TOFA TOFA, also known as “liquid rosin” or tallol or Tall Oil Fatty Acid, is a low cost, viscous yellow-black odorous liquid chemical compound that is a product of crude tall oil vacuum distillation. It is a member of the product family Oleic Acid. Other Products of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) Extractives such as rosin and fatty acids are sometimes removed from the spent pulping liquor and processed into crude TOFA. In Canada, most crude TOFA is currently incinerated as fuel in the lime kilns of pulp mills to displace fossil fuel. In the south eastern United States, where extractive content of the wood is much higher, TOFA plants fractionate the crude TOFA into value-added components. Processes have also been proposed to convert both the fatty and rosin acid components of the crude TOFA into green diesel fuel. The processing of TOFA into a high-quality diesel additive has been researched in the laboratory and pilot scale. The later studies included promising road tests by Canada Post Corporation. Given that many kraft pulp mills already collect these extractives, their future utilization for fuels will be based on competing economic considerations. Fatty acids can be directly esterified by alcohols into diesel fuel, whereas the rosin acids can be converted by the “Super Cetane” hydrogenation process developed in Canada. Turpentine recovered from process condensates in Canadian mills is generally incinerated as fuel in one of the on-site boilers. Processing it into consumer grade products is possible but, in many cases, it is more valuable as a fuel. Extractives (TOFA and Turpentine) as a Chemical Platform The chemical and mechanical pulping of wood, in particular coniferous trees, generates large amounts of sidestreams such as crude TOFA (CTO) and crude turpentine (CT). The global TOFA production today is close to ~ 1.2 million tonnes/year, whereas the estimated worldwide production of turpentine is about 350,000 tonnes/year. They are the third and fourth largest chemical by-products after hemicellulose and lignin in the manufacturing of paper pulp from wood. In the kraft process, high alkalinity and temperature convert the esters and carboxylic acids in rosin into soluble sodium soaps that are skimmed off and collected and acidified to give CTO, while the crude sulfate turpentine (CST) is condensed from digester vapors. CTO consists of around 30%–50% fatty acids, 15%–35% rosin acids, and 30%–50% pitch, a bioliquid that is used for energy generation and by the chemical industry. The chemical composition varies with the wood age, wood species, geographic location of the coniferous trees, and the technological solutions of the pulping processes. High-purity terpenes are also recovered as a by-product in mechanical pulping processes by steam distillation and crude sulfite turpentine when CTO is skimmed from pulping liquor in the sulfite process, neutralized with NaOH or lime, and subsequently distilled. Chemically, turpentine is a mixture of numerous C10H16 monoterpene isomers, consisting of bicyclic compounds such as 3-carene, camphene, and α- and β-pinenes, which together with monocyclic limonene are the principal compounds of this raw material. The chemical composition of CT also varies strongly with the wood species, geographic location, pulping process or mill, and even harvesting season; For example, kraft turpentine from the United States can contain more β-pinene than α-pinene, whereas the opposite is true in Europe. However, in turpentine originating from sulfite pulping, ρ-cymene is typically the predominant compound. Because of the use of sulfur-containing cooking chemicals upon pulping, the sulfur content in CT can reach 3 wt%, whereupon the three main species present are methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). The organoleptic properties of the aforementioned malodorous organics complicate the further use and upgrading of CT and the isolation and utilization of specific terpenes. Traditionally, CTO from the pulp industry was viewed as low-value substance and burned as an alternative to heavy fuel oil, but over the last decade, it has emerged as a promising raw material for the production of commercially relevant synthetic fuels (biodiesel and diesel via hydrodeoxygenation), lubricants, solvents, and many other high-value materials (Scheme 3.12A). In fact, currently, there are several biorefineries and industries upgrading and marketing TOFA and TOFA-derived chemicals. Typically, various fractions of CTO are separated by distillation over wide pressure ranges, and they are marketed as wood-based chemicals for use in downstream applications. The resinic acids (TOR) are used as a critical ingredient in printing inks, photocopying and laser printing paper, varnishes, adhesives (glues), soap, paper sizing, soda, soldering fluxes, sealing wax, medical plasters, and ointments. It can also be used as a glazing agent in medicines and chewing gum, as an emulsifier in soft drinks, and as a flux used in soldering. In contrast, TOFA is used as a chemical platform or raw material for the production of high-value products such as biofuels (via catalytic esterification or deoxygenation). Notable examples of TOFA biorefineries include Arizona Chemicals (in Sweden and Finland); Forchem TOFA biorefinery (now a part of the Portuguese Repsol Group), Finland; and SunPine, Sweden. The former two specialize in CTO distillation and markets TOFA and TOR as the main products. On the other hand, SunPine is a recently established unique facility that is upgrading CTO to crude tall biodiesel (production capacity of 10,000 m3/year) that is fed to the classical petroleum refinery process of Preem in southern Sweden. The process uses CTO, acid vegetable oils, and methanol as starting materials and is based on the esterification of TOFA and vegetable acids with methanol to produced esters (biodiesel). Other vegetable oils TOFA. Crude TOFA (CTO) is separated from black liquor in the kraft sulfate pulping of mainly coniferous trees (Figure 7), which store triglycerides, fatty acids, resin acids, sterols, and sterol esters as nutrients in the parenchyma cells, while the radial resin ducts contain resin acids and turpentine for the wound healing of bark breaches. That is why pine balsam won by tapping is a source of rosin and terpenes but not of CTO. The recovered black liquor is concentrated and left to settle. The top layer is known as TOFA soap and is skimmed off. The rest is recycled for further use in paper making. The soap is converted to CTO by acidulation with sulfuric acid. CTO is not a fatty oil but is actually a mixture of five components with different boiling points, which are split by fractionation into heads (which boils first), then ‘TOFA fatty acids’ (TOFAs), distilled TOFA (DTO, a mixture of fatty and rosin acids), ‘TOFA rosin’ (TOR, a mixture of eight closely related rosin acids, i.e., abietic, neoabietic, palustric, levopimaric, dehydroabietic, pimaric, sandaracopimaric, and isopimaric acid), and pitch (the unsaponifiable residue). TOFA is mainly oleic acid. Furthermore, TOFAs contain unusual isomers, such as octadecadienoic acids with double bonds in the 5,9- and 5,12-positions. Important applications of TOFA are the manufacture of alkyd resins and dimer acids. TOFA TOFA TOFA CAS# 61790-12-3, also known as “liquid rosin” or tallol, is a low cost, viscous yellow-black odorous liquid chemical compound that is a product of crude tall oil vacuum distillation. It is a member of the product family Oleic Acid. TOFA, also called "liquid rosin" or tallol, is a viscous yellow-black odorous liquid obtained as a by-product of the Kraft process of wood pulp manufacture when pulping mainly coniferous trees. The name originated as an anglicization of the Swedish "tallolja" ("pine oil"). TOFA is the third largest chemical by-product in a Kraft mill after lignin and hemicellulose; the yield of crude TOFA from the process is in the range of 30–50 kg / ton pulp. It may contribute to 1.0–1.5% of the mill's revenue if not used internally. Manufacturing of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) In the Kraft Process, high alkalinity and temperature converts the esters and carboxylic acids in rosin into soluble sodium soaps of lignin, rosin, and fatty acids. The spent cooking liquor is called weak black liquor and is about 15% dry content. The black liquor is concentrated in a multiple effect evaporator and after the first stage the black liquor is about 20–30%. At this stage it is called intermediate liquor. Normally the soaps start to float in the storage tank for the weak or intermediate liquors and are skimmed off and collected. A good soap skimming operation reduces the soap content of the black liquor down to 0.2–0.4% w/w of the dry residue. The collected soap is called raw rosin soap or rosinate. The raw rosin soap is then allowed to settle or is centrifuged to release as much as possible of the entrained black liquor. The soap goes then to the acidulator where it is heated and acidified with sulfuric acid to produce crude TOFA (CTO). The soap skimming and acidulator operation can be improved by addition of flocculants. A flocculant will shorten the separation time and give a cleaner soap with lower viscosity. This makes the acidulator run smoother as well. Most pines give a soap yield of 5–25 kg/ton pulp, while Scots pine gives 20–50 kg/ton. Scots pine grown in northern Scandinavia give a yield of even more than 50 kg/ton. Globally about 2 mill ton/year of CTO are refined. Composition of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) See also: Resin acid The composition of crude TOFA varies a great deal, depending on the type of wood used. A common quality measure for TOFA is acid number. With pure pines it is possible to have acid numbers in the range 160–165, while mills using a mix of softwoods and hardwoods might give acid numbers in the range of 125–135. Normally crude TOFA contains rosins (which contains resin acids (mainly abietic acid and its isomers), fatty acids (mainly palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid) and fatty alcohols, unsaponifiable sterols (5–10%), some sterols, and other alkyl hydrocarbon derivates. By fractional distillation TOFA rosin is obtained, with rosin content reduced to 10–35%. By further reduction of the rosin content to 1–10%, TOFA fatty acid can be obtained, which is cheap, consists mostly of oleic acid, and is a source of volatile fatty acids. Applications of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) The TOFA rosin finds use as a component of adhesives, rubbers, and inks, and as an emulsifier. The pitch is used as a binder in cement, an adhesive, and an emulsifier for asphalt. TOFA is a low-cost and vegetarian lifestyle-friendly alternative to tallow fatty acids for production of soaps and lubricants. When esterified with pentaerythritol, it is used as a compound of adhesives and oil-based varnishes. When reacted with amines, polyamidoamines are produced which may be used as epoxy resin curing agents. SYLFAT fatty acids are useful in a wide range of industrial applications including fuel additives, alkyd resins, dimer acids, surfactants, cleaners, oil field chemicals, lubricant esters and other chemical derivatives. The use of these product ranges can be found in the long carbon chain (C18), the acid function of the carboxyl group (COOH) and the unsaturation of the double bonds. All SYLFAT TOFAs have high fatty acid content, low content of rosin acids and unsaponifiables. SYLFAT 2 and SYLFAT 2LT are from European, and especially Scandinavian, origin and with a specific characteristic to have more double bounds (i.e. higher Iodine Value) compared to TOFA with an origin closer to the equator like our SYLFAT FA1 and SYLFAT FA2. SYLFAT 2 and SYLFAT FA2 provide a combination of light color, good color stability and air-drying properties. SYLFAT 2LT is a specialty grade of TOFA with excellent low temperature properties typically used as fuel additive to improve lubricity of low sulphur diesel. TOFA, also called "liquid rosin" or tallol, is a viscous yellow-black odorous liquid obtained as a by-product of the Kraft process of wood pulp manufacture when pulping mainly coniferous trees. The name originated as an anglicization of the Swedish "tallolja" ("pine oil"). TOFA is the third largest chemical by-product in a Kraft mill after lignin and hemicellulose; the yield of crude TOFA from the process is in the range of 30–50 kg / ton pulp. Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) may contribute to 1.0–1.5% of the mill's revenue if not used internally. Manufacturing of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) Forchem TOFA refinery in Rauma, Finland. In the Kraft Process, high alkalinity and temperature converts the esters and carboxylic acids in rosin into soluble sodium soaps of lignin, rosin, and fatty acids. The spent cooking liquor is called weak black liquor and is about 15% dry content. The black liquor is concentrated in a multiple effect evaporator and after the first stage the black liquor is about 20–30%. At this stage it is called intermediate liquor. Normally the soaps start to float in the storage tank for the weak or intermediate liquors and are skimmed off and collected. A good soap skimming operation reduces the soap content of the black liquor down to 0.2–0.4% w/w of the dry residue. The collected soap is called raw rosin soap or rosinate. The raw rosin soap is then allowed to settle or is centrifuged to release as much as possible of the entrained black liquor. The soap goes then to the acidulator where it is heated and acidified with sulfuric acid to produce crude TOFA (CTO). The soap skimming and acidulator operation can be improved by addition of flocculants. A flocculant will shorten the separation time and give a cleaner soap with lower viscosity. This makes the acidulator run smoother as well. Most pines give a soap yield of 5–25 kg/ton pulp, while Scots pine gives 20–50 kg/ton. Scots pine grown in northern Scandinavia give a yield of even more than 50 kg/ton. Globally about 2 mill ton/year of CTO are refined. The composition of crude TOFA varies a great deal, depending on the type of wood used. A common quality measure for TOFA is acid number. With pure pines it is possible to have acid numbers in the range 160–165, while mills using a mix of softwoods and hardwoods might give acid numbers in the range of 125–135. Normally crude TOFA contains rosins, which contains resin acids (mainly abietic acid and its isomers), fatty acids (mainly palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid) and fatty alcohols, unsaponifiable sterols (5–10%), some sterols, and other alkyl hydrocarbon derivates. By fractional distillation TOFA rosin is obtained, with rosin content reduced to 10–35%. By further reduction of the rosin content to 1–10%, TOFA fatty acid can be obtained, which is cheap, consists mostly of oleic acid, and is a source of volatile fatty acids. Applications of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) The TOFA rosin finds use as a component of adhesives, rubbers, and inks, and as an emulsifier. The pitch is used as a binder in cement, an adhesive, and an emulsifier for asphalt. TOFA is a low-cost and vegetarian lifestyle-friendly alternative to tallow fatty acids for production of soaps and lubricants. When esterified with pentaerythritol, it is used as a compound of adhesives and oil-based varnishes. When reacted with amines, polyamidoamines are produced which may be used as epoxy resin curing agents. TOFA is also used in oil drilling as a component of drilling fluids. TOFA refers to mixtures of several related carboxylic acids, primarily abietic acid, found in tree resins. Nearly all TOFAs have the same basic skeleton: three fused rings having the empirical formula C19H29COOH. TOFAs are tacky, yellowish gums that are water-insoluble. They are used to produce soaps for diverse applications, but their use is being displaced increasingly by synthetic acids such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid or petroleum-derived naphthenic acids. Botanical analysis of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) TOFAs are protectants and wood preservatives that are produced by parenchymatous epithelial cells that surround the resin ducts in trees from temperate coniferous forests. The TOFAs are formed when two-carbon and three-carbon molecules couple with isoprene building units to form monoterpenes (volatile), sesquiterpenes (volatile), and diterpenes (nonvolatile) structures. Pines contain numerous vertical and radial resin ducts scattered throughout the entire wood. The accumulation of resin in the heartwood and resin ducts causes a maximum concentration in the base of the older trees. Resin in the sapwood, however, is less at the base of the tree and increases with height. In 2005, as an infestation of the Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and blue stain fungus devastated the Lodgepole Pine forests of northern interior British Columbia, Canada, TOFA levels three to four times greater than normal were detected in infected trees, prior to death. These increased levels show that a tree uses the resins as a defense. Resins are both toxic to the beetle and the fungus and also can entomb the beetle in diterpene remains from secretions. Increasing resin production has been proposed as a way to slow the spread of the beetle in the "Red Zone" or the wildlife urban interface. Production in tall oil (chemical pulping byproduct) The commercial manufacture of wood pulp grade chemical cellulose using the kraft chemical pulping processes releases TOFAs. The Kraft process is conducted under strongly basic conditions of sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide and sodium hydrosulfide, which neutralizes these TOFAs, converting them to their respective sodium salts, sodium abietate, ((CH3)4C15H17COONa) sodium pimarate ((CH3)3(CH2)C15H23COONa) and so on. In this form, the sodium salts are insoluble and, being of lower density than the spent pulping process liquor, float to the surface of storage vessels during the process of concentration, as a somewhat gelatinous pasty fluid called kraft soap, or resin soap. Kraft soap can be reneutralized with sulfuric acid to restore the acidic forms abietic acid, palmitic acid, and related TOFA components. This refined mixture is called tall oil. Other major components include fatty acids and unsaponifiable sterols. TOFAs, because of the same protectant nature they provide in the trees where they originate, also impose toxic implications on the effluent treatment facilities in pulp manufacturing plants. Furthermore, any residual TOFAs that pass the treatment facilities add toxicity to the stream discharged to the receiving waters. Variation with species and biogeoclimatic zone The chemical composition of tall oil varies with the species of trees used in pulping, and in turn with geographical location. For example, the coastal areas of the southeastern United States have a high proportion of Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii); inland areas of the same region have a preponderance of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda). Slash Pine generally contains a higher concentration of TOFAs than Loblolly Pine. In general, the tall oil produced in coastal areas of the southeastern United States contains over 40% TOFAs and sometimes as much as 50% or more. The fatty acids fraction is usually lower than the TOFAs, and unsaponifiables amount to 6-8%. Farther north in Virginia, where Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida)and Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata) are more dominant, the TOFA content decreases to as low as 30-35% with a corresponding increase in the fatty acids present. In Canada, where mills process Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) in interior British Columbia and Alberta, Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana), Alberta to Quebec and Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus) and Red Pine (Pinus resinosa), Ontario to New Brunswick, TOFA levels of 25% are common with unsaponifiable contents of 12-25%. Similar variations may be found in other parts of the United States and in other countries. For example, in Finland, Sweden and Russia, TOFA values from Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) may vary from 20 to 50%, fatty acids from 35 to 70%, and unsaponifiables from 6 to 30%. Characteristics of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) 100% bio-based content Low viscosity, liquid long fatty acid (C18) chain Reactive polyunsaturation Light color and good color stability (based on grade) Low rosin content Good air drying properties Grades Low color Low sulfur 0.5% to 3% rosin content Size available Bulk rail car Bulk tank truck Totes (IBC) Drums Applications of Tall Oil Fatty Acid (TOFA) Chemical manufacturing Esters, amides, amines, soaps CASE Alkyd resins, plasticizers Textiles Spinning lubricants Oilfield Emulsifiers and corrosion inhibitors for drilling muds Lubricants & metalworking Group IV base oils, corrosion inhibitors, defoamers TOFA is Forchem’s classic Tall Oil (CTO) product that is very pure fatty acid with a low level of rosin acids and a low level of unsaponifiables through our optimum distillation process. Forchem TOFA is used to satisfy the demands of today’s environmentally aware consumers and global markets. TOFA is an ideal raw material for many chemical reactions and intermediates. The most common applications for TOFA are paints and coatings, biolubricants, fuel additives and performance polymer. About 1949, with the advent of effective fractional distillation, the tall oil industry came of age, and TOFAs , generally any product containing 90% or more fatty acids and 10% or less of rosin, have grown in annual volume ever since, until they amount to 398.8 million pounds annual production in the U.S. in 1978. Crude tall oil is a byproduct of the Kraft process for producing wood pulp from pine wood. Crude tall oil is about 50% fatty acids and 40% rosin acids, the remainder unsaps and residues; actually, a national average recovery of about 1–2% of tall oil is obtained from wood. On a pulp basis, each ton of pulp affords 140–220 pounds black liquor soaps, which yields 70–110 pounds crude tall oil, yielding 30–50 pounds of TOFA. Separative and upgrading technology involves: (a) recovery of the tall oil; (b) acid refining; (c) fractionation of tall oil; and occasionally (d) conversion to derivatives. TOFA of good quality and color of Gardner 2 corresponds to above 97% fatty acids with the composition of 1.6% palmitic & stearic acid, 49.3% oleic acid, 45.1% linoleic acid, 1.1% miscellaneous acids, 1.2% rosin acids, and 1.7% unsaponifiables. TOFA, also known as “liquid rosin” or tallol, is is a light-colored TOFA produced via the fractional distillation of crude tall oil. It is most commonoly used as an intermediate to make various alkyd resins. TOFA CAS# 61790-12-3, also known as “liquid rosin” or tallol, is a low cost, viscous yellow-black odorous liquid chemical compound that is a product of crude tall oil vacuum distillation. It is a member of the product family Oleic Acid. TOFAs are sold in markets that use them in raw form and as precursors to synthesize an array of products. TOFA derivatives include dimers, alkyds, PVC stabilizers, synthetic lubricant polyamides, and a variety of oilfield chemicals. Low sulfur TOFA is designed specifically for the fuel segment as a diesel fuel additive. TOFAs is obtained by the fractional distillation of crude oil, a by-product from the pulping of pine trees. TOFAs are used in dimer acids, alkyd resins, oilfield chemicals, metalworking fluids, liquid cleaners, textile chemicals, fuel additives, construction chemicals, rubber and tire, metallic stabilizers, ore flotation, and fatty derivatives. Abstract TOFAs consist primarily of oleic and linoleic acids and are obtained by the distillation of crude tall oil. Crude tall oil, a by‐product of the kraft pulping process, is a mixture of fatty acids, rosin acids, and unsaponifiables. These components are separated from one another by a series of distillations. Several grades of TOFA are available depending on rosin, unsaponifiable content, color, and color stability. Typical compositions of TOFA products are shown. TOFAs have a variety of applications. The largest uses of TOFA traditionally have been in coatings, primarily alkyd resins where grades of higher rosin content predominate. Since the 1970s their use as chemical intermediates in applications, which includes manufacture of dimer acids and epoxidized TOFA esters, has exceeded their use in coatings. The more highly refined, low rosin grades are required for their application as intermediates. Other areas of significant use are in soaps, detergents, and ore flotation. Worldwide crude tall oil fractionating capacity and domestic production and prices of TOFA are given. TOFA pricing is strongly dependent on soya fatty acid prices since these materials are often used in the same application. The soap skimming and acidulator operation can be improved by addition of flocculants. A flocculant will shorten the separation time and give a cleaner soap with lower viscosity. This makes the acidulator run smoother as well. Most pines give a soap yield of 5–25 kg/ton pulp, while Scots pine gives 20–50 kg/ton. Scots pine grown in northern Scandinavia give a yield of even more than 50 kg/ton. Globally about 2 mill ton/year of CTO are refined. Normally crude tall oil contains rosins (which contains resin acids (mainly abietic acid and its isomers), fatty acids (mainly palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid) and fatty alcohols, unsaponifiable sterols (5–10%), some sterols, and other alkyl hydrocarbon derivates. By fractional distillation tall oil rosin is obtained, with rosin content reduced to 10–35%. By further reduction of the rosin content to 1–10%, TOFA can be obtained, which is cheap, consists mostly of oleic acid, and is a source of volatile fatty acids. The tall oil rosin finds use as a component of adhesives, rubbers, and inks, and as an emulsifier. The pitch is used as a binder in cement, an adhesive, and an emulsifier for asphalt. TOFA is a low-cost and vegetarian lifestyle-friendly alternative to tallow fatty acids for production of soaps and lubricants. When esterified with pentaerythritol, it is used as a compound of adhesives and oil-based varnishes. When reacted with amines, polyamidoamines are produced which may be used as epoxy resin curing agents.

4-TOLUENESULFONIC ACIDP; TOLUENE SULFONATEP; TOLUENE SULPHONIC ACIDp; -Toluenesulfonic acid; P-TOLUENESULPHONIC ACIDP; ARA-TOLYLSULFONIC ACIDTOLUENE SULFONIC ACID, N° CAS : 104-15-4, Nom INCI : TOLUENE SULFONIC ACID, Nom chimique : Toluene-4-sulphonic acid, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-180-0, Ses fonctions (INCI), Hydrotrope : Augmente la solubilité d'une substance qui est peu soluble dans l'eau.Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : 4-METHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID 4-METHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID ANHYDROUS ACIDE METHYL-4 BENZENESULFONIQUE ANHYDRE Acide p-toluènesulfonique Acide p-toluènesulfonique anhydre ACIDE PARA-TOLUENESULFONIQUE ACIDE PARA-TOLUENESULFONIQUE ANHYDRE Acide toluènesulfonique (para-) BENZENESULFONIC ACID, 4-METHYL- P-METHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID P-METHYLPHENYLSULFONIC ACID PARA-METHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID PARA-METHYLPHENYLSULFONIC ACID Noms anglais : 4-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID ANHYDROUS P-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID P-TOLUENE SULFONATE P-TOLUENE SULPHONIC ACID p-Toluenesulfonic acid P-TOLUENESULPHONIC ACID P-TOLYLSULFONIC ACID P-TOLYLSULFONIC ACID ANHYDROUS PARA-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID PARA-TOLUENESULPHONIC ACID PARA-TOLYLSULFONIC ACID Utilisation et sources d'émissionF: abrication de produits organiques, fabrication de colorants; p-Toluenesulfonic acid p-toluenesulphonic acid p-toluenesulphonic acid (containing a maximum of 5 % H2SO4) p-toluenesulphonic acid (containing a maximum of 5 % H2SO4) p-toluenesulphonic acid, (containing more than 5 % H2SO4) Toluene-4-sulphonic acid Translated names ''π-τολουολοσουλφονικό οξύ (που περιέχει μέχρι και 5 % H2SO4) (el) 4-methylbenzensulfonová kyselina, obsah maximálně 5 % H2SO4 (cs) 4-metylbenzensulfonsyra, innehållande högst 5% H2SO4 (sv) acid p-toluensulfonic(continut maxim de 5% H2SO4) (ro) acide p-toluènesulfonique (contenant un maximum de 5 % H2SO4) (fr) acido p-toluensolfonico (contenente non più del 5 % H2SO4) (it) kwas 4-metylobenzenosulfonowy (zawierający maksymalnie 5% H2SO4) (pl) kwas p-toluenosulfonowy (zawierający maksymalnie 5% H2SO4) (pl) kyselina 4-metylbenzénsulfónová (s obsahom maximálne 5 % H2SO4) (sk) p-Tolueenisulfonihappo, joka sisältää <5% rikkihappoa (fi) p-tolueensulfonzuur (met maximum 5 % H2SO4) (nl) p-tolueensulfoonhape, mis sisaldab <5% väävelhapet (et) p-toluensulfonrūgštis (sudėtyje turinti maksimaliai 5 % sieros rūgšties) (lt) p-toluensulfonska kiselina (sadrži maksimum 5 % H2SO4) (hr) p-toluensulfonska kislina (z največ 5% žveplove kisline) (sl) p-toluensulfonsyra, innehållande högst 5% H2SO4 (sv) p-toluensulfonsyre (indeholdende højst 5 % H2SO4) (da) p-toluensulfonsyre, med maks. 5 % H2SO4 (no) p-Toluolsulfonsäure (mit höchstens 5 % H2SO4) (de) p-toluolsulfoskābe, kas satur ne vairāk kā 5% sērskābes (lv) p-тoлуенсулфонова киселина (съдържаща максимално 5% H2SO4) (bg) toluol-4-szulfonsav (kénsav tartalom max. 5%) (hu) ácido p-toluenossulfónico (contendo no máximo 5 % H2SO4) (pt) ácido p-toluenosulfónico (con un contenido máximo de 5 % de H2SO4) (es) CAS names Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methyl- IUPAC names 4-methyl benzenesulphonic acid 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid hydrate 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid , 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid hydrate , 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid monohydrate 4-Methylbenzolsulfonsäure 4-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate acide para toluene sulfonique acido 4-metilbenzensulfonico Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methyl-, monohydrate p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Monohydrate p-Toluenesulfonic acid, Tosylic acid, Tosic acid, PTSA p-toluenesulphonic acid hydrate p-toluenesulphonic acid, containing a maximum of 5% H2SO4 Para Toluene Sulfonic Acid (PTSA) Reaction mass of sulphuric acid and 7732-18-5 toluen 4-sulfonová kyselina Toluene sulphonic acid toluene-4-silphonic acid TOLUENESULFONIC ACID Toluenesulfonic acid, p- Toluol-4-sulfonsäure Toluol-4-sulfonsäure Monohydrat ácido 4-metilbenzenosulfónico Trade names 4-Methylbenzolsulfonsaeure, Monohydrat 4-Toluenesulfonic acid Acide benzènesulfonique, 4-méthyl- Acide benzènesulfonique, 4-méthyl- (< 5 % acide sulfurique) Acide toluene-4-sulfonique acido tolueno-4-sulfonico Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methyl- (9CI) Benzolsulfonsaeure, 4-methyl Benzolsulfonsäure, 4-Methyl- Cyzac 4040 Eltesol TA Eltesol TA 65 Eltesol TA/E Eltesol TA/F Eltesol TA/H Eltesol TA/K Eltesol TA96 Eltesol TSX Eltesol TSX/A Eltesol TSX/SF K-Cure 1040 LAS 4-methyl, p- LAS 4-methyl, p- (max 5 % sulfuric acid); <5% Schwefelsaeure Manro PTSA/95 Manro PTSA/C MANRO PTSA/C; 60-100% Active Matter; active substance Manro PTSA/E Manro PTSA/LG Manro PTSA/LS Methylbenzolsulfonsäure, 4- Nacure 1040 p-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid p-Methylphenylsulfonic acid p-Toluene sulfonate p-TOLUENE SULFONIC ACID p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid Monohydrat p-Toluolsulfonsaeure p-Toluolsulfonsäure p-Toluolsulfonsäure in ca.65%iger wässriger Lsg.; 65% Active Matter; active substance p-Tolylsulfonic acid P.T.S.A PARA-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID CC5U PARATOLUOLSULFONSAEURE PTSA 70 Reworyl T 65 Stepanate PTSA-C; 60-100% Active Matter; active substance Sulframin TX Toluene Sulfonic Acid Toluene sulfonic acid (INCI) Toluene sulphonic acid (65% in water) TL65LS; 65% Active Matter; active substance TOLUENESULFONIC ACID, HI-PARA Toluenesulfonic acid, p- 65%; 65% Active Matter; active substance Toluensulfonic acid; 95% Active Matter; active substance Toluol-4-sulfonsaeure; 104-15-4 [RN]; 203-180-0 [EINECS] 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name] 4-Methylbenzenesulphonic acid 4-Methylbenzolsulfonsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] 4-toluenesulfonic acid Acide 4-méthylbenzènesulfonique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name] Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methyl- [ACD/Index Name] para-toluenesulfonic acid p-Methylbenzenesulfonic Acid P-Toluene Sulfonic acid p-Toluenesulfonic acid [Wiki] p-toluenesulphonic acid p-toluensulfonic acid p-Toluolenesulfonic acid PTSA p-TsOH [Formula] Toluene sulfonic acid Toluene-4-sulfonic acid Toluene-4-sulphonic acid Toluenesulfonic acid tosic acid TsOH [Formula] 236-576-7 [EINECS] 3233-58-7 [RN] 4-11-00-00241 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein] 472690 [Beilstein] 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid 4-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid 4-methylbenzensulphonic acid 4-Toluene sulfonic acid 70788-37-3 [RN] Benzenesulfonic acid, methyl- Eltesol K-Cure 040 Kyselina p-toluenesulfonova Kyselina p-toluensulfonova [Czech] Kyselina p-toluensulfonova Manro PTSA 65 E Manro PTSA 65 H Manro PTSA 65 LS Methylbenzenesulfonic acid MFCD00064387 [MDL number] MFCD00142137 [MDL number] MFCD02683442 [MDL number] Para Toluene Sulfonic Acid PARA-TOLUENE SULFONATE paratoluene sulfonic acid para-toluene sulfonic acid paratoluenesulfonic acid para-toluenesulphonic acid para-toluensulfonic acid p-cresol sulfate p-Methyl-benzenesulfonic acid p-Methylbenzenesulfonic Acid (en) p-methylphenylsulfonic acid P-Toluene Sulfonic acid(monohydrate) p-Toluene-sulfonic acid p-toluenesulfonicacid p-tolyl sulfonic acid p-tolylsulfonic acid Toluen-4-sulfonsaeure toluene-4-sulfonate toluene-p-sulfonic acid Toluenesulfonic acid (VAN) Toluenesulphonic acid TOS tosylate [Wiki] tosylic acid TSA-HP TSA-MH [Trade name] TSU WLN: WSQR D1 对甲苯磺酸 [Chinese] 203-180-0 [EINECS] 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name] 4-Methylbenzenesulphonic acid 4-Methylbenzolsulfonsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] 4-toluenesulfonic acid Acide 4-méthylbenzènesulfonique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name] Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methyl- [ACD/Index Name] para-toluenesulfonic acid p-Methylbenzenesulfonic Acid P-Toluene Sulfonic acid p-Toluenesulfonic acid [Wiki] p-toluenesulphonic acid p-toluensulfonic acid p-Toluolenesulfonic acid PTSA p-TsOH [Formula] Toluene sulfonic acid Toluene-4-sulfonic acid Toluene-4-sulphonic acid Toluenesulfonic acid tosic acid TsOH [Formula] 236-576-7 [EINECS] 3233-58-7 [RN] 4-11-00-00241 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein] 472690 [Beilstein] 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid 4-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid 4-methylbenzensulphonic acid 4-Toluene sulfonic acid 70788-37-3 [RN] Benzenesulfonic acid, methyl- Eltesol K-Cure 040 Kyselina p-toluenesulfonova Kyselina p-toluensulfonova [Czech] Kyselina p-toluensulfonova Manro PTSA 65 E Manro PTSA 65 H Manro PTSA 65 LS Methylbenzenesulfonic acid MFCD00064387 [MDL number] MFCD00142137 [MDL number] MFCD02683442 [MDL number] Para Toluene Sulfonic Acid PARA-TOLUENE SULFONATE paratoluene sulfonic acid para-toluene sulfonic acid paratoluenesulfonic acid para-toluenesulphonic acid para-toluensulfonic acid p-cresol sulfate p-Methyl-benzenesulfonic acid p-Methylbenzenesulfonic Acid (en) p-methylphenylsulfonic acid P-Toluene Sulfonic acid(monohydrate) p-Toluene-sulfonic acid p-toluenesulfonicacid p-tolyl sulfonic acid p-tolylsulfonic acid Toluen-4-sulfonsaeure toluene-4-sulfonate toluene-p-sulfonic acid Toluenesulfonic acid (VAN) Toluenesulphonic acid TOS tosylate [Wiki] tosylic acid TSA-HP TSA-MH [Trade name] TSU WLN: WSQR D1 对甲苯磺酸 [Chinese] Toluol-p-sulfonsäure Toluolsulfo säure, p- 65 %; 65% Active Matter; active substance Toluolsulfo säure, para Toluolsulfonic acid, para Tosic acid TSA Wilconate TX Acid Witco TX Acid

Toluene is a liquid, which is colourless, water-insoluble and smells like paint thinners.
Toluene is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a methyl group (CH3) attached to a phenyl group.
Toluene is predominantly in use as an industrial feedstock and a solvent.

CAS Number: 108-88-3
EC Number: 203-625-9
Chemical Formula: C7H8
Molar Mass: 92.141 g·mol−1

Toluene, also known as toluol, is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon.
Toluene is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the smell associated with paint thinners.

Toluene is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a methyl group (CH3) attached to a phenyl group.
As such, Toluene systematic IUPAC name is methylbenzene.
Toluene is predominantly used as an industrial feedstock and a solvent.

As the solvent in some types of paint thinner, permanent markers, contact cement and certain types of glue, toluene is sometimes used as a recreational inhalant and has the potential of causing severe neurological harm.

Toluene is a naturally occurring compound derived primarily from petroleum or petrochemical processes.
Toluene is a common component in gasoline, glues, and paint products.

Toluene is a liquid, which is colourless, water-insoluble and smells like paint thinners.
Toluene is a mono-substituted colourless liquid, consisting of a CH3 group that is attached to a phenyl group.

Toluene is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Toluene is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid which becomes a vapor when exposed to air at room temperature.
Toluene vapor has a sharp or sweet odor, which is a sign of exposure.

Toluene is typically used in a mixture with other solvents and chemicals such as paint pigments.
Products that may contain toluene-such as paint, metal cleaners and adhesives-are used in many industries and can be found in many workplaces.

Gasoline and other fuels also contain toluene.
Workers using toluene-containing paints, varnishes, shellac, nail polish, glues and adhesives, rust preventives or printing inks may be exposed to toluene.

Workers can be exposed to toluene by breathing Toluene in, getting Toluene on their skin, getting Toluene splashed into their eyes, or swallowing it.
These types of exposures may make workers sick immediately or cause effects over time.
Toluene exposures have been studied in nail salons and printing establishments, auto repair, and construction activities.

Without proper ventilation and safety precautions, toluene can cause irritated eyes, nose, and throat; dry or cracked skin; headache, dizziness, feeling of being drunk, confusion and anxiety.
Symptoms worsen as exposure increases, and long term exposure may lead to tiredness, slow reaction, difficulty sleeping, numbness in the hands or feet, or female reproductive system damage and pregnancy loss.
If swallowed, toluene can cause liver and kidney damage.

Toluene is also flammable, and Toluene vapors can be ignited by flames, sparks or other ignition sources.

Toluene is also known as toluol.
Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon.

Toluene is a mono-substituted benzene derivative and consists of a methyl group i.e., CH3 that is attached to a phenyl group.
The systematic IUPAC name of toluene is methylbenzene.

Toluene is predominantly in use as an industrial feedstock and a solvent.
Toluene is a common solvent like paints, paint thinners, silicone sealants, many chemical reactants, rubber, printing ink, adhesives (glues),lacquers, leather tanners, and disinfectants.

Toluene is also in use as a recreational inhalant.
Toluene has the capability of causing severe neurological harm to our body.

Toluene is a naturally occurring compound.
Toluene is primarily derived from petroleum or petrochemical processes.

Toluene is a very common component in substances like gasoline, glues, and other products.
Toluene is a liquid that is colourless, water-insoluble and smells similar to paint thinners.

Toluene, aromatic hydrocarbon used extensively as starting material for the manufacture of industrial chemicals.
Toluene comprises 15–20 percent of coal-tar light oil and is a minor constituent of petroleum.
Both sources provide toluene for commercial use, but larger amounts are made by catalytic reforming of petroleum naphtha.

Toluene is used in the synthesis of trinitrotoluene (TNT), benzoic acid, saccharin, dyes, photographic chemicals, and pharmaceuticals.
Toluene is also used as a solvent and antiknock additive for aviation gasoline.

Pure toluene (melting point, -95° C [-139° F]; boiling point, 110.6° C [231.1° F]) is a colourless, flammable, toxic liquid, insoluble in water but soluble in all common organic solvents.
Toluene chemical formula is that of methylbenzene, C6H5CH3.

Toluene is a transparent, colourless liquid with an odour similar to benzene.
Toluene's chemical formula is C6H5CH3.

The chemical compound toluene is naturally occurring and mainly derived from petroleum or petrochemical processes.
The toluene chemical is present in gasoline, glues, and paints. The liquid toluene smells like paint thinners, is colourless and insoluble in water.
Toluene is mono-substituted colourless liquid that has a CH3 group attached to a phenyl group. 

Toluene is a natural substance of gasoline and crude oil.
Toluene is also used for synthesis of benzene and other chemicals, including graphic pigments, paints, and solvents.

Toluene is a highly lipophilic white matter toxin resulting in loss of myelin in cerebral and cerebellar white matter, as well as in diffuse cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.
Intentional abuse occurs through inhalation of toluene vapors from a rag soaked in paint or from a paper bag filled with paint or lacquer thinners, which contain toluene as principle component.

While the prevalence of toluene abuse in the United States is unknown, Toluene is estimated that 10% to 15% of people have used the inhalant.
Prolonged exposure to toluene vapors may result in multifocal leukoencephalopathy, with primary clinical manifestations of dementia, ataxia, brain-stem dysfunction, and corticospinal weakness.

Dementia is the most disabling aspect of the syndrome, characterized by apathy, memory loss, visuospatial deficits, and preserved language function.
Leukoencephalopathy of toluene abuse is evident on MRI scans and on postmortem examinations.

In advanced cases, the pattern of multifocal white matter disease can suggest a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in a young adult, if abuse history is not obtained.
Diagnosis, however, is usually clear and is based, in an acute setting, on solvent-smelling breath, perioral “huffer's” rash, and appropriate history.
Toxicological screening can detect toluene in the blood; hippuric acid analysis of urine is also helpful.

Prolonged, low-level occupational exposures to pure toluene are rare; most industrial exposures include solvent mixtures and cause a so-called solvent syndrome, resulting in change in personality and progressing to permanent cognitive impairment.

Toluene is a common ingredient in degreasers.
Toluene is colorless liquid with a sweet smell and taste.

Toluene evaporates quickly.
Toluene is found naturally in crude oil, and is used in oil refining and the manufacturing of paints, lacquers, explosives (TNT) and glues.

In homes, toluene may be found in paint thinners, paintbrush cleaners, nail polish, glues, inks and stain removers.
Toluene is also found in car exhaust and the smoke from cigarettes.

When toluene is spilled on the ground or improperly disposed of, Toluene can seep into soil and contaminate nearby wells and streams.
Toluene can remain unchanged for a long time in soil or water that is not in contact with air.

Toluene, also known as methylbenzene, is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive sweet smell that is widely used in industrial settings as a solvent.
Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and in the tolu tree and is also produced when manufacturing gasoline and other fuels from crude oil and in making coke, a type of fuel derived from coal that is used to make steel.

Toluene is typically used in the production of paints, rubber, lacquers, glues and adhesives to help dry, dissolve and thin other substances.
Toluene is also used in the production process to make other chemicals, including benzene, nylon, plastics, and polyurethane and in the synthesis of trinitrotoluene, benzoic acid, benzoyl chloride and toluene diisocyanate.

Toluene has been used as an ingredient in nail polish removers to help dissolve other substances such as resins and plasticizers.
Toluene has also been used in the formulation of nail products to enable nail polishes, hardeners and lacquers to be applied smoothly.

Toluene is a gasoline additive that can be used to improve octane ratings for fuel used in race cars and other automobiles.
The higher the octane number or rating, the greater the fuel’s resistance to knocking or pinging during combustion.
Toluene is used in these applications because Toluene is dense and contains significant energy per unit of volume, which enhances power generation for vehicles.

Toluene can evaporate out of common household products such as glues, paints and paint thinners, and adhesives into air that is inhaled.
Exposure to toluene in consumer products can be reduced by using these products in well-ventilated areas and closely following all label warnings and instructions.

Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive smell.
Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and in the tolu tree.

Toluene is also produced in the process of making gasoline and other fuels from crude oil and making coke from coal.
Toluene is used in making paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in some printing and leather tanning processes.

Toluene appears as a clear colorless liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor.
May be toxic by inhalation, ingestion or skin contact.
Toluene is used in aviation and automotive fuels, as a solvent, and to make other chemicals.

Toluene is the simplest member of the class toluenes consisting of a benzene core which bears a single methyl substituent.
Toluene has a role as a non-polar solvent, a cholinergic antagonist, a neurotoxin and a fuel additive.
Toluene is a methylbenzene, a volatile organic compound and a member of toluenes.

Toluene is a colorless, liquid that is immiscible in water.
Toluene is a mono-substituted benzene derivative used in veterinary medicine as a treatment for various parasites in dogs and cats.

Toluene is added to gasoline, used to produce benzene, and used as a solvent.
Exposure to toluene may occur from breathing ambient or indoor air affected by such sources.

The central nervous system (CNS) is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in both humans and animals for acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) exposures.
CNS dysfunction and narcosis have been frequently observed in humans acutely exposed to elevated airborne levels of toluene; symptoms include fatigue, sleepiness, headaches, and nausea.

CNS depression has been reported to occur in chronic abusers exposed to high levels of toluene.
Chronic inhalation exposure of humans to toluene also causes irritation of the upper respiratory tract and eyes, sore throat, dizziness, and headache.

Human studies have reported developmental effects, such as CNS dysfunction, attention deficits, and minor craniofacial and limb anomalies, in the children of pregnant women exposed to high levels of toluene or mixed solvents by inhalation.
EPA has concluded that that there is inadequate information to assess the carcinogenic potential of toluene.

Toluene is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Psidium guajava, and other organisms with data available.

Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon composed of a benzene ring linked to one methyl group.
Toluene is used a solvent or as a chemical intermediate in various industrial applications.
Rapid inhalation of high concentrations of toluene can cause severe neurological complications.

Toluene is found in allspice.
Toluene is isolated from distilled tolu balsam (Myroxylon balsamum).

Minor constituent of lime oil (Citrus aurantifolia).
Toluene, formerly known as toluol, is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners.

Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is widely used as an industrial feedstock and as a solvent.
Toluene has been shown to exhibit beta-oxidant, depressant, hepatoprotective, anesthetic and neurotransmitter functions (A7693, A7694, A7695, A7696, A7697).

Applications of Toluene:
Toluene is used in paint and gas refineries, as well as other industrial operations, but Toluene can be toxic when inhaled or ingested.
People working with toluene should be prepared by carrying a first-aid kit in case an emergency arises during work hours.

Different uses of toluene:

A solvent for paints and stains:
This is the most common use of toluene.
Toluene dissolves oils with ease and evaporates quickly, making Toluene the best choice for removing residual stains on walls or boards.

Toluene use in paints is also very common.
Toluene low cost and ability to dissolve pigments makes Toluene a preferred solvent in paint production.
However, this makes Toluene very dangerous to handle when paint spills are reported as inhalation may result in harmful exposure to this chemical compound.

Solvent for rubber cement:
Toluene is also a good solvent for rubber cements because of Toluene relative cheapness and ability to dissolve a variety of compounds.
Toluene is especially good at dissolving rubber cement quickly, making Toluene an ideal choice for sealing envelopes and keeping other stamps dry.

Solvent in the production of styrene-butadiene latexes:
Toluene is also used as a solvent in the production of styrene-butadiene latexes; these are vital products in the production of tires, synthetic rubbers, adhesives and coatings.
This means that controlling toluene is extremely important for anyone wishing to work in a paint manufacturer or tire factory.
However, due to Toluene toxicity in high concentrations, wearing adequate breathing apparatus when working with Toluene may be advisable.

Solvent in the production of rubber chemicals:
Toluene is sometimes used as a solvent in the production of rubber chemicals.
However, Toluene is not widely used because other solvents are cheaper and more efficient.

Solvent for the extraction of oils:
Toluene can also be used as a solvent to extract oils from food products such as olives.
This is extremely important because damaged fruit cannot be sold if Toluene looks unappetizing and could even put people at risk of contracting food poisoning if eaten without processing.
Here again, since toluene has low boiling and vaporization points, Toluene must be handled with care when transferred or processed using machinery.

Solvent in the production of automobile gasoline:
Aside from paints, toluene is also used as a solvent in the production of automobile gasoline.
Toluene low boiling point and low cost make Toluene a popular choice for refiners, especially with lower prices for high-octane blends.

The solvents removed from gasoline are more expensive than those produced by petroleum distillates and can be sold for as much as ten times more.
This explains why toluene is so commonly used by refiners in small quantities compared to other oligomerics such as dicyclopentadiene and tetradecafluoroethylene (CFCs).

Solvent for oil drilling:
Oil drillers often use a mixture of toluene and ethanol in their injection fluid to increase the efficiency of extraction.
This is because the two solvents relax the rock formations in order to increase the amount of oil extracted from those deposits.

This makes Toluene necessary for them to wear proper protection when handling chemical equipment that comes into contact with this chemical compound.
Other drilling operations may also use diesel fuel mixed with toluene, but this mixture is more expensive and less convenient to transport.
This helps to answer the question what is toluene used for.

Solvent in the production of paints:
Toluene is also used as a solvent in the production of paints that are made for rust-proofing.
Toluene works by dissolving the paint and allowing Toluene to penetrate deeper into the metal, making Toluene ideal for use with vehicles exposed to water and elements.
However, Toluene is not used in products intended for commercial or residential houses because of Toluene toxicity when inhaled.

Solvent for removal of residual coatings from fabrics
Another use of toluene is as a solvent for removing residual coatings from fabrics such as polyester and cotton.
About 2-4% toluene is added to the mixture, which is then sprayed on one side of fabric.

In conclusion, toluene has a variety of uses and is widely used in industry.

However, as a result of Toluene toxic nature when inhaled, any worker handling this chemical compound must take the following precautions:
(1)Use a respirator with a strong air supply in case toluene is being released into the atmosphere.

(2)Wear gloves whenever handling products containing toluene, especially paint and cleaning products that may cause exposure when spilled.

(3)Keep an eye on other workers in case they start to exhibit signs of dyspnea or respiratory distress, which are both symptoms of prolonged exposure.
Dyspnea means shortness of breath while respiratory distress is characterized by breathing through the mouth because air cannot be forced through the nose.

(4)Keep all equipment used for handling solvents away from the body as much as possible for maximum protection.

Toluene is primarily used as a mixture added to gasoline to improve octane ratings.

However, toluene is also used in the production of various chemicals, including:
Benzene
Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
Benzoic Acid
Benzoyl Chloride
Toluene Diisocyanate

In addition to the production of certain chemicals and being a gasoline additive, toluene is also used to produce a number of consumer products, including:
Paints
Paint Thinner
Antifreeze
Lacquers
Coatings
Synthetic Fragrances
Adhesives
Inks
Cleaning Agents
Polyurethane
Plastic Soda Bottles
Pharmaceuticals
Dyes
Nylon
Heating Oil
Kerosene
Cosmetic Nail Products
Shoe polish

Uses of Toluene:
The major use of toluene is as a mixture added to gasoline to improve octane ratings.
Toluene is also used to produce benzene and as a solvent in paints, coatings, synthetic fragrances, adhesives, inks, and cleaning agents.

Derived from petroleum, toluene is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.
Purified toluene contains about 0.01% benzene, but crude toluene may contain as much as 25% benzene.

Rotogravure printers were exposed to high concentrations of toluene (decreasing from about 1710 ppm in 1969 to about 43-157 ppm in 1980).
Toluene is used in photography (color retouching)

Toluene is a component of gasoline, paints, inks, lacquers, paint thinners, adhesives, fingernail polish, cleaning agents, and rubber.
BTX (a mixture of benzene, toluene, and xylene) is added to gasoline to improve octane ratings.
Toluene is used to produce benzene, trinitrotoluene (TNT), nylon, plastics, and polyurethanes.

Toluene is used in paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in some printing and leather tanning processes.
Gasoline, which contains 5 to 7 perfect toluene by weight, is the largest source of atmospheric emissions and exposure of the general populace.

Precursor to benzene and xylene:

Toluene is mainly used as a precursor to benzene via hydrodealkylation:
C6H5CH3 + H2 → C6H6 + CH4

The second ranked application involves Toluene disproportionation to a mixture of benzene and xylene.

Nitration:
Nitration of toluene gives mono-, di-, and trinitrotoluene, all of which are widely used.
Dinitrotoluene is the precursor to toluene diisocyanate, which used in the manufacture of polyurethane foam.
Trinitrotoluene is the explosive typically abbreviated TNT.

Oxidation:
Benzoic acid and benzaldehyde are produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen.
Typical catalysts include cobalt or manganese naphthenates.

Solvent:
Toluene is a common solvent, e.g. for paints, paint thinners, silicone sealants, many chemical reactants, rubber, printing ink, adhesives (glues), lacquers, leather tanners, and disinfectants.

Fuel:
Toluene can be used as an octane booster in gasoline fuels for internal combustion engines as well as jet fuel.
Toluene at 86% by volume fuelled all the turbocharged engines in Formula One during the 1980s, first pioneered by the Honda team.

The remaining 14% was a "filler" of n-heptane, to reduce the octane rating to meet Formula One fuel restrictions.
Toluene at 100% can be used as a fuel for both two-stroke and four-stroke engines; however, due to the density of the fuel and other factors, the fuel does not vaporize easily unless preheated to 70 °C (158 °F).
Honda solved this problem in their Formula One cars by routing the fuel lines through a heat exchanger, drawing energy from the water in the cooling system to heat the fuel.

In Australia in 2003, toluene was found to have been illegally combined with petrol in fuel outlets for sale as standard vehicular fuel.
Toluene incurs no fuel excise tax, while other fuels are taxed at more than 40%, providing a greater profit margin for fuel suppliers.
The extent of toluene substitution has not been determined.

Niche applications:
In the laboratory, toluene is used as a solvent for carbon nanomaterials, including nanotubes and fullerenes, and Toluene can also be used as a fullerene indicator.
The color of the toluene solution of C60 is bright purple.

Toluene is used as a cement for fine polystyrene kits (by dissolving and then fusing surfaces) as Toluene can be applied very precisely by brush and contains none of the bulk of an adhesive.
Toluene can be used to break open red blood cells in order to extract hemoglobin in biochemistry experiments.

Toluene has also been used as a coolant for Toluene good heat transfer capabilities in sodium cold traps used in nuclear reactor system loops.
Toluene had also been used in the process of removing the cocaine from coca leaves in the production of Coca-Cola syrup.

Transportation:
Toluene is produced in the manufacturing of gasoline, and Toluene is also a gasoline additive that can be used to improve octane ratings for fuel used in race cars and other automobiles.
The higher the octane number or rating, the greater the fuel’s resistance to knocking or pinging during combustion.
Toluene is used in these applications because Toluene is dense and contains significant energy per unit of volume, which enhances power generation for vehicles.

Personal Care Products:
Toluene has been used as an ingredient in nail polish removers, due to Toluene ability to help dissolve other substances, such as resins and plasticizers.
Toluene has also been used in the formulation of nail products to enable nail polishes, hardeners and lacquers to be applied smoothly.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Toluene is used in the following products: coating products, adhesives and sealants, fuels, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polymers and washing & cleaning products.
Toluene is used in the following areas: building & construction work, scientific research and development and health services.

Toluene is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles.
Other release to the environment of Toluene is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Uses at industrial sites:
Toluene is used in the following products: coating products, adhesives and sealants, polymers, fuels, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners and lubricants and greases.
Toluene is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.

Toluene is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Toluene can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and formulation of mixtures.

Toluene is typically used in the production of paints, rubber, lacquers, glues and adhesives because Toluene can help dry, dissolve and thin other substances.
Toluene is used in the production process to make other chemicals, including benzene, nylon, plastics, and polyurethane and in the synthesis of trinitrotoluene (TNT), benzoic acid, benzoyl chloride and toluene diisocyanate.

Industry Uses:
Adhesion/cohesion promoter
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Anti-adhesive agents
Anti-adhesive/cohesive
Catalyst
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
Defoamer
Diluent
Fuel
Fuel agents
Fuels and fuel additives
Intermediate
Intermediates
Laboratory chemicals
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Lubricating agent
Monomers
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Opacifer
Other
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Photosensitive chemicals
Plasticizers
Processing aids not otherwise specified
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Sealant (barrier)
Solvent
Solvents (for cleaning or degreasing)
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Surface active agents
Surface modifier
Viscosity adjustors
Wetting agent (non-aqueous)

Consumer Uses:
Toluene is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, polishes and waxes, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), textile treatment products and dyes, anti-freeze products, leather treatment products, fuels and adhesives and sealants.
Other release to the environment of Toluene is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Other Consumer Uses:
Adhesion/cohesion promoter
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Anti-adhesive/cohesive
Catalyst
Corrosion inhibitor
Defoamer
Diluent
Dispersing agent
Fuel
Fuel agents
Fuels and fuel additives
Intermediate
Intermediates
Monomers
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Opacifer
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Sealant (barrier)
Solvent
Solvents (for cleaning or degreasing)
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Semiconductor Manufacturing
Painting (Solvents)
Working with Glues and Adhesives
Leather Tanning and Processing
Photographic Processing
Silk-Screen Printing

Activities with risk of exposure:
Painting
Woodworking
Preparing and mounting animal skins (taxidermy)

Properties of Toluene:
Toluene is more reactive to electrophiles than benzene.
Due to the greater part of the methyl group than the electron-releasing properties, Toluene reacts normal fragrant in the same position.
Toluene faces sulphonation to provide an acid called p-toluenesulfonic and chlorination by Cl2 in the presence of FeCl3 to give ortho and para isomers of chlorotoluene.

Chemical properties:
The distance between carbon atoms in the toluene ring is 0.1399 nm.
The C-CH3 bond is longer at 0.1524 nm, while the average C-H bond length is 0.111 nm.

Toluene reacts as a normal aromatic hydrocarbon in electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Because the methyl group has greater electron-releasing properties than a hydrogen atom in the same position, toluene is more reactive than benzene toward electrophiles.
Toluene undergoes sulfonation to give p-toluenesulfonic acid, and chlorination by Cl2 in the presence of FeCl3 to give ortho and para isomers of chlorotoluene.

Importantly, the methyl side chain in toluene is susceptible to oxidation.
Toluene reacts with potassium permanganate to yield benzoic acid, and with chromyl chloride to yield benzaldehyde (Étard reaction).

The C-H bonds of the methyl group in toluene are benzylic, which means that they are weaker than C-H bonds in simpler alkanes.

Reflecting this weakness, the methyl group in toluene undergoes halogenation under free radical conditions.
For example, when heated with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of AIBN, toluene converts to benzyl bromide.
The same conversion can be effected with elemental bromine in the presence of UV light or even sunlight.

Toluene may also be brominated by treating Toluene with HBr and H2O2 in the presence of light.

C6H5CH3 + Br2 → C6H5CH2Br + HBr
C6H5CH2Br + Br2 → C6H5CHBr2 + HBr

The methyl group in toluene undergoes deprotonation only with very strong bases; Toluene pKa is estimated to be approximately 41.
Complete hydrogenation of toluene gives methylcyclohexane. The reaction requires a high pressure of hydrogen and a catalyst.

Miscibility of Toluene:
Toluene is miscible (soluble in all proportions) with ethanol, benzene, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, glacial acetic acid and carbon disulfide, but immiscible with water.

Structure of Toluene:
Toluene is widely used as an industrial raw material and a solvent for manufacturing many commercial products, including paints and glues.

Production of Toluene:
Toluene occurs naturally at low levels in crude oil and is a byproduct in the production of gasoline by a catalytic reformer or ethylene cracker.
Toluene is also a byproduct of the production of coke from coal.
Final separation and purification is done by any of the distillation or solvent extraction processes used for BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylene isomers).

Other preparative routes:
Toluene can be prepared by a variety of methods.

For example, benzene reacts with methanol in presence of a solid acid to give toluene:
C6H6 + CH3OH ->[t^o]C6H5CH3 + H2O

Manufacturing Methods of Toluene:
Toluene is possible to synthesize toluene industrially by alkylation of benzene with methanol, and by cyclization of n-heptane with subsequent aromatization.
However, for economic reasons toluene is extracted from reformates from crude petroleum distillates; liquid products from the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons (steam cracking) /and/ liquid products from the gasification or coking (pyrolysis) of coal, lignite, etc.

An important aspect of the extraction of toluene is the fact that the pyrolysis products (from steam cracking, coking, etc.) must be hydrogenated before pure toluene can be extracted.
The unsaturated components are converted to saturated ones and the heteroatoms such as sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are removed.

In the case of reformates such pretreatment is usually unnecessary.
For the separation of toluene from other components within the same boiling range several methods are available, depending on quality requirements.

Fine fractionation is now suitable only for the production of toluene with lower purity, and involves significant losses in fores and tails.
Azeotropic distillation uses entrainers, such as methanol, to separate toluene from nonaromatics; a nonaromatics - methanol fraction with a lower bp than the methanol - toluene azeotrope distills at the column head, while pure toluene is removed from Toluene base.

Methanol is recovered from the distillate by washing with water.
For economic reasons, extractive distillation is now used only for the separation of toluene from nonaromatics.

Technical grade solvents with higher bp than toluene have proved to be suitable extraction agents, e.g., N-methylpyrrolidone (Distapex process, Lurgi Ol-Gas-Chemie), and morpholine (Morphylane process, Krupp-Koppers).
Extractive distillation essentially involves two distillation columns between which the extraction agent is circulated.

The toluene-containing material is charged to the extraction column; the extraction agent is charged to the column head.
The extraction agent - toluene mixture leaves the column at the bottom, and is separated into pure toluene and extraction agent in a second recovery column.

Toluene obtained at the distillation head of the extraction column contains the nonaromatic components of the starting material and the extraction agent.
This fraction is separated in the recovery column into raffinate (nonaromatics) and extraction agent.
The latter is then combined with the main portion of extraction agent from the recovery column, and fed back into the extraction column.

Catalytic reforming of petroleum steams accounts for 87% of total toluene production.
An additional 9% is separated from pyrolysis gasoline produced in steam crackers during manufacture of ethylene and propylene coal-tar separation from coke ovens produces 1% of total toluene up to 2% of the toluene produced is obtained as a by-product from styrene manufacture.

(1) By catalytic reforming of petroleum.
(2) By fractional distillation of coal tar light oil.

General Manufacturing Information of Toluene:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Adhesive Manufacturing
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
All other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing
Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Coating Materials Manufacturing
Construction
Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Other (requires additional information)
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Paper Manufacturing
Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
Petrochemical Manufacturing
Petroleum Refineries
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing
Primary Metal Manufacturing
Printing and Related Support Activities
Rubber Product Manufacturing
Services
Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade

Identification of Toluene:

Analytic Laboratory Methods:

Method: NIOSH 1501, Issue 3
Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Analyte: toluene
Matrix: air
Detection Limit: 0.7 ug/sample.

Method: NIOSH 2549, Issue 1
Procedure: thermal desorption, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry
Analyte: toluene
Matrix: air
Detection Limit: 100 ng per tube or less.

Method: NIOSH 3800, Issue 1
Procedure: extractive fourier transform infrared spectrometry
Analyte: toluene
Matrix: air
Detection Limit: 1.16 ppm at 10-meter absorption pathlength.

Method: NIOSH 4000, Issue 2
Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Analyte: toluene vapor
Matrix: air
Detection Limit: 0.01 mg/sample.

History of Toluene:
Toluene was first isolated in 1837 through a distillation of pine oil by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Filip Neriusz Walter, who named Toluene rétinnaphte.
In 1841, Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville isolated a hydrocarbon from balsam of Tolu (an aromatic extract from the tropical Colombian tree Myroxylon balsamum), which Deville recognized as similar to Walter's rétinnaphte and to benzene; hence he called the new hydrocarbon benzoène.

In 1843, Jöns Jacob Berzelius recommended the name toluin.
In 1850, French chemist Auguste Cahours isolated from a distillate of wood a hydrocarbon which he recognized as similar to Deville's benzoène and which Cahours named toluène.

Handling and Storage of Toluene:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling Toluene must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Toluene without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Safe Storage of Toluene:
Fireproof.
Separated from strong oxidants.

Storage Conditions of Toluene:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Handle and store under inert gas.

Store in a flammable liquid storage area or approved cabinet away from ignition sources and corrosive and reactive materials.
Before entering confined space where this chemical may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist.

Toluene must be stored to avoid contact with strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine), since violent reactions occur.
Protect storage containers from physical damage.

Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where toluene is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.
Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of toluene should be grounded and bonded.

Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters.
Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of toluene.

Outside or detached storage is preferred.
Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet.
Separate from oxidizing materials.

First Aid Measures of Toluene:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Toluene:
The majority of these products have a very low flash point.
Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or regular foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
If Toluene can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Accidental Release Measures of Toluene:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL:
Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Toluene:

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection:
Chemical protection suit and self-contained breathing apparatus.
Remove all ignition sources.

Do NOT wash away into sewer.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.
Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Identifiers of Toluene:
CAS Number: 108-88-3

Abbreviations:
PhMe
MePh
BnH
Tol

ChEBI: CHEBI:17578
ChEMBL: ChEMBL9113
ChemSpider: 1108
DrugBank: DB01900
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.297
IUPHAR/BPS: 5481
KEGG: C01455
PubChem CID: 1140
RTECS number: XS5250000
UNII: 3FPU23BG52
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID7021360
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3
Key: YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3
Key: YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYAT
SMILES: Cc1ccccc1

EC / List no.: 203-625-9
CAS no.: 108-88-3
Mol. formula: C7H8

Properties of Toluene:
Chemical formula: C7H8
Molar mass: 92.141 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: sweet, pungent, benzene-like
Density: 0.8623 g/mL (25 °C)
Melting point: −95.0 °C (−139.0 °F; 178.2 K)
Boiling point: 110.60 °C (231.08 °F; 383.75 K)
Solubility in water: 0.54 g/L (5 °C)
0.519 g/L (25 °C)
0.63 g/L (45 °C)
1.2 g/L (90 °C)
log P: 2.73
Vapor pressure: 2.8 kPa (20 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −66.1·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.1310 W/(m·K) (25 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4941 (25 °C)
Viscosity: 0.560 mPa·s (25 °C)

Molecular Weight: 92.14 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 92.062600255 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 92.062600255 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 42
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Structure of Toluene:
Dipole moment: 0.375 D

Thermochemistry of Toluene:
Heat capacity (C): 157.3 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): 12.4 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): 3.910 MJ/mol

Related compounds of Toluene:
methylcyclohexane

Related aromatic hydrocarbons:
benzene
xylene
naphthalene

Names of Toluene:

Regulatory process names:
Antisal 1a
Benzene, methyl-
Methacide
Methane, phenyl-
Methylbenzene
Methylbenzol
Phenylmethane
Tolu-Sol
Tolueen
Toluen
Toluene
TOLUENE
Toluene
toluene
Tolueno
Toluol
Toluolo

Translated names:
metylobenzen (pl)
tolueen (et)
tolueen (nl)
Tolueeni (fi)
toluen (cs)
toluen (da)
toluen (hr)
toluen (mt)
toluen (no)
toluen (pl)
Toluen (ro)
toluen (sl)
toluen (sv)
toluen metylobenzen (pl)
toluenas (lt)
toluene (it)
tolueno (es)
tolueno (pt)
Toluol (de)
toluol (hu)
toluols (lv)
toluène (fr)
toluén (sk)
τολουόλιο (el)
толуен (bg)

IUPAC names:
1-Methylbenzene
1-Methylbenzene
ARON S-1030C
Benzene, methyl
Benzene, methyl-
fenilmetano
METHYL BENZENE
Methyl Benzene
Methyl benzene
methyl benzene
Methylbenzen
methylbenzen
METHYLBENZENE
Methylbenzene
methylbenzene
Methylbenzene
Methylbenzol
METILBENZENE
metilbenzene
metylobenzen
Phenylmethane
Toluen
toluen
TOLUENE
Toluene
toluene
TOLUENE
Toluene
toluene
Toluene (TR0009B)
Toluol
Toluol
Toluène
Toulene
Touol technisch

Preferred IUPAC name:
Toluene

Systematic IUPAC name:
Methylbenzene

Trade names:
1-Methylbenzene
Antisal 1a
Benzene, methyl- (9CI)
CP 25
CP 25 (solvent)
Crosslinker 181 S
Methacide
Methylbenzene
Methylbenzol
Phenylmethane
POLYTONE AP 108
POLYTONE AP 109
POLYTONE AP 109 D
POLYTONE AP 110
POLYTONE AP 111
POLYTONE AP 111 HM
POLYTONE AP 112
POLYTONE AP 112 SR
POLYTONE AP 114
POLYTONE AP 120
POLYTONE AP 130
Pure Toluene
Reintoluol
SS 8010
Toluene
toluene
Toluene (8CI)
TOLUENO
Tolueno
Toluol
Toluol (L)
Toluol technisch
TSC920

Other names:
Methyl benzene
Benzylene
Phenylmethane
Toluol
Anisen

Other identifiers:
1053657-77-4
108-88-3
1202864-97-8
601-021-00-3

Synonyms of Toluene:
toluene
methylbenzene
108-88-3
toluol
Phenylmethane
Benzene, methyl-
methacide
methylbenzol
antisal 1a
Toluen
tolu-sol
monomethyl benzene
Methane, phenyl-
Tolueen
Toluolo
phenyl methane
1-Methylbenzene
methyl-Benzene
p-toluene
RCRA waste number U220
NCI-C07272
4-methylbenzene
Benzene, methyl
CP 25
NSC 406333
UN 1294
PHME
Toluene-13C6
NSC-406333
TOLUENE (RING-D5)
CHEMBL9113
3FPU23BG52
DTXSID7021360
CHEBI:17578
Toluene, anhydrous
MFCD00008512
NCGC00090939-02
Tolueen [Dutch]
Toluen [Czech]
Toluene, analytical standard
Tolueno [Spanish]
Toluolo [Italian]
DTXCID501360
Caswell No. 859
Tolueno
methyl benzene
para-toluene
Toluene, ACS reagent, >=99.5%
Toluene 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
CAS-108-88-3
CCRIS 2366
HSDB 131
EINECS 203-625-9
UN1294
RCRA waste no. U220
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 080601
UNII-3FPU23BG52
Dracyl
phenyl-methane
toluene solvent
2-methylbenzene
toluene-
AI3-02261
MePh
Titration Solvent
2-methyl benzene
4-methyl-benzene
Benzylidyne radical
Toluene ACS Grade
Toluene HPLC grade
Methylbenzene, 9CI
Toluene (Technical)
Toluene, for HPLC
PhCH3
Toluene, ACS reagent
Toluene, HPLC Grade
4i7k
TOLUENE [HSDB]
TOLUENE [IARC]
TOLUENE [INCI]
Toluene, 99.5%
TOLUENE [MI]
TOLUENE [MART.]
TOLUENE [USP-RS]
Toluene Reagent Grade ACS
EC 203-625-9
Toluene, Environmental Grade
Toluene, Semiconductor Grade
Toluene, LR, >=99%
C6H5CH3
TOLUENE [GREEN BOOK]
WLN: 1R
BIDD:ER0288
Toluene, anhydrous, 99.8%
Toluene, ASTM, 99.5%
Toluene, p.a., 99.5%
GTPL5481
Toluene, AR, >=99.5%
Toluene, for HPLC, 99.9%
Toluene, LR, rectified, 99%
DTXSID00184990
Toluene, HPLC grade, 99.8%
Toluene, Spectrophotometric Grade
Toluene 10 microg/mL in Methanol
Toluene, LR, sulfur free, 99%
Toluene, AR, rectified, 99.5%
Toluene, technical grade, 95.0%
BCP16202
Toluene, for HPLC, >=99.8%
Toluene, for HPLC, >=99.9%
Toluene, histology grade, practical
Toluene, PRA grade, >=99.8%
Toluene 100 microg/mL in Methanol
Tox21_111042
Tox21_201224
BDBM50008558
NSC406333
Toluene, purification grade, 99.8%
AKOS015840411
DB11558
Toluene, anhydrous, (water < 50ppm)
Toluene, puriss., >=99.5% (GC)
Toluene, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
NCGC00090939-01
NCGC00090939-03
NCGC00258776-01
Toluene [UN1294] [Flammable liquid]
Toluene, JIS special grade, >=99.5%
Toluene, Laboratory Reagent, >=99.3%
RAMIPRIL IMPURITY G [EP IMPURITY]
Toluene, for HPLC, >=99.7% (GC)
Toluene, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.5%
Toluene, anhydrous, ZerO2(TM), 99.8%
FT-0688208
T0260
Toluene, suitable for determination of dioxins
C01455
Q15779
Toluene, suitable for scintillation, >=99.7%
Toluene liquid density, NIST(R) SRM(R) 211d
A801937
SR-01000944565
Toluene, ACS spectrophotometric grade, >=99.5%
SR-01000944565-1
Toluene, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, 99.5%
Toluene, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.5%
Toluene, absolute, over molecular sieve (H2O <=0.005%), >=99.7% (GC)
Toluene, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Residual Solvent - Toluene, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Toluene, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.7% (GC)
25013-04-1
108-88-3 [RN]
1262769-46-9 [RN]
203-625-9 [EINECS]
635760 [Beilstein]
Benzene, methyl
Benzene, methyl- [ACD/Index Name]
MeC6H5 [Formula]
Methane, phenyl-
Methyl benzene
methylbenzene [Wiki]
methyl-benzene
MFCD00008512 [MDL number]
MFCD08460928 [MDL number]
phenyl methane
phenylmethane
Tolueen [Dutch]
Toluen [Czech]
Toluen [Turkish]
Toluene [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
Toluène [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Tolueno [Spanish]
Toluol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Toluolo [Italian]
Τολουόλιο [Modern Greek (1453-)]
Толуол [Russian]
トルエン [Japanese]
分子式 [Chinese]
1,3-Dideuterio-5-methylbenzene
1124-18-1 [RN]
1603-99-2 [RN]
1-methylbenzene
22904-44-5 [RN]
Methyl benzol
Methylbenzene, FM approval
Methylbenzene203-625-9MFCD00008512
Methylbenzene-d5
methylene, phenyl-
MFCD00012047 [MDL number]
otoline
Phenyl-Methane
Phenylmethylene
TOLUENE (METHYL-D3)
Toluene, GlenDry, anhydrous
toluene-d5
Toluol, Methylbenzene
Tolu-Sol [Trade name]

DL-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate; 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-b- enzopyran-6-ol, acetate; Tocopheryl acetate; 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol acetate; 133-80-2; 1407-18-7; 18920-61-1; 54-22-8; DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate; cas no: 7695-91-2

Tolyltriazole; Tolutriazole; Methyl-1H-benzotriazole; Metil-1H-benzotriazol; 5-Methylbenzotriazole; 5-Methyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole; Méthyl-1H-benzotriazole; Tolyltriazole; Methylbenzotriazole; 4(or 5)-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole; Stabinol MBTZ; CAS NO: 29385-43-1

Toluene-2,5-diol is a versatile compound that finds many applications in polymer science due to its good binding properties and strength.
Toluene-2,5-diol is an off-white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 124.137 g/mol and a melting point ranging around 110-112°C.
Additionally, Toluene-2,5-diol is used as a stabilizer in acrylics and as an antioxidant for fatty esters, linseed oil, and other inedible fats and oils.

CAS Number: 95-71-6
EC number: 202-443-7
Molecular Formula: CH3C6H3-1,4-(OH)2
Molecular Weight: 124.14

Synonyms: Toluhydroquinone, 2-Toluhydroquinone, 95-71-6, 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, Toluhydroquinone, p-Toluhydroquinone, Toluquinol, p-Toluquinol, Tolylhydroquinone, p-Toluhydroquinol, 2,5-Toluenediol, Methyl-p-hydroquinone, 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzenediol, METHYL HYDROQUINONE, Hydroquinone, methyl-, Hydroquinone, tolyl-, Pyrolin, 2-Methyl-1,4-hydroquinone, NSC 4962, UNII-332W51E0OC, MFCD00002345, NSC4962, 332W51E0OC, EINECS 202-443-7, BRN 2041489, 2-Methyl-benzene-1,4-diol, methylhydroquinon, 3-methyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, AI3-14932, 2-methylhydroquinol, methyl-p-hydroquinol, monoToluhydroquinone, 2-methyl hydroquinone, 2-Methyl-hydroquinone, monomethyl hydroquinone, 2-Methyl-p-hydroquinone, DSSTox_CID_876, Toluhydroquinone, 99%, 3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenol, 4-hydroxy-2-methylphenol, EC 202-443-7, 2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diole, DSSTox_RID_75840, Toluhydroquinone, >=99%, WLN: L6V DVJ X1, DSSTox_GSID_20876, SCHEMBL36349, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene polymer, 2,5-DHTOP, 4-06-00-05866, 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, CHEMBL450917, WLN: L6V DVJ XR X1, 3-metyl-1,4-dihydroxy benzene, DTXSID4020876, 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroxy benzene, CHEBI:133842, BDBM176768, ZINC388086, NSC-4962, Tox21_200506, AKOS015856210, AC-4660, CS-W013533, MCULE-7035325950, CAS-95-71-6, NCGC00248664-01, NCGC00258060-01, AS-15442, CAS# 95-71-6, P353, FT-0613052, M0342, Toluhydroquinone, purum, >=98.0% (HPLC), E83005, US9688816, 8, Q1925586, W-109360, F0001-2277, N-a-Fmoc-N-?-allyloxycarbonyl-L-2,3-diaminopropionicacid, 7DV, 2-Methyl-p-hydroquinone, 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-, 202-443-7, 2041489, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzenediol, 2-Méthyl-1,4-benzènediol, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzoldiol, 2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diol, 2-Toluhydroquinone, 95-71-6, Toluhydroquinone, MFCD00002345, MX6700000, QR DQ B1, "1,4-BENZENEDIOL, 2-METHYL-", "1,4-BENZENEDIOL, 2-METHYL-"|"2-METHYLBENZENE-1,4-DIOL", "2-METHYLBENZENE-1,4-DIOL", p-toluquinol, 1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propanone, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 135648-79-2, 140627-29-8, 2,4-DCT, 2,5-DHTOP, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, Toluhydroquinone, 2,5-Toluenediol, 202-443-7MFCD00002345, 202-445-8, 29763-99-3, 2-METHYLHYDROQUI, 2-Toluhydroquinone;2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, 4-05-00-00815, 4-06-00-05866, 437-50-3, 65916-21-4, 78446-96-5, 7DV, 95-73-8, 96937-50-7, EINECS 202-443-7, Gentisin, Hydroquinone, methyl-, Toluhydroquinone, Toluhydroquinone|2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, Methyl-p-hydroquinone, PHENOXY, 4-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-, S1, THQ (VAN), WLN: L6V DVJ X1, WLN: L6V DVJ XR X1

Toluene-2,5-diol typically appears as white to off-white crystals or a powder.
Toluene-2,5-diol has a melting point ranging around 110-112°C and is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and chloroform.

Toluene-2,5-diol is a versatile compound.
Toluene-2,5-diol finds many applications in the field of polymer science due to Ant good binding properties as well as Toluene-2,5-diol strength.

Toluene-2,5-diol is an off-white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 124.137 g/mol.
Toluene-2,5-diol has a characteristic odor and Toluene-2,5-diol melting point is 262.4°F.

Toluene-2,5-diol is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can bind to DNA, forming covalent adducts.
Toluene-2,5-diol has been shown to have an optimum concentration of 10 μM, and the hydroxyl group on Toluene-2,5-diol phenolic ring enables Toluene-2,5-diol to form hydrogen bonding interactions with nucleic acids.

Toluene-2,5-diol has been shown to inhibit angiogenic process in vitro and in vivo, as well as inhibiting the growth of tumor cells by binding to DNA.
Toluene-2,5-diol also inhibits the transfer of methyl groups from methyl donors such as S-adenosylhomocysteine and methionine to acceptor molecules such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Toluene-2,5-diol Chemical which is a tan to white crystalline solid.
Toluene-2,5-diol is a highly active inhibitor in the free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers and unsaturated polyesters.

Toluene-2,5-diol undergoes chemical reactions similar to those of hydroquinone.
The presence of a methyl group in the ortho position in the Toluene-2,5-diol molecule is the slight structural and behavioral difference between Toluene-2,5-diol and hydroquinone.

Toluene-2,5-diol or Toluquinol belongs to a class of compounds called Hydroquinones with one of the benzene hydrogens replaced by a methyl group.
Toluene-2,5-diol is produced by the oxidation of o-cresol by the mutants G103S, G103S/A107G, and G103S/A107T.

Toluene-2,5-diol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.

Toluene-2,5-diol is used as a stabilizer in acrylics and as an antioxidant for fatty esters, linseed oil and other inedible fats and oils.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.

Toluene-2,5-diol is an organic compound with the molecular formula C7H8O2.
Toluene-2,5-diol is a derivative of hydroquinone, featuring a methyl group attached to the benzene ring at the 2-position.
This structural modification alters Toluene-2,5-diol's properties compared to hydroquinone.

Toluene-2,5-diol typically appears as white to off-white crystals or powder.
Toluene-2,5-diol has a melting point ranging around 110-112°C.
While sparingly soluble in water, Toluene-2,5-diol is more soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.

Toluene-2,5-diol finds application in various industries:

Photography:
Toluene-2,5-diol serves as a developing agent in black-and-white photographic developers, facilitating the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver for image formation.

Polymerization Inhibition:
Toluene-2,5-diol acts as an inhibitor in the polymerization of monomers like acrylic acid and styrene, preventing unwanted polymerization during storage and transportation.

Chemical Synthesis:
Toluene-2,5-diol is used as a precursor or intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and other organic compounds.

Antioxidant:
Toluene-2,5-diol exhibits antioxidant properties due to its phenolic structure, aiding in stabilizing materials against oxidative degradation.
While considered to have low acute toxicity, Toluene-2,5-diol may pose health risks upon prolonged or repeated exposure and can cause skin sensitization in sensitive individuals.
Toluene-2,5-diol should be handled with appropriate precautions and stored away from incompatible materials and ignition sources.

In the environment, Toluene-2,5-diol is expected to biodegrade, although the rate of degradation may vary depending on environmental conditions.
Limited data are available on Toluene-2,5-diol's ecotoxicity, emphasizing the importance of proper handling and disposal to minimize environmental impact.

Toluene-2,5-diol's versatility and utility in various industrial processes make it a valuable compound, but careful management is essential to ensure both safety and environmental responsibility.

Applications of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Toluene-2,5-diol is used as a stabilizer for unsaturated polyesters and as an antioxidant for fatty esters, linseed oil, and other nonfood fats and oils.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used as a stabilizer to inhibit peroxide formation in ethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons and ethyl cellulose.
Toluene-2,5-diol is also used as an intermediate to manufacture other stabilizers, dyes, pharmaceuticals and plasticizers.

Toluene-2,5-diol is a marine fungus metabolite, showing activity as an angiosupressor that interferes with the Akt pathway.
Allows for screening of novel inhibitors of angiogenesis.

Toluene-2,5-diol is used as a general adhesive and binding agent in various preparations.
In the automotive industry, Toluene-2,5-diol is widely used for repair as well as maintenance and also caring for automobiles viz, auto shampoo, wax, polish, brake grease.

Toluene-2,5-diol is the main ingredient of any paint.
Toluene-2,5-diol is polymers that form a continuous film on a solid surface.
Toluene-2,5-diol ensure that the coating is evenly spread and well adsorbed on to the surface.

Toluene-2,5-diol also have the major role of holing the pigment molecules responsible for color evenly across the coating.
Toluene-2,5-diol is one of the most widely used a binder for paints.

The technology of thermal insulation of buildings is one of the many steps that men have taken for a sustainable future.
Thermal insulation of buildings reduces energy consumption and prevent heat loss or gain by buildings.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used for thermal insulation as well as soundproofing.

In the construction of buildings and ships, Toluene-2,5-diol is used for plumbing, electrical work, and also bricklaying.
Toluene-2,5-diol is also used to repair sporting boats.

Toluene-2,5-diol can be used as a reactant to prepare:
A semiflexible thermotropic polyester via polycondensation reaction with 4,4′-sebacoyldioxydibenzoyl chloride.
A sesquiterpene (±)-helibisabonol A.
-poly{hexakis[(methyl)(4-hydroxyphenoxy)]cyclotriphosphazene} by reacting with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene.
-6-Hydroxy-4,7-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one by treating with ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of H2SO4 as a catalyst.

Uses of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Toluene-2,5-diol finds application in various industries due to its properties.

Some of Toluene-2,5-diol's common uses include:

1. Photography:
Toluene-2,5-diol serves as a developing agent in black-and-white photographic developers.
Toluene-2,5-diol facilitates the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver, aiding in the formation of photographic images.

2. Polymerization Inhibition:
Toluene-2,5-diol acts as an inhibitor in the polymerization of monomers such as acrylic acid and styrene.
By preventing unwanted polymerization during storage and transportation, Toluene-2,5-diol helps maintain the stability of monomeric solutions.

3. Chemical Synthesis:
Toluene-2,5-diol is utilized as a precursor or intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Toluene-2,5-diol is employed in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and other specialty chemicals.

4. Antioxidant:
Due to its phenolic structure, Toluene-2,5-diol exhibits antioxidant properties.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used to stabilize materials against oxidative degradation in industries such as plastics, rubber, and personal care products.

5. Chemical Analysis:
In analytical chemistry, Toluene-2,5-diol is employed as a reagent for the determination of certain metals, such as iron and copper.

6. Research and Development:
Toluene-2,5-diol is used in laboratory research and development for its reactivity and ability to modify organic compounds.

These applications highlight the versatility and utility of Toluene-2,5-diol in various industrial processes, ranging from photography and polymerization inhibition to chemical synthesis and antioxidant protection.

Toluene-2,5-diol is antioxidant, polymerization inhibitor.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used as stabilizer and antioxidant in aerylic monomers to prevent polymerization.

Toluene-2,5-diol is a marine fungus metabolite, showing activity as an angiosupressor that interferes with the Akt pathway.
Allows for screening of novel inhibitors of angiogenesis.

Consumer Uses:
Toluene-2,5-diol is used in the following products: coating products.
Other release to the environment of Toluene-2,5-diol is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Uses at industrial sites:
Toluene-2,5-diol is used in the following products: coating products, laboratory chemicals, polymers, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and adhesives and sealants.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Toluene-2,5-diol can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as processing aid, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and for thermoplastic manufacture.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Toluene-2,5-diol is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and polymers.
Toluene-2,5-diol is used in the following areas: building & construction work.

Toluene-2,5-diol is used for the manufacture of: plastic products.
Other release to the environment of Toluene-2,5-diol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Synthesis of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Toluene-2,5-diol can be synthesized through various methods, including the alkylating hydroquinone with methyl iodide in the presence of a base, or the oxidation of 2-methylphenol (o-cresol) using oxidizing agents such as nitric acid or potassium permanganate.

Manufacturing of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Toluene-2,5-diol or methyl ether derivative thereof is prepared by contacting paramethoxyphenol or para-dimethoxybenzene with an acid catalyst, preferably a solid acid catalyst, at a temperature ranging from 100° to 300° C.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Toluene-2,5-diol inhibits the growth of endothelial and tumor cells in culture in the micromolar range and is a promising drug candidate in the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-related pathologies.

Identifiers of Toluene-2,5-diol:
CAS: 95-71-6
Molecular Formula: C7H8O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 124.14
MDL Number: MFCD00002345
InChI Key: CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 7253
IUPAC Name: 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol
SMILES: CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O

IUPAC Name: 1-Methyl-4-(2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol)
CAS Number: 2468-81-9
Molecular Formula: C7H8O2
SMILES: CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)C(O)=C
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H8O2/c1-5-2-4-7(9)6(8)3-5/h2-4,9H,1H3
InChI Key: CHUINQENSVKLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Properties of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Molecular Weight: 124.14
XLogP3: 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 124.052429494
Monoisotopic Mass: 124.052429494
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Complexity: 92.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Quality Level: 100
Assay: 99%
Form: solid
Autoignition temp.: 851 °F
mp: 128-130 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: Cc1cc(O)ccc1O
InChI: 1S/C7H8O2/c1-5-4-6(8)2-3-7(5)9/h2-4,8-9H,1H3
InChI key: CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Number: M0342
Purity / Analysis Method: >98.0%(T)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C7H8O2 = 124.14
Physical State (20 deg.C). Solid
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Light Sensitive,Air Sensitive
CAS RN: 95-71-6
Reaxys Registry Number: 2041489
PubChem Substance ID: 87572412
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 3439
MDL Number: MFCD00002345

Melting point: 128-130 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 285°C
Density: 1.1006 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.4922 (estimate)
Flash point: 172 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 77g/l
form: Crystalline Powder
pka: pK1:10.03;pK2:11.62 (25°C)
color: Grayish-white to light beige
Water Solubility: 77 g/L (25 ºC)
BRN: 2041489
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, strong bases.
InChIKey: CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 95-71-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 332W51E0OC
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-(95-71-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Toluene-2,5-diol (95-71-6)

Physicochemical Information of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Flash point: 172 °C
Ignition temperature: 468 °C
Melting Point: 128 - 130 °C
Solubility: 77 g/l

Specifications of Toluene-2,5-diol:
Assay (HPLC, area%): ≥ 97.0 % (a/a)
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 125 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 128 °C
Identity (IR): passes test
Purity: >98.0%(T)

Names of Toluene-2,5-diol:

Regulatory process names:
2-Toluene-2,5-diol
2-Toluene-2,5-diol

CAS names:
1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-

IUPAC names:
2-METHYL HYDROQUINONE
2-Methyl-1,4-benzenediol
2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol
2-Toluene-2,5-diol
2-Toluene-2,5-diol
Toluene-2,5-diol
Toluene-2,5-diol

Other identifiers:
135648-79-2
140627-29-8
29763-99-3
65916-21-4
78446-96-5
95-71-6
96937-50-7

Toluhydroquinone, a derivative of hydroquinone with a methyl group attached to the benzene ring at the 2-position, typically appears as white to off-white crystals or powder, with a melting point ranging around 110-112°C.
Toluhydroquinone is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.
Toluhydroquinone finds applications in polymer science, serving as a stabilizer in acrylics and as an antioxidant for various fats and oils.

CAS Number: 95-71-6
EC number: 202-443-7
Molecular Formula: CH3C6H3-1,4-(OH)2
Molecular Weight: 124.14

Synonyms: Toluhydroquinone, 2-Toluhydroquinone, 95-71-6, 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, Toluhydroquinone, p-Toluhydroquinone, Toluquinol, p-Toluquinol, Tolylhydroquinone, p-Toluhydroquinol, 2,5-Toluenediol, Methyl-p-hydroquinone, 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzenediol, METHYL HYDROQUINONE, Hydroquinone, methyl-, Hydroquinone, tolyl-, Pyrolin, 2-Methyl-1,4-hydroquinone, NSC 4962, UNII-332W51E0OC, MFCD00002345, NSC4962, 332W51E0OC, EINECS 202-443-7, BRN 2041489, 2-Methyl-benzene-1,4-diol, methylhydroquinon, 3-methyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, AI3-14932, 2-methylhydroquinol, methyl-p-hydroquinol, monoToluhydroquinone, 2-methyl hydroquinone, 2-Methyl-hydroquinone, monomethyl hydroquinone, 2-Methyl-p-hydroquinone, DSSTox_CID_876, Toluhydroquinone, 99%, 3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenol, 4-hydroxy-2-methylphenol, EC 202-443-7, 2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diole, DSSTox_RID_75840, Toluhydroquinone, >=99%, WLN: L6V DVJ X1, DSSTox_GSID_20876, SCHEMBL36349, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene polymer, 2,5-DHTOP, 4-06-00-05866, 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, CHEMBL450917, WLN: L6V DVJ XR X1, 3-metyl-1,4-dihydroxy benzene, DTXSID4020876, 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroxy benzene, CHEBI:133842, BDBM176768, ZINC388086, NSC-4962, Tox21_200506, AKOS015856210, AC-4660, CS-W013533, MCULE-7035325950, CAS-95-71-6, NCGC00248664-01, NCGC00258060-01, AS-15442, CAS# 95-71-6, P353, FT-0613052, M0342, Toluhydroquinone, purum, >=98.0% (HPLC), E83005, US9688816, 8, Q1925586, W-109360, F0001-2277, N-a-Fmoc-N-?-allyloxycarbonyl-L-2,3-diaminopropionicacid, 7DV, 2-Methyl-p-hydroquinone, 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-, 202-443-7, 2041489, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzenediol, 2-Méthyl-1,4-benzènediol, 2-Methyl-1,4-benzoldiol, 2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diol, 2-Toluhydroquinone, 95-71-6, Toluhydroquinone, MFCD00002345, MX6700000, QR DQ B1, "1,4-BENZENEDIOL, 2-METHYL-", "1,4-BENZENEDIOL, 2-METHYL-"|"2-METHYLBENZENE-1,4-DIOL", "2-METHYLBENZENE-1,4-DIOL", p-toluquinol, 1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propanone, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 135648-79-2, 140627-29-8, 2,4-DCT, 2,5-DHTOP, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, Toluhydroquinone, 2,5-Toluenediol, 202-443-7MFCD00002345, 202-445-8, 29763-99-3, 2-METHYLHYDROQUI, 2-Toluhydroquinone;2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, 4-05-00-00815, 4-06-00-05866, 437-50-3, 65916-21-4, 78446-96-5, 7DV, 95-73-8, 96937-50-7, EINECS 202-443-7, Gentisin, Hydroquinone, methyl-, Toluhydroquinone, Toluhydroquinone|2,5-Dihydroxytoluene, Methyl-p-hydroquinone, PHENOXY, 4-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-, S1, THQ (VAN), WLN: L6V DVJ X1, WLN: L6V DVJ XR X1

Toluhydroquinone typically appears as white to off-white crystals or a powder.
Toluhydroquinone has a melting point ranging around 110-112°C and is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and chloroform.

Toluhydroquinone is a versatile compound.
Toluhydroquinone finds many applications in the field of polymer science due to Ant good binding properties as well as Toluhydroquinone strength.

Toluhydroquinone is an off-white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 124.137 g/mol.
Toluhydroquinone has a characteristic odor and Toluhydroquinone melting point is 262.4°F.

Toluhydroquinone is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can bind to DNA, forming covalent adducts.
Toluhydroquinone has been shown to have an optimum concentration of 10 μM, and the hydroxyl group on Toluhydroquinone phenolic ring enables Toluhydroquinone to form hydrogen bonding interactions with nucleic acids.

Toluhydroquinone has been shown to inhibit angiogenic process in vitro and in vivo, as well as inhibiting the growth of tumor cells by binding to DNA.
Toluhydroquinone also inhibits the transfer of methyl groups from methyl donors such as S-adenosylhomocysteine and methionine to acceptor molecules such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Toluhydroquinone Chemical which is a tan to white crystalline solid.
Toluhydroquinone is a highly active inhibitor in the free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers and unsaturated polyesters.

Toluhydroquinone undergoes chemical reactions similar to those of hydroquinone.
The presence of a methyl group in the ortho position in the toluhydroquinone molecule is the slight structural and behavioral difference between toluhydroquinone and hydroquinone.

Toluhydroquinone or Toluquinol belongs to a class of compounds called Hydroquinones with one of the benzene hydrogens replaced by a methyl group.
Toluhydroquinone is produced by the oxidation of o-cresol by the mutants G103S, G103S/A107G, and G103S/A107T.

Toluhydroquinone is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Toluhydroquinone is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.

Toluhydroquinone is used as a stabilizer in acrylics and as an antioxidant for fatty esters, linseed oil and other inedible fats and oils.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.

Toluhydroquinone, also known as 2-Methylhydroquinone or Toluene-2,5-diol, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C7H8O2.
Toluhydroquinone is a derivative of hydroquinone, featuring a methyl group attached to the benzene ring at the 2-position.
This structural modification alters Toluhydroquinone's properties compared to hydroquinone.

Toluhydroquinone typically appears as white to off-white crystals or powder.
Toluhydroquinone has a melting point ranging around 110-112°C.
While sparingly soluble in water, Toluhydroquinone is more soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.

Toluhydroquinone finds application in various industries:

Photography:
Toluhydroquinone serves as a developing agent in black-and-white photographic developers, facilitating the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver for image formation.

Polymerization Inhibition:
Toluhydroquinone acts as an inhibitor in the polymerization of monomers like acrylic acid and styrene, preventing unwanted polymerization during storage and transportation.

Chemical Synthesis:
Toluhydroquinone is used as a precursor or intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and other organic compounds.

Antioxidant:
Toluhydroquinone exhibits antioxidant properties due to its phenolic structure, aiding in stabilizing materials against oxidative degradation.
While considered to have low acute toxicity, toluhydroquinone may pose health risks upon prolonged or repeated exposure and can cause skin sensitization in sensitive individuals.
Toluhydroquinone should be handled with appropriate precautions and stored away from incompatible materials and ignition sources.

In the environment, toluhydroquinone is expected to biodegrade, although the rate of degradation may vary depending on environmental conditions.
Limited data are available on Toluhydroquinone's ecotoxicity, emphasizing the importance of proper handling and disposal to minimize environmental impact.

Toluhydroquinone's versatility and utility in various industrial processes make it a valuable compound, but careful management is essential to ensure both safety and environmental responsibility.

Applications of Toluhydroquinone:
Toluhydroquinone is used as a stabilizer for unsaturated polyesters and as an antioxidant for fatty esters, linseed oil, and other nonfood fats and oils.
Toluhydroquinone is used as a stabilizer to inhibit peroxide formation in ethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons and ethyl cellulose.
Toluhydroquinone is also used as an intermediate to manufacture other stabilizers, dyes, pharmaceuticals and plasticizers.

Toluhydroquinone is a marine fungus metabolite, showing activity as an angiosupressor that interferes with the Akt pathway.
Allows for screening of novel inhibitors of angiogenesis.

Toluhydroquinone is used as a general adhesive and binding agent in various preparations.
In the automotive industry, Toluhydroquinone is widely used for repair as well as maintenance and also caring for automobiles viz, auto shampoo, wax, polish, brake grease.

Toluhydroquinone is the main ingredient of any paint.
Toluhydroquinone is polymers that form a continuous film on a solid surface.
Toluhydroquinone ensure that the coating is evenly spread and well adsorbed on to the surface.

Toluhydroquinone also have the major role of holing the pigment molecules responsible for color evenly across the coating.
Toluhydroquinone is one of the most widely used a binder for paints.

The technology of thermal insulation of buildings is one of the many steps that men have taken for a sustainable future.
Thermal insulation of buildings reduces energy consumption and prevent heat loss or gain by buildings.
Toluhydroquinone is used for thermal insulation as well as soundproofing.

In the construction of buildings and ships, Toluhydroquinone is used for plumbing, electrical work, and also bricklaying.
Toluhydroquinone is also used to repair sporting boats.

Toluhydroquinone can be used as a reactant to prepare:
A semiflexible thermotropic polyester via polycondensation reaction with 4,4′-sebacoyldioxydibenzoyl chloride.
A sesquiterpene (±)-helibisabonol A.
-poly{hexakis[(methyl)(4-hydroxyphenoxy)]cyclotriphosphazene} by reacting with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene.
-6-Hydroxy-4,7-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one by treating with ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of H2SO4 as a catalyst.

Uses of Toluhydroquinone:
Toluhydroquinone finds application in various industries due to its properties.

Some of Toluhydroquinone's common uses include:

1. Photography:
Toluhydroquinone serves as a developing agent in black-and-white photographic developers.
Toluhydroquinone facilitates the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver, aiding in the formation of photographic images.

2. Polymerization Inhibition:
Toluhydroquinone acts as an inhibitor in the polymerization of monomers such as acrylic acid and styrene.
By preventing unwanted polymerization during storage and transportation, Toluhydroquinone helps maintain the stability of monomeric solutions.

3. Chemical Synthesis:
Toluhydroquinone is utilized as a precursor or intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Toluhydroquinone is employed in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and other specialty chemicals.

4. Antioxidant:
Due to its phenolic structure, toluhydroquinone exhibits antioxidant properties.
Toluhydroquinone is used to stabilize materials against oxidative degradation in industries such as plastics, rubber, and personal care products.

5. Chemical Analysis:
In analytical chemistry, toluhydroquinone is employed as a reagent for the determination of certain metals, such as iron and copper.

6. Research and Development:
Toluhydroquinone is used in laboratory research and development for its reactivity and ability to modify organic compounds.

These applications highlight the versatility and utility of toluhydroquinone in various industrial processes, ranging from photography and polymerization inhibition to chemical synthesis and antioxidant protection.

Toluhydroquinone is antioxidant, polymerization inhibitor.
Toluhydroquinone is used as stabilizer and antioxidant in aerylic monomers to prevent polymerization.

Toluhydroquinone is a marine fungus metabolite, showing activity as an angiosupressor that interferes with the Akt pathway.
Allows for screening of novel inhibitors of angiogenesis.

Consumer Uses:
Toluhydroquinone is used in the following products: coating products.
Other release to the environment of Toluhydroquinone is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Uses at industrial sites:
Toluhydroquinone is used in the following products: coating products, laboratory chemicals, polymers, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and adhesives and sealants.
Toluhydroquinone is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Toluhydroquinone can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as processing aid, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and for thermoplastic manufacture.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Toluhydroquinone is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and polymers.
Toluhydroquinone is used in the following areas: building & construction work.

Toluhydroquinone is used for the manufacture of: plastic products.
Other release to the environment of Toluhydroquinone is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Synthesis of Toluhydroquinone:
Toluhydroquinone can be synthesized through various methods, including the alkylating hydroquinone with methyl iodide in the presence of a base, or the oxidation of 2-methylphenol (o-cresol) using oxidizing agents such as nitric acid or potassium permanganate.

Manufacturing of Toluhydroquinone:
Toluhydroquinone or methyl ether derivative thereof is prepared by contacting paramethoxyphenol or para-dimethoxybenzene with an acid catalyst, preferably a solid acid catalyst, at a temperature ranging from 100° to 300° C.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Toluhydroquinone:
Toluhydroquinone inhibits the growth of endothelial and tumor cells in culture in the micromolar range and is a promising drug candidate in the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-related pathologies.

Identifiers of Toluhydroquinone:
CAS: 95-71-6
Molecular Formula: C7H8O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 124.14
MDL Number: MFCD00002345
InChI Key: CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 7253
IUPAC Name: 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol
SMILES: CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O

IUPAC Name: 1-Methyl-4-(2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol)
Common Names: Toluhydroquinone, 2-Methylhydroquinone, Toluene-2,5-diol
CAS Number: 2468-81-9
Molecular Formula: C7H8O2
SMILES: CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)C(O)=C
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H8O2/c1-5-2-4-7(9)6(8)3-5/h2-4,9H,1H3
InChI Key: CHUINQENSVKLOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Properties of Toluhydroquinone:
Molecular Weight: 124.14
XLogP3: 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 124.052429494
Monoisotopic Mass: 124.052429494
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Complexity: 92.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Quality Level: 100
Assay: 99%
Form: solid
Autoignition temp.: 851 °F
mp: 128-130 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: Cc1cc(O)ccc1O
InChI: 1S/C7H8O2/c1-5-4-6(8)2-3-7(5)9/h2-4,8-9H,1H3
InChI key: CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Number: M0342
Purity / Analysis Method: >98.0%(T)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C7H8O2 = 124.14
Physical State (20 deg.C). Solid
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Light Sensitive,Air Sensitive
CAS RN: 95-71-6
Reaxys Registry Number: 2041489
PubChem Substance ID: 87572412
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 3439
MDL Number: MFCD00002345

Melting point: 128-130 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 285°C
Density: 1.1006 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.4922 (estimate)
Flash point: 172 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 77g/l
form: Crystalline Powder
pka: pK1:10.03;pK2:11.62 (25°C)
color: Grayish-white to light beige
Water Solubility: 77 g/L (25 ºC)
BRN: 2041489
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, strong bases.
InChIKey: CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 95-71-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 332W51E0OC
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-(95-71-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Toluhydroquinone (95-71-6)

Physicochemical Information of Toluhydroquinone:
Flash point: 172 °C
Ignition temperature: 468 °C
Melting Point: 128 - 130 °C
Solubility: 77 g/l

Specifications of Toluhydroquinone:
Assay (HPLC, area%): ≥ 97.0 % (a/a)
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 125 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 128 °C
Identity (IR): passes test
Purity: >98.0%(T)

Names of Toluhydroquinone:

Regulatory process names:
2-Toluhydroquinone
2-Toluhydroquinone

CAS names:
1,4-Benzenediol, 2-methyl-

IUPAC names:
2-METHYL HYDROQUINONE
2-Methyl-1,4-benzenediol
2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol
2-Toluhydroquinone
2-Toluhydroquinone
Toluhydroquinone
Toluhydroquinone

Other identifiers:
135648-79-2
140627-29-8
29763-99-3
65916-21-4
78446-96-5
95-71-6
96937-50-7

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is light yellow liquid, it can be used for antirust and corrosion inhibitor, anti-fading for metal product, antiseptic and anticoagulant agent, anti-fogging for photograph, ultraviolet absorbent, anti-freezing agent, cycling cooling water treatment.


CAS Number: 64665-57-2
EC Number: 265-004-9
MDL Number:MFCD01941195
Molecular Formula: C7H6N3Na



Tolyltriazole (TTA) synonyms 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole,1-methyl-, 1H-Benzotriazole,1-methyl, 1-Methyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 1-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 1-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole, 1-methylbenzotriazole, Tolutriazole, Stabinol MBTZ, cobratectt100, tolytriazole, 1H-Benzotriazole, 4(or 5)-methyl-, Tolyltriazole, Tolutriazole,TOLYLTRIAZOLES,Tolyltriazol,1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 7-methyl-,tdlyltriazole, MFCD00167158, Seetec T, EINECS 249-596-6, 4-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole, 1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 4-methyl-,Methyl-1H-Benzotriazole, Tolyltriazole(TTA) TTAS, TTA-S SODIUM TOLYLTRIAZOLE, Tolyltriazole,sodiumsalt, Tolytriazole Sodium Salt, Tolyltriazole sodium salt, Sodium Tolyltriazole(TTA-S), Sodium Tolyltriazole (TTAS), sodium 4-methylbenzotriazol-1-ide,
4(or5)-methyl-1h-benzotriazolsodiumsalt, sodium 4(or 5)-methyl-1h-benzotriazolide, 1H-Benzotriazole,4(or5)-methyl-,sodiumsalt, TTA50,SODIUM TOLYLTRIAZOLE, COBRATEC(R) TT-85, PMC Cobratec TT-85, COBRATEC(R) TT-50 S, Tolytriazole sodium, Tolyltriazole (sodium), Tolytriazole Sodium Sal, TOLYTRIAZOLE SODIUM SALT, Tolyltriazole,sodiumsalt, Sodium of 5-Methyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole, Sodium of Methybenzotriazole, Tolytriazole Sodium Salt, Sodium 4-tolyltriazole, 64665-57-2, 1-H-METHYLBENZOTRIAZOLE,SODIUMSALT, Tolytriazole sodiumsalt, sodium,4-methylbenzotriazol-1-ide, 63394-06-9, 1H-Benzotriazole, 4-methyl-, sodium salt,
4-Methyl-1-sodio-1h-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 1H-Benzotriazole, 7-methyl-, sodium salt (1:1), 27034S05ER, sodium 4-methylbenzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-ide,
1H-Benzotriazole, 4(or 5)-methyl-, sodium salt, UNII-27034S05ER, AKOS006279362, F20812, SODIUM 4-(P-TOLYL)-1,2,3-TRIAZOL-1-IDE, Q27254142, Sodium 4-methylbenzotriazol-1-ide [ACD/IUPAC Name], 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 4-methyl-, sodium salt 1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 4-methyl-, sodium salt (1:1), [ACD/Index Name] 1H-Benzotriazole, 4(or 5)-methyl-, sodium salt 265-004-9 [EINECS], Tolytriazole Sodium Salt 63394-06-9, SODIUM 4-METHYL-2H-1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOL-2-IDE SODIUM 4-TOLYLTRIAZOLE, Sodium Tolyltriazole 50% UNII :27034S05ER,



Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is an organic compound used as a corrosion inhibitor and water treatment agent.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is absorbed on the metal surface to form a thin membrane.
This membrane can protect copper and other metals from corrosion of air and other harmful subjects.


The membrane is more uniform.
The effect is better when used together with MBT.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is one of the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloy used in various industries.


First, Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is dissolved with alcohol or alkali.
Then Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is added into the circulating water system; 2~10mg/L is preferred.
If the metal is badly rusted, 5-10 times of normal dosage should be expected.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) should be stored in a cool, dry place and away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) should be sealed tightly when not in use and handled with proper care by safety standards.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is the sodium salt of Tolyltriazole (TTA).


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a white, crystalline solid that is insoluble in water.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) and its related Na salts do belong to the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloys.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) does further show positive effects in protection of steel, gray iron, cadmium and nickel.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is light yellow liquid, it can be used for antirust and corrosion inhibitor, anti-fading for metal product, antiseptic and anticoagulant agent, anti-fogging for photograph, ultraviolet absorbent, anti-freezing agent, cycling cooling water treatment.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a colorless crystalline powder with little toxicity.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) appears as colorless crystals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is white granule or powder, TTA is a mixture of 4-methyl-benzotriazole and 5-methyl-benzotriazole, the melting point is from 80℃ to 86℃, soluble in alcohol, benzene、toluene、chloroform and watery lye, and hardly soluble in water.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a colourless solid and a non-volatile, versatile and powerful reagent for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a member of the class of ureas that is urea substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 3.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as antirust and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, etc), for antirust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and aldary, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compound and auto antifreeze.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as a corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is absorbed on the metal surface to form a thin membrane.


This membrane can protect copper and other metals from air corrosion and other harmful subjects.
In addition, the membrane is more uniform.
Therefore, the effect is better when used together with MBT.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used as a corrosion inhibitor in various industries, including the oil and gas industry.
Corrosion inhibitor of copper Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be absorbed on the surface of metal , to form a thin membrane to protect copper and other metals from corrosion of air and other harmful subjects.


The dosage of Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is 2-4mg/L in recirculated water.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be used as anti-blushing agent of copper and silver , protection of stainless steel ,cadmium and nickel alloy, cooling liquid of cars , additive of lubricating oil.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) applied in copper and copper alloy antirust corrosion inhibitor, can be used for stainless steel, cast iron, cadmium and nickel alloy's protection.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as the antirusting agent and corrosion inhibitor of metal (silver, copper, lead, nickel and zinc etc.),


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is widely used in antirust oil (grease) products, as air phase corrosion inhibitor in copper and copper alloy, lubricating oil additives, circulating water finishing agent, motor vehicle antifreeze fluid, it can be also used with various antisludging agent and germicidal agent.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used with many kinds of scale inhibitor, bactericide and algicide in recirculated cooling water system and the effect is better .


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is light yellow liquid, it can be used for antirust and corrosion inhibitor, anti-fading for metal product, antiseptic and anticoagulant agent, anti-fogging for photograph, ultraviolet absorbent, anti-freezing agent, cycling cooling water treatment.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, it also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as antirust and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper,zinc, lead, nickel, etc..), and for antirust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compound and auto antifreeze.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, TTA•Na also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is absorbed on metal surface to form a thin membrane to protect copper and other metals from corrosion of air and other harmful subjects.
The membrane is more uniform.


When Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) used together with MBT, the effect is better.
Corrosion inhibitor of copper Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be absorbed on the surface of metal , to form a thin membrane to protect copper and other metals from corrosion of air and other harmful subjects.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used with many kinds of scale inhibitor ,bactericide and algicide in recirculated cooling water system and the effect is better .
The dosage is 2-4mg/L in recirculated water.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as antirust and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, etc..), and for antirust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compound and auto antifreeze.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used in method for preparing Me benzotriazole chloride.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be used as anti-blushing agent of copper and silver , protection of stainless steel ,cadmium and nickel alloy, cooling liquid of cars , additive of lubricating oil.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is absorbed on metal surface to form a thin membrane to protect copper and other metals from corrosion of air and other harmful subjects.


The membrane is more uniform.
When Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used together with MBT•Na, the effect is better.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is an organic compound used as a corrosion inhibitor and water treatment agent.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used in various industrial applications, including metalworking, textile processing, and papermaking.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is also effective at preventing the growth of algae and bacteria in water systems.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be dissolved in either alcohol or alkaline solutions for use in circulating water systems.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is recommended to use a dosage of 2-10mg/L; however, if the metal has severe corrosion damage, 5-10 times this amount may be necessary.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as antirust agent and corrosion inhibitor for metals.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is widely used in the antirust oil products such as gas phase corrosion inhibitor, in treating agent for recycling water, in antifreeze for cars antifogging for photograph, also used as stabilizer for macromolecular compound growth regulator for plant, lubricant additive, ultraviolet absorbent etc.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used together with many kind of scale inhibitors and bactericide and algaecide, show excellent anticorrosion effect in close recycling cooling water system.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used in different applications in major industries.


For example, Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used in cooling water or boiler systems by the industrial water treatment industry.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be also used in coolants or antifreeze products.
Another application of Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is the use as an additive in industrial lubricants, like e.g. drilling and cutting fluids.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) does also work to protect silver ware in dishwashing tablets and can be further used in metal detergents.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as copper and copper alloy rust inhibitor, can also be used in stainless steel, cast iron, cadmium and nickel alloy protection.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is widely used in anti-rust oil (grease) products, and more used as copper and copper alloy vapor corrosion inhibitor, recycled water treatment agent, car antifreeze, UV absorbers.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can also be used with a variety of scale inhibitors, disinfection and algaecides used in conjunction, especially closed loop cooling water system corrosion inhibitor effect is very good.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used in the chemical industry to protect copper from being contaminated in order to save the purity.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na)also can be concernedly used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be concernedly used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys, and is commonly used in water cooling systems.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a urea derivative and used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used for synthesis of caffeine, theophylline, pharmachemicals, textile aids, herbicides and others.
In the textile processing industry Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used as intermediate for the production of formaldehyde-free easy-care finishing agents for textiles.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used agriculture Intermediates, Organic Intermediates, Pharmaceutical & Fine Chemicals, Pharmaceutical Intermediates, Textile Auxiliaries.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used for the synthesis of caffeine, theophylline, pharmaceuticals, textile aids, herbicides, etc.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also finds application in metal-ion complexation, material science, etc.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used Antifreeze & Coolant, Corrosion Inhibitors, Swimming Pool Chemicals, Water Treatment & Pool Chemicals
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) has been identified as an effective copper corrosion inhibitor in cooling systems using treated municipal effluent as makeup water.


Chemical structure of the coordination polymer from benzotriazolate and copper(I), the active ingredient in the BT-derived corrosion inhibition.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used as a corrosion inhibitor for metals such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, and nickel.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is also used in anti-rust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, a lubricant additive, cooling tower systems, and auto antifreeze.


One reason for the use of TT-50 over pure TTA is the solubility of TT-50 is greater and therefore easier to formulate.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is an efficient, reliable, and high-performance solution designed to cater to a wide range of sectors spanning from material sciences to pharmaceuticals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is appreciated for its excellent quality and versatile applications, including c-h activation.


Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a urea derivative and used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a colorless crystalline powder with little toxicity.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used for synthesis of caffeine, theophylline, pharmachemicals, textile aids, herbicides and others.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used in the textile processing industry.


-Antirust and corrosion inhibator for metals uses of Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na):
This invention relates to an improved process for the production of tolyltriazole in which the tolyltriazole is a lighter colored product.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy; it also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, it also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as antirust and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, etc..), and for antirust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and aldary, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compound and auto antifreeze.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as antirust and corrosion inhibitor for metals and for antirust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and alloy, lubricant additive, water circulation treatment, grease’s adding and auto antifreeze.


-Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is used for protection:
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) acts as a corrosive inhibitor and is used as corrosion protection on top of metals such as copper.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) has been widely used as a corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloy heat exchanger components in power plant cooling water systems.

When Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is the free tolyltriazole, rather than the water soluble salt, the free triazole can be readily generated by the addition of a sufficient amount of acid to neutralize the basic salt.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also can be concernedly used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, it also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.
This invention relates to an improved process for the production of Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) in which the tolyltriazole produced is a lighter color than tolyltriazole produced by conventional processes.



USAGE OF TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
First, dissolve with alcohol or alkali.
Then added into a circulating water system.
A dosage of 2~10 mg/L is preferred.
If the metal is badly corroded, 5~10 times of normal dosage should be expected.



PROPERTIES OF TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys, providing anti-corrosive protection against air and other harmful agents.
In addition, when used in combination with MBT, the efficacy of the membrane formed on the metal surface is more consistent and reliable.
This membrane serves to protect copper and other metals from corrosion and offers superior protection compared to alternative solutions.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is a clear yellow liquid that is miscible with water in any proportion.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is soluble in methanol, benzene, toluene and other organic solvents.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is mainly used as metal (such as silver, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, etc.) rust inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor, widely used in anti-rust oil (Grease) products, mostly used for copper and copper alloy gas phase corrosion inhibitor, lubricating Oil additives, circulating water treatment agent, automotive antifreeze.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na)can also be used in combination with a variety of scale inhibitors and biocide, especially for closed circulating cooling water system.



HOW DOES TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na) WORK?
As a corrosion inhibitor, Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) decreases the corrosion rate of metals and alloys.
This works by forming a coating, a passivation layer, which prevents access of the corrosive substance to the metal or alloy underneath.

This is of particular importance in industries where fluids routinely need to be in continuous contact with metals that require protection.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) does show outstanding thermic and oxidative stability and is also resistant to UV light.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) does not negatively affect the appearance of the metal it's applied to.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is very bright in color so that solutions – either aqueous or in different solvents – are clear and almost colorless.
A table of solubility properties and max concentrations is available on request.



PROPERTIES OF TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as corrosion inhibitor of copper and copper alloy, it also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is absorbed on metal surface to form a thin membrane to protect copper and other metals from corrosion of air and other harmful subjects.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used with a variety of scale inhibitors, sterilization algae in the circulating cooling water system. The membrane is more uniform.
The effect is better when used together with MBT.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be used as a copper and copper alloy corrosion inhibitor.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) also has corrosion inhibition for black metals.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is absorbed on the metal surface to form a thin membrane.

Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can prevent copper and other metals from air corrosion and other harmful subjects.
In addition, the membrane is more uniform.
When used together with 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, the effect is better.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF USING TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na)?
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) provides excellent metal corrosion protection, particularly in high-temperature and high-pressure environments.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) is also effective at preventing the formation of scale on metal surfaces.



HOW DO I USE TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na)?
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can be added to water or other liquids at a concentration of 0.1-0.5%.
Tolyltriazole sodium (TTA-Na) can also be used as a coating for metal surfaces.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
Appearance: Amber transparent liquid
Active content (wt), %: 50.0 Min.
Density (20°C), g/cm3: 1.2 Min.
Melting Point: 76-87°C
Boiling Point: 360.6±11.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 181.5±12.2 °C
Molecular Formula: C14H14N6
Molecular Weight: 133.151
Density: 1.3±0.1 g/cm3
Appearance: Amber transparent liquid
Solid content % 50.0 min
Density (20℃) g/cm3: 1.18 min
PH(1% water solution): 11.0-12.0
CAS: 64665-57-2
EINECS: 265-004-9
InChI: InChI=1/C7H6N3.Na/c1-5-3-2-4-6-7(5)9-10-8-6;/h2-4H,1H3;/q-1;+1

Molecular Formula: C7H6N3Na
Molar Mass: 155.13
Density: 1.323[at 20℃]
Water Solubility: 664g/L at 20℃
Vapor Presure: 0.001Pa at 25℃
pKa: 8.85[at 20 ℃]
CBNumber:CB6680196
Molecular Formula:C7H6N3Na
Molecular Weight:155.13
MDL Number:MFCD01941195
MOL File:64665-57-2.mol

Density: 1.323[at 20℃]
vapor pressure: 0.001Pa at 25℃
pka: 8.85[at 20 ℃]
Water Solubility: 664g/L at 20℃
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H6N3.Na/c1-5-3-2-4-6-7(5)9-10-8-6;/h2-4H,1H3;/q-1;+1
InChIKey: REERYFLJRPUSHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C12N=NN([Na])C=1C=CC=C2C
LogP: 1.087 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 64665-57-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: YY3120P3TN
EPA Substance Registry System: Tolyl triazole sodium salt (64665-57-2)

Molecular Weight: 155.13 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 155.04594149 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 155.04594149 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 131
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Formula:C7N3H6Na
Appearance:Yellow and red brown clear liquid
Appearance: Transparent Liquid
Odor: Characteristic
Odor threshold: Not available
Color: Pale Yellow to Amber Liquid
pH (10% Soln.): 10.5 - 12.0
Melting Point: Not available
Freezing Point: < -5 to - 10ᵒC
Boiling Point: ~106 ᵒC @ 1013 hPa
Flash Point: 170◦C (closed up)

Viscosity (cPs) @ 25 ᵒC : Not available
Decomposition Temp. : Not available
Evaporation Rate : Not available
Lower Explosive Limit : Not available
Upper Explosive Limit: Not available
Vapor Pressure: 0.00533 kPa @ 20 ᵒC (Water)
Vapor Density: Not available
Specific Gravity: 1.180 - 1.250
Solubility : 55 Vol % @ 20°C
Partition Coefficient : Not available
Auto Ignition Temp. : 500°C
VOC Content : 50% Calculated value



FIRST AID MEASURES of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Face shield and safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Sensitive to carbon dioxide Handle and store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TOLYLTRIAZOLE SODIUM (TTA-Na):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Tolutriazole; Methyl-1H-benzotriazole; Metil-1H-benzotriazol; 5-Methylbenzotriazole; 5-Methyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole; Méthyl-1H-benzotriazole; Tolyltriazole; Methylbenzotriazole; 4(or 5)-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole; Stabinol MBTZ; CAS NO:29385-43-1

Tolytriazole is a specific corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys.
Tolytriazole can be compounded with other organic corrosion inhibitors or added separately.
Tolytriazole is a white to off-white granules or powder, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and other organic solvents, soluble in dilute lye.


CAS Number: 136-85-6 / 29385-43-1
EC Number: 205-265-8
MDL number: MFCD00005702
Name: 5-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
Molecular Formula: C7H7N3


Tolytriazole has a corrosion inhibition effect on copper and copper alloy.
Tolytriazole can be compounded with other organic corrosion inhibitors or added separately.
Tolytriazole is used at a concentration of 2 to 10 mg/L.



Tolytriazole is used as a corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloy, similar to benzotriazole (BTA), and the actual commodity also includes 4-methylbenzotriazole ([29878-31-7]) or a mixture of the two, referred to as TTA.
Benzotriazole corrosion inhibitors can form insoluble stable complexes with cuprous ions, adsorbed on the metal surface, forming a stable and inert protective film with a thickness of only 5 × 10-7cm, but It is very stable in various media, so that the copper alloy is protected.


The corrosion inhibition effect of BTA in the pH range of 5.5-10 is limited, but the corrosion inhibition effect of Tolytriazole is stronger than that of BTA in low pH medium.
Other triazole compounds, such as triazole and naphthalene triazole, also have corrosion inhibition effects on copper and copper alloys, but they are not as good as BTA and Tolytriazole.


Tolytriazole is a white to off-white granules or powder, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and other organic solvents, soluble in dilute lye.
Tolytriazole is cream to beige crystalline powder.


Tolytriazole is a member of the class of benzotriazoles that is 1H-benzotriazole substituted by a methyl group at position 5.
Tolytriazole is an active component of aircraft deicing and anti-icing fluid.
Tolytriazole prevents the corrosion of copper and brass in a variety of corrosive environments.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
Tolytriazole is mainly used as an antirust and corrosion inhibitor for metals.
Such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, etc.
Tolytriazole is also for antirust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and aldary, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compounds, and auto antifreeze.


Tolytriazole also can be concernedly used with manifold sterilization algaecide.
Tolytriazole has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close-cycle cooling water systems.
Compared with benzotriazole, Tolytriazole has better corrosion inhibition, thermal stability, and chlorine resistance.


Tolytriazole can replace benzotriazole in the automotive industry and water treatment industries.
Tolytriazole is a very effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and its alloys.
Tolyltriazole is especially useful in systems where fluids are in continuous contact with metals that require protection.


In addition to copper, and Tolytriazole's alloys, other metals that can be protected include zinc, cobalt and silver.
Tolyltriazole has one more methyl group than benzotriazole in the molecular structure, which improves the complex film’s hydrophobicity.
And the presence of methyl group does not interfere with the binding between molecule and copper.


Tolytriazole is mainly used as metal (silver, lead, nickel, zinc, copper and copper metal) rust inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor
Tolytriazole is also used in organic synthesis.
Tolytriazole is used as a rust inhibitor for copper


Tolytriazole is mainly used as a rust inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor for metals (silver, lead, nickel, zinc, copper and copper metals)
Tolytriazole is mainly used for metal (such as silver, copper, lead, nickel and zinc) rust inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor.
Tolytriazole is widely used in anti rust oil (grease) products, used for copper and copper alloy gas phase corrosion inhibitor in circulating water treatment agent, antifreeze, polymer stabilizers, plant growth regulator.


Tolytriazole is used as lubricating oil additives, UV absorbent.
Tolytriazole can also be used in conjunction with a variety of scale inhibitor, biocide.
Tolytriazole acts as a pre-vulcanization retarder.


These white to off-white granules are used for chlorinated rubber and halobutyl rubbers.
Tolytriazole is used a potential nitrification inhibitor of urea fertilizer in agricultural soils.
Tolytriazole was used in determination of benzothiazoles and benzotriazoles in waste water samples by GC-MS.


Tolytriazole is also used as a potential nitrification inhibitor of urea fertilizer in agricultural soils.
Tolytriazole is a low potency inhibitor of glycol ethers.
Tolytriazole has been shown to be effective in wastewater treatment and can be used as an additive to inhibit the corrosion of zirconium oxide.


Tolytriazole has been shown to significantly reduce the amount of air entrained in water droplets and the corrosion of copper pipes in laboratory studies.
Tolyltriazole is a versatile intermediates involved in the production of: Corrosion Inhibitors, Anti-fading agent for metals, Antiseptic and Anticoagulant agent, Anti-fog for photograph, UV-absorbers, Anti-freeze Agent, Photoconductor, Copying systems, , pesticide products and other specialty chemicals.


Tolytriazole is mainly used as antitrust and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, etc..), and for antitrust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and aldary, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compound and auto antifreeze.
Tolytriazole also can be concernedly used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system.


Tolytriazole is mainly used as rust inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, etc.)
Tolyltriazole is a very effective corrosion inhibitor for copper and its alloys.
Tolytriazole is especially useful in systems where fluids are in continuous contact with metals that require protection.


In addition to copper, and its alloys, other metals that can be protected include zinc, cobalt and silver.
When Tolytriazole is used in multi-metal systems with other corrosion inhibitors, it will also protect aluminum and steel.
Tolyltriazole is used circulating water treatment agent, automobile antifreeze, polymer stabilizer, plant growth regulator, lubricating oil additive, ultraviolet absorber, etc.


Tolytriazole can also be used in conjunction with a variety of scale inhibitors, bactericidal and algicides.
Tolytriazole can also be used in conjunction with a variety of scale inhibitors, bactericidal and algicides, especially for the corrosion inhibition effect of circulating cooling water systems.


Tolytriazole is used Lubricating oil additive; metal deactivator; extreme pressure agent, bacterial and oxidation inhibitor, Tolytriazole is used as an antioxidant in internal combustion engine oils.


-Uses of Tolytriazole:
*Fertilizer
*Anticorrosive Agent
*Automotive Coolants
*Brake Fluids
*Circulating Water Cooling Systems
*Water Treatment Industry
*Dishwashing Detergents
*Antimicrobial Agent



PRODUCTION METHOD OF TOLYTRIAZOLE:
Similar to the preparation method of benzotriazole, Tolytriazolecan be obtained by diazotization and cyclization of toluenediamine.
An older method is obtained by the reaction of m-toluidine diazonium salt and p-toluenesulfonamide.



NATURE OF TOLYTRIAZOLE:
Tolytriazole is a light brown powder, easily soluble in methanol, acetone, cyclohexane, ether, etc., difficult to dissolve in water and petroleum solvents.
The aqueous solution of Tolytriazole is weakly acidic, and the pH value is 5.5~6.5.
Tolytriazole is stable to acid and alkali, and can form stable metal salts with alkali metal ions.



PREPARATION METHOD OF TOLYTRIAZOLE:
The crude methyl benzotriazole was obtained by diazotization of Toluene diamine, cyclization in acetic acid, and then distillation under reduced pressure.
After recrystallization, purification and drying, a relatively pure methyl benzotriazole was obtained.
There is also a method for obtaining a relatively pure methyl benzotriazole by using methyl O-Phenylenediamine and ethylhexyl nitrite as raw materials and ethylhexanol as a solvent without rectification.



PRODUCTION OF TOLYTRIAZOLE:
1. Feeding: Put o-phenylenediamine, sodium nitrite, and water into the stainless steel reaction kettle in the ratio of 1:1.1~1.2:10~15.
2. Raise temperature and pressure: turn on the stirring, raise the temperature to 240~260℃, control the pressure between 3.0~4.0MPa, and keep the reaction warm for 3~3.5 hours.
3. Transfer to acidification kettle: lower the temperature to 120~130℃, and transfer the reaction product to the kettle.
4. Adjust pH and stratification: Adjust pH from 11.7 to 5.0 with concentrated sulfuric acid and stratify.
5. Purification and collection: The stratified oil layer goes into the distillation kettle for purification under reduced pressure, and the 202~204℃/15mmHg fraction products are collected.



SYNTHESIS OF TOLYTRIAZOLE:
1. An older method is obtained by reacting m-toluidine diazonium salt with p-toluene sulfonamide.
2. Toluidine is diazotized, cyclized in acetic acid, and then distilled under reduced pressure to obtain crude tolytriazole.
After recrystallization, refinement, and drying, a purer Tolytriazole can be produced.
3. There is another method to produce purer Tolytriazole without distillation: methyl o-phenylenediamine and Ethylhexyl nitrite as raw materials and ethyl hexanol as solvent.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
Appearance: White granular
Purity, %: 99.0 Min.
Moisture, %: 0.2 Max.
Melting point, ℃: 80~86
Ash content, %: 0.05 Max.
pH value: 5.5~6.5
Molecular Formula: C7H7N3
Molar Mass: 133.15
Density: 1.1873 (rough estimate)
Melting Point: 80-82°C(lit.)
Boling Point: 210-212°C12mm Hg(lit.)
Flash Point: 210-212°C/12mm
Water Solubility: 6.0 g/L (25 ºC)
Vapor Presure: 0.001Pa at 25℃
Appearance: White solid
Color: Cream to beige
Maximum wavelength(λmax): ['276nm(H2O)(lit.)']
BRN: 116658
pKa: 8.74±0.40(Predicted)

Storage Condition: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Refractive Index: 1.5341 (estimate)
MDL: MFCD00167158
Melting Point: 80-84°C
Boiling Point: 210-212°C
Melting point: 80-82 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 210-212 °C12 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.1873 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0.001Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5341 (estimate)
Flash point: 210-212°C/12mm
storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
pka: 8.74±0.40(Predicted)
form: Crystalline Powder
color: Cream to beige
Water Solubility: 6.0 g/L (25 ºC)
λmax: 276nm(H2O)(lit.)
BRN: 116658

InChIKey: LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C7H7N3
Molecular Weight: 133.15
Exact Mass: 266.12800
Boiling Point: 289.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 76-87ºC
Flash Point: 137.4ºC
Density: 1.273 g/cm³
Appearance: White to off-white granules or powder
Physical state: powder
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 80 - 82 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 210 - 212 °C at 16 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Weight: 133.15 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 1.4

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 133.063997236 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 133.063997236 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 41.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 126
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TOLYTRIAZOLE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
TTA
5M-BTA
Retrocure G
TOLYTRIAZOLE
Vulkalent TM
Tolyltriazole
m-Tolylazoimide
m-Aziminotoluene
COBRATEC(R) TT 100
Methybenzotriazole
Tolyltriazole (TTA)
Methyl Benzotriazole
5-Methylbenzotriazole
1-H-Methylbenzotriazole
Methyl-1H-Benzotriazole
5-methyl-1h-benzotriazol
5-Methyl-3H-benzotriazole
5-Methyl-2H-benzotriazole
5-methyl-2H-benzotriazole
6-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
5-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
1H-Benzotriazole,5-methyl-
1H-Benzotriazole,4(5)-methyl-
5-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole
1H-Benzotriazole,4(or5)-methyl-
4,5,6,7-TetrahydroTolyltriazole
5-Methyl-1H-benzo-1,2,3-triazole
Stabinol MBTZ
cobratectt100
tolytriazole
1H-Benzotriazole, 4(or 5)-methyl-
Tolyltriazole
Tolutriazole
TOLYLTRIAZOLES
Tolyltriazol
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 7-methyl-
tdlyltriazole
MFCD00167158
Seetec T
EINECS 249-596-6
4-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 4-methyl-
Methyl-1H-Benzotriazole
Tolyltriazole(TTA)
1H-Benzotriazole,4(or5)-methyl-,sodiumsalt
4(or5)-methyl-1h-benzotriazolsodiumsalt
Tolyltriazole,sodiumsalt
Tolytriazole50%SodiumSalt
1-H-METHYLBENZOTRIAZOLE
Tolytriazole 50% SodiuM Salt(TTAS)
SODIUM TOLYLTRIAZOLE
sodium 4(or 5)-methyl-1h-benzotriazolide
29878-31-7
4-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
4-methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole
4-Methyl-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
4-Tolyltriazole
4-METHYLBENZOTRIAZOLE
Tolytriazole
4-methyl-2H-benzotriazole
1H-Benzotriazole, 4-methyl-
7-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
Methylbenzotriazole
1H-Benzotriazole,7-methyl-
4-methyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole
7-methyl-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
QKK8999IZA
DTXSID50274037
DSSTox_CID_6171
DSSTox_RID_78044
DSSTox_GSID_26171
1H-Benzotriazole, 4(or 5)-methyl-
CAS-29385-43-1
4-METHYL-1H-BENZO(D)(1,2,3)TRIAZOLE
UNII-QKK8999IZA
Teltolytriazole
Tolyl triazole
EINECS 249-921-1
4MeBT
4-methyl-benzotriazole
4-MeBT
4Me-BT
Tolyltriazole (Granular)
4-Me-BTR
4-Me-BT
Tolyltriazole 99.0% min
SCHEMBL107037
SCHEMBL446696
CHEMBL3184205
BENZOTRIAZOLE, 4-METHYL-
ALBB-005409
Tox21_201321
Tox21_303186
1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE, 7-METHYL-
MFCD00035800
STK503394
AKOS023092909
AKOS037652935
7-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole #
FS-5046
NCGC00249024-01
NCGC00249024-02
NCGC00256993-01
NCGC00258873-01
BB 0254273
FT-0638850
FT-0671521
1H-1,2,3-Benzotriazole, 4-(methyl-d3)-
4-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole, analytical standard
C80091
AB01319782-02
EN300-6996464
A876362
Q27287307
Z1198147968
1H-Benzotriazole,4(or5)-methyl-,sodiumsalt
4(or5)-methyl-1h-benzotriazolsodiumsalt
Tolyltriazole,sodiumsalt
Tolytriazole50%SodiumSalt
SODIUM TOLYLTRIAZOLE
sodium 4(or 5)-methyl-1h-benzotriazolide
TOLYTRIAZOLE SODIUM SALT
COBRATEC(R) TT-50 S
TOLYTRIAZOLE
5-Methyl-2H-benzotriazole
5-Methyl-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole
5MBT
5-methyl-1h-benzotriazol
6-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
Retrocure G
Vulkalent TM
Azimidotoluene
m-Tolylazoimide
5-Methylbenzotriazole
TOLYTRIAZOLE
1H-Benzotriazole,5-methyl-
5-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole
5-Methyl-1H-benzo-1,2,3-triazole
5-methyl-1h-benzotriazol
m-Tolylazoimide
Retrocure G
Vulkalent TM
COBRATEC(R) TT 100
Methyl-1H-Benzotriazole
Methyl Benzotriazole
1-H-Methylbenzotriazole
Tolyltriazole
1H-Benzotriazole,4(5)-methyl-
1H-Benzotriazole,4(or5)-methyl-
Methybenzotriazole
5-methyl-2H-benzotriazole
TTA
4,5,6,7-TetrahydroTolyltriazole
5M-BTA
Tolyltriazole (TTA)

Tolytriazole Chemical Properties of Tolytriazole light brown powder or granules Uses of Tolytriazole A potential labelled nitrification inhibitor of urea fertilizer in agricultural soils. General Description of Tolytriazole Tan to light brown granules or beige pellets with a characteristic odor. Air & Water Reactions of Tolytriazole Insoluble in water. Reactivity Profile of Tolytriazole Tolytriazole is incompatible with oxidizing agents . Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Fire Hazard of Tolytriazole Tolytriazole is combustible. Corrosion inhibition of tolytriazole for galvanized steel was studied in 5 mM NaCl by using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET). The results of EIS and polarization tests indicate that tolytriazole is effective in corrosion inhibition of galvanized steel. As the concentration of tolytriazole is increased to 0.01 M, the inhibiting efficiency reaches above 98%. The low values of anodic and cathodic current density in SVET maps suggest that the complex of tolytriazole with galvanized steel inhibits the anodic and cathodic reactions of corrosion of zinc. The adsorption behaviour of tolytriazole is found to conform to Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which is typical chemical adsorption. USES of Tolytriazole The use of Tolytriazole as a corrosion inhibitor for copper Tolytriazole is a specific corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys. It is now widely used in industry to reduce the corrosion of these alloys under both atmospheric and immersed conditions. Corrosion of copper may produce a surface stain or tarnish, pitting of surfaces of pipes or promote pitting of other metals, such as aluminium, which are in contact with dissolved copper in the water. Tolytriazole is used to reduce these forms of attack and the methods by which it is applied are discussed in this paper. Use: Tolytriazole is an anticorrosive agent well known for its use in aircraft deicing and antifreeze fluids Use of Tolytriazole as antimicrobial agents Tolyltriazole is commonly used as a corrosion-inhibitor for: Automotive coolants. Brake fluids. Circulating water cooling systems. Use of Tolytriazole (TTA) as a ligand of choice Tolytriazole is inexpensive and stable. It behaves as an acid (pKa 8.2) and is highly soluble in basic solutions. It is soluble in ethanol, benzene, toluene, chloroform, and DMF. As one of the most useful synthetic auxiliary, it displays the following characteristics: •It can be easily introduced into molecules and activates then toward various transformations. •It is stable during various operations, •It is easy to remove and can be recovered and used again. Tolytriazole can be used in different applications in major industries. For example, it is used in cooling water or boiler systems by the industrial water treatment industry. Tolyltriazole can be also used in coolants or antifreeze products. Another application is the use as an additive in industrial lubricants, like e.g. drilling and cutting fluids. It does also work to protect silver ware in dishwashing tablets and can be further used in metal detergents. How does Tolytriazole work? As a corrosion inhibitor, Tolyltriazole decreases the corrosion rate of metals and alloys. This works by forming a coating, a passivation layer, which prevents access of the corrosive substance to the metal or alloy underneath. This is of particular importance in industries where fluids routinely need to be in continuous contact with metals that require protection. The product does show outstanding thermic and oxidative stability and is also resistant to UV light. It does not negatively affect the appearance of the metal it's applied to. Tolytriazole is very bright in color so that solutions – either aqueous or in different solvents – are clear and almost colorless. A table of solubility properties and max concentrations is available on request. Grades available: Granular Fine granular Powder Production and use Tolytriazole is used as a component of aircraft de-icing fluid, pickling inhibitor in boiler scale removal, restrainer, developer and antifogging agent in photographic emulsions, corrosion inhibitor for copper, chemical intermediate for dyes, in pharmaceuticals, and as fungicide. (HSDB 1998). Tolyltriazole is used as inhibitor of corrosion of copper and copper alloys, in antioxidants, and photographic developers (NTP 1991b). In Denmark, Tolytriazole and benzotriazole are reported to be used in small amounts (0.1-0.2 %) in de-icing fluids, e.g. propylene glycol (MST 1999). They are also used as a corrosion inhibitor in antifreeze chemicals containing glycol (MST 2000). USAGE areas of Tolytriazole - Corrosion inhibitor - Stabilizing Bronze Objects - Antimicrobial agents - ligand of choice - anticorrosive agent - Circulating water cooling systems - corrosion-inhibitor for Automotive coolants - additive in industrial lubricants - cooling water or boiler systems - water treatment industry - coolants or antifreeze products - protect silver ware in dishwashing tablets - metal detergents Although zinc has protective effect on steel, it is also needed to apply other measures to improve the corrosion resistance of galvanized steel since zinc layer is normally thin. Recently, researchers have attempted to use corrosion inhibitors to protect galvanized steel, which restrains zinc from the formation of white corrosion products in the corrosive media Tolytriazole. Literature has reported that some organic molecules with hetero-atoms (such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and so on) can serve as corrosion inhibiting agents, which may be adsorbed on the surface of metals or react with metals to generate undissolved and stable metal complexes [12]. Tolytriazole-type organic compounds, especially benzotriazole, including nitrogen are particularly used as corrosion inhibitors for copper, cast iron, zinc and so on. Benzotriazole, which has low toxicity and is economical, finds use as a good corrosion inhibitor. Benzotriazole has been studied as a corrosion inhibitor for galvanized steel in aerated corrosive solutions [23, 24, 25]. Tolytriazole (TTA) [26], a mixture of 4- and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, as a derivative of benzotriazole, is similar in chemical structure (Fig. 1). However, the effect and mechanism of Tolytriazole on corrosion inhibition of galvanized steel is still not fully understood. The aim of the present work is to study the inhibition effect of Tolytriazole on corrosion of galvanized steel in neutral NaCl solution. Additionally, the inhibition efficiency of Tolytriazole on galvanized steel was investigated by using Langmuir adsorption isotherm model to obtain better understanding regarding the role of Tolytriazole on galvanized steel. Description of Tolytriazole: Sodium Tolytriazole 50% Solution is a yellowish to amber liquid with a characteristic odor. Applications of Tolytriazole: Sodium Tolytriazole 50% Solution is a copper corrosion inhibitor designed for use in open cooling towers and closed recirculating systems to inhibit corrosion on copper, copper alloys and other metals. Packaging Options of Tolytriazole: Sodium Tolytriazole 50% Solution is available in bulk and 44 lb pails. Galvanized steel used in the present work is a commercial one. Figure 2a, b show the SEM images of surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the galvanized steel. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) of the cross section of the sample indicates the top layer is 100% Zn, and the bottom layer is 100% Fe. The thickness of the Zn layer is approximately from 6 to 12 μm. The dimension of the samples for the experiments is 10 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm. Methyl-1H-benzotriazole (Tolytriazole) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company, China. It was used as corrosion inhibitor for the galvanized steel, which was added into the aqueous solution of 5 mM NaCl. The appropriate amount of Tolytriazole was weighed and mixed with 5 mM NaCl to prepare different concentrations of Tolytriazole of in 5 mM NaCl. Full Immersion Tests Samples of the galvanized steel with dimension of 10 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm were used. Before immersion tests, the back side and four cut edges of the samples were sealed by epoxy resin mixed with polyamide hardener (100:32 by weight). After rinsing with distilled water and degreasing with ethanol, the samples were immersed in aerated 5 mM NaCl without Tolytriazole or 5 mM NaCl with 0.01 Mol/L Tolytriazole for different times (1, 4 and 24 h) at room temperature. After 1, 4 and 24 h, the samples were removed out and taken photos. Before and after the immersion tests, the samples were observed by XL30-type environment scanning electronic microscope (SEM) integrated with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used for investigation of sample surface after 24 h of immersion in 5 mM NaCl with 0.01 Mol/L Tolytriazole. A Spectrum 400 (Perkin Elmer Co., USA) measurement system, fitted with a Universal ATR sampling accessory, was used for infrared spectroscopy. Tolytriazole structure Chemical Name:Tolytriazole CBNumber of Tolytriazole:CB2492203 Molecular Formula of Tolytriazole:C9H9N3 Formula Weight of Tolytriazole:159.19 Tan to light brown granules or beige pellets with a characteristic odor. Other Known Names: tolytriazole, tolutriazole Molecular Formula of Tolytriazole: C9H9N3 Applications of Tolytriazole: fertilizer Applications of Tolytriazole: Sodium Tolytriazole 50% Solution is a copper corrosion inhibitor designed for use in open cooling towers and closed recirculating systems to inhibit corrosion on copper. Property Name of Tolytriazole Property Value Reference Molecular Weight of Tolytriazole 266.3 g/mol Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Tolytriazole 2 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Tolytriazole 4 Rotatable Bond Count of Tolytriazole 0 Exact Mass of Tolytriazole 266.127994 g/mol Monoisotopic Mass of Tolytriazole 266.127994 g/mol Topological Polar Surface Area of Tolytriazole 83.1 Ų Heavy Atom Count of Tolytriazole 20 Formal Charge of Tolytriazole 0 Complexity of Tolytriazole 252 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 Isotope Atom Count of Tolytriazole 0 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Tolytriazole 0 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Tolytriazole 0 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Tolytriazole 0 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Tolytriazole 0 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Tolytriazole 2 Compound Is Canonicalized of Tolytriazole Yes Corrosion inhibition of copper by tolytriazole (TTAH) in comparison with benzotriazole (BTAH) was investigated in unpolluted and sulfide polluted 3.5 % NaCl. Both Tolytriazole and BTAH give approximately similar results in unpolluted salt water. Electrochemical techniques illustrate that Tolytriazole gives about (40%) higher efficiency than BTA in case of sulfide polluted media. Surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the presence of both sulfide and Tolytriazole on the corroded surface. In sulfide polluted salt water Tolytriazole shows better performance than BTAH. The mechanism of protection is attributed to the formation of protective film of Tolytriazole or BTAH. The rate of destruction of the protective film in Tolytriazole is lower than that of BTAH in the presence of sulfide ions. This result is established at sulfide concentration as low as 10 -3 M in the presence of 10-2 M Tolytriazole. The gained results prove that Tolytriazole gives better resistance against sulfide attack. Tolitriazole is an anticorrosive and corrosion inhibitor produced in granular or powder form. It is used to prevent corrosion of metals such as silver, copper, lead, nickel. The melting point of Tolitriazole is between 80 and 86 degrees. The structure consists of 4-methyl-benzotriazole and 5-methyl-benzotriazole. Tolitriazole is soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform and has low solubility in water.It is used to prevent the metal from losing color. Chemical Properties of Tolytriazole light brown powder or granules Uses A potential labelled nitrification inhibitor of urea fertilizer in agricultural soils. General Description of Tolytriazole Tan to light brown granules or beige pellets with a characteristic odor. The Tolytriazole is being produced at our partner Nantong Botao in Rugao/China. Together with 1,2,3 Benzotriazole (see separate product information) it is one of the most effective corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloy used in various industries. Further positive effects can be seen in protection of steel, gray iron, cadmium and nickel. Applications of Tolytriazole Cooling water systems / industrial water treatment Industrial lubricants (e.g. drilling and cutting fluids) Dishwashing tablets (silver protection) Metal detergents and polishing Coolants VCI papers / metal packaging Antifogging agent (photo) Grades available of Tolytriazole Granular Fine granular Powder Tolytriazole is mainly used as antitrust and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, etc..), and for antitrust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and aldary, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compound and auto antifreeze. It also can be concernedly used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system. Properties of Tolytriazole Tolytriazole is non-toxic, non-explosive materials, soluble in water, chloroform, benzene, toluene and other organic solvents, with a lower alcohol, ethylene glycol miscible in any proportion. Use: antirust and corrosion inhibitor, anti-fading for metal product, antiseptic and anticoagulant agent, anti-fogging for photograph, ultraviolet absorbent, anti-freezing agent, cycling cooling water treatment. Tolytriazole is non-toxic,non-explosive materials,soluble in water,chloroform,benzene,toluene and other organic solvents,with a lower alcohol, ethylene glycol miscible in any proportion. Properties of Tolytriazole Pure Tolytriazole is white granule or powder, Tolytriazole is a mixture of 4-methyl-benzotriazole and 5-methyl-benzotriazole, the melting point is from 80? to 86?, soluble in alcohol, benzene?toluene?chloroform and watery lye, and hardly soluble in water. Tolytriazole is mainly used as antirust and corrosion inhibitor for metals (such as silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, etc..), and for antirust oil (tallow) products, the gas phase corrosion inhibitor of copper and aldary, lubricant additive, cycle water treating compound and auto antifreeze. Tolytriazole also can be concernedly used with manifold sterilization algaecide and has a very fine corrosion mitigation effect on close cycle cooling water system. SVET Measurements The corrosion behaviour of the galvanized steel samples immersed in 5 mM NaCl without and in the presence of 0.01 Mol/L Tolytriazole was studied by SVET. A commercial system from Applicable Electronics, controlled by the science wares ASET 2.0 software, was used to perform the SVET measurements. For the tests, the Pt-Ir probes (Microprobe Inc.) were platinized to form a small 30 μm diameter, ball of platinum black at the tip. The frequency of probe vibration in perpendicular direction to the sample surface is 325 Hz. The measurements were taken at open-circuit potential. The time of acquisition for each SVET data point is 1.2 s. The local ionic current densities were mapped on a 30 × 30 grid. The current densities were detected on 150 μm over the sample surface within an area of c.a. 4 mm2. The samples were tested after 1, 4 and 24 h of exposure in the 5 mM NaCl without and in the presence of 0.01 Mol/L Tolytriazole. The solutions in the cell were added by distilled water to maintain the original level while measuring. The data of current density were visualized by QuikGrid software. Immersion Tests After immersion in 5 mM NaCl solutions without or with 0.01 M Tolytriazole for 24 h, the photographs of the galvanized steel samples are shown in Fig. 3a-f, respectively. From Fig. 3a-c, it can be seen that the galvanized steel sample immersed in 5 mM NaCl was severely corroded, while almost no corrosion was seen on the sample surface immersed in 5 mM NaCl containing Tolytriazole (see Fig. 3d-f). Meanwhile, the other two parallel samples immersed in the above solutions were used for SEM observation of surface and cross-sectional morphologies. From the SEM image shown in Fig. 4a, the corrosion products were fully distributed on the surface of the sample after immersion in 5 mM NaCl. Figure 4b shows the surface morphology of the sample after immersion in 5 mM NaCl containing Tolytriazole. It is obvious that there is only slight corrosion on the surface, which reflects the effective corrosion inhibition. ATR-FTIR spectra of Tolytriazole, sample surface after 24 h of immersion in 5 mM NaCl with 0.01 Mol/L Tolytriazole were recorded in order to examine the presence of Tolytriazole on the galvanized steel. As shown in Fig. 5a, the transmission absorption peaks of Tolytriazole are shown at 1092 and 1031 cm-1, which are attributed to N-H in-plane bending and C-H in-plane bending [27, 28]. The peak at 1632 cm-1 is also attributed to N-H in-plane bending [28]. As shown in Fig. 5b, the presence of peaks at 1632, 1092 and 1031 cm-1 indicates that Tolytriazole was complexed with galvanized steel. Polarization Curves Figure 6 shows the polarization curves of the galvanized steel samples immersed in 5 mM NaCl and 5 mM NaCl solutions containing different concentrations of Tolytriazole. Table 1 shows the electrochemical parameters (corrosion potential, Ecorr; corrosion current density, Icorr; polarization resistance, Rp) obtained by Rp extrapolation in the vicinity of the open-circuit potential (± 15 mV). The corrosion efficiency IE is formulated as following [29], where Icorr is the corrosion current density in 5 mM NaCl; I′corr is the corrosion current density in 5 mM NaCl solutions containing different concentrations of Tolytriazole. IE is used to evaluate the inhibition effect of Tolytriazole acted on the surface of galvanized steel. From Fig. 6, it can be seen that with the increase of concentration of Tolytriazole, the corrosion potential shifts to more anodic direction and the corrosion current density shifts to much lower values in comparison to those of the control sample immersed in 5 mM NaCl, indicating that Tolytriazole has good inhibiting effect on corrosion of galvanized steel. Obviously, as the concentration of Tolytriazole reaches 0.01 Mol/L, Icorr is the lowest. From Table 1, it can be seen that Icorr shows a decrease of two orders of magnitude for the sample immersed in 5 mM NaCl containing 0.01 M Tolytriazole, comparing with Icorr for the sample immersed in 5 mM NaCl. Meanwhile, IE reaches to the maximum value at this concentration. When the concentration of Tolytriazole is increased from 0.001 to 0.005 M, Rp shows a sharp increase. Correspondingly, IE increases remarkably from 55.62 to 94.94%. Figure 7 shows the polarization curves of the galvanized steel samples immersed in 5 mM NaCl and 5 mM NaCl solution containing 0.01 M of Tolytriazole after different immersion times. Table 2 gives the fitting results of the polarization curves by Rp extrapolation in the vicinity of the open-circuit potential (± 15 mV). From Table 2, it is clear that Ecorr shifts to the noble direction when 0.01 M Tolytriazole was added to 5 mM NaCl. For Icorr and Rp values, there is an opposite oscillating behaviour, which can be ascribed to the adsorption and desorption of Tolytriazole during the immersion period. EIS Measurements EIS measurements were taken, aiming to study the characteristic at the interface of the galvanized steel and electrolyte. Figure 8 shows the EIS plots of galvanized steel samples exposed to 5 mM NaCl and 5 mM NaCl in the presence of 0.01 M Tolytriazole at different immersion times. From the EIS spectra, the diameter of capacitance loop increases with the addition of Tolytriazole, indicating Tolytriazole has a passive effect on the electrode. In comparison to the EIS spectra measured in 5 mM NaCl, there are larger capacitive loops in the low frequency range in the presence of Tolytriazole, which is caused by the charge transfer during the procedure of the metal dissolution and adsorption of inhibitor [15, 30, 31, 32]. The diameter of the capacitance loop grows with the immersion time before 72 h. It can be inferred that Tolytriazole may be adsorbed at the interface between the metal and the aggressive solution, blocking the available active centre of the galvanized steel. After immersion for 72 h, there is a drop in the diameter of the capacitance loop, which demonstrates that the protecting ability of Tolytriazole acting on the surface of the galvanized steel is becoming weaker. The decrease in capacitance loop can be ascribed to corrosion on the surface. The EEC, R(Q(R(QR))), was fitted with all the impedance data from 0 to 120 h of the immersion. All the fitted data for the impedance spectra are shown in Table 3. It is clear that the value of the film resistance, Rf increases from 0 to 120 h of immersion due to the chemical adsorption of Tolytriazole on galvanized steel, especially after 24 h of immersion. Correspondingly, there shows a decrease of Qf from 24 to 72 h. It is obvious that the value of Rct has an oscillating behaviour, indicating the adsorption and desorption process. The increase of Qdl is possibly due to the intense complexing reactions between Tolytriazole and galvanized steel. The active sites on Tolytriazole are the positively charged N atoms, which are able to complex with negatively charged Cl- adsorbed on the metal surface [7]. Figure 11a-c shows the SVET current density on the galvanized steel during immersion in 5 mM NaCl containing Tolytriazole. The anodic and cathodic current densities show even distribution immediately after immersion (1 h), indicating that Tolytriazole effectively blocks crevice corrosion. The maximum values of anodic current density are c.a. 26 μA/cm2, and the maximum values of cathodic current density are c.a. - 19 μA/cm2. As the immersion time increased to 4 h, the maximum values of anodic current density decrease to c.a. 10 μA/cm2 and the maximum values of cathodic current density change to c.a. - 6 μA/cm2. After 24 h, the maximum values of anodic current density decrease to c.a. 1 μA/cm2 and the maximum values of cathodic current density change to c.a. - 1.5 μA/cm2. The shrinking of anodic and cathodic current densities as the elongation of immersion time clearly suggests that Tolytriazole is effective in corrosion inhibition of the galvanized steel. Meanwhile, the mechanism of Tolytriazole inhibiting the corrosion on the surface of galvanized steel is chemical absorption because the value of ∆G is lower than - 40 kJ/mol, which means that the formation of chemical bonds between the solid and the adsorption needs a larger number of chemical energy than 40 kJ/mol or more and the absorption is single-layer. In contrast, the essence of physical adsorption is van der Waals forces, very small (> - 20 kJ/mol) [39]. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the adsorption of Tolytriazole is chemical adsorption. Corrosion inhibition of copper by tolytriazole (TTAH) in comparison with benzotriazole (BTAH) was investigated in unpolluted and sulfide polluted 3.5 % NaCl. Both Tolytriazole and BTAH give approximately similar results in unpolluted salt water. Electrochemical techniques illustrate that Tolytriazole gives about (40%) higher efficiency than BTA in case of sulfide polluted media. Surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the presence of both sulfide and Tolytriazole on the corroded surface. In sulfide polluted salt water Tolytriazole shows better performance than BTAH. The mechanism of protection is attributed to the formation of protective film of Tolytriazole or BTAH. The rate of destruction of the protective film in Tolytriazole is lower than that of BTAH in the presence of sulfide ions. This result is established at sulfide concentration as low as 10 -3 M in the presence of 10-2 M Tolytriazole. The gained results prove that TTAH gives better resistance against sulfide attack. Figure 1 shows the effect of Tolytriazole and BTAH on the polarization behavior of copper in 3.5 % NaCl. The obtained data refers to the Tolytriazole shows higher effect of inhibition for the copper surface in saline media and this is very clear from the magnitude of the limiting currents. The protective film of Tolytriazole copper complex which appeared in the anodic region gives better effect than the BTAH copper complex. These results were accepted because of the presence of methyl group in Tolytriazole which have positive inductive effect (+I) makes the lone electron all the time on nitrogen atom and providing a good chance for coordination bond with copper surface. The passive regions in Tolytriazole and BTAH ends at the break down potential, Eb, 0.56 and 0.58 V respectively, beyond which the current increases rapidly as the potential becomes more anodic. The rapid increase in current above Eb is caused by localized corrosion as a result of the breakdown of the protective film of Tolytriazole and BTAH [36]. Figure 7 a and b illustrate the effect of sulfide injection on the current transients of copper electrodes which pretreated for 1 hr at the passive potential 0.0 V in 10-2 M Tolytriazole and BTAH salt solution before injection. The injected sulfide concentrations were 10-4 M and 10-3 M respectively. The obtained results showed rapid increase in current upon injection of sulfide ions that appears in all concentrations of sulfide ions. The results indicate that destroying of the protective film of Tolytriazole and BTAH but with difference of resistance of sulfide attack with copper surface. The magnitude of this sudden increase in current upon injection of sulfide ions is taken as a measure of the intensity of sulfide attack. The sulfide concentration of 10-3 M makes rapid increase in current of about 200 µA in case of BTAH and 78 µA in case of Tolytriazole. This indicates that the resistance of sulfide attack of Tolytriazole is greater than BTAH by about 40 %. In case of sulfide concentration of 10-4 M the increase of current 12 µA in case of BTAH and 2 µA in case of Tolytriazole. In general the two inhibitors does not prevent the sulfide attack, however the Tolytriazole lower its intensity against copper surface. The reasons of current jump upon sulfide ions injection is related to the oxidation of sulfide ions to CuS and the increase of corrosion rate of copper. Some reviews proved that the oxidation of the sulfide ions contributes only 8% of the charge passed upon injection of the sulfide ions while the rest of the charge is due to enhanced corrosion of copper [43, 44]. The high magnification images in Figure 9 shows the difference between Tolytriazole and BTAH in the depth and width of the inter-granular corrosion. It is clearly noticed that the image of BTAH have more depth and width more than Tolytriazole. The SEM images in figure give further prove for the good resistance of Tolytriazole compared with BTAH in polluted media. Figures 10a explain the XPS spectrum obtained from the corroded copper surface in sulfide polluted salt water in the presence of 0.01 M Tolytriazole and 0.01M BTAH. The electrode was subjected to 0.01M Tolytriazole for 1 hr at 0.0V vs Ag/AgCl before injection of 0.001 M sulfide ions, which remained in contact with copper surface for another 1 hr. The XPS spectrum shows a peak of S2p at a binding energy of 162.0 eV reveals the presence of sulfide ions in the form of copper sulfide. The absence of an S2p at 164.0 eV reveals the absence of elemental sulfur on the corroded copper surface [43]. The XPS results of Tolytriazole show a counts of sulfide ion of 260 and 120 in case of BTAH, which indicates that the amount of sulfide ions on the copper surface in case of Tolytriazole are more than the case of BTAH and this proves that the Tolytriazole is more resistant to the sulfide attack than BTAH. The dissolution of copper as copper sulfide in case of BTAH is more than in case of Tolytriazole as shown by the low counts of sulfide ions on the copper surface in case of BTAH, furthermore the fully destruction of BTAH protective film. The high amount of sulfide ions reveals to low dissolution rate of copper as copper sulfide due to the presence of covered area with Tolytriazole protective film. The current transients reveal interesting interaction between the injected sulfide ions and the Tolytriazole on copper surface as well as the effect of the concentration of sulfide ions. BTAH gives lower efficiency against the injection of sulfide ions, which depends on the sulfide concentration. On the contrary, an order of magnitude the Tolytriazole gives 40 % higher efficiency than BTAH in case of 10-3 M sulfide ion concentration and gives about 16.6% higher that BTAH in case of 10-4 M sulfide concentration. It is concluded that the Tolytriazole gives higher effect more than BTAH against sulfide attack on the copper surface. Extended pre-passivation of the copper surface in the presence of Tolytriazole improves its resistance to sulfide attack more than BTAH. Generators of steam turbines play a key role in power plants. Deionized water is normally used as the cooling media in cooling systems of generators of steam turbines. The quality of cooling water is checked to ensure that the concentration of Cu2+ is no more than 40 ppb and conductivity is <5 µ s/cm (25°C) when the copper inhibitors are added in the system (GB/T12145-1999[1]). There is copper corrosion in hollow-sectioned copper conductors in cooling water. Although the conductivity of water is low, it is a threat to reliable operation. Inhibition of copper corrosion in deionized water is of great interest to the power plants. Benzotriazole (BTA) has been recognized as an effective inhibitor of copper corrosion in aqueous acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions.1-5 Tolytriazole (TTA) has been found to have equal or superior anticorrosion properties in recirculating cooling water systems.6 In this paper, the inhibitive effects of Tolytriazole and BTA for copper in deionized water are reported. The inhibition effects of BTA and Tolytriazole were evaluated from polarization curves. Effects of concentration, temperature, and time of inhibition efficiency of BTA and Tolytriazole were studied. It was revealed that effective inhibition of copper corrosion can be achieved when adding Tolytriazole or BTA (>6 ppm) to deionized water. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption of BTA and Tolytriazole were also calculated. Corrosion inhibition of copper by tolytriazole (TTAH) in comparison with benzotriazole (BTAH) was investigated in unpolluted and sulfide polluted 3.5 % NaCl. Both Tolytriazole and BTAH give approximately similar results in unpolluted salt water. Electrochemical techniques illustrate that Tolytriazole gives about (40%) higher efficiency than BTA in case of sulfide polluted media. Surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the presence of both sulfide and Tolytriazole on the corroded surface. In sulfide polluted salt water Tolytriazole shows better performance than BTAH. The mechanism of protection is attributed to the formation of protective film of Tolytriazole or BTAH. The rate of destruction of the protective film in Tolytriazole is lower than that of BTAH in the presence of sulfide ions. This result is established at sulfide concentration as low as 10 -3 M in the presence of 10 -2 M Tolytriazole. The gained results prove that Tolytriazole gives better resistance against sulfide attack.

Tolutriazole; Methyl-1H-benzotriazole; Metil-1H-benzotriazol; 5-Methylbenzotriazole; 5-Methyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole; Méthyl-1H-benzotriazole; Tolyltriazole; Methylbenzotriazole; 4(or 5)-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole; Stabinol MBTZ cas no: 29385-43-1

tolytriazole, Numéro CAS : 29385-43-1, METHYLBENZOTRIAZOLE-1H, 1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE, 4(5)-METHYL-, 1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE, METHYL-, METHYLBENZO-1H TRIAZOLE, METHYLBENZOTRIAZOLE-1H, TOLYL TRIAZOLE, tolytriazol, tolitriazol, TTA. PurTTAEst granule blanc ou poudre. TTAEst un mélange de 4-methyl-benzotriazole et 5-methyl-benzotriazole. Le point de fusion est de 80 ℃ à 86 ℃, soluble dans l'alcool, le benzène, le toluène, chloroforme andwatery lessive, difficilement soluble dans l'eau.TTAEst principalement utilisé comme anti-rouille et inhibiteur de corrosion pour les métaux. Y compris l'argent, le cuivre, le zinc, le plomb, le nickel et ainsi de suite.TTAEst largement utilisé dans les produits de l'huile anticorrosive. Il est également utilisé dans la phase gazeuse inhibiteur de corrosion du cuivre et aldary, additif lubrifiant, cycle de traitement de l'eau composé et automatique antigel. TTAPeut également être utilisé avec une variété des inhibiteurs de tartre et d'algicide de stérilisation. Il a un bon effet d'atténuation de la corrosion sur cycle rapproché système d'eau de refroidissement.Noms français : 1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE, 4(5)-METHYL- 1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE, METHYL- METHYLBENZO-1H TRIAZOLE METHYLBENZOTRIAZOLE-1H TOLYL TRIAZOLE Utilisation et sources d'émission Agent anticorrosif Methyl-1H-benzotriazole CAS names 1H-Benzotriazole, 6(or 7)-methyl- IUPAC names 1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole 1-methyl-1H-benzotriazole , 1-methylbenzotriazole 1H-Benzotriazole, 4(5)-methyl- 1H-Benzotriazole, 4(or 5)-methyl- 4(or5)-methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole , 4(or5)-methyl-1H-benzotriazole 4-Methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole 4-methyl-2H-benzotriazole 5-Methyl-1,2,3-benzotriazol 5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole METHYL 1H BENZOTYRIAZOLE methyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole Methyl-1H-benzotriazol Methyl-1H-benzotriazole (mixture) METHYL-1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE- Reaction mass of 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Reaction mass of 6-methylbenzotriazole and 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Tolyltriazol Tolyltriazole

Trigen; Triglycol; TEG; 2,2'-ethylenediqxybis(ethanol); 3,6-Dioxa-1,8-octanediol; Glycol Bis(Hydroxyethyl) Ether; Di-beta-Hydroxyethoxyethane; 1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane; 3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diol; 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)) bisethanol; ethylene glycol dihydroxydiethyl ether; Trigol; Ethylene glycol-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) ether; 1,2-Bis(2-hydroxy)ethane; Ethylene glycal-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl ether); cas no: 112-27-6

Toothpaste grade sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a specialized form of CMC that is specifically designed for use in toothpaste formulations.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serves several functions in toothpaste manufacturing and contributes to the overall performance and quality of the product.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a versatile water-soluble polymer.

CAS Number: 9004-32-4
EC Number: 618-378-6

Synonyms: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC, Sodium CMC, Carboxymethylcellulose sodium, Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, Cellulose gum, Cellulose, carboxymethyl ether, Sodium cellulose glycolate, Sodium carboxymethyl ether, Carboxymethyl ether of cellulose, Carmellose sodium, Carmellose, E466, E466 (additive), CMC sodium, Sodium carmellose, Cellulose methyl ether, Sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt, Carmalose sodium, Sodium CMC gum, Aqualon CMC, CMC-Na, CMC, Na, Sodium carboxymethylcellulose gum, Sodium cellulose glycolate, Cellulose, 2-(carboxymethoxy)-, sodium salt, Carbose, Methocel, Tylose, Tylose C, Akucell, Aquaplast, Clarcel, Cellogen, Nymcel, Cekol, Aqualon, Akucell AF 3265, CLD CMC, Cellofas, Finnfix, Nymcel ZSB 10, Cellulose, 2-(carboxymethoxy)



APPLICATIONS


Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is commonly used as a thickening agent in food products such as sauces, dressings, and beverages.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serves as a stabilizer in ice cream, preventing the formation of ice crystals and maintaining a smooth texture.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to dairy products like yogurt and cheese to improve viscosity and texture.
In the pharmaceutical industry, CMC is used as a binder in tablet formulations to hold ingredients together.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in oral care products like toothpaste and mouthwash to provide viscosity and stability.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serves as a suspending agent in liquid medications to ensure uniform distribution of active ingredients.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to personal care products such as lotions, creams, and shampoos for its thickening and stabilizing properties.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in textile printing as a thickener for dye pastes, improving print quality and color yield.
In the paper industry, CMC is applied as a surface sizing agent to improve paper strength and printability.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serves as a flocculant in wastewater treatment, aiding in the removal of suspended solids and clarification.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in oil drilling fluids as a rheology modifier to control viscosity and fluid loss.

In the construction industry, CMC is added to cement and mortar to improve workability and water retention.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in the production of ceramics as a binder to enhance green strength and machinability.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in adhesives and glues to provide viscosity and tackiness for bonding applications.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to detergents and cleaning products to improve viscosity and stabilize formulations.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) finds applications in the manufacture of latex paints and coatings to provide stability and viscosity control.

In the agricultural sector, CMC is added to pesticide formulations to improve adhesion and coverage on plant surfaces.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in the production of battery separators to improve electrolyte retention and ion conductivity.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serves as a sizing agent in the textile industry to add strength and stiffness to yarns and fabrics.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in fire-fighting foams to improve stability and effectiveness in extinguishing fires.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to pet foods to improve texture and stabilize emulsions, ensuring uniform distribution of nutrients.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) finds applications in the cosmetics industry for its thickening, stabilizing, and film-forming properties.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in ceramic glazes to improve suspension and reduce settling of pigments.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serves as a binder in the production of dietary supplements, ensuring the integrity of tablet formulations.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a versatile ingredient with a wide range of applications across various industries, contributing to the quality and performance of numerous products.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in the manufacture of rubber and latex products to improve processing and mechanical properties.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to ceramic bodies to improve green strength and reduce cracking during drying and firing.
In the mining industry, CMC is used as a flocculant in mineral processing to improve solid-liquid separation.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in the production of wallpaper adhesives to improve adhesion and workability.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) finds applications in the oilfield industry as a drilling mud additive to control fluid loss and improve hole stability.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to textile finishing formulations to impart wrinkle resistance and crease recovery properties.
In the automotive industry, CMC is used in the formulation of brake pads to improve friction and wear resistance.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serves as a binder in ceramic tile adhesives to enhance adhesion and prevent tile slippage.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in the production of latex condoms to improve lubricity and reduce breakage.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to petrochemical drilling fluids to enhance rheology and suspension properties.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) finds applications in the production of latex foam mattresses to improve comfort and durability.

In the cosmetics industry, CMC is used in mascara formulations to improve texture and adhesion to lashes.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in the manufacture of artificial snow for winter-themed decorations and events.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serves as a stabilizer in ceramic glazes, preventing settling of pigments and ensuring uniform coverage.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the production of biodegradable films and coatings for packaging materials.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) finds applications in the construction of fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRP) to improve resin flow and wet-out.

In the textile industry, CMC is added to fabric softeners to improve dispersion and softening properties.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is utilized in the production of polymer composites to enhance strength and dimensional stability.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) finds applications in the formulation of firefighting gels to improve viscosity and adherence to surfaces.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is added to dishwashing detergents to improve cleaning performance and reduce spotting on dishes.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serves as a binder in the production of ceramic filters for water purification and filtration.
In the printing industry, CMC is used in the formulation of inks to improve color intensity and print definition.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in the production of controlled-release pharmaceutical formulations to modulate drug release.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) finds applications in the production of battery electrolytes to improve ion conductivity and stability.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) continues to find new and innovative applications across a wide range of industries, showcasing its versatility and value as a functional additive.



DESCRIPTION


Toothpaste grade sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a specialized form of CMC that is specifically designed for use in toothpaste formulations.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) serves several functions in toothpaste manufacturing and contributes to the overall performance and quality of the product.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a versatile water-soluble polymer.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is derived from cellulose, a natural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is commonly used as a thickening agent in various industries.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has a white to off-white appearance and is typically in the form of a fine powder.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is odorless and tasteless, making it suitable for use in a wide range of applications.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is soluble in water, forming clear or slightly opalescent solutions.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is known for its ability to modify the viscosity of liquids, ranging from low to high viscosity grades.
The viscosity of CMC solutions can be adjusted by varying factors such as concentration and molecular weight.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) exhibits pseudoplastic behavior, where its viscosity decreases under shear stress.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) can form films when dried from solution, providing barrier properties and film-forming capabilities.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is often used as a stabilizer in emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water phases.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) acts as a suspending agent, keeping insoluble particles uniformly dispersed in liquid formulations.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is biodegradable and environmentally friendly, making it a preferred choice in eco-conscious products.
Its film-forming properties make CMC suitable for use in coatings and adhesives.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is compatible with a wide range of other additives, including surfactants and polymers.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the food industry as a thickener and stabilizer in products such as sauces, dressings, and dairy items.
In the pharmaceutical industry, CMC is used as a binder in tablet formulations to hold ingredients together.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is employed in personal care products such as lotions, creams, and shampoos for its thickening and stabilizing properties.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in the textile industry as a sizing agent to improve fabric strength and smoothness.
In the construction industry, CMC is added to cement and mortar to improve workability and water retention.

Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is also used in the production of ceramics, paints, and adhesives.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is anionic in nature due to the presence of carboxylate groups.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has a wide range of industrial applications, contributing to the quality and performance of numerous products.

Its versatility, stability, and effectiveness make CMC a valuable ingredient in various industries worldwide.
Toothpaste grade Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) plays a crucial role in enhancing the functionality and performance of diverse products across different sectors.



PROPERTIES


Appearance: White to off-white powder or granules.
Odor: Odorless.
Taste: Tasteless.
Solubility: Soluble in water, forming a clear or slightly opalescent solution. Insoluble in organic solvents.
Density: Typically around 0.5-0.7 g/cm³ for the powder form.
Viscosity: Varies depending on the molecular weight and degree of substitution; can range from a few centipoises (cP) to several thousand cP for a 1% solution at 25°C.
pH: Usually between 6.5 and 8.5 for a 1% aqueous solution.
Particle Size: Fine powder with particle size typically around 80-100 mesh.
Moisture Content: Generally less than 10% for most commercial grades.
Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic, absorbs moisture from the air.
Ash Content: Typically less than 1%.



FIRST AID


1. Inhalation

Immediate Actions:
If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.

Assessment:
Check the individual's breathing. If breathing is difficult, ensure a clear airway and administer oxygen if available.

Medical Attention:
Seek medical assistance if respiratory symptoms persist or worsen.


2. Skin Contact

Immediate Actions:
Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water.

Washing:
Wash the skin thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.

Medical Attention:
Seek medical advice if irritation persists or if skin damage is evident.


3. Eye Contact

Immediate Actions:
Flush the eyes with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, lifting the eyelids occasionally to ensure thorough rinsing.

Contact Lenses:
Remove contact lenses if present and continue rinsing.

Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, pain, or visual disturbances occur.


4. Ingestion

Immediate Actions:
Do not induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.

Medical Attention:
Seek medical advice immediately.
Provide medical personnel with information about the ingested substance.


Additional First Aid Information

Personal Protection:
Ensure the safety of first responders by providing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).

Documentation:
Record details of the exposure, including the route of exposure, symptoms observed, and actions taken.

Monitoring:
Monitor the affected individual for signs of respiratory distress, skin irritation, or other symptoms.

Transportation:
If medical attention is required, transport the individual to a medical facility as soon as possible.

Follow-Up:
Provide follow-up care as necessary and monitor for delayed or secondary effects of exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Respiratory Protection:
Use appropriate respiratory protection (e.g., dust mask) if handling CMC in dusty environments or where airborne exposure is possible.

Skin Protection:
Wear protective gloves, clothing, and footwear to prevent skin contact.

Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or face shield to protect eyes from potential splashes or dust.


2. Handling Practices

Minimize Dust:
Avoid generating dust by handling CMC carefully and using dust control measures such as local exhaust ventilation or wet methods.

Avoid Direct Contact:
Minimize direct skin contact with CMC. Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Do Not Eat, Drink, or Smoke:
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking while handling CMC to prevent accidental ingestion.

Work Area Hygiene:
Maintain good housekeeping practices in work areas to prevent the accumulation of dust and spills.


3. Equipment and Tools

Use Suitable Equipment:
Use appropriate handling equipment (e.g., scoops, shovels) to transfer CMC to minimize dust generation.

Cleaning Equipment:
Clean handling equipment regularly to prevent cross-contamination.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers of CMC with product information and handling precautions.


Storage

1. Storage Conditions

Temperature:
Store CMC in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and direct sunlight.

Humidity Control:
Maintain humidity levels to prevent moisture absorption, which can affect the quality and flow properties of CMC.

Avoid Contamination:
Store CMC away from incompatible materials, such as acids, oxidizing agents, and strong bases.

Segregation:
Separate CMC from food, feed, and other materials to prevent contamination.


2. Container Handling

Original Packaging:
Store CMC in its original packaging or in suitable containers that are tightly sealed to prevent moisture ingress.

Avoid Damage:
Handle containers carefully to prevent damage that could lead to spills or contamination.

Check Integrity:
Regularly inspect containers for signs of damage or leaks. Dispose of damaged containers appropriately.


3. Special Considerations

Bulk Storage:
If storing CMC in bulk quantities, use appropriate storage facilities equipped with dust control measures and fire protection systems.

Temperature Control:
Monitor storage temperatures to prevent exposure to extreme heat or cold, which could affect product stability.

Emergency Response:
Have spill response procedures and cleanup materials readily available in case of accidental spills or releases.


Transportation

Packaging:
Ensure that CMC is properly packaged and labeled according to regulatory requirements for transportation.

Secure Load:
Secure containers during transportation to prevent shifting or damage.

Compliance:
Adhere to transportation regulations and guidelines for the safe handling and transport of CMC.


Waste Management

Disposal:
Dispose of CMC and its packaging in accordance with local regulations and guidelines for hazardous waste disposal.

Recycling:
Where possible, recycle empty containers and packaging materials according to applicable recycling programs.


Training and Awareness

Employee Training:
Provide training to personnel involved in the handling, storage, and transportation of CMC on proper procedures and safety precautions.

Emergency Preparedness:
Conduct regular drills and training exercises to ensure readiness for handling emergencies involving CMC.

Tosylchloramide sodium is the organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2NClNa.
Tosylchloramide sodium has a role as an antifouling biocide, a disinfectant and an allergen.
Tosylchloramide sodium is commonly used as cyclizing agent in the synthesis of aziridine, oxadiazole, isoxazole and pyrazoles.


CAS Number: 127-65-1 / 7080-50-4 (trihydrate)
EC Number: 204-854-7
Molecular Formula: C7H7ClNNaO2S
Chemical formula: C7H7ClNO2S•Na / C7H7ClNO2S•Na•(3H2O) (hydrate)



SYNONYMS:
Chloramine-T, Sodium chloro(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)azanide, N-Chloro-para-toluenesulfonylamide, Sodium N-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulphonomite, Chloraseptin, Chlorazol, Clorina, Disifin, Halamid, Hydroclonazone, Trichlorol, Minachlor, Tosylchloramide Sodium, N-chlorotosylamide, sodium salt, Aseptoclean, Chloraseptine, Sodium N-chloro 4-methylbenzenesulfonamide trihydrate, Sodium N-chloro-4-toluenesulfonamide trihydrate, Sodium n-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide trihydrate, Tosylchloramide sodium, Chloramine-T, CHLORAMINE T, 127-65-1, Chloralone, Chlorasan, Chlorazene, Chlorozone, Acti-chlore, Tosylchloramide sodium, Chloraseptine, Chlorazan, Chlorazone, Chlorosol, Chlorseptol, Heliogen, Mannolite, Tampules, Tochlorine, Tolamine, Sodium chloramine T, Monochloramine T, Multichlor, Aktivin, Sodium p-toluenesulfonchloramide, Chlorina Aktivin, Sodium chloro(tosyl)amide, Sodium tosylchloramide, Euclorina, Clorina, Tosilcloramida sodica, Tosylchloramide sodique, (N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamido)sodium, Sodium p-toluenesulfonylchloramide, Tosylchloramidum natricum, Berkendyl, Halamid, N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium, Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, Anexol, chloramine-T anhydrous, Cloramine T, Gyneclorina, Clorosan, Mianine, Gansil, Chloramin Heyden, Kloramine-T, CHEBI:53767, Tosylchloramide sodium [INN], Chloramin Dr. Fahlberg, 328AS34YM6, N-Chlorotoluenesulfonamide sodium salt, NSC-36959, N-Chloro-4-methylbenzylsulfonamide sodium salt, DTXSID6040321, [chloro(p-tolylsulfonyl)amino]sodium, Aseptoclean, Desinfect, Tosylchloramid-natrium, sodium chloro(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)azanide, Benzenesulfonamide, N-chloro-4-methyl-, sodium salt, 149358-73-6, Tosylchloramide sodium (INN), N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium salt, Caswell No. 170, Benzenesulfonamide, N-chloro-4-methyl-, sodium salt (1:1), Chloramine-t [NF], TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM (EP IMPURITY), TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM [EP IMPURITY], TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM (EP MONOGRAPH), TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM [EP MONOGRAPH], p-Toluenesulfonchloramide Sodium Salt, sodium chloro((4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl)azanide, sodium chloro[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]azanide, HSDB 4303, SR-01000872612, EINECS 204-854-7, Tosilcloramida sodica [INN-Spanish], N-Chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide sodium salt, NSC 36959, Tosylchloramide sodique [INN-French], (N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide)sodium, Tosylchloramidum natricum [INN-Latin], AI3-18426C, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076502, UNII-328AS34YM6, Chloramin T, p-Toluenesulfonamide, N-chloro-, sodium salt, Tosyl chloramide sodium, Sodiumchloro(tosyl)amide, CHLORAMINE-T [MI], Epitope ID:116223, CHLORAMINE-T [HSDB], SCHEMBL19335, CHEMBL1697734, DTXCID4020321, HMS3264N19, AMY37206, BCP12015, HY-B0959, s6403, Sodium N-chloro-4-toluenesulfonamide, AKOS015890257, CCG-213937, CS-4435, TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM [WHO-DD], USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 076502, DA-72163, Sodium N-chloro 4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, NS00066780, sodium;chloro-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide, Chloramine-T 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, EN300-75322, D02445, D88065, Q420695, J-008582, SR-01000872612-2, SR-01000872612-3, W-108379, Chloramine (T) N-Chloro-4-toluenesulfonamide,sodium salt, Z1172235461, Acti-chlore, Aktiven, Aktivin, Anexol, Asepto-Sol, Aseptoclean, Berkendyl, Chloralone, Chloramine-T, Chlorasan, Chloraseptine, Chlorazan, Chlorazene, Chlorazene Hydrosol, Chlorazone, Chlorozone, Chlorseptol, Cloramine T, Clorina, Clorosan, Desinfect, Euclorina, Gansil, Gyneclorina, Halamid, Heliogen, Kloramin, Kloramin B, Kloramine-T, Mannolite, Mianine, Monochloramine T, Multichlor, N-Chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide Sodium Salt, N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide Sodium, N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide Sodium Salt, N-Chlorotoluenesulfonamide Sodium Salt, Sodium N-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, Sodium N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, Sodium Chloramine T, Sodium p-Toluenesulfochloramide, Sodium p-Toluenesulfonchloramide, Sodium p-Toluenesulfonylchloramide, Sodium Tosylchloramide, Tampules, Toc, (N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamido)sodium, Acti-chlore, Aktivin, Anexol, Aseptoclean, Benzenesulfonamide, N-chloro-4-methyl-, sodium salt, Berkendyl, Chloralone, Chloramin Dr. Fahlberg, Chloramin Heyden, Chloramine T, Chlorasan, Chloraseptine, Chlorazan, Chlorazene, Chlorazone, Chlorina Aktivin, Chlorosol, Chlorozone, Chlorseptol, Cloramine T, Clorina, Clorosan, Desinfect, Euclorina, Gansil, Gyneclorina, Halamid, Heliogen, Kloramin, Kloramine-T, Mannolite, Mianine, Monochloramine T, Multichlor, N-Chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide sodium salt, N-Chloro-4-methylbenzylsulfonamide sodium salt, N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium, N-Chlorotoluenesulfonamide sodium salt, Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, Sodium chloramine T, Sodium derivative of N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, trihydrate, Sodium p-toluenesulfonchloramide, Sodium p-toluenesulfonylchloramide, Sodium tosylchloramide, Tampules, Tochlorine, Tolamine, Tosilcloramida sodica [INN-Spanish], Tosylchloramid-natrium, Tosylchloramide sodique [INN-French], Tosylchloramide sodium, Tosylchloramidum natricum [INN-Latin], p-Toluenesulfonamide, N-chloro-, sodium salt, [ChemIDplus] UN1759, Chloramine-T, Benzene Sulfonamide Sodium Salt , Sodium chloro(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)azanide , N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium salt , Clorina, Euclorina, Tosylchloramide sodium , N-chloro tosylamide, sodium salt, N-Chloro 4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, sodium salt , sodium p-toluenesulfonchloramide, N-Chloro para-toluenesulfonylamide, EC 615-172-8, Benzenesulfonamide, N-chloro-4-methyl-, sodium salt, Chloralone, Chlorasan, Chlorozone, chloralone, Chloramine-T, Cloramine T, tosylchloramide sodium, chloramine-t trihydrate, Sodium Chloro(tosyl)amide, Sodium N-chloro-4-methylbenzene-sulfonimidate, Chloramine-T, sodium chloro(tosyl)amide, N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide Sodium Salt Trihydrate, Tosylchloramide Sodium Trihydrate, (N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamido)sodium Trihydrate, N-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide Sodium Salt Trihydrate



Tosylchloramide sodium is an organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.
Tosylchloramide sodium has a role as an antifouling biocide, a disinfectant and an allergen.
Tosylchloramide sodium contains a chloro(p-tolylsulfonyl)azanide.


Tosylchloramide sodium is the organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2NClNa.
Both the anhydrous salt and Tosylchloramide sodium's trihydrate are known.
Both are white powders.


Tosylchloramide sodium is used as a reagent in organic synthesis.
Tosylchloramide sodium is commonly used as cyclizing agent in the synthesis of aziridine, oxadiazole, isoxazole and pyrazoles.
Tosylchloramide sodium's inexpensive, has low toxicity and acts as a oxidizing agent.


In addition, Tosylchloramide sodium also acts as a source of nitrogen anions and electrophilic cations.
Tosylchloramide sodium may undergo degradation on long term exposure to atmosphere such that care must be taken during its storage.
Tosylchloramide sodium is an organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.


Tosylchloramide sodium is a white or slightly yellow crystals or crystalline powder.
Tosylchloramide sodium is one of numerous organometallic compounds manufactured.
Organometallics are useful reagents, catalysts, and precursor materials with applications in thin film deposition, industrial chemistry, pharmaceuticals, LED manufacturing, and others.


Tosylchloramide sodium, known as Chloramine-T (CAT), is a low-cost mild oxidizing agent with a wide range of uses.
Tosylchloramide sodium acts as a source of halonium cation and nitrogen anion and thus acts as base and nucleophile.
Tosylchloramide sodium reacts with a wide range of functional groups and carries different molecular transformations.


Tosylchloramide sodium is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.
Tosylchloramide sodium is the organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2NClNa.


Both the anhydrous salt and Tosylchloramide sodium's trihydrate are known.
Both are white powders.
Tosylchloramide sodium's inexpensive, has low toxicity and acts as a oxidizing agent.


In addition, Tosylchloramide sodium also acts as a source of nitrogen anions and electrophilic cations.
Tosylchloramide sodium may undergo degradation on long term exposure to atmosphere such that care must be taken during its storage.
Tosylchloramide sodium is a disinfectant that is used to treat wastewater and as a preservative for water.


Tosylchloramide sodium has been shown to be effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Tosylchloramide sodium is an antimicrobial agent that reacts with the matrix in which it is applied to form chloramines-T (NHClO).
Tosylchloramide sodium inhibits the activity of enzymes such as those involved in DNA synthesis and protein synthesis.


This reaction also generates an electric current due to the redox potentials of the reactants.
The presence of aziridines in Tosylchloramide sodium leads to crosslinking between proteins, which enhances its effectiveness as a disinfectant.


Tosylchloramide sodium has been shown to have no adverse effects on human erythrocytes or DNA when used at concentrations up to 100 µg/mL.
Tosylchloramide sodium is a white crystal powder.
Tosylchloramide sodium has a slight smell of chlorine gas, no bitterness, and slowly decomposes in the exposed air.


The effective chlorine is reduced by 0.1% in one year, gradually loses chlorine and turns yellow, is easily soluble in water and ethanol, and is insoluble in chloroform, ether or benzene.
Tosylchloramide sodium is a white to yellow crystals with a slight odor of Chlorine.


Tosylchloramide sodium is a titrimetric reagent, and an oxidizing agent.
Tosylchloramide sodium is an investigational animal drug used in the aquaculture industry and also is a very effective odor control compound.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM:
Tosylchloramide sodium is used reagent in amidohydroxylation
Tosylchloramide sodium is used the Sharpless oxyamination converts an alkene to a vicinal aminoalcohol.
Tosylchloramide sodium is used a common source of the amido component of this reaction is chloramine-T.


Vicinal aminoalcohols are important products in organic synthesis and recurring pharmacophores in drug discovery.
Tosylchloramide sodium is used the Sharpless oxyamination and Oxidant.
Tosylchloramide sodium is a strong oxidant.


Tosylchloramide sodium oxidizes hydrogen sulfide to sulfur and mustard gas to yield a harmless crystalline sulfimide.
Tosylchloramide sodium converts iodide to iodine monochloride (ICl).
ICl rapidly undergoes electrophilic substitution predominantly with activated aromatic rings, such as those of the amino acid tyrosine.


Thus, Tosylchloramide sodium is used to incorporate iodine into peptides and proteins.
Tosylchloramide sodium together with iodogen or lactoperoxidase is commonly used for labeling peptides and proteins with radioiodine isotopes.
This disinfectant is for external use only, Tosylchloramide sodium can exterminate bacteria, viruses, fungi, spore.


The action principle is that chlorine can sterilize slowly and lastingly, and also can dissolve necrotic tissue, chlorine come from hypochlorous acid which is produced by Tosylchloramide sodium solution.
Tosylchloramide sodium is used apply to disinfect drinking water container,food,all kind of tableware, fruits and vegetables,and cleaning wound, mucous membrane.


Tosylchloramide sodium is used in preparation of Acetoxy Chloro Me Butene.
Most importantly, Tosylchloramide sodium can be used in acidic, neutral, and basic conditions.
As a result, Tosylchloramide sodium’s been widely used in chemistry, particularly in organic synthesis and analytical chemistry.


Tosylchloramide sodium is used in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.
Tosylchloramide sodium is being reviewed for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: disinfection, veterinary hygiene, food and animals feeds, drinking water.


Tosylchloramide sodium is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products.
Release to the environment of Tosylchloramide sodium can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials.
Tosylchloramide sodium is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products.


Release to the environment of Tosylchloramide sodium can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Tosylchloramide sodium is used as a reagent in organic synthesis.


Tosylchloramide sodium is commonly used as cyclizing agent in the synthesis of aziridine, oxadiazole, isoxazole and pyrazoles.
Tosylchloramide sodium is a disinfectant with broad-spectrum bactericidal ability for external use.
Tosylchloramide sodium contains 24 to 25% of available chlorine.


Tosylchloramide sodium is relatively stable and has a killing effect on bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores.
The principle of action is that the solution produces hypochlorous acid to release chlorine, which has a slow and long-lasting bactericidal action and can dissolve necrotic tissue.


Tosylchloramide sodium has mild and long-lasting effect, no irritation to mucous membranes, no side effects, and excellent effect.
Tosylchloramide sodium is often used for washing and disinfecting wounds and ulcers.
Tosylchloramide sodium is widely used in the sterilization of sterile rooms and disinfection of medical devices in pharmaceutical companies.


Tosylchloramide sodium is also used for food utensils, fruit and vegetable breeding industry disinfection, wound surface, mucous membrane washing.
Tosylchloramide sodium was originally used as a bleach in a manner similar to Chloramine B.


Tosylchloramide sodium is now primarily used as an Disinfectant and Fungicide.
Tosylchloramide sodium is used as a bleaching agent and oxidizing desizing agent in the printing and dyeing industry, used as a reagent for supplying chlorine.


Tosylchloramide sodium has other applications that include: algaecide, bactericide, germicide, parasite control, and for drinking water disinfection.
Tosylchloramide sodium is also highly effective against bacteria, viruses, and spores.


In the aquaculture and aquafarming industries, Tosylchloramide sodium (Tosylchloramide Sodium Salt) is used to treat external bacterial infections in salmonid fish such as koi, salmon, trout, and whitefish.
In the personal care industry, Tosylchloramide sodium is used in hydrotherapy treatments to revitalize, maintain, and restore health.


Hydrotherapeutic applications of Tosylchloramide sodium include whirlpools, saunas, steam baths, foot baths, and sitz baths.
Tosylchloramide sodium is also used for disinfection in saunas, solariums, gyms, sport centres, kitchens, sanitary facilities, and air conditioning units.


As an anti-microbial agent, Tosylchloramide sodium it has had widespread use in a broad range of practices, including medical, dental, verterinary food processing and agricultural.
Tosylchloramide sodium also has been used in direct contact with tissues because it has a low degree of cytotoxicity.



REACTIONS OF TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM:
Tosylchloramide sodium contains active (electrophilic) chlorine.
Tosylchloramide sodium's reactivity is similar to that of sodium hypochlorite.

Aqueous solutions of Tosylchloramide sodium are slightly basic (pH typically 8.5).
The pKa of the closely related N-chlorophenylsulfonamide C6H5SO2NClH is 9.5.

Tosylchloramide sodium is prepared by oxidation of toluenesulfonamide with sodium hypochlorite, with the latter being produced in situ from sodium hydroxide and chlorine (Cl2).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM:
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 226.9783716 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 226.9783716 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 43.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 231
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical formula: C7H7ClNO2S•Na
C7H7ClNO2S•Na•(3H2O) (hydrate)
Molar mass: 227.64 g/mol
281.69 g/mol (trihydrate)
Appearance: White powder
Density: 1.4 g/cm3
Melting point Releases chlorine at 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K)
Solid melts at 167–169 °C
Solubility in water >100 mg/mL (hydrate)
Molecular Weight: 227.64

Appearance: Solid
Formula: C7H7ClNNaO2S
CAS No.: 127-65-1
SMILES: O=S(C1=CC=C(C)C=C1)(N([Na])Cl)=O
Shipping: Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage: 4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
Appearance: White Powder
Purity: ≥99%
Active Chlorine: ≥24.5%
PH: 8.0-11.0
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available

Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Water Solubility: 1.52 mg/mL
logP: -1
logP: 1.85
logS: -2.2

pKa (Strongest Acidic): 4.89
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 3
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 43.37 Å2
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Refractivity: 47.79 m3•mol-1
Polarizability: 18.65 Å3
Number of Rings: 1
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No

Chemical Formula: C7H7ClNO2S•Na
Hydrate Formula: C7H7ClNO2S•Na•(3H2O)
Molecular Weight:
227.64 g/mol (anhydrous)
281.69 g/mol (trihydrate)
Appearance: White powder
Density: 1.4 g/cm³
Melting Point:
Releases chlorine at 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K)
Solid melts at 167–169 °C
Solubility in Water: >100 g/L (hydrate)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 1

Exact Mass: 226.9783716 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 226.9783716 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 43.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 231
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Chemical Name: Sodium; chloro-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide
Compound Formula: C7H7ClNNaO2S
Molecular Weight: 227.644 g/mol
Appearance: White powder or crystals
Density: 1.4 g/cm³
Melting Point: 167-170 °C
Boiling Point: 314.3 °C at 760 mmHg (est.)
Flash Point: 143.9 °C (291.00 °F, TCC)
Solubility in Water: >100 mg/mL (est.)
Exact Mass: 226.978378 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 226.978378 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Topological Polar Surface Area: 42.52 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 231
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C7H7ClNO2S.Na/c1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)12(10,11)9-8;/h2-5H,1H3;/q-1;+1
InChI Key: VDQQXEISLMTGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[N-]Cl.[Na+]
EC Number: 204-854-7
PubChem CID: 3641960

RTECS Number: XT5616800
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00%
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Vapor Pressure: 0.000472 mmHg @ 25 °C (est.)
logP (o/w): 2.268 (est.)
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
May decompose violently if heated above 130 °C.
May decompose on exposure to air.
Storage: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place

Chemical name: Tosylchloramide Sodium,
CAS Number: 127-65-1,
Category: sulphur and selenium compounds, aromatics,
Synonyms: Sodium Chloro(tosyl)amide; Sodium N-chloro-4-methylbenzene-sulfonimidate; Chloramine-T,
Molecular formula: C7H7ClNNaO2S,
Appearance: NA,
Molecular weight: 227.64,
Storage: 2-8°C Refrigerator,
Shipping Conditions: Ambient,
Applications: NA



FIRST AID MEASURES of TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

An organic sodium salt derivative of Tosylchloramide sodium with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.
Tosylchloramide sodium is the organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2NClNa.
Both the anhydrous salt and its trihydrate are known.

CAS: 127-65-1
MF: C7H7ClNNaO2S
MW: 227.64
EINECS: 204-854-7

Both are white powders.
Tosylchloramide sodium is used as a reagent in organic synthesis.
Tosylchloramide sodium is commonly used as cyclizing agent in the synthesis of aziridine, oxadiazole, isoxazole and pyrazoles.
Tosylchloramide sodium's inexpensive, has low toxicity and acts as a mild oxidizing agent.
In addition, Tosylchloramide sodium also acts as a source of nitrogen anions and electrophilic cations.
Tosylchloramide sodium may undergo degradation on long term exposure to atmosphere such that care must be taken during its storage.

Tosylchloramide sodium is a disinfectant agent widely used in laboratories, kitchens and hospitals.
Tosylchloramide sodium is also used as a biocide in air fresheners and deodorants.
Tosylchloramide sodium or N-chloro tosylamide, sodium salt, sold as chloramine-T, is a N-chlorinated and N-deprotonated sulfonamide used as a biocide and a mild disinfectant.
Tosylchloramide sodium is a white powder that gives unstable solutions with water.
Trade names of Tosylchloramide sodium products include Chloraseptin, Chlorazol, Clorina, Disifin, Halamid, Hydroclonazone, Trichlorol, Minachlor, and generic Chloramin T or Tosylchloramide Sodium, among others.

Tosylchloramide sodium Chemical Properties
Melting point: 167-170 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.401[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry,2-8°C
Solubility: H2O: >100 mg/mL
pka: 0.39[at 20 ℃]
Water Solubility: 150g/L at 25℃
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May decompose violently if heated above 130 C. May decompose on exposure to air.
LogP: -1.3 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 127-65-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Tosylchloramide sodium (127-65-1)

Reactions
Tosylchloramide sodium contains active (electrophilic) chlorine.
Tosylchloramide sodium's reactivity is similar to that of sodium hypochlorite.
Aqueous solutions of Tosylchloramide sodium are slightly basic (pH typically 8.5).
The pKa of the closely related Tosylchloramide sodium C6H5SO2NClH is 9.5.

Uses
Tosylchloramide sodium is for external use only, it can exterminate bacteria, viruses, fungi, spore.
The action principle is that chlorine can sterilize slowly and lastingly, and also can dissolve necrotic tissue, chlorine come from hypochlorous acid which is produced by Tosylchloramide sodium solution.
Apply to disinfect drinking water container,food,all kind of tableware, fruits and vegetables,and cleaning wound, mucous membrane.

Reagent in amidohydroxylation
The Sharpless oxyamination converts an alkene to a vicinal aminoalcohol.
A common source of the amido component of this reaction is Tosylchloramide sodium.
Vicinal aminoalcohols are important products in organic synthesis and recurring pharmacophores in drug discovery.

Iodination and radioiodination
Hypochlorite released from Tosylchloramide sodium acts as an effective oxidizing agent for iodide to form iodine monochloride (ICl).
ICl rapidly undergoes electrophilic substitution predominantly with activated aromatic rings, such as those of the amino acid tyrosine.
Thus, Tosylchloramide sodium is widely used for the incorporation of iodine to peptides and proteins.
Tosylchloramide sodium together with iodogen or lactoperoxidase is commonly used for labeling peptides and proteins with radioiodine isotopes (123I, 125I or 131I).

Biocide
Tosylchloramide sodium is available in tablet or powder form and has to be dissolved before use.
Tosylchloramide sodium is sprayed on a surface and allowed to stand for at least 15 minutes before being wiped off or allowed to dry.
Tosylchloramide sodium used in areas such as hospitals, laboratories, nursing homes, funeral homes, medical, dental and veterinary facilities, where control of pathogens is required, for disinfecting surfaces and soaking medical and dental equipment.
Tosylchloramide sodium is also used for parasite control and for drinking water disinfection.

Tosylchloramide sodium is as an algicide, bactericide, virucide, fungicide (including spores), germicide.
Tosylchloramide sodium is also effective against mycobacteria such as tuberculosis, foot-and-mouth disease and avian influenza.
The molecular structure of Tosylchloramide sodium is similar to para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in bacterial metabolism, which is disrupted by this sulfonamide (in the same way as by a sulfa drug).
Therefore, Tosylchloramide sodium is capable of inhibiting with bacterial growth with two mechanisms, with the phenylsulfonamide moiety and the hypochlorite, which destroys the DNA structure via oxidation and thereby prevents microbes from reproducing and reforming.

Protective agent
Tosylchloramide sodium reacts readily with mustard gas to yield a harmless crystalline sulfimide; Tosylchloramide sodium derivatives are being studied as protective agents against poison gas.

Oxidant
Tosylchloramide sodium is a strong oxidant.
Tosylchloramide sodium oxidizes hydrogen sulfide to sulfur and mustard gas to yield a harmless crystalline sulfimide.

Tosylchloramide sodium converts iodide to iodine monochloride (ICl).
ICl rapidly undergoes electrophilic substitution predominantly with activated aromatic rings, such as those of the amino acid tyrosine.
Thus, Tosylchloramide sodium is used to incorporate iodine into peptides and proteins.
Tosylchloramide sodium together with iodogen or lactoperoxidase is commonly used for labeling peptides and proteins with radioiodine isotopes.

Synthesis
Tosylchloramide sodium is prepared in 75 – 95 % yield by passing chlorine into a sodium hydroxide solution of p-toluenesulfonamide.
Tosylchloramide sodium is a strong electrolyte in acid solution and a good oxidizing agent in base.
Tosylchloramide sodium is fairly soluble in water, and practically insoluble in benzene, chloroform, and ether.
Tosylchloramide sodium reacts readily with mustard gas to yield a harmless crystalline sulfimide; Tosylchloramide sodium derivatives are being studied as protective agents against poison gas.

Synonyms
Chloramine-T
CHLORAMINE T
127-65-1
Chloralone
Chlorasan
Chlorozone
Tosylchloramide sodium
Acti-chlore
Chloraseptine
Chlorazene
Chlorazone
Chlorseptol
Multichlor
Tochlorine
Aktivin
Chlorazan
Chlorosol
Heliogen
Mannolite
Tampules
Tolamine
Sodium chloramine T
Chlorina Aktivin
Monochloramine T
Sodium tosylchloramide
Sodium p-toluenesulfonchloramide
Berkendyl
Anexol
Tosilcloramida sodica
Sodium chloro(tosyl)amide
Cloramine T
Tosylchloramide sodique
Tosylchloramidum natricum
Clorina
Euclorina
Aseptoclean
Gyneclorina
(N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamido)sodium
Clorosan
Desinfect
Kloramin
Mianine
Gansil
Tosylchloramid-natrium
Sodium p-toluenesulfonylchloramide
Chloramin Heyden
Kloramine-T
N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium
Sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide
Halamid
Caswell No. 170
chloramine-T anhydrous
Chloramin Dr. Fahlberg
N-Chlorotoluenesulfonamide sodium salt
Tosylchloramide sodium [INN]
Chloramine-t [NF]
CHEBI:53767
HSDB 4303
N-Chloro-4-methylbenzylsulfonamide sodium salt
EINECS 204-854-7
Tosilcloramida sodica [INN-Spanish]
N-Chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide sodium salt
NSC 36959
Tosylchloramide sodique [INN-French]
Tosylchloramidum natricum [INN-Latin]
AI3-18426C
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076502
UNII-328AS34YM6
p-Toluenesulfonamide, N-chloro-, sodium salt
sodium chloro(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)azanide
328AS34YM6
[chloro(p-tolylsulfonyl)amino]sodium
Benzenesulfonamide, N-chloro-4-methyl-, sodium salt
sodium;chloro-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide
149358-73-6
Tosylchloramide sodium (INN)
Benzenesulfonamide, N-chloro-4-methyl-, sodium salt (1:1)
NSC-36959
p-Toluenesulfonchloramide Sodium Salt
C7H7ClNNaO2S
SR-01000872612
N-Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium salt
Chloramin T
(N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide)sodium
Sodiumchloro(tosyl)amide
CHLORAMINE-T [MI]
Epitope ID:116223
CHLORAMINE T [INCI]
CHLORAMINE-T [HSDB]
SCHEMBL19335
C7-H8-Cl-N-O2-S.Na
CHEMBL1697734
DTXSID6040321
HMS3264N19
AMY37206
BCP12015
HY-B0959
s6403
AKOS015890257
CCG-213937
CS-4435
TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM [WHO-DD]
SODIUM P-TOLUENESULFONCHLOROAMIDE
LS-154121
TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM [EP IMPURITY]
FT-0654742
TOSYLCHLORAMIDE SODIUM [EP MONOGRAPH]
Chloramine-T 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
EN300-75322
sodium chloro[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]azanide
D02445
D88065
Q420695
J-008582
SR-01000872612-2
SR-01000872612-3
W-108379
N-Chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide sodium salt (1:1)
Chloramine (T) N-Chloro-4-toluenesulfonamide,sodium salt
Z1172235461
Chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, sodium salt, n-; (Chloramine T) (see also SFV550)

1,1-(4-Methyl-1,3-Phenylene) Bis(3,3-Dimethylurea); N,N-(4-Methyl-1,3-Phenylene)bis[N,N-Dimethyl-Urea) cas no : 17526-94-2

Trans-butenedioic acid has a role as a food acidity regulator, a fundamental metabolite and a geroprotector.
Trans-butenedioic acid is the trans isomer of butenedioic acid, while maleic acid is the cis isomer.
Trans-butenedioic acid is a butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry.

CAS Number: 110-17-8
EC Number: 203-743-0
Chemical Formula: HOOCCHCHCOOH
Molar Mass: 116.07 g/mol

Trans-butenedioic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H.
A white solid, Trans-butenedioic acid occurs widely in nature.

Trans-butenedioic acid has a fruit-like taste and has been used as a food additive.
Trans-butenedioic acid E number is E297.

The salts and esters are known as fumarates.
Fumarate can also refer to the C4H2O2−4 ion (in solution).
Trans-butenedioic acid is the trans isomer of butenedioic acid, while maleic acid is the cis isomer.

Trans-butenedioic acid can be prepared by fermentation by employing Rhizopus species.
Recently, industrial-scale synthesis of Trans-butenedioic acid from renewable feedstocks and lignocellulosic biomass has been proposed

Trans-butenedioic acid is an organic compound (this means Trans-butenedioic acid consists of carbon).
The chemical formula of Trans-butenedioic acid is C4H4O4.

Trans-butenedioic acid is mostly found in Trans-butenedioic acid solid state and is white in color.
Trans-butenedioic acid has a fruit-like taste.

Trans-butenedioic acid is also known as Allomaleic acid.
Trans-butenedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid.

Trans-butenedioic acid is widely used as a food additive.
Even the human skin produces Trans-butenedioic acid when Trans-butenedioic acid is exposed to sunlight.

Trans-butenedioic acid is a by-product of the urea cycle in human beings.
The salts and esters of Trans-butenedioic acid are collectively known as fumarates.
Fumaric and maleic acids were discovered by Braconnet and by Vauquelin separately while they were performing the dry distillation of malic acid in the year 1817.

Trans-butenedioic acid appears as a colorless crystalline solid.
The primary hazard is the threat to the environment.

Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment.
Combustible, though may be difficult to ignite.
Trans-butenedioic acid is used to make paints and plastics, in food processing and preservation, and for other uses.

Trans-butenedioic acid is a butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry.
Trans-butenedioic acid is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.

Trans-butenedioic acid has a role as a food acidity regulator, a fundamental metabolite and a geroprotector.
Trans-butenedioic acid is a conjugate acid of a fumarate(1-).

Trans-butenedioic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Trans-butenedioic acid is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Trans-butenedioic acid or Fumaric acid, is a white crystalline chemical compound widely found in nature.
Trans-butenedioic acid is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle for organic acid biosynthesis in humans and other mammals.
Trans-butenedioic acid is also an essential ingredient in plant life.

When used as a food additive, the hydrophobic nature of Trans-butenedioic acid results in persistent, long lasting sourness and flavor impact.
The versatile compound also decreases the pH with minimal added sourness in products with pHs greater than 4.5.
Trans-butenedioic acid low molecular weight gives Trans-butenedioic acid more buffering capacity than other food acids at pHs near 3.O.

Because of Trans-butenedioic acid strength, less Trans-butenedioic acid is required when compared to other organic food acids, therefore reducing costs per unit weight.

Trans-butenedioic acid (C4H4O4) is an organic acid widely found in nature, and is a component of organic biosynthesis is humans.
Chemically, Trans-butenedioic acid is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid.

Trans-butenedioic acid exists as white or nearly white crystals, odorless with a very tart taste.
Trans-butenedioic acid is generally nontoxic and nonirritant.

Trans-butenedioic acid has been used in food and beverage products since the 1940s.
Food research shows that Trans-butenedioic acid can improve quality and reduce the costs of many food and beverage products.

Trans-butenedioic acid is non-hygroscopic (absorbs no moisture).
In the cosmetic industry, Trans-butenedioic acid is used as a bath salt cleaning agent for dentures.

Trans-butenedioic acid also is used in animal feeds.
Trans-butenedioic acid is used in oral pharmaceutical formulations and has been used clinically in the treatment of psoriasis.
Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) is the methyl ester of Trans-butenedioic acid, and was approved in 2013 for use in multiple sclerosis.

Trans-butenedioic acid is obtained from the transformation of maleic anhydride or maleic acid solutions resulting from the isomerization process (washing) of phthalic anhydride.
Trans-butenedioic acid application areas are unsaturated polyester resins, the acidifying animal feed and plasticized products.

Trans-butenedioic acid is an important specialty chemical with wide industrial applications ranging from Trans-butenedioic acid use as feedstock for the synthesis of polymeric resins to acidulant in foods and pharmaceuticals.
Currently, Trans-butenedioic acid is mainly produced by petroleum-based chemical synthesis.
Limited petroleum resources, rising oil prices, and heightened environmental concern of chemical synthesis have prompted interest in the development of bio-based Trans-butenedioic acid from renewable resources.

Filamentous fungal fermentation with Rhizopus spp can produce Trans-butenedioic acid from glucose via a reductive tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway and was once used in the industry before the rising of the petrochemical industry.
However, conventional Trans-butenedioic acid fermentation is expensive because of Trans-butenedioic acid low product yield and productivity.

Filamentous fungal fermentation is also difficult to operate because of Trans-butenedioic acid morphology.
Methods to control cell growth in the pellet form and to immobilize the mycelia in biofilm have been developed to improve fermentation performance.

Trans-butenedioic acid attenuates the eotaxin-1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts by suppressing p38 MAPK-dependent NF-Κb signaling.
Trans-butenedioic acid has recently been identified as an oncometabolite or an endogenous, cancer-causing metabolite.

High levels of this organic acid can be found in tumors or biofluids surrounding tumors.
Trans-butenedioic acid oncogenic action appears due to Trans-butenedioic acid ability to inhibit prolyl Hydroxylase-containing enzymes.

Trans-butenedioic acid (Fumarate, 2-Butenedioic acid, Fumaric acid) is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle used by cells to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from food; also a product of the urea cycle.

Trans-butenedioic acid is an organic compound with the formula (COOH)CH=CH(COOH).
A white solid, Trans-butenedioic acid occurs widely in nature.

Trans-butenedioic acid has a fruit-like taste and has been used as a food additive.
Trans-butenedioic acid E number is E297.

Trans-butenedioic acid is the trans isomer of butenedioic acid, while maleic acid is the cis isomer.

Trans-butenedioic acid is produced naturally in eukaryotic organisms from succinate in complex 2 of the electron transport chain via the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, which is involved in ATP production.
The food grade product can be obtained by chemical synthesis or by biosynthesis.
Trans-butenedioic acid is used for controlling malolactic fermentation in wines under conditions stipulated by regulation.

Production by chemical synthesis is the most common:
Trans-butenedioic acid involves the isomerisation of maleic acid obtained from the hydrolysis of maleic anhydride, produced from the oxidation of butane or benzene. Production by biosynthesis, which is more sustainable, should develop rapidly.
Trans-butenedioic acid involves the fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae, in particular, of agri-food residues (e.g. from apples).

The Trans-butenedioic acid is prepared in solution in a volume of wine before incorporation.

Applications of Trans-butenedioic acid:
Trans-butenedioic acid has been used as a standard for the quantitative determination of phenolic compounds in nettle samples by HPLC.
Trans-butenedioic acid may be used in the preparation of L-Lysine-Trans-butenedioic acid crystals.
Trans-butenedioic acid may also be employed for the industrial manufacture of synthetic resins and eco-friendly/biodegradable polymers.

When used in wine, Trans-butenedioic acid enables you to control malolactic fermentation.
In fact, when added at an early stage after the end of alcoholic fermentation (fructose/glucose under 1 g/L), Trans-butenedioic acid blocks all malolactic fermentation.

Added during malolactic fermentation, Trans-butenedioic acid allows the fermentation to be partially completed.
Trans-butenedioic acid is a tool of great interest when you wish to limit [the use of SO2] or make wines without SO2.

Uses of Trans-butenedioic acid:
The esters of Trans-butenedioic acid are used for the treatment of psoriasis due to the antioxidants and anti-inflammation properties.
Trans-butenedioic acid is used as a food additive.

Trans-butenedioic acid helps preserve the taste and quality of the food products due to the low water absorption capacity of the Trans-butenedioic acid.
Trans-butenedioic acid is used by pharmacies to produce ferrous fumarate and alexipharmic.
Trans-butenedioic acid is used in the production of Tartaric acid.

Trans-butenedioic acid is related to malic acid, and, like malic acid, Trans-butenedioic acid is involved in the production of energy (in the form of adenosine triphosphate [ATP]) from food.

Trans-butenedioic acid is an essential biochemical in the cellular respiration of plants and animals.
Trans-butenedioic acid is used as a fortifier (paper size resins, unsaturated polyester resins, and alkyd surface coating resins), food antioxidant, dye mordant, and medication.

Trans-butenedioic acid is also used in dentifrices (stain remover) and to make other chemicals.
Trans-butenedioic acid is used in rosin esters and adducts, drying oils, printing inks, and foods (acidulant and flavoring agent).

Trans-butenedioic acid is used primarily in liquid pharmaceutical preparations as an acidulant and flavoring agent.
Trans-butenedioic acid may be included as the acid part of effervescent tablet formulations, although this use is limited as Trans-butenedioic acid has an extremely low solubility in water.

Trans-butenedioic acid is also used as a chelating agent which exhibits synergism when used in combination with other true antioxidants.
In the design of novel pelletized formulations manufactured by extrusion-spheronization, Trans-butenedioic acid was used to aid spheronization, favoring the production of fine pellets.

Trans-butenedioic acid has also been investigated as an alternative filler to lactose in pellets.
Trans-butenedioic acid has been investigated as a lubricant for effervescent tablets, and copolymers of Trans-butenedioic acid and sebacic acid have been investigated as bioadhesive microspheres.

Trans-butenedioic acid has also been used in film-coated pellet formulations as an acidifying agent and also to increase drug solubility.
Trans-butenedioic acid is also used as a food additive at concentrations up to 3600 ppm, and as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin disorders.

Trans-butenedioic acid is naturally produced by the body, however for industrial applications Trans-butenedioic acid is synthesized chemically.
Trans-butenedioic acid is used to impart a tart taste to processed foods.

Trans-butenedioic acid is also used as an antifungal agent in boxed foods such as cake mixes and flours, as well as tortillas.
Trans-butenedioic acid is also added to bread to increase the porosity of the final baked product.

Trans-butenedioic acid is used to impart a sour taste to sourdough and rye bread.
In cake mixes, Trans-butenedioic acid is used to maintain a low pH and prevent clumping of the flours used in the mix.

In fruit drinks, Trans-butenedioic acid is used to maintain a low pH which, in turn, helps to stabilize flavor and color.
Trans-butenedioic acid also prevents the growth of E. coli in beverages when used in combination with sodium benzoate.

When added to wines, Trans-butenedioic acid helps to prevent further fermentation and yet maintain low pH and eliminate traces of metallic elements.
In this fashion, Trans-butenedioic acid helps to stabilize the taste of wine.

Trans-butenedioic acid can also be added to dairy products, sports drinks, jams, jellies and candies.
Trans-butenedioic acid helps to break down bonds between gluten proteins in wheat and helps to create a more pliable dough.
Trans-butenedioic acid is used in paper sizing, printer toner, and polyester resin for making molded walls.

Food:
Trans-butenedioic acid has been used as a food acidulant since 1946.
Trans-butenedioic acid is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, USA and Australia and New Zealand.

As a food additive, Trans-butenedioic acid is used as an acidity regulator and can be denoted by the E number E297.
Trans-butenedioic acid is generally used in beverages and baking powders for which requirements are placed on purity.

Trans-butenedioic acid is used in the making of wheat tortillas as a food preservative and as the acid in leavening.
Trans-butenedioic acid is generally used as a substitute for tartaric acid and occasionally in place of citric acid, at a rate of 1 g of Trans-butenedioic acid to every ~1.5 g of citric acid, in order to add sourness, similarly to the way malic acid is used.
As well as being a component of some artificial vinegar flavors, such as "Salt and Vinegar" flavored potato chips, Trans-butenedioic acid is also used as a coagulant in stove-top pudding mixes.

The European Commission Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition, part of DG Health, found in 2014 that Trans-butenedioic acid is "practically non-toxic" but high doses are probably nephrotoxic after long-term use.

Medicine:
Trans-butenedioic acid was developed as a medicine to treat the autoimmune condition psoriasis in the 1950s in Germany as a tablet containing 3 esters, primarily dimethyl fumarate, and marketed as Fumaderm by Biogen Idec in Europe.
Biogen would later go on to develop the main ester, dimethyl fumarate, as a treatment for multiple sclerosis.

In patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, the ester dimethyl fumarate (BG-12, Biogen) significantly reduced relapse and disability progression in a phase 3 trial.
Trans-butenedioic acid activates the Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway, the primary cellular defense against the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Trans-butenedioic acid is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, adhesives and sealants, plant protection products, inks and toners and pH regulators and water treatment products. Trans-butenedioic acid is used in the following areas: scientific research and development, building & construction work and agriculture, forestry and fishing. Trans-butenedioic acid is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles, furniture and electrical, electronic and optical equipment. Release to the environment of Trans-butenedioic acid can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates). Other release to the environment of Trans-butenedioic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Uses at industrial sites:
Trans-butenedioic acid is used in the following products: polymers, adhesives and sealants, coating products, pharmaceuticals, inks and toners and laboratory chemicals.
Trans-butenedioic acid has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Trans-butenedioic acid is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and scientific research and development.
Trans-butenedioic acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Trans-butenedioic acid can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Intermediates
Monomers
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Processing aids not otherwise specified
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Surface active agents
Waterproofing agent

Consumer Uses:
Trans-butenedioic acid is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, inks and toners and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Trans-butenedioic acid is likely to occur from: outdoor use and indoor use as processing aid.

Other Consumer Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Flavoring and nutrient
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)

Therapeutic Uses:
Trans-butenedioic acid is used in oral pharmaceutical formulations and food products, and is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material.

Trans-butenedioic acid preparations are used as long term and effective treatment of psoriasis.

Trans-butenedioic acid and Trans-butenedioic acid esters (FAE) are already in use for treatment of psoriasis and are known to have an immunomodulatory effect.
A phase II clinical study in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients with the modified Trans-butenedioic acid ester BG-12 showed as "proof of principle" in a frequent MRI design that FAE significantly reduce the number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions after 24 weeks of treatment.
Further phase III studies have been started to explore the long-term efficacy of this substance.

Oral treatment of psoriasis on an outpatient basis, using a preparation containing Trans-butenedioic acid derivatives, was evaluated as initial monotherapy (3 months) and as long-term basic therapy (12-14 months) in 13 and 11 patients, respectively.
The course of the disease was analysed in each individual case.

After completion of both parts of the trial, half of the patients that had only responded poorly to conventional antipsoriatic therapy showed a significant improvement which occurred after several weeks of treatment.
In 4 patients the medication had to be stopped because of abdominal pain.

No severe side effects, particularly of renal, hepatic or hematological nature, could be established.
Studies in mice and rats disclosed only a low acute toxicity of the Trans-butenedioic acid derivatives used.

In additional analyses, hypotheses were dealt with concerning the mechanism of action of Trans-butenedioic acid in psoriasis.
To establish Trans-butenedioic acid derivatives in the treatment of psoriasis, studies on chronic toxicity and pharmacokinetics will have to be conducted.
Further clinical trials should evaluate a single Trans-butenedioic acid derivative instead of mixtures.

Other uses:
Trans-butenedioic acid is used in the manufacture of polyester resins and polyhydric alcohols and as a mordant for dyes.
When Trans-butenedioic acid is added to their feed, lambs produce up to 70% less methane during digestion.

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Pulp and Paper Processing
Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides)
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Typical Properties of Trans-butenedioic acid:

Physical Properties:
Trans-butenedioic acid mostly appears as a white-colored solid.
Trans-butenedioic acid has a fruit-like odor.

The molecular weight of Trans-butenedioic acid is 116 amu.
Trans-butenedioic acid is Combustible but Trans-butenedioic acid is difficult to start a fire.

Trans-butenedioic acid undergoes sublimation at 200 C.
The melting point of Trans-butenedioic acid is 572 to 576 °F.

Chemical Properties:
Trans-butenedioic acid is soluble in ethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid.
Trans-butenedioic acid is soluble in alcohol but is insoluble in benzene, water, and chloroform.

The capacity to absorb atmospheric moisture is very less.
The pH of Trans-butenedioic acid is 3.19
When Trans-butenedioic acid is heated in presence of Bayers reagent Trans-butenedioic acid gives rise to Racemic Tartaric Acid.

Characteristics of Trans-butenedioic acid:
One of Trans-butenedioic acid properties is to inhibit or block malolactic fermentation at a certain concentration.
Trans-butenedioic acid is therefore a tool of choice to limit the use of the SO2 previously used for this purpose.

Synthesis and Reactions of Trans-butenedioic acid:
Trans-butenedioic acid was first prepared from succinic acid.
A traditional synthesis involves oxidation of furfural (from the processing of maize) using chlorate in the presence of a vanadium-based catalyst.

Currently, industrial synthesis of Trans-butenedioic acid is mostly based on catalytic isomerisation of maleic acid in aqueous solutions at low pH.
Maleic acid is accessible in large volumes as a hydrolysis product of maleic anhydride, produced by catalytic oxidation of benzene or butane.

The chemical properties of Trans-butenedioic acid can be anticipated from Trans-butenedioic acid component functional groups.
This weak acid forms a diester, Trans-butenedioic acid undergoes additions across the double bond, and Trans-butenedioic acid is an excellent dienophile.

Trans-butenedioic acid does not combust in a bomb calorimeter under conditions where maleic acid deflagrates smoothly.
For teaching experiments designed to measure the difference in energy between the cis- and trans- isomers, a measured quantity of carbon can be ground with the subject compound and the enthalpy of combustion computed by difference.

Formula of Trans-butenedioic acid:
The Trans-butenedioic acid formula, also named as Allomaleic acid formula is discussed in this article.
Trans-butenedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid and a conjugate acid of fumarate.
The molecular or chemical formula of Trans-butenedioic acid is C4H4O4.

Trans-butenedioic acid is a precursor to L-malate in the TCA cycle.
Trans-butenedioic acid is generated by oxidizing succinic acid using succinate dehydrogenase.

Fumarate is converted to malate by the enzyme fumarase.
High levels of Allomaleic acid is present in biofluids surrounding tumours or inside the tumours.

Manufacturing Methods of Trans-butenedioic acid:
Commercially, Trans-butenedioic acid may be prepared from glucose by the action of fungi such as Rhizopus nigricans, as a by-product in the manufacture of maleic and phthalic anhydrides, and by the isomerization of maleic acid using heat or a catalyst.
On the laboratory scale, Trans-butenedioic acid can be prepared by the oxidation of furfural with sodium chlorate in the presence of vanadium pentoxide.

Maleic acid or maleic anhydride, especially the maleic acid-containing wash water from the production of maleic anhydride or phthalic anhydride, serves as starting material for the manufacture of Trans-butenedioic acid.
The maleic acid concentration should be at least 30%.

Maleic acid is converted almost quantitatively by thermal or catalytic isomerization into the sparingly soluble Trans-butenedioic acid, which is recovered by filtration.
Various substances have been proposed as catalysts: mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid); sulfur compounds such as thiocyanates, thiazoles, thiosemicarbazides, thioureas; or bromine compounds in combination with peroxides (e.g., persulfate).

Thiourea is most commonly used in practice.
The maleic acid-containing wash water contains impurities that can affect quality and yield.

This problem can be largely avoided (1) by thermal pretreatment of the wash water, (2) by adding urea if thiourea is used as catalyst, and (3) by addition of sulfites or passaged of sulfur dioxide and addition of mineral acids.
The crude Trans-butenedioic acid obtained is purified by recrystallization from water, combined with purification by active charcoal.
Losses during purification are about 10%.

General Manufacturing Information of Trans-butenedioic acid:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Coating Materials Manufacturing
Construction
Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing

Human Metabolite Information of Trans-butenedioic acid:

Tissue Locations:
Placenta
Prostate

Cellular Locations:
Extracellular
Membrane
Mitochondria

Biosynthesis and Occurrence of Trans-butenedioic acid:
Trans-butenedioic acid is produced in eukaryotic organisms from succinate in complex 2 of the electron transport chain via the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase.
Trans-butenedioic acid is one of two isomeric unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, the other being maleic acid.
In Trans-butenedioic acid the carboxylic acid groups are trans (E) and in maleic acid they are cis (Z).

Trans-butenedioic acid is found in fumitory (Fumaria officinalis), bolete mushrooms (specifically Boletus fomentarius var. pseudo-igniarius), lichen, and Iceland moss.

Fumarate is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle used by cells to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from food.
Trans-butenedioic acid is formed by the oxidation of succinate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase.
Fumarate is then converted by the enzyme fumarase to malate.

Human skin naturally produces Trans-butenedioic acid when exposed to sunlight.
Fumarate is also a product of the urea cycle.

Handling and storage of Trans-butenedioic acid:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 11: Combustible Solids

Stability and Reactivity of Trans-butenedioic acid:

Reactivity
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Trans-butenedioic acid is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Violent reactions possible with:
Oxidizing agents
Bases
Reducing agents
Amines

Conditions to avoid:
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
No data available

Safety of Trans-butenedioic acid:
Trans-butenedioic acid is "practically non-toxic" but high doses are probably nephrotoxic after long-term use.

First Aid Measures of Trans-butenedioic acid:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Trans-butenedioic acid:
Use water spray, dry powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fire Fighting Procedures:

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Solid streams of water may spread fire.

Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.
Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Use foam, dry chemicals, or carbon dioxide.

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Special protective equipment for fire-fighters:
Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Accidental release measures of Trans-butenedioic acid:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid inhalation of dusts.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Identifiers of Trans-butenedioic acid:
CAS Number: 110-17-8
Beilstein Reference: 605763
ChEBI: CHEBI:18012
ChEMBL: ChEMBL503160
ChemSpider: 10197150
DrugBank: DB04299
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.404
EC Number: 203-743-0
E number: E297 (preservatives)
Gmelin Reference: 49855
KEGG: C00122
PubChem CID: 444972
RTECS number: LS9625000
UNII: 88XHZ13131
UN number: 9126
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3021518
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H4O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b2-1+
Key: VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N
InChI=1/C4H4O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b2-1+
Key: VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDBF
SMILES: C(=C/C(=O)O)\C(=O)O

CAS number: 110-17-8
EC index number: 607-146-00-X
EC number: 203-743-0
Grade: ChP,NF,JPE
Hill Formula: C₄H₄O₄
Chemical formula: HOOCCHCHCOOH
Molar Mass: 116.07 g/mol
HS Code: 2917 19 80

Synonym(s): (2E)-2-Butenedioic acid, Trans-butenedioic acid
Linear Formula: HOOCCH=CHCOOH
CAS Number: 110-17-8
Molecular Weight: 116.07
Beilstein: 605763
EC Number: 203-743-0
MDL number: MFCD00002700
eCl@ss: 39021709
PubChem Substance ID: 329757345
NACRES: NA.21

Properties of Trans-butenedioic acid:
Chemical formula: C4H4O4
Molar mass: 116.072 g·mol−1
Appearance: White solid
Density: 1.635 g/cm3
Melting point: 287 °C (549 °F; 560 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: 4.9 g/L at 20 °C
Acidity (pKa): pka1 = 3.03, pka2 = 4.44 (15 °C, cis isomer)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −49.11·10−6 cm3/mol
Dipole moment: non zero

vapor pressure: 1.7 mmHg ( 165 °C)
Quality Level: 200
grade: purum
Assay: ≥99.0% (T)
form: powder
autoignition temp.: 1364 °F
expl. lim.: 40 %
mp: 298-300 °C (subl.) (lit.)
solubility: 95% ethanol: soluble 0.46 g/10 mL, clear, colorless
SMILES string: OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C4H4O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b2-1+
InChI key: VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N

Boiling point: 290 °C (1013 hPa) (sublimed)
Density: 1.64 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 273 °C
Ignition temperature: 375 °C
Melting Point: 287 °C
pH value: 2.1 (4.9 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: <0.001 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 4.9 g/l

Molecular Weight: 116.07 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 116.01095860 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 116.01095860 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 119
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Trans-butenedioic acid:
Assay (calc. on anhydrous substance): 99.5 - 100.5 %
Assay (HPLC; calc. on anhydrous substance): 98.0 - 102.0 %
Identity (IR): passes test
Identity (JPE 1): passes test
Identity (JPE 2/ChP 1): passes test
Identity (JPE 3): passes test
Identity (HPLC): passes test
Appearance of solution: passes test
Sulfate (SO₄): ≤ 0.010 %
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 10 ppm
As (Arsenic): ≤ 2 ppm
Malic acid (HPLC) (NF): ≤ 1.5 %
Maleic acid (HPLC) (NF): ≤ 0.1 %
Maleic acid (HPLC) (JPE): passes test
Maleic acid (HPLC) (ChP): ≤ 0.1 %
Any individual unspecified impurity (HPLC): ≤ 0.1 %
Sum of all impurities (HPLC): ≤ 0.2 %
Residual solvents (ICH Q3C): excluded by production process
Water (K. F.): ≤ 0.5 %
Sulfated ash: ≤ 0.05 %

Related Products of Trans-butenedioic acid:
Telaglenastat (CB-839)New
Setanaxib (GKT137831)New
LB-100New
Puromycin 2HCl
Cyclosporin A
Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate
Ganciclovir
Calcitriol
Ribavirin (ICN-1229)
BAPTA-AM

Related Compounds of Trans-butenedioic acid:
Fumaryl chloride
Fumaronitrile
Dimethyl fumarate
Ammonium fumarate
Iron(II) fumarate

Related carboxylic acids:
Maleic acid
Succinic acid
Crotonic acid

Names of Fumaric acid:

Regulatory process names:
Fumaric acid
Fumaric acid
fumaric acid

Translated names:
acide fumarique (fr)
acido fumarico (it)
Fumaarhape (et)
Fumaarihappo (fi)
fumaarzuur (nl)
fumarna kiselina (hr)
fumarna kislina (sl)
fumaro rūgštis (lt)
fumarová kyselina (cs)
fumarsyra (sv)
fumarsyre (da)
fumarsyre (no)
Fumarsäure (de)
fumársav (hu)
fumārskābe (lv)
kyselina fumarová (sk)
ácido fumárico (es)
ácido fumárico (pt)
φουμαρικό οξύ (el)
фумарова киселина (bg)

IUPAC names:
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid
(E) but-2-enedioic acid
(E)-but-2-enedioic acid
(E)-Butenedioic acid
1,2-ethylene dicarboxylic acid
2-BUTENEDIOIC ACID
2-Butenedioic acid (2E)-Fumaric acid
2-Butenedioic acid, E-
acide fumarique
But-2-enedioic acid
but-2-enedioic acid
E-butenedioic Acid
FA Flakes
FUMARIC ACID
Fumaric Acid
Fumaric acid
fumaric acid
Fumaric Acid
Fumaric acid
fumaric acid
fumaric acid ,Butenedioic acid , Allomaleic acid , Boletic acid , Donitic acid , Lichenic acid
Fumarsäure
trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic
trans-2-Butenedioïc acid
trans-Butendisäure
Trans-Butenedioic Acid

Preferred IUPAC name:
(2E)-But-2-enedioic acid

Trade names:
(E)-2-Butenedioic acid
1,2-ethylene dicarboxylic acid
Allomaleic acid
Boletic acid
Butenedioic acid, (E)-
Fumaric Acid
trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid
TRANS-BUTENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID

Other names:
Fumaric acid
trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid
2-Butenedioic acid
trans-Butenedioic acid
Allomaleic acid
Boletic acid
Donitic acid
Lichenic acid

Other identifiers:
110-17-8
607-146-00-X
623158-97-4
909873-99-0

Synonyms of Trans-butenedioic acid:
fumaric acid
110-17-8
2-Butenedioic acid
trans-Butenedioic acid
Allomaleic acid
fumarate
Lichenic acid
Boletic acid
Tumaric acid
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid
trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid
Allomalenic acid
But-2-enedioic acid
trans-2-Butenedioic acid
(E)-2-Butenedioic acid
Fumaricum acidum
2-Butenedioic acid, (E)-
Kyselina fumarova
Butenedioic acid
2-Butenedioic acid (E)-
USAF EK-P-583
Butenedioic acid, (E)-
FEMA No. 2488
(2E)-2-butenedioic acid
Caswell No. 465E
FEMA Number 2488
NSC-2752
Fumarsaeure
Allomaleic-acid
Boletic-acid
Lichenic acid (VAN)
2-Butenedioic acid (2E)-
1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid, (E)
CCRIS 1039
HSDB 710
2-(E)-Butenedioic acid
Kyselina fumarova [Czech]
trans-but-2-enedioic acid
(E)-but-2-enedioic acid
U-1149
ammonium fumarate
(E)-Butenedioic acid
1,2-Ethenedicarboxylic acid, trans-
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051201
AI3-24236
6915-18-0
EINECS 203-743-0
fumarate, 10
BRN 0605763
Fumaric acid (NF)
Fumaric acid [NF]
INS NO.297
DTXSID3021518
UNII-88XHZ13131
CHEBI:18012
E-2-Butenedioic acid
Fumaric acid (8CI)
INS-297
NSC2752
ethylenedicarboxylic acid
FC 33 (acid)
88XHZ13131
E297
DTXCID601518
Maleic acid-2,3-13C2
E-297
2(TRANS)-BUTENEDIOIC ACID
EC 203-743-0
4-02-00-02202 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
fum
Maleic-2,3-d2 acid
F0067
FUMARIC ACID (II)
FUMARIC ACID [II]
(E)-2-Butenedioate
Fumaric acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile:Water
FUMARIC ACID (MART.)
FUMARIC ACID [MART.]
FUMARIC ACID (USP-RS)
FUMARIC ACID [USP-RS]
(2E)-but-2-enedioate
FUMARIC ACID (USP IMPURITY)
FUMARIC ACID [USP IMPURITY]
Donitic acid
but-2-enedioicacid
CAS-110-17-8
trans-1,2-Ethenedicarboxylic acid
MALIC ACID IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY)
MALIC ACID IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
(E)-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid
trans-1,2-Ethylenediccarboxylic acid
SODIUM AUROTHIOMALATE IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
SODIUM AUROTHIOMALATE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
fumarsaure
Allomaleate
Boletate
Lichenate
Acide fumarique
Acido lichenico
fumeric acid
Acido boletico
Acido fumarico
Acidum fumaricum
Acido allomaleico
trans-Butenedioate
NCGC00091192-02
24461-33-4
26099-09-2
Fumaric Acid,(S)
MFCD00002700
trans-2-Butendisaure
trans-2-Butenedioate
2-(E)-Butenedioate
Fumaric acid, 99%
Acido trans butendioico
FUM (CHRIS Code)
trans-Ethylendicarbonsaure
(Trans)-butenedioic acid
Fumaric acid, >=99%
FEMA Number: 2488
bmse000083
D03GOO
FUMARIC ACID [MI]
WLN: QV1U1VQ-T
FUMARIC ACID [FCC]
Futrans-2-Butenedioic Acid
SCHEMBL1177
FUMARIC ACID [FHFI]
FUMARIC ACID [HSDB]
FUMARIC ACID [INCI]
FUMARIC ACID [VANDF]
MLS002454406
1,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid
2-butenedioic acid, (2E)-
(2E)-2-Butenedioic acid #
S04-0167
FUMARIC ACID [WHO-DD]
CHEMBL503160
FUMARICUM ACIDUM [HPUS]
trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylate
BDBM26122
CHEBI:22958
2-Butenedioic acid (2E-(9CI)
HMS2270C12
Pharmakon1600-01301022
Fumaric acid, >=99.0% (T)
AMY30339
STR02646
Acido trans 1,2-etenedicarbossilico
Tox21_201769
Tox21_302826
2-Butenedioic acid (2E)- (9CI)
Acido trans 1,2-etilendicarbossilico
Fumaric acid, >=99%, FCC, FG
LS-500
NA9126
NSC760395
s4952
AKOS000118896
Fumaric acid, qNMR Standard for DMSO
CCG-266065
CS-W016599
DB01677
HY-W015883
NSC-760395
OR17920
USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 051201
NCGC00091192-01
NCGC00091192-03
NCGC00256360-01
NCGC00259318-01
BP-13087
Fumaric acid, tested according to USP/NF
SMR000112117
Fumaric acid, puriss., >=99.5% (T)
EN300-17996
Fumaric acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%
1, (E)
C00122
D02308
D85166
Q139857
Fumaric acid, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture
J-002389
Fumarate; 2-Butenedioic acid; Trans-Butenedioic acid
Z57127460
F8886-8257
Fumaric acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
26B3632D-E93F-4655-90B0-3C17855294BA
Fumaric acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), >=99%
Fumaric acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Fumaric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Fumaric Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
623158-97-4
Fumaric acid [Wiki]
(2E)-2-Butendisäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
(2E)-2-Butenedioic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name]
(2E)-But-2-enedioic acid
(E)-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid
(E)-2-Butenedioic acid
(E)-Butenedioic acid
1,2-Ethenedicarboxylic acid, trans-
110-17-8 [RN]
203-743-0 [EINECS]
2-Butenedioic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Butenedioic acid (2E)-
2-Butenedioic acid, (2E)- [ACD/Index Name]
2-Butenedioic acid, (E)-
605763 [Beilstein]
Acide (2E)-2-butènedioïque [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Acidum fumaricum
Butenedioic acid, (E)-
E-2-Butenedioic acid
MFCD00002700 [MDL number]
trans-1,2-ethenedicarboxylic acid
trans-1,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid
TRANS-2-BUTENEDIOIC ACID
trans-but-2-enedioic acid
trans-Butenedioic acid
(2E)-But-2-enedioate
(E)-2-Butenedioate
(E)-but-2-enedioate
(E)-but-2-enedioic acid
(E)-HO2CCH=CHCO2H
1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid, (E)
2-(E)-Butenedioate
2-(E)-Butenedioic acid
2-Butenedioic acid (E)-
4-02-00-02202 [Beilstein]
605762 [Beilstein]
Allomalenic acid
Boletate
Boletic acid
cis-Butenedioic acid
Fumaric acidmissing
Fumaricum acidum
Fumarsaeure
Kyselina fumarova [Czech]
Lichenate
Lichenic acid (VAN)
phenanthrene-9,10-dione
phenanthrene-9,10-dione;9,10-Phenanthraquinone
QV1U1VQ-T [WLN]
STR02646
trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylate
trans-1,2-Ethylentricarboxylic acid
trans-2-Butenedioate
trans-Butenedioate
延胡索酸 [Chinese]

SYNONYMS 1,2,3-Propanetriyl triacetate; Enzactin; Fungacetin; Glycerin triacetate; Triacetylglycerol; Glycerol triacetate; Glyceryl triacetate; Glyped; Kesscoflex TRA; Triacetine; Vanay; Glycerol triacetate CAS NO. 102-76-1

DESCRIPTION:
Triacetin, is the organic compound with the formula C3H5(OCOCH3)3.
Triacetin is classified as a triglyceride, i.e., the triester of glycerol.
Triacetin is a colorless, viscous, and odorless liquid with a high boiling point and a low melting point.

CAS Number: 102-76-1
EC Number: 203-051-9
Systematic IUPAC name: Propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate
Formula: C9H14O6


Triacetin has a mild, sweet taste in concentrations lower than 500 ppm, but may appear bitter at higher concentrations.
Triacetin is one of the glycerine acetate compounds.
Triacetin is a triglyceride, a type of lipid formed from glycerol and three fatty acids.

Triacetin is used in cosmetics as a solvent, preservative and texture enhancer.
Triacetin works to help dissolve and dilute substances, creating a consistent formulation.

Beyond this, Triacetin assists in extending a product’s shelf life as a preservative, preventing the growth of unwanted substances within a product.
As a raw material, Triacetin appears as a colorless, viscous liquid.
Triacetin also has applications in the food industry.

Triacetin (glyceryl triacetate), Food Grade is used as an ingredient in many food and cosmetic products.
Its high solvency power and low volatility make triacetin a good solvent and fixative for many flavors and fragrances.
One of its main uses is as a plasticizer in chewing gum.

The United States Food and Drug Administration affirmed triacetin as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in human food.
Triacetin is also generally recognized as safe in animal feeds, as a pesticide adjuvant, and in food packaging.
Triacetin, Food Grade, meets all Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) specifications and is manufactured under good manufacturing practices (GMP).

Triacetin is an artificial chemical compound, commonly used as a food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518.
Triacetin is also a component of casting liquor with TG.

Triacetin can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.

In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, triacetin was listed as one of the 599 cigarette additives.
The triacetin is applied to the filter as a plasticizer.

Because Triacetin is in some sense the simplest possible fat, it is being considered a possible source of food energy in artificial food regeneration systems on long space missions.
Triacetin is believed to be safe to get over half of one's dietary energy from triacetin.

Triacetin, also known as Glyceryl Triacetate, is a cosmetic biocide, plasticizer, and solvent in cosmetic formulations, at concentrations ranging from 0.8% to 4.0%.
Triacetin is a commonly used carrier for flavors and fragrances.
Triacetin was affirmed as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) human food ingredient by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Triacetin is used as an inactive ingredient additive in some drug formulations.
Triacetin has been used as a plasticizer in the tests of acrylic polymer films for drug delivery.
Triacetin is not toxic to animals.
However, in one study, Triacetin caused erythema, slight edema, alopecia, and desquamation, and did cause some irritation in rabbit eyes.
Concentration of triacetin in consumer products is in the range of about 0.005-2 % for cosmetics, and has been reported to be as high as 15-33 % for one specific antifungal drug.
 

USES OF TRIACETIN:
Triacetin is a common food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518.
Triacetin is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical products, where it is used as a humectant, a plasticizer, and as a solvent.

Uses Areas:
• Solvent in Flavorings
• Chewing Gum
• Humectant
• Pharmaceuticals
• Plasticizer
• Fuel Additive
• Cosmetic Products

Triacetin or Glycerol Triacetate (C9H14O6 or C3H5(OCOCH3)3, 102-76-1 is a triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol.
Triacetin is commonly used as a food additive due to its humectant function, emulsification properties and anti fungal properties.

Triacetin is widely employed as an excipient in pharmaceutical products, where Triacetin is used as a humectant, a plasticizer and as a solvent.
Triacetin can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent in petrol and distillates, as well as to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.

Triacetin is used As a plasticizer and fragrance fixative, ink solvent, also used in medicine and dye synthesis.
Triacetin is used As a chromatographic fixative, solvent, toughener and fragrance fixative.

Triacetin is used as Humectants; carrier solvents; plasticizers; it can absorb carbon dioxide from the natural gas.
Triacetin is used In the production of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and dyes, plasticizers for cigarette filter rods, and so on.

Triacetin is used in cosmetics, casting, medicine, dyes and other industries.
This product is non-toxic, non-irritating.
As the substrate for the determination of lipase, perfume fixative, solvent, gas chromatographic fixative (maximum temperature of 85 ℃, solvent: methanol, chloroform), separation of gas and aldehyde analysis.

POTENTIAL USES OF TRIACETIN:
The plasticizing capabilities of triacetin have been utilized in the synthesis of a biodegradable phospholipid gel system for the dissemination of the cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX).
In the study, triacetin was combined with PTX, ethanol, a phospholipid and a medium chain triglyceride to form a gel-drug complex.
This complex was then injected directly into the cancer cells of glioma-bearing mice.
The gel slowly degraded and facilitated sustained release of PTX into the targeted glioma cells.

Triacetin can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.

Triacetin has been considered as a possible source of food energy in artificial food regeneration systems on long space missions.
Triacetin is believed to be safe to get over half of one's dietary energy from triacetin.

PRODUCTION OF TRIACETIN:
Triacetin can be derived from the esterification of glycerol and acetic acid.
After preheating glycerol to 50-60 ° C, add acetic acid, benzene and sulfuric acid.
Heat and stir for refluxing dehydration, and recycle the benzene.

Then add acetic anhydride for heating of 4h.
After cooling, the mixture was neutralized with 5% sodium carbonate to pH 7, and the crude layer was dried and the crude oil was dried with calcium chloride.
Distill under reduced pressure, collect the 128-131 ° C (0.93 kPa) fraction, namely glycerol triacetate.

SYNTHESIS OF TRIACETIN:
Triacetin was first prepared in 1854 by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.
Triacetin was prepared in the 19th century from glycerol and acetic acid.
Its synthesis from acetic anhydride and glycerol is simple and inexpensive.

3 (CH3CO)2O + 1 C3H5(OH)3 → 1 C3H5(OCOCH3)3 + 3 CH3CO2H
This synthesis has been conducted with catalytic sodium hydroxide and microwave irradiation to give a 99% yield of triacetin.
It has also been conducted with a cobalt(II) Salen complex catalyst supported by silicon dioxide and heated to 50 °C for 55 minutes to give a 99% yield of triacetin

LIST OF MEDICATIONS USING TRIACETIN:
Triacetin (C9H14O6), also known as glyceryl triacetate, is pharmaceutical excipient used in manufacturing of capsules and tablets, and has been used as a humectant, plasticizer, and solvent.
Triacetin is a liquid, and has been approved by the FDA as a food additive.
Triacetin is a water-soluble short-chain triglyceride that may also have a role as a parenteral nutrient according to animal studies.

Triacetin is also used in the perfume and cosmetic industries.
Triacetin is listed on the FDA Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) List.
According to the FDA, triacetin has been found to be non-toxic in long-term feeding tests in rats at levels that were several orders of magnitude greater than those to which consumers are exposed.

Additionally, in a toxicology report from 2002, triacetin and a group of related triglycerides did not represent a hazard to human health based on the anticipated daily intake of 7.8 mg/day/adult, and other available data.
One case of skin toxicity (allergic contact eczema) due to industrial use in cigarette filter production has been reported.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIACETIN:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIACETIN:
Chemical formula C9H14O6
Molar mass 218.205 g•mol−1
Appearance Oily liquid
Density 1.155 g/cm3
Melting point −78 °C (−108 °F; 195 K)
at 760 mmHg
Boiling point 259 °C (498 °F; 532 K)
at 760 mmHg
Solubility in water 6.1 g/100 mL
Solubility Miscible in EtOH
Soluble in C6H6, (C2H5)2O, acetone
Vapor pressure 0.051 Pa (11.09 °C)
0.267 Pa (25.12 °C)
2.08 Pa (45.05 °C)
ln(P/Pa)=22.819-4493/T(K)-807000/T(K)²
Refractive index (nD) 1.4301 (20 °C)
1.4294 (24.5 °C)
Viscosity 23 cP (20 °C)
Thermochemistry:
Heat capacity (C) 389 J/mol•K
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) 458.3 J/mol•K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) −1330.8 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) 4211.6 kJ/mol
Molecular Weight：218.20400
Exact Mass：218.20
EC Number：203-051-9
UNII：XHX3C3X673
ICSC Number：1203
NSC Number：757364|4796
DSSTox ID：DTXSID3026691
Color/Form：Colorless liquid|Colorless somewhat oily liquid
HScode：2915390090
PSA：78.90000
XLogP3：0.2
Appearance：Liquid
Density：1.1562 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point：-78 °C
Boiling Point：258-260 °C
Flash Point：148ºC
Refractive Index：1.429-1.433
Water Solubility：H2O: 64.0 g/L (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions：Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Vapor Pressure：0.0141mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density：7.52 (vs air)
Toxicity：LD50 i.v. in mice: 1600 ±81 mg/kg (Wretlind)
Flammability characteristics：Lower flammable limit: 1.0% by volume at 373 deg F (189 deg C)
Explosive limit：1.05%, 189°F
Odor：Slightly fatty odor
Taste：MILD, SWEET TASTE, BITTER ABOVE 0.05%
Henrys Law Constant：Henry's Law constant = 1.2X10-8 at 25 °C atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)
Experimental Properties：Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 8.5X10-12 cu cm/mole-sec at 25 °C (est)
Autoignition Temperature：812 °F (433 °C)|433 °C
Flammable Limits：Lower flammable limit: 1.0% by volume at 373 °F (189 °C)

Melting point 3 °C(lit.)
Boiling point 258-260 °C(lit.)
Density 1.16 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density 7.52 (vs air)
vapor pressure 0.00248 mm Hg @ 250C
FEMA 2007 | (TRI-)ACETIN
refractive index n25/D 1.429-1.431(lit.)
Flash point 300 °F
storage temp. Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility Soluble in water, miscible with ethanol (96 per cent) and toluene.
form Liquid
color Clear colorless
Odor Characteristic odour
explosive limit 1.05%, 189°F
Water Solubility 64.0 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck 14,9589


SYNONYMS OF TRIACETIN:
1,2,3-Propanetriol
1,2,3-triacetate
Acetin,tri-
1,2,3-Propanetriol,triacetate
Enzactin
Fungacetin
Glycerol triacetate
Glyceryl triacetate
Kesscoflex TRA
Triacetin
Triacetine
Triacetylglycerin
Vanay
Glycerin triacetate
Glyped;1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane
Estol 1581
Ujostabil
Triacetylglycerol
Priacetin 1580
Priacetin 1581
NSC 4796
Edenor GTA
DRA 150
Speziol GTA
Kollisolv GTA
Triacetin 1584
Triacetain glycerol
Captex 500;Alphacure 920
DAR 150
Edenor GTA Kosher
106C
GTA
2,3-Diacetyloxypropyl acetate
1,3-Bis(acetyloxy)propan-2-yl acetate
DRA-150
2102168-03-4
Triacetin [INN] [USP] [Wiki]
1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate
1,2,3-Propanetriol, triacetate [ACD/Index Name]
1,2,3-Propanetriyl triacetate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1,2,3-Propantriyl-triacetat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane
1,2,3-triacetylglycerol
102-76-1 [RN]
1VO1YOV1&1OV1 [WLN]
2,3-diacetyloxypropyl acetate
203-051-9 [EINECS]
AK3675000
glycerol triacetate
Glyceryl triacetate
MFCD00008716 [MDL number]
Propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate
Triacétate de 1,2,3-propanetriyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
triacetina [Spanish] [INN]
triacétine [French] [INN]
triacetinum [Latin] [INN]
XHX3C3X673
триацетин [Russian] [INN]
ثلاثي أسيتين [Arabic] [INN]
三醋汀 [Chinese] [INN]
[2-acetoxy-1-(acetoxymethyl)ethyl] acetate
1,2,3-PROPANETRIOL ACETATE
1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate, 9CI
1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1,2,3-triacetate
1,2,3-triacetyl-glycerol
1,2,3-triacetyl-sn-glycerol
1,3-bis(acetyloxy)propan-2-yl acetate
1,3-diacetyloxypropan-2-yl acetate
1,3-diacetyloxypropan-2-yl ethanoate
159510-46-0 [RN]
2-(acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate
2,3-diacetoxypropyl acetate
2-acetyloxy-1-(acetyloxymethyl)ethyl acetate
4-02-00-00253 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
acetic acid [2-acetoxy-1-(acetoxymethyl)ethyl] ester
Acetic, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester
Acetin, tri-
Blekin
BSPBio_002896
carbonic acid [4-[[2-[[(4-ethoxycarbonyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-oxomethyl]amino]ethylamino]-oxomethyl]-2-methoxyphenyl] ethyl ester
E 1518
E1518
E-1518
EINECS 203-051-9
Enzacetin
ENZACTIN [Trade name]
Enzactin (TN)
Estol 1581
Euzactin
FEMA 2007
Fungacet
Fungacetin
Glycerin triacetate
Glycerol triacetate (Triacetin)
Glycerol triacetate tributyrin
Glyceryl triacetate;Glyceryl triacetate;1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane
Glyped
IDI1_000740
Kesscoflex TRA
Kodaflex triacetin
Motisil
NCGC00091612-02
NCGC00091612-03
NCGC00091612-04
Pharmakon1600-01500585
SPECTRUM1500585
Spectrum5_001376
Tri-Acetin
TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE)
Triacetin (USP)
Triacetin (usp/inn)
Triacetin [inn]
Triacetin USP FCC EP Kosher Tech
Triacetin, 8CI, BAN, INN, USAN
triacetin, cp
Triacetin, GTA F.G (1,2,3-PROPANETRIOL TRIACETATE)
triacetin; triacetina; triacetine; triacetinum
Triacetina
Triacetina [INN-Spanish]
Triacetin-d5
Triacetine
triacétine
Triacetine [INN-French]
Triacetinum
Triacetinum [INN-Latin]
Triacetyl glycerin
Triacetyl glycerine
Triacetyl glycerol
triacetylglycerol
UNII:XHX3C3X673
UNII-XHX3C3X673
VANAY
WLN: 1VO1YOV1 & 1OV1

Triacetin (E1518) is an organic compound with the formula C3H5(OCOCH3)3.
Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless, oily substance with a faint greasy smell.
Its high solvency power and low volatility makes Triacetin (E1518) a good solvent and fixative for many flavors and fragrances.


CAS Number: 102-76-1
EC Number: 203-051-9
MDL number: MFCD00008716
E number: E1518 (additional chemicals)
Linear Formula: (CH3COOCH2)2CHOCOCH3
Molecular Formula: C9H14O6 / C3H5(OCOCH3)3


Triacetin (E1518) is obtained from acetic acid and glycerol.
Triacetin (E1518) is more generally known as glycerin triacetate.
Triacetin (E1518) is the triester of glycerol and acetic acid.


Triacetin (E1518) is an artificial chemical compound, commonly used as a food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518.
Triacetin (E1518) is also a component of casting liquor with TG.


In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, Triacetin (E1518) was listed as one of the 599 cigarette additives.
The Triacetin (E1518) is applied to the filter as a plasticizer.
Because Triacetin (E1518) is in some sense the simplest possible fat, it is being considered a possible source of food energy in artificial food regeneration systems on long space missions.


It is believed to be safe to get over half of one's dietary energy from Triacetin (E1518).
Triacetin (E1518) is commercially prepared from acetic acid and glycerol.
Triacetin (E1518) is non-toxic and non-irritating.


Triacetin (E1518), CAS No.102-76-1, food emulsifier, manufacturing process through chemical synthesis from glycerol and Acetic Acid, available as Clear transparent oily liquid.
Triacetin (E1518), also known as glyceryl triacetate, is pharmaceutical excipient used in manufacturing of capsules and tablets.


Triacetin (E1518) is the triester of glycerol and acetylating agents, such as acetic acid and acetic anhydride.
Triacetin (E1518) is a triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol.
Triacetin (E1518) derives from an acetic acid.


Triacetin (E1518) has a very faint, fruity odor.
Triacetin (E1518) has a mild, sweet taste that is bitter above 0.05%.
Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless liquid; slight fatty odor; bitter taste.


Triacetin (E1518) is slightly soluble in water; very soluble in alcohol, ether, and other organicsolvents.
Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slightly fatty odor.
Triacetin (E1518) is a triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol.


Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless, oily substance with a faint greasy smell.
The triglyceride 1,2,3-triacetoxypropane is more generally known as Triacetin (E1518) and glycerin triacetate.
Triacetin (E1518) is the triester of glycerol and acetylating agents, such as acetic acid and acetic anhydride.


Triacetin (E1518) is a colourless, viscous and odorless liquid with a high boiling point.
Triacetin (E1518) was first prepared in 1854 by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.
Triacetin (E1518) is a glyceryl triacetate.


Triacetin (E1518) has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topic.
Triacetin (E1518) is a good solubilizer for insoluble ingredients and a fragrance fixative or carrier in perfume.
Triacetin (E1518) has low volatility and color, high solvent power, and low toxicity.


Triacetin (E1518) is a triester of glycerin and acetic acid, a food-grade ingredient used as a solvent and carrier in pharmaceutical preparations and as a solvent and fixative in the compounding of perfumes and flavors.
Triacetin (E1518) is a triester formed by the combination of glycerol and acetic acid.


This colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic liquid, Triacetin (E1518), possesses a pleasant sweet taste.
Triacetin (E1518) finds extensive use as a plasticizer and solvent across various applications, including the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.


Triacetin (E1518) acts as a plasticizer.
Triacetin (E1518) is a clear liquid, free of suspended matter with a slight odor.
Its high solvency power and low volatility makes Triacetin (E1518) a good solvent and fixative for many flavors and fragrances.


Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless, oily liquid of slight fatty odor and bitter taste.
Triacetin (E1518) is soluble with water and is miscible with alcohol and ether.
Triacetin (E1518) functions in foods as a humectant and solvent.


Triacetin (E1518) is a triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol.
Triacetin (E1518) is a triester of glycerin and acetic acid that occurs naturally in papaya.
The United States Food and Drug Administration affirmed Triacetin (E1518) as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in human food.


Triacetin (E1518) is also generally recognized as safe in animal feeds, as a pesticide adjuvant, and in food packaging.
Triacetin (E1518) is a liquid, and has been approved by the FDA as a food additive.
Triacetin (E1518) is a water-soluble short-chain triglyceride that may also have a role as a parenteral nutrient according to animal studies.


Triacetin (E1518) is the organic compound with the formula C3H5(OCOCH3)3.
Triacetin (E1518) is classified as a triglyceride, i.e., the triester of glycerol with acetic acid.
Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless, viscous, and odorless liquid with a high boiling point and a low melting point.


Triacetin (E1518) has a mild, sweet taste in concentrations lower than 500 ppm, but may appear bitter at higher concentrations.
Triacetin (E1518) is one of the glycerine acetate compounds.
Triacetin (E1518) is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera with data available.


Triacetin (E1518) is a triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.
Triacetin (E1518) is a triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol.
Triacetin (E1518) has been considered as a possible source of food energy in artificial food regeneration systems on long space missions.


It is believed to be safe to get over half of one's dietary energy from Triacetin (E1518).
Triacetin (E1518) is an organic compound with the formula C3H5(OCOCH3)3.
Triacetin (E1518) is classified as a triglyceride, i.e., the triester of glycerol.


Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless, viscous, and odorless liquid with a high boiling point and a low melting point.
Triacetin (E1518) has a mild, sweet taste in concentrations lower than 500 ppm, but may appear bitter at higher concentrations
Triacetin (E1518) is one of the glycerine acetate compounds


Triacetin (E1518) is listed on the FDA Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) List.
Triacetin (E1518) is a triacetin compound that is used in the production of glycerol and glycerin.
The water vapor-resistant nature of Triacetin (E1518) makes it an excellent candidate for use in projects where water vapor may be present.


Triacetin (E1518) is also known as triacetin, and it appears as a clear colorless oily liquid.
Triacetin (E1518) is a trihydric alcohol; the term “glycerol” generally applies only to the pure chemical compound 1,2,3-propanetriol, while the term “glycerine” applies to the purified commercial products normally containing more than 99,5% of glycerol.


Triacetin (E1518) is the triester of glycerol.
Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless, viscous and odorless liquid at room temperature.
Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless, oily liquids with a sweet, creamy and fruity taste.


Triacetin (E1518) is a natural ingredient from papayas.
Triacetin (E1518) is also a Fungicide and a fragrance and flavor solvent.
Triacetin (E1518) is affirmed by US FDA as GRAS(generally recognized as safe) and widely accepted as safe food additive in many countries with E number E1518.


Triacetin (E1518) is a short-chain triglyceride, also known as glyceryl triacetate, which is obtained by a chemical process of acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol.
Glyceryl triacetate, also known as triacetin, is the triester of glycerol and acetic acid.


Triacetin (E1518) is a synthetic compound that produces a clear, combustible, and oily liquid with a bitter taste that is used as a food additive with E number E1518.
Triacetin (E1518) is slightly soluble in water but very soluble in ether or alcohol.


Triacetin (E1518) is a glycerin triacetate molecule.
Triacetin (E1518) is a triglyceride, triester of glycerol, food additive with E number E1518.
The triglyceride 1,2,3-triacetoxypropane is more generally known as triacetin and glycerin triacetate.


Triacetin (E1518) has a very faint, fruity odor.
Triacetin (E1518) has a mild, sweet taste that is bitter above 0.05%.
Triacetin (E1518) is the triester of glycerol and acetylating agents, such as acetic acid and acetic anhydride.


Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless, viscous and odorless liquid.
Triacetin (E1518) is an artificial chemical compound, commonly used as a food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIACETIN (E1518):
The most important use of Triacetin (E1518) is as a plasticizer for cigarette filters.
Triacetin (E1518) can be used as a plasticizer and solvent for acetate fiber and nitrocellulose.
Triacetin (E1518) is also used for natural rubber and synthetic rubber.


Triacetin (E1518) is used plasticizing and does not affect vulcanization operations.
In the Food Industry: Triacetin (E1518) has low toxicity and can be used as a mild fungicide for vegetables, fruits, animal glue and synthetic glue, and as a food additive, it can increase by 75% in volume.


Triacetin (E1518) is a triester of glycerin and acetic acid, a food-grade ingredient used as a solvent and carrier in pharmaceutical preparations and as a solvent and fixative in the compounding of perfumes and flavors.
Triacetin (E1518) also serves as an ingredient in inks for printing on plastics and other nonabsorbent surfaces.


In nature, Triacetin (E1518) is found in wine grapes and approved by FDA as a food additive.
Triacetin (E1518) is easily hydrolyzed, releasing free acetic acid.
Processes requiring in situ generation of acid, such as textile dyeing, can utilize Triacetin (E1518).


In skin care preparations, Triacetin (E1518) exhibits fungistatic properties thanks to acetic acid released after hydrolysis.
Triacetin (E1518) is used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.


In skin and hair care applications Triacetin (E1518) can be used as an antimicrobial agent, film forming, hair dyeing, plasticizer, or a solvent that is also compatible with cellulose.
Triacetin (E1518) has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.


Triacetin (E1518) has a role as a plant metabolite, a solvent, a fuel additive, an adjuvant, a food additive carrier, a food emulsifier, a food humectant and an antifungal drug.
Triacetin (E1518) is a triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.


Triacetin (E1518) is used as cellulose plasticizer for cigarette filters; in binders for solid rocket fuels; as fixative in perfumes; to make cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Triacetin (E1518) is used as solvent for celluloid and photographic films; to remove carbon dioxide from natural gas; and as topical antifungal medication.


Technical Triacetin (E1518) (mixture of mono-, di-, and small quantities of triacetin) used as a solvent for basic dyes (especially indulines) and tannin in dyeing.
Triacetin (E1518) is used in cigarette filters.


Triacetin (E1518) is used skin sensitization reported in a worker at a cigarette manufacturing plant.
Triacetin (E1518) is used as chromatographic fixative, solvent, toughening agent and fragrance fixative.
Triacetin (E1518) is used as plasticizer and fragrance fixative, ink solvent.


Triacetin (E1518) is also used in the synthesis of medicine and dyes; humectant; carrier solvent; plasticizer; natural gas absorb carbon dioxide.
Triacetin (E1518) is allowed to be used in spices.


Triacetin (E1518) is used as spice fixative, solvent, toughening agent.
Triacetin (E1518) is used in the production of cosmetics, medicines and dyes, as a plasticizer for cigarette filter rods, etc.
Triacetin (E1518) is used Substrate for determination of lipase, fragrance fixative.


Triacetin (E1518) is used as fixative in perfumery; solvent in manufacture of celluloid, photographic films.
Technical Triacetin (E1518) (a mixture of mono-, di-, and small quantities of triacetin) as a solvent for basic dyes, particularly indulines, and tannin in dyeing.


In the Daily Chemical Industry: Triacetin (E1518) can be used as a fixative and a moisturizing base for cosmetics, and can also be formulated into a non-alkaline and chlorine-free household bleach.
As a Gasoline Additive: Triacetin (E1518) can reduce the amount of lead discharged in the air.


Triacetin (E1518) has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.
Triacetin (E1518) is mainly used as a synthetic flavoring agent in ice-creams, nonalcoholic beverages and baked goods.
Triacetin (E1518) is also used for natural rubber and synthetic rubber.


Triacetin (E1518) is used as plasticizer.
Triacetin (E1518) is used as curing agent.
Triacetin (E1518) is used as fragrance fixing agent.


Triacetin (E1518) is used as fiber solvent.
The most important use of Triacetin (E1518) is as a plasticizer for cigarette filters.
Triacetin (E1518) can be used as a plasticizer and solvent for acetate fiber and nitrocellulose.


As an Additive to Anti-corrosion Materials: Triacetin (E1518) has excellent corrosion resistance to hydrocarbons.
In the Printing and Dyeing Industry: Triacetin (E1518) can be used as a swelling agent and stabilizer for cellulose acetate;Ink, cellulose, film and some alkaline solvents are also used as plasticizers for synthetic plastic films.


Triacetin (E1518) is plasticizing and does not affect vulcanization operations.
In the Food Industry: Triacetin (E1518) has low toxicity and can be used as a mild fungicide for vegetables, fruits, animal glue and synthetic glue, and as a food additive, it can increase by 75% in volume.


In the Daily Chemical Industry: Triacetin (E1518) can be used as a fixative and a moisturizing base for cosmetics, and can also be formulated into a non-alkaline and chlorine-free household bleach.
As a Gasoline Additive: Triacetin (E1518) can reduce the amount of lead discharged in the air.


As an Additive to Anti-corrosion Materials: Triacetin (E1518) has excellent corrosion resistance to hydrocarbons.
In the Printing and Dyeing Industry: Triacetin (E1518) can be used as a swelling agent and stabilizer for cellulose.
Triacetin (E1518) is also widely employed in laboratory settings as a buffer, stabilizer, or solvent.


Triacetin (E1518) can be used in Food, Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Health & Personal care products, Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry.
Food grade Triacetin (E1518) used in manufacturing of capsules and tablets, used as a humectant, plasticizer, and solvent.
Triacetin (E1518) is used in Tobacco industry, Dairy food, hard candy, butter and beverage, Chewing gum, Bakes food.


In Food: Triacetin (E1518) can be used as humectant, emlusifier, binder in food such as in baked goods, beverages, chewing gum, flavoring agents, dairy desserts, cheese, processed fruit, dried vegetables, confectionery.
In Beverage: Triacetin (E1518) can be used as emulsifier, flavor enhancer in beverage.


In Pharmaceutical: Triacetin (E1518) can be used as an excipient in pharmaceutical products, where it is used as a humectant, a plasticizer, and as a solvent in Pharmaceutical.
In Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry feed: Triacetin (E1518) can be used as feed ingredients in agriculture/animal feed/poultry feed.


Notably, Triacetin (E1518) displays amphiphilic properties, enabling it to interact with both polar and non-polar molecules. his unique characteristic allows for the dissolution and stabilization of a wide range of compounds.
Moreover, Triacetin (E1518) has been found to have diverse biochemical and physiological effects.


Triacetin (E1518) has demonstrated the ability to inhibit specific enzymes such as cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase.
Additionally, Triacetin (E1518) has shown a reduction in the expression of certain genes involved in inflammation and cancer.
Moreover, Triacetin (E1518) has exhibited a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.


Furthermore, Triacetin (E1518) has demonstrated the ability to hinder the growth of specific cancer cells and mitigate the toxicity of certain drugs.
Thus, in the realm of scientific research, Triacetin (E1518) finds extensive applications in vitro studies.
With its amphiphilic nature, Triacetin (E1518) can interact with a wide range of molecules, dissolve various compounds, and stabilize solutions.


Triacetin (E1518) is used as core sand binder in metal foundry sector.
Triacetin (E1518) is used as solvent in printing inks.
Triacetin (E1518) is used as a highly effective plasticizer for cellulose-based plastics.


Triacetin (E1518) is used as solvent in building wall coating.
Mostly, Triacetin (E1518) is used in the food and cosmetics industry.
Here Triacetin (E1518) can be found in chewing gum as a softener or as a flavor carrier.


Triacetin (E1518) has shown significant biochemical and physiological effects, such as enzyme inhibition and gene expression modulation.
Furthermore, Triacetin (E1518)'s applications extend to diverse areas of scientific research, offering valuable contributions to in vitro studies.
In summary, Triacetin (E1518) is a versatile triester utilized as a plasticizer, solvent, and stabilizer.


Triacetin (E1518) is used food ingredients, HTF - food/feed/beverage processing, Other-food chemicals, and Packaging inks non-food contact.
Triacetin (E1518) is used as an ingredient in many food and cosmetic products.
Triacetin (E1518)'s high solvency power and low volatility make triacetin a good solvent and fixative for many flavors and fragrances.


Triacetin (E1518) as an antimicrobial effect which is why it is used as an emollient and as a humectant.
Within the European Union Triacetin (E1518) is allowed to be added to food solely in chewing gum and as a flavor carrier.
Triacetin (E1518) can be identified by its e-number (E1518).


One of Triacetin (E1518)'s main uses is as a plasticizer in chewing gum.
Triacetin (E1518) is often used as a food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function.
Triacetin (E1518) is mainly used in dairy products, cheese, processed fruit, dried vegetables, confectionery, etc.


Triacetin (E1518) is used as a plasticizer and fragrance fixative, ink solvent, also used in medicine and dye synthesis.
Triacetin (E1518) is used as a chromatographic fixative, solvent, toughener and fragrance fixative.
Humectants; carrier solvents; plasticizers; Triacetin (E1518) can absorb carbon dioxide from the natural gas.


Triacetin (E1518) is used in the production of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and dyes, plasticizers for cigarette filter rods, and so on.
Triacetin (E1518) is used applied in cosmetics, casting, medicine, dyes and other industries.
Triacetin (E1518) is non-toxic, non-irritating.


Triacetin (E1518) is used as the substrate for the determination of lipase, perfume fixative, solvent, gas chromatographic fixative (maximum temperature of 85 ℃, solvent: methanol, chloroform), separation of gas and aldehyde analysis.
Triacetin (E1518) is an organic compound which is widely used in food, flavors & fragrances, pharmaceutical, cigarette, plasticiser, foundry, and textiles.


Triacetin (E1518) is used food additive as a solvent for other additives, especially flavors.
Triacetin (E1518) can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.


Triacetin (E1518), also known as glyceryl triacetate, is pharmaceutical excipient used in manufacturing of capsules and tablets.
Triacetin (E1518) is also used as a humectant, plasticizer, and solvent.
Triacetin (E1518) is also used in the food, perfume and cosmetic industries.


Triacetin (E1518) is used as a carrier, solvent or as a wetting agent.
Triacetin (E1518) is added to chewing gum, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, food additives.
In addition to food, Triacetin (E1518) is added to toothpaste, hair dyes, cigarette filters or perfumes.


Triacetin (E1518) is used as a binder for solid rocket fuels.
Triacetin (E1518) is used Fungicide, humectant and solvent for flavours derived from glycerol and acetic acid.
Triacetin (E1518) can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of bio diesel.


Triacetin (E1518) is also a component of casting liquor with TG and as an excipient in pharmaceutical products where it is used as a humectant, a plasticiser, and as a solvent.
Triacetin (E1518) is used to coat fresh fruit in the US, essences, cigarette filters, as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function.


Triacetin (E1518) has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.
Triacetin (E1518) has a role as a plant metabolite, a solvent, a fuel additive, an adjuvant, a food additive carrier, a food emulsifier, a food humectant and an antifungal drug.


Triacetin (E1518) is functionally related to an acetic acid.
Triacetin (E1518) is a common food additive, for instance as a solvent in flavourings, and for its humectant function, with E number E1518 and Australian approval code A1518.


Triacetin (E1518) is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical products, where it is used as a humectant, a plasticizer, and as a solvent.
The plasticizing capabilities of Triacetin (E1518) have been utilized in the synthesis of a biodegradable phospholipid gel system for the dissemination of the cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX).


In the study, Triacetin (E1518) was combined with PTX, ethanol, a phospholipid and a medium chain triglyceride to form a gel-drug complex.
Triacetin (E1518) was then injected directly into the cancer cells of glioma-bearing mice.
Triacetin (E1518) slowly degraded and facilitated sustained release of PTX into the targeted glioma cells.


Triacetin (E1518) can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.
Triacetin (E1518) is used Solvent for flavors & fragrance, Cosmetic fixative, Food additive (E1518), Plasticizer in chewing gu, and Plasticizer for cigarette filter tips.


Triacetin (E1518) is used in ink coating, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate butyrate plasticizer and solvent, and Plasticizer and curing agent in foundry resins.
Triacetin (E1518) is used primarily for flavors and extracts, as well as chewing pastes.


Triacetin (E1518) is used Softening agents in thickeners.
Since Triacetin (E1518) also has a moisturizing effect, it is used as a plasticizer for plastics and as a solubilizer for paint, textile, paper and leather treatment agents.


Both substances are readily absorbed, broken down and used calorically by the body.
Triacetin (E1518) is used in Food, Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Health & Personal care products.
Triacetin (E1518) is used as an emulsifier, an agent that forms or preserves a mixture of substances that are normally immiscible, such as oil and water.


Triacetin (E1518) is also used as a humectant, a substance that helps prevent food from drying out.
In beverage, Triacetin (E1518) is used as emulsifier and flavor enhancer.
Triacetin (E1518) is one of the few food grade carrier for flavors and fragrances.


Triacetin (E1518) is used in food and cosmetic products.
It’s high solvency power and high volatility make Triacetin (E1518) a good solvent and fixative for flavors and fragrances.
Triacetin (E1518) is a triester of glycerol manufactured through chemical synthesis, available as Clear transparent oily liquid.


Antimicrobial agent: Triacetin (E1518) is able to suppress or inhibit the growth and replication of a broad spectrum of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses by making the stratum corneum temporarily bactericidal and fungicidal.
Triacetin (E1518) is widely used as emulsifier.


Cosmetics and fragrances: Triacetin (E1518) is used Humectant, plasticiser, solvent and fixative for fragrances, also used in dye synthesis and perfume fixative.
Film-forming agent: Triacetin (E1518) produces, upon application, a very thin continuous film with an optimal balance of cohesion, adhesion and stickiness on skin, hair or nails to counteract or limit damage from external phenomena such as chemicals, UV rays and pollution.


Triacetin (E1518) is often used as a food additive because of its wetting, solvent and plasticizer properties.
In pharmaceuticals, Triacetin (E1518) is used as a plasticizer in the production of gelatin capsules.
In cosmetics, Triacetin (E1518) is used for its moisturizing and emollient properties.


Triacetin (E1518)-mediated acetate supplementation may provide a new safe chemotherapeutic adjuvant to reduce the growth of glioma tumours, particularly the more rapidly proliferating glycolytic and hypoacetylated mesenchymal glioma tumours.
Triacetin (E1518) is used as a substrate for lipase determination.


Labelled as a humectant with the number E1518 in the European food additives list.
Triacetin (E1518) is used in cooking food and dairy products to promote fermentation.
Triacetin (E1518) is used Chromatographic fixative, solvent, hardener, curing agent that can absorb carbon dioxide from natural gas.


Triacetin (E1518) is used Environmentally friendly plasticiser containing no phthalates.
Triacetin (E1518) can be used as a plasticiser and solvent of printing ink, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, ethacellulose and ellulose acetate butyrate.
In casting, Triacetin (E1518) is used as a moulding sand hardener.


Application generally takes place in a spray chamber where Triacetin (E1518) is applied to the filter in the form of an aqueous aerosol.
Triacetin (E1518) is used in the food industry as a solvent for flavouings, and is used as a humectant in pharmaceutical products.
Triacetin (E1518) is also used as a plasticiser and a solvent.


Triacetin (E1518) is approved to use as food additive in EU.
Triacetin (E1518) is used Plasticizer for paints and adhesives, additive for special hardeners, adhesive for cigarette filter production, plasticizer for chewing gum or as a flavor carrier, food additive E 1518.


Triacetin (E1518) is also a component of casting liquor with TG and as an excipient in pharmaceutical products where it is used as a humectant, a plasticizer, and as a solvent.
Triacetin (E1518) is also used in the perfume and cosmetic industries.


Triacetin (E1518) can also be used as a fuel additive as an antiknock agent which can reduce engine knocking in gasoline, and to improve cold and viscosity properties of biodiesel.
Triacetin (E1518) is used in chewing gum and other food contact related plastic compound.


Triacetin (E1518) has been considered as a possible source of food energy in artificial food regeneration systems on long space missions.
It is believed to be safe to get over half of one's dietary energy from Triacetin (E1518).
Triacetin (E1518) also has some anti-fungal activity.


Triacetin (E1518) has been shown to have a high resistance to solid phase microextraction and can be used as a model system for studying the interactions of triacetates with other materials.
Triacetin (E1518) is pharmaceutical excipient used in manufacturing of capsules and tablets, and has been used as a humectant, plasticizer, and solvent.


The reaction solution containing Triacetin (E1518) is acidic, which may lead to problems with water permeability if not properly treated.
This analytical method utilizes hydrogen bonding interactions between glycerol and glycerine molecules to measure the concentration of each component in the sample.


-Pharmaceutical Applications:
Triacetin (E1518) is mainly used as a hydrophilic plasticizer in both aqueous and solvent-based polymeric coating of capsules, tablets, beads, and granules; typical concentrations used are 10–35% w/w.
Triacetin (E1518) is used in cosmetics, perfumery, and foods as a solvent and as a fixative in the formulation of perfumes and flavors.


-Clinical Use of Triacetin (E1518):
Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless, oilyliquid with a slight odor and a bitter taste.
Triacetin (E1518) issoluble in water and miscible with alcohol and most organicsolvents.
The activity of Triacetin (E1518) is a result of the acetic acid releasedby hydrolysis of the compound by esterases presentin the skin.
Acid release is a self-limiting process because the esterases are inhibited below pH 4.


-In Health and Personal care
Triacetin (E1518), an oil, is the triester of Glycerol and Acetic Acid.
In cosmetics and personal-care products, Triacetin (E1518) is used in makeup as well as in nail polish and nail enamel removers.
Triacetin (E1518) helps cleanse the skin or prevent odor by destroying or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
Triacetin (E1518) is also a plasticizer and commonly used carrier for flavors and fragrances.


-Fragrance:
Triacetin (E1518) plays a decisive and important role in the formulation of cosmetic products as it provides the possibility of enhancing, masking or adding fragrance to the final product, increasing its marketability.
Triacetin (E1518) is able to create a perceptible pleasant odour, masking a bad smell.
The consumer always expects to find a pleasant or distinctive scent in a cosmetic product.


-Plasticiser uses of Triacetin (E1518).
Triacetin (E1518) is added to the formulation with the purpose of retaining fragrance and colour, increasing flexibility, flowability, deformability, durability of various ingredients allowing better processing.
Triacetin (E1518) softens and makes flexible synthetic polymers that otherwise could not be easily processed, stretched or deformed.


-Solvent uses of Triacetin (E1518):
Triacetin (E1518) is the substance for dissolving or dispersing surfactants, oils, dyes, flavourings, bactericidal preservatives in solution.
In fact, Triacetin (E1518) dissolves other components present in a cosmetic formulation.
Solvents are generally liquid (aqueous and non-aqueous).


-Medical uses of Triacetin (E1518):
Triacetin (E1518) is both the shortest chain triglyceride (SCT), which contains fatty acids with two carbon atoms, and the only triglyceride that is up to 6 per cent soluble in water.
Triacetin (E1518)'s approval by the Food and Drug Administration as a safe human food ingredient has led to a series of studies examining its potential as a therapeutic agent.



FOOD USES OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
As a food additive, the influence of the choice of aromatic solvent between propylene glycol (PG) or Triacetin (E1518) (TA) was investigated during the accelerated shelf life test (ASL) of biscuits and tartlets.

In particular, the differential effect on the stability of added vanillin, the natural baked marker compound 5- (hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF), specific oxidative rancidity markers (2,4-decadienal, 2,4-heptadienal) and the structural parameters of hardness and fractureability.

More HMF was formed during baking of biscuits prepared with Triacetin (E1518); these biscuits were also more stable to oxidative degradation and vanillin loss during ageing than biscuits prepared with PG.
Fresh Triacetin (E1518) biscuits were significantly more brittle than fresh PG biscuits.

There was no impact of the choice of solvent on hardness.
Sensory evaluation of hardness, vanilla flavour and oily note were tested during the ASL-tests.
There was no significant impact on the retention of sensory ratings for PG or Triacetin (E1518) biscuits.



FUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
Triacetin (E1518) is used as a solvent for flavours; it also has some anti-fungal activity.



DIETARY RESTRICTIONS OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
Triacetin (E1518) can be used by all religious groups, vegetarians and vegans.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
Triacetin (E1518) has a very faint, fruity odor.
Triacetin (E1518) has a mild, sweet taste that is bitter above 0.05%.
Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless liquid; slight fatty odor; bitter taste.
Triacetin (E1518) is slightly soluble in water; very soluble in alcohol, ether, and other organic solvents.

Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless, viscous liquid with a slightly fatty odor.
Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless, odorless oily liquid. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents, soluble in acetone, insoluble in mineral oil.
Triacetin (E1518) is slightly soluble in water. 25 ° C in water solubility of 5.9g / 100ml.



FUNCTIONS OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
*Fatty Acids & Lipids
*Flavoring Agent
*Solubilizer
*Solvent
*Carrier
*Antiseptic



FUNCTIONS OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
1. Flavor / Flavoring / Flavor Enhancer - Provides or enhances a particular taste or smell.
2. Fragrance / Fragrance Component - Provides or enhances a particular smell or odor.
3. Humectant - Binds with water to increase skin hydration. Also enhances water absorption of the skin



WHAT IS TRIACETIN (E1518) AND HOW DOES TRIACETIN (E1518) WORK?
Triacetin (E1518) (glycerine triacetate and 1,2,3-propanetriyl triacetate) is an ester compound of glycerin and acetic acid.
Triacetin (E1518) is a colorless liquid that smells oily to rancid.
Triacetin (E1518)´s used as an emollient, as a humectant or as a flavor carrier in various industries.
Triacetin (E1518) has a viscosity (7.83 cSt at 40 oC) .



FUNCTIONAL CLASS OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
*Flavouring Agent
*FLAVOURING_AGENT
*Food Additives
*CARRIER_SOLVENT
*HUMECTANT



PRODUCTION METHODS OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
Triacetin (E1518) is prepared by the esterification of glycerin with acetic anhydride.



PREPARATION OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
By direct reaction of glycerol with acetic acid in the presence of Twitchell’s reagent, or in benzene solution of glycerol and boiling acetic acid in the presence of a cationic resin (Zeo-Karb H) pretreated with dilute H2SO4.



MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
200 grams of allyl acetate, 450 grams of glacial acetic acid and 3.71 grams of cobaltous bromide were charged to the reactor and the mixture was heated to 100°C.
Pure oxygen was then introduced into the reactor below the surface of the liquid reaction mixture at the rate of 0.5 standard cubic feet per hour.

Initially, all of the oxygen was consumed, but after a period of time oxygen introduced into the mixture passed through unchanged.
During the course of the reaction, a small quantity of gaseous hydrogen bromide (a total of 1.9 grams) was introduced into the reaction zone, along with the oxygen.

The reaction was allowed to continue for 6 hours following which the reaction mixture was distilled.
Essentially complete conversion of the allyl acetate took place.
A yield of 116 grams of Triacetin (E1518) was obtained, this being accomplished by distilling the Triacetin (E1518) overhead from the reaction mixture, at an absolute pressure of approximately 13 mm of mercury.



MORE ADDITIVES AND FOOD ADDITIVES OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
*Shellac wax
*Conditioning agents
*Solvents
*Fumaric acid
*Flame retardants
*Maleic anhydride functionalized polymers



FOOD ADDITIVES OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
*Polyglycerol polyricinoleate
*Citrate
*Potassium metabisulphite / Potassium disulphite
*Sugar substitutes
*Flavorants / fragrances
*E vitamins



PRODUCTION OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
For commercial use, Triacetin (E1518) is produced synthetically from acetic acid and glycerol.



SYNTHESIS OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
Triacetin (E1518) was first prepared in 1854 by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.
Triacetin (E1518) was prepared in the 19th century from glycerol and acetic acid.

Triacetin (E1518)'s synthesis from acetic anhydride and glycerol is simple and inexpensive.
3 (CH3CO)2O + 1 C3H5(OH)3 → 1 C3H5(OCOCH3)3 + 3 CH3CO2H

This synthesis has been conducted with catalytic sodium hydroxide and microwave irradiation to give a 99% yield of Triacetin (E1518).
Triacetin (E1518) has also been conducted with a cobalt(II) Salen complex catalyst supported by silicon dioxide and heated to 50 °C for 55 minutes to give a 99% yield of Triacetin (E1518).



SAFETY OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved it as Generally Recognized as Safe food additive and included it in the database according to the opinion from the Select Committee On GRAS Substances (SCOGS).
Triacetin (E1518) is included in the SCOGS database since 1975.



THE NAME DEFINES THE STRUCTURE OF TRIACETIN (E1518) MOLECULE:
Triacetin (E1518) refers to a triester that is derived from glycerol and acetic acid.
The prefix "tri-" indicates that there are three acetic acid molecules esterified to each glycerol molecule.
The synthesis process of Triacetin (E1518) takes place in several stages:

*Preparation of glycerin:
The process begins with the preparation of glycerin, which is commercially available.

*Esterification:
Glycerol reacts with acetic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst, often sulfuric acid.
The reaction is heated, which initiates the esterification process.
This reaction causes the formation of Triacetin (E1518) and water.

*Separation:
The reaction mixture is allowed to cool.
Triacetin (E1518), being less polar than water, will separate from the reaction mixture.

*Purification:
Triacetin (E1518) is then purified.
This typically involves distillation, where Triacetin (E1518) is heated and vapors are collected and condensed.
This process helps to remove any remaining impurities.

*Quality control:
The final product is tested to ensure it meets the specifications required for use in the intended applications.
This includes checking its purity, color and smell.

It is in the form of an odourless and colourless clear liquid, starts to sublimate when heated to 160°C and at 300°C, decomposes to chlorine and phosphorus trichloride.
Soluble in water, soluble in carbon disulphide, carbon tetrachloride and benzoyl chloride.
In moist air it is hydrolysed into phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.



PRODUCTION OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
Triacetin (E1518) can be derived from the esterification of glycerol and acetic acid.
After preheating glycerol to 50-60 ° C, add acetic acid, benzene and sulfuric acid.
Heat and stir for refluxing dehydration, and recycle the benzene.
Then add acetic anhydride for heating of 4h.

After cooling, the mixture was neutralized with 5% sodium carbonate to pH 7, and the crude layer was dried and the crude oil was dried with calcium chloride.
Distill under reduced pressure, collect the 128-131 ° C (0.93 kPa) fraction, namely Triacetin (E1518).



CONTENT ANALYSIS OF TRIACETIN (E1518):
Accurately weigh about 1g of the sample, put it into a suitable pressure bottle, add 25 mL of 1mol / L. potassium hydroxide solution and 15 mL of isopropyl alcohol, add stopper, wrap with cloth and put it in a canvas bag.
Put it into the water bath of 98 ℃ ± 2 ℃ for 1h, and the water level in the water bath should be slightly higher than the bottle level.

Take the bottle out from the bag, cool it to room temperature in the air, unfold the cloth and stopper to release the residual pressure in the bottle, and then remove the cloth.
Add 6 to 8 drops of phenolphthalein test solution (TS-167), apply 0.5mol / L sulfuric acid for titration of excess alkali until the pink could just disappeared.

At the same time, perform a blank test.
Each mL of 0.5mol / L sulfuric acid is equivalent to 36.37 mg of Triacetin (E1518) (C9H14O6).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIACETIN (E1518):
Molecular Weight: 218.20 g/mol
XLogP3: 0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 218.07903816 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 218.07903816 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 78.9Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 15
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 229
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
EC Number: 203-051-9
E number: E1518 (additional chemicals)

Chemical formula: C9H14O6
Molar mass: 218.205 g·mol−1
Appearance: Oily liquid
Density: 1.155 g/cm3
Melting point: −78 °C (−108 °F; 195 K) at 760 mmHg
Boiling point: 259 °C (498 °F; 532 K) at 760 mmHg
Solubility in water: 6.1 g/100 mL
Solubility: Miscible in EtOH
Soluble in C6H6, (C2H5)2O, acetone
Vapor pressure: 0.051 Pa (11.09 °C)
0.267 Pa (25.12 °C)
2.08 Pa (45.05 °C)
ln(P/Pa)=22.819-4493/T(K)-807000/T(K)²
Refractive index (nD): 1.4301 (20 °C)
1.4294 (24.5 °C)
Viscosity: 23 cP (20 °C)
Thermochemistry:
Heat capacity (C): 389 J/mol·K

Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 458.3 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −1330.8 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): 4211.6 kJ/mol
Chemical Composition: Glyceryl triacetate
CAS Number: 102-76-1
Physical Form:Liquid
Appearance: Clear and free of suspended matter
Food contact approval: Yes
CAS number: 102-76-1
EC number: 203-051-9
Molecular formula: C 9 H 14 O 6
Boiling point: 258°C
Melting point: −77.8 °C
Density: 1.16 g/ cm3
Vapor pressure: < 0.1 Pa (25 °C)
Solubility: slightly soluble in water: 64 g/l (20 °C)



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIACETIN (E1518):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIACETIN (E1518):
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIACETIN (E1518):
-Extinguishing media:
--Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
--Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIACETIN (E1518):
-Control parameters:
Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Use impervious clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIACETIN (E1518):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIACETIN (E1518):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
triacetin
102-76-1
Glyceryl triacetate
Glycerol triacetate
Enzactin
Glycerin triacetate
Triacetine
Triacetylglycerol
Fungacetin
Glyped
Vanay
Triacetyl glycerine
Kesscoflex TRA
Kodaflex triacetin
1,2,3-Propanetriol, triacetate
1,2,3-triacetoxypropane
Acetin, tri-
Triacetina
Triacetinum
propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate
1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate
1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1,2,3-triacetate
Ujostabil
Triacetyl glycerin
Triacetyl glycerol
Estol 1581
Triacetin [INN]
FEMA No. 2007
1,2,3-Propanetriyl triacetate
1,2,3-Triacetylglycerol
Glyceryltriacetate
FEMA Number 2007
NSC 4796
HSDB 585
Ins no.1518
Acetic, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester
NSC-4796
EINECS 203-051-9
UNII-XHX3C3X673
Glycerine triacetate
2,3-diacetyloxypropyl acetate
Ins-1518
BRN 1792353
CCRIS 9355
CHEBI:9661
XHX3C3X673
DTXSID3026691
AI3-00661
Triacetin (USP/INN)
E1518
ENZACTIN (TN)
E-1518
1,2,3-triacetyl-glycerol
2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate
1,2,3-triacetyl-sn-glycerol
DTXCID906691
EC 203-051-9
4-02-00-00253 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
NCGC00091612-04
TRIACETIN (II)
TRIACETIN [II]
Triacetin (1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate)
TRIACETIN (MART.)
E 1518
TRIACETIN (USP-RS)
TRIACETIN (EP MONOGRAPH)
Triacetyl-glycerol
CAS-102-76-1
2-(Acetyloxy)-1-((acetyloxy)methyl)ethyl acetate
TRIACETIN (GLYCEROL TRIACETATE)
Triacetin [USP:INN:BAN]
Enzacetin
Euzactin
Fungacet
Motisil
Blekin
tri-acetin
Acetin-tri
Triacetin, CP
Triacetin, FCC
Triacetin, USP
3-Triacetoxypropane
MFCD00008716
Triacetin, 99%
Triacetinum (Latin)
Spectrum_000881
TRIACETIN [FCC]
TRIACETIN [MI]
TRIACETIN [FHFI]
TRIACETIN [HSDB]
TRIACETIN [INCI]
Spectrum2_000939
Spectrum3_001368
Spectrum4_000362
Spectrum5_001376
TRIACETIN [VANDF]
Triacetin, >=99.5%
SCHEMBL3870
TRIACETIN [WHO-DD]
BSPBio_002896
Glycerol triacetate tributyrin
KBioGR_000823
KBioSS_001361
MLS002152946
1,3-Propanetriol, triacetate
DivK1c_000740
Glyceryl triacetate, >=99%
SPECTRUM1500585
Triacetin, analytical standard
SPBio_000878
1,2,3 Propanetriol triacetate
Triacetin, 99%, FCC, FG
1,2,3-propanediol triethanoate
CHEMBL1489254
FEMA 2007
HMS502E22
KBio1_000740
KBio2_001361
KBio2_003929
KBio2_006497
KBio3_002116
NSC4796
NINDS_000740
HMS1921G05
HMS2092O09
HMS2232I22
Pharmakon1600-01500585
Triacetin, >=99%, natural, FG
HY-B0896
Tox21_111155
Tox21_201745
Tox21_300111
WLN: 1VO1YOV1 & 1OV1
CCG-39680
LMGL03012615
NSC757364
s4581
Triacetin, 8CI, BAN, INN, USAN
1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate, 9CI
AKOS009028851
Tox21_111155_1
Glyceryl triacetate, >=99.0% (GC)
NSC-757364
1,3-bis(acetyloxy)propan-2-yl acetate
IDI1_000740
NCGC00091612-01
NCGC00091612-02
NCGC00091612-03
NCGC00091612-05
NCGC00091612-06
NCGC00091612-07
NCGC00091612-09
NCGC00254207-01
NCGC00259294-01
LS-13668
SMR001224538
SBI-0051540.P002
FT-0626753
G0086
EN300-19216
D00384
E75962
Q83253
AB00052112_06
A800614
SR-05000002079
J-000781
SR-05000002079-1
2-(Acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl acetate #
Z104473192
Triacetin, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Triacetin, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
1,2,3-Propanetriol triacetate
Glycerol Triacetate, USP Grade(1.03000)
TRIACETINE
Glycerol triacetate
Glyceryl triacetate
propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate
InChI=1/C9H14O6/c1-6(10)13-4-9(15-8(3)12)5-14-7(2)11/h9H,4-5H2,1-3H
Propane-1,2,3-triyl triacetate
Glycerol triacetate
glycerin triacetate
1,2,3-triacetylglycerol
1,2,3-triacetoxypropane
1,2,3-Triacetoxypropane
1,2,3-Triacetylglycerol
Glyceryl triacetate
Glyceryl triacetate
Triacetyl glycerine
Enzactin
Triacetin
triacetyl gycerine
Enzactin
Fungacetin
Vanay
glycerol triacetate
1,2,3-propanetriol triacetate
triacetylglycerol, 1,2,3-triacetoxypropane
triacetate glycerol ester
E 1518
1,2,3-propanetriyl triacetate
1,2,3-propanetriol triacetate, triacylglycerol.

Triallylamine is a colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Triallylamine is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C9H15N.
Triallylamine belongs to the amine group of organic compounds and is characterized by the presence of three allyl groups (CH2=CH-CH2) attached to a central amine nitrogen atom.

CAS Number: 102-70-5
Molecular Formula: C9H15N
Molecular Weight: 137.22
EINECS Number: 203-048-2

Triallylamine is manufactured using allyl chloride and ammonia under heat and pressure.
Triallylamine is used as a solvent and in organic syntheses.
Triallylamine is multifunctional, featuring a tertiary amine and three alkene groups.

Triallylamine (and mono- and diallyl amines) is produced by the treating allyl chloride with ammonia.
Triallylamine have particularly weak α-CH bonds, being near 80 kcal/mol.
Triallylamine is a flammble liquid. Triallylamine can be detected at 0.5 ppm and is severely irritating at 75 ppm.

Triallylamine reacts with primary aromatic amines in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst to form 2-ethyl-3-methylquinolines.
The chemical structure can be represented as (CH2=CH-CH2)3N.
Triallylamine is the organic compound with the formula N(CH2CH=CH2)3.

Triallylamine undergoes hydrozirconation followed by transmetalation with germanium tetrachloride to form 1-aza-5-germa-5-chlorobicyclo undecane.
Triallylamine can react with Grignard or lithium reagents to form the corresponding 5-organo compounds.
The cycloaddition of TAA to fluorinated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles affords octahydro-2,7-methanofuro[3,2-c]pyridines.

Triallylamine is employed in the production of other chemicals.
Triallylamine is also mainly applied in organic synthesis and resin modifiers.
Triallylamine is used in the cross linking of high absorbent and the intermediates of ion exchange resin.

Triallylamine can also be employed in producing polyester activator and the evocating agent of butadiene polymerization.
Triallylamine is a colorless to pale-yellow liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Triallylamine is commonly used in the synthesis of polymers, resins, and crosslinking agents for coatings, adhesives, and sealants.

Triallylamine can also be used as a chemical intermediate in organic synthesis.
Triallylamine should be handled with caution as it can cause skin irritation and eye damage if not properly protected.
Triallylamine should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of heat or ignition.

Performance data shows that this product meets purity standards of 99% and does not have any significant environmental impact when handled correctly.
Triallylamine may exhibit hygroscopic properties, meaning it can absorb moisture from the surrounding environment.
This can impact its handling and storage considerations.

As with many organic compounds, triallylamine may have some degree of flammability.
Triallylamine's important to take appropriate precautions to prevent the risk of fire in handling and storage.
Triallylamine can be used in the production of adhesive tapes, contributing to the adhesive properties that enable effective bonding.

In rubber processing, triallylamine may be employed as a crosslinking agent during vulcanization, enhancing the strength and elasticity of rubber products.
Triallylamine has been explored as a photoinitiator in the development of dental materials, where light exposure triggers polymerization for dental applications.
Triallylamine has been investigated for its use in the synthesis of conductive polymers, which have applications in electronic devices.

Chemists may use triallylamine in various organic synthesis reactions, taking advantage of its nucleophilic properties and allyl groups.
Research suggests potential applications in medical and biomedical fields, such as in the development of biomaterials and drug delivery systems.
Triallylamine may be chosen for its compatibility with certain resin systems, influencing the properties of the resulting composite materials.

In addition to its role as a crosslinking agent, Triallylamine may also be used as an additive in polymer formulations to achieve specific performance characteristics.
Triallylamine's chemical structure, featuring allyl groups, may make it compatible with aromatic compounds in certain reactions.
Triallylamine has been explored for its potential use in electrocatalytic processes, where it may participate in reactions at electrode surfaces.

Triallylamine can be employed in the functionalization of carbon nanotubes, leading to modified properties and enhanced compatibility in certain applications.
Due to its amine groups, triallylamine can form metal complexes, and it is involved in coordination chemistry reactions.
In the field of drug delivery, triallylamine has been investigated for its role in designing polymer matrices that release drugs in a controlled manner.

Triallylamine may be used in the development of gas separation membranes, contributing to the selectivity and permeability of the membrane material.
Triallylamine has been studied for its potential application in the development of photoresponsive materials that can undergo changes in properties upon exposure to light.

Triallylamine may be incorporated into polymer blends to achieve desired properties in the resulting material, such as improved mechanical strength or thermal stability.
Triallylamine can be utilized in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors, where it may participate in reactions with target analytes.

Melting point: -70°C
Boiling point: 150-151 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.79 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 4.73 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 90 mm Hg ( 80 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.451(lit.)
Flash point: 87 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
pka: pK1:8.31(+1) (25°C)
form: clear liquid
color: Colorless to Yellow to Orange
Water Solubility: 250 g/100 mL
Stability: Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: VPYJNCGUESNPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 102-70-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1

Triallylamine is a strong reducing agent that reacts violently with oxidizing agents.
Corrosive towards Al and Zn [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 912] .
Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.

May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Triallylamine is often employed as a crosslinking agent in the production of polymers, particularly in processes where the formation of a three-dimensional network structure is desired for improved mechanical properties.

Triallylamine may exhibit chemical stability under certain conditions, making it suitable for use in various chemical reactions and processes.
Triallylamine can function as a catalyst or co-catalyst in certain chemical reactions, facilitating reaction pathways or influencing reaction kinetics.
Triallylamine might find applications in biochemical research or processes due to its amine functionality, which can participate in reactions involving amino groups.

In addition to its role in polymers, triallylamine can be used as a crosslinking agent in coatings, contributing to improved adhesion and coating properties.
Triallylamine has been studied for its use in electropolymerization processes, where polymers are formed through electrochemical reactions.
Triallylamine is utilized as a curing agent in resin systems, participating in reactions that lead to the hardening or curing of the resin.

Triallylamine can be employed for the functionalization of materials, introducing specific chemical functionalities for tailored properties.
The amine groups in triallylamine make Triallylamine a nucleophile, and it can be utilized in organic synthesis reactions involving nucleophilic substitution.
Triallylamine may be used in photocuring processes where exposure to light initiates polymerization or crosslinking reactions.

Triallylamine can play a role in adhesive formulations, contributing to the bonding strength and characteristics of adhesives.
Triallylamine has been investigated for its involvement in chemiluminescence reactions, where light is emitted as a result of a chemical reaction.
Triallylamine may find application in the formulation of anti-corrosive coatings, contributing to the protective properties of the coating on metal surfaces.

Triallylamine is amine groups can act as chelating agents, forming stable complexes with certain metal ions.
In UV-curable resin systems, triallylamine may be used to initiate or contribute to crosslinking reactions upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.
There is potential for triallylamine to be explored in certain agricultural applications, such as in the development of controlled-release formulations for agrochemicals.

Uses:
Triallylamine is used in organic synthesis.Triallylamine has been proposed as a catalyst for the production of polyesters and as an initiator for the polymerization of butadiene.
Triallylamine (TAA) reacts with primary aromatic amines in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst to form 2-ethyl-3-methylquinolines.
Triallylamine undergoes hydrozirconation followed by transmetalation with germanium tetrachloride to form 1-aza-5-germa-5-chlorobicyclo[3.3.3]undecane.

Triallylamine can react with Grignard or lithium reagents to form the corresponding 5-organo compounds.
The cycloaddition of Triallylamine to fluorinated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles affords octahydro-2,7-methanofuro[3,2-c]pyridines.
Triallylamine uses and applications include: unsaturated polyester resin comonomer; crosslinking comonomer; production of some rubbers, ion exchange resins, organic chemicals.

Triallylamine may be used in the formulation of adhesives, where its properties contribute to the bonding characteristics of the adhesive.
Triallylamine can serve as a crosslinking agent in the production of rubber, contributing to the formation of a three-dimensional network structure in the polymer.
Triallylamine can act as an initiator in free radical polymerization reactions, initiating the polymerization of certain monomers.

Triallylamine is used as a crosslinking agent in the production of composite materials, providing enhanced structural integrity.
In coordination chemistry, triallylamine can function as an electron donor ligand in the formation of coordination compounds.
Triallylamine may be employed in the synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds, which have applications in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Triallylamine can be used as a photoinitiator in certain polymerization reactions initiated by light exposure.
Added to resin formulations to modify the properties of the resin, such as improving its crosslinking density.
Triallylamine is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds with specific functionalities.

Applied as a crosslinking agent in textile finishes to enhance the durability and performance of textiles.
Triallylamine can be involved in the synthesis of ion exchange resins, which find applications in water treatment and other separation processes.
Triallylamine utilized in research and development activities, particularly in laboratories exploring new materials and chemical processes.

Triallylamine is mainly applied in organic synthesis and resin modifier, also can be used in the crosslinking of high absorbent and the intermediates of ion exchange resin.
According to some reports, Triallylamine can be used in producing polyester activator and the evocating agent of butadiene polymerization.
Triallylamine can be used as a monomer in polymerization reactions to form polymers with specific properties.

Triallylamine may be employed as a crosslinking agent in the synthesis of polymers or other materials, contributing to improved mechanical properties.
In some cases, triallylamine can serve as an initiator in certain polymerization reactions, starting the chain reaction that forms polymers.
Triallylamine is used as a reactant or reagent in various chemical synthesis processes, particularly those involving the formation of carbon-carbon bonds.

Triallylamine might be used as an additive in resin formulations to modify the properties of the resulting resin or polymer.
Triallylamine can be employed as a crosslinking agent in the formulation of coatings, contributing to enhanced durability and performance.
Triallylamine is used as a monomer in polymerization reactions to produce polymers with specific properties.

Triallylamine is allyl groups make it suitable for crosslinking reactions, leading to the formation of three-dimensional networks.
Triallylamine serves as a crosslinking agent in the production of polymers and resins, enhancing the mechanical strength, durability, and other properties of the final material.
Triallylamine is employed in the formulation of adhesives, contributing to the adhesive properties and bond strength in adhesive products.

In rubber processing, triallylamine is used as a crosslinking agent during vulcanization, improving the elasticity and strength of rubber products.
Triallylamine can act as a photoinitiator in certain polymerization reactions initiated by exposure to light, enabling controlled and rapid polymerization.
Triallylamine is utilized in coatings to improve adhesion, durability, and other performance characteristics. It can act as a crosslinking agent in the curing of coatings.

Triallylamine has been studied for its potential applications in electrocatalysis and as a component in electrochemical sensors due to its reactivity.
Triallylamine is investigated for its role in designing polymer matrices for drug delivery systems, contributing to controlled release mechanisms.
Triallylamine may be used in the development of gas separation membranes, influencing selectivity and permeability in gas separation processes.

Triallylamine has been explored for its involvement in chemiluminescence reactions, which are reactions that produce light emission.
Triallylamine has been explored for potential use in dental materials, particularly in the development of materials used in dental procedures or restorations.
Triallylamine may find application in the textile industry, where its crosslinking properties could be utilized in fabric treatments or finishes to enhance the durability of textiles.

Triallylamine might be employed as a component in fuel additives to improve certain properties, stability, or combustion characteristics of the fuel.
The chelating properties of triallylamine may be relevant in water treatment processes, where it could be used in the removal or sequestration of certain metal ions.
Triallylamine could be included in formulations for metalworking fluids, providing lubrication and cooling during machining processes in the metalworking industry.

Due to its role as a photoinitiator, triallylamine may be utilized in the formulation of photocurable materials, where exposure to light initiates rapid curing or hardening.
Triallylamine might be used as an additive in concrete formulations to modify the properties of concrete, such as improving workability or enhancing the strength of cured concrete.
Triallylamine has applications in electropolymerization processes, where polymers are formed through electrochemical reactions.

In the electronics industry, Triallylamine may find use in the synthesis of materials for electronic devices, such as conductive polymers or materials with specific electronic properties.
Triallylamine may be utilized in the oil and gas industry for the formulation of certain chemicals used in oilfield applications, such as drilling fluids or production chemicals.
Triallylamine can be employed in analytical chemistry as a reagent or a component in methods requiring its specific chemical properties.

Triallylamine might be used as a component in formulations for flavors and fragrances, contributing to the overall characteristics of the final product.
In biomedical research, triallylamine may be studied for its potential applications in the development of biomaterials or drug delivery systems.
Triallylamine is used in the formulation of anti-corrosive coatings, providing protection to metal surfaces against corrosion.

In UV-curable resin systems, triallylamine may contribute to crosslinking reactions upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, leading to the hardening or curing of the resin.
There is potential for triallylamine to be explored in agricultural applications, such as in the development of controlled-release formulations for agrochemicals.
Due to its amine groups, triallylamine can act as a chelating agent, forming stable complexes with certain metal ions.

Health Hazard:
Triallylamine may cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed.
Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

Triallylamine vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

Fire Hazard:
Triallylamine, flammable/combustible material.
May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
Triallylamine vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.

Triallylamine vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.

Triallylamine, runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
Containers may explode when heated.
Many liquids are lighter than water.

Safety Profile:
Triallylamine poison by skin contact and intraperitoneal routes.
Moderately toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
Triallylamine an eye and severe skin irritant.

Triallylamine human systemic effects by inhalation: structural or functional changes in trachea or bronchi.
Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, flame or oxidlzers.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Synonyms:
TRIALLYLAMINE
102-70-5
2-Propen-1-amine, N,N-di-2-propenyl-
Tris(2-propenyl)amine
N,N-bis(prop-2-enyl)prop-2-en-1-amine
2-Propen-1-amine, N,N-di-2-propen-1-yl-
N,N-Di-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-amine
B6N19XC04R
DTXSID5026174
NSC-32635
Triallyl Amine
CCRIS 4876
N,N-diallylprop-2-en-1-amine
HSDB 2904
EINECS 203-048-2
NSC 32635
UN2610
BRN 1740881
UNII-B6N19XC04R
tris(prop-2-en-1-yl)amine
triallyl-amine
(CH2=CHCH2)3N
AI3-52705
4-04-00-01061 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Triallylamine, 99%
TRIALLYLAMINE [HSDB]
SCHEMBL20656
DTXCID506174
CHEMBL3188834
CHEBI:192451
N,N-Diallyl-2-propen-1-amine #
AMY22241
NSC32635
Tox21_300670
MFCD00026093
2-Propen-1-amine,N-di-2-propenyl-
WLN: 1U2N2U1 & 2U1
AKOS015840489
UN 2610
NCGC00248135-01
NCGC00254578-01
CAS-102-70-5
LS-13670
N,N-bis(prop-2-enyl)-2-propen-1-amine
FT-0653420
T0332
Triallylamine [UN2610] [Flammable liquid]
EN300-7644092
A800604
J-000772
Q23779745
InChI=1/C9H15N/c1-4-7-10(8-5-2)9-6-3/h4-6H,1-3,7-9H

Triallylamine is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C9H15N.
Triallylamine is an organic compound belonging to the class of amines, which are compounds containing a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more alkyl or aryl groups.
Triallylamine is specifically characterized by having three allyl groups (-CH2-CH=CH2) attached to a central nitrogen atom.

CAS Number: 102-70-5
EC Number: 203-049-8



APPLICATIONS


Triallylamine is commonly used as a comonomer in the production of cross-linked polymers and copolymers.
Triallylamine is a key ingredient in the synthesis of polyallylamine, a polymer with applications in water treatment.
Triallylamine is employed as a flocculant in the purification of water by aiding in the removal of suspended solids and impurities.

In the papermaking industry, triallylamine-based polymers are used to improve paper strength and reduce paper machine runnability issues.
Triallylamine is utilized in the production of resins and adhesives, contributing to their adhesive and bonding properties.
Triallylamine-based polymers can be found in the formulation of coatings and paints for improved durability and adhesion.
Triallylamine is used in the creation of specialty films and membranes with enhanced separation and filtration capabilities.

Triallylamine can act as a cross-linking agent in rubber compounds, improving their mechanical properties.
In the automotive industry, it can be found in rubber seals and gaskets to enhance their resistance to heat and chemicals.
Triallylamine is employed in the development of ion-exchange resins for various chemical processes.
Triallylamine-based materials are used as supports for catalysts in chemical reactions.

Triallylamine plays a role in the production of thermosetting polymers that exhibit excellent heat resistance.
Triallylamine is used in the formulation of coatings for printed circuit boards (PCBs) to improve electrical performance.
In the electronics industry, it can be found in encapsulants for semiconductor devices.
Triallylamine is used in the creation of thermosetting plastics with high dimensional stability.
Triallylamine-based resins are used in composite materials to enhance their mechanical strength and durability.
Triallylamine can be found in the development of adhesives for bonding metal, glass, and plastic substrates.

In the textile industry, triallylamine-based polymers are used in fabric finishing for improved crease resistance.
Triallylamine is employed in the production of specialty inks and coatings with strong adhesion properties.
Triallylamine-based materials are utilized in the creation of reinforced rubber products.
In the oil and gas sector, it can be used as a component in downhole sealing materials.
Triallylamine is used in the manufacture of specialty rubber compounds for the aerospace industry.

Triallylamine is employed in the development of pressure-sensitive adhesives for tapes and labels.
Triallylamine-based polymers are used in the formulation of dental materials for dental impression procedures.
Triallylamine's versatility in polymerization reactions makes it valuable in various industries, including automotive, electronics, construction, and healthcare.

In the construction industry, triallylamine-based polymers are used as additives in concrete formulations to improve their durability and reduce shrinkage.
Triallylamine is employed in the development of thermosetting plastics used in the manufacturing of molded parts for appliances and machinery.

Triallylamine-based materials find applications in the creation of coatings for corrosion protection in marine and industrial settings.
In the aerospace sector, it is used in composite materials for aircraft components, offering high strength-to-weight ratios.
Triallylamine can be found in the production of epoxy resins used in the construction of wind turbine blades.

Triallylamine plays a role in the formulation of high-performance adhesives for bonding composite aircraft structures.
In the automotive industry, triallylamine-based polymers are used in the production of lightweight components and fuel-efficient vehicles.
Triallylamine is employed in the development of electrical insulating materials with excellent dielectric properties.

Triallylamine-based adhesives are used in the assembly of medical devices, ensuring strong and reliable bonds.
Triallylamine can be found in the creation of high-temperature-resistant gaskets and seals for industrial applications.
Triallylamine is used in the formulation of anti-corrosion coatings for pipelines and storage tanks.
In the oil and gas sector, it can be found in the production of downhole tools and equipment.

Triallylamine-based materials are utilized in the production of flexible printed circuits (FPCs) for electronics.
Triallylamine plays a role in the creation of thermosetting polymers used in the aerospace industry for composites and structural components.
In the manufacturing of optical lenses, triallylamine-based coatings are used for anti-reflective properties.

Triallylamine can be employed in the development of epoxy-based composite materials for the marine industry.
Triallylamine is used in the synthesis of specialty rubber compounds for seals, O-rings, and gaskets.
Triallylamine is found in the formulation of high-impact-resistant plastics used in safety equipment and helmets.

Triallylamine-based polymers are used in the creation of flame-retardant materials for electrical and electronic applications.
In the production of aerospace composites, it contributes to materials with low thermal expansion properties.
Triallylamine-based adhesives are used in the assembly of solar panels and photovoltaic systems.
Triallylamine plays a role in the formulation of high-performance coatings for automotive parts to improve wear resistance.
In the medical field, triallylamine-based materials are used in the development of biocompatible implants and medical devices.

Triallylamine can be found in the synthesis of thermosetting resins used in the construction of sporting goods, such as tennis rackets and golf club heads.
Triallylamine's versatility in enhancing material properties makes it an important component in the development of advanced materials across a wide range of industries.
Triallylamine is utilized in the production of epoxy-based composites used in the construction of lightweight and high-strength components for the automotive and aerospace industries.
Triallylamine is employed in the creation of specialty coatings for optical lenses to reduce glare and improve clarity.

Triallylamine-based adhesives are used in the assembly of electronic devices, ensuring strong and reliable connections in circuitry.
In the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs), it contributes to the production of laminates with excellent electrical insulation properties.

Triallylamine can be found in the formulation of thermosetting resins used in the casting of electrical insulators and transformer components.
Triallylamine plays a role in the development of high-performance composite materials for sporting equipment like skis and snowboards.
Triallylamine-based polymers are employed in the creation of coatings for marine vessels to protect against fouling and corrosion.
Triallylamine is used in the formulation of high-temperature-resistant adhesives and sealants for industrial applications.
In the energy sector, triallylamine is used in the construction of wind turbine blades to enhance their structural integrity and durability.

Triallylamine-based materials are utilized in the development of advanced automotive parts, including lightweight body panels and fuel-efficient engine components.
Triallylamine can be found in the production of specialty rubber compounds for the manufacture of durable conveyor belts.

Triallylamine is employed in the formulation of adhesives for bonding various substrates, including metals, plastics, and ceramics.
Triallylamine plays a role in the creation of corrosion-resistant coatings for the protection of steel structures and pipelines in harsh environments.
In the electronics industry, triallylamine-based materials are used in the encapsulation of integrated circuits (ICs) and semiconductor devices.

Triallylamine is found in the synthesis of high-performance resins used in the construction of aircraft interiors, ensuring fire resistance and low smoke generation.
Triallylamine can be utilized in the production of flexible packaging materials with excellent barrier properties against moisture and gases.
Triallylamine-based polymers are employed in the formulation of anti-static materials for electronic packaging to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD).
Triallylamine plays a role in the development of high-impact-resistant plastics used in the manufacturing of safety helmets and protective gear.

In the food and beverage industry, triallylamine can be used in the production of food-grade coatings for packaging materials.
Triallylamine-based adhesives are utilized in the assembly of medical devices, ensuring biocompatibility and strong bonding in healthcare applications.
Triallylamine is employed in the creation of thermosetting resins used in the casting of complex and intricate parts for industrial equipment.

Triallylamine is found in the formulation of anti-corrosion coatings for offshore oil and gas platforms to protect against harsh marine environments.
Triallylamine can be used in the synthesis of radiation-curable materials for printing inks and varnishes with fast curing times.
Triallylamine-based materials are employed in the development of durable and abrasion-resistant flooring materials for commercial and industrial spaces.

In the textile industry, triallylamine can be found in fabric coatings for water and oil repellency, enhancing the performance of outdoor apparel.
Triallylamine is used in the formulation of specialty sealants and gaskets for the automotive industry to provide reliable sealing against fluids and gases.
In the field of aerospace engineering, it contributes to the production of composite materials for aircraft interiors, ensuring fire resistance and reduced smoke emission in case of fires.

Triallylamine-based resins are employed in the creation of composite rocket motor casings for the space industry, offering exceptional strength and heat resistance.
Triallylamine can be found in the manufacturing of friction materials for brake pads and clutches, enhancing their performance and durability.
Triallylamine is used in the development of anti-graffiti coatings for public transportation systems and architectural structures.

In the electronics sector, it plays a role in the formulation of conformal coatings to protect printed circuit boards (PCBs) from moisture and environmental factors.
Triallylamine-based materials are utilized in the construction of specialized components for the oil and gas exploration industry, including downhole tools and drill bits.
Triallylamine can be employed in the production of thermosetting resins for the casting of electrical bushings and insulators.

Triallylamine is used in the creation of radiation-curable inks for high-speed printing applications in the packaging and labeling industries.
Triallylamine contributes to the development of high-performance adhesives for the assembly of medical devices and implants, ensuring biocompatibility and long-term reliability.
In the field of marine engineering, triallylamine-based coatings are used to protect ship hulls from fouling and corrosion.
Triallylamine is found in the formulation of coatings for optical lenses, offering anti-reflective and scratch-resistant properties.
Triallylamine is employed in the creation of lightweight and high-strength materials for the construction of drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

Triallylamine-based polymers are used in the development of dental materials, including dental composites and adhesives for restorative procedures.
Triallylamine plays a role in the formulation of thermosetting resins for the production of fiberglass-reinforced composites used in the construction of boats and watercraft.

In the automotive sector, triallylamine contributes to the development of lightweight and fuel-efficient vehicle components, such as engine components and structural parts.
Triallylamine-based materials are utilized in the creation of coatings for architectural glass, providing solar control and energy efficiency.
Triallylamine is employed in the production of radiation-curable coatings for wood finishes, ensuring rapid curing and a durable finish.

Triallylamine can be found in the formulation of high-performance adhesives for the aerospace industry, including the bonding of composite aircraft structures.
Triallylamine plays a role in the development of specialty paints and coatings for industrial equipment, offering resistance to chemicals and harsh environments.
Triallylamine-based resins are used in the construction of fuel cells for clean energy applications, ensuring stability and durability.
Triallylamine contributes to the creation of specialty materials for 3D printing, enabling the fabrication of complex and customized parts.
Triallylamine is employed in the formulation of thermosetting polymers for the production of fire-resistant cables and wire insulation.
In the textile industry, it can be found in coatings for flame-resistant fabrics used in protective workwear and uniforms.

Triallylamine-based materials are utilized in the development of high-temperature-resistant adhesives and sealants for aerospace and automotive applications.
Triallylamine is employed in the formulation of heat-resistant coatings for industrial furnaces and equipment exposed to high temperatures.
Triallylamine-based resins are used in the construction of lightweight and impact-resistant materials for the production of sports equipment, including hockey sticks and bicycle frames.
It plays a role in the development of adhesives and sealants for the installation and maintenance of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems.

Triallylamine is found in the production of thermosetting plastics used in the construction of components for electric vehicle charging infrastructure.
In the aerospace industry, it contributes to the creation of flame-retardant materials for aircraft interiors, enhancing passenger safety.
Triallylamine-based materials are utilized in the development of coatings for architectural glass, offering self-cleaning and anti-graffiti properties.
Triallylamine is employed in the formulation of radiation-curable coatings for wood flooring, providing a durable and scratch-resistant finish.

Triallylamine plays a role in the production of radiation-cured inks for high-speed printing on labels and packaging materials.
Triallylamine can be found in the synthesis of specialty resins used in the construction of high-performance golf club heads and tennis racket frames.
Triallylamine-based adhesives are used in the assembly of medical implants and devices, ensuring biocompatibility and long-lasting bonds.



DESCRIPTION


Triallylamine is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C9H15N.
Triallylamine is an organic compound belonging to the class of amines, which are compounds containing a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more alkyl or aryl groups.
Triallylamine is specifically characterized by having three allyl groups (-CH2-CH=CH2) attached to a central nitrogen atom.

Triallylamine is an organic compound with a distinctive, strong odor that is often described as pungent and unpleasant.
Triallylamine is composed of three allyl groups (-CH2-CH=CH2) bonded to a central nitrogen atom.

The molecular formula of triallylamine is C9H15N.
Triallylamine is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature.
Triallylamine belongs to the class of amines, which are organic compounds containing a nitrogen atom.

Triallylamine is highly reactive and can participate in various chemical reactions.
One of its primary uses is as a comonomer in the synthesis of polymers and copolymers.
Triallylamine can be polymerized to form polyallylamine, which has applications in water treatment and papermaking.

In polymer chemistry, it acts as a cross-linking agent, helping to create network-like structures in certain polymer materials.
Triallylamine can be used in the production of cross-linked polymers with improved physical and chemical properties.
Triallylamine is employed in the manufacturing of resins and adhesives, contributing to their bonding and adhesive qualities.

Triallylamine can serve as a reagent in chemical reactions to introduce allyl groups into organic molecules.
Due to its reactivity, it must be handled with care and in accordance with safety guidelines.
Triallylamine is often stored and transported in containers compatible with the chemical's properties.

Triallylamine is known for its strong tendency to polymerize spontaneously when exposed to air or heat.
Triallylamine is sensitive to moisture and should be stored in a dry environment to prevent degradation.
Triallylamine is used as a flocculant in certain industrial processes to help aggregate and settle suspended particles in water.

In addition to its industrial uses, triallylamine has applications in research and chemical synthesis.
Proper ventilation is crucial when working with triallylamine due to its noxious odor.
Personal protective equipment, including gloves and safety goggles, should be worn when handling the compound.
Triallylamine is important to follow safety data sheet (SDS) guidelines when using triallylamine in the laboratory or industrial settings.

Triallylamine's reactivity makes it valuable for creating specialty materials with specific properties.
Its chemical structure consists of a nitrogen atom surrounded by three alkene groups.
The CAS number for triallylamine is 102-70-5, and the EC number is 203-049-8.
Triallylamine plays a significant role in the development of cross-linked polymers, resins, and adhesives, contributing to various industries.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C9H15N
Molecular Weight: Approximately 137.22 grams per mole
Physical State: Liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Strong and unpleasant
Melting Point: Approximately -63°C (-81.4°F)
Boiling Point: Approximately 151-153°C (303.8-307.4°F)
Density: Approximately 0.843 g/cm³ at 25°C (77°F)
Solubility in Water: Low, only slightly soluble in water
Solubility in Common Organic Solvents: Soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether
Vapor Pressure: Low
Refractive Index (nD): Approximately 1.470 at 20°C (68°F)
Flash Point: Approximately 53°C (127.4°F)
Autoignition Temperature: Approximately 200-225°C (392-437°F)
Explosive Limits: Not applicable (non-explosive)
pH: Basic (alkaline) in water
Viscosity: Low viscosity liquid
Hydrogen Bond Donor: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor: 1
Chemical Structure: Triallylamine consists of three allyl groups (-CH2-CH=CH2) attached to a central nitrogen atom.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If triallylamine fumes or vapors are inhaled and respiratory distress occurs, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
Ensure that the person is breathing in a well-ventilated area.

Seek Medical Attention:
If the individual experiences severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, wheezing, or chest tightness, seek immediate medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
If triallylamine comes into contact with the skin, promptly remove contaminated clothing and jewelry to prevent further exposure.

Wash Skin:
Wash the affected skin area gently but thoroughly with soap and lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Avoid using hot water, which can increase skin absorption.

Seek Medical Attention:
If skin irritation, redness, blistering, or chemical burns occur, seek medical attention immediately.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes:
If triallylamine contacts the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing, lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Ensure that both eyes are thoroughly rinsed, holding the eyelids open to allow adequate flushing.

Remove Contact Lenses:
If applicable, remove contact lenses during the rinsing process if they can be easily removed.

Seek Medical Attention:
Even if there are no immediate symptoms, seek medical evaluation for eye exposure to ensure there is no damage or delayed effects.


Ingestion:

Do NOT Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting if triallylamine is ingested.
Rinse the mouth and lips with water to remove any residual chemical.

Seek Medical Help:
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.
Provide them with as much information as possible regarding the type and amount of exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or a face shield, a lab coat or protective clothing, and chemical-resistant footwear when handling triallylamine.
Ensure that PPE is in good condition and properly fitted.

Ventilation:
Use triallylamine only in a well-ventilated area, such as a fume hood or with local exhaust ventilation.
Adequate ventilation helps to minimize exposure to vapors and fumes.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid direct skin and eye contact with triallylamine.
In case of contact, follow the first aid measures and safety procedures outlined in the safety data sheet (SDS).

Respiratory Protection:
If there is a potential for airborne exposure or if working in an enclosed space, use appropriate respiratory protection, such as a chemical cartridge respirator or supplied-air respirator, as recommended by the SDS.

Handling Equipment:
Use chemical-resistant equipment, including containers, pumps, and transfer hoses, when transferring or dispensing triallylamine.

Avoid Open Flames and Sparks:
Triallylamine is flammable.
Avoid working near open flames, sparks, or other potential ignition sources.
Ensure that electrical equipment is suitable for use in hazardous areas.

Static Electricity:
Prevent the buildup of static electricity by using grounded containers and equipment.
Bond and ground containers before transferring or decanting triallylamine to minimize the risk of static discharge.

Labeling:
Ensure that containers are properly labeled with the chemical name, hazard warnings, and safety information as required by regulations.


Storage:

Storage Area:
Store triallylamine in a cool, well-ventilated, and dry storage area away from incompatible materials, such as strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizers.

Temperature:
Store at temperatures below its boiling point to prevent excessive vapor pressure in containers.
The specific storage temperature may vary but is typically within the range of 2°C to 8°C (35.6°F to 46.4°F).

Containers:
Use chemical-resistant containers made of materials compatible with triallylamine, such as glass or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use.

Labeling:
Maintain clear and legible labels on storage containers, including the product name, hazard information, and storage instructions.

Separation:
Store triallylamine away from strong acids, strong bases, oxidizers, and incompatible materials to prevent chemical reactions or contamination.

Fire Protection:
Implement fire protection measures in the storage area, including fire extinguishers and appropriate firefighting equipment. Store away from open flames and ignition sources.

Emergency Equipment:
Ensure that emergency eyewash stations and safety showers are readily accessible in case of accidental exposure.

Spill Control:
Have spill control measures and materials (e.g., absorbents, spill kits) available in case of spills or leaks.

Security:
Restrict access to authorized personnel only, and store triallylamine away from areas with heavy foot traffic.

Inventory Control:
Keep an inventory record of the quantity of triallylamine in storage, along with its usage and disposal information.

Regulatory Compliance:
Comply with local, state, and national regulations regarding the storage and handling of hazardous chemicals, including triallylamine.



SYNONYMS


2-Propen-1-amine, N-2-propenyl-
2-Propenylamine
N-Allyl-2-propen-1-amine
N-Allylallylamine
N-Allylpropen-2-amine
Tris(2-propenyl)amine
TAA
TAA-99
Allylamine, N,N-di-2-propenyl-
Tri-2-propenylamine
Allylpropenylamine
Tris(2-propenyl)amine
N,N-Diallylpropen-2-amine
N,N-Di-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-amine
Tripropenylamine
3-Propenylamine, N,N-di-
N-2-Propenylprop-2-en-1-amine
2-Propenylamine, N,N-di-
2-Propenylamine, 3-[(2-propenylamino)methyl]-1H-indole
N-Allyldiallylamine
Tris(2-propenyl)aminium chloride
2-Propen-1-amine, N,N-di-2-propenyl-
Triallylamin
3-[(2-Propenylamino)methyl]-1H-indole
Diallylpropenylamine

Triallylamine is a colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Triallylamine is manufactured using allyl chloride and ammonia under heat and pressure.
Triallylamine undergoes hydrozirconation followed by transmetalation with germanium tetrachloride to form 1-aza-5-germa-5-chlorobicyclo undecane.

CAS Number: 102-70-5
Molecular Formula: C9H15N
Molecular Weight: 137.22
EINECS Number: 203-048-2

Synonyms: TRIALLYLAMINE, 102-70-5, 2-Propen-1-amine, N,N-di-2-propenyl-, Tris(2-propenyl)amine, N,N-bis(prop-2-enyl)prop-2-en-1-amine, 2-Propen-1-amine, N,N-di-2-propen-1-yl-, N,N-Di-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-amine, B6N19XC04R, DTXSID5026174, NSC-32635, Triallyl Amine CCRIS 4876, N,N-diallylprop-2-en-1-amine, HSDB 2904, EINECS 203-048-2, NSC 32635, UN2610, BRN 1740881, UNII-B6N19XC04R, tris(prop-2-en-1-yl)amine, triallyl-amine, (CH2=CHCH2)3N, AI3-52705, 4-04-00-01061 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Triallylamine, 99% TRIALLYLAMINE [HSDB], SCHEMBL20656, DTXCID506174, CHEMBL3188834, CHEBI:192451, N,N-Diallyl-2-propen-1-amine #, AMY22241, NSC32635, Tox21_300670, MFCD00026093, 2-Propen-1-amine,N-di-2-propenyl-, WLN: 1U2N2U1 & 2U1, AKOS015840489,UN 2610, NCGC00248135-01, NCGC00254578-01, CAS-102-70-5, LS-13670, N,N-bis(prop-2-enyl)-2-propen-1-amine, FT-0653420, T0332, Triallylamine [UN2610] [Flammable liquid], EN300-7644092, A800604, J-000772, Q23779745, InChI=1/C9H15N/c1-4-7-10(8-5-2)9-6-3/h4-6H,1-3,7-9H

Triallylamine can react with Grignard or lithium reagents to form the corresponding 5-organo compounds.
The cycloaddition of TAA to fluorinated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles affords octahydro-2,7-methanofuro[3,2-c]pyridines.
Triallylamine is employed in the production of other chemicals.

Triallylamine is also mainly applied in organic synthesis and resin modifiers.
Triallylamine is used in the cross linking of high absorbent and the intermediates of ion exchange resin.
Triallylamine can also be employed in producing polyester activator and the evocating agent of butadiene polymerization.

Triallylamine is a colorless to pale-yellow liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
As with many organic compounds, triallylamine may have some degree of flammability.
Triallylamine's important to take appropriate precautions to prevent the risk of fire in handling and storage.

Triallylamine can be used in the production of adhesive tapes, contributing to the adhesive properties that enable effective bonding.
In rubber processing, triallylamine may be employed as a crosslinking agent during vulcanization, enhancing the strength and elasticity of rubber products.
Triallylamine has been explored as a photoinitiator in the development of dental materials, where light exposure triggers polymerization for dental applications.

Triallylamine has been investigated for its use in the synthesis of conductive polymers, which have applications in electronic devices.
Chemists may use triallylamine in various organic synthesis reactions, taking advantage of its nucleophilic properties and allyl groups.
Research suggests potential applications in medical and biomedical fields, such as in the development of biomaterials and drug delivery systems.

Triallylamine may be chosen for its compatibility with certain resin systems, influencing the properties of the resulting composite materials.
In addition to its role as a crosslinking agent, Triallylamine may also be used as an additive in polymer formulations to achieve specific performance characteristics.
Triallylamine's chemical structure, featuring allyl groups, may make it compatible with aromatic compounds in certain reactions.

Triallylamine has been explored for its potential use in electrocatalytic processes, where it may participate in reactions at electrode surfaces.
Triallylamine can be employed in the functionalization of carbon nanotubes, leading to modified properties and enhanced compatibility in certain applications.
Due to its amine groups, triallylamine can form metal complexes, and it is involved in coordination chemistry reactions.

In the field of drug delivery, triallylamine has been investigated for its role in designing polymer matrices that release drugs in a controlled manner.
Triallylamine may be used in the development of gas separation membranes, contributing to the selectivity and permeability of the membrane material.
Triallylamine has been studied for its potential application in the development of photoresponsive materials that can undergo changes in properties upon exposure to light.

Triallylamine may be incorporated into polymer blends to achieve desired properties in the resulting material, such as improved mechanical strength or thermal stability.
Triallylamine can be utilized in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors, where it may participate in reactions with target analytes.
Triallylamine is commonly used in the synthesis of polymers, resins, and crosslinking agents for coatings, adhesives, and sealants.

Triallylamine can also be used as a chemical intermediate in organic synthesis.
Triallylamine should be handled with caution as it can cause skin irritation and eye damage if not properly protected.
Triallylamine should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of heat or ignition.

Performance data shows that this product meets purity standards of 99% and does not have any significant environmental impact when handled correctly.
Triallylamine may exhibit hygroscopic properties, meaning it can absorb moisture from the surrounding environment.
This can impact its handling and storage considerations.

Triallylamine is used as a solvent and in organic syntheses.
Triallylamine is multifunctional, featuring a tertiary amine and three alkene groups.

Triallylamine (and mono- and diallyl amines) is produced by the treating allyl chloride with ammonia.
Triallylamine have particularly weak α-CH bonds, being near 80 kcal/mol.
Triallylamine is a flammble liquid. Triallylamine can be detected at 0.5 ppm and is severely irritating at 75 ppm.

Triallylamine reacts with primary aromatic amines in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst to form 2-ethyl-3-methylquinolines.
The chemical structure can be represented as (CH2=CH-CH2)3N.
Triallylamine is the organic compound with the formula N(CH2CH=CH2)3.

Triallylamine is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C9H15N.
Triallylamine belongs to the amine group of organic compounds and is characterized by the presence of three allyl groups (CH2=CH-CH2) attached to a central amine nitrogen atom.

Melting point: -70°C
Boiling point: 150-151 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.79 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 4.73 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 90 mm Hg ( 80 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.451(lit.)
Flash point: 87 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
pka: pK1:8.31(+1) (25°C)
form: clear liquid
color: Colorless to Yellow to Orange
Water Solubility: 250 g/100 mL
Stability: Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: VPYJNCGUESNPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 102-70-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1

Triallylamine may exhibit chemical stability under certain conditions, making it suitable for use in various chemical reactions and processes.
Triallylamine can function as a catalyst or co-catalyst in certain chemical reactions, facilitating reaction pathways or influencing reaction kinetics.
Triallylamine might find applications in biochemical research or processes due to its amine functionality, which can participate in reactions involving amino groups.

In addition to its role in polymers, triallylamine can be used as a crosslinking agent in coatings, contributing to improved adhesion and coating properties.
Triallylamine has been studied for its use in electropolymerization processes, where polymers are formed through electrochemical reactions.
Triallylamine is utilized as a curing agent in resin systems, participating in reactions that lead to the hardening or curing of the resin.

Triallylamine can be employed for the functionalization of materials, introducing specific chemical functionalities for tailored properties.
The amine groups in triallylamine make Triallylamine a nucleophile, and it can be utilized in organic synthesis reactions involving nucleophilic substitution.
Triallylamine may be used in photocuring processes where exposure to light initiates polymerization or crosslinking reactions.

Triallylamine can play a role in adhesive formulations, contributing to the bonding strength and characteristics of adhesives.
Triallylamine has been investigated for its involvement in chemiluminescence reactions, where light is emitted as a result of a chemical reaction.
Triallylamine may find application in the formulation of anti-corrosive coatings, contributing to the protective properties of the coating on metal surfaces.

Triallylamine is amine groups can act as chelating agents, forming stable complexes with certain metal ions.
In UV-curable resin systems, triallylamine may be used to initiate or contribute to crosslinking reactions upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.
There is potential for triallylamine to be explored in certain agricultural applications, such as in the development of controlled-release formulations for agrochemicals.

Triallylamine is a strong reducing agent that reacts violently with oxidizing agents.
Corrosive towards Al and Zn [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 912] .
Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.

May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Triallylamine is often employed as a crosslinking agent in the production of polymers, particularly in processes where the formation of a three-dimensional network structure is desired for improved mechanical properties.

Uses:
Triallylamine has been explored for its involvement in chemiluminescence reactions, which are reactions that produce light emission.
Triallylamine has been explored for potential use in dental materials, particularly in the development of materials used in dental procedures or restorations.
Triallylamine may find application in the textile industry, where its crosslinking properties could be utilized in fabric treatments or finishes to enhance the durability of textiles.

Triallylamine might be employed as a component in fuel additives to improve certain properties, stability, or combustion characteristics of the fuel.
The chelating properties of triallylamine may be relevant in water treatment processes, where it could be used in the removal or sequestration of certain metal ions.
Triallylamine could be included in formulations for metalworking fluids, providing lubrication and cooling during machining processes in the metalworking industry.

Due to its role as a photoinitiator, triallylamine may be utilized in the formulation of photocurable materials, where exposure to light initiates rapid curing or hardening.
Triallylamine might be used as an additive in concrete formulations to modify the properties of concrete, such as improving workability or enhancing the strength of cured concrete.
Triallylamine has applications in electropolymerization processes, where polymers are formed through electrochemical reactions.

In the electronics industry, Triallylamine may find use in the synthesis of materials for electronic devices, such as conductive polymers or materials with specific electronic properties.
Triallylamine may be utilized in the oil and gas industry for the formulation of certain chemicals used in oilfield applications, such as drilling fluids or production chemicals.
Triallylamine can be employed in analytical chemistry as a reagent or a component in methods requiring its specific chemical properties.

Triallylamine might be used as a component in formulations for flavors and fragrances, contributing to the overall characteristics of the final product.
In biomedical research, triallylamine may be studied for its potential applications in the development of biomaterials or drug delivery systems.
Triallylamine is used in the formulation of anti-corrosive coatings, providing protection to metal surfaces against corrosion.

In UV-curable resin systems, triallylamine may contribute to crosslinking reactions upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, leading to the hardening or curing of the resin.
There is potential for triallylamine to be explored in agricultural applications, such as in the development of controlled-release formulations for agrochemicals.
Due to its amine groups, triallylamine can act as a chelating agent, forming stable complexes with certain metal ions.

Triallylamine is used in organic synthesis.Triallylamine has been proposed as a catalyst for the production of polyesters and as an initiator for the polymerization of butadiene.
Triallylamine (TAA) reacts with primary aromatic amines in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst to form 2-ethyl-3-methylquinolines.
Triallylamine undergoes hydrozirconation followed by transmetalation with germanium tetrachloride to form 1-aza-5-germa-5-chlorobicyclo[3.3.3]undecane.

Triallylamine can react with Grignard or lithium reagents to form the corresponding 5-organo compounds.
The cycloaddition of Triallylamine to fluorinated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles affords octahydro-2,7-methanofuro[3,2-c]pyridines.
Triallylamine uses and applications include: unsaturated polyester resin comonomer; crosslinking comonomer; production of some rubbers, ion exchange resins, organic chemicals.

Triallylamine may be used in the formulation of adhesives, where its properties contribute to the bonding characteristics of the adhesive.
Triallylamine can serve as a crosslinking agent in the production of rubber, contributing to the formation of a three-dimensional network structure in the polymer.
Triallylamine can act as an initiator in free radical polymerization reactions, initiating the polymerization of certain monomers.

Triallylamine is used as a crosslinking agent in the production of composite materials, providing enhanced structural integrity.
In coordination chemistry, triallylamine can function as an electron donor ligand in the formation of coordination compounds.
Triallylamine may be employed in the synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds, which have applications in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Triallylamine can be used as a photoinitiator in certain polymerization reactions initiated by light exposure.
Added to resin formulations to modify the properties of the resin, such as improving its crosslinking density.
Triallylamine is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds with specific functionalities.

Applied as a crosslinking agent in textile finishes to enhance the durability and performance of textiles.
Triallylamine can be involved in the synthesis of ion exchange resins, which find applications in water treatment and other separation processes.
Triallylamine utilized in research and development activities, particularly in laboratories exploring new materials and chemical processes.

Triallylamine is mainly applied in organic synthesis and resin modifier, also can be used in the crosslinking of high absorbent and the intermediates of ion exchange resin.
According to some reports, Triallylamine can be used in producing polyester activator and the evocating agent of butadiene polymerization.
Triallylamine can be used as a monomer in polymerization reactions to form polymers with specific properties.

Triallylamine may be employed as a crosslinking agent in the synthesis of polymers or other materials, contributing to improved mechanical properties.
In some cases, triallylamine can serve as an initiator in certain polymerization reactions, starting the chain reaction that forms polymers.
Triallylamine is used as a reactant or reagent in various chemical synthesis processes, particularly those involving the formation of carbon-carbon bonds.

Triallylamine might be used as an additive in resin formulations to modify the properties of the resulting resin or polymer.
Triallylamine can be employed as a crosslinking agent in the formulation of coatings, contributing to enhanced durability and performance.
Triallylamine is used as a monomer in polymerization reactions to produce polymers with specific properties.

Triallylamine is allyl groups make it suitable for crosslinking reactions, leading to the formation of three-dimensional networks.
Triallylamine serves as a crosslinking agent in the production of polymers and resins, enhancing the mechanical strength, durability, and other properties of the final material.
Triallylamine is employed in the formulation of adhesives, contributing to the adhesive properties and bond strength in adhesive products.

In rubber processing, triallylamine is used as a crosslinking agent during vulcanization, improving the elasticity and strength of rubber products.
Triallylamine can act as a photoinitiator in certain polymerization reactions initiated by exposure to light, enabling controlled and rapid polymerization.
Triallylamine is utilized in coatings to improve adhesion, durability, and other performance characteristics. It can act as a crosslinking agent in the curing of coatings.

Triallylamine has been studied for its potential applications in electrocatalysis and as a component in electrochemical sensors due to its reactivity.
Triallylamine is investigated for its role in designing polymer matrices for drug delivery systems, contributing to controlled release mechanisms.
Triallylamine may be used in the development of gas separation membranes, influencing selectivity and permeability in gas separation processes.

Safety Profile:
Triallylamine human systemic effects by inhalation: structural or functional changes in trachea or bronchi.
Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, flame or oxidlzers.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Triallylamine poison by skin contact and intraperitoneal routes.
Moderately toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
Triallylamine an eye and severe skin irritant.

Health Hazard:
Triallylamine may cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed.
Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

Triallylamine vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

Fire Hazard:
Triallylamine, flammable/combustible material.
May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
Triallylamine vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.

Triallylamine vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.

Triallylamine, runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
Containers may explode when heated.
Many liquids are lighter than water.

Triallylamine is transparent and colorless to yellowish liquid, has ammoniac odor.
The Triallylamine with CAS registry number of 102-70-5 is also called 2-Propen-1-amine,N,N-di-2-propen-1-yl-.
The IUPAC name is N,N-bis(prop-2-enyl)prop-2-en-1-amine.


CAS Number: 102-70-5
EC Number: 203-048-2
MDL number: MFCD00026093
Chemical formula: C9H15N


Triallylamine's EINECS registry number is 203-048-2.
In addition, the molecular formula of Triallylamine is C9H15N and the molecular weight is 137.22.
Triallylamine is a kind of dark brown liquid and belongs to the classes of Acyclic; Alkenes; Organic Building Blocks.


And Triallylamine should be stored in a cool and ventilated place.
Relative density of Triallylamine (water=1) is 0.809g/cm³ melting point:-70℃, boiling point:155-156℃, flash point:39.4℃.
In addition, Triallylamine can be used as intermediate of ion exchange resins, crosslinker of high absorbent and metal resist.


What's more, Triallylamine can react with 4-ethyl-aniline to get 2,6-diethyl-3-methyl-quinoline.
This reaction will need reagents ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate, bis(diphenylphosphino)methane and tin(II) chloride dihydrate, and solvent dioxane.
The reaction time is 20 hours at reaction temperature of 180 °C.


The yield is about 65%.
Triallylamine is the organic compound with the formula N(CH2CH=CH2)3.
Triallylamine is a colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor.


Triallylamine is multifunctional, featuring a tertiary amine and three alkene groups.
Triallylamine (and mono- and diallyl amines) is produced by the treating allyl chloride with ammonia.
Allylamines have particularly weak α-CH bonds, being near 80 kcal/mol.


Triallylamine appears as a colorless liquid with a fishlike odor.
Hence Triallylamine floats on water.
Triallylamine's vapors are heavier than air.


Triallylamine is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, for intermediate use only.
Triallylamine is a tertiary amino compound.
Triallylamine is not miscible or difficult to mix in water.


Triallylamine stores away from strong oxidizing agents and acids.
Triallylamine protects against electrostatic charges and keep away from ignition sources.
Triallylamine is a colorless liquid with a fishlike odor.


Triallylamine's density is 0.800 g / cm3 and insoluble in water.
Hence Triallylamine floats on water.
Triallylamine's flash point is 103°F.


Triallylamine's vapors are heavier than air.
Triallylamine reacts with primary aromatic amines in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst to form 2-ethyl-3-methylquinolines.
Triallylamine undergoes hydrozirconation followed by transmetalation with germanium tetrachloride to form 1-aza-5-germa-5-chlorobicyclo[3.3.3]undecane.


Triallylamine can react with Grignard or lithium reagents to form the corresponding 5-organo compounds.
The cycloaddition of Triallylamine to fluorinated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles affords octahydro-2,7-methanofuro[3,2-c]pyridine.



USES and APPLICATIONS of TRIALLYLAMINE:
Triallylamine is used as a chemical intermediate to produce ion exchange resins and rubber.
Triallylamine is used as extractant of uranium and rare metals, and it can be used for organic synthesis and resin modified.
Triallylamine is mainly applied in organic synthesis and resin modifier, also can be used in the crosslinking of high absorbent and the intermediates of.


According to some reports, Triallylamine can be used in producing activator and the evocating agent of
Triallylamine is mainly applied in organic synthesis and resin modifier, also can be used in the crosslinking of high absorbent and the intermediates of ion exchange resin.


According to some reports, Triallylamine can be used in producing polyester activator and the evocating agent of butadiene polymerization.
Triallylamine is used to make other chemicals.
Triallylamine is used to make other chemicals.


Triallylamine is employed in the production of other chemicals.
Triallylamine is also mainly applied in organic synthesis and resin modifiers.


Triallylamine is used in the cross linking of high absorbent and the intermediates of ion exchange resin.
Triallylamine can also be employed in producing polyester activator and the evocating agent of butadiene polymerization.
Triallylamine is used to make other chemicals.



RELATED COMPOUNDS OF TRIALLYLAMINE:
*Allylamine
*Diallylamine



PREPARATION OF TRIALLYLAMINE:
Triallylamine can be prepared by diallylamine and 3-acetoxy-propene.
This reaction will need reagent cis,cis,cis-1,2,3,4-tetrakis(Ph2PCH2)cyclopentane, catalyst [PdCl(C3H5)]2 and solvent tetrahydrofuran.
The reaction time is 130 hours at reaction temperature of 25 °C.
The yield is about 95%.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TRIALLYLAMINE:
Chemical formula: C9H15N
Molar mass: 137.226 g·mol−1
Appearance: colorless liquid
Density: 0.809 g/cm3
Boiling point: 155.5 °C (311.9 °F; 428.6 K)
CAS: 102-70-5
Molecular Formula: C9H15N
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 137.226
MDL Number: MFCD00026093
InChI Key: VPYJNCGUESNPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 137.22 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 137.120449483 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 137.120449483 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 3.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 92.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 150 - 151 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 31 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 0,79 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 4,74 - (Air = 1.0)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.79000 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index: 1.45100 @ 20.00 °C.

Flash Point: 87.00 °F. TCC ( 30.56 °C. )
Soluble in: water, 2500 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
ACD/LogP: 3.32
ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 1.69
ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 3.13
ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 4.61
ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 127.74
ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 35.71
ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 990.08
H bond acceptors: 1
Freely Rotating Bonds: 6
Polar Surface Area: 3.24 Å2
Index of Refraction: 1.462
Molar Refractivity: 46.64 cm3
Molar Volume: 169.6 cm3
Polarizability: 18.49 ×10-24cm3
Surface Tension: 25.9 dyne/cm
Density: 0.808 g/cm3
Flash Point: 30.6 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 39.43 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 157.6 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 2.74 mmHg at 25°C.



FIRST AID MEASURES of TRIALLYLAMINE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TRIALLYLAMINE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of TRIALLYLAMINE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TRIALLYLAMINE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,2 mm
Break through time: 43 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of TRIALLYLAMINE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TRIALLYLAMINE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
TAA
TRIALLYLAMINE
102-70-5
2-Propen-1-amine, N,N-di-2-propenyl-
Tris(2-propenyl)amine
N,N-bis(prop-2-enyl)prop-2-en-1-amine
tris(prop-2-en-1-yl)amine
N,N-Di-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-amine
CCRIS 4876
HSDB 2904
2-Propen-1-amine, N,N-di-2-propen-1-yl-
EINECS 203-048-2
NSC 32635
UN2610
BRN 1740881
UNII-B6N19XC04R
AI3-52705
B6N19XC04R
DTXSID5026174
4-04-00-01061 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
NSC-32635
Triallyl Amine
N,N-diallylprop-2-en-1-amine
triallyl-amine
triallylamin-
(CH2=CHCH2)3N
Triallylamine, 99%
TRIALLYLAMINE [HSDB]
SCHEMBL20656
DTXCID506174
CHEMBL3188834
CHEBI:192451
LS-83
N,N-Diallyl-2-propen-1-amine #
ADAL1243817
AMY22241
NSC32635
Tox21_300670
MFCD00026093
NA2610
2-Propen-1-amine,N-di-2-propenyl-
WLN: 1U2N2U1 & 2U1
AKOS015840489
UN 2610
NCGC00248135-01
NCGC00254578-01
CAS-102-70-5
N,N-bis(prop-2-enyl)-2-propen-1-amine
FT-0653420
T0332
Triallylamine [UN2610]
2-propen-1-amina, N,N-di-2-propen-1-il-
Triallylamine [UN2610]
EN300-7644092
A800604
J-000772
Q23779745
InChI=1/C9H15N/c1-4-7-10(8-5-2)9-6-3/h4-6H,1-3,7-9H
2-Propen-1-amine,N,N-di-2-propenyl- (9CI)
Triallylamine (6CI,7CI,8CI)
N,N-Di-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-amine
Tris(2-propenyl)amine
Triallylamine
2-Propen-1-amine, N,N-di-2-propenyl-
AI3-52705
BRN 1740881
CCRIS 4876
HSDB 2904
N,N-Di-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-amine
NSC 32635
Tris(2-propenyl)amine
2-Propen-1-amine, N,N-di-2-propen-1-yl-
Triallylamine
UN2610;AMINOTRI-2-PROPENE
N,N,N-triallylamine
tertiaryamine
tri-2-propenylamine
Trialkylamine
triallyamine
TRIALLYAMINE HCL
Triallyl-amin
TRIALLYLAMINE
TAA;Tri-2-propenylamine
TRIALLYLAMINE
(CH2=CHCH2)3N
triallylaMate;Triallylamine 99%
2-PROPEN-1-AMINE, N,N-DI-2-PROPEN-1-YL-
2-PROPEN-1-AMINE, N,N-DI-2-PROPENYL-
N,N-DI-2-PROPENYL- 2-PROPEN-1-AMINE
NSC-32635
TRIALLYLAMINE
TRIALLYLAMINE [HSDB]
TRIS(2-PROPENYL)AMINE

Tri(butyl cellosolve) phosphate; Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate; TBEP; 2-Butoxyethanol phosphate; Phosphoric acid tris(2-butoxyethyl)ester; Tributyl cellosolve phosphate; Tri(2-butoxyethanol) phosphate; cas no: 78-51-3

DESCRIPTION:
Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(hydroxyethyl)-5-triazine is a viscous yellow liquid.

CAS: 4719-04-4
European Community (EC) Number: 225-208-0
IUPAC Name: 2-[3,5-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]ethanol
Molecular Formula: C9H21N3O3


USES OF TRIAZINETRIETHANOL:
Triazinetriethanol is Used as a formaldehyde-releasing biocide in metalworking fluids;
Triazinetriethanol is An antimicrobial (possesses some fungicidal activity) used to preserve adhesives, metalworking fluids, indoor construction materials, lubricants, aqueous mineral slurries, paints, stains, coatings, fuel and oil in storage, oil field drilling muds, inks and dyes, chemical and clinical reagents, industrial water systems, and household and industrial cleansers and detergents;



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT TRIAZINETRIETHANOL:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product





CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIAZINETRIETHANOL:
Molecular Weight 219.28 g/mol
XLogP3-AA -1.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 6
Rotatable Bond Count 6
Exact Mass 219.15829154 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 219.15829154 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 70.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count 15
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 130
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
CAS NO. 4719-04-4
EINECS NO. 225-208-0
FORMULA C9H21N3O3
MOL WT. 219.28
PHYSICAL STATE clear to light yellow liquid
BOILING POINT > 100 C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.14 - 1.16
SOLUBILITY IN WATER Soluble
SOLVENT SOLUBILITY
pH 10.5 - 11.5
VAPOR DENSITY 5.9
AUTOIGNITION NFPA RATINGS Health: 3; Flammability: 1; Reactivity: 1
REFRACTIVE INDEX 1.445 - 1.450
FLASH POINT > 94 C
STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions









SYNONYMS OF TRIAZINETRIETHANOL:
1,3,5-tris(hydroxy-ethyl)s-hexahydrotriazine
Grotan BK
KM 200
KM-200
4719-04-4
Actane
Grotan
2,2',2''-(1,3,5-triazinane-1,3,5-triyl)triethanol
Triazinetriethanol
Grotan BK
Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine
Grotan B
Kalpur TE
Onyxide 200
1,3,5-Triazine-1,3,5(2H,4H,6H)-triethanol
Roksol T 1-7
Nipacide BK
s-Triazine-1,3,5-triethanol
Busan 1060
Grotan HD
Rancidity control agent
KM 200 (alcohol)
Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine
ETA 75
KM 200
OU2JEB22IE
1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-s-triazine
NSC 516387
1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine
Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(hydroxyethyl)triazine
s-Triazine-1,3,5(2H,4H,6H)-triethanol
DTXSID7025394
1,3,5-Tris(hydroxy-ethyl)s-hexahydrotriazine
KM-200
tris(N-hydroxyethyl) hexahydrotriazine
1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane
NSC-516387
Bactraclean
Protectol HT
Acticide GR
Surcide D
Surcide P
Cobate C
Triadine 3
Bioban GK
Permachem OB 2
Busan 1506
Miliden X-2
Appolo-207
UNII-OU2JEB22IE
Hexahydro-1,3,5-tri(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine
SCHEMBL125784
N,N',N''-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-s-triazine
DTXCID405394
ETA-75
CHEMBL3561636
C9H21N3O3
2-[3,5-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]ethanol
Tox21_303727
MFCD01678788
NSC516387
AKOS024462548
Tris-hydroxyethyl-hexahydro-S-triazine
CS-W018942
Hexahydro-1,5-tris(hydroxyethyl)triazine
NCGC00357283-01
s-Triazine-1,5(2H,4H,6H)-triethanol
PD056846
CAS-4719-04-4
Hexahydro-1,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)triazine
1,3,5-tris-hydroxyethyl perhydro-s-triazine
FT-0675394
1,3,5-TRIHYDROXYETHYLHEXAHYDROTRIAZINE
1,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-s-triazine
Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)triazine
1,3,5-tris(2-Hydroxyethyl)perhydro-s-triazine
1,5-Triazine-1,3,5(2H,4H,6H)-triethanol
EC 225-208-0
Hexahydro-1,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine
1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)perhydro-s-tria-zine
Hexahydro-1,5-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)-s-triazine
4-26-00-00010 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
1,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine
Q27285845
TRIS(.BETA.-HYDROXYETHYL)HEXAHYDRO-S-TRIAZINE
TRIS(N-HYDROXYETHYL) HEXAHYDROTRIAZINE [INCI]