodium dodecyl sulfate for promoting the formation of gas hydrates. Betain 45, as an additive, helps to scale-up the gas hydrates' formation process. Safety Betain 45 has been claimed to cause allergic reactions in some users, but a controlled pilot study has found that these cases may represent irritant reactions rather than true allergic reactions. Furthermore, results of human studies have shown that Betain 45 has a low sensitizing potential if impurities with amidoamine (AA) and dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) are low and tightly controlled. Other studies have concluded that most apparent allergic reactions to Betain 45 are more likely due to amidoamine. Betain 45 was voted 2004 Allergen of the Year by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. Betain 45 is a chemical compound found in many personal care and household cleaning products. Betain 45 is a surfactant, which means that it interacts with water, making the molecules slippery so they don’t stick together. When water molecules don’t stick together, they are more likely to bond with dirt and oil so when you rinse away the cleaning product, the dirt rinses away, too. In some products, Betain 45 is the ingredient that makes lather. Betain 45 is a synthetic fatty acid made from coconuts, so products that are considered “natural” can contain this chemical. Still, some products with this ingredient may cause unpleasant side effects. Side effects of Betain 45 Betain 45 allergic reaction Some people have an allergic reaction when they use products containing Betain 45. In 2004, the American Contact Dermatitis Society declared Betain 45 the “Allergen of the Year.” Since then, a 2012 scientific review of studies found that it’s not the Betain 45 itself that causes an allergic reaction, but two impurities that are produced in the manufacturing process. The two irritants are aminoamide (AA) and 3-dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA). In multiple studies, when people were exposed to Betain 45 that did not contain these two impurities, they did not have an allergic reaction. Higher grades of Betain 45 that have been purified don’t contain AA and DMAPA and don’t cause allergic sensitivities. Skin discomfort If your skin is sensitive to products that contain Betain 45, you may notice tightness, redness, or itchiness after you use the product. This kind of reaction is known as contact dermatitis. If the dermatitis is severe, you may have blisters or sores where the product came into contact with your skin. Most of the time, an allergic skin reaction like this will heal on its own, or when you stop using the irritating product or use an over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream. If the rash doesn’t get better in a few days, or if it is located near your eyes or mouth, see a doctor. Eye irritation Betain 45 is in several products intended for use in your eyes, like contact solutions, or it’s in products that may run into your eyes as you shower. If you are sensitive to the impurities in Betain 45, your eyes or eyelids could experience: pain redness itchiness swelling If rinsing the product away does not take care of the irritation, you may want to see a doctor. Products with Betain 45 Betain 45 can be found in facial, body, and hair products like: shampoos conditioners makeup removers liquid soaps body wash shaving cream contact lens solutions gynecological or anal wipes some toothpastes Betain 45 is also a common ingredient in household spray cleaners and cleaning or disinfecting wipes. How to tell if a product has Betain 45 Betain 45 will be listed on the ingredient label. The Environmental Working Group lists alternative names for Betain 45, including: 1-propanaminium hydroxide inner salt In cleaning products, you may see Betain 45 listed as: CADG cocamidopropyl dimethyl glycine disodium cocoamphodipropionate The National Institute of Health maintains a Household Product Database where you can check to see if a product you use may contain Betain 45. How to avoid Betain 45 Some international consumer organizations like Allergy Certified and EWG Verified offer assurances that products with their seals have been tested by toxicologists and have been found to have safe levels of AA and DMAPA, the two impurities that usually cause allergic reactions in products containing Betain 45. Takeaway Betain 45 is a fatty acid found in lots of personal hygiene and household products because it helps water to bond with dirt, oil, and other debris so they can be rinsed clean. Although it was initially believed that Betain 45 was an allergen, researchers have found that it’s actually two impurities that emerge during the manufacturing process that are causing irritation to eyes and skin. If you are sensitive to Betain 45, you may experience skin discomfort or eye irritation when you use the product. You can avoid this problem by checking labels and national product databases to find out which products contain this chemical. What Is Betain 45 – Is It Safe? Is Betain 45 safe for skin and hair? Discover more about how this ingredient is made and why Puracy promises never use it in our personal products. What Is Betain 45? Betain 45 (CAPB) is a naturally-derived surfactant that is sourced from coconut oil. Slightly yellow in appearance, this sticky liquid has a slightly “fatty” odor. To produce Betain 45, raw coconut oil is combined with a colorless liquid called dimethylaminopropylamine to create what’s known as a “surfactant.” Surfactants are used in various personal care and cleaning products to break the surface tension of water, attach to dirt, and rinse away. Where Is Betain 45 Found? You’ll find Betain 45 in shampoo, soaps, toothpaste, shaving cream, makeup removers, body washes, and various detergents and cleaners. This substance is used to: Create rich, thick lather in foaming products Soften hair and reduce static in conditioners Thicken countless personal care products and cleaners. how is cocamidopropyl made Betain 45 vs. Coco Betaine The names coco betaine and Betain 45 are often used interchangeably but they aren't exactly the same. Coco betaine is a natural surfactant used in all of the products mentioned above. The “coco” refers to coconut oil. Betaine is a naturally-derived ingredient used to thicken and improve the texture of certain products. It also helps to hydrate skin and smooth hair. Betain 45 has a slightly-different chemical. Like all surfactants, both substances are created through a synthetic process (but used in similar applications to achieve the same results). Is Betain 45 Good for Skin? That depends on how Betain 45 is produced and used. While it’s found in a wide variety of beauty and personal care products (including shampoos, conditioners, shaving cream, makeup removers, and liquid soaps), potential allergic reactions exist for some people. Although Betain 45 (CAPB) is a naturally derived coconut-based cleanser, some people experience dermatological reactions after using products containing the substance. Back in 2004, the American Contact Dermatitis Society even named Betain 45 its “Allergen of the Year.” Board-certified dermatologist Dr. Julie Jackson reports that, ”another common allergen associated with Betain 45 is the chemical used in the synthesis of this molecule, 3-(dimethylamino)propylamine, which is often a contaminant.” Cocamidopropyl Allergic Reactions Direct contact with Betain 45 (or its contaminant) can cause contact dermatitis symptoms. These can last anywhere from a few days to one month after discontinuing the use of Betain 45-containing products. Betain 45 Symptoms may include: Itching Redness Tightness Blisters and sores Eye irritation may be another issue with facial cleansers and makeup removers. Some sufferers complain of eye pain, redness, itching, and irritation. These symptoms generally go away when the product is rinsed off. The best way to prevent allergic reactions is to avoid using these products directly on your skin. If you suspect a reaction, see a board-certified dermatologist who can perform patch allergy testing. High-Quality Betain 45 Found Safe A University of Miami School of Medicine study determined that it’s not the Betain 45 in skincare products that causes contact dermatitis. Instead, it is two specific impurities that develop during the manufacturing process: aminoamide (AA) and 3-dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA). Higher-quality grades of Betain 45 without these irritants rarely cause allergic skin reactions. Is Betain 45 natural Puracy’s Stance on Betain 45 Thanks to its price point and effective cleaning capabilities, Betain 45 is becoming more popular than sulfates (e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate). But we don’t believe the health and safety of our customers is worth that risk. That’s why all of our natural body washes, bubble baths, and body products are free of sulfates, Betain 45, parabens, and other ingredients that have no business being near your skin. Puracy laundry detergent The one exception in our product lineup is our Natural Laundry Detergent. We use high-quality Betain 45 since it’s great at targeting tough stains yet but is fully rinsed away during a single laundry cycle. That means serious cleaning benefits – without the risk of irritation. Cocamidopropyl betaine (Betain 45) and coconut diethanolamide (CDEA), which are manufactured from coconut oil, are widely used as chemical substances with surfactant property in shampoo, liquid soap and skin cleaners. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) may occur against these substances, especially cocamidopropyl betaine. ACD developing against these two substances is rarely seen in the literature. Here we reported a case of ACD caused by Betain 45 and CDEA which admitted with complaints of redness,peeling and cracking of hands. A Betain 45 (/ˈbiːtə.iːn, bɪˈteɪ-, -ɪn/) in chemistry is any neutral chemical compound with a positively charged cationic functional group such as a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cation (generally: onium ions) that bears no hydrogen atom and with a negatively charged functional group such as a carboxylate group that may not be adjacent to the cationic site. A Betain 45 is a specific type of zwitterion. Historically, the term was reserved for TMG (trimethylglycine) only. Biologically, TMG is involved in methylation reactions and detoxification of homocysteine. The pronunciation of the compound reflects its origin and first isolation from sugar beets (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris), and does not derive from the Greek letter beta (β), however, it often is pronounced beta-INE or BEE-tayn. In biological systems, many naturally occurring Betain 45s serve as organic osmolytes. These are substances synthesized or taken up from the environment by cells for protection against osmotic stress, drought, high salinity, or high temperature. Intracellular accumulation of Betain 45s permits water retention in cells, thus protecting from the effects of dehydration. This accumulation is non-perturbing to enzyme function, protein structure, and membrane integrity. Betain 45 is also a methyl donor of increasingly recognised significance in biology. Betain 45 is a modified amino acid consisting of glycine with three methyl groups that serves as a methyl donor in several metabolic pathways and is used to treat the rare genetic causes of homocystinuria. Betain 45 has had only limited clinical use, but has not been linked to instances of serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to clinically apparent liver injury. Betain 45 is indicated in the treatment of homocystinuria involving deficiencies of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) or 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), or a defect in cobalamin cofactor metabolism ( cbl) . Most patients with homocystinuria have some degree of neurological impairment; some patients may have other clinical manifestations such as atherosclerosis, lens dislocation, skeletal abnormalities, and thromboembolism . Betain 45 may delay or prevent disease progression, but does not reverse existing neurological damage . MEDICATION (VET): Dietary Betain 45 may reduce carcass fat in growing pigs. We explored the effects of Betain 45 on short-term growth and in vivo and in vitro fatty acid oxidation. Pigs were housed in metabolism crates and fed diets containing either 0% (control), 0.125% or 0.5% Betain 45 at 80% of ad libitum energy intake. Fatty acid oxidation was measured during intravenous infusions of 1-(13)C-palmitate and in hepatocytes incubated in the presence or absence of Betain 45 and carnitine. CO2 and palmitate isotopic enrichments were determined by mass spectrometry. Pigs consuming 0.125% and 0.5% Betain 45 for at least 9 days had growth rates that were 38% and 12% greater than controls, respectively. Feed efficiency was also improved with Betain 45. Fasting increased palmitate oxidation rates 7-8-fold (P < 0.01), but Betain 45 had no effect in either the fed or fasted state (P > 0.1). For hepatocytes, carnitine but not Betain 45 enhanced palmitate oxidation. This response suggests that previously observed reduction in adipose accretion must be via a mechanism other than oxidation. Betain 45 had no effect on plasma non-esterified fatty acids or urea nitrogen. Under the confinement conditions in this study, dietary Betain 45 improved animal growth responses, but it had no apparent effect on either whole body or hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Betain 45-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) is a zinc metalloenzyme which catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from Betain 45 to homocysteine in the formation of methionine. BHMT is found in the liver and kidneys and may also exist in brain tissue. Betain 45 acts to lower homocysteine levels in some with primary hyperhomocysteinemia/homocystinuria via this enzyme. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary Betain 45 over a range of concentrations (between 0 and 0.5%) on growth and body composition in young feed-restricted pigs. Betain 45 is associated with decreased lipid deposition and altered protein utilization in finishing pigs, and it has been suggested that the positive effects of Betain 45 on growth and carcass composition may be greater in energy-restricted pigs. Thirty-two barrows (36 kg, n = 8 pigs per group) were restrictively fed one of four corn-soybean meal-skim milk based diets (18.6% crude protein, 3.23 Mcal ME/kg) and supplemented with 0, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5% Betain 45. Feed allotment was adjusted weekly according to BW, such that average feed intake was approximately 1.7 kg for all groups. At 64 kg, pigs were slaughtered and visceral tissue was removed and weighed. Carcasses were chilled for 24 hr to obtain carcass measurements. Subsequently, one-half of each carcass and whole visceral tissue were ground for chemical analysis. Linear regression analysis indicated that, as Betain 45 content of the diet was elevated from 0 to 0.5%, carcass fat concentration (P = 0.06), P3 fat depth (P = 0.14) and viscera weight (P = 0.129) were decreased, whereas total carcass protein (P = 0.124), protein deposition rate (P = 0.98), and lean gain efficiency (P = 0.115) were increased. The greatest differences over control pigs were observed in pigs consuming 0.5% Betain 45, where carcass fat concentration and P3 fat depth were decreased by 10 and 26%, respectively. Other fat depth measurements were not different (P > 0.15) from those of control pigs. In addition, pigs consuming the highest Betain 45 level had a 19% increase in the carcass protein:fat ratio, 23% higher carcass protein deposition rate, and a 24% increase in lean gain efficiency compared with controls. Dietary Betain 45 had no effects (P > 0.15) on growth performance, visceral tissue chemical composition, carcass fat deposition rate, visceral fat and protein deposition rates, or serum urea and ammonia concentrations. These data suggest that Betain 45 alters nutrient partitioning such that carcass protein deposition is enhanced at the expense of carcass fat and in part, visceral tissue. Betain 45 in high doses (6 g/day and higher) is used as homocysteine-lowering therapy for people with hyperhomocysteinemia due to inborn errors in the homocysteine metabolism. Betain 45 intake from foods is estimated at 0.5 to 2 g/day. Betain 45 can also be synthesized endogenously from its precursor choline. Studies in healthy volunteers with plasma homocysteine concentrations in the normal range show that Betain 45 supplementation lowers plasma fasting homocysteine dose-dependently to up to 20% for a dose of 6 g/day of Betain 45. Moreover, Betain 45 acutely reduces the increase in homocysteine after methionine loading by up to 50%, whereas folic acid has no effect. Betain 45 doses in the range of dietary intake also lower homocysteine. This implies that Betain 45 can be an important food component that attenuates homocysteine rises after meals. If homocysteine plays a causal role in the development of cardiovascular disease, a diet rich in Betain 45 or choline might benefit cardiovascular health through its homocysteine-lowering effects. However Betain 45 and choline may adversely affect serum lipid concentrations, which can of course increase risk of cardiovascular disease. However, whether the potential beneficial health effects of Betain 45 and choline outweigh the possible adverse effects on serum lipids is as yet unclear. In small, open label trials of Betain 45 therapy for homocystinuria as well as in small controlled trials of Betain 45 in other conditions (Alzheimer disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), serum enzyme elevations and clinically apparent liver injury were not reported. Indeed, in some studies, Betain 45 has been associated with significant declines in preexisting serum enzyme elevations in a proportion of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of orally administered Betain 45 and its acute effect on plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations. Healthy volunteers (n = 10; 3 men, 7 women) with normal body weight (mean + or - SD, 69.5 + or - 17.0 kg), 40.8 + or - 12.4 yr old, participated in the study. The Betain 45 doses were 1, 3, and 6 g. The doses were mixed with 150 mL of orange juice and ingested after a 12-hr overnight fast by each volunteer according to a randomized double-blind crossover design. Blood samples were drawn for 24 hr and a 24-hr urine collection was performed. Orally administered Betain 45 had an immediate and dose-dependent effect on serum Betain 45 concentration. Single doses of 3 and 6 g lowered plasma tHcy concentrations (P = 0.019 and P < 0.001, respectively), unlike the 1-g dose. After the highest dose, the concentrations remained low during the 24 hr of monitoring. The change in plasma tHcy concentration was linearly associated with Betain 45 dose (P = 0.006) and serum Betain 45 concentration (R2 = 0.17, P = 0.025). The absorption and elimination of Betain 45 were dose dependent. The urinary excretion of Betain 45 seemed to increase with an increasing Betain 45 dose, although a very small proportion of ingested Betain 45 was excreted via urine. In conclusion, a single dose of orally administered Betain 45 had an acute and dose-dependent effect on serum Betain 45 concentration and resulted in lowered plasma tHcy concentrations within 2 hr in healthy subjects. Betain 45's production and use in soldering, resin curing fluxes, organic synthesis and in the treatment of homocystinuria and as a lipotropic drug may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. In addition, Betain 45 is produced naturally by both plants and animals as a nonproteinogenic amino acid. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 1.4X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Betain 45 will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase Betain 45 will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. Betain 45 does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, Betain 45 is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 3. The estimated pKa of Betain 45, an inner salt, is 2.38. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces or water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because ionic compounds do not volatilize. No information on the aerobic biodegradation of Betain 45 in either water or soil was located; however, the mineralization of alkyl Betain 45 surfactants is considerable (>60% BODT reached in 28-day screening tests) indicating that it is likely that Betain 45 is also readily mineralized. Betain 45 is expected to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions as well based on data indicating that it is removed during anaerobic sewage treatment. If released into water, Betain 45 is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. An estimated BCF of 0.3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to Betain 45 may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Betain 45 is produced or used. As a nonproteinogenic amino acid, Betain 45 is produced by both plants and animals, including humans. In addition, Betain 45 is ubiquitous in the diet of the general public through the ingestion of both plants and meats. Intake of Betain 45 by some individuals may be increased by the additional use of nutritional supplements containing this compound. Betain 45 anhydrous is a chemical that occurs naturally in the body. It can also be found in foods such as beets, spinach, cereals, seafood, and wine. Betain 45 anhydrous is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of high urine levels of a chemical called homocysteine (homocystinuria) in people with certain inherited disorders. High homocysteine levels are associated with heart disease, weak bones (osteoporosis), skeletal problems, and eye lens problems. Betain 45 anhydrous supplements are most commonly used for reducing blood homocysteine levels and trying to improve athletic performance. How does it work ? Betain 45 anhydrous helps in the metabolism of a chemical called homocysteine. Homocysteine is involved in the normal function of many different parts of the body, including blood, bones, eyes, heart, muscles, nerves, and the brain. Betain 45 anhydrous prevents the buildup of homocysteine in the blood. Levels of homocysteine are very high in some people who have problems with its metabolism. Uses & Effectiveness ? Effective for High homocysteine levels in the urine (homocystinuria). Taking Betain 45 anhydrous lowers homocysteine levels in the urine. Betain 45 anhydrous is FDA approved for treating this condition in both children and adults. Possibly Effective for Dry mouth. Using Betain 45 anhydrous in a toothpaste seems to reduce symptoms of dry mouth. Also, using mouthwash containing Betain 45 anhydrous, xylitol, and sodium fluoride seems to improve dry mouth symptoms. High homocysteine levels in the blood (hyperhomocysteinemia). Research shows that taking Betain 45 anhydrous can decrease homocysteine levels in the blood of some people. However, it is not clear if this also decreases the risk of heart disease. Taking Betain 45 along with folic acid doesn't reduce blood homocysteine levels better than taking folic acid alone. Possibly Ineffective for Genetic disorder that causes intellectual disability (Angelman syndrome). Taking Betain 45 anhydrous does not seem to prevent seizures or improve mental function in children with Angelman syndrome. Insufficient Evidence for Noncancerous tumors in the colon and rectum (colorectal adenomas). Early research has found that higher dietary intake of Betain 45 anhydrous is not linked with a reduced risk of colon and rectum tumors. Depression. Early research shows that taking Betain 45 anhydrous along with s-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) improves symptoms of depression in more people than does taking the antidepressantamitriptyline. Exercise performance. Some research suggests that Betain 45 anhydrous can improve certain aspects of exercise performance, including body composition and strength, in men who participate in strength training. However, Betain 45 anhydrous does not seem to improve strength in untrained men or women. Acid reflux. Early research suggests that taking Betain 45 anhydrous, along with melatonin, L-tryptophan, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin B12, and methionine daily can reduce symptoms of acid reflux. Hepatitis C. Early research shows that taking Betain 45 anhydrous (Cystadane) plus S-adenosyl-L-methionine along with hepatitis C medications can reduce the amount of active virus in people with hepatitis C who did not respond to treatment with hepatitis C medications alone. However, this effect does not appear to last long-term in most people. Liver disease not due to alcohol use (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH). Developing research has found that Betain 45 anhydrous might improve liver disease in people with NASH. Sunburn. Early research has found that applying a specific Betain 45 anhydrous-containing cream for one month before exposure to sunlight reduces sunburn. However, applying this cream only 20 minutes before exposure does not have any benefit. Nervous system disorder called Rett syndrome. Early research shows that taking a combination of folate and Betain 45 anhydrous daily for 12 months does not improve growth, development, or function in girls with Rett syndrome. Weight loss. In one small study, adding Betain 45 anhydrous to a low-calorie diet did not produce extra weight loss in obese adults. Other conditions. Betain 45 hydrochloride is a chemical substance made in a laboratory. It is used as medicine. Betain 45 hydrochloride has an interesting history. Betain 45 hydrochloride used to be included in over-the-counter (OTC) products as a “stomach acidifier and digestive aid.” But a federal law that went into effect in 1993 banned Betain 45 hydrochloride from use in OTC products because there wasn’t enough evidence to classify it “generally recognized as safe and effective.” Betain 45 hydrochloride is now available only as a dietary supplement whose purity and strength can vary. Promoters still claim that some health conditions are due to inadequate stomach acid, but this claim has not been proven. Even if it were true, Betain 45 hydrochloride wouldn’t help. It only delivers hydrochloric acid but does not itself alter stomach acidity. Betain 45 hydrochloride is also used to treat abnormally low levels of potassium (hypokalemia), hay fever, “tired blood” (anemia), asthma, “hardening of the arteries” (atherosclerosis), yeast infections, diarrhea, food allergies, gallstones, inner ear infections, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and thyroid disorders. It is also used to protect the liver. Don’t confuse Betain 45 hydrochloride with Betain 45 anhydrous. Use only the FDA-approved Betain 45 anhydrous product for the treatment of high levels of homocysteine in the urine (homocystinuria). This is a symptom of some rare genetic diseases. What is Betain 45? Betain 45 works by preventing the build-up of an amino acid called homocysteine. This amino acid can harm blood vessels and contribute to heart disease, stroke, or circulation problems. Betain 45 is used to reduce homocysteine levels in people with a genetic condition called homocystinuria, in which the amino acid builds up in the body. Betain 45 is not a cure for homocysteinuria. Betain 45 may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Warnings Follow all directions on your medicine label and package. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use. Before taking this medicine To make sure you can safely take Betain 45, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. How should I take Betain 45? Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose. Use the me

Betain; Laurylamidopropyl Betaine; N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-[(1-oxododecyl)amino]-1-Propanaminium, hydroxide, inner salt; (3-(Lauroylamino)propyl)dimethylaminoacetic acid; 3-Lauroylamidopropyl betaine; (3-Laurylaminopropyl)dimethylaminoacetic acid hydroxide inner salt; cas no: 4292-10-8

Betain; Laurylamidopropyl Betaine; N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-[(1-oxododecyl)amino]-1-Propanaminium, hydroxide, inner salt; (3-(Lauroylamino)propyl)dimethylaminoacetic acid; 3-Lauroylamidopropyl betaine; (3-Laurylaminopropyl)dimethylaminoacetic acid hydroxide inner salt; cas no: 4292-10-8

Allanblackia parviflora seed butter 

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, also known as Phenethyl alcohol or 2-phenylethanol, is a colorless liquid with a floral, rose-like scent.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a characteristic rose-like odor and an initially slightly bitter taste, then sweet and reminiscent of peach.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, an aromatic alcohol with rose-like odor, is commonly used as a food flavoring and fragrance ingredient.

CAS Number: 60-12-8
EC Number: 200-456-2
Molecular Formula: C8H10O
Molecular Weight: 122.16

Synonyms: 2-PHENYLETHANOL, 2-phenylethanol, Phenylethyl alcohol, 60-12-8, Benzeneethanol, Phenylethanol, Benzyl carbinol, Phenethanol, 2-Phenylethyl alcohol, 2-PHENYL-ETHANOL, beta-Phenylethanol, 2-2-phenylethanol, Benzylmethanol, 2-Phenylethan-1-Ol, Benzylcarbinol, Methanol, benzyl-, 2-Hydroxyethylbenzene, 1-Phenyl-2-ethanol, Ethanol, 2-phenyl-, FEMA No. 2858, 2-PEA, Benzenethanol, Phenethylalcohol, Phenyl ethyl alcohol, beta-PEA, beta-Phenylethyl alcohol, beta-Hydroxyethylbenzene, Caswell No. 655C, beta-Fenylethanol, FEMA Number 2858, 1321-27-3, beta-Fenethylalkohol, 2-phenylethanol (natural), beta-2-phenylethanol, HSDB 5002, 2-Phenethanol, .beta.-Hydroxyethylbenzene, .beta.-Phenylethyl alcohol, Hydroxyethylbenzene, EINECS 200-456-2, UNII-ML9LGA7468, MFCD00002886, PhenethylAlcohol-d5, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 001503, NSC 406252, NSC-406252, BRN 1905732, .beta.-Phenylethanol, ML9LGA7468, .beta.-PEA, DTXSID9026342, CHEBI:49000, AI3-00744, (2-Hydroxyethyl)benzene, .beta.-2-phenylethanol, Phenylethyl alcohol [USP], .beta.-(hydroxyethyl)benzene, DTXCID206342, EC 200-456-2, 4-06-00-03067 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NSC406252, NCGC00166215-02, Phenylethyl alcohol (USP), Ethanol, phenyl-, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (II), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [II], 2-phenylethanol (MART.), 2-phenylethanol [MART.], Phenyl Ethanol(Natural), 2 Phenylethanol, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS], beta-Fenylethanol [Czech], 2-phenyl ethanol, Carbinol, Benzyl, beta Phenylethanol, CAS-60-12-8, Alcohol, Phenethyl, beta-Fenethylalkohol [Czech], PEL, SMR000059156, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (USP MONOGRAPH), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [USP MONOGRAPH], Alcohol, Phenylethyl, benzene-ethanol, Mellol, phenyl-ethanol, Benzyl-Methanol, 2-PhenyIethanol, phenylethyl-alcohol, .beta.-Phenethanol, HY1, .beta.-Fenylethanol, b-Hydroxyethylbenzene, Benzyl ethyl alcohol, 2-phenyl-1-ethanol, Benzeneethanol, 9CI, 2-phenylethane-1-ol, betaphenylethyl alcohol, .beta.-Fenethylalkohol, 2-Phenylethanol, USP, METHANOL, BENZYL, A-PEA, beta -hydroxyethylbenzene, 2-Phenylethanol, 99%, .beta.-P.E.A., (BETA-PEA), Phenylethyl alcohol, USAN, bmse000659, Phenylethyl, beta- alcohol, 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)benzene, SCHEMBL1838, WLN: Q2R, MLS001066349, MLS001336026, FEMA NUMBER 2858., 2-phenylethanol [MI], 2-phenylethanol, 8CI, BAN, CHEMBL448500, beta-(HYDROXYETHYL)BENZENE, 2-phenylethanol [FCC], PHENYLETHYL, B- ALCOHOL, 2-phenylethanol [INCI], BDBM85807, FEMA 2858, HMS2093H05, HMS2233H06, HMS3374P04, Pharmakon1600-01505398, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [FHFI], PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [HSDB], 2-phenylethanol [WHO-DD], BCP32115, CS-B1821, HY-B1290, NSC_6054, Tox21_113544, Tox21_201322, Tox21_303383, NSC759116, s3703, 2-Phenylethanol, >=99.0% (GC), AKOS000249688, Tox21_113544_1, CCG-213419, DB02192, NSC-759116, CAS_60-12-8, 2-phenylethanol, >=99%, FCC, FG, NCGC00166215-01, NCGC00166215-03, NCGC00166215-05, NCGC00257347-01, NCGC00258874-01, AC-18484, SBI-0206858.P001, FT-0613332, FT-0673679, P0084, EN300-19347, C05853, D00192, D70868, 2-phenylethanol, natural, >=99%, FCC, FG, AB00698274_05, A832606, Q209463, SR-01000763553, Phenylethyl alcohol, >=99%, FCC, FG, Phenylethyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 19601-20-8.

Phenethyl alcohol, or Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2OH.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H2O), but miscible with most organic solvents.

The molecule of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2−) attached to a hydroxyl group (−OH).
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with a rose-like odour.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a flavour and fragrance compound, and can be used as a preservative and anti-microbial agent. Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has antityrosinase and antimicrobial activities.
Because the Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a good antibacterial efficiency, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be used in the ophthalmic solution.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used as odor agents, air care products, cleaning and furnishing care products, laundry and dishwashing products, personal care products.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is the main flavor volatile of tomato and blue cheese.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with an odor of rose oil.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a burning taste that irritates and then anesthetizes mucous membranes.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol that is used as a fragrance and an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic formulations.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is active at pH 6 or less and is inactivated by nonionic detergents including polysorbate-80.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also a widely used fragrance material that imparts a rose character to perfume compositions.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol (Beta-phenylethyl alcohol) is an alcohol with a pleasant floral odor that occurs widely in nature.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is found in a variety of essential oils, including rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is therefore a common ingredient in flavors and perfumery, particularly when the smell of rose is desired.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is responsible for honey-like aromas, a major aroma component of Muscat wine.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol stability in basic conditions.

In biology Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used as odor agents, air care products, cleaning and furnishing care products, laundry and dishwashing products, personal care products.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol and belongs to the class of compounds known as phenols.

The chemical formula for Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is C8H10O.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a kind of edible spices, and naturally exists in neroli, rose oil, geranium oil and other oils, because Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a soft, pleasant and persistent rose fragrance and is widely used in various kinds of flavors and cigarette flavor.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is dispensing rose scent, food additives, the main raw material for rose scent flavor, stable on alkali, which are widely used in soap fragrance, is essence blending all rose scent series of spices, because Beta-phenylethyl alcohol does not dissolve in water, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is often used in the making up water, soap and orange flower, purple, etc.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used in the blending of flavor.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, or Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2OH.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H2O), but miscible with most organic solvents.
The molecule of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2−) attached to a hydroxyl group (−OH).

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is metabolized to phenylacetic acid in mammals.
In humans, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is excreted in urine as the conjugate phenylacetylglutamine.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral fragrance that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a preservative.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is chemical formula is C8H10O, and Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is naturally derived from plants such as rose and jasmine.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, making Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a popular alternative to synthetic preservatives.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is soluble in both oil and water, which allows Beta-phenylethyl alcohol to be easily incorporated into a wide range of cosmetic formulations.

With Beta-phenylethyl alcohol natural origin and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a good choice for those looking for safe and effective preservatives.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a role as a fragrance, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Aspergillus metabolite and a plant growth retardant.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol and a member of benzenes.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, is a primary aromatic alcohol of high boiling point, having a characteristic rose-like odor.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol presents organoleptic properties and impacts the quality of the wine, distilled beverages, and fermented foods.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol shows its presence in fresh beer and is responsible for the rose-like odor of well-ripened cheese.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is commercially and industrially an important flavor and is a component of a variety of foodstuffs such as ice cream, gelatin, candy, pudding, chewing gum, and non-alcoholic beverages.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used as a flavoring agent in the cosmetic, perfume, and food industries.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is formed by yeasts during fermentation of alcohols either by decomposition of L-phenylalanine or metabolism of sugar substrates.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is therefore a common ingredient in flavors and perfumery, particularly when the odor of rose is desired.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a colorless liquid used in small amounts as a so-called masking ingredient, meaning Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can hide the natural not-so-nice smell of other cosmetic ingredients.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a nice rose-like scent and can be found in several essential oils such as rose, neroli or geranium.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol also has some antimicrobial activity and can boost the performance of traditional preservatives.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol that is used as a fragrance and an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic formulations.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is metabolized to phenylacetic acid in mammals.
In humans, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is excreted in urine as the conjugate phenylacetylglutamine.

The acute oral LD,s of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol to rats ranged from 2.5 to 3.1 ml/kg, and for mice and guinea pigs was 0.8 to 1.5 g/kg and 0.4 to 0.8 g/kg, respectively.
The dermal LD,s for rabbits and guinea pigs were 0.8 g/kg and 5 g/kg, respectively.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol was slightly to moderately irritating to the skin of rabbits and guinea pigs and was not a guinea pig sensitizer.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, in concentrations of 1 % or greater, was irritating to the eyes of rabbits.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol was neither an irritant nor a sensitizer in human studies.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol was not mutagenic in the Ames test or in an Escherichia coli DNA-polymerase-deficient assay system.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol did not increase the number of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear oily liquid with a sweet rose scent.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be synthesized for industry through the use of yeast strains or by reacting benzene and ethylene oxide with a catalyst.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is naturally present in grapes and wines, and is also found in the essential oils of many plants such as ylang ylang, hyacinth and carnation.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is the dominant odour in fresh roses such as Rosa multiflora, however is mostly lost during essential oil production as Beta-phenylethyl alcohol separates, with only a fraction remaining in rose oil.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohols are a large class of important cosmetic ingredients but only ethanol needs to be denatured to prevent Beta-phenylethyl alcohol from being redirected from cosmetic applications to alcoholic beverages.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol did inhibit the repair of radiation-induced breaks in the DNA of Z. coli.

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is prepared commercially via two routes.

Most common is the Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzene and ethylene oxide in the presence of aluminium trichloride.
C6H6 + CH2CH2O + AlCl3 → C6H5CH2CH2OAlCl2 + HCl

The reaction affords the aluminium alkoxide that is subsequently hydrolyzed to the desired product.
The main side product is Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, which can be avoided by use of excess benzene.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol of styrene oxide also affords Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a colorless, transparent, slightly viscous liquid.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes and also used as a preservative in soaps due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol stability in basic conditions.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is the deuterium labeled Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, extracted from rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom and other organisms, is a colourless liquid.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a pleasant floral odor and also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes and also used as a preservative in soaps due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol stability in basic conditions.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol occurs naturally in some essential oils, such as rose oil, carnation oil, and geranium oil, contributing to their pleasant fragrance.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is commonly used in the perfume and flavor industries due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol floral aroma.

Additionally, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has antimicrobial properties, which makes Beta-phenylethyl alcohol useful in various cosmetic and personal care products as a preservative.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol occurs naturally in various plants, including roses, carnations, geraniums, and other flowers.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is extracted from these sources for use in the fragrance industry.
One of the primary uses of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is in the fragrance and perfume industry.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is pleasant, floral scent, reminiscent of roses, makes Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a popular choice for adding a sweet and rosy note to perfumes and cosmetic products.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the formulation of eye area makeup, makeup products, skin care products, shampoos and perfumes and colognes.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a role as a fragrance, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Aspergillus metabolite and a plant growth retardant.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol and a member of benzenes.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a water soluble fragrance agent with rose like scent and good antimicrobial activity.

Perfect suitable for water based products and colour cosmetics.
The combination with boosting agents is in emulsions recommendable, the performance is pH independent.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, or Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2OH.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H2O), but miscible with most organic solvents.

The molecule of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2−) attached to a hydroxyl group (−OH).
In addition to its use in perfumery, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is sometimes used as a flavoring agent in the food industry, providing a sweet and floral taste to certain products.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has antimicrobial properties, and as such, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is employed as a preservative in various cosmetic and personal care products.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be synthesized chemically through various methods, including the reduction of phenylacetic acid or the hydration of styrene.
Synthetic Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is often used in the fragrance industry when a cost-effective and consistent source is needed.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can act as a solvent for various substances, which adds to its versatility in different industrial applications.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used in accordance with regulations.

However, like any chemical, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol should be handled with care, and its concentration in formulations should comply with safety guidelines.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, extracted from rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom and other organisms, is a colourless liquid that is slightly soluble in water.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a pleasant floral odor and also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild rose odor.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be dehydrogenated catalytically to phenylacetaldehyde and oxidized to phenylacetic acid (e.g.,with chromic acid).

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is the main component of rose oils obtained from rose blossoms
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol occurs in smaller quantities in neroli oil, ylang-ylang oil, carnation oil, and geranium oils.

Since the alcohol is rather soluble in water, losses occur when essential oils are produced by steam distillation.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is fatty acid esterswith lowermolecularmass, as well as some alkyl ethers, are valuable fragrance and flavor substances.

Phenylethyl Alcohol is found in almond.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a component of ylang-ylang oil.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a flavouring ingredient.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also called P-Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, p-phenyl ethyl alcohol, 2-phenyl ethanol, benzeneethanol, benzyl carbinol, and p-hydroxyethylben~ene.'~-~) PEA is a colorless, transparent, slightly viscous liquid with a sharp, burning taste.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a floral odor with a rose chara~ter.'~?~,~) The molecular weight of PEA is 122.1 7.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has a specific gravity of 1.0202 at 20°C (compared with water at 4°C) and a specific gravity of 1.01 7 to 1.01 9 at 25°C (compared with water at 25°C).

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also soluble in fixed oils, glycerol, and propylene glycol and is slightly soluble in mineral oil.
A 2-ml sample of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol will dissolve in 100 ml of water after thorough Exposure to air may cause a slight oxidation of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be oxidized by acids and other oxidants, and oxidation in the presence of air is accelerated by heat.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is stable in colorless glass ampules at room temperature or in full opaque containers stored at 4 to 27°C for up to 1 year.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is absorbed by polyethylene c~ntainers.(~,~,~) PEA occurs naturally in the environment.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is produced by microorganisms, plants, and animals."0)
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has been found as the free alcohol oresterified in a number of natural essential oils, and in food, spices, and tobacco.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as a preservative ingredient in some soaps, and is also used in cosmetics, personal care products and food production for creating floral-rose fragrances and flavours.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be produced through various methods, including chemical synthesis and natural extraction from plants such as rose and jasmine.

The most common method involves the reduction of benzaldehyde with sodium borohydride in the presence of a catalyst.
The boiling point of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol at 750 mm Hg is 219 to 221"C, at 14 mm Hg is 104"C, at 12 mm Hg is 98 to 1 OO"C, and at 10 mm Hg is 97.4"C.

The freezing point of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is -27°C.
The alcohol is combustible, and Beta-phenylethyl alcohol flash point is 102.2"C.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a Beta-phenylethyl alcohol that prevents or retards bacterial growth, and thus protects cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a natural and multifunctional ingredient with a pleasant floral odor.
Due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol excellent antimicrobial properties Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in cosmetics as a preservative booster to reduce traditional preservative use.

Contrarily to organic salt preservatives which require a low pH for optimum action, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is pH independent.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is efficient in a broad pH range and heat stable.

For this reason, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be used in all kinds of products in cosmetics and perfumery, as a deodorant active and for alternative preservation.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is soluble in water and in most organic solvents.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, or Beta-phenylethyl alcohol, is the organic compound that consists of a phenethyl group group attached to OH.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid that is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with most organic solvents.

Incompatible with oxidizing agents and protein, e.g. serum.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is partially inactivated by polysorbates, although this is not as great as the reduction in antimicrobial activity that occurs with parabens and polysorbates.
Purify the ethanol by shaking Beta-phenylethyl alcohol with a solution of ferrous sulfate, and the alcohol layer is washed with distilled water and fractionally distilled.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol was not mutagenic in bacterial assays, nor did Beta-phenylethyl alcohol increase the number of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can also be prepared by the reaction between phenylmagnesium bromide and ethylene oxide:
C6H5MgBr + CH2CH2O → C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr
C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr + H+ → C6H5CH2CH2OH + MgBr+

The index of refraction for Beta-phenylethyl alcohol at 20°C for sodium light is 1.530 to 1.534.(2~4-6) Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is very soluble in alcohol and ether.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can also be produced by biotransformation from L-phenylalanine using immobilized yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Proper storage conditions, such as keeping Beta-phenylethyl alcohol in a cool and dark place, are important to maintain Beta-phenylethyl alcohol quality.
The environmental impact of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol depends on factors such as its source (natural or synthetic) and the specific application.

In general, when used responsibly and in accordance with regulations, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol impact on the environment is considered minimal.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also possible to produce Beta-phenylethyl alcohol by the reduction of phenylacetic acid using sodium borohydride and iodine in THF.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.
Besides being found in essential oils of plants, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a natural component of some fruits.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol contributes to the characteristic aroma of certain fruits like apples and strawberries.
There is ongoing research into the potential therapeutic properties of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.

Some studies suggest that Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
However, more research is needed to fully understand Beta-phenylethyl alcohol potential medical applications.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in various industrial processes.
For example, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be utilized as a precursor in the synthesis of other chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is present in trace amounts in wine and is considered one of the volatile compounds that contribute to the overall aroma and flavor profile of the wine.
In perfumery, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is often used in combination with other aromatic compounds to create complex and well-balanced fragrances.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is mild and floral scent makes Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a versatile ingredient in fragrance formulations.
The use of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is subject to regulations and guidelines set by regulatory authorities in different countries.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is important for industries to comply with these regulations to ensure the safety and proper labeling of products containing this compound.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is relatively stable, but like many chemicals, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can degrade over time, especially when exposed to light and air.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a compound naturally present in various fruits, flowers, and plants.
In laboratory studies, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has demonstrated the ability to influence the activity of specific enzymes, receptors, and channels.

Notably, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has been observed to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
Additionally, research has explored Beta-phenylethyl alcohol potential in modulating the activity of G-protein coupled receptors, which play crucial roles in a wide range of physiological processes.

Uses of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the formulation of room sprays and air fresheners to provide a pleasant and long-lasting fragrance.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be found in nail polishes, nail polish removers, and other nail care products due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol fragrance and potential antimicrobial benefits.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used as a flavoring agent in the cosmetic, perfume, and food industries.

Other release to the environment of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is intended to be released from scented: clothes, eraser, toys, paper products and CDs.
Widespread uses by professional workers

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following products: polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.

Other release to the environment of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in both aqueous and alcoholic perfume formulations, contributing to the fragrance stability in various types of perfumes.

In the formulation of biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaners, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may be used for its cleaning properties and mild scent
In niche and artisanal perfumery, where unique and specialized fragrances are crafted, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is valued for its floral and versatile characteristics.

In the production of botanical extracts used in skincare and cosmetic formulations, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may be employed for its aromatic qualities.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is qualitatively and quantitatively one of the most important fragrance substances that belongs to the class of araliphatic alcohols.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used frequently and in large amounts as a fragrance material.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a popular component in rose-type compositions, but Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used in other blossom notes.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is stable to alkali and, therefore, ideally suited for use in soap perfumes.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used to mask odor and also as a preservative.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may be employed in the pharmaceutical industry as an ingredient in certain drug formulations.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is antimicrobial properties can contribute to the stability and preservation of pharmaceutical products.

The mild and pleasant scent of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol makes Beta-phenylethyl alcohol suitable for use in insect repellents.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be included in formulations to improve the overall fragrance of these products.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is sometimes used in the production of scented candles and air fresheners to impart a floral fragrance, enhancing the ambiance of living spaces.
Beyond cosmetics, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is often included in various personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and body lotions for Beta-phenylethyl alcohol fragrance and preservative properties.

Due to its solvent properties, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be used in the textile industry for processes like dyeing and finishing fabrics.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may be found in a range of household products, including cleaning solutions, fabric softeners, and laundry detergents, where Beta-phenylethyl alcohol antimicrobial properties contribute to product preservation.

In microbiology labs, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is sometimes used as a disinfectant or as part of media formulations for culturing microorganisms.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol's antimicrobial properties make Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a potential candidate for use in food packaging materials to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and extend the shelf life of packaged foods.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products due to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol pleasing fragrance and preservative properties.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol might be included in grooming sprays for pets to provide a pleasant scent and potentially help in controlling odors.

Some dental products, such as mouth rinses and dental gels, may contain Beta-phenylethyl alcohol for its potential antimicrobial effects and fragrance.
Beyond its use as a flavoring agent in the food industry, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is sometimes employed in the creation of floral and fruity flavorings for various food products.

In some culinary applications, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol might be used to enhance the aroma and flavor of specific dishes or desserts.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as a preservative in cleansers, toners, moisturizers, and other cosmetic formulations.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol helps in extending the shelf life of products and protects against harmful microorganisms.
Additionally, the skin conditioning properties of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol make it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and other skincare products
Cosmetic products: Apart from acting as a preservative, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient, adding a floral scent to cosmetic products.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be found in a wide range of cosmetics, including foundations, blushes and eye shadows.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in food flavors, especially in honey, bread, apple, rose flavor and so on.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in tobacco flavors.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used for blending rose essential oil and all kinds of fragrance, such as jasmine, lilac, and orange blossom fragrance, etc.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is a common ingredient in the fragrance and perfume industry.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be found in various food and beverage items.
Due to its antimicrobial properties, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as a preservative in cosmetics, skincare products, and toiletries.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol helps prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi, extending the shelf life of these products.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol serves as a solvent in industrial processes, contributing to Beta-phenylethyl alcohol versatility.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
While still being explored, research suggests that Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may have potential therapeutic properties.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.
Natural Beta-phenylethyl alcohol found in some fruits contributes to the characteristic aroma and flavor of certain foods, including apples and strawberries.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is present in trace amounts in wine and contributes to its overall aroma and flavor profile.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is considered one of the volatile compounds influencing the sensory characteristics of wine.

The antimicrobial properties of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol make it a suitable ingredient in some household cleaning products, detergents, and disinfectants.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol's pleasant scent makes it suitable for use in aromatherapy products, such as essential oil blends or diffuser oils.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in research and development laboratories, often as a reference compound or as a starting material in chemical synthesis.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an antimicrobial preservative in nasal, ophthalmic, and otic formulations at 0.25–0.5% v/v concentration; Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is generally used in combination with other preservatives.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol has also been used on its own as an antimicrobial preservative at concentrations up to 1% v/v in topical preparations.
At this concentration, mycoplasmas are inactivated within 20 minutes, although enveloped viruses are resistant.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used in flavors and as a perfumery component, especially in rose perfumes.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is sweet, floral scent, reminiscent of roses, makes Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a popular choice for adding a rosy note to perfumes and personal care products.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is sometimes used in the production of herbal extracts and tinctures, contributing to the overall aroma of the final product.

The antimicrobial properties of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol make it a suitable ingredient in liquid soaps and body washes, helping to keep the products free from harmful microorganisms.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may be included in some mouthwashes and oral care products for its antimicrobial effects and to enhance the product's overall scent.

Some pet grooming products, such as shampoos and conditioners, may contain Beta-phenylethyl alcohol for its fragrance and preservative qualities.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be found in floral waters and hydrosols, contributing to the aromatic properties of these products.

Consumer Uses:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following products: biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), air care products, perfumes and fragrances, cosmetics and personal care products, polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products and pharmaceuticals.
Other release to the environment of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following products: polishes and waxes, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.

Uses at industrial sites:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, air care products, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Occurrence and uses of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is therefore a common ingredient in flavors and perfumery, particularly when the odor of rose is desired.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.

Production of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Many syntheticmethods are known for preparing Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.

The following are currently of industrial importance:

1) Friedel–Crafts reaction of benzene and ethylene oxide:
In the presence of molar quantities of aluminum chloride, ethylene oxide reacts with benzene to give an addition product, which is hydrolyzed to phenylethyl alcohol:
Friedel–Crafts reaction of benzene and ethylene oxide.

Formation of by-products, such as 1,2-diphenylethane, is largely avoided by using an excess of benzene at low temperature.
Special purification procedures are required to obtain a pure Beta-phenylethyl alcohol that is free of chlorine and suitable for use in perfumery.

2) Hydrogenation of styrene oxide: Excellent yields of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol are obtainedwhen styrene oxide is hydrogenated at low temperature, using Raney nickel as a catalyst and a small amount of sodium hydroxide.

Synthesis of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is prepared commercially via two routes.

Most common is the Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzene and ethylene oxide in the presence of aluminium trichloride.
C6H6 + CH2CH2O + AlCl3 → C6H5CH2CH2OAlCl2 + HCl

The reaction affords the aluminium alkoxide that is subsequently hydrolyzed to the desired product.
The main side product is diphenylethane, which can be avoided by use of excess benzene.
Hydrogenation of styrene oxide also affords Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.

Laboratory methods:

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can also be prepared by the reaction between phenylmagnesium bromide and ethylene oxide:
C6H5MgBr + CH2CH2O → C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr
C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr + H+ → C6H5CH2CH2OH + MgBr+

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can also be produced by biotransformation from L-phenylalanine using immobilized yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is also possible to produce Beta-phenylethyl alcohol by the reduction of phenylacetic acid using sodium borohydride and iodine in THF.

Handling and storage of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:

Storage:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is stable in bulk, but is volatile and sensitive to light and oxidizing agents.
If stored in low-density polyethylene containers, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol may be absorbed by the containers.

The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is reasonably stable in both acidic and alkaline solutions.

Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving.
Losses to polypropylene containers have been reported to be insignificant over 12 weeks at 30°C.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 10: Combustible liquids

Stability and reactivity of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

Chemical stability:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
Stable under recommended storage conditions.

May form peroxides on prolonged storage.
Date container and periodically test for peroxides.

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Conditions to avoid:
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
No data available

Safety Profile of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact.
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol can be produced through various methods, including chemical synthesis and natural extraction from plants such as rose and jasmine.

The most common method involves the reduction of benzaldehyde with sodium borohydride in the presence of a catalyst.
The resulting Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is then purified to obtain Beta-phenylethyl alcohol.

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol a skin and eye irritant.
When heated to decomposition Beta-phenylethyl alcohol emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes

Beta-phenylethyl alcohol is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material.
However, at the concentration used to preserve eye-drops (about 0.5% v/v) or above, eye irritation may occur.

Experimental teratogenic effects.
Other experimental reproductive effects.

Causes severe central nervous system injury to experimental animals.
Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidzing materials.

First aid measures of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:

General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Caution if victim vomits.
Risk of aspiration!

Keep airways free.
Pulmonary failure possible after aspiration of vomit.
Call a physician immediately.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Firefighting measures of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Carbon oxides
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Identifiers of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
CAS number: 60-12-8
EC number: 200-456-2
Hill Formula: C₈H₁₀O
Chemical formula: C₆H₅CH₂CH₂OH
Molar Mass: 122.17 g/mol
HS Code: 2906 29 00

CAS Number: 60-12-8
ChEBI: CHEBI:49000
ChEMBL: ChEMBL448500
ChemSpider: 5830
DrugBank: DB02192
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.415
KEGG: D00192
PubChem CID: 6054
UNII: ML9LGA7468
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9026342
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H10O/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H2
Key: WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C8H10O/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H2
InChI=1S/C8H10O/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H2
Key: WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: c1ccc(cc1)CCO

CAS Number: 60-12-8
Molecular Weight: 122.16
Beilstein: 1905732
EC Number: 200-456-2
MDL number: MFCD00002886
PubChem Substance ID: 57652684
NACRES: NA.22

Properties of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Melting point: -27 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 219-221 °C/750 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.020 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 4.21 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 58 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.5317(lit.)
FEMA: 2858 | Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Flash point: 216 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Miscible with chloroform.
form: Liquid
pka: 15.17±0.10(Predicted)
color: Clear colorless
Odor: floral odor of roses
PH: 6-7 (20g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit 1.4-11.9%(V)
Odor Type: floral
Water Solubility: 20 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,7224
JECFA Number: 987
BRN: 1905732
Dielectric constant: 13.0（20℃）
Stability: Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong acids and strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.
InChIKey: WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.50

Chemical formula: C8H10O
Molar mass: 122.167 g·mol−1
Odor: Soft, like roses
Density: 1.017 g/cm3
Melting point: −27 °C (−17 °F; 246 K)
Boiling point: 219 to 221 °C (426 to 430 °F; 492 to 494 K)
log P: 1.36

vapor density: 4.21 (vs air)
Quality Level: 100
vapor pressure: 1 mmHg ( 58 °C)
Assay: ≥99.0% (GC)
form: liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.5317 (lit.)
bp: 219-221 °C/750 mmHg (lit.)
mp: −27 °C (lit.)
density: 1.020 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: OCCc1ccccc1
InChI: 1S/C8H10O/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H2
InChI key: WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Boiling point: 219 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.023 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.4 - 11.9 %(V)
Flash point: 102 °C
Ignition temperature: 410 °C
Melting Point: -27 °C
pH value: 6 - 7 (20 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.08 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 20 g/l

Specifications of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.019 - 1.020
Identity (IR): passes test

Names of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:

Regulatory process names:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
2-phenylethanol
Phenethyl alcohol

IUPAC names:
2-FENYLETHANOL
2-Phenyethanol
2-phenyl ethl acohol
2-Phenyl ethyl alcohol
2-phenylethan-1-ol
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
2-Phenylethyl Alcohol
2-Phenylethyl alcohol
Benzeneethanol
p-menth-1-en-8-ol
PEA
PEA, Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Phenethyl alcohol
PHENYL ETHYL ALCOHOL
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol
phenyl ethyl alcohol
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol
Phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethylalcohol
β-PEA, Benzyl carbinol

Trade names:
2-PEA
PEA-PHENYL ETHYL PHENOL
Phenethyl alcohol
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol
PHENYLROSE

Other names:
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Phenethyl alcohol
Benzyl carbinol
β-Hydroxyethylbenzene
Benzeneethanol

Other identifiers:
60-12-8

MeSH of Beta-phenylethyl alcohol:
2 Phenylethanol
Beta-phenylethyl alcohol
Alcohol, Phenethyl
Alcohol, Phenylethyl
Benzyl Carbinol
beta Phenylethanol
beta-Phenylethanol
Carbinol, Benzyl
Phenethyl Alcohol
Phenylethanol
Phenylethyl Alcohol

Beta-sulfoalanine is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Beta-sulfoalanine, also known as cysteate or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
Beta-sulfoalanine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

CAS Number: 498-40-8
EC Number: 207-861-3
Molecular Formula: C3H7NO5S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.15

Synonyms: Cysteic Acid, 3-Sulfoalanine, DL-CYSTEIC ACID, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, 13100-82-8, cysteate, beta-Sulfoalanine, Alanine, 3-sulfo-, 3024-83-7, Cysteinic acid, Cepteic acid, Cipteic acid, Cysteric acid, A3OGP4C37W, CHEBI:21260, Cysteinesulfonate, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoate, L-Cysteate, UNII-A3OGP4C37W, cysteinsaure, Cepteate, Cipteate, Cysterate, NSC 254030, NSC-254030, L-Cysteic acid, 8, 3-Sulfoalanine, (L)-, 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionate, CYSTEIC ACID [MI], CYSTEIC ACID, DL-, CHEMPACIFIC41266, SCHEMBL44030,m2-amino-3-sulfopro-panoic acid, CHEMBL1171434, 2-azanyl-3-sulfo-propanoic acid, BDBM85473, DTXSID40862048, XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N, BBL100099, MFCD00065088, NSC254030, STL301905, AKOS005174455, 3-Sulfoalanine (H-DL-Cys(O3H)-OH), LS-04435, FT-0627746, FT-0655399, FT-0683826, C-9550, EN300-717791, A820275, Q2823250, Z1198149799, InChI=1/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9, 13100-82-8 [RN], 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, 3024-83-7 [RN], 3-Sulfoalanin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Sulfoalanine [ACD/IUPAC Name], 3-Sulfoalanine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], A3OGP4C37W, a-Amino-b-sulfopropionic Acid, Alanine, 3-sulfo- [ACD/Index Name], CYA, Cysteic Acid, Cysteic acid (VAN), CYSTEIC ACID, D-, CYSTEIC ACID, DL-, CYSTEIC ACID, L-, DL-cysteic acid, L-Cysteic Acid, UNII:A3OGP4C37W, α-amino-β-sulfopropionic acid, 2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoate [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionate, Cepteate, Cipteate, Cysteinesulfonate, Cysterate, (R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, (S)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, [13100-82-8] [RN], 207-861-3 [EINECS], 2-Amino-3-sulfopropionic acid, 35554-98-4 [RN], 3-Sulfoalanine, (L)-, 3-sulfoalanine|alanine, 3-sulfo-, Alanine, 3-sulfo-, L-, C-9550, Cepteic acid, Cipteic acid, cysteate, cysteinate, cysteine sulfonic acid, CYSTEINESULFONIC ACID, Cysteinic acid, Cysteins??ure, Cysteric acid, DL-CYSTEICACID, L-Alanine, 3-sulfo- [ACD/Index Name], L-Cysteate, L-Cysteic acid, 8, MFCD00007524, MFCD00065088 [MDL number], β-Sulfoalanine

Beta-sulfoalanine also known as 3-sulfo-l-alanine is the organic compound with the formula HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.
Beta-sulfoalanine is often referred to as cysteate, which near neutral pH takes the form −O3SCH2CH(NH3+)CO2−.

Beta-sulfoalanine is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Beta-sulfoalanine is further metabolized via 3-sulfolactate, which converts to pyruvate and sulfite/bisulfite.
The enzyme L-cysteate sulfo-lyase catalyzes this conversion.

Beta-sulfoalanine is a biosynthetic precursor to taurine in microalgae.
By contrast, most taurine in animals is made from cysteine sulfinate.

Beta-sulfoalanine and cysteine sulfinic acid (metabolic intermediates from taurine biosynthesis in the brain) significantly reduce [3H]taurine uptake in cultured neurons, whereas cysteine, isethionic acid, cysteamine, and cystamine exhibit no alterations in taurine transport.

Beta-sulfoalanine, also known as cysteate or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.
Beta-sulfoalanine is a very strong basic compound (based on Beta-sulfoalanine pKa).

Beta-sulfoalanine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Within humans, Beta-sulfoalanine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions.
In particular, Beta-sulfoalanine can be converted into taurine through Beta-sulfoalanine interaction with the enzyme cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase.

In addition, Beta-sulfoalanine can be converted into taurine through Beta-sulfoalanine interaction with the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase 1.
In humans, Beta-sulfoalanine is involved in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.

Beta-sulfoalanine, also known as cysteate or 3-sulfoalanine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

Beta-sulfoalanine is a very strong basic compound (based on Beta-sulfoalanine pKa).
Beta-sulfoalanine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

L-Cysteic acid is a beta-sulfoalanine.
Beta-sulfoalanine is an amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Beta-sulfoalanine occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Beta-sulfoalanine, also known as 3-sulfo-1-alanine, is an organic compound with the formula HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H.
Beta-sulfoalanine is often called cysteate, and at near-neutral pH Beta-sulfoalanine takes the form -O3SCH2CH(NH3+)CO2-.

An amino acid produced by the oxidation of cysteine, where the thiol group is completely oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.
Beta-sulfoalanine is further metabolized via 3-sulfolactic acid and converted to pyruvate and sulfite/bisulfite.

The enzyme L-cysteate sulfolyase catalyzes this conversion.
Beta-sulfoalanine is the biosynthetic precursor of taurine in microalgae.
In contrast, most taurine in animals is made from cysteine ​​sulfinic acid.

Fmoc-L-Beta-sulfoalanine is an Fmoc protected cysteine derivative potentially useful for proteomics studies, and solid phase peptide synthesis techniques.
Cysteine is versatile amino acid involved with many biological processes, including the formation of disulfide bonds - a critical component of protein structure.
This compound could be useful as an unusual amino acid analog to aid in the deconvolution of protein structure and function.

Beta-sulfoalanine is an amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.
Beta-sulfoalanine has a role as an animal metabolite.
Beta-sulfoalanine is an alanine derivative, an amino sulfonic acid, a carboxyalkanesulfonic acid, a cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid.

Beta-sulfoalanine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).

Beta-sulfoalanine is a natural product found in Phaseolus vulgaris and Homo sapiens with data available.

Beta-sulfoalanine can be readily oxidized, where the main degradation products are mixed disulfides within one molecule, disulfide cross-links between molecules, and sulfenic, sulfinic, and Beta-sulfoalanine.
Transition metals such as Cu2+ and Fe3+ can catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds.

As an example, human fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) forms dimers as the result of intermolecular disulfides by copper-catalyzed oxidation.
These metal-catalyzed reactions generally can occur without a neighboring thiol group.

In the absence of transition metals the formation of new intramolecular or intermolecular disulfide bridges generally requires a nearby free thiol group that breaks apart the existing native disulfide bridge and then the free thiol can reoxidize to form the disulfide bridge.
Since this reaction requires a free thiol anion (pKa is ∼9) an increase in the solution pH will result in an increase in formation of mixed disulfide.

However, the pKa values for Beta-sulfoalanine can vary depending on the proximity of other ionizing groups in the tertiary structure.
These interactions are primarily electrostatic in nature and since the ionization of these neighboring groups changes with the pH the pKa values of the Beta-sulfoalanine residues will be a function of pH.

As an example, the thiol pKa in papain for the active site Cys 25 has been estimated to be 4.1 at pH 6 and 8.4 at pH 9.
This observation suggests that at pH 6 there is a His residue with positive charge in close proximity to Beta-sulfoalanine 25, whereas at pH 9 the electrostatic interactions are dominated by close negatively charged residues such as Asp or Glu residues.

The effects of local electrostatic environments on thiol pKa values and disulfide exchange have been discussed by Snyder, Cennerazzo, Karalis, and Field (1981).
Ion pairing with His residues has also been proposed for the decrease in the Cys pKa values.

Beta-sulfoalanine has been used to couple to hydrophobic labels like Cyanine and Rhodamine dyes and other hydrophobic residues to increase their solubility in water.
As di- or tripeptide a further increase of hydrophilicity can be achieved

Beta-sulfoalanine has been used to couple to hydrophobic labels like Cyanine and Rhodamine dyes and other hydrophobic residues to increase their solubility in water.
As di- or tripeptide a further increase of hydrophilicity can be achieved.

Beta-sulfoalanine can be coupled in SPPS by standard phosphoniumor uranium-based coupling reagents.
In high throughput technologies for DNA sequencing and genomics charge-modified dye-labelled
dideoxynucleoside-5’-triphosphates were synthesized for “direct-load” applications in DNA.

L-Cysteine and L-Beta-sulfoalanine were synthesized by paired eletrolysis method.
A high purity over 98% and high yield over 90% of both products were gained.

When current density was 7 A/dm2 and concentration of L-cysteine was 0.6 mol/dm3, the highest current efficiency of anode and cathode was achieved.
Total current efficiency was over 180%.

The cyclic voltammetry behaviors of hydrobromic acid and cystine showed that a typical EC reaction took place in the anodic cell.
The anode reaction and successive chemical reaction accelerated each other to get a high speed and current efficiency.

L-Beta-sulfoalanine is the L-enantiomer of Beta-sulfoalanine.
Beta-sulfoalanine has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human metabolite.

Beta-sulfoalanine is a Beta-sulfoalanine, an amino sulfonic acid, a L-alanine derivative, a L-cysteine derivative and a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid.
Beta-sulfoalanine is a conjugate acid of a L-cysteate(1-).

L-Cysteic acid is a beta-sulfoalanine.
Beta-sulfoalanine is an amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Beta-sulfoalanine occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Uses of Beta-sulfoalanine:
An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate.
Beta-sulfoalanine occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.

Application of Beta-sulfoalanine:
Internal standard for amino acid analysis.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Beta-sulfoalanine:
L-Beta-sulfoalanine is a sulfur containing aspartate analogue that may be used as a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial aspartate: alanine antiporter (AspT) exchange of aspartate and in other aspartate biological systems.
L-Beta-sulfoalanine is used in monomeric surfactant development.

L-Beta-sulfoalanine is an oxidation product of Cysteine.
L-Beta-sulfoalanine, an analogue of cysteine sulfinic acid, may be used in studies of excitatory amino acids in the brain, such as those that bind to cysteine sulfinic acid receptors.
L-Beta-sulfoalanine is a useful agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).

Beta-sulfoalanine is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate group.

KEYWORDS:
498-40-8, 207-861-3, Cysteic Acid, 3-Sulfoalanine, DL-CYSTEIC ACID, 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid, A3OGP4C37W, CHEBI:21260, UNII-A3OGP4C37W, cysteinsaure

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Beta-sulfoalanine:

Human Metabolite Information:

Cellular Locations:
Mitochondria

Handling and storage of Beta-sulfoalanine:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 11: Combustible Solids

Stability and reactivity of Beta-sulfoalanine:

Reactivity:

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Beta-sulfoalanine is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

First aid measures of Beta-sulfoalanine:

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

Firefighting measures of Beta-sulfoalanine:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Beta-sulfoalanine no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Beta-sulfoalanine:
Carbon oxides
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Sulfur oxides
Combustible.

Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Beta-sulfoalanine:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid inhalation of dusts.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.

Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.

Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Identifiers of Beta-sulfoalanine:
CAS Number:
13100-82-8 (D/L)
35554-98-4 (D)
498-40-8 (L)

ChEBI: CHEBI:17285
ChemSpider: 65718
DrugBank: DB03661
ECHA InfoCard: 100.265.539
EC Number: 207-861-3
MeSH: Cysteic+acid
PubChem CID: 25701

UNII:
A3OGP4C37W (D/L)
YWB11Z1XEI (D)
M6W2DJ6N5K (L)

CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID40862048
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
Key: XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-REOHCLBHSA-N
InChI=1/C3H7NO5S/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
SMILES: C(C(C(=O)O)N)S(=O)(=O)O

Synonym(s): (R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropionic acid
Linear Formula: HO3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H·H2O
CAS Number: 23537-25-9
Molecular Weight: 187.17
Beilstein: 3714036
MDL number: MFCD00149544
PubChem Substance ID: 24858207
NACRES: NA.26

CAS: 498-40-8
Molecular Formula: C3H7NO5S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.15
MDL Number: MFCD00007524
InChI Key: XVOYSCVBGLVSOL-UHFFFAOYNA-N
PubChem CID: 72886
ChEBI: CHEBI:17285
IUPAC Name: 2-amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid
SMILES: NC(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O

Properties of Beta-sulfoalanine:
Chemical formula: C3H7NO5S
Molar mass: 169.15 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals or powder
Melting point: Decomposes around 272 °C
Solubility in water: Soluble

Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99.0% (T)
form: powder or crystals
optical activity: [α]20/D +7.5±0.5°, c = 5% in H2O
technique(s): LC/MS: suitable
color: white to faint yellow
mp: 267 °C (dec.) (lit.)
solubility: H2O: soluble
application(s): peptide synthesis
SMILES string: [H]O[H].N[C@@H](CS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C3H7NO5S.H2O/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10(7,8)9;/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9);1H2/t2-;/m0./s1
InChI key: PCPIXZZGBZWHJO-DKWTVANSSA-N

Molecular Weight: 169.16 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -4.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 169.00449350 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 169.00449350 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 126Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 214
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Beta-sulfoalanine:
Color: White
Quantity: 1 g
Formula Weight: 169.15
Percent Purity: ≥98.0% (T)
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: L-Cysteic Acid

Related Products of Beta-sulfoalanine:
(R)-(-)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol
(R)-(+)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester
[2R-[2a,6a,7b(R*)]]-7-[[[[(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]amino]phenylacetyl]amino]-3-methylene-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-2-carboxylic Acid 5-Oxide
(S)-4',7-Dimethyl Equol
(3a'R,4'S,5'S,6a'S)-5'-[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]hexahydro-N-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl]-5,5-dimethyl-spiro[1,3-dioxane-2,2'(1'H)-pentalene]-4'-carboxamide

Names of Beta-sulfoalanine:

IUPAC name:
(R)-2-Amino-3-sulfopropanoic acid

Regulatory process names:
L-cysteic acid
L-cysteic acid

Other names:
3-Sulfo-l-alanine

Other identifiers:
498-40-8

Cacao butter, Theobroma cacao seed butter, Cas : 8002-31-1 / 84649-99-0 ,EC : 283-480-6, kakao, kakao yağı, kakao öl, cacao öl

synonyme : Shea butter, Inci : Butyrospermum parkii butter, Cas : 194043-92-0 / 91080-23-8, EC : 293-515-7, Fats and Glyceridic oils, shea butter. Le beurre de karité est une huile végétale, une substance comestible extraite des fruits du karité, un arbre poussant principalement dans les savanes arborées de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, centrale et de l'Est, et dont le nom signifie « vie » en langue mandingue. Le beurre de karité est principalement consommé dans la cuisine traditionnelle ou utilisé dans l'industrie du chocolat en Europe comme substitut au beurre de cacao. Il est surtout connu en Afrique, en Europe et aux États-Unis pour ses propriétés cosmétiques assouplissantes et nourissantes pour la peau. Ses propriétés font qu'il entre aujourd'hui dans la composition de nombreux produits cosmétiques et aussi pharmaceutiques.Le beurre de karité contient cinq principaux acides gras (triacylglycérides) : l'acide palmitique, stéarique, oléique, linoléique, et arachidique. Parmi ceux-ci, les acides stéarique et oléique atteignent environ 85 à 90 %, selon les provenances. Acide oléique (40-60 %) ; Acide stéarique (20-50 %) ; Acide linolénique (3-11 %) ; Acide palmitique (2-9 %) ; Acide linoléique (< 1 %) ; Acide arachidique (< 1 %). La proportion relative des acides stéarique et oléique influence la consistance du beurre. L'acide stéarique donne une consistance solide, tandis que l'acide oléique donne une consistance molle ou même liquide. Le beurre de karité est considéré comme une graisse saine. 90 % de la production mondiale de beurre de karité sont à destination alimentaire principalement dans l'industrie du chocolat et autres confiseries. En particulier en Europe (et non pas aux Etats-Unis), ce beurre « est utilisé comme substitut au beurre de cacao en raison des propriétés physiques et chimiques similaires pour l'enrobage des chocolats et des bonbons, pour modifier les points de fusion ou créer des textures prisées par les consommateurs ». Il entre également dans la composition de biscuits et pâtes feuilletées pour les humains mais aussi comme élément dans l'alimentation fourragère pour les animaux. Localement, on l'utilise comme un beurre classique ou une huile comestible de friture en cuisine ou ajouté aux sauces comme liant et pour en modifier le goût. Il présente l'avantage de se conserver sans agent de conservation grâce à ses quantités relativement importantes d'insaponifiables (4-11%) et tocophérols qui permettent d'assurer la stabilité aux huiles et graisses

Pycnanthus angolensis seed butter

Pentadesma butyracea seed butter, Cas : 94349-99-2, EC : 305-217-7

Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid)); BHMTPMP;BHMT;BHMTPh.PN(Nax);Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid));PARTIALLY NEUTRALISED SODIUM SALT OF BIS HEXAMETHYLENE;Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid)) BHMTPMP CAS NO:34690-00-1

Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid)); BHMTPMP;BHMT;BHMTPh.PN(Nax);Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid));PARTIALLY NEUTRALISED SODIUM SALT OF BIS HEXAMETHYLENE;Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid)) BHMTPMP CAS NO:34690-00-1

BHMTPMPA, BHMT, Bis(HexaMethylene Triamine Penta (Methylene Phosphonic Acid)), Dequest 2090, Gyptron KT-252, Mayoquest 1900. cas :34690-00-1

Butylated hydroxytoluene; BHT; 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol; Ionol; 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol (Czech); 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylhydroxybenzene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; 4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene; 4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol (Czech); 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol; 4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol; Alkofen BP; Antioxidant 264; Antioxidant 29; Antioxidant 30; Antioxidant 4; Antioxidant 4K; Antioxidant DBPC; Antioxidant KB; Antox QT; Butylated hydroxytoluol; Butylhydroxytoluene; Butylohydroksytoluenu (Polish); Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; Dibunol; Dibutylated hydroxytoluene; Impruvol; Stavox; Tonarol; Vulkanox KB; o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-kresol (Dutch) 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cré sol (French) 2,6-di-terc-butil-p-cresol (Spanish) CAS NO: 128-37-0

Butylated hydroxytoluene; BHT; 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol; Ionol; 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol (Czech); 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylhydroxybenzene; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; 4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene; 4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol (Czech); 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol; 4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol; Alkofen BP; Antioxidant 264; Antioxidant 29; Antioxidant 30; Antioxidant 4; Antioxidant 4K; Antioxidant DBPC; Antioxidant KB; Antox QT; Butylated hydroxytoluol; Butylhydroxytoluene; Butylohydroksytoluenu (Polish); Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; Dibunol; Dibutylated hydroxytoluene; Impruvol; Stavox; Tonarol; Vulkanox KB; o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-kresol (Dutch) 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cré sol (French) 2,6-di-terc-butil-p-cresol (Spanish) CAS NO: 128-37-0

BIOTIN, N° CAS : 58-85-5, Nom INCI : BIOTIN, Nom chimique : 1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, [3aS-(3a.alpha.,4.beta.,6a.alpha.)]- N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-399-3, Anti-séborrhée : Aide à contrôler la production de sébum, Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene), also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is widely used to prevent free radical-mediated oxidation in fluids (e.g. fuels, oils) and other materials, and the regulations overseen by the U.S. F.D.A.—which considers BHT to be "generally recognized as safe"—allow small amounts to be added to foods.
Despite BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene), and the earlier determination by the National Cancer Institute that BHT was noncarcinogenic in an animal model, societal concerns over its broad use have been expressed.

CAS: 128-37-0
MF: C15H24O
MW: 220.35
EINECS: 204-881-4

Synonyms
BHT(BAGS);BHTFCC/NF;BHT,GRANULAR,FCC;BHT,GRANULAR,TECHNICAL;BUTYLATEDHYDROXYTOLUENE,GRANULAR,NF;(Z)-retro-αretro-Methyl-αButylated hydroxytoluene Manufacturer;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol;128-37-0;Butylhydroxytoluene;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol;2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol;Ionol;DBPC;Stavox;BHT;Impruvol;Ionol CP;Dalpac;Deenax;Dibunol;Ionole;Kerabit;Topanol;Vianol;Antioxidant KB;Antioxidant 4K;Sumilizer BHT;Topanol O;Topanol OC;Vanlube PC;Antioxidant 29;Antioxidant 30;Antioxidant DBPC
;Sustane BHT;Tenamene 3;Vanlube PCX;Nonox TBC;Tenox BHT;Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-;Chemanox 11;Agidol;Catalin CAO-3;Ionol 1;Advastab 401;3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene;BUKS;Parabar 441;2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol;Antrancine 8;Vulkanox KB;Catalin antioxydant 1;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol;Ionol (antioxidant);Paranox 441;2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol;Antioxidant MPJ;Antioxidant 4;Alkofen BP;AO 4K
;CAO 1;CAO 3;Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol;Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol;Swanox BHT;Antox QT;Tenamen 3;Agidol 1;Antioxidant 264;Bht (food grade);o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol;Antioxidant T 501;Ional;Nocrac 200;AO 29;NCI-C03598;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol;2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol;Dbpc (technical grade);4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene;FEMA No. 2184;4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol;Butylhydroxytoluenum;Di-tert-butylcresol;AOX 4K;Dibutylhydroxytoluene;2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol;Ionol CP-antioxidant;P 21;2,6-DI-T-BUTYL-P-CRESOL;4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol;AOX 4;Butyl hydroxy toluene;CCRIS 103;Popol;HSDB 1147;BHT 264;Bht(food grade);NSC 6347;NSC-6347;4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol;EINECS 204-881-4;Ionol BHT;Ralox BHT;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene
;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol;1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene;MFCD00011644
;2,6-ditertiary-butyl-p-cresol;Dbpc(technical grade);DTXSID2020216;E321;CHEBI:34247
;2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylhydroxybenzene;AI3-19683;p-Cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-;INS-321
;1P9D0Z171K;2,6-bis(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol;2,6-Di-tert-butylcresol;CHEMBL146;Di-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol;DTXCID20216;2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol-d24;INS NO.321;E-321;FEMA 2184;NSC6347;2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol;NCGC00091761-03;Tonarol;1219805-92-1
;Toxolan P;2,6-DI(TERT-BUTYL-D9)-4-METHYLPHENOL-3,5,O-D3;Caswell No. 291A;Annulex BHT;BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUENE (EP MONOGRAPH);BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUENE [EP MONOGRAPH];CAS-128-37-0;Butylohydroksytoluenu;Butylohydroksytoluenu [Polish];Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (VAN);di-tert-butyl-methylphenol;Di tert butyl methylphenol;2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol [Czech];EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 022105

BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has also been postulated as an antiviral drug, but as of December 2022, use of BHT as a drug is not supported by the scientific literature and it has not been approved by any drug regulatory agency for use as an antiviral.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is a synthetic phenolic compound mainly used as an antioxidant and preservative in the food industry.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is used to prevent the lipid oxidation in oils and fat-containing foods.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene toxicity is generally considered as being low.
Since BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is used in many near consumer products population wide exposure is expected.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is a phenolic antioxidant.

BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) can inhibit lipid peroxidation and cause lung injury in mice and promote tumor growth, which may be due to the metabolites of Butylated Hydroxytoluene, 6-tert-butyl-2-[2′-(2′-hydroxymethyl)-propyl]-4-Methylphenol.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) metabolites have also been reported to cause DNA strand breaks in cultured cells and DNA breaks between nucleosomes (a typical feature of apoptosis).
A single intraperitoneal injection of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene)) into rats caused a significant increase in nuclear DNA methyltransferase activity in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, brain, and lung.

The antioxidant BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is contained in food, adhesive glues, industrial oils and greases, including cutting fluids.
Sensitization seems very rare.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is a synthetic antioxidant.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) scavenges peroxide, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; ), superoxide, and ABTS radicals in cell-free assays, as well as inhibits lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid in vitro when used at a concentration of 45 μg/ml.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) reduces freeze-thaw-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) production and increases sperm viability in boar spermatozoa preparations.
Formulations containing BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) have been used as antioxidant cosmetic and food additives.

BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 69-73 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 265 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.048
Vapor density: 7.6 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: 1.4859
FEMA: 2184 | BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE
Fp: 127 °C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility methanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
Form: Crystals
pka: pKa 14(H2O t = 25 c = 0.002 to 0.01) (Uncertain)
Color: white
Odor: faint characteristic odor
Odor Type: phenolic
Water Solubility: insoluble
Merck: 14,1548
BRN: 1911640
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 2 mg/m3
NIOSH: TWA 10 mg/m3
Stability: Stable, but light-sensitive. Incompatible with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, brass, copper, copper alloys, steel, bases, oxidizing agents. Combustible.
InChIKey: NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 5.2
CAS DataBase Reference: 128-37-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene)(128-37-0)
IARC: 3 (Vol. 40, Sup 7) 1987
EPA Substance Registry System: BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) (128-37-0)

BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is white or light yellow crystal.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has a melting point of 71°C, a boiling point of 265°C, a relative density of 1.048 (20/4°C), and a refractive index of 1.4859 (75°C).
Solubility of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) at normal temperature: methanol 25, ethanol 25-26, isopropanol 30, mineral oil 30, acetone 40, petroleum ether 50, benzene 40, lard (40-50°C ) 40-50, corn oil and soybean oil 40-50.

BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is insoluble in water, 10NaOH solution, glycerol, and propylene glycol.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is odorless, odorless with good thermal stability.
BHA and BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) are monohydric phenolic antioxidants that, prior to their introduction and acceptance in the food industry, were used to protect petroleum against oxidative degumming.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has a very faint, musty, occasional cresylictype odor.
BHA and BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) are extensively used in foods as antioxidants.
Most fats, oils and fat-containing foods are naturally susceptible to rapid rancification and other oxidative reactions that produce compounds having objectionable taste and odor, making foods containing them unpalatable.

Lipid oxidation is autocatalytic and proceeds as a complex of chain reactions, the nature and speed of which vary with the substrate, temperature, light, availability of oxygen and presence or absence of oxidation catalysts.
Antioxidants like BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) act as “chain breaks” in the autooxidation processes under the usual conditions of processing, storage and use of fat-containing foods.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid or powder.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) occurs as a white or pale yellow crystalline solid or powder with a faint characteristic phenolic odor.

Reactions
The species behaves as a synthetic analog of vitamin E, primarily acting as a terminating agent that suppresses autoxidation, a process whereby unsaturated (usually) organic compounds are attacked by atmospheric oxygen.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) stops this autocatalytic reaction by converting peroxy radicals to hydroperoxides.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) effects this function by donating a hydrogen atom:

RO2• + ArOH → ROOH + ArO•
RO2• + ArO• → nonradical products
where R is alkyl or aryl, and where ArOH is BHT or related phenolic antioxidants.
Each BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) consumes two peroxy radicals.

Application from Literature
The applications of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) have been reported as following:
• BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) metabolites causing DNA strand breaks in cultured cells and DNA breaks between nucleosomes (a typical feature of apoptosis), which result in relieving inflammation.
• Inhibiting secretion, aggregation, and protein phosphorylation caused by protein kinase C activators at the process of the pre-incubation of aspirin-treated platelets.
• Inhibiting liver cancer formation induced by aflatoxin B1.
• As Michael receptor, butylated hydroxytoluene can react with uninucleophiles and proteins.
• Reaction of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol with fluorine (II) - benzophenone dianion complex.
• Food additive 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol can promote acute lung toxicity and tumor growth in mice.
• BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) can be used to prepare organoaluminum compound methylaluminum bis (2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-alkylphenol oxide).

Uses
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has wide application, such as flavors, fragrances, biochemical reagents-other chemical reagents, chemical raw materials, organic chemical raw materials, biochemical, inorganic salts, antioxidants, food additives, feed additives, feed storage additives, aromatic hydrocarbons, bulk drugs and so on.
As a phenolic antioxidant, BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) can inhibit lipid peroxidation and exhibit electrophilic quinone methyl ether toxicity mediated by oxidative metabolism.
The BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) metabolites, 6-tert-butyl-2- [2 ′-(2′-hydroxymethyl) -propyl] -4-methylphenol, may cause lung damage in mice and promote tumor growth.

Because they prevent rancidity, antioxidants are of great interest to the food industry.
For example, BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and EDTA are frequently used to preserve various foods, such as cheese or fried products.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is a powerful inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, yet large doses of it can induce oxidative DNA damage and cancer development in the rat forestomach.
Antioxidant for food, animal feed, petroleum products, synthetic rubbers, plastics, animal and vegetable oils, soaps. Antiskinning agent in paints and inks.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) as general antioxidants is used widely in polymer materials, petroleum products and food processing industries.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is commonly used rubber antioxidant, heat, oxygen aging have some protective effect, but also can inhibit copper harm.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) does not change color, not pollution.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) high solubility in oil, no precipitation, less volatile, non-toxic and non-corrosive.

BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is also known as butylated hydroxy toluene.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is an anti-oxidant that also has preservative and masking capabilities.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is an antioxidant that functions similarly to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) but is less stable at high temperatures.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is also termed 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol.
A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is listed by the NIH Hazardous Substances Data Bank under several categories in catalogues and databases, such as food additive, household product ingredient, industrial additive, personal care product/cosmetic ingredient, pesticide ingredient, plastic/rubber ingredient and medical/veterinary/research.

Food additive
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive.
In the United States, BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) based on a National Cancer Institute study from 1979 in rats and mice.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is permitted in the European Union under E321.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is used as a preservative ingredient in some foods.
With this usage BHT maintains freshness or prevents spoilage; it may be used to decrease the rate at which the texture, color, or flavor of food changes.
Some food companies have voluntarily eliminated BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) from their products or have announced that they were going to phase it out.

Antioxidant
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is also used as an antioxidant in products such as metalworking fluids, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, transformer oils, and embalming fluid.
In the petroleum industry, where BHT is known as the fuel additive AO-29, BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is used in hydraulic fluids, turbine and gear oils, and jet fuels.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is also used to prevent peroxide formation in organic ethers and other solvents and laboratory chemicals.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is added to certain monomers as a polymerisation inhibitor to facilitate their safe storage.
Some additive products contain BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) as their primary ingredient, while others contain the chemical merely as a component of their formulation, sometimes alongside butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).

Cosmetics
The European Union restricts the use of BHT in mouthwash to 0.001% concentration, in toothpaste to 0.01% concentration, and to 0.8% in other cosmetics.

Pharmaceutical Applications
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is used as an antioxidant in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is mainly used to delay or prevent the oxidative rancidity of fats and oils and to prevent loss of activity of oil-soluble vitamins.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is also used at 0.5–1.0% w/w concentration in natural or synthetic rubber to provide enhanced color stability.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has some antiviral activity and has been used therapeutically to treat herpes simplex labialis.

Preparation
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is produced commercially by the alkylation of para-cresol with isobutylene.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is also produced by several western European manufacturers, production/processing plants in Germany, France, the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Spain.

Production
Industrial production
The chemical synthesis of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) in industry has involved the reaction of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene), catalyzed by sulfuric acid:

CH3(C6H4)OH + 2 CH2=C(CH3)2 → ((CH3)3C)2CH3C6H2OH
Alternatively, BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has been prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation followed by hydrogenolysis.

Reactivity Profile
Phenols, such as 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, do not behave as organic alcohols, as one might guess from the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) group in their structure.
Instead, they react as weak organic acids.
Phenols and cresols are much weaker as acids than common carboxylic acids (phenol has Ka = 1.3 x 10^).
These materials are incompatible with strong reducing substances such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides.
Flammable gas (H2) is often generated, and the heat of the reaction may ignite the gas.
Heat is also generated by the acid-base reaction between phenols and bases.

Such heating may initiate polymerization of the organic compound.
Phenols are sulfonated very readily (for example, by concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature).
The reactions generate heat.
Phenols are also nitrated very rapidly, even by dilute nitric acid.
Nitrated phenols often explode when heated.
Many of them form metal salts that tend toward detonation by rather mild shock.
May react with oxidizing materials.

Biochem/physiol Actions
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) is a phenolic antioxidant.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) causes lung injury and promotes tumors in mice, but this may be due to a metabolite of Butylated Hydroxytoluene, 6-tert-butyl-2-[2′-(2′-hydroxymethyl)-propyl]-4-methylphenol.
Metabolites of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) have also been reported to induce DNA strand breaks and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (a characteristic of apoptosis) in cultured cells.
In rats, a single intraperitoneal injection of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) results in a significant increase in nuclear DNA methyl transferase activity in the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, brain and lungs.
Incubation of alveolar macrophages with BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) significantly reduced the level of TNF-α which may explain the mechanism by which this antioxidant reduces inflammation.
Preincubation of aspirin-treated platelets with BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) inhibits the secretion, aggregation, and protein phosphorylation induced by protein kinase C activators.
BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) was also found to inhibit the initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis by aflatoxin B1.

Health effects
This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
Like many closely related phenol antioxidants, BHT has low acute toxicity (e.g., the desmethyl analog of BHT, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, has an LD50 of >9 g/kg).
The US Food and Drug Administration classifies BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food preservative when used in an approved manner.
In 1979, the National Cancer Institute determined that BHT was noncarcinogenic in a mouse model.

Nevertheless, the World Health Organization discussed a possible link between BHT and cancer risk in 1986, and some primary research studies in the 1970s–1990s reported both potential for increased risk and potential for decreased risk in the area of oncology.
Because of this uncertainty, the Center for Science in the Public Interest puts BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) in its "caution" column and recommends avoiding it.

Based on various, disparate primary research reports, BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) has been suggested to have anti-viral activity, and the reports divide into various study types.
First, there are studies that describe virus inactivation—where treatment with the chemical results in disrupted or otherwise inactivated virus particles.
The action of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) in these is akin to the action of many other organic compounds, e.g., quaternary ammonium compounds, phenolics, and detergents, which disrupt viruses by insertion of the chemical into the virus membrane, coat, or other structure, which are established methods of viral disinfection secondary to methods of chemical oxidation and UV irradiation.
In addition, there is a report of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) use, topically against genital herpes lesions, a report of inhibitory activity in vitro against pseudorabies (in cell culture), and two studies, in veterinary contexts, of use of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) to attempt to protect against virus exposure (pseudorabies in mouse and swine, and Newcastle in chickens).

The relevance of other reports, regarding influenza in mice, is not easily discerned.
Notably, this series of primary research reports does not support a general conclusion of independent confirmation of the original research results, nor are there critical reviews appearing thereafter, in secondary sources, for the various host-virus systems studied with BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene).
Hence, at present, the results do not present a scientific consensus in favour of the conclusion of the general antiviral potential of BHT when dosed in humans.
Moreover, as of March 2020, no guidance from any of the internationally recognized associations of infectious disease specialists had advocated use of BHT antioxidant (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) products as an antiviral therapy or prophylactic.

BHT Antioxidant, which stands for butylated hydroxytoluene, is a synthetic antioxidant that is commonly used as a food additive and in various industrial applications.
BHT Antioxidant belongs to the class of compounds known as phenolic compounds and is specifically categorized as a synthetic phenolic antioxidant.
BHT Antioxidant is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used in various industries.
Known by its abbreviation BHT, it is a white, crystalline powder with a mild characteristic odor.

CAS Number: 128-37-0
EC Number: 204-881-4



APPLICATIONS


BHT Antioxidant is widely used in the food industry as an antioxidant to prevent the oxidation of fats and oils in processed foods.
In the cosmetic and personal care industry, BHT is added to skincare products to enhance their stability and prolong shelf life.
The pharmaceutical industry utilizes BHT Antioxidant as a stabilizer for drugs and vitamins that are susceptible to oxidative degradation.

BHT Antioxidant is commonly found in industrial lubricants, where it helps maintain the quality and performance of oils under various conditions.
BHT Antioxidant plays a crucial role in preserving the stability of hydraulic fluids, ensuring the efficient operation of machinery.
BHT is incorporated into jet fuels to prevent oxidation and enhance the safety and performance of aviation fuels.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the production of transformer oils to protect electrical transformers from oxidative damage.

In the rubber and plastics industry, BHT acts as a stabilizer, preventing the degradation of materials exposed to oxygen and UV radiation.
BHT Antioxidant is added to adhesives and sealants to maintain their integrity and prevent oxidative breakdown over time.
BHT Antioxidant serves as an antioxidant in the preservation of artworks and artifacts, protecting them from environmental damage.

BHT Antioxidant is applied in the agricultural sector as a preservative for certain pesticides and herbicides to extend their shelf life.
BHT Antioxidant finds use in the petroleum and petrochemical industries to protect polymers and fuels from degradation during storage and transportation.

BHT Antioxidant is incorporated into the manufacturing of plastics, contributing to the durability and longevity of plastic products.
BHT Antioxidant is utilized in the production of synthetic materials where resistance to oxidation and stability are essential.
BHT Antioxidant is employed as a stabilizer in the production of synthetic rubbers, ensuring their resilience and longevity.
In the automotive industry, BHT is used in engine oils to protect critical components from oxidative damage.
BHT Antioxidant is added to industrial coatings and paints to enhance their resistance to environmental factors such as UV radiation.

BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of printing inks, contributing to their stability and preventing color degradation.
BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the formulation of plastics used in electrical equipment, preventing degradation from heat and oxidation.

BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of cutting fluids and metalworking fluids, maintaining their effectiveness over time.
BHT Antioxidant is added to synthetic and natural waxes to prevent them from undergoing oxidative changes.

BHT Antioxidant is utilized in the production of fuel additives to improve the stability and performance of fuels.
In the textile industry, BHT is used as an antioxidant in the processing of textiles to prevent fiber degradation.
BHT Antioxidant is applied in the formulation of rust inhibitors to protect metal surfaces from corrosion caused by oxidation.
BHT Antioxidant's versatility in preventing oxidation makes it a valuable component in a wide range of industrial applications, contributing to the longevity and stability of various materials.

BHT Antioxidant is commonly used in the manufacturing of plastics and resins to prevent the oxidative degradation of these materials during processing and storage.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the production of synthetic and natural rubber products, where it acts as an antioxidant to maintain their integrity and prevent cracking.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the preservation of leather and leather products, protecting them from deterioration due to exposure to air and light.
BHT Antioxidant is added to printing and copying inks to prevent the ink from undergoing color changes and degradation over time.

BHT Antioxidant is used in the formulation of cutting fluids and metalworking fluids, providing stability and preventing rancidity.
In the petroleum industry, BHT is added to lubricating oils to extend their service life and enhance their resistance to oxidation.
BHT Antioxidant is utilized in the preservation of certain adhesives and sealants, ensuring their long-term performance.

BHT Antioxidant is applied in the formulation of pesticide formulations to prevent the degradation of active ingredients and improve efficacy.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the production of candles to prevent the oxidation and discoloration of wax.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of fragrance oils and perfumes, preventing them from turning rancid.
In the production of rubber and latex gloves, BHT is used to maintain the elasticity and prevent premature aging of the materials.
BHT Antioxidant is added to polyurethane foams and elastomers to prevent oxidative degradation and maintain their physical properties.

BHT Antioxidant is employed in the preservation of electronic components and circuit boards, protecting them from environmental stress.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the formulation of metalworking coolants to prevent the growth of microorganisms and maintain fluid stability.
BHT Antioxidant is added to plastic packaging materials to prevent oxidation and maintain the freshness of packaged goods.

BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of leather goods, such as shoes and handbags, preventing deterioration from exposure to air and light.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the production of inkjet printer inks to prevent clogging and maintain print quality.

BHT Antioxidant is applied in the preservation of certain natural and synthetic fibers used in textiles to prevent degradation.
BHT Antioxidant finds use in the formulation of cutting-edge materials such as nanocomposites, enhancing their stability and longevity.
BHT Antioxidant is added to automotive fluids, including transmission fluids and brake fluids, to prevent oxidation and maintain performance.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the preservation of archival materials, including documents and manuscripts, protecting them from deterioration.

BHT Antioxidant finds application in the production of corrosion inhibitors, preventing the oxidation of metals and alloys.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the formulation of industrial coatings to enhance their resistance to environmental factors.
In the construction industry, BHT Antioxidant is applied in the preservation of certain construction materials, such as sealants and adhesives.
BHT Antioxidant is utilized in the preservation of wooden products and furniture finishes, preventing oxidative damage and discoloration.

BHT Antioxidant is commonly included in the formulation of engine oils and lubricants to protect critical components from oxidative stress and extend the lifespan of the lubricant.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of cutting tools and metal parts, preventing corrosion and maintaining their integrity.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the production of foam rubber products, including mattresses and cushions, to enhance their resistance to oxidation and degradation.

BHT Antioxidant is added to industrial paints and coatings to improve their durability and protect surfaces from environmental factors such as UV radiation.
BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of ink cartridges in printers, preventing the ink from drying out and maintaining print quality.

In the manufacturing of electronic devices, BHT is used to protect sensitive components from oxidation and ensure their long-term functionality.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of photographic films and papers, preventing degradation over time.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the formulation of metal cleaners and polishes, providing protection against tarnishing and corrosion.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the production of synthetic fuels to enhance their stability and prevent degradation during storage and transportation.

BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of natural and synthetic waxes used in candles, ensuring their resistance to oxidation and discoloration.
BHT Antioxidant is added to the formulation of printing blankets in the printing industry to prevent oxidation and maintain printing quality.
BHT Antioxidant is utilized in the preservation of certain types of wood finishes and varnishes, preventing discoloration and degradation.

In the production of polymeric materials, such as PVC, BHT is incorporated to enhance stability and resist degradation caused by exposure to heat and light.
BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of certain agricultural products, including seeds and fertilizers, preventing deterioration during storage.

BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of insulation materials for wires and cables, ensuring long-term electrical performance.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of rubber gaskets and seals, preventing cracking and loss of elasticity.
BHT Antioxidant is added to the formulation of inkjet printer cartridges to prevent the ink from drying out and ensure reliable printing.

BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of museum artifacts, protecting them from environmental factors that can cause deterioration.
In the aerospace industry, BHT is used in the formulation of lubricants and hydraulic fluids to prevent oxidation and ensure optimal performance.

BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of plastic films and sheets, enhancing their resistance to environmental factors and preventing brittleness.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of archival photographs, preventing fading and deterioration over time.
BHT Antioxidant is added to the formulation of synthetic fibers used in textiles to enhance their resistance to sunlight and environmental stress.

BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of specialty chemicals, ensuring their stability and effectiveness.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of heat transfer fluids, preventing oxidation and ensuring efficient heat exchange.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of industrial greases and metalworking compounds, preventing degradation and maintaining lubrication properties.

BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of petrochemical products, including fuels and lubricants, to prevent degradation during storage and transportation.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of hydraulic fluids, ensuring the stability and performance of hydraulic systems.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the formulation of heat transfer fluids for solar collectors and industrial processes, preventing oxidation and maintaining efficiency.
BHT Antioxidant is added to the production of synthetic rubber tires, enhancing their resistance to aging and environmental factors.

BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of industrial cutting fluids, preventing microbial growth and degradation.
BHT Antioxidant is utilized in the production of plastic and rubber conveyor belts, enhancing their durability and resistance to environmental stress.

In the paper and pulp industry, BHT is used as an antioxidant in the production of paper products to prevent deterioration.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of lubricating greases, ensuring long-term performance and preventing oxidation.
BHT Antioxidant is added to the formulation of ink for ballpoint pens, preventing the ink from drying out and ensuring smooth writing.

BHT Antioxidant is employed in the preservation of leather conditioning products, preventing rancidity and degradation.
BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of synthetic and natural waxes used in the production of crayons, ensuring color stability.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of cutting-edge materials like carbon nanotubes, preventing oxidation and maintaining their properties.

In the manufacturing of plastic pipes and tubing, BHT is incorporated to resist degradation from exposure to sunlight and environmental factors.
BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of industrial coolants, preventing microbial contamination and degradation.

BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of automotive coatings to enhance their resistance to weathering and maintain appearance.
BHT Antioxidant is used in the preservation of certain metalworking compounds, preventing oxidation and maintaining efficacy.
BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of silicone-based sealants and adhesives, preventing degradation and ensuring bonding performance.

BHT Antioxidant is added to the formulation of ink for flexographic printing to prevent drying and maintain print quality.
In the manufacturing of molded plastics, BHT is incorporated to resist degradation during processing and exposure.

BHT Antioxidant finds application in the preservation of industrial solvents, preventing oxidation and maintaining solvent quality.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of anti-aging skincare products, preventing the oxidation of oils and maintaining product stability.
BHT Antioxidant plays a role in the preservation of polyurethane foam used in furniture, preventing degradation and maintaining resilience.

BHT Antioxidant is used in the formulation of ink for screen printing, preventing drying and ensuring consistent print quality.
BHT Antioxidant is added to the preservation of certain explosives, preventing degradation during storage.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of plastic containers for cosmetics, enhancing their resistance to environmental factors and maintaining product integrity.



DESCRIPTION


BHT Antioxidant, which stands for butylated hydroxytoluene, is a synthetic antioxidant that is commonly used as a food additive and in various industrial applications.
BHT Antioxidant belongs to the class of compounds known as phenolic compounds and is specifically categorized as a synthetic phenolic antioxidant.

BHT Antioxidant is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used in various industries.
Known by its abbreviation BHT, it is a white, crystalline powder with a mild characteristic odor.
BHT Antioxidant belongs to the class of phenolic antioxidants, exhibiting strong free radical scavenging properties.

BHT Antioxidant is highly soluble in organic solvents, making it versatile in formulations.
BHT Antioxidant is utilized extensively in the food industry to prevent the oxidative deterioration of fats and oils in products like snacks and cereals.
As a synthetic phenol, BHT Antioxidant is employed to extend the shelf life of packaged foods by inhibiting lipid oxidation.

Its antioxidant properties make it a popular additive in cosmetics, preserving the stability of various formulations.
BHT Antioxidant is often included in skincare and personal care products to prevent the degradation of oils and fats.

In the pharmaceutical industry, BHT is used as a stabilizer for drugs and vitamins sensitive to oxidation.
The chemical structure of BHT includes a butyl group attached to a phenol ring, contributing to its antioxidant activity.

BHT Antioxidant is recognized for its effectiveness in preventing the formation of free radicals, which can lead to oxidative stress.
BHT Antioxidant has a role in protecting rubber and plastics from degradation caused by exposure to oxygen and UV radiation.
BHT Antioxidant is employed in the production of synthetic materials where oxidative stability is crucial, such as adhesives and sealants.
Due to its ability to scavenge free radicals, BHT is considered a valuable tool in the preservation of certain artworks and artifacts.

The antioxidant function of BHT helps maintain the quality and stability of lubricants used in machinery and engines.
BHT Antioxidant has a diverse range of applications, including its use in hydraulic fluids, jet fuels, and transformer oils.
BHT Antioxidant is known for its low volatility, which contributes to its effectiveness in high-temperature applications.

In the field of petrochemicals, BHT is employed to protect polymers and fuels from degradation during storage and transportation.
BHT Antioxidant's stability under various conditions makes it a reliable choice for applications where resistance to heat and oxidation is crucial.

Despite its widespread use, there have been discussions and studies regarding potential health concerns associated with high doses of BHT.
BHT Antioxidant has a long history of use, with its antioxidant properties first discovered in the mid-20th century.

BHT Antioxidant is listed on regulatory-approved lists for use in food and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used within specified limits.
Its versatility extends to the agricultural sector, where it is used as a preservative for certain pesticides and herbicides.
BHT Antioxidant's role as a stabilizer in the manufacturing of plastics contributes to the durability and longevity of plastic products.
While BHT Antioxidant is a valuable tool in preventing oxidative degradation, its use is subject to regulatory guidelines and specific safety considerations.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C15H24O
Molecular Weight: 220.36 g/mol
Physical State: Solid
Color: White to slightly yellow
Odor: Mild characteristic odor
Melting Point: Approximately 70-73 °C (158-163 °F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Solubility in Other Solvents: Soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, ethanol, and ethyl acetate.
Density: Approximately 1.048 g/cm³ at 25 °C (77 °F)


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Structure: BHT is a derivative of phenol with a butyl group attached to two adjacent carbon atoms on the phenol ring.
Functional Group: Phenolic antioxidant
Stability: BHT is stable under normal conditions but may decompose at elevated temperatures.
Reactivity: Exhibits antioxidant activity by donating hydrogen atoms to free radicals.
Acidity/Basicity: BHT is neutral in pH.


Thermal Properties:

Melting Range: Approximately 70-73 °C (158-163 °F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Flash Point: Not applicable (BHT is not considered flammable)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If inhaled, immediately move the person to fresh air to avoid further exposure.

Provide Artificial Respiration:
If the person is not breathing and trained to do so, provide artificial respiration.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention, especially if respiratory irritation or distress persists.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Quickly and gently remove any contaminated clothing, shoes, or accessories.

Wash Skin Thoroughly:
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.

Seek Medical Attention:
If irritation, redness, or other adverse reactions occur, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes with Water:
Immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If applicable, remove contact lenses after the initial flushing and continue rinsing.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or other eye-related symptoms persist.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse Mouth:
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention.
Provide medical personnel with information about the ingested substance.


General First Aid Measures:

Notes to Physician:
Provide the treating physician with information about the chemical and the circumstances of exposure.

Treatment of Symptoms:
Treat symptoms based on the individual's condition, and provide supportive care as necessary.

Transport to Medical Facility:
If exposure is significant or if symptoms are severe, transport the affected person to a medical facility promptly.

Monitoring:
Monitor the affected individual for any delayed or secondary health effects.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and protective eyewear, when handling BHT to prevent skin contact and eye exposure.

Ventilation:
Use adequate ventilation, such as local exhaust, to minimize the risk of inhalation exposure.
Ensure good general ventilation in the work area.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid skin contact and inhalation of vapors or dust.
Minimize exposure by using engineering controls and proper work practices.

Prevent Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling BHT.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling to prevent accidental ingestion.

Storage Compatibility:
Store BHT away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases.
Check the compatibility of storage containers and equipment.

Static Electricity:
Take precautions to prevent the buildup of static electricity.
Ground equipment and containers during transfer operations to minimize the risk of static discharge.

Handling Procedures:
Follow established handling procedures and work practices.
Adhere to safety guidelines provided by the manufacturer or regulatory authorities.

Emergency Response:
Be familiar with emergency response procedures in case of spills, leaks, or other incidents.
Have appropriate spill control measures and emergency equipment available.

Training:
Ensure that personnel handling BHT are adequately trained in its safe handling, including the use of PPE and emergency response procedures.

Monitor Exposure:
Implement monitoring programs to assess potential exposure levels in the workplace.
Adjust control measures as needed to maintain safe conditions.


Storage:

Store in Cool, Well-Ventilated Area:
Store BHT in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Maintain storage temperatures within specified ranges.

Keep Containers Closed:
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and minimize exposure to air.

Separation from Incompatibles:
Store BHT away from incompatible materials.
Clearly label storage areas to identify the nature of the stored substances.

Avoid Contamination:
Prevent contamination by storing BHT separately from other chemicals and ensuring that storage containers are clean and free of residues.

Control Humidity:
Control humidity levels in storage areas to prevent the formation of clumps or lumps in the BHT powder.

Storage Containers:
Use appropriate storage containers made of materials compatible with BHT.
Check the condition of containers regularly to ensure integrity.

Inert Gas Blanketing (Optional):
In cases where BHT is particularly sensitive to oxidation, consider using inert gas blanketing in storage containers to minimize exposure to air.

Secure Storage:
Securely store containers to prevent accidental spills or tipping.
Use appropriate storage racks or shelves.

Emergency Response Equipment:
Have appropriate emergency response equipment, such as spill containment materials and fire extinguishing equipment, readily available in storage areas.

Regular Inspections:
Conduct regular inspections of storage areas to identify and address any potential issues promptly.



SYNONYMS


Butylhydroxytoluene
Butylhydroxytoluol
BHT Antioxidant
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
Tert-Butyl-4-hydroxytoluene
DBPC (Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol)
E321 (used as an additive in the food industry)
2,6-di-tert-Butyl-p-cresol
Antracine 8
Ionol CP
Aerosol OT
Agidol
Fenol Stop
Antracine 8
Anderol 305
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol
Ionol
Alkanox 240
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene
Vanlube 81
Topanol A
Anderol 306
Ionox 330
Anderol 308
Ionol CP (Antioxidant used in the food industry)
Sustane
Tenox BHT
2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol
Antracine 8 (E 321)
Fenolit
Antioxidant 264
Ethanox 330
Topanol A (BHT)
Butylated Hydroxy Toluene
Ionol k
Dibunol
DBPC (Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol)
Kunstopal
Santowhite Powder
Anderol 305 (BHT)
Ionol 330
Vanlube RI-A
Butylhydroxytoluol
Vulkanox DHT
Naugard BHT
Chinox BHT
Polygard BHT
Antioxidant 10
Santowhite
2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol

DESCRIPTION:
BHT Butylhydroxytoluol, also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties.
BHT Butylhydroxytoluol is widely used to prevent free radical-mediated oxidation in fluids (e.g. fuels, oils) and other materials, and the regulations overseen by the U.S. F.D.A.—which considers BHT to be "generally recognized as safe"—allow small amounts to be added to foods.


CAS Number, 128-37-0
EC Number, 204-881-4
IUPAC name: 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol


SYNONYMS OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol,2,6-DI-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene,DBPC,BHT,E321,AO-29,Avox BHT,Additin RC 7110,Dibutylated hydroxytoluene,4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol,3,5-(Dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxytoluene,2,6 Di t butyl 4 methylphenol,2,6 Di tert butyl 4 methylphenol,2,6 Di tert butyl p cresol,2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol,2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol,2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol,4 Methyl 2,6 ditertbutylphenol,4-Methyl-2,6-ditertbutylphenol,BHT,Butylated Hydroxytoluene,Butylhydroxytoluene,Di tert butyl methylphenol,di-tert-butyl-methylphenol,Dibunol,Hydroxytoluene, Butylated,Ionol,Ionol (BHT),2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,128-37-0,Butylhydroxytoluene,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol,2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol,Ionol,DBPC,Stavox,BHT,Impruvol,Ionol CP,Dalpac,Deenax,Dibunol,Ionole,Kerabit,Topanol,Vianol,Antioxidant KB,Antioxidant 4K,Sumilizer BHT,Topanol O,Topanol OC,Vanlube PC,Antioxidant 29,Antioxidant 30,Antioxidant DBPC,Sustane BHT,Tenamene 3,Vanlube PCX,Nonox TBC,Tenox BHT,Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-,Chemanox 11,Agidol,Catalin CAO-3,Ionol 1,Advastab 401,3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene,BUKS,Parabar 441,Antrancine 8,Vulkanox KB,Catalin antioxydant 1,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol,2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol,Ionol (antioxidant),Paranox 441,2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol,Antioxidant MPJ,Antioxidant 4,Alkofen BP,AO 4K,CAO 1,CAO 3,Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol,Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol,Swanox BHT,Antox QT,Tenamen 3,Agidol 1,Antioxidant 264,Bht (food grade),o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol,Antioxidant T 501,Ional,Nocrac 200,AO 29,NCI-C03598,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol,2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol,Dbpc (technical grade),4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene,FEMA No. 2184,4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol,Butylhydroxytoluenum,Di-tert-butylcresol,AOX 4K,Dibutylhydroxytoluene,2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol,Ionol CP-antioxidant,P 21,2,6-DI-T-BUTYL-P-CRESOL,4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol,AOX 4,Butyl hydroxy toluene,CCRIS 103,Popol,HSDB 1147,BHT 264,Bht(food grade),NSC 6347,NSC-6347,4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. Butylfenol,EINECS 204-881-4,Ionol BHT,Ralox BHT,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol,1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzen,MFCD00011644,2,6-ditertiary-butyl-p-cresol,Dbpc(technical grade),DTXSID2020216,E321,CHEBI:34247,2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylhydroxybenzene,AI3-19683,p-Cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-,INS-321,1P9D0Z171K,2,6-bis(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol,2,6-Di-tert-butylcresol,CHEMBL146,Di-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol,DTXCID20216,2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol-d24,INS NO.321,E-321,FEMA 2184,NSC6347,2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol,NCGC00091761-03,Tonarol,1219805-92-1,Toxolan P,2,6-DI(TERT-BUTYL-D9)-4-METHYLPHENOL-3,5,O-D3,Caswell No. 291A,Annulex BHT,BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUENE (EP MONOGRAPH),BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUENE [EP MONOGRAPH],CAS-128-37-0,Butylohydroksytoluenu,Butylohydroksytoluenu [Polish],Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (VAN),di-tert-butyl-methylphenol,Di tert butyl methylphenol,2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol [Czech],EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 022105,2,6 Di tert butyl p cresol,UNII-1P9D0Z171K,4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol [Czech],2,6 Di t butyl 4 methylphenol,Lowinox BHT,Nipanox BHT,BHT Swanox,BHT, food grade,4-Methyl-2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol,2, food grade,2,6 Di tert butyl 4 methylphenol,3IM,Dibutyl-para-cresol,NAUGARD BHT,PERMANAX BHT,TOPANOL BHT,YOSHINOX BHT,ANTAGE BHT,TOPANOL OL,VANOX PC,IONOL K,Spectrum_001790,BHT FCC/NF,SpecPlus_000768,CATALIN CAO 3,Methyldi-tert-butylphenol,Spectrum3_001849,Spectrum5_001612,BHT [INCI],Hydagen DEO (Salt/Mix),BHT [FCC],LUBRIZOL 817,ULTRANOX 226,EC 204-881-4,2,6-di-Butyl-para-cresol,2.6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol,SCHEMBL3950,2,6-ditert-butyl-p-cresol,p-Cresol,6-di-tert-butyl-,Di-tert-Butylparamethylphenol,BSPBio_003238,KBioSS_002281,2,6-di-tert.butyl-p-cresol,IONOL 330,MLS000069425,BIDD:ER0031,DivK1c_006864,P 21 (PHENOL),SPECTRUM1600716,2,6-bis-tert-butyl-p-cresol,2,6-di-tert-butyl-paracresol,2,6-di-tert-butylmethylphenol,2,6-di-tert. butyl-p-cresol,2,6-di-tert.-butyl-p-cresol,T 501 (PHENOL),2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol,2,6-di-tert-Butyl-methylphenol,2,6-ditertbutyl-4-methylphenol,2,6-di-t butyl-4-methylphenol,2.6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol,KBio1_001808,Bio2_0022801,3-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzene / 1,3-di-tertiary-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzene / 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol / 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene / 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-cresol / 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol / 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol / 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene / 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-4-cresol / 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-4-methylphenol / 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-para-cresol / 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-para-methylphenol / 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene / 3,5-di-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene / 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tertbutyltoluene / 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tertiary-butyltoluene / 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol / 4-methyl- 2,6-di-tertiary-butylphenol / 4-methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol / 4-methyl-2,6-tertiary-butylphenol / advastab 401 / agidol / agidol 1 / alkofen BP / antioxidant 264 / antioxidant 29 / antioxidant 30 / antioxidant 4 / antioxidant 4K / antioxidant BHT / antioxidant DBPC / antioxidant KB / antrancine 8 / AO 29 / AO 4K / AO X4 / BHT / BHT butylated hydroxytoluene / BHT, food grade / BUKS / butylated hydroxytoluene / butylhydroxytoluene / CAO 1 / CAO 3 / catalin CAO-1 DBPC / catalin CAO-3 / chemanox 11 / dalpac / DBMP / DBPC / DBPC, technical grade / deenax / dibunol / dibutylated hydroxytoluene / di-tertiary-butyl-para-cresol / di-terti-butyl-p-cresol / ECA5703 / ECA6050 / ECA8165 / ECA8268 / Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. / EXA5453 / EXA703 / FEMA NO 2184 / formula nr 82300 / HK-1 / impruvol / ionol / ionol 1 / ionol BHT / ionol CP / ionol,antioxidant / ionole / kerabit / methyl di-tert-butylphenol / methyl di-tertiarybutylphenol / nocrac 200 / nonox TBC / NYRIM antioxidant / P 21 / parabar 441 / paranox 441 / phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl- / stabilizer KB / stavox / sumilizer BHT / sustane (=2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) / sustane BHT / swanox BHT / tenamene 3 / tenox BHT / topanol / topanol BHT / topanol O / topanol OC / toxolan P / vanlube PC / vanlube PCX / vianol
Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-; p-Cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-; Advastab 401; Antioxidant DBPC; Antioxidant KB; Antioxidant 29; Antioxidant 30; Antioxidant 4K; AO 29; AO 4K; Butylhydroxytoluene; BHT; BUKS; Catalin Antioxydant 1; Catalin CAO-3; Chemanox 11; CAO 1; CAO 3; Dalpac; Deenax; Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; Di-tert-butylcresol; Dibunol; Dibutylated hydroxytoluene; DBPC; Impruvol; Ionol; Ionol (Antioxidant); Ionol CP; Ionol 1; Ionole; Nonox TBC; P 21; Parabar 441; Stavox; Sumilizer BHT; Sustane BHT; Tenamene 3; Tenox BHT; Topanol; Topanol O; Topanol OC; Vanlube PC; Vanlube PCX; Vianol; 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; 4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene; 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl benzene; 2,6-di-Butyl-para-cresol; 2,6-di-tert-Butyl-methylphenol; o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol; Bht(food grade); Butylated hydroxytoluol; Dbpc(technical grade); DBMP; NCI-C03598; Paranox 441; 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene; 2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol; 4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol; 4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol; Di-tert-Butylparamethylphenol; Di-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol; Phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-; 4-Methyl-2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol; Annulex BHT; Antrancine 8; Lowinox BHT; Nipanox BHT; Ralox BHT; Sustane; Vulkanox KB; BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene); 2,6-di-ter-butyl-4-methyl-phenol; 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-para-methylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT); Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT); Dibutylhydroxytoluene; Dibutylcresol; 2,6-Bis(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol; 2,6-Di(tert-butyl)hydroxytoluene; Ionol BHT; BHT Swanox; Agidol; 2,6-di-ter-butul-4-methyl-phenol; 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert.-butylphenol; Di-ter-butyl p-cresol; butylated OH tolueno; Dibutyl-p-cresol; Ergotamine, dihydro-, monomethanesulfonate (salt); Hydagen DEO (Salt/Mix)




BHT Butylhydroxytoluol also known as butylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties.
European and U.S. regulations allow small percentages to be used as a food additive.
BHT Butylhydroxytoluol is primarily used as a food additive that exploits its antioxidant properties.
BHT Butylhydroxytoluol is used in many food applications such as food coloring and flavoring agents.




BHT Butylhydroxytoluol is a member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.
BHT Butylhydroxytoluol has a role as an antioxidant, a food additive, a ferroptosis inhibitor and a geroprotector.

BHT Butylhydroxytoluol is functionally related to a phenol.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene is a natural product found in Microcystis aeruginosa, Thymus longicaulis, and other organisms with data available.


Despite this, and the earlier determination by the National Cancer Institute that BHT was noncarcinogenic in an animal model, societal concerns over its broad use have been expressed.
BHT has also been postulated as an antiviral drug, but as of December 2022, use of BHT as a drug is not supported by the scientific literature and it has not been approved by any drug regulatory agency for use as an antiviral.


NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
Phytoplankton, including the green algae Botryococcus braunii, as well as three different cyanobacteria (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria sp.) are capable of producing BHT as a natural product.
The fruit lychee also produces BHT in its pericarp.
Several fungi (for example Aspergillus conicus) living in olives produce BHT.


PRODUCTION OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
Industrial production:
The chemical synthesis of BHT in industry has involved the reaction of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene), catalyzed by sulfuric acid:
CH3(C6H4)OH + 2 CH2=C(CH3)2 → ((CH3)3C)2CH3C6H2OH

Alternatively, BHT has been prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation followed by hydrogenolysis.

REACTIONS OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
This section relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page.
Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.
Find sources: "Butylated hydroxytoluene" – news • newspapers • books • scholar • JSTOR (March 2020)


The species behaves as a synthetic analog of vitamin E, primarily acting as a terminating agent that suppresses autoxidation, a process whereby unsaturated (usually) organic compounds are attacked by atmospheric oxygen.
BHT stops this autocatalytic reaction by converting peroxy radicals to hydroperoxides.
It effects this function by donating a hydrogen atom:
RO2• + ArOH → ROOH + ArO•
RO2• + ArO• → nonradical products
where R is alkyl or aryl, and where ArOH is BHT or related phenolic antioxidants.

Each BHT consumes two peroxy radicals.


APPLICATIONS OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
BHT is listed by the NIH Hazardous Substances Data Bank under several categories in catalogues and databases, such as food additive, household product ingredient, industrial additive, personal care product/cosmetic ingredient, pesticide ingredient, plastic/rubber ingredient and medical/veterinary/research.

Food additive:
BHT is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive.[14]
In the United States, it is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) based on a National Cancer Institute study from 1979 in rats and mice.

It is approved for use in the U.S. by the Food and Drug Administration: For example, 21 CFR § 137.350(a)(4) allows BHT up to 0.0033% by weight in "enriched rice",[16] while 9 CFR § 381.147](f)(1) allows up to 0.01% in poultry "by fat content".[17] It is permitted in the European Union under E321.

BHT is used as a preservative ingredient in some foods.
With this usage BHT maintains freshness or prevents spoilage; it may be used to decrease the rate at which the texture, color, or flavor of food changes.

Some food companies have voluntarily eliminated BHT from their products or have announced that they were going to phase it out.

Antioxidant:
BHT is also used as an antioxidant in products such as metalworking fluids, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, transformer oils, and embalming fluid.
In the petroleum industry, where BHT is known as the fuel additive AO-29, it is used in hydraulic fluids, turbine and gear oils, and jet fuels.

BHT is also used to prevent peroxide formation in organic ethers and other solvents and laboratory chemicals.
It is added to certain monomers as a polymerisation inhibitor to facilitate their safe storage.

Some additive products contain BHT as their primary ingredient, while others contain the chemical merely as a component of their formulation, sometimes alongside butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).

Cosmetics:
The European Union restricts the use of BHT in mouthwash to .001% concentration, in toothpaste to .01% concentration, and to .8% in other cosmetics


EXTRACTION AND PRESENTATION OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
BHT can be prepared in a Friedel-Crafts alkylation by reacting p -cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene) using sulfuric acid as a catalyst:
Butylhydroxytoluene is one of the chemical substances that are produced in large quantities (“ High Production Volume Chemical ”, HPVC) and for which the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) collects data on possible hazards (“ Screening Information Dataset ”, SIDS). ) was made.

USAGE OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
BHT is used in numerous consumer products, e.g. B. paints, waxes, cosmetics, medicines or packaging materials, and also used as an approved food additive under the name E 321 .
It serves primarily as an antioxidant to prevent or slow changes in products caused by atmospheric oxygen.

Its addition as a stabilizer to diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran prevents the formation of dangerous ether peroxides.
It also serves to stabilize biodiesel.
In the 1980s, the effectiveness of BHT against herpes simplex viruses in hamsters was established.
However, allergic reactions of the test subjects to BHT prevented further use in this area.


ANALYTICS OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
Lipophilic gel chromatography on Sephadex LH 20 can be used to isolate the substance from oils and fatty test materials.
The qualitative and quantitative determination can be carried out by gas chromatography.
The coupling of HPLC with mass spectrometry can also be used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of BHT after appropriate sample preparation



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
Chemical formula, C15H24O
Molar mass, 220.356 g/mol
Appearance, White to yellow powder
Odor, Slight, phenolic
Density, 1.048 g/cm3
Melting point, 70 °C (158 °F; 343 K)
Boiling point, 265 °C (509 °F; 538 K)
Solubility in water, 1.1 mg/L (20 °C)
log P, 5.32
Vapor pressure, 0.01 mmHg (20 °C)
CAS number, 128-37-0, +
Molar mass, 220.35 g mol −1
state of aggregation, fixed
density, 1.05 g cm −3
melting point, 69–70 °C
boiling point, 265°C
Vapor pressure, 0.02 hPa (20 °C) [3]2.4 hPa (100 °C)
solubility, practically insoluble in water (0.1–1.14 mg l −1 at 20 °C) [3]easily soluble in ethanol (250 g l −1 ) [4]soluble in fats
Refractive index, 1.4859 (75°C)
Molecular Weight
220.35 g/mol
XLogP3-AA
5.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
1
Rotatable Bond Count
2
Exact Mass
220.182715385 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
220.182715385 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count
16
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
207
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Boiling point, 265 °C (1013 hPa)
Density, 1.03 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point, 127 °C
Ignition temperature, 345 °C
Melting Point, 69.8 °C
Vapor pressure, 0.39 Pa (298 K)
Bulk density, 450 kg/m3
Solubility, Assay (GC), ≥ 99.0 %
Assay (HPLC), 99.0 - 101.5 %
Identity (Identification 1 (JPE)), passes test
Identity (IR-spectrum), passes test
Identity (Identification 2 (JPE)), passes test
Identity (HPLC), passes test
Appearance, White to yellowish crystalline powder.
Appearance of solution (100 g/l, Methanol (Ph Eur)), Clear and not more intense in color than reference solutionY₅ or BY₅.
Appearance of solution (100 g/l, Ethanol (95 %) (JPE)), Clear and colorless.
Solidification temperature, 69.2 - 70.0 °C
Melting point, 69.5 - 72.0 °C
Absorption maximum λmax. (Ethanol abs.), 277 - 279 nm
Specific absorptivity A 1%/1cm (λmax.; 0.02 g/l; ethanol abs.), 81 - 88
Specific Absorptivity A 1%/1cm (λ278 nm; 0.05 g/l; ethanol (95 %)), 82 - 88
Heavy metals (as Pb), ≤ 20 ppm
Sulfate (SO₄), ≤ 150 ppm
As (Arsenic), ≤ 3 ppm
Hg (Mercury), ≤ 1 ppm
Pb (Lead), ≤ 2 ppm
p-Cresol, ≤ 0.1 %
Methanol (HS-GC), ≤ 3000 ppm
Toluene (HS-GC), ≤ 890 ppm
Related substances (TLC), ≤ 0.5 %
Related substances (HPLC) (p-Cresol or m-cresol), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (2-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol or 2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy benzaldehyde), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (4,6-Di-tert-butyl-m-cresol), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (Any unspecified impurity), ≤ 0.1 %
Related substances (HPLC) (Sum of all impurities), ≤ 0.7 %
Other residual solvents (ICH Q3C), excluded by the production process
Sulfated ash (600 °C), ≤ 0.002 %
Water (according to Karl Fischer), ≤ 0.2 %



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT BHT BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUOL:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

Bioban db 20 Antimicrobial is an effective, fast-acting, non-oxidizing, formaldehyde-free biocide compatible with many applications.
Bioban db 20 for industrial use Antimicrobial is a non-oxidizing and non-sensitizing sump side biocide that aggressively combats the contamination that can negatively impact metalworking operations and final product quality.
Bioban db 20 is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.

CAS numbers: 25322-68-3 (>=46.5-<=54.5%),10222-01-2 (20%),7647-15-6 (<=4.0%)

2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Dbnpa, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, FT-0612090, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa

Bioban db 20 acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
Bioban db 20 by LANXESS is 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol (bronopol)grade.
Bioban db 20 offers broad-spectrum bacterial efficacy, inhibits bacterial growth during the storage and use of water-based printing inks.
Compatible with all types of metalworking fluids, BBioban db 20 is fast acting and can reduce a heavy bio burden within hours when a preservative can be added to the sump.

Bioban db 20 is recommended for paints, coatings, latex, inks, electrodeposition and mineral slurries.
Bioban db 20 is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.

Bioban db 20 is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
Bioban db 20 is a water-soluble compound with a high solubility in water and other organic solvents.
Bioban db 20 has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.

Bioban db 20 is not toxic to animals and humans, although it may cause skin irritation or eye damage.
Bioban db 20 is a fast-kill biocide which will hydrolyzes very easily under both acidic and alkaline conditions.

Bioban db 20 is warmly welcomed because of for its instability property in water.
Bioban db 20 will kill bacterial and then quickly degrades to form a number of chemicals.
Bioban db 20 works just like the typical halogen biocides.

Bioban db 20 is utilized in many areas. For example, it found its application in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
Bioban db 20 is also applied as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
Bioban db 20 is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H2Br2N2O.

Bioban db 20 is commonly known as DBNPA, which stands for 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-N,N-dimethylacetamide.
This enterprise is engaged in the research and development, production and sales of Bioban db 20.
In order to improve market competition, company build core competitiveness by the excellent Bioban db 20 quality.

Bioban db 20 Water Treatment Microbiocide is a formulation containing 20% active ingredient, DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Cas Reg. No. 10222-01-2).
Bioban db 20 can be used as an additive in wastewater treatment to reduce the concentration of organic matter by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
Bioban db 20 also has been shown to be effective as a biocide for disinfecting medical equipment or surfaces.

Effective at low levels, Bioban db 20 combined with lower levels of existing preservatives can help reduce long-term preservative costs for end-users
Bioban db 20, also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized by reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide.
Bioban db 20 is crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.

Bioban db 20 or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
Disinfectants and algaecides not intended for direct application to humans or animals.
Bioban db 20s used for the disinfection of surfaces, materials, equipment and furniture which are not used for direct contact with food or feeding stuffs.

Bioban db 20 usage areas include, inter alia, swimming pools, aquariums, bathing and other waters; air conditioning systems; and walls and floors in private, public, and industrial areas and in other areas for professional activities.
Bioban db 20s used for disinfection of air, water not used for human or animal consumption, chemical toilets, waste water, hospital waste and soil.
Bioban db 20 provides broad-spectrum control of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae.

Bioban db 20 has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the true algae.
Bioban db 20 water treatment microbiocide is an aqueous formulation containing a 20% w/w concentration of DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide).
Bioban db 20 is a broad spectrum biocide offering rapid control of bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae.

Bioban db 20 is a non-oxidizing and highly effective biocide with proven performance in the past 5 decades.
Bioban db 20 belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.
Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.

Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on Bioban db 20.
Bioban db 20 is a chemical compound used as a broad-spectrum biocide and preservative in various industries.
Bioban db 20 has applications in water treatment, paper manufacturing, textiles, and personal care products.

Bioban db 20 exhibits antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Safety precautions should be followed when handling this chemical, including the use of gloves and protective eyewear.
Bioban db 20 should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.

Bioban db 20 has low solubility in water and is considered to have low toxicity levels.
However, proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize environmental impact.
Bioban db 20 is white crystals.

Bioban db 20 is soluble in acetone, polyethyleneglycol, benzene, ethanol, etc. The 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) solubility is soluble in common organic solvents and slightly soluble in water.
Bioban db 20 biocide is stable in acidic conditions and decomposed in alkaline conditions or the presence of hydrogen sulfide.
Products used as algaecides for treatment of swimming pools, aquariums and other waters and for remedial treatment of construction materials.

Bioban db 20s used to be incorporated in textiles, tissues, masks, paints and other articles or materials with the purpose of producing treated articles with disinfecting properties.
Bioban db 20 is used for the disinfection of equipment, containers, consumption utensils, surfaces or pipework associated with the production, transport, storage or consumption of food or feed (including drinking water) for humans and animals.
Products used to impregnate materials which may enter into contact with food.

Product-type 6: Preservatives for products during storage
Bioban db 20 is used for the preservation of manufactured products, other than foodstuffs, feedingstuffs, cosmetics or medicinal products or medical devices by the control of microbial deterioration to ensure their shelf life.
Bioban db 20 can penetrate the cytocyst of microbes quickly and kill them by reacting with some proteins in it, stopping the redox of cells.

Bioban db 20 solid biocide has a good stripping property, little poison, and no foam in the system.
The organic solutions can be miscible with water.
Bioban db 20 is a white to off-white crystalline powder.

Melting point 125℃, soluble in ordinary organic solvents (such as Acetone, Benzene, Dimethylformamide, Ethanol,Polyethylene glycol, etc.).
Bioban db 20 is aqueous solution is stable under acidic condition, and easy to hydrolyze under alkaline condition.
The dissolution rate can be greatly accelerated by increasing pH value, heating, UV light or fluorescence irradiation.

Bioban db 20 exhibits stability over a range of temperatures, allowing for effective microbial control in both warm and cold water systems.
Bioban db 20 is commonly used in industrial water treatment processes, such as cooling water systems in power plants and manufacturing facilities.
Bioban db 20 is effectiveness in preventing biofouling makes it valuable for maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.

Bioban db 20 is utilized in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery operations.
Bioban db 20 is generally compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing for integration into comprehensive water treatment programs.
Users should be aware of regulatory requirements associated with the use of Bioban db 20 in specific industries and regions.

Easy to be reduced agent, such as Hydrogen sulfide de-bromine into non-toxic Cyanoacetate amine, so that the sterilization rate is greatly reduced.
Bioban db 20 acts as a biocide by releasing bromine in water.
Bioban db 20 is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.

Bioban db 20 provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.
The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide
Bioban db 20 is incompatible with bases, metals, oxidizing agents, acids.

Dangerous gases may accumulate as a result of ignition and fire.
Bioban db 20 can penetrate microbial cell membrane rapidly and act on certain protein genes, and normal redox of syncytial cells is terminated.
Bioban db 20, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamidecan also selectively brominate or oxidize special enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, leading to cell death

Bioban db 20, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide has a broad spectrum of performance, and has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and other pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.
Bioban db 20, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide is characterized by a very fast sterilization speed and high efficiency, with a sterilization rate of more than 98% in 5-10 minutes.
Compared with other three bactericide products, the results show that when the same bactericidal effect is achieved, the dosage of Bioban db 20, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamideis used the smallest, far less than the other three fungicides

After sterilization, Bioban db 20, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide can be rapidly degraded into carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromine salts, which will not cause the accumulation of harmful ions in the water body, have no impact on the environment, and make the emission unlimited.
This is a significant feature of organic bromine bactericides different from other non-oxidative bactericides.
The bromine interferes with the enzymes and proteins in microorganisms, disrupting their cellular functions and leading to their destruction.

This mode of action makes Bioban db 20 effective against a wide range of microorganisms.
Bioban db 20 is known for its broad-spectrum activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae.
This versatility contributes to its use in various industrial and water treatment applications.

Bioban db 20 is recognized for its fast-acting properties, providing rapid microbial control.
These broad spectrum biocides are DFE (Design for Environment) approved, and are well-recognized for material preservation and antimicrobial protections.
Bioban db 20 is used as preservatives for the storage or use of rodenticide, insecticide or other baits.

Bioban db 20 is a broad-spectrum non-food biocide.
Bioban db 20 is highly soluble in water and in some organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol.
There is little information published on its environmental fate.

Bioban db 20 is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms.
Bioban db 20 has a moderate human oral toxicity, may be a reproduction/developmental toxin and is a recognised irritant.
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.

Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
Bioban db 20 is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
Bioban db 20 can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

Bioban db 20 is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
Bioban db 20 has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.
Bioban db 20 has a broad spectrum of bactericidal properties. It has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.

Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
solubilit: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to crystal
pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820

Bioban db 20 Antimicrobial is effective and environmentally friendly as a biocide when properly administered.
However, the active component, dibromonitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), is temperature sensitive and will decompose exothermically (liberate heat) at elevated temperatures.
Can clean up fouled systems where high levels of organics, slime and biomass are present.

Bioban db 20 or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
Bioban db 20 is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
Bioban db 20 acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

Bioban db 20 is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
Bioban db 20 is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.

Controls bacteria, fungi and algae in industrial processes and water systems including: paper mills, industrial cooling water systems.
In addition, its decomposition rate increases with increasing temperature once the exothermic reaction begins.
If Bioban db 20 is stored under adiabatic conditions, that is, where the heat cannot be removed or dissipated rapidly enough, the liquid temperature in the container will increase with decomposition, and this in turn will increase the decomposition rate.

To ensure safe handling and product quality, Bioban db 20 is important to determine which storage systems are nearly adiabatic, and once identified, to monitor the temperature within those storage containers.
Bioban db 20 is characterized by extremely fast sterilization and high efficiency.
The sterilization rate can reach over 99% in 5~10 minutes.

This includes evaluating potential impacts on human health, worker safety, and the environment.
Bioban db 20 should maintain comprehensive records of its application, including dosages, monitoring results, and any adverse effects observed.
Documentation is crucial for regulatory compliance, troubleshooting, and future reference.

Developing an emergency response plan for accidental spills or releases of Bioban db 20 is essential.
This plan should include procedures for containment, cleanup, and reporting to relevant authorities.
Personnel handling Bioban db 20 should receive proper education and training on its safe use, potential hazards, and emergency procedures.

This helps minimize the risk of accidents and ensures that users are equipped to handle the substance responsibly.
Disposal of unused or expired Bioban db 20 should be carried out in accordance with local regulations.
Users should contact waste disposal authorities to determine the appropriate methods for handling and disposing of the substance.

Bioban db 20's efficacy can be influenced by temperature, and its activity may vary across different temperature ranges.
Bioban db 20 is important to consider the temperature conditions of the water system when applying DBNPA and adjust dosages accordingly.
Regular monitoring of microbial populations in treated water systems is important. Monitoring helps assess the effectiveness of Bioban db 20 and allows for adjustments to prevent the development of microbial resistance.

Bioban db 20 may be used in combination with other water treatment chemicals for synergistic effects.
Synergistic formulations can enhance the overall performance and efficacy, providing a comprehensive solution to microbial control.
Accurate dosage control is critical for optimizing Bioban db 20's effectiveness and avoiding overdosing or underdosing.

Automated dosing systems can help ensure precise and consistent application.
Bioban db 20 is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment.
This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies.

Bioban db 20 is degraded by reactions with water, nucleophiles, and UV light (rate is dependent on pH and temperature). The approximate half-life is 24 hr @ pH 7, 2 hr @ pH 8, 15 min @ pH 9.
The vast majority of microorganisms that come into contact with it are killed within 5 to 10 minutes.

In addition to documenting Bioban db 20 usage, it is important to keep detailed records of the entire water treatment program.
This includes information on other chemicals used, maintenance activities, and any observed changes in water quality.
Bioban db 20 is sometimes used in water treatment processes, including those involving reverse osmosis systems.

Compatibility with RO membranes and potential impacts on system performance should be assessed.
Bioban db 20 is known for leaving low residuals, monitoring residual levels in treated water is still important.
Understanding the persistence of DBNPA residues can guide decisions regarding reapplication and additional treatments.

Bioban db 20 finds application in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems.
In recirculating cooling water systems, Bioban db 20 can help prevent biofouling and microbial contamination.
However, the effectiveness may be influenced by factors such as water chemistry and system design.

Depending on the location and industry, compliance with international standards and regulations related to water quality, biocide usage, and environmental impact is crucial. Users should stay informed about regional requirements.
Ongoing research and development in the field of water treatment may introduce new formulations or technologies.
Staying updated on industry advancements can provide insights into optimizing water treatment strategies.

Bioban db 20 was compared to the other three biocides.
The results showed that when the same bactericidal effect was achieved,Bioban db 20 was used at a dose of the only 7.5ppm, which is much lower than the other three fungicides.
Bioban db 20 is a new type of highly effective bactericidal algaecide and water treatment agent.

Bioban db 20 has the advantages of high efficiency and broad spectrum, easy to degrade, no residual residue, no pollution to the environment, etc. At the same time, it also has a multi-effect function such as sterilization and algae killing, descaling and corrosion inhibition, etc. value.
Bioban db 20 is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
Bioban db 20 can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

Bioban db 20 is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
Bioban db 20 has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.
Bioban db 20 is commonly employed in the paper and pulp industry for the preservation of process waters, as well as to prevent microbial growth in paper and wood products.

Bioban db 20 is effectiveness in controlling a broad spectrum of microorganisms is particularly valuable in these manufacturing processes.
Bioban db 20's biocidal performance can be influenced by factors such as temperature, water hardness, and organic content.
Understanding how these factors affect the efficacy of Bioban db 20 in a specific application is important for optimal performance.

Users should consider the compatibility of Bioban db 20 with materials commonly used in water systems, such as metals and elastomers.
In relation to tank size, heat transfer from a bulk liquid decreases as its total volume increases.
When volume increases relative to a surface area, there is a “self-insulating” effect, allowing temperature to build up within the storage facility.

Uses:
Bioban db 20 can be used in reverse osmosis systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofouling, maintaining the efficiency of the membranes.
Bioban db 20 is commonly applied in cooling tower water treatment to prevent microbial growth, biofouling, and corrosion.
Bioban db 20 helps maintain the efficiency of cooling systems by controlling microbiological contamination.

Bioban db 20 may be used in hydrotesting fluids, which are employed to pressure test pipelines and vessels.
Bioban db 20 helps prevent microbial contamination in the testing process.
In hydraulic systems, Bioban db 20 can be used to control microbial growth in hydraulic fluids, ensuring the stability and performance of the fluid over time.

Bioban db 20 may find application in automotive antifreeze and coolant systems to inhibit microbial growth and prevent contamination in the coolant circulating through the engine.
Bioban db 20 is sometimes used in fire sprinkler systems to prevent microbial contamination in the water that would be released in case of a fire.
Bioban db 20 can be applied in oil and gas production pipelines to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and inhibit microbial growth that could lead to pipeline degradation.

In geothermal heating and cooling systems, Bioban db 20 can be utilized to prevent microbial fouling and contamination in the water circulating through the system.
Bioban db 20 may be used in desalination plants to prevent microbial fouling on membranes and other components in the water treatment process.
Bioban db 20 is employed in some nuclear power plants to control microbial growth in cooling water systems and prevent biofouling on heat exchange equipment.

Bioban db 20 is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.
The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.
Bioban db 20 may find application in water treatment processes within the food and beverage industry to control microbial contamination in processing water.
In healthcare settings, Bioban db 20 can be used in water treatment to control microbial growth in hospital water systems, including cooling towers and distribution systems.

Bioban db 20 is effective in preventing biofouling and microbial contamination in recirculating water systems used in various industrial processes.
As the biocides in broad-spectrum, Bioban db 20 biocide is widely used in industrial circulating water systems, large air-condition, and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganisms and alga and shuck off clay.
Bioban db 20 is also used in the process of papermaking to prevent reducing the quality of paper by the generation of microorganisms.

This halogen biocide is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex, and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
Bioban db 20 has the following advantages: easy to handle; no unusual oxidation hazards; similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications; used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
Bioban db 20 has exhibited outstanding efficiency against bio-films and a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.

Bioban db 20 series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch, and mineral slurries.
Bioban db 20 is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
Bioban db 20 is used in water treatment process.

Bioban db 20 a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
Bioban db 20 may be applied in cooling systems associated with medical equipment to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the equipment's performance.
Bioban db 20 can be incorporated into various disinfectant and biocide formulations used for diverse applications, including surface disinfection and antimicrobial treatments.

Bioban db 20 may be used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to prevent microbial growth in air washer systems and cooling coils.
Bioban db 20 can be applied in various manufacturing processes where water is used as a coolant or processing medium to prevent microbial contamination.
Bioban db 20 is widely used in industrial circulating water system, large air-condition and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganism and alga and shuck off clay.

Bioban db 20 is also used in the process of paper making to prevent reducing quality of paper by generation of microorganism.
Bioban db 20 is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
Bioban db 20 has following advantages :Easy to handle .No unusual oxidation hazards.

Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.
Bioban db 20 is used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
Bioban db 20 has exhibited outstanding efficacy against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus and yeasts.

Bioban db 20 series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch and mineral slurries.
Bioban db 20 is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum, and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
Bioban db 20 is a broad spectrum and efficient industrial fungicide, used to prevent bacteria and algae in paper making, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricating oil, pulp, wood, coating and plywood growth and reproduction, and can be used as mud control agent, widely used in paper mill pulp and circulating cooling water system.

As a broad-spectrum and highly effective biocide, Bioban db 20 can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act as a certain protein group to stop the normal REDOX of cells, thus causing cell death.
Bioban db 20 is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial bactericide, used to prevent the growth and reproduction of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
Bioban db 20 can also be used as a slime control agent.

Bioban db 20 is employed in wood preservation treatments to prevent the growth of fungi and decay-causing microorganisms in wood products, enhancing their longevity.
In certain formulations of adhesives and sealants, Bioban db 20 may be used to inhibit the growth of microbes, maintaining the integrity of the product.
Bioban db 20 is utilized in the textile industry to control microbial contamination in water systems used in textile processing and to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria on textiles.

In the leather industry, Bioban db 20 may be used to control microbial growth in water systems and prevent the degradation of hides and skins.
Bioban db 20 can be incorporated into cleaning and sanitizing formulations to enhance their efficacy by preventing microbial contamination in the cleaning solutions.
In the production of fuel ethanol, Bioban db 20 may be used to control microbial contamination in fermentation processes and storage systems.

Bioban db 20 is applied in air washer systems, such as those used in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, to prevent microbial growth and maintain indoor air quality.
Bioban db 20 may be used in certain marine antifouling paints to prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls and underwater structures.
In swimming pools and spas, Bioban db 20 can be used as a biocide to control microbial contamination, ensuring the safety and hygiene of the water.

Bioban db 20 is widely used in pulp and circulating cooling water system in paper mills.
As a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency biocide, it can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
At the same time, its branches can selectively bromide or oxidize the special enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, which will eventually lead to the death of microorganisms.

Bioban db 20 has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid product and water can be dissolved in any ratio, low toxicity.
Mainly used as a non-food biocide within the paper industry and as preservatives for coatings and slurries.
Bioban db 20 is used in formulating biocides.

Bioban db 20 is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Bioban db 20 is used in various industrial processes, such as cooling water systems, pulp and paper processing, oilfield operations, and metalworking fluids, to control microbial growth and prevent biofouling.
Bioban db 20 is known for its chemical stability, allowing for effective microbial control over a range of environmental conditions.

Bioban db 20 is water-soluble, which makes it suitable for use in water-based formulations.
When used as a water treatment slime stripper, the Bioban db 20 is added at a concentration of 30~50 mg/L.
Bioban db 20 is widely used as a biocide in water treatment applications, particularly in cooling water systems.

Bioban db 20 helps control the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae in water, preventing biofouling and maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
In the pulp and paper industry, Bioban db 20 is employed to preserve process waters and prevent microbial contamination in paper and wood products.
Bioban db 20 finds application in the oil and gas industry, including its use in hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems, where controlling microbial growth is essential.

Bioban db 20 is used as preservatives for coatings, slurries and to control microbial fouling in paper mills, oil field and leather process.
Bioban db 20 is used as pharmaceutical intermediates bactericidal algae killer industrial sewage treatment agent, this product is a broad spectrum of high efficiency biocide.
Bioban db 20 is a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.

Safety Profile:
Bioban db 20 may be toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.
Bioban db 20 can affect the central nervous system and other organs.
Bioban db 20 can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.

Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to more severe effects.
Bioban db 20 has the potential to cause skin sensitization, leading to allergic reactions in some individuals upon contact.

Bioban db 20 may have adverse effects on the environment.
Bioban db 20 can be harmful to aquatic life and other ecosystems if released into water bodies.

Bioterge AS 40 is an aqueous solution of alpha olefin sulfonate which is produced by the continuous sulfonataion of alpha olefins via Stepan's falling film which minimizes the formation of disulfonates thereby offering a consistent high quality product.


CAS Number: 68439-57-6
EC Number: 270-407-8
INCI Name: Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate
Molecular Formula: C14H27NaO3S / C14H29NaO4S



Alkenes, C14-16 α-, sulfonated, sodium salts, Sulfochem AOS-K, C14-C16-Alkanehydroxysulfonic Acids Sodium Salts, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, AOS, Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C 14 - 16 Olefin Sulfonate, 68439-57-6, 270-407-8, BIO TERGE AS-40, BIO-TERGE AS-90 BEADS, CALSOFT AOS-40, JEENATE AOS-40, NANSA LSS480, NIKKOL OS-14, NORFOX ALPHA XL, RHODACAL A-246 L, RHODACAL LSS-40, SODIUM C14-16 ALPHA-OLEFIN SULFONATE, SODIUM C14-16 ALPHA-OLEFIN SULPHONATE, SODIUM C14-16 OLEFIN SULFONATE [INCI], SODIUM C14-16 OLEFIN SULPHONATE, SODIUM OLEFIN(C14-16) SULFONATE, SODIUM TETRADECENESULFONATE, SODIUM TETRADECENESULPHONATE, Α-alkenyl sulfonate (AOS), C14-C16-Alkanehydroxysulfonic acids sodium salts, alpha-olefin, Bio-Terge AS-40K,α- olefin sulfonate, SODIUM A-OLEFIN SULFONATE, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate(AOS), SODIUMC14-16OLEFINSULPHONATE, SodiumAlpha-OlefineSulfonate, sodium c14-16 olefin sulfonate, Sodium (2E)-2-tetradecene-1-sulfonate, 2-Tetradecene-1-sulfonic acid, sodium salt, (2E)- (1:1), EINECS 270-407-8, Alkenes, C14-16 alpha-, sulfonated, sodium salts, Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts, Sodium (C14-16) olefin sulfonate, Sodium C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-olefin sulfonates, Mixed alkyl sulfates, Alfanox 46 (KAO), Alkenes, C14-16 .alpha.-, sulfonated, sodium salts, alpha-Alkenylsulfonat-Natrium +, Hydroxyalkansulfonat-Natrium, alpha-Olefinsulfonat-Natriumsalz, Alpha-olefinsulfonic acid sodium salt, AOS, Hostapur OS, Sodium alpha-olefin (C14-16) sulfonate, Sodium olefin (C14-16) sulfonate, POWDERS OF PETROCHEMICAL LINEAR ALPHA OLEFIN SOLFONATE, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Powder, Sodium c14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, C14-C16-Alkanehydroxysulfonic acids sodium salts, Sulfonic acids C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts, Sodium alpha-olefin Sulfonate, α-Olefin sulfonates (AOS), Alpha-olefin sulfonate, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate 40% (AOS 40%), sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate (C14-16), Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate, Sulfonic acids, Alpha Olefin (Sodium C14-16 alpha olefin sulfonate), foaming agent, sodium salts, AOS powder, AOS/35%/92%/40%/38%,
sodium salts (68439-57-6), C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts, sodium alpha-olefin (c14-16) sulfonate, Sodium C14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts, AOS, Bioterge AS-40, Unichem AOS, Uniterge AS-40, Sodium C14-16 olefin sulfonate, Alpha-OlefinC14-C16, Sulfonated Sodium Salt, Α-alkenyl sulfonate (AOS), C14-C16-Alkanehydroxysulfonic acids sodium salts, alpha-olefin, Bio-Terge AS-40K, α- olefin sulfonate, SODIUM A-OLEFIN SULFONATE, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate(AOS), SODIUMC14-16OLEFINSULPHONATE, SodiumAlpha-OlefineSulfonate, sodium c14-16 olefin sulfonate, Sodium (2E)-2-tetradecene-1-sulfonate,2-Tetradecene-1-sulfonic acid, sodium salt, (2E)- (1:1), EINECS 270-407-8, C14-16-alkanehydroxysulfonic acids and C14-16-alkene derivs., sodium salts, Sodium a-olefin (C14-C16) sulfonate, Sodium tetradecene sulfonate, Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts, Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts, Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts,Sodium C14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Powder,



Bioterge AS 40 is an ideal surfactant for a variety of detergent and personal care applications including hand soaps, shampoos, and bath products.
Bioterge AS 40 offers the formulator excellent viscosity and foam characteristics, as well as improved mildness over lauryl sulfates.
Bioterge AS 40 is more stable than alcohol sulfates over a broad pH range.


Bioterge AS 40 acts as an ideal surfactant.
Bioterge AS 40 provides excellent viscosity and foam characteristics.
Bioterge AS 40 possesses mildness and biodegradability.


Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant providing excellent viscosity, foam characteristics and mildness.
Bioterge AS 40 is also known as a foam booster.
Bioterge AS 40 is a pale yellow 40% aqueous solution of sodium C14-16 alpha-olefin sulfonate.


Bioterge AS 40 is the anion surfactant that is obtained by caustic soda neutralization of direct sulfonated Alpha Olefin of C14, C16 chain lengths.
Bioterge AS 40 has excellent wetting property, detergency, foaming ability and stability, and Emulsifying power.
Bioterge AS 40 also has good cleansing properties and is effective at removing dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair.


Bioterge AS 40 is the anion surfactant that is obtained by caustic soda neutralization of direct sulfonated Alpha Olefin of C14, C16 chain lengths.
Bioterge AS 40 can exhibit the outstanding cleansing power, foaming ability and also show more stable than alcohol sulfate in variable pH range.
Bioterge AS 40 is ideal for use in shampoos and hand soaps.


Bioterge AS 40 has excellent wetting property, detergency, foaming ability and stability, and Emulsifying power.
Bioterge AS 40 also has excellent calcium soap dispersibility, hard water Resisitency.
Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant processed by a-olefin gas-phase sulfonation and continuous neutralization.


Bioterge AS 40 combines the advantages of high foaming power, good emulsification, mildness to the skin, and excellent lime soap dispersion to give the formulator maximum flexibility in the preparation of light and heavy-duty cleaners.
If Bioterge AS 40 freezes it may alter the product's functionality


Bioterge AS 40 mades primarily from coconut oils. .
Bioterge AS 40 has the ability to transform any ordinary liquid soap into a luscious bubble bath or shower gel!
Bioterge AS 40 is a clear Liquid: Pale Yellow to Light Amber.


Bioterge AS 40 is a mixture of long chain sulfonate salts prepared bysulfonation of C14-16 alpha olefins.
Bioterge AS 40 consists chiefly of sodium alkene sulfonates and sodiumhydroxyalkane sulfonates.
Bioterge AS 40, also known as sodium olefin sulfonate or AOS, is a synthetic surfactant commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.


Bioterge AS 40 is derived from the sulfonation of hydrocarbon chains obtained from olefins, which are typically derived from petroleum.
Bioterge AS 40 has excellent foaming and lathering properties, which makes it an ideal choice for personal care products that require a rich, luxurious lather.


Bioterge AS 40 is a mild anionic surfactant with excellent viscosity and foam characteristics.
Bioterge AS 40 offers good solubility in water, high surface activity, enhanced detergency and foamability, compatability with all other types of surfactants, low sensitivity to water hardness, high level of biodegradability and low irritation and ecotoxicity.


Bioterge AS 40 is an aqueous solution of alpha olefin sulfonate which is produced by the continuous sulfonataion of alpha olefins via Stepan's falling film which minimizes the formation of disulfonates thereby offering a consistent high quality product.
Bioterge AS 40 is a top performing high active specialty anionic surfactant used in a variety of products.


Bioterge AS 40 is a very effective and economical, and versatile, biodegradable surfactant.
Bioterge AS 40 has excellent wetting, foaming, properties in alkaline, acid, or neutral products and in the presence of metallic salts commonly found in hard waters.


Bioterge AS 40 increases foam volume and improves dispersion of the dirt.
Bioterge AS 40 is an aqueous solution of sodium olefin sulfonate which is produced by the continuous sulfonation of alpha olefins via Stepan’s falling film process.


Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant -sodium α- olefin sulfonate (AOS).
Bioterge AS 40 has excellent flash foam properties, and has improved mildness over lauryl sulfates.
Also, Bioterge AS 40 is hydrolytically stable over a broader pH range than lauryl and lauryl ether sulfates.


Bioterge AS 40 is sulfate free and biodegradable.
Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant providing excellent viscosity, foaming and mildness.
Bioterge AS 40 may freeze and separate in transit.


Bioterge AS 40 is clear and may not be reflected in image.
Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant providing excellent viscosity, foaming and mildness.
Bioterge AS 40 is coconut based as it is derived from Oleic Acid.


Bioterge AS 40 may freeze and separate in transit.
Bioterge AS 40 is a colourless/yellow clear liquid.
Bioterge AS 40 has odour slight surfactant.


Active matter of Bioterge AS 40 is approx 35%.
Bioterge AS 40 has good solvency and compatibility , rich and fine foam, easily biodegradable , low toxicity.
Bioterge AS 40 is a mixture of long chain sulfonate salts prepared bysulfonation of C14-16 alpha olefins.


Bioterge AS 40 consists chiefly of sodium alkene sulfonates and sodiumhydroxyalkane sulfonates.
Bioterge AS 40, also known as sodium olefin sulfonate or AOS, is a synthetic surfactant commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.


Bioterge AS 40 is derived from the sulfonation of hydrocarbon chains obtained from olefins, which are typically derived from petroleum.
Bioterge AS 40 has excellent foaming and lathering properties, which makes it an ideal choice for personal care products that require a rich, luxurious lather.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BIOTERGE AS 40:
Bioterge AS 40 is used in hand soaps, shampoos, and bath products.
Bioterge AS 40 is an ideal surfactant for a variety of personal care applications, including shampoo, soaps, body wash, and facial cleanser.
Bioterge AS 40 stands as an anionic surfactant that offers remarkable viscosity, foam characteristics, and mildness.


This makes Bioterge AS 40 an excellent candidate for an array of hi&i cleaning and personal care applications, as well as applications in agriculture formulations and construction products like concrete bases, firefighting foams, and dust control.
Bioterge AS 40 is also suitable for use in acidic formulations such as those containing alpha hydroxyl acids or salicylic acid.


Bioterge AS 40 is perfect for sulfate-free personal care and detergent products.
Bioterge AS 40 is a mild anionic, high-foaming & well-emulsifying surfactant.
Bioterge AS 40's an ideal surfactant for a variety of detergent and personal care applications including hand soaps, shampoos, and bath products.


Especially in the application of non-phosphorus detergents, Bioterge AS 40 has not only good washing ability but also good compatibility with enzyme agents.
Bioterge AS 40 is widely used in non-phosphorus washing powder, liquid detergents and home washing products, hair shampoo, face cleaning etc.
Bioterge AS 40 is also used textile, printing and dyeing industry, petrochemical products, industrial hard surface cleaning agents etc.


Bioterge AS 40 is used anionic surfactant, shampoo, body wash bath gel, and oil-displacing agent, foam boost agent for increasing oil recovery.
Liquid detergent application of Bioterge AS 40: Due to the greater irritation of LAS, many detergents do not use LAS as an active ingredient, while Bioterge AS 40 has a low irritative property and good biodegradability, making it a more suitable alternative.


Bioterge AS 40 has excellent emulsifying, wetting, densifying, foaming, decontaminating and calcium soap dispersing performances.
Bioterge AS 40 has good solvency and good compatibility with enzyme agents.
Bioterge AS 40 is recommended for shampoos, shower gels and hand soaps.


Bioterge AS 40 offers the formulator excellent viscosity and foaming characteristics, as well as mildness.
Foam Booster offers superior stability over alcohol sulfates over a broad pH range.
Bioterge AS 40 is used Economical and high-performing sulfate-free,
biodegradable shampoos, Hand soaps and shower gels, Car washing compounds, Light-duty liquid detergents, Heavy-duty laundry detergents, and Shampoo bars.


Bioterge AS 40 can be used in a variety of personal care, and household applications.
Try Bioterge AS 40 in your facial cleansers, body washes, bubble bars, bubbly foamy bath salts, bubble bath powders, bath bombs, your favorite bar soaps, even laundry and dish detergents, and much more.


Bioterge AS 40 is recommended for Household cleaning products such as liquid detergents and cleaning products, Institutional and industrial cleaning products, Personal care products, Agricultural formulations, Construction products such as concrete density improver, foam wall panels and fire fighting foaming agent, In the textile printing and dyeing industry, Petrochemicals, Tertiary oil recovery and industrial cleaning.


Bioterge AS 40 is a great surfactant that helps remove dirt, pollutants and buildup from the hair and scalp.
Mostly present in hair care products, Bioterge AS 40 can also be used in skin care and cosmetics.
Bioterge AS 40 is a pretty effective cleansing agent with good foaming properties.


In its raw form, Bioterge AS 40 has the look of a fine white powder.
Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant and can be called AOS, having excellent decontamination, foaming and emulsification capacity and foaming stability.
Bioterge AS 40 is extremely soluble in water and has extremely strong lime soap dispersing and softening water capacity;


Bioterge AS 40 has good biodegradability and is gentle to skin and has good compatibility.
Products containing Bioterge AS 40 are rich in foaming, tender and feels well and easy to rinse.
Bioterge AS 40 can be used in matters with wide range of pH value.


Bioterge AS 40 is even used in home and commercial products like hard surface cleaners and carpet shampoos.
Bioterge AS 40 provides excellent flash foam and it is stable over a broad pH range, making it useful in a variety of applications and products.
Bioterge AS 40 provides excellent initial foaming characteristics, and is more stable than fatty alcohol sulfates over a wide pH range.


Bioterge AS 40 has good biodegradability and can be used in shampoo, hand soap, and various bath products. (Mild foaming agent-light yellow transparent liquid)
Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant providing excellent viscosity, foam characteristics and mildness.


Bioterge AS 40 is widely used in all kinds of lavation cosmetics such as laundry detergent, compound soap, dish washing detergent and it is the preferred raw material of non-phosphate detergent;
Bioterge AS 40 can be used in cleaning cosmetics such as shampoo, bath lotion and facial cleanser etc.


Bioterge AS 40 can also be used in industrial detergent such as oil field, mine, construction, fire protection and textile dying.
Bioterge AS 40 is commonly used as a surfactant in various personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.
Bioterge AS 40 helps to emulsify and remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair.


Due to its mildness and good foaming properties, Bioterge AS 40 is often preferred over harsher cleansing agents.
Bioterge AS 40 is also used as a wetting agent and an emulsifier in industrial applications such as cleaning products and textile processing.
Bioterge AS 40 is biodegradable and considered safe for use in cosmetic and personal care products.


Bioterge AS 40 can be widely used in phosphate-free washing powder, liquid detergents and other household cleaning products and textile printing and dyeing industry, petroleum chemicals, industrial hard surface cleaning aspect.
Bioterge AS 40 is an anionic surfactant, a wide variety of cosmetic washing, hand-washing liquid, washing powder, complex soap, shampoo and detergent, phosphate-free detergents and other main raw material of choice.


Bioterge AS 40 is an ideal surfactant for a variety of HI&I cleaning and personal care applications, agricultural formulations, and construction products used for concrete bases, firefighting foams and dust control.
Bioterge AS 40 Surfactant is a liquid, coconut-based surfactant that is derived from Oleic Acid that is an ideal surfactant for a variety of cleansing and personal care applications!


Bioterge AS 40 is a gentle, anionic surfactant that provides excellent viscosity, flash foam characteristics and great cleansing properties, as well as improved mildness over lauryl sulfates.
Bioterge AS 40 is a fantastic surfactant that can be blended with other surfactants and used in a variety of DIY products including Bar Soaps, Liquid Hand Soaps, Body Washes, Bubble Baths, Shampoos and more!


Bioterge AS 40 is commonly used in bath, shower, and hair care cleansers.
Bioterge AS 40 is coconut based as it is derived from Oleic Acid.
Bioterge AS 40 is used Cold Process Soap, Body Wash Bases, Facial Cleansers, Liquid Hand Soap, Machine Dishwashing, Oil Dispersants (OD), Shampoos, Sulfate-Free, Suspension Concentrates (SC), Suspoemulsions (SE), Water Dispersible Granules (WG), Wettable Powders (WP)


Bioterge AS 40 also has been used for hard surface detergent and personal care products, and is developing it in oil additives, starch processing aid, acrylate emulsion, mercerized cotton, wool washing, textile and paper wetting like applications in the field.
Bioterge AS 40 is a third generation surfactant having excellent properties in wetting, blending, emulsification, solubility, good stability at high temperature, and detergency.


Bioterge AS 40 has high foaming characteristics, mildness, less resistant to hard water and excellent bio-degradable.
Bioterge AS 40 is an effective emulsifier and has excellent foaming characteristics.
Its resistance to water hardness and other metallic ions is very good, and Bioterge AS 40 is stable over a wide pH range.


Bioterge AS 40 is superior to conventional detergent actives with regard to bio-degradability, mildness to skin, cold-water solubility, rinsability, flash foaming, and detergency in hard water.
Bioterge AS 40 is compatible with other surfactants like linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LABS) and SLS, including soap.


Bioterge AS 40 helps to overcome the sting caused by conventional detergent actives.
A combination of LABS and Bioterge AS 40 in certain proportions can yield synergistic detergent action, which can result in improved performance of a given total active or reduced cost for a given performance


Bioterge AS 40 is a great surfactant that helps remove dirt, pollutants and buildup from the hair and scalp.
Mostly present in hair care products, Bioterge AS 40 can also be used in skin care and cosmetics.
Bioterge AS 40 is a pretty effective cleansing agent with good foaming properties.


Bioterge AS 40 is widely used in phosphate-free washing powder, liquid detergents and other household cleaning products and textile printing and dyeing industry, petroleum chemicals, industrial hard surface cleaning aspect.
Bioterge AS 40 is an optimal surfactant solution for the formulation of personal care and cosmetic products, HI&I cleaning and laundry detergents.


For its unique properties Bioterge AS 40 is also used in agricultural products, construction industry, fire-fighting foams etc.
Application areas of Bioterge AS 40 HI&I cleaning, Emulsion polymerization, Fire-fighting, Personal care, Laundry detergents, Industrial auxiliaries, Construction chemicals, Oil fields, Agriculture.


Bioterge AS 40 can be used in personal care formulations where efficient viscosity building performance is desired.
Bioterge AS 40 is ideal for a variety of personal care formulations, such as hand soaps, shampoos, facial cleansers, and body washes.


In its raw form, Bioterge AS 40 has the look of a fine white powder.
Bioterge AS 40 is commonly used in bath, shower, and hair care cleansers.
Bioterge AS 40 also has good cleansing properties and is effective at removing dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair.


Bioterge AS 40 is commonly used as a surfactant in various personal care products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.
Bioterge AS 40 helps to emulsify and remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair.
Due to its mildness and good foaming properties, Bioterge AS 40 is often preferred over harsher cleansing agents.


Bioterge AS 40 is also used as a wetting agent and an emulsifier in industrial applications such as cleaning products and textile processing.
Bioterge AS 40 is biodegradable and considered safe for use in cosmetic and personal care products.
Bioterge AS 40 is used color cosmetics


Bioterge AS 40 is a blend of approximately 40% of acrylates/polytrimethylsiloxy-methacrylate copolymer in isododecane.
After evaporation of the isododecane, the high molecular weight silicone acrylate copolymer forms a film on skin.
Bioterge AS 40 is a film former designed for long lasting benefits in color cosmetics and skin care applications. It exhibits good compatibility with organic sunscreens, pigments and cosmetic ingredients.


Bioterge AS 40 provides sebum resistance, wash off resistance as well as comfort to wear.
Bioterge AS 40 is used Long-lasting wear-resistant extended application time High film flexibility enables color cosmetics to have a comfortable, endless wear-resistant feel Fast drying time Highly volatile carrier enables fast drying time no more


Bioterge AS 40 is a premium silicone-acrylate film former for color cosmetics, blend of approximately 40% of acrylates/polytrimethylsiloxy-methacrylate copolymer in isododecane.
After evaporation of the Bioterge AS 40, the high molecular weight silicone acrylate copolymer forms a film on skin.


Raw, oil-based, vegan Bioterge AS 40 which is to be added to your formulas at 0.5 - 10% of the total in order to provide water-resistant and non-transfer film-forming effect.
Bioterge AS 40 can be used in all kinds of cosmetic products: hair, skin, makeup, creams, lotions, shaving creams and more.


-Personal care application of Bioterge AS 40:
The mildness of Bioterge AS 40 is comparable to that of AES, while LAS and AES are much more irritating than AOS.
Thus Bioterge AS 40 has a wide range of use in personal care products.
Bioterge AS 40 is extremely stable under acidic conditions, and normal human skin is weakly acidic (pH about 5.5), so it is suitable to use AOS as a component of personal washing products.
Shampoos with Bioterge AS 40 as the main active ingredient are more foamable than with K12.


-Other applications of Bioterge AS 40:
Bioterge AS 40 has a wide range of applications in the textile printing and dyeing industry, petrochemicals, tertiary oil recovery, and industrial cleaning.
Bioterge AS 40 can also be used as a concrete density improver, foam wallboard, fire-fighting foaming agent.
Bioterge AS 40 can also be used as an emulsifier, wetting agent, etc.


-Application of soap:
Adding Bioterge AS 40 can increase the solubility of soap in water, wetting power and foam strength of soap at low temperatures can also be increased significantly.
Bioterge AS 40 improves various properties of the soap, enhances foaming power, increases hard water resistance and flexibility.


-Washing powders uses of Bioterge AS 40:
Based on detergency test result, both LAS and Bioterge AS 40 showed good synergy in phosphorus-containing and non-phosphorus powders.
In phosphate-free washing powders with LAS and Bioterge AS 40 as anionic active ingredients, the detergency of AOS is significantly increased when the active content is more than 20%.

The detergency synergy of Bioterge AS 40 in non-phosphorus washing powder is more oustanding than that in phosphorus-containing powder.
AOS has a good compatibility with enzyme.
The detergency power of Bioterge AS 40 and LAS is not much different at high temperatures and long-term washing (eg above 60°C, washing for 1 hour).

However, Bioterge AS 40 shows higher detergency performance than LAS when used under room temperature (10-40°C for 10-29 minutes).
Compared with LAS, Bioterge AS 40 features stronger hard water resistance.
Bioterge AS 40 shows a very good stain removal performance on sebum dirt and oily and powdery stain.



BENEFITS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*High film flexibility
*Superior sebum resistance
*High water repellency
*Long-lasting color and efficacy
*Smooth feel with less tackiness
*Comfortable wear
*Listed in the Catalogue of Cosmetics Ingredients of China
*Does not contain ingredients of animal origin (Suitable for Vegan)



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
1. Provides effective cleansing properties.
2. Compatible with hard water.
3. Helps to create a rich foam.
4. Acts as a surfactant and emulsifying agent.
5. Has good skin compatibility and mildness.
6. Can be easily formulated into various cosmetic products.
7. Can help remove excess oil and sebum from the skin.



FUNCTIONS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*Surfactant (Anionic),
*Foaming Agent,
*Foam Booster,
*Cleansing Agent,
*Surfactant



FEATURES OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
Bioterge AS 40 is anionic surfactant with excellent foaming properties.
Bioterge AS 40 is characterized by good foam removal and good rinsing properties, and is included in kitchen detergents and shampoos.
In recent years, Bioterge AS 40 is sometimes used in combination with amino acid surfactants as a raw material for transparent shampoos.

The ingredients are listed in the 2021 Quasi-drug Ingredients Standards, and there are no safety issues as a "product that is completely washed off from the skin."
Bioterge AS 40 is a raw material that is easily degradable and has little impact on the environment.
REACH registered.
Bioterge AS 40 conforms to standards for quasi-drug raw materials.



WHAT DOES BIOTERGE AS 40 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Foaming
*Surfactant



FUNCTIONS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*Surfactant
*Cleansing agent



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
1. Bioterge AS 40 provides effective cleansing properties.
2. Bioterge AS 40 is compatible with hard water.
3. Bioterge AS 40 helps to create a rich foam.
4. Bioterge AS 40 acts as a surfactant and emulsifying agent.
5. Bioterge AS 40 has good skin compatibility and mildness.
6. Bioterge AS 40 can be easily formulated into various cosmetic products.
7. Bioterge AS 40 can help remove excess oil and sebum from the skin.



FUNCTIONS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*Color anti-transfert,
*waterproofing agents,
*Film Formers,
*Silicones



EXTRACTION OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
Bioterge AS 40 is sulphonated with SO3 through a continuous process.
The intermediate sulphonic acid is neutralized with caustic soda.
Then, the sodium xylene sulphonate and buffer system are added.
Later, the solution is dried to obtain a high active Bioterge AS 40 Beads.



FEATURES OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*A type of silicone polyacrylic acid, Bioterge AS 40 is a mixture of silicone polyacrylic acid (40%) and isododecane.
*Bioterge AS 40 has a unique structure made by copolymerizing silicone dendrimer with acrylic resin.
*The crisp film of polyacrylic acid is combined with the water repellency and non-transfer properties of silicone.
*The dendrimer silicone skeleton has excellent abrasion resistance, sebum resistance, and gas permeability.
*Bioterge AS 40 also supports the long-lasting performance of active ingredients by improving compatibility with various oils.
*Adds water resistance and sebum resistance to liquid foundations, sun care products, etc. and improves their durability.
For example, by incorporating it into makeup products such as foundation, lipstick, and nail polish, Bioterge AS 40 is possible to formulate highly long-lasting products that do not transfer color without sacrificing the feel of the product.



BENEFIT CLAIMS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
Smooth Feel, Rub Resistant, Water Repellency, Light Feel, Healthy-Looking Skin, Shine & Radiance, Wash Off Resistance, Low Viscosity, Rapid Absorption, Long Lasting, Gloss Enhancement, Excellent Flexibility, Suppleness, Moisturizing, Skin Protection, Compatibility, Superior Performance, Color Intensity, SPF Enhancement, Long Wear, Durable, Easy Removal, Good Color Retention, Sensory Enhancement, Film Forming, Comforting, Improved Texture, Non-Tacky, Sebum Resistant, Anti-Aging, Non-Occlusive, Transfer Resistant, Shine Enhancing, Easy To Use



BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension of a liquid, the interfacial tension between two liquids, or that between a liquid and a solid.
Surfactants may act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants.



BENEFITS OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*Excellent cost/performance characteristics and foam properties
*Improved mildness over lauryl sulfates
*Excellent viscosity and foam characteristics
*More stable than alcohol sulfates over a broad pH range
*Fully compatible with other anionic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants
*Suggested Usage Rate: 4-30% of your entire formulation.




FUNCTION OF BIOTERGE AS 40:
*Surfactant,
*Surfactant (Anionic),
*Foaming Agent,
*Scouring Agent



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BIOTERGE AS 40:
Actives, %: 39
Boiling Point, ºC: 100
Cloud Point, °C: 7
CMC, mg/l: 301.0
Density at 25°C, g/ml: 1.06
Draves Wetting at 25°C, seconds: 15
Flash Point, °C: >94
Form at 25°C: Liquid
Freeze Point, °C: -7
Pour Point, °C: -4
Specific Gravity at 25°C: 1.06
Surface Tension, mN/m: 31.6
Viscosity at 25°C, cps: 125
Viscosity, cps: 79 (at 60°C)
RVOC, U.S. EPA %: 0
Color: Clear
pH: 5 - 6.5 (as aqueous solution)
Flash Point: Not applicable

CAS: 68439-57-6
Chemical Form: Liquid
Density: 1.054g/cm3 at 20℃
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25℃
form: Powder
LogP: -1.3 at 20℃ and pH5.43
Surface tension: 36.1mN/m at 1g/L and 20℃
Dissociation constant: 0.15-0.38 at 25℃
EWG's Food Scores: 1-2
FDA UNII: O9W3D3YF5U
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-olefin sulfonates (68439-57-6)
Synonyms: Sodium C14-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate
Molecular Weight: 298.42-344.49
Appearance: yellow or amber-colored liquid
Product Name: Sodium C14-16 Olefin sulfonate
CAS: 68439-57-6

CAS Number: 68439-57-6
Chem/IUPAC Name: Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts
EINECS/ELINCS No: 270-407-8
pH: 8.0-10.0
Solubility: Soluble in water
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Flash Point: N/A
Molecular Formula: C14H27NaO3S
Molecular Weight: 298.417
Density: N/A
CAS:68439-57-6
MF:CnH2n-1SO3Na (n= 14 - 16)
MW: 298.42
EINECS:270-407-8
EC #: 931-534-0
HS code:340211
Function: Anionic Surfactant
Appearance: white powder

Density: 1.054g/cm3 at 20℃
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25℃
form: Powder
LogP: -1.3 at 20℃
pH: 5.43
Surface tension: 36.1mN/m at 1g/L and 20℃
Dissociation constant: 0.15-0.38 at 25℃
EWG's Food Scores: 1-2
FDA UNII: O9W3D3YF5U
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-olefin sulfonates (68439-57-6)
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Flash Point: N/A
Molecular Formula: C14H27NaO3S
Molecular Weight: 298.417
Density: N/A



FIRST AID MEASURES of BIOTERGE AS 40:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BIOTERGE AS 40:
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BIOTERGE AS 40:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BIOTERGE AS 40:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Face shield and safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BIOTERGE AS 40:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BIOTERGE AS 40:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Biotin(58-85-5), also called Vitamin H, is a colorless, water-soluble member of the group of B-vitamins.
Formerly Biotin was known as vitamin H or coenzyme R.
Biotin has many benefits for the hair, skin, and nails.

CAS: 58-85-5
MF: C10H16N2O3S
MW: 244.31
EINECS: 200-399-3

Synonyms
biotin, d-biotin, 58-85-5, vitamin H, Vitamin B7, Bioepiderm, coenzyme R, Bios II, Factor S, D(+)-Biotin, Biodermatin, D-(+)-Biotin, (+)-Biotin, Biotine, Biotinum, Injacom H, Biotina, Meribin, Factor S (vitamin), Lutavit H2, Ritatin, CCRIS 3932, HSDB 346, 3H-Biotin, MFCD00005541, NSC 63865, Biotine [INN-French], Biotinum [INN-Latin], Biotina [INN-Spanish], 5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid, cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4)imidazole-4-valeric acid, cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid, AI3-51198, 1swk, 1swn, 1swr, EINECS 200-399-3, Rovimix H 2, D-Biotin Factor S, UNII-6SO6U10H04, 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxo-hexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazolidin-4-yl]pentanoic acid, CHEBI:15956, 6SO6U10H04, 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid, 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid, Medebiotin, NSC-63865, Biotin [USP:INN:JAN], cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3,4]imidazoline-4-valeric acid, (+)-cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]imidazole-4-valeric acid, MD-1003, 1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, (3aS,4S,6aR)-, 1H-Thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, (3aS-(3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha))-, DTXCID102679, DTXSID7022679, 2'-Keto-3,4-imidazolido-2-tetrahydrothiophene-N-valeric acid, L-Biotin, (3aS,4S,6aR)-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-valeric acid, (3aS,4S,6aR)-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-valeric acid, Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, (3aS-(3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha))-, D-Biotin 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, Biotine (INN-French), Biotinum (INN-Latin), Biotina (INN-Spanish), beta-Biotin, BIOTIN (USP-RS), BIOTIN [USP-RS], BIOTIN (MART.), BIOTIN [MART.], Vitamin Bw, Biotin (USP:INN:JAN), (3aS-(3aalpha,4b,6aalpha))-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidaz- ole-4-pentanoic acid, BIOTIN (EP IMPURITY), BIOTIN [EP IMPURITY], BIOTIN (EP MONOGRAPH), BIOTIN [EP MONOGRAPH], BIOTIN (USP MONOGRAPH), BIOTIN [USP MONOGRAPH], Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, 1H-Thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, (3aS,4S,6aR)-, 5-((3AS,4S,6aR)-rel-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid, SMR000112255, D(+)Biotin, 22377-59-9, Biotitum, hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, NSC63865, delta-Biotin, Amerix Biotin, Biotin Drops, Hairq-plus, Vitamin-h, Tk-nax, 1avd, 1ndj, 1stp, 1swg, 1swp, 2avi, 4bcs, 4ggz, 4jnj, Bioepiderm (TN), CAS-58-85-5, Bios H, NCGC00094984-04, 1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, [3as-(3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha)]-, Biotin111In, delta-(+)-Biotin, SUBIR, Biotin Drops2081, Biotin (8CI), delta-biotin factor s, TWINKLE ESSENCE, 1df8, 1n9m, 2gh7, 3t2w, 4bj8, BIOTIN [VANDF], BIOTIN [HSDB], BIOTIN [INCI], SPAI-SONSPROCAPELL, BIOTIN [FCC], BIOTIN [INN], BIOTIN [JAN], BIOTIN [WHO-DD], Prestwick0_000418, Prestwick1_000418, Prestwick2_000418, Prestwick3_000418, BIOTIN [MI],
cid_253, D-BIOTIN [VANDF], SPAI-SONSPROLAC-VIT, BDBM12, bmse000227, CHEMBL857, ExoSCRT Scalp Care HRLV, Probes2_000006, SCHEMBL8763, BIOTIN [ORANGE BOOK], Biotin for system suitability, BSPBio_000376, Biotin (JP17/USP/INN), MLS001066402, MLS001074888, MLS001331736, MLS001333089, D-Biotin, analytical standard, SPBio_002315, BPBio1_000414, cid_171548, GTPL4787, HAIRJOY EYEBROW SIGNATURE, HAIRJOY EYELASH SIGNATURE, A11HA05, AMF0005, 1n43, 2f01, Biotin, >=99.0% (T), YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N, CIS-TETRAHYDRO-2-OXOTHIENO, HMS1569C18, HMS2096C18, HMS2271O06, HMS3713C18, Bonogen Activatorhair loss treatment, HY-B0511, Tox21_113050, Tox21_302161, AC8089, Biotin, tested according to Ph.Eur., s3130, AKOS001287669, Tox21_113050_1, CCG-220418, CIS-HEXAHYDRO-2-OXO-1H-THIENO, DB00121, 1H-Thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, (3aS-(3aalpha,4b,6aalpha))-, Biotin, meets USP testing specifications, Biotin, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%, NCGC00179580-01, NCGC00179580-02, NCGC00179580-04, NCGC00179580-08, NCGC00255377-01, 20 - Potency of multivitamin supplements, 56846-45-8, AC-19998, BP-20441, Biotin, >=99% (TLC), lyophilized powder, Biotin, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, >=99%, AB00374191, B0463, NS00126825, EN300-54173, BIONA-VITCONTROLS AND PREVENTS HAIR LOSS, C00120, D00029, M02926, AB00374191-08, AB00374191_11, A929752, Biotin, plant cell culture tested, >=99% (TLC), Q181354, SR-01000765521, Biotin, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Q-200929, SR-01000765521-2, BRD-K89210380-001-03-8, BRD-K89210380-001-13-7, 6AE43AA3-BC3D-4C49-9DB9-5913A2401EB6, Biotin, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, F2173-0855, Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoate, Z210803762, Biotin, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3,4]imidazoline-4-valerate, (+)-cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]imidazole-4-valerate, 5-(2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoate, Daunorubicin hydrochloride, Antibiotic for Culture Media Use Only, (3aS,4S,6aR)-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-valerate, Biotin, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-, (3aS,4S,6aR)- (9CI), 5-((3aR,6S,6aS)-2-Oxo-hexahydro-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-6-yl)-pentanoic acid, 5-[(3aR,6S,6aS)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-6-yl]pentanoic acid, Biotin for system suitability, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, hexahydro-2-oxo-[3aS-(3aa,4b,6aa)]-1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoate, hexahydro-2-oxo-[3aS-(3aa,4b,6aa)]-1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, hexahydro-2-oxo-[3as-(3alpha,4beta,6alpha)]-1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoate, hexahydro-2-oxo-[3as-(3alpha,4beta,6alpha)]-1H-Thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, Biotin, powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, suitable for plant cell culture, >=99%.

Biotin is composed of a ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring.
A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring.
Biotin is a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis.
Subclinical deficiency of Biotin can cause mild symptoms, such as hair thinning or skin rash typically on the face. Thus, Biotin is recommended for general food fortification and dietary supplement applications.
Generally, Biotin can be used for baby food and dietetics, for solid and liquid pharmaceutical preparations, for cosmetic preparations, and for use in the fermentation industry.

Biotin is widely distributed in animals and plants, and the natural presence of biotin is mainly in the form of binding with other molecules.
The biochemical structure of biotin includes a shuttle chain containing five carbon atoms and two five-membered heterocycles.
In vivo the shuttle of the side chain binds with lysine s residue of enzyme protein, playing a role of coenzyme. Biotin may have 8 different isomers, of which only Biotin has biological activity.
Under normal circumstances, biotin is quite stable, only in the strong acid, alkali, formaldehyde and UV treatment will be destroyed.
Biotin is the carrier of carboxyl in the carboxylation reaction required large ATP.
The carboxyl group is temporarily bound to a nitrogen atom on the bicyclic ring system of biotin, such as in the reaction of pyruvate carboxylase catalyzing the pyruvate carboxylation of oxaloacetate.

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin, essential for amino acids and carbohydrates metabolism.
Biotin is involved in de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides and plays a role in gene expression and DNA replication.

Biotin is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids.
The name biotin, borrowed from the German Biotin, derives from the Ancient Greek word βίοτος (bíotos; 'life') and the suffix "-in" (a suffix used in chemistry usually to indicate 'forming').
Biotin appears as a white crystalline solid that looks like needles.

Biotin Chemical Properties
Melting point: 231-233 °C(lit.)
Alpha: 89 º (c=1, 0.1N NaOH)
Boiling point: 573.6±35.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.2693 (rough estimate)
Refractive index: 90.5 ° (C=2, 0.1mol/L NaOH)
Storage temp.: -20°C
Solubility: H2O: 0.2 mg/mL Solubility increases with addition of 1 N NaOH.
Form: powder
Pka: 4.74±0.10(Predicted)
Color: White crystalline powder or fine long needles
PH: 4.5 (0.1g/l, H2O)
Optical activity: [α]20/D +91±2°, c = 1% in 0.1 M NaOH
Water Solubility: Soluble in hot water, dimethyl sulfoxide, alcohol and benzene.
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
Merck: 14,1231
BRN: 86838
Stability: Stable, but light sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong acids, Formaldehyde, chloramine-T, nitrous acid.
InChIKey: YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N
LogP: 0.861 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 58-85-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Biotin(58-85-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Biotin (58-85-5)

Physiological Function
Biotin(58-85-5) is necessary for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids.
Biotin plays a role in the citric acid cycle, which is the process by which biochemical energy is generated during aerobic respiration.
Biotin is a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis.
In addition, biotin is widely used throughout the biotechnology industry to conjugate proteins for biochemical assays.
We need biotin about 100 to 300 micrograms per day.
There is an antibiotic protein that could combine with biotin in the egg white egg.
After combining, it cannot be absorbed by the digestive tract.
Resulting in animal biotin deficiency, at the same time loss of appetite, glossitis, dermatitis dermatitis, hair removal and so on.

However, there is no case of biotin deficiency on human, probably because in addition to food sources, intestinal bacteria can also synthesize biotin.
Biotin is a coenzyme of a lot of enzymes in the human body.
Biotin participates in the metabolism of aliphatic acid, carbohydrate, vitamin B12, folic acid and pantothenic acid; promoting synthesis of protein and urea, and also promoting excretion.
Help fat, glycogen and amino acids for normal synthesis and metabolism in the human body.
Promote the normal operation and growth of sweat glands, nerve tissue, bone marrow, male gonads, skin and hair, and reduce eczema, dermatitis symptoms.
Prevent white hair and hair loss, contribute to the treatment of baldness.
Relieve muscle pain.
Promote synthesis and excretion of urea, purine synthesis and oleic acid biosynthesis.
For the treatment of atherosclerosis, stroke, dyslipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease and blood circulation disorders.

Absorption
Biotin in food is bound to proteins.
Digestive enzymes reduce the proteins to biotin-bound peptides.
The intestinal enzyme biotinidase, found in pancreatic secretions and in the brush border membranes of all three parts of the small intestine, frees biotin, which is then absorbed from the small intestine.
When consumed as a biotin dietary supplement, absorption is nonsaturable, meaning that even very high amounts are absorbed effectively.
Transport across the jejunum is faster than across the ileum.

The large intestine microbiota synthesize amounts of biotin estimated to be similar to the amount taken in the diet, and a significant portion of this biotin exists in the free (protein-unbound) form and, thus, is available for absorption.
How much is absorbed in humans is unknown, although a review did report that human epithelial cells of the colon in vitro demonstrated an ability to uptake biotin.

Once absorbed, sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) mediates biotin uptake into the liver.
SMVT also binds pantothenic acid, so high intakes of either of these vitamins can interfere with transport of the other.

Biotin deficiency
Biotin deficiency appears to be rare, but some groups may be more susceptible.
Biotin supplements are widely available but rarely necessary.
A deficiency can lead to:
Hair loss
A scaly red rash around the eyes, nose, mouth, and genitals
Cracks in the corner of the mouth
Sore tongue that may be magenta in color
Dry eyes
Loss of appetite

Other symptoms may include:
Depression
Lethargy and fatigue
Hallucinations
Insomnia
Numbness and tingling in the hands and feet
Impaired immune function and increased susceptibility to infections
Pregnant women appear to break down biotin more quickly, and this may lead to a marginal deficiency. Symptoms have not been observed, but such a deficiency could lead to developmental problems for the fetus.

Food source:
Liver
Peanuts
Yeast
Whole-wheat bread
Cheddar cheese
Pork
Salmon
Sardines
Avocado
Raspberries
Bananas
Mushrooms
Cauliflower
Egg yolk

Egg white reduces the effectiveness of biotin from egg yolk in the body because it binds biotin and prevents it from being absorbed.
People who consume only egg white for many years without biotin supplementation have a slight risk of not getting enough vitamin B7.
Processing food reduces levels of nutrients such as biotin, so raw cauliflower, for example, would provide more biotin than cooked cauliflower.

A study published in Advances in Nutrition estimates biotic intake in North America and Western Europe at between 35 to 70 μg per day, or 143 to 287 mmol per day.
According to Oregon State University, biotin is not known to cause toxic effects.
People with hereditary disorders of biotin metabolism tolerate doses of up to 200,000 mcg per day without any problems.
Individuals with no biotin metabolism disorder who took doses of 5,000 mcg per day for 24 months had no adverse effects.
However, it is important to speak to a physician or dietitian before making any change to nutritional intake or using supplements.

Manufacturing Process
4-Carbomethoxy-2-(4,5-dihydrothiophen-3(2H)-one)valeric acid methyl ester was prepared from 4,5-dihydrothiophene as it was described.
A solution of 60.0 g (0.182 mole) this ester in 550 ml absolute ethanol was treated with 91.6 g (1.45 moles) of ammonium formate.
The reaction mixture refluxed for 5.0 hours.
Then it was cooled, concentrated, and partitionated in a separatory funnel between 200 ml dichloromethane and 150 ml water.
The aqueous phase was extracted three times with 50 ml portions of dichloromethane.
The organic extracts were collected, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated. 50 g (0.182 mole, 100%) 3-amino-4- carbomethoxy-2,5-dihydro-2-thiophenevaleric acid methyl ester was obtained as a colorless oil.
To a solution of 27.3 g (1 mole) of 3-amino-4-carbomethoxy-2,5-dihydro-2- thiophenevaleric acid methyl ester in 250 ml dry methanol was added 4.0 g (0.1 mole) of sodium hydroxide pellets.
The reaction mixture was refluxed 4.0 hrs, cooled and concentrated to a volume of 50 ml.
The residue was taken up in 80 ml dichloromethane and transfered to a separatory funnel.
After the addition of 150 ml of 10% by weight aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, the aqueous layer was extracted twice with 50 ml portions of dichloromethane.
The organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to yield 6.4 g (0.0234 mole) of recovered starting material.
The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 1 with 6 N hydrochloric acid and extracted three times with 75 ml portions of dichloromethane.
The organic phases were pooled, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to yield 18.3 g (0.071 mole, 71%) of 3- amino-4-carbomethoxy-2,5-dihydro-2-thiophenevaleric acid as a tan solid, upon trituration with pet. ether.
The recovered starting material, 6.4 g (0.0234 mole) was dissolved in 70 ml dry methanol and treated with 1.0 g (0.025 mole) sodium hydroxide.
The mixture was refluxed 5.0 hrs, cooled concentrated, and taken up in 80 ml dichloromethane.
The organic phase was treated in a separatory funnel with 100 ml of 10% by weight aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution.
The aqueous phase was extracted twice with 40 ml portions of dichloromethane.
The aqueous phase was acidified to pH 1 with 6 N hydrochloric acid and extracted two times with 50 ml portions of dichloromethane.
The organic phases were cooled, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness to afford an additional 5.3 g (0.021 mole, 21%) of 3-amino-4-carbomethoxy- 2,5-dihydro-2-thiophenevaleric acid; m.p. 98°-102°C.

BIS(METHACRYLOYLOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 32435-46-4, Nom INCI : BIS(METHACRYLOYLOXYETHYL) PHOSPHATE. Nom chimique : 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1,1'-[phosphinicobis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)] ester. Agent d'entretien des ongles : Améliore les caractéristiques esthétiques des ongles

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has good heat stability, plasticized capacity, resistance to freeze, electrical properties and good UV filtering properties.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is not soluble in water but is soluble in oil and finds use as a solvent in glow sticks.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is an organic compound and included in the class of phthalates which are used as plasticizers.

CAS Number: 117-81-7
EC Number: 204-211-0 617-060-4
Chemical Formula: C24H38O4
Molar Mass: 390.564 g·mol−1

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2C8H17)2.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is the most common member of the class of phthalates, which are used as plasticizers.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is the diester of phthalic acid and the branched-chain 2-ethylhexanol.
This colorless viscous liquid is soluble in oil, but not in water.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has good heat stability, plasticized capacity, resistance to freeze, electrical properties and good UV filtering properties.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used in PVC, PE, cellulose, film, artificial leather, cable, pipe material, sheet material, mold plastic and rubber.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a non-volatile solvent mainly used as a plasticizer for polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) and polyisoprene (PI).
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a combustible non-toxic colorless oily liquid with slight odor.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is an organic compound and included in the class of phthalates which are used as plasticizers.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a colorless liquid and the diester of phthalic acid.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is not soluble in water but is soluble in oil and finds use as a solvent in glow sticks.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a diester of phthalic acid.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a low cost, general use plasticizer, which can be useful in hydraulic fluid applications and as a dielectric fluid in capacitors.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is still widely used as a plasticizer in selected applications where volatiles are less of an issue.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also used as a hydraulic fluid and as a dielectric fluid in capacitors.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was the most widely used material as a plasticizer in manufacturing of articles made of PVC.
Due to toxicity reasons, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate usage has dropped and has been replaced by lower volatile phthalate and phthalate free products in some PVC and other applications

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, also known as dioctyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate or DEHP, is a member of the class of compounds known as benzoic acid esters.
Benzoic acid esters are ester derivatives of benzoic acid.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate pKa).
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can be found in kohlrabi, which makes di(n-octyl) phthalate a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound.
Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors.

Animal studies have shown that they disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young, such as reduced anogenital distance (AGD), cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reduced fertility.
The combination of effects associated with phthalates is called 'phthalate syndrome’ (A2883) (T3DB).

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a clear, colourless liquid which is slightly more dense than water with a slight but characteristic odour.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is miscible with most organic solvents but not soluble in water.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has several advantages over some other plasticizers in that Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is more economical.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate provides the desired changes to physical and mechanical properties without causing changes to the chemical structure of the polymer.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate jellifies quickly; in lacquer applications Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate serves to eliminate cracks, increase resistance and provide a smooth surface.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is often used as a general purpose plasticizer.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is highly cost effective and also widely available.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate broad range of characteristics such as high plasticizing efficiency, low volatility, UV-resistance, water-extracting proof, cold-resisting property, softness and electric property makes Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate suitable for making a wide range of products.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used in the production of synthetic rubber, as a softening agent to make the synthetic rubber easier to rebound and harder to undergo form change under pressure.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is widely used in PVC and ethyl cellulose resins to make plastic film, imitation leather, electric wire, etc.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, also known as diethylhexyl phthalate, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H4 (CO2C8H17).
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, characterized by Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate molecular weight, high boiling point, and low vapor pressure, is one of the most widely used general emollients.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is synthesized by the reaction of phthalic anhydride with an chemical alcohol such as 2-ethyl hexanol.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a softener used in the production of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is insoluble in water and has good stability against heat, ultraviolet light, wide compatibility, and has excellent resistance to hydrolysis.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a colorless, odorless, oily liquid that doesn't evaporate easily.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a man-made substance used to keep plastics soft or more flexible.

This type of plastic can be used for medical tubing and blood storage bags, wire and cables, carpetback coating, floor tile, and adhesives.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also used in cosmetics and pesticides.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate appears as a clear liquid with a mild odor.
Slightly less dense than water and insoluble in water.
The primary hazard is the threat to the environment.

Immediate steps should be taken to limit Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate spread to the environment.
As a liquid, can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams.

Eye contact may produce severe irritation and direct skin contact may produce mild irritation.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used in the manufacture of a variety of plastics and coating products.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a phthalate ester and a diester.

Applications of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a phthalate ester which is used in the manufacture of a wide range of plastics and coating products.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used as a plasticizer in PVC paste and pulp mixtures and as an additive in many other processes.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can be found in many end products including PVC soles for shoes and slippers, synthetic leather, waterproof membranes, paints, varnishes, floor coverings, door mats and hoses.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also used in the calendaring process of paper finishing, to produce PVC granules, as a hydraulic or dielectric fluid in capacitors, in toxicology studies and in risk assessment studies on food contamination which occurs via migration of phthalates into foodstuffs from food-contact materials (FCM).

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a plasticizer used in the production of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is one of the most widely used plasticizers in PVC due to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate low cost.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a general-purpose plasticizer and long-time industry standard known for Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate good stability to heat and ultraviolet light, and broad range of compatibility for use with PVC resins.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can also be used as dielectric and hydraulic fluids.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also a solvent for many chemicals, such as in glowsticks.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a non-volatile solvent mainly used as a plasticizer for polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) and polyisoprene (PI).

Plasticizers for:
Cables and wires.
Building and construction for cladding and roof membranes.

PVC pipes and flooring.
Others such as hoses, shoe soles sealings industrial doors, swimming pool covers, shower curtains, roofing materials, water beds, furniture and disposable gloves.

Plastic Industry:

Plasticizers:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can be used as a softening agent, such as to make Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate easier to rebound and harder to undergo form change under pressure, without affecting of the plastics.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate possesses Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate good plasticizing properties thanks to the ability to make the long polimers molecules to slide against one another.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is extensively used in processing polyvinyl choride and ethylcellulose resins to produce plastic film, imitation leather, electric wire, cable wearer, sheet, planet, mould plastic products and used in nitrocellulose paints.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has the applications in the industry of automotive, building and construction material, flooring, medical device.

Wood Coating:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used in the industrial wood coating to enhance the performance properties of the wood coatings formulations.

Medical Devices:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used a plasticiser in the manufacture of medical and sanitary products, such as blood bags and dialysis equipment.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has a further and unique role in blood bags because Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate actually helps to prolong the life of the blood itself.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate also stabilises the membranes of red blood cells enabling blood product storage in PVC blood bags for several weeks.

Plastics may contain from 1% to 40% of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

Uses of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used as a plasticizer and dye carrier for film, wire, cables, and adhesives.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used as a plasticizer in carpet backing, packaging films, medical tubing, blood storage bags, floor tile, wire, cables, and adhesives.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also used in cosmetics and pesticides.

There are no known commercial uses for pure DnOP.
However, DnOP constitutes approximately 20% of C6-10 phthalate substance.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used in PVC utilized in the manufacture of flooring and carpet tile, canvas tarps, swimming pool liners, notebook covers, traffic cones, toys, vinyl gloves, garden hoses, weather stripping, flea collars, and shoes.
DnOP-containing phthalate substances are also used in PVC intended for food applications such as seam cements, bottle cap liners, and conveyor belts.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is principally used as a plasticizer in the production of plastics and PVC resins.
When used as a plasticizer, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can represent 5-60% of the total weight of the plastics and resins.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate increases flexibility and enhances or alters the properties of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also used for cellulose ester and polystyrene resins, as a dye carrier in plastic production (primarily PVC), and as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of adhesives, plastisols, and nitrocellulose lacquer coatings.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate also serves as a carrier for catalysts or initiators and as a substitute for electrical capacitor fluid.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is monomeric plasticizer for vinyl and cellulosic resins.

Due to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate suitable properties and the low cost, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is widely used as a plasticizer in manufacturing of articles made of PVC.
Plastics may contain 1% to 40% of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also used as a hydraulic fluid and as a dielectric fluid in capacitors.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate also finds use as a solvent in glowsticks.

Approximately three million tonnes are produced and used annually worldwide.

Manufacturers of flexible PVC articles can choose among several alternative plasticizers offering similar technical properties as Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
These alternatives include other phthalates such as diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-2-propyl heptyl phthalate (DPHP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), and non-phthalates such as 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH), dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), and citrate esters.

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Working with Glues and Adhesives
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Environmental exposure of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is a component of many household items, including tablecloths, floor tiles, shower curtains, garden hoses, rainwear, dolls, toys, shoes, medical tubing, furniture upholstery, and swimming pool liners.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is an indoor air pollutant in homes and schools.

Common exposures come from the use of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as a fragrance carrier in cosmetics, personal care products, laundry detergents, colognes, scented candles, and air fresheners.
The most common exposure to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate comes through food with an average consumption of 0.25 milligrams per day.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can also leach into a liquid that comes in contact with the plastic.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate extracts faster into nonpolar solvents (e.g. oils and fats in foods packed in PVC).

Fatty foods that are packaged in plastics that contain Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate are more likely to have higher concentrations such as milk products, fish or seafood, and oils.
The US FDA therefore permits use of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-containing packaging only for foods that primarily contain water.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can leach into drinking water from discharges from rubber and chemical factories; The US EPA limits for Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in drinking water is 6 ppb.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is also commonly found in bottled water, but unlike tap water, the EPA does not regulate levels in bottled water.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate levels in some European samples of milk, were found at 2000 times higher than the EPA Safe Drinking Water limits (12,000 ppb).
Levels of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in some European cheeses and creams were even higher, up to 200,000 ppb, in 1994.

Additionally, workers in factories that utilize Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in production experience greater exposure.
The U.S. agency OSHA's limit for occupational exposure is 5 mg/m3 of air.

Use in medical devices of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is the most common phthalate plasticizer in medical devices such as intravenous tubing and bags, IV catheters, nasogastric tubes, dialysis bags and tubing, blood bags and transfusion tubing, and air tubes.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate makes these plastics softer and more flexible and was first introduced in the 1940s in blood bags.

For this reason, concern has been expressed about leachates of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate transported into the patient, especially for those requiring extensive infusions or those who are at the highest risk of developmental abnormalities, e.g. newborns in intensive care nursery settings, hemophiliacs, kidney dialysis patients, neonates, premature babies, lactating, and pregnant women.
According to the European Commission Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER), exposure to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate may exceed the tolerable daily intake in some specific population groups, namely people exposed through medical procedures such as kidney dialysis.

The American Academy of Pediatrics has advocated not to use medical devices that can leach Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate into patients and, instead, to resort to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-free alternatives.
In July 2002, the U.S. FDA issued a Public Health Notification on Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, stating in part, "We recommend considering such alternatives when these high-risk procedures are to be performed on male neonates, pregnant women who are carrying male fetuses, and peripubertal males" noting that the alternatives were to look for non-Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure solutions; they mention a database of alternatives.

The CBC documentary The Disappearing Male raised concerns about sexual development in male fetal development, miscarriage), and as a cause of dramatically lower sperm counts in men.
A review article in 2010 in the Journal of Transfusion Medicine showed a consensus that the benefits of a lifesaving treatments with these devices far outweigh the risks of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate leaching out of these devices.

Although more research is needed to develop alternatives to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate that gives the same benefits of being soft and flexible, which are required for most medical procedures.
If a procedure requires one of these devices and if patient is at high risk to suffer from Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate then a Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate alternative should be considered if medically safe.

Metabolism of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate hydrolyzes to mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and subsequently to phthalate salts.
The released alcohol is susceptible to oxidation to the aldehyde and carboxylic acid.

Manufacturing process of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
All manufacturers of phthalate esters use the same processes.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is manufactured by phthalic sterilization of anhydride with 2-ethyl-hexanol.
This reaction occurs in two successive stages. The first stage of the reaction leads to the formation of a monoester by the de-alcoholization of phthalic acid, this step is completed quickly.

The second step of the production of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate involves converting the monoster to a diester.
This is a reversible reaction and proceeds more slowly than the first reaction.

To change the equilibrium towards the diester, the reaction water is removed by distillation.
High temperatures and catalysts accelerate the reaction rate.
Depending on the catalyst used, the temperature in the second stage varies from 140°C to 165°C with acidic catalysts and from 200°C to 250°C with amphoteric catalysts.

Purity changes may occur depending on the catalyst, the reacting alcohol, and the type of process.
Excess alcohol is recovered and the Iran Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is purified by vacuum distillation.

The reaction sequence is performed in a closed system.
This process can be performed sequentially or in batches.

Manufacturing Methods of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is produced commercially as a component of mixed phthalate esters, including straight- chain C6, C8, and Cl0 phthalates.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is produced at atmospheric pressure or in a vacuum by heating an excess of n-octanol with phthalic anhydride in the presence of an esterification catalyst such as sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid.

The process may be either continuous or discontinuous.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can also be produced by the reaction of n-octylbromide with phthalic anhydride.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is formed via the esterification of n-octanol with phthalic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst (sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid) or noncatalytically at high temperature.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Plasticizers:
Materials incorporated mechanically in plastics (usually PVC) to increase flexibility, workability or distensibility; due to the non-chemical inclusion, plasticizers leach out from the plastic and are found in body fluids and the general environment.

Identification of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Analytic Laboratory Methods:

Method: DOE OM100R
Procedure: gas chromatography with mass spectrometer ion trap detector
Analyte: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Matrix: solid waste matrices, soils, and groundwater
Detection Limit: 160 ug/L.

Method: EPA-EAD 1625
Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Analyte: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Matrix: water
Detection Limit: 10 ug/L.

Method: EPA-EAD 606
Procedure: gas chromatography with electron capture detector
Analyte: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Matrix: wastewater and other waters
Detection Limit: 3 ug/L.

Method: EPA-NERL 506
Procedure: gas chromatography with photoionization detection
Analyte: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Matrix: drinking water
Detection Limit: 6.42 ug/L.

Production of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is produced commercially by the reaction of excess 2-ethylhexanol with phthalic anhydride in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid or para-toluenesulfonic acid.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was first produced in commercial quantities in Japan circa 1933 and in the United States in 1939.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has two stereocenters, located at the carbon atoms carrying the ethyl groups.
As a result, has three distinct stereoisomers, consisting of an (R,R) form, an (S,S) form (diastereomers), and a meso (R, S) form.
As most 2-ethylhexanol is produced as a racemic mixture, commercially-produced Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is therefore almost always racemic as well, and consists of equal amounts of all three stereoisomers.

Properties of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, is clear, colourless, viscous liquid with a slight, characteristic odor.
Soluble in ethanol, ether, mineral oil and the majority of organic solvents.
Immiscible with water, resistant to hydrolysis and air oxygen activity.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate high plasticizing efficiency, fusion rate, visosity, low volatility, UV-resisting property, water-extracting proof, cold-resisting property, and also good softness and electric property found a lot of applications in many offshoots of the industry.

Effects on living organisms of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Endocrine disruption:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, along with other phthalates, is believed to cause endocrine disruption in males, through Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate action as an androgen antagonist, and may have lasting effects on reproductive function, for both childhood and adult exposures.
Prenatal phthalate exposure has been shown to be associated with lower levels of reproductive function in adolescent males.

In another study, airborne concentrations of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate at a PVC pellet plant were significantly associated with a reduction in sperm motility and chromatin DNA integrity.
Additionally, the authors noted the daily intake estimates for Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were comparable to the general population, indicating a "high percentage of men are exposed to levels of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate that may affect sperm motility and chromatin DNA integrity".

The claims have received support by a study using dogs as a "sentinel species to approximate human exposure to a selection of chemical mixtures present in the environment".
The authors analyzed the concentration of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and other common chemicals such as PCBs in testes from dogs from five different world regions.
The results showed that regional differences in concentration of the chemicals are reflected in dog testes and that pathologies such as tubule atrophy and germ cells were more prevalent in testes of dogs proveining from regions with higher concentrations.

Development:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure during pregnancy has been shown to disrupt placental growth and development in mice, resulting in higher rates of low birthweight, premature birth, and fetal loss.
In a separate study, exposure of neonatal mice to Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate through lactation caused hypertrophy of the adrenal glands and higher levels of anxiety during puberty.
In another study, pubertal administration of higher-dose Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate delayed puberty in rats, reduced testosterone production, and inhibited androgen-dependent development; low doses showed no effect.

Government and industry response of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Taiwan:
In October 2009, Consumers' Foundation, Taiwan (CFCT) published test results that found 5 out of the sampled 12 shoes contained over 0.1% of phthalate plasticizer content, including Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, which exceeds the government's Toy Safety Standard (CNS 4797).
CFCT recommend that users should first wear socks to avoid direct skin contact.

In May 2011, the illegal use of the plasticizer Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in clouding agents for use in food and beverages has been reported in Taiwan.
An inspection of products initially discovered the presence of plasticizers.
As more products were tested, inspectors found more manufacturers using Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and DINP.
The Department of Health confirmed that contaminated food and beverages had been exported to other countries and regions, which reveals the widespread prevalence of toxic plasticizers.

European Union:
Concerns about chemicals ingested by children when chewing plastic toys prompted the European Commission to order a temporary ban on phthalates in 1999, the decision of which is based on an opinion by the Commission's Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE).
A proposal to make the ban permanent was tabled.

Until 2004, EU banned the use of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate along with several other phthalates (DBP, BBP, DINP, DIDP and DNOP) in toys for young children.
In 2005, the Council and the Parliament compromised to propose a ban on three types of phthalates (DINP, DIDP, and DNOP) "in toys and childcare articles which can be placed in the mouth by children".
Therefore, more products than initially planned will thus be affected by the directive.

In 2008, six substances were considered to be of very high concern (SVHCs) and added to the Candidate List including musk xylene, MDA, HBCDD, DEHP, BBP, and DBP.
In 2011, those six substances have been listed for Authorization in Annex XIV of REACH by Regulation (EU) No 143/2011.
According to the regulation, phthalates including DEHP, BBP and DBP will be banned from February 2015.

In 2012, Danish Environment Minister Ida Auken announced the ban of DEHP, DBP, DIBP and BBP, pushing Denmark ahead of the European Union which has already started a process of phasing out phthalates.
However, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was postponed by two years and would take effect in 2015 and not in December 2013, which was the initial plan.
The reason is that the four phthalates are far more common than expected and that producers cannot phase out phthalates as fast as the Ministry of Environment requested.

In 2012, France became the first country in the EU to ban the use of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in pediatrics, neonatal, and maternity wards in hospitals.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has now been classified as a Category 1B reprotoxin, and is now on the Annex XIV of the European Union's REACH legislation.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has been phased out in Europe under REACH and can only be used in specific cases if an authorization has been granted.
Authorizations are granted by the European Commission, after obtaining the opinion of the Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) and the Committee for Socio-economic Analysis (SEAC) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).

California:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is classified as a "chemical known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm" (in this case, both) under the terms of Proposition 65.

Handling and storage of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Precautions for safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.
Avoid generation of vapours/aerosols.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1C: Combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects

Storage of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate should be stored in tightly-closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate should be handled in accordance with good industry safety and hygiene practices.
Relevant engineering controls should be implemented.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate may cause skin irritation if contact is repeated or prolonged, as well as severe eye irritation.
Risks from inhalation of vapour are minimal at room temperature but may cause irritation at higher temperatures.
Personal protective equipment including approved safety glasses, impervious clothing and gloves must be worn, and respirators should be worn where deemed necessary by risk assessments for the task being carried out.

Stability and reactivity of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

Chemical stability
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Conditions to avoid
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

First aid measures of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

General advice:
Show Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Carbon oxides
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Identifiers of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
CAS Number: 117-81-7
ChEBI: CHEBI:17747
ChEMBL: ChEMBL402794
ChemSpider: 21106505
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.829
EC Number: 204-211-0 617-060-4
KEGG: C03690
PubChem CID: 8343
RTECS number: TI0350000
UNII: C42K0PH13C
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5020607
InChI: InChI=1S/C24H38O4/c1-5-9-13-19(7-3)17-27-23(25)21-15-11-12-16-22(21)24(26)28-18-20(8-4)14-10-6-2/h11-12,15-16,19-20H,5-10,13-14,17-18H2,1-4H3
Key: BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: O=C(OCC(CC)CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1C(OCC(CC)CCCC)=O

Synonym(s): Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP, DOP, Phthalic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl ester)
Linear Formula: C6H4-1,2-[CO2CH2CH(C2H5)(CH2)3CH3]2
CAS Number: 117-81-7
Molecular Weight: 390.56
Beilstein: 1890696
EC Number: 204-211-0
MDL number: MFCD00009493
PubChem Substance ID: 24893594
NACRES: NA.22

Properties of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Chemical formula: C24H38O4
Molar mass: 390.564 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless, oily liquid
Density: 0.99 g/mL (20°C)
Melting point: −50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K)
Boiling point: 385 °C (725 °F; 658 K)
Solubility in water: 0.00003% (23.8 °C)
Vapor pressure: < 0.01 mmHg (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4870

vapor density: >16 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
vapor pressure: 1.2 mmHg ( 93 °C)
Assay: ≥99.5%
form: oil
autoignition temp.: 734 °F
impurities: ≤0.05% water (Karl Fischer)
color: APHA: ≤10

refractive index:
n25/D 1.483-1.487
n20/D 1.486 (lit.)

bp: 384 °C (lit.)
mp: −50 °C (lit.)

density:
0.985-0.987 g/mL at 20 °C
0.985 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

suitability: suitable for acidity (<=0.003%as phthalic acid)

SMILES string: CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)c1ccccc1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC
InChI: 1S/C24H38O4/c1-5-9-13-19(7-3)17-27-23(25)21-15-11-12-16-22(21)24(26)28-18-20(8-4)14-10-6-2/h11-12,15-16,19-20H,5-10,13-14,17-18H2,1-4H3
InChI key: BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 390.6 g/mol
XLogP3: 9.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 18
Exact Mass: 390.27700969 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 390.27700969 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 28
Complexity: 369
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Names of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Regulatory process names:
Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP)
Dioctyl phthalate
Dioctyl phthalate
dioctyl phthalate

IUPAC names:
1,2-dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Di-n-octyl Phthalate
dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
dioctyl phtalate
DIOCTYL PHTHALATE
Dioctyl phthalate
dioctyl phthalate

Preferred IUPAC name:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate

Other names:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di-sec octyl phthalate (archaic)
DEHP
Isooctyl phthalate, di-
DNOP

Other identifiers:
117-84-0
27214-90-0
8031-29-6

Synonyms of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
Dioctyl phthalate
DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE
117-84-0
dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
DNOP
Vinicizer 85
Dinopol NOP
n-Octyl phthalate
Phthalic acid, dioctyl ester
Phthalic acid di-n-octyl ester
Dioctyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Dioctyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
Bis(n-octyl) phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-dioctyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester
RCRA waste number U107
di-octyl phthalate
Dioktylester kyseliny ftalove
NSC 15318
N-Dioctyl phthalate
CCRIS 6196
o-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarbonic acid, dioctyl ester
HSDB 1345
AI3-15071 (USDA)
EINECS 204-214-7
8031-29-6
Dioktylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
RCRA waste no. U107
BRN 1915994
Benzenedicarboxylic acid di-n-octyl ester
UNII-8X3RJ0527W
DTXSID1021956
CHEBI:34679
8X3RJ0527W
NSC-15318
NCGC00090781-02
DTXCID801956
Phthalic acid, bis-n-octyl ester
CAS-117-84-0
Di-n-octyl phthalate, analytical standard
Dioktylftalat
Diocyl phthalate
n-Dioctylphthalate
1, dioctyl ester
Vinycizer 85
Phthalate, Dioctyl
di-n-octylphthalate
Dioctyl o-phthalate
Phthalic acid dioctyl
Dioctyl phthalate, n-
DOP (CHRIS Code)
Dioctyl phthalate, n-;
Phtalate de dioctyle normal
Di-n-octylphthalate (DnOP)
SCHEMBL23053
BIDD:ER0319
DnOP (Di-n-octyl phthalate)
CHEMBL1409747
NSC15318
DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE [HSDB]
Tox21_111020
Tox21_202233
Tox21_300549
Di-n-octyl phthalate, p.a., 99%
LS-594
MFCD00015292
STL280370
O-Benzenedicarboxylicacid Dioctylester
AKOS015889916
1,2-dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
NCGC00090781-01
NCGC00090781-03
NCGC00090781-04
NCGC00090781-05
NCGC00254360-01
NCGC00259782-01
Di-n-octyl phthalate, >=98.0% (GC)
FT-0655747
FT-0667608
P0304
EN300-40135
IS_DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE-3,4,5,6-D4
A803836
Q908490
J-003672
J-520376
F0001-0293
Z407875554
Di-n-octyl phthalate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
4-[Bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl]morpholine
4-[Bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphoryl]morpholin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-[Bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphoryl]morpholine [ACD/IUPAC Name]
4-[Bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphoryl]morpholine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
545-82-4 [RN]
Aziridine, 1,1'-(4-morpholinylphosphinylidene)bis-
Aziridine, 1,1'-(morpholinophosphinylidene)bis-
Bis(1-aziridinyl)morpholinophosphine oxide
Dioctyl phthalate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Morpholine, 4-[bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl]- [ACD/Index Name]
4-(di(aziridin-1-yl)phosphoryl)morpholine
4-[BIS(AZIRIDIN-1-YL)PHOSPHOROSO]MORPHOLINE
4-[bis(aziridin-1-yl)phosphoryl]morpholine
Aziridine, 1, 1'-(4-morpholinylphosphinylidene)bis-
Lederle 7-7344
MEPA
Morpholine, 4-(bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl)- (9CI)
Morpholine, 4-[bis (1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl]-
N-(3-Oxapentamethylene)-N',N''-diethylenephosphoramide
N, N'-Diethylene-N''-(3-oxapentamethylene)phosphoramide
N,N'-Diethylene-N''-(3-oxapentamethylene)phosphoramide
ODEPA
Oxa DEPA
Phosphine oxide, bis (1-aziridinyl)morpholino-
Phosphine oxide, bis(1-aziridinyl)-4-morpholinyl-
Phosphine oxide, bis(1-aziridinyl)morpholino-
Phosphine oxide, bis(1-aziridinyl)morpholino- (8CI)
Dioctyl phthalate
DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE
117-84-0
dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Dinopol NOP
n-Octyl phthalate
Vinicizer 85
DNOP
Phthalic acid, dioctyl ester
Polycizer 162
Phthalic acid di-n-octyl ester
Dioctyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Dioctyl o-benzenedicarboxylate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-dioctyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester
Bis(n-octyl) phthalate
Dioktylester kyseliny ftalove
NSC 15318
UNII-8X3RJ0527W
1,2-Benzenedicarbonic acid, dioctyl ester
CHEBI:34679
8X3RJ0527W
MFCD00015292
68515-43-5
NCGC00090781-02
DSSTox_CID_1956
DSSTox_RID_76425
DSSTox_GSID_21956
8031-29-6
octyl 2-(octyloxycarbonyl)benzoate
di-octyl phthalate
CAS-117-84-0
Di-n-octyl phthalate, analytical standard
CCRIS 6196
HSDB 1345
AI3-15071 (USDA)
EINECS 204-214-7
Dioktylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
RCRA waste no. U107
BRN 1915994
Benzenedicarboxylic acid di-n-octyl ester
1, dioctyl ester
Vinycizer 85
di-n-octylphthalate
Dioctyl o-phthalate
Phthalic acid dioctyl
Phthalic acid, bis-n-octyl ester
0014AD
ANW-17052
Di-n-octyl phthalate, p.a., 99%
NSC-15318
SBB008723
STL280370
AKOS015889916
MCULE-5138747558
1,2-dioctyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Di-n-octyl phthalate, >=98.0% (GC)
LS-15074
FT-0655747
FT-0667608
P0304
ST50826905
C14227
1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID DIOCTYL ESTER
Di-n-octyl phthalate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)

Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an organic chemical, specifically a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle with tertiary amine functionality.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine-based catalyst .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.


CAS Number: 6425-39-4
EC Number: 229-194-7
MDL number: MFCD00072740
Chemical name: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3



SYNONYMS:
2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, [ChemIDplus] Lupragen N 106, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether, DMDEE, [BASF MSDS] DABCO DMDEE catalyst, [Air Products MSDS] JCDMDEE, JEFFCAT DMDEE, [Huntsman Petrochemical, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, 2,2′-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, .BETA., .BETA.'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)BIS(MORPHOLINE), 4,4'- (OXYDIETHYLENE)DIMORPHOLINE, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS(MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2, 1-ETHANEDIYL)BIS-, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)DI-, NSC-28749, 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Niax« Catalyst DMDEE, 4,4′-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, Morpholone 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- 4,4’-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholone], Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether



Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a strong foaming catalyst, which can make NCO containing components have a long storage life due to the steric effect of amino group.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee), with the chemical formula C10H20N2O2 and CAS registry number 6425-39-4, is a compound known for its use as a solvent and a reagent in various chemical reactions.


This colorless liquid, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee), also referred to as DME, is characterized by its two morpholine rings attached to the diethyl ether backbone.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a straw yellow viscous liquid.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a colorless to yellowish liquid with an odor of amines.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) has fishy odor.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) acts as a very selective blowing catalyst.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) provides a stable prepolymer system.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a liquid, tertiary amine catalyst used in the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams and
adhesives.


In polyol formulations, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) has shown good blowing efficiency and mild gel activity, and is excellent for consideration where storage stability is critical due to the acidity coming from HFO, formic acid or polyesters.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is suitable for water curing systems, A strong blowing catalyst, due to the steric hindrance of amino groups, can extend the storage period of NCO components, suitable for the catalytic reaction of NCO and water in systems such as TDI, MDI, and IPDI.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an acronym for dimorpholinodiethyl ether but is almost always referred to as DMDEE (pronounced dumdee) in the polyurethane industry.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an organic chemical, specifically a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle with tertiary amine functionality.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a catalyst used mainly to produce polyurethane foam.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) has the CAS number 6425-39-4 and is TSCA and REACH registered and on EINECS with the number 229-194-7.
The IUPAC name of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine and the chemical formula C12H24N2O3.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine-based catalyst .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a strong foaming catalyst.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid and is soluble in water.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine catalyst suitable for water curing systems.


Due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups, NCO-containing components can have a long storage period.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is one of the important polyurethane catalysts.


There are two methods for the synthesis of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee): diethylene glycol and ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and metal catalysts, reacting at high temperature and high pressure to obtain bismorpholinyl diethyl ether; or diethylene glycol and morpholine in hydrogen and metal catalyst copper or cobalt.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a strong blowing catalyst with low gelling activity.
Therefore, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a preferred catalyst for one-component polyurethane systems (OCF and prepolymers) with long shelf life.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine blowing catalyst particularly suitable for one- and two-component rigid foam sealant systems as well as flexible slabstock foams.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) provides system tability in moisture cured polyurethane
Stored Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) in a cool dry place out of direct sunlight.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine catalyst suitable for curing system.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) accounts for 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine catalyst suitable for curing systems.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a strong blowing catalyst.


Due to the steric hindrance of the amino group, the NCO-containing components have a long storage period.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee), with the chemical formula C10H24N2O2, has the CAS number 6425-39-4.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a chemical compound that appears as a colorless liquid with a faint odor.


The basic structure of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) consists of two morpholine rings attached to an ethyl group.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is soluble in water.
In terms of safety information, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) may cause irritation to the skin and eyes.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a reactive chemical agent that has been used as a sealant for the insulation and maintenance of joints.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) reacts with water vapor or moisture in the air, which causes it to harden.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is also known as DMDE and has been used in analytical chemistry as an optimal reagent for reactions with high resistance.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a divalent hydrocarbon molecule with two hydroxy groups on its backbone.


The reaction products of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) are viscosity and reaction solution.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can be used in coatings due to its reactivity.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is important to avoid direct contact with this chemical.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an amine-like odor.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is also miscible with water.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) molecule contains a total of 41 atom(s).
There are 24 Hydrogen atom(s), 12 Carbon atom(s), 2 Nitrogen atom(s), and 3 Oxygen atom(s).
A chemical formula of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can therefore be written as: C12H24N2O3


The chemical formula of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) shown above is based on the molecular formula indicating the numbers of each type of atom in a molecule without structural information, which is different from the empirical formula which provides the numerical proportions of atoms of each type.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an amine based catalyst that is also known as dimorpholino-diethyl ether.



USES and APPLICATIONS of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Other release to the environment of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and building & construction work.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used for the manufacture of: furniture.


Release to the environment of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used as a polyurethane catalyst.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) tends to be used in one-component rather than 2-component polyurethane systems.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee)'s use has been investigated in polyurethanes for controlled drug release and also adhesives for medical applications.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and polymers.


Other release to the environment of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee)'s use as a catalyst including the kinetics and thermodynamics have been studied and reported on extensively.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a popular catalyst along with DABCO.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is mainly used for one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft and semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can be used in one- and two-component sealant foams as well as flexible slabstock foams.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is suitable for use in water curing systems.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is also used in hot melt adhesives.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) has been studied for its potential applications in organic synthesis and as a solvent for various reactions.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is an important compound in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering, contributing to the development of new materials and processes.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is mainly used for single-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-hard foam, CASE materials, etc.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is suitable for use in water curing systems.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a strong foaming catalyst .


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.
Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.


The CASE material or the like is added in an amount of 0.3 to 0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used as a one-component polyurethane system (such as one-component polyurethane sealant, one-component polyurethane foam, one-component polyurethane


The catalyst (or curing agent) in grouting materials, etc.).
Since one-component polyurethane prepolymer requires long-term storage stability, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) plays a key role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymer.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) quality puts forward extremely high requirements.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used in one-component coating systems.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used intermediate used in Polyurethane catalysts and Initial product for chemical syntheses.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used as a catalyst (or curing agent) in one-component polyurethane systems (eg, one-component polyurethane caulk, one-component polyurethane foam adhesive, one-component polyurethane grouting material, etc.) .
Since single-component polyurethane prepolymers require long-term storage stability, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) plays an important role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymers, which also puts forward very high requirements for the quality of bismorpholine diethyl ether products.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and also used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-rigid foam, CASE material, etc.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV).
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used good blowing catalyst that does not cause cross-linking.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can also be used as catalyst for formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica.


Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a strong foaming catalyst .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.


Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used catalyst particularly suitable for one component polyurethane rigid foam sealant systems.


Important While the descriptions, designs, data and information contained herein are presented in good faith and believed to be accurate, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is provided for your guidance only.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used as a blowing agent in the production of flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


-Scientific Research Applications of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee):
*Catalyst in Polyurethane Foam Production:
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether: acts as an effective catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams .

Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) facilitates the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, which are the key components in creating these foams.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee)’s ability to accelerate the gelling process without promoting cross-linking makes it valuable in manufacturing flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams.


-Property Modifier for Analytical Techniques:
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) , which is utilized in Matrix Assisted Ionization Vacuum (MAIV) analysis .

This application is significant in the field of mass spectrometry, where Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) aids in the ionization process of analytes, thus enhancing the detection and analysis of various substances.


-Adhesive Formulation uses of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is also used in formulating adhesives .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee)'s chemical properties contribute to the adhesive’s performance, particularly in terms of flexibility, curing time, and bonding strength.


-Modifier in Polypropylene Glycol (PPG) Silica:
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) serves as a modifier in the incorporation of fumed silica into polypropylene glycol .
This modification is crucial in enhancing the properties of PPG, such as viscosity and thermal stability, which are important in various industrial applications.


-Catalyst for Blowing Reactions:
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee): is a good blowing catalyst that is used in reactions to create foams .
This application of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is particularly relevant in the production of insulation materials, where controlled foam expansion is necessary.


-Research on Amine-Based Catalysts use of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee):
Lastly, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is subject to research as an amine-based catalyst .
Scientists are investigating Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee)'s catalytic properties in various chemical reactions, which could lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly processes in the chemical industry.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) has a refractive index of 1.484 (lit.) and a boiling point of 309 °C (lit.) .
The density of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature, soluble in water;
Viscosity (25 ° C, mPa.s): 18
Density (25 ° C, g / cm 3): 1.06
Water soluble: soluble in water
Flash point (TCC, °C): 146
Amine value (mmol/g): 7.9-8.1 mmol/g



KEY FEATURES AND TYPICAL BENEFITS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
• Virtually no impact on shelf life when mixed in isocyanate and isocyanate prepolymers, for ease of use in one-component foam formulations
• Low odor
• High purity



SYNTHESIS ROUTES AND METHODS I OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Procedure details:
The pressure was set to a constant 16 bar absolute, the fresh gas flow was set to a constant 300 standard l/h of hydrogen and the circulating gas was set to a constant approx. 300 pressure liters/(lcat•h).

Ammonia and diethylene glycol were vaporized separately and preheated diethylene glycol was then introduced into the hot circulating gas stream, after which hot ammonia was fed into the reactor via a pressurized gas pump.
The laden circulating gas stream was reacted isothermally at 210° C. (+/−2° C.) and 16 bar over the catalyst in the tube reactor.

The synthesis was carried out at a space velocity over the catalyst of 0.30 lalcohol/lcat•h, a molar ratio of ammonia/alcohol of 3:1 and an amount of fresh gas/H2 of 300 standard liters/lcat•h.
90% of the alcohol was reacted in the reaction end a selectivity of 50% based on the diol used was achieved.
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) was condensed in a pressure gas separator and collected for purification by distillation.



FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is already used in a variety of applications, including as a catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings .

Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can also be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV) .
Future research and development may explore new uses and applications for Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee).



MODE OF ACTION OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) interacts with its targets by accelerating the reaction rate of the polymeric curing process .
This interaction results in a more efficient and faster curing process, which is crucial in the production of various polymeric materials .



BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
The biochemical pathways affected by Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) involve the reactions of polymeric curing .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) facilitates these reactions, leading to the formation of stable polymeric structures.
The downstream effects include the production of materials with desired properties such as flexibility, durability, and resistance to environmental factors.



RESULT OF ACTION OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
The molecular and cellular effects of the action of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) are observed in the formation of polymeric materials .
By acting as a catalyst in the curing process, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) enables the creation of materials with specific physical and chemical properties.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Target of Action
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee), primarily targets the process of polymeric curing .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) acts as a catalyst for this process, facilitating the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol incorporated fumed silica .



SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) belongs to the group of morpholine derivatives which have been developed as corrosion inhibitors for various applications.



MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
The molecular formula of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is C12H24N2O3 .
The IUPAC name of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine .
The molecular weight of Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is 244.33 g/mol .



CHEMICAL REACTIONS ANALYSIS OF BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing .
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (dmdee) is used in the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica .



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Presure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66 Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Viscosity: 216.6mm2/s
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Physical state: liquid
Color: yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 309 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,06 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Molecular Weight：244.33
Exact Mass：244.33
EC Number：229-194-7
UNII：5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number：28749
DSSTox ID：DTXSID9042170
HScode：2934999090
PSA：34.2
XLogP3：-0.6
Appearance：Liquid
Density：1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point：176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point：295 °F
Refractive Index：1.482

Density: 1.061g/cm3
Boiling point: 333.9°C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash point: 96.7°C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5

Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area :34.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers;
Polymer Additives; Organics; Polymer Science
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 333.9±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: -28 °C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.331
Flash Point: 96.7±23.7 °C
Exact Mass: 244.178696
PSA: 34.17000
LogP: -1.09
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.482
Product name: 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether

Synonyms: DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.06 g/ml
Melting point: -28 degrees
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.061g/cm3

Boiling Point: 333.9 °C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash Point: 96.7 °C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
CAS NO:6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Organics;Polymer Additives;Polymer Science;
Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 295 °F
Appearance: STRAW YELLOW

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
PKA: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid

Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F

Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry, 2-8°C
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃

Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4

NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid
Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
Molecular Weight: 244.33
XLogP3: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6

Exact Mass: 244.17869263
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Complexity: 172
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Name: 4,4-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular formula: C₁₂H₂₄N₂O₃
Molecular weight: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25°C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28°C
Boiling Point: 309°C (lit.)

Flash Point: 295 °F
Preservation conditions: 2-8°C, Dry
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS: 6425-39-4
Category: Plastic Additives
Description: Liquid
IUPAC Name: 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Canonical SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChI Key: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Complexity: 172

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
EC Number: 229-194-7
Exact Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
Formal Charge: 0
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
NSC Number: 28749
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
XLogP3: -0.6
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
Unique Ingredient Identifier: 5BH27U8GG4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3

International Chemical Identifier (InChI): ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Additional Physical Properties:
Viscosity (25℃): 18 mPa•s
Relative Density (25℃): 1.06
Boiling Point: Greater than 225℃
Melting Point: Less than -28℃
Flash Point (TCC): 146℃
Amine Value: 7.9–8.1 mmol/g



FIRST AID MEASURES of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER (DMDEE):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available