2-Propyn-1-ol; Acetyleneylcarbinol; Propyn-1-ol; Propargyl alcohol; 1-Propyne-3-ol; 2-Propynyl alcohol; Ethynylcarbinol; Ethynyl methanol; Prop-2-yn-1-ol; propiolic alcohol; Prop-2-in-1-ol; hydroxymethylacetylene; Acetylene carbinol CAS NO:107-19-7

DESCRIPTION:

Propargyl alcohol, or 2-propyn-1-ol, is an organic compound with the formula C3H4O.
Propargyl alcohol is the simplest stable alcohol containing an alkyne functional group.
Propargyl alcohol is a colorless viscous liquid that is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents.

CAS Number: 107-19-7
EC Number: 203-471-2
IUPAC name: Prop-2-yn-1-ol

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL:
Chemical formula: C3H4O
Molar mass: 56.064 g•mol−1
Appearance: Colorless to straw-colored liquid
Odor: geranium-like
Density : 0.9715 g/cm3
Melting point: −51 to −48 °C (−60 to −54 °F; 222 to 225 K)
Boiling point: 114 to 115 °C (237 to 239 °F; 387 to 388 K)
Solubility in water: miscible
Vapor pressure : 12 mmHg (20 °C)
Linear Formula: HC≡CCH2OH
CAS Number: 107-19-7
Molecular Weight: 56.06
Beilstein: 506003
EC Number: 203-471-2
MDL number: MFCD00002912
PubChem Substance ID: 24898591
vapor density: 1.93 (vs air)
Quality Level: 100
vapor pressure: 11.6 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Assay: 99%
refractive index: n20/D 1.432 (lit.)
bp: 114-115 °C (lit.)
Mp: −53 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.963 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
Molecular Weight 56.06
XLogP3 -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1
Rotatable Bond Count 0
Exact Mass 56.026214747
Monoisotopic Mass 56.026214747
Topological Polar Surface Area 20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count 4
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 38.5
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Appearance (Clarity) Clear
Appearance (Colour) Colourless
Appearance (Form) Liquid
Assay (GC) min. 99%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C 0.945-0.950
Refractive Index (20°C) 1.430-1.432
Boiling Range 112-115°C
Molecular Formula : C3H4O
Molecular Weight : 56.06
Storage : Room Temperature
Shelf Life : 60 Months
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.96300 @ 25.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 113.60 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 10.556000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 97.00 °F. TCC ( 36.11 °C. )
logP (o/w): -0.380

Propargyl alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a geranium-like odor.
The Flash point of Propargyl alcohol is 97 °F.
Vapors of Propargyl alcohol are heavier than air.

Propargyl alcohol is Used to make other chemicals, as a corrosion inhibitor and a soil fumigant.
Prop-2-yn-1-ol is a terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.
Propargyl alcohol has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and an antifungal agent.

Propargyl alcohol is a terminal acetylenic compound, a volatile organic compound and a propynol.
2-Propyn-1-ol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Propargyl alcohol is an organic compound with two reactive sides and is used as a chemical intermediate or as a corrosion inhibitor component in the industrial as well as profesional area.
Therefore, Propargyl alcohol can be used as a versatile intermediate, i.e. for the synthesis of antibiotics, pesticides, as a precursor to a fungicide (IPBC), as iron dissolution inhibitor in mineral acids, as corrosion inhibitor during oil well stimulation and as electroplating bath additive.

Propargyl alcohol is a solvent stabilizer that is useful as an intermediate in organic synthesis, an electroplating brightener additive.
Propargyl alcohol is useful 3-carbon fragment in acetylene coupling reactions
Propargyl alcohol undergoes Pd-catalyzed O-coupling with alcohols to give the corresponding 1-methoxyallyl ethers.
Solubility: Fully miscible in water.

Propargyl alcohol is a propargyl compound that has been shown to bind to the hydroxyl group of an allyl carbonate.
Propargyl alcohol has been shown to have carcinogenic effects in rats, but not in mice.
Propargyl alcohol is also a good electrochemical agent for the synthesis of 1,4-dioxane.

Propargyl alcohol reacts with an inorganic acid and forms a catalyst for the transfer reactions of organic compounds.
Propargyl alcohol induces enzymes and is used as an asymmetric synthesis reagent in human serum.




REACTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL:
Propargyl alcohol polymerizes with heating or treatment with base.
Propargyl alcohol is used as a corrosion inhibitor, a metal complex solution, a solvent stabilizer and an electroplating brightener additive.
Propargyl alcohol is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.

Secondary and tertiary substituted propargylic alcohols undergo catalyzed rearrangement reactions to form α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds via the Meyer–Schuster rearrangement and others.
Propargyl alcohol can be oxidized to propynal[4] or propargylic acid.

As an indication of the electronegativity of an sp carbon, propargyl alcohol is significantly more acidic (pKa = 13.6) compared to its sp2-containing analog allyl alcohol (pKa = 15.5), which is in turn more acidic than the fully saturated (sp3 carbons only) n-propyl alcohol (pKa = 16.1).


APPLICATIONS OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL:
Propargyl alcohol has been used as a key starting material in the [4+2] cycloisomerization mediated synthesis of various phthalide derivatives.
Propargyl alcohol can also be used to synthesize:

A variety of regioselective furan-3-carboxamides by reacting with 3-oxo amides using Ag2CO3 as a promoter.
β-oxopropyl esters by reacting with carboxylic acids in the presence of (arene) (phosphine)ruthenium(II) complex as a catalyst

Propargyl alcohol is a solvent stabilizer that is useful as an intermediate in organic synthesis, an electroplating brightener additive.
Propargyl alcohol is useful 3-carbon fragment in acetylene coupling reactions.
Propargyl alcohol undergoes Pd-catalyzed O-coupling with alcohols to give the corresponding 1-methoxyallyl ethers.

PREPARATION OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL:
Propargyl alcohol is produced by the copper-catalysed addition of formaldehyde to acetylene as a by-product of the industrial synthesis of but-2-yne-1,4-diol.
Propargyl alcohol can also be prepared by dehydrochlorination of 3-chloro-2-propen-1-ol by NaOH



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT PROPARGYL ALCOHOL:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



SYNONYMS OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL:
1-propyn-3-ol
2-propyn-1-ol
propargyl alcohol
propargyl alcohol, lithium salt
propargyl alcohol, sodium salt
PROPARGYL ALCOHOL
Prop-2-yn-1-ol
2-Propyn-1-ol
107-19-7
2-Propynyl alcohol
Ethynylcarbinol
1-Propyn-3-ol
Ethynyl carbinol
Methanol, ethynyl-
Propynyl alcohol
2-Propynol
3-Propynol
1-Hydroxy-2-propyne
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne
Acetylenylcarbinol
Acetylene carbinol
Agrisynth PA
Propiolic alcohol
RCRA waste number P102
prop-2-yne-1-ol
Prop-2-in-1-ol
propargylalcohol
1-Propyn-3-yl alcohol
NSC 8804
DTXSID5021883
CHEBI:28905
E920VF499L
NSC-8804
Propargyl alcohol [NA1986] [Flammable liquid]
30306-19-5
2-propyne-1-ol
CCRIS 6781
HSDB 6054
EINECS 203-471-2
NA1986
RCRA waste no. P102
BRN 0506003
ethynylmethanol
UNII-E920VF499L
AI3-24359
prop-2-ynol
propyn-3-ol
1-Propyne-3-ol
2-propyn-1 ol
MFCD00002912
prop-2-yn-I-ol
prop-1-yn-3-ol
Propargyl alcohol, 99%
bmse000363
EC 203-471-2
HC.$.CCH2OH
WLN: Q2UU1
4-01-00-02214 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
PROPARGYL ALCOHOL [MI]
DTXCID301883
CHEMBL1563026
PROPARGYL ALCOHOL [HSDB]
NSC8804
ZINC895974
Tox21_200976
BBL011350
STL146440
AKOS000118737
NA 1986
NCGC00091559-01
NCGC00091559-02
NCGC00258529-01
BP-30161
CAS-107-19-7
P0536
EN300-19326
C05986
Q903345
Q-201629
F0001-0140

Propargyl Alcohol (propynol), or 2-propyn-1-ol, is an organic compound with the formula C3H4O.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is the simplest and most stable alcohol containing an alkyne functional group.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a colorless, viscous liquid that is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents.


CAS Number: 107-19-7
EC Number: 203-471-2
MDL number: MFCD00002912
Linear Formula: HC≡CCH2OH
Chemical formula: C3H4O


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) other names 3-hydroxy-1-propyne; 2-Propynol.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a colorless liquid with a geranium-like odor.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol), or 2-propyn-1-ol, is an organic compound with the formula C3H4O.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is the simplest stable alcohol containing an alkyne functional group.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a colorless viscous liquid that is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a clear colourless to slightly yellow liquid


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a colorless liquid with a geranium-like odor.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol), or 2-propyn-1-ol, is an organic compound with the formula C3H4O.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is the simplest stable alcohol containing an alkyne functional group.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a colorless viscous liquid that is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol), or 2-propyn-1-ol, is an organic compound with the formula C3H4O.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is the simplest and most stable alcohol containing an alkyne functional group.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a colorless, viscous liquid that is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a dark liquid with a "fishlike" odor. Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is less dense than water.


The flash point of Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is 90°F.
The boiling point of Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is 239°F.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is soluble in water.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol), known by various names such as propynol, prop-2-yn-1-ol, or 2-propyn-1-ol, is an organic compound that finds wide-ranging applications in the scientific and industrial domains.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a colorless and volatile liquid characterized by a sweet and pungent odor.


As a three-carbon alkyl alcohol, Propargyl Alcohol (propynol)'s molecular formula is C3H4O.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a solvent stabilizer that is useful as an intermediate in organic synthesis, an electroplating brightener additive.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is useful 3-carbon fragment in acetylene coupling reactions.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) undergoes Pd-catalyzed O-coupling with alcohols to give the corresponding 1-methoxyallyl ethers.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is colorless to straw-colored liquid with a mild, geranium odor.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) appears as a clear colorless liquid with a geranium-like odor.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a terminal acetylenic compound, a volatile organic compound and a propynol.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is miscible with benzene, chloroform, ethanol, 1,2-dichloroethane, ether, acetone, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine; moderately sol in carbon tetrachloride.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is miscible with water
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is solubility in water: miscible
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol), or 2-propyn-1-ol, is an organic compound with the formula C3H4O.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is the simplest and most stable alcohol containing an alkyne functional group.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a colorless, viscous liquid that is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol), or 2-propyn-1-ol, is an organic compound with the formula C3H4O.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is the simplest and most stable alcohol containing an alkyne functional group.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a colorless, viscous liquid that is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) (13C3, 99%) is a carbon-13 labeled compound that is often used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is fully miscible in water.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a solvent stabilizer that is useful as an intermediate in organic synthesis, an electroplating brightener additive.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is useful 3-carbon fragment in acetylene coupling reactions.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) undergoes Pd-catalyzed O-coupling with alcohols to give the corresponding 1-methoxyallyl ethers.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) appears as a clear colorless liquid with a geranium-like odor.


The flash point of Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is 97 °F.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol)'s vapors are heavier than air.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and an antifungal agent.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a terminal acetylenic compound, a volatile organic compound and a propynol.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) uses and applications include: Corrosion inhibitor for oil-well acidizing, electroplating baths; inhibits attack of mineral acids on steel; prevents hydrogen embrittlement of steel; metal picklingplating; electroplating brightener additive; stabilizer for solvents, chlorinated hydrocarbon formulations; polishing agent in galvanotechnics; soil fumigant; solvent for cellulose acetate; chemical intermediate in organic synthesis, production of alkaloids, antibiotics, vitamins, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, biocides; laboratory reagent.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used as an rust remover, chemical intermediate, corrosion inhibitor, solvent, stabilizer, etc.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used Organic synthesis intermediates, solvents, stabilizers of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used an hydrochloric acid and other industrial corrosion inhibitors in acidizing and fracturing process of oil and gas wells.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) can be used as a corrosion inhibitor separately.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used as a corrosion inhibitor alone, and it is better to mix with the substances which have synergistic effect to obtain higher corrosion inhibition efficiency.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used anticorrosive agent, manufacturing of organic products.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol)’s widely used in the production of medicines (sodium sulfonamides, fosfomycin, etc.) and pesticides (propargene).
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) can be used as a drill pipe and tubing corrosion inhibitor in the petroleum industry.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used as an additive in the steel industry to prevent hydrogen embrittlement of steel, etc.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used Chemical intermediate, corrosion inhibitor, lab reagent, solvent stabilizer, prevents hydrogen embrittlement of steel, soil fumigant.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used to prevent the hydrogen embrittlement of steel; as a corrosion inhibitor, solvent stabilizer, soil fumigant, and chemical intermediate.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a solvent stabilizer that is useful as an intermediate in organic synthesis, an electroplating brightener additive.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is useful 3-carbon fragment in acetylene coupling reactions.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) undergoes Pd-catalyzed O-coupling with alcohols to give the corresponding 1-methoxyallyl ethers.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used to make other chemicals.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used in metal plating and pickling and asa corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in mineral acids.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) also finds application in preventingthe hydrogen embrittling of mild steel inacids.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used as an intermediate for makingmiticide and sulfadiazine.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) serves as a valuable reagent in organic synthesis and as a solvent for diverse applications.
Furthermore, Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) functions as a catalyst in certain reactions and finds utility as a fuel additive.
The applications of Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) extend to numerous scientific research domains.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) plays a vital role in the synthesis of polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide).
These polymers can possess a wide range of functional groups, such as esters, amides, and amines.
Due to its alkylating properties, Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) readily reacts with nucleophiles like amines and thiols.


Notably, Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) acts as an oxidizing agent capable of converting primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones.
Moreover, Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) demonstrates the ability to oxidize sulfides into sulfoxides.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used as a corrosion inhibitor, a metal complex solution, a solvent stabilizer and an electroplating brightener additive.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used to make other chemicals, as a corrosion inhibitor and a soil fumigant.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.


Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and an antifungal agent.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used to make other chemicals, as a corrosion inhibitor and a soil fumigant.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a solvent stabilizer that is useful as an intermediate in organic synthesis, an electroplating brightener additive.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used a solvent stabilizer.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a colorless, volatile liquid with irritating odor.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is easy to yellow especially when exposed to light.
With water, benzene, chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane, ethyl ether, ethanol, acetone, dioxane, Tetrahydrofuran, pyridine miscible, partially soluble in carbon tetrachloride, but Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
The commercial material contains a stabiliser.
An aqueous solution of Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) can be concentrated by azeotropic distillation with butanol or butyl acetate.
Dry it with K2CO3 and distil it under reduced pressure, in the presence of about 1% succinic acid, through a glass helices-packed column.



REACTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is polymerized by heating or base treatment.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is used as corrosion inhibitor, metal complex solution, solvent stabilizer, electroplating brightener additive.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.

Secondary and tertiary substituted Propargyl Alcohol (propynol)s undergo catalyzed rearrangement reactions to form α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds such as via the Mayer-Schuster rearrangement.
This can be oxidized to propinalic acid or propargylic acid.
As an indicator of the electronegativity of the sp carbon, Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is significantly more acidic (pKa = 13.6) compared to the sp2-containing analogue allyl alcohol (pKa = 15.5) and more acidic than the fully saturated (sp3 carbon). . only) n-propyl alcohol (pKa = 16.1).



PREPARATION OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is produced by the copper-catalyzed addition of formaldehyde to acetylene as a by-product of the industrial synthesis of but-2-yne-1,4-diol.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) can also be prepared by dehydrochlorination of 3-chloro-2-propen-1-ol with NaOH.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is the major commercially available acetylenic primary alcohol.
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) is a byproduct of butynediol production.
In the usual high-pressure butynediol process, about 5% of the product is Propargyl Alcohol (propynol).
Some processes give higher proportions of Propargyl Alcohol (propynol).



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
Propargyl Alcohol (propynol), FATTY ACID DERIVED AMINES is an aminoalcohol mixture.
Amines are chemical bases.
They neutralize acids to form salts plus water.

These acid-base reactions are exothermic.
The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base.
Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.

Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
When phosphorus pentaoxide is added to Propargyl Alcohol (propynol) caused ignition.
Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water.
Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions.

Example: An explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid.
Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives.
Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid.

Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive.
They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions.
Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites.
They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat.

Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites.
Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents.
Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
Chemical formula: C3H4O
Molar mass: 56.064 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless to straw-colored liquid
Odor: geranium-like
Density: 0.9715 g/cm3
Melting point: −51 to −48 °C (−60 to −54 °F; 222 to 225 K)
Boiling point: 114 to 115 °C (237 to 239 °F; 387 to 388 K)
Solubility in water: miscible
Vapor pressure: 12 mmHg (20 °C)
Molecular Weight: 56.06 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 56.026214747 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 56.026214747 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 38.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Weight: 59.04 g/mol (Labeled)
Chemical Purity: 98%
Form: Individual
Concentration: Neat
Application(s): Synthetic Intermediates
Storage Temp: Store refrigerated (-5 °C to 5 °C). Protect from light.
CAS: 107-19-7
Molecular Formula: C3H4O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 56.06
MDL Number: MFCD00002912
InChI Key: TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: light yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -53 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 114 - 115 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 33 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 365 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 1.000 g/l at 20 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -0,35 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: 20,8 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 0,963 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 1,94 - (Air = 1.0)
CAS Number: 107-19-7
Molecular Formula: C₃H₄O
Appearance: Clear Colourless Liquid
Molecular Weight: 56.06
Storage: 20°C
Solubility: Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate
CAS No.: 107-19-7
Product Name: Propargyl Alcohol
Molecular Formula: C3H4O
CHCCH2OH
C3H4O

Molecular Weight: 56.06 g/mol
IUPAC Name: prop-2-yn-1-ol
Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C3H4O/c1-2-3-4/h1,4H,3H2
Standard InChIKey: TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C#CCO
Canonical SMILES: C#CCO
Boiling Point: 236.5 °F at 760 mm Hg 113.6 °C
114-115 °C at 760 mm Hg; 100 °C at 490.3 mm Hg;
70 °C at 147.6 mm Hg; 20 °C at 11.6 mm Hg
Colorform: Colorless liquid
Colorless to straw-colored liquid
Density: 0.9485 at 68 °F , 0.9715 at 20 °C/4 °C
Relative density (water = 1): 0.97, 0.9485, 0.97
Flash Point: 91 °F , 97 °F (36 °C) (Open cup) 33 °C c.c.
97°F (open cup) (oc) 97°F
Melting Point: -54 °F , -51.8 °C, -48 to -52 °C, -48 - -52 °C, -62°F
Vapor Density: Relative vapor density (air = 1): 1.93
Vapor Pressure: 12 mm Hg, 15.60 mmHg, 15.6 mm Hg at 25 °C
Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 1.54 12 mmHg
Melting point: -53 °C

Boiling point: 114-115 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.963 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 1.93 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 11.6 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.432(lit.)
Flash point: 97 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: soluble in Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate
form: Liquid
pka: 13.6(at 25℃)
color: Clear colorless to slightly yellow
Odor: at 100.00 %. geranium
Odor Type: floral
Water Solubility: miscible
Merck: 14,7809
BRN: 506003
LogP: -0.35 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 107-19-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: E920VF499L

NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-Propyn-1-ol(107-19-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Propargyl alcohol (107-19-7)
ΔfG°: 60.63 kJ/mol
ΔfH°gas: 34.42 kJ/mol
ΔfusH°: 10.59 kJ/mol
ΔvapH°: 38.81 kJ/mol
IE: [10.45; 10.51] eV
log10WS: -0.14
logPoct/wat: -0.388
McVol: 50.400 ml/mol
Pc: 6239.25 kPa J
Inp: [546.00; 576.00]
I: [1320.00; 1357.00]
Tboil: [385.00; 387.50]K
Tc: 523.88 K
Tfus: 221.35 ± 0.30 K
Vc: 0.184 m3/kmol
Cp,gas: [81.35; 101.24] J/mol×K [350.34; 523.88]
ΔvapH: 42.00 kJ/mol 340.00
Pvap: [3.63e-03; 6558.50] kPa [221.35; 580.00]

CAS: 107-19-7
EINECS: 203-471-2
InChI: InChI=1/C3H4O/c1-2-3-4/h1,4H,3H2
Molecular Formula: C3H4O
Molar Mass: 56.06
Density: 0.963g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
Melting Point: -53 °C
Boling Point: 114-115°C(lit.)
Flash Point: 97°F
Water Solubility: miscible
Vapor Presure: 11.6 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Vapor Density: 1.93 (vs air)
Appearance: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless to slightly yellow
Merck: 14,7809
BRN: 506003
pKa: 13.6(at 25℃)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.432(lit.)
Molecular weight: 56.06
InChI: 1S/C3H4O/c1-2-3-4/h1,4H,3H2
InChIKey: TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Atmospheric OH Rate Constant: 1.04E-11 cm3/molecule-sec
log P (octanol-water): -0.38
Boiling Point: 113.6 ° C
Water solubility: 1.00E+06 mg/L
Henry's Law Constant: 1.15E-06 atm-m3/mole

Vapor Pressure: 15.6 mm Hg
Melting Point: -5.18E+01 ° C
Molecular form: C3H4O
Appearance: NA
Mol. Weight: 56.06
Storage: 2-8°C Refrigerator
Shipping Conditions: Ambient
Applications: NA
Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 113.6±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: -53 °C
Molecular Formula: C3H4O
Molecular Weight: 56.063
Flash Point: 36.1±0.0 °C
Exact Mass: 56.026215
PSA: 20.23000
LogP: -0.38
Vapour density: 1.93 (vs air)
Vapour Pressure: 10.6±0.4 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.430
Water Solubility: miscible



FIRST AID MEASURES of PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 60 min
*Body Protection:
Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PROPARGYL ALCOHOL (PROPYNOL):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
Prop-2-yn-1-ol
propynol, 2-propynol, 2-propyn-1-ol, hydroxymethylacetylene.
PROPARGYL ALCOHOL
Prop-2-yn-1-ol
2-Propyn-1-ol
107-19-7
2-Propynyl alcohol
Ethynylcarbinol
1-Propyn-3-ol
Ethynyl carbinol
Methanol, ethynyl-
Propynyl alcohol
2-Propynol
3-Propynol
1-Hydroxy-2-propyne
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne
Acetylenylcarbinol
Acetylene carbinol
Agrisynth PA
Propiolic alcohol
RCRA waste number P102
prop-2-yne-1-ol
Prop-2-in-1-ol
propargylalcohol
1-Propyn-3-yl alcohol
NSC 8804
DTXSID5021883
CHEBI:28905
E920VF499L
NSC-8804
Propargyl alcohol [NA1986]
2-propyne-1-ol
CCRIS 6781
HSDB 6054
EINECS 203-471-2
NA1986
RCRA waste no. P102
BRN 0506003
ethynylmethanol
UNII-E920VF499L
AI3-24359
prop-2-ynol
propyn-3-ol
1-Propyne-3-ol
2-propyn-1 ol
MFCD00002912
prop-2-yn-I-ol
prop-1-yn-3-ol
Propargyl alcohol, 99%
bmse000363
EC 203-471-2
HC.$.CCH2OH
WLN: Q2UU1
4-01-00-02214 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
PROPARGYL ALCOHOL [MI]
DTXCID301883
CHEMBL1563026
PROPARGYL ALCOHOL [HSDB]
NSC8804
Tox21_200976
BBL011350
STL146440
AKOS000118737
NA 1986
NCGC00091559-01
NCGC00091559-02
NCGC00258529-01
BP-30161
CAS-107-19-7
P0536
EN300-19326
C05986
InChI=1/C3H4O/c1-2-3-4/h1,4H,3H
Q903345
Q-201629
F0001-0140
2-Propyn-1-ol-1,2,3-13C3
2-Propyn-1-ol
1-Hydroxy-2-propyne
1-Propyn-3-ol
1-Propyn-3-yl alcohol
2-Propynol
2-Propynyl alcohol
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne
3-Hydroxypropyne
3-Propynol
Ethynylcarbinol
Hydroxymethylacetylene
Propiolic alcohol
Propynyl alcohol
2-Propyn-1-ol
Ethynyl carbinol
Propynyl alcohol
1-Hydroxy-2-propyne
1-Propyn-3-ol
2-Propynol
2-Propynyl alcohol
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne
1-Propyne-3-ol
3-Propynol
prop-2-yn-1-ol
Methanol, ethynyl-
Rcra waste number P102
HC≡CCH2OH
1-Propyn-3-yl alcohol
NSC 8804
2-propyn-1-ol (propargyl alcohol)
2-Propyn-1-ol
1-Hydroxy-2-propyne
1-Propyn-3-ol
1-Propyn-3-yl alcohol
2-Propynol
2-Propynyl alcohol
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne
3-Hydroxypropyne
3-Propynol
Ethynylcarbinol
Hydroxymethylacetylene
NSC 8804
Propynyl alcohol
1-Hydroxy-2-propyne
1-Propyn-3-ol
1-Propyn-3-yl alcohol
1-hydroxy-2-propyne
1-propyn-3-ol
2-Propyn-1-ol (8CI, 9CI)
2-Propynol
2-Propynyl alcohol
2-propynol
2-propynyl alcohol
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne
3-Propynol
3-hydroxy-1-propyne
3-propynol
Ethynylcarbinol
Propargyl alcohol
Propynyl alcohol
acetylene carbinol
ethynylcarbinol
methanol, ethynyl-
propargyl alcohol
propiolic alcohol
propynyl alcohol
2-Propyn-1-ol
1-Hydroxy-2-propyne
1-Propyn-3-ol
1-Propyn-3-yl alcohol
2-Propynol
2-Propynyl alcohol
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne
3-Hydroxypropyne
3-Propynol
Ethynylcarbinol
Hydroxymethylacetylene
NSC 8804
Propynyl alcohol
Propargyl alcohol
2-propyn-1-ol
prop-2-yn-1-ol
2-PROPYN-1-OL
PROPYNOL
PROPINOL
2-Propynol
1-Propyn-3-ol
PROPYNYL ALCOHOL
1-Propyn-3-yl alcohol
NA 1986
3-Propynol
1-Hydroxy-2-propyne
1-Propyn-3-ol
1-Propyn-3-yl alcohol
1-Propyne-3-ol
2-Propyn-1-ol
2-Propynol
2-Propynyl alcohol
2-propyn-1-ol (propargyl alcohol)
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne
3-Propynol
Ethynyl carbinol
HC«equiv»CCH2OH
HC«equiv»CCH2OH
Methanol, ethynyl-
NSC 8804
Propynyl alcohol
Rcra waste number P102
prop-2-yn-1-ol
2-Propyn-1-ol
Prop-2-yn-1-ol
Prop-2-yne-1-ol
Prop-2-in-1-ol
1-Hydroxy-2-propyne
1-Propyn-3-ol
1-Propyn-3-yl alcohol
2-Propynol
2-Propynyl alcohol
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne
3-Propynol
Ethynylcarbinol
NA 1986
Propargyl alcohol
Propynyl alcohol
PA
PROPYNOL
PROPINOL
2-Propynol
3-PROPYNOL
1-Propyn-3-ol
2-PROPYN-1-OL
prop-2-yn-1-ol
prop-1-yn-1-ol
2-Propyny-1-0l
PROPYNYL ALCOHOL
Propargyl alcohol
PROPARGYL ALCOHOL
2-Propynyl alcohol
2-propynyl alcohol
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne
1-Propyn-3-yl alcohol
LABOTEST-BB LT01409238
2-propyn-1-ol (propargyl alcohol)
Propynyl alcohol
1-Hydroxy-2-propyne
1-Propyn-3-ol
Ethynyl carbinol
1-Propyne-3-ol
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne
Propyn-1-ol
1-Propyn-3-yl alcohol
prop-2-yn-1-ol
Acetylene carbinol
Ethynyl methanol
Methanol, ethynyl-
2-Propynol 2-Propyn-1-ol
Propargyl alcohol
HC=CCH2OH
3-Propynol
2-Propynyl alcohol
Rcra waste number P102
2-Propynol
NSC 8804
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne Propiolic alcohol
2-Propynyl alcohol
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne
Hydroxymethylacetylene
3-Hydroxypropyne
1-Propyn-3-ol
Ethynylcarbinol
1-Hydroxy-2-propyne, 3-Propynol
NSC 8804
Propynyl alcohol
1-Propyn-3-yl alcohol
2-Propynol
Propargyl alcohol

METHYL DIISOPROPYL PROPIONAMIDE. N° CAS : 51115-67-4. Nom INCI : METHYL DIISOPROPYL PROPIONAMIDE. Nom chimique : Butanamide, N,2,3-trimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 256-974-4. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit

Propionaldehyde is a colorless, flammable liquid with a slightly fruity odor and is produced on a large scale industrially.
Propionaldehyde is predominantly used as a precursor to trimethylolethane (CH3C(CH2OH)3) through a condensation reaction with formaldehyde, an important intermediate in the production of alkyd resins.
Propionaldehyde has been isolated from various plant sources, such as hops, banana, sweet or sour cherry, blackcurrants, melon, pineapple, bread, cheeses, coffee, cooked rice, and strawberry or apple aroma.

CAS Number: 123-38-6
EC Number: 204-623-0
Molecular Formula: C3H6O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 58.08

Synonyms: Propionaldehyde, propanal, 123-38-6, Methylacetaldehyde, Propaldehyde, Propanaldehyde, n-Propanal, Propylaldehyde, Propional, Propionic aldehyde, Propylic aldehyde, 1-Propanal, Propyl aldehyde, Aldehyde propionique, n-Propionaldehyde, Propanalaldehyde, Proprionaldehyde, 1-Propanone, FEMA No. 2923, NCI-C61029, NSC 6493, C2H5CHO, AMJ2B4M67V, DTXSID2021658, CHEBI:17153, NSC-6493, UN 1275, 25722-18-3, Propionaldehyd, FEMA Number 2923, Propionaldehyde (natural), Aldehyde propionique [French], CCRIS 2917, HSDB 1193, EINECS 204-623-0, MFCD00007020, UN1275, UNII-AMJ2B4M67V, proprionaldhyde, propion aldehyde, AI3-16114, methyl acetaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, 97%, ETHYLCARBOXALDEHYDE, EC 204-623-0, WLN: VH2, PROPIONALDEHYDE [MI], PROPIONALDEHYDE [FCC], PROPIONALDEHYDE [FHFI], PROPIONALDEHYDE [HSDB], CHEMBL275626, DTXCID001658, Propionaldehyde, >=97%, FG, BDBM60952, NSC6493, ZINC895256, Propionaldehyde, analytical standard, STR01357, Tox21_201071, Propionaldehyde, reagent grade, 97%, STL264226, AKOS000119167, Propionaldehyde, natural, >=98%, FG, NCGC00091772-01, NCGC00091772-02, NCGC00258624-01, CAS-123-38-6, FT-0655858, P0498, EN300-19153, C00479, Propionaldehyde [UN1275] [Flammable liquid], A805061, Q422909, J-004931, J-524059, F2190-0621, 2,5-Dioxo-1-[[1-oxo-6-[[1-oxo-3-(2-pyridinyldithio)propyl]amino]hexyl]oxy]-3-pyrrolidinesulfonic Acid Monosodium Salt;, 123-38-6 [RN], 1-Propanal, 1-Propanone, 204-623-0 [EINECS], Aldehyde propionique, n-Propanal, n-Propionaldehyde, Propanal [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Propanalaldehyde, Propanaldehyde, Propionaldehyd [German], Propionaldehyde [Wiki], Propionaldéhyde [French], PROPIONIC ALDEHYDE, Proprionaldehyde, 15843-24-0 [RN], 198710-93-9 [RN], 39493-21-5 [RN], methyl acetaldehyde, Methylacetaldehyde, n-Propylal, Propaldehyde, Propanal;Propionaldehyde, Propanal-2,2,3,3,3-d5(9CI), PROPANAL-2,2-D2, Propanal204-623-0MFCD00007020, Propional, Propionaldehyde|Propanal, Propionaldehyde-2,2,3,3,3-d5, Propionaldehyde-2,2-d2, Propyl aldehyde, Propylaldehyde, Propylic aldehyde, STR01357, WLN: VH2

Propionaldehyde or propanal is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2CHO.
Propionaldehyde is the 3-carbon aldehyde.

Propionaldehyde is a colourless, flammable liquid with a slightly fruity odour.
Propionaldehyde is produced on a large scale industrially.

Propionaldehyde is the chemical intermediate in the production of propionic acid.
Propionaldehyde is also used for the production of Perstorp’s Bis-MPA.
Propionaldehyde could also be used to produce various chemical compounds used in pharmaceutical applications, plastics, plasticizers, lacquers, flavourings, cellulose and rubber chemicals.

Propionaldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aldehydes.
These are aldehydes with the general formula HC(H)(R)C(=O)H, where R is an organic group.

In organic chemistry, propanal or propionaldehyde is the aldehyde of the 3-carbon propyl group.
Propionaldehyde has a chemical formula of CH3CH2CHO and is a structural isomer of propanone.

Propionaldehyde is a colourless liquid with a slightly irritating, fruity odour, at room temperature.
Researchers have recently discovered two new interstellar molecules one of which is Propionaldehyde.

Propionaldehyde was located within the Milky Way Galaxy inside an interstellar cloud known as Sagittarius B2.
Propionaldehyde is used as a flavouring agent.
Propionaldehyde has been isolated from various plant sources, such as hops, banana, sweet or sour cherry, blackcurrants, melon, pineapple, bread, chesses, coffee, cooked rice and strawberry or apple aroma.

Propionaldehyde, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-hydrogen aldehydes.
These are aldehydes with the general formula HC(H)(R)C(=O)H, where R is an organyl group.

Propionaldehyde exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Propionaldehyde is an alcohol, cocoa, and earthy tasting compound.

Outside of the human body, Propionaldehyde is found, on average, in the highest concentration within wild celeries and carrots.
Propionaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as purple lavers, black salsifies, strawberry guava, grapefruit/pummelo hybrids, and alaska wild rhubarbs.
Propionaldehyde is an aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent.

Propanal or propionaldehyde is the aldehyde of the 3 carbon propyl group.
Propionaldehyde has a chemical formula of CH3CH2CHO, and is a structural isomer of propanone.
At room temperature, Propionaldehyde is a colourless liquid with a slightly irritating, fruity odour.

Propionaldehyde is principally used as a precursor to trimethylolethane (CH3C(CH2OH)3) through a condensation reaction with formaldehyde; this triol is an important intermediate in the production of alkyd resins.
Other applications include reduction to propanol and oxidation to propionic acid.

Propionaldehyde is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Propionaldehyde is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Propionaldehyde appears as a clear colorless liquid with an overpowering fruity-like odor.
Propionaldehyde is flash point 15 °F.

Propionaldehyde is used in the manufacture of plastics, in the synthesis of rubber chemicals, and as a disinfectant and preservative.
Limited information is available on the health effects of propionaldehyde.
No information is available on the acute (short-term), chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental or carcinogenic effects of propionaldehyde in humans.

Animal studies have reported that exposure to high levels of propionaldehyde, via inhalation, results in anesthesia and liver damage, and intraperitoneal exposure results in increased blood pressure.
EPA has not classified propionaldehyde for carcinogenicity.

Propanal, also known as N-propionaldehyde or C2H5CHO, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-hydrogen aldehydes.
These are aldehydes with the general formula HC(H)(R)C(=O)H, where R is an organyl group.

Propionaldehyde is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on Propionaldehyde pKa).
Propionaldehyde exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

Propionaldehyde is a flammable, colorless liquid with an unpleasant, suffocating, fruity odor similar to acetaldehyde.
Propionaldehyde is miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform, and water.
Propionaldehyde reacts vigorously with oxidizers and polymerizes with addition of methyl methacrylate.

Propionaldehyde applications include as an intermediate, in pharmaceuticals, perfumes, plastics and polyols or polyhydric alcohols.
Propionaldehyde is also used as a precursor to trimethylolethane (CH3C(CH2OH)3) through a condensation reaction with formaldehyde, this triol is an important intermediate in the production of alkyd resins.

Other applications include reduction to propanol and oxidation to propionic acid.
Propionaldehyde is also used in PEGylated protein purification.

Propionaldehyde is a volatile organic compound, which belongs to the class of flavor & fragrance standards for use in the food, beverage and cosmetic industry.
These standards are widely used to add taste and/or smell to products without aroma, to mask unpleasant odors and to maintain stability of original flavor.
Propionaldehyde is listed on the positive list of the EU regulation 10/2011 for plastics intended to come into contact with food.

Applications of Propionaldehyde:
Propionaldehyde applications include as an intermediate, in pharmaceuticals, perfumes, plastics and polyols or polyhydric alcohols.
Propionaldehyde is also used as a precursor to trimethylolethane (CH3C(CH2OH)3) through a condensation reaction with formaldehyde, this triol is an important intermediate in the production of alkyd resins.

Other applications include reduction to propanol and oxidation to propionic acid.
Propionaldehyde is also used in PEGylated protein purification.

Propionaldehyde may be used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in:
Food products and cosmetics using gas-chromatography with photo ionization detection (GC-PID).
Infant formulas using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID).
Household products using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Other Applications:
Food flavors & food fragrances
Fragrance
Herbicides - intermediate for other
Polymer modification
Process solvents

Uses of Propionaldehyde:
Propionaldehyde is predominantly used as a precursor to trimethylolethane (CH3C(CH2OH)3) through a condensation reaction with formaldehyde.
This triol is an important intermediate in the production of alkyd resins.

Propionaldehyde is used in the synthesis of several common aroma compounds (cyclamen aldehyde, helional, lilial).
Other applications include reduction to propanol and oxidation to propionic acid.

Propionaldehyde is used to make propionic acid, trimethylolethane, polyvinyl and other plastics, and rubber, medicinal, and agricultural chemicals.
Propionaldehyde is also used as a disinfectant, preservative, and flavoring agent.

Propionaldehyde is used as a chemical intermediate in closed systems and not contained in consumer products.
Propionaldehyde is used almost exclusively (thought to be >99%) as a closed system intermediate and transported by bulk carrier.

Laboratory Uses:
Propionaldehyde is a common reagent, being a building block to many compounds.
Many of these uses exploit Propionaldehyde participation in condensation reactions.
With tert-butylamine Propionaldehyde gives CH3CH2CH=N-t-Bu, a three-carbon building block used in organic synthesis.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Propionaldehyde is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Propionaldehyde is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of Propionaldehyde is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Uses at industrial sites:
Propionaldehyde is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Propionaldehyde has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Propionaldehyde is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Propionaldehyde is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Propionaldehyde can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Intermediate
Intermediates
Monomers

Consumer Uses:
Fragrance

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Using Disinfectants or Biocides

Properties of Propionaldehyde:
Propionaldehyde is a colorless, flammable liquid, having a suffocating odor.
Propionaldehyde should be used as a chemical intermediate only.

Propionaldehyde undergoes reactions typical for the low molecular weight aldehydes, which, because of the terminal carbonyl group, are very reactive.
Contamination or the exposure to elevated temperatures may induce a hazardous polymerization.
Propionaldehyde is readily oxidized if in contact to oxygen and should therefore be stored under inert gases.

Physical Properties:
Propionaldehyde is a colorless, flammable liquid with a suffocating fruity odor.
The odor threshold for propionaldehyde is 1 part per million (ppm).

The chemical formula for propionaldehyde is C3H6O, and the molecular weight is 58.08 g/mol.
The vapor pressure for propionaldehyde is 317 mm Hg at 25 °C.

Production of Propionaldehyde:
Propionaldehyde is mainly produced industrially by hydroformylation of ethylene:
CO + H2 + C2H4 → CH3CH2CHO

In this way, several hundred thousand tons are produced annually.

Laboratory preparation of Propionaldehyde:
Propionaldehyde may also be prepared by oxidizing 1-propanol with a mixture of sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate.
The reflux condenser contains water heated at 60 °C, which condenses unreacted propanol, but allows propionaldehyde to pass.

The propionaldehyde vapor is immediately condensed into a suitable receiver.
In this arrangement, any propionaldehyde formed is immediately removed from the reactor, thus Propionaldehyde does not get over-oxidized to propionic acid.

General Manufacturing Information of Propionaldehyde:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Petrochemical Manufacturing

Reactions of Propionaldehyde:
Propionaldehyde exhibits the reactions characteristic of alkyl aldehydes, e.g. hydrogenation, aldol condensations, oxidations, etc.
Propionaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde with a prochiral methylene such that α-functionalized derivatives (CH3CH(X)CHO) are chiral.

Extraterrestrial Occurrence of Propionaldehyde:
Propionaldehyde along with acrolein has been detected in the molecular cloud Sagittarius B2 near the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, about 26,000 light years from Earth.
Measurements by the COSAC and Ptolemy instruments on comet 67/P's surface, revealed sixteen organic compounds, four of which were seen for the first time on a comet, including acetamide, acetone, methyl isocyanate and propionaldehyde.

Action Mechanism of Propionaldehyde:
Inhibition of intercellular communication is an important feature in the tumor promotion phase of a multistage carcinogenesis model.
In atherosclerosis inhibition of cell-cell communication by atherogenic compounds, e.g., low density lipoproteins (LDL), also seems to be important.

For testing atherogenic compounds we used an atherosclerosis relevant cell type, namely human smooth muscle cells. In order to investigate which part of the LDL particle would be involved in inhibition of metabolic co-operation between human smooth muscle cells in culture several fatty acids and their breakdown products were tested, namely aldehydes.
Unsaturated C-18 fatty acids markedly influenced gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), whereas saturated (C18:0, C16:0) and unsaturated fatty acids with > 20 carbon atoms did not inhibit GJIC.

In the case of oleic and elaidic acid, orientation seemed important; however, after exposure to palmitoleic and palmitelaidic acid no differences were found.
The most potent inhibitor of GJIC was linoleic acid, which inhibited GJIC by 75%.

No correlation was found between degrees of unsaturation and ability to inhibit GJIC.
Of the tested aldehydes, hexanal, Propionaldehyde, butanal and 4-hydroxynonenal did significantly inhibit GJIC, while pentanal had no effect.
Since modification of LDL was shown to be important in order for LDL to inhibit GJIC, these results show that fatty acids and their oxidative breakdown products may be of importance for the inhibition of GJIC by LDL.

Reactivity Profile of Propionaldehyde:
Propionaldehyde may form explosive peroxides.
Reacts vigorously with oxidizing agents.

Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame.
Incompatible with strong bases and strong reducing agents.

Vigorous polymerization reaction with methyl methacrylate.
Polymerization may also occur in the presence of acids or caustics.

Handling and Storage of Propionaldehyde:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling Propionaldehyde must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Safe Storage of Propionaldehyde:
Separated from acids, bases and oxidants.
Keep in the dark.
Store only if stabilized.

Storage Conditions:
Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location.
Store away from heat and oxidizers.

Outside or detached storage is preferred.
Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet.

Separate from oxidizing materials and other reactive hazards.
Store in cool, well ventilated area away from oxidizers.

Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers.
Metals containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of this chemical should be grounded or bonded.

Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters.
Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical.

First Aid Measures of Propionaldehyde:

EYES:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting.

Thus, the risk of increasing the medical problems by inducing vomiting of a volatile corrosive chemical is very high.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Propionaldehyde:
The majority of these products have a very low flash point.
Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
If Propionaldehyde can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
If this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Identifiers of Propionaldehyde:
CAS Number: 123-38-6
3DMet: B01258
ChEBI: CHEBI:17153
ChEMBL: ChEMBL275626
ChemSpider: 512
ECHA InfoCard: 100.004.204
EC Number: 204-623-0
KEGG: C00479
PubChem CID: 527
RTECS number: UE0350000
UNII: AMJ2B4M67V
UN number: 1275
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2021658
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H6O/c1-2-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3
Key: NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CCC=O

CAS number: 123-38-6
EC index number: 605-018-00-8
EC number: 204-623-0
Hill Formula: C₃H₆O
Chemical formula: CH₃CH₂CHO
Molar Mass: 58.08 g/mol
HS Code: 2912 19 00

EC / List no.: 204-623-0
CAS no.: 123-38-6
Mol. formula: C3H6O

Synonym(s): Propanal
Linear Formula: CH3CH2CHO
CAS Number: 123-38-6
Molecular Weight: 58.08
Beilstein: 506010
EC Number: 204-623-0
MDL number: MFCD00007020
PubChem Substance ID: 329820216

CAS: 123-38-6
Molecular Formula: C3H6O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 58.08
MDL Number: MFCD00007020
InChI Key: NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 527
ChEBI: CHEBI:17153
IUPAC Name: propanal
SMILES: CCC=O

Typical Properties of Propionaldehyde:
Chemical formula: C3H6O
Molar mass: 58.080 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Odor: Pungent, fruity
Density: 0.81 g cm−3
Melting point: −81 °C (−114 °F; 192 K)
Boiling point: 46 to 50 °C (115 to 122 °F; 319 to 323 K)
Solubility in water: 20 g/100 mL
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -34.32·10−6 cm3/mol
Viscosity: 0.6 cP at 20 °C
Structure
Molecular shape: C1, O: sp2 C2, C3: sp3
Dipole moment: 2.52 D

Boiling point: 47 - 48 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.80 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 2.3 - 21 %(V)
Flash point: -30 °C
Ignition temperature: 175 °C
Melting Point: -81 °C
Vapor pressure: 400.46 hPa (23.61 °C)
Solubility: 200 g/l

Vapor density: 2 (vs air)

Vapor pressure
18.77 psi ( 55 °C)
4.89 psi ( 20 °C)

Assay: 97%
Autoignition temp.: 404 °F

Expl. lim.
17 %, 26 °F
2.6 %, 31 °F

Refractive index: n20/D 1.362 (lit.)
bp: 46-50 °C (lit.)
mp: −81 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.805 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: [H]C(=O)CC
InChI: 1S/C3H6O/c1-2-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3
InChI key: NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Boiling Point/Range: 46-50 °C (1.013 hPa)
Color: Colorless
Density: 0.81 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flashpoint: -40 °C
Form: Liquid
Grade: Reagent Grade
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, Alkalis
Lower Explosion Limit: 2.3 %(V)
Melting Point/Range: -81 °C
Partition Coefficient: 0.59 (25 °C)
Purity Percentage: 97.00
Purity Details: 97.00%
Solubility in Water: 306 g/l (25 °C)
Upper Explosion Limit: 21 %(V)
Vapor Density: 2.01
Vapor Pressure: 341 hPa (20 °C)
Viscosity: 0.317 mPa.s (26.7 °C)
Storage Temperature: Ambient

Molecular Weight: 58.08
XLogP3: 0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 58.041864811
Monoisotopic Mass: 58.041864811
Topological Polar Surface Area: 17.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Complexity: 17.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Propionaldehyde:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 98.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.797 - 0.802
Water (GC): ≤ 2.0 % (a/a)
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: -81°C
Density: 0.81
Boiling Point: 47°C to 49°C
Flash Point: −40°C (−40°F)
Odor: Pungent
Refractive Index: 1.362
Quantity: 500 mL
UN Number: UN1275
Beilstein: 506010
Sensitivity: Air sensitive
Merck Index: 14,7823
Solubility Information: Fully miscible in water.
Formula Weight: 58.08
Percent Purity: 97%
Chemical Name or Material: Propionaldehyde

Identity (IR): complying
Assay (GC): Min. 97.0 %
Water (Karl Fischer): Max. 2.5 %
APHA: Max. 10
Autoignition Temperature: 404 °F
Explosion Limit: 2.6 %, 31 °F
Vapor Pressure: 18.77 psi ( 55 °C)
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.362(lit.)
Vapor Density: 2 (vs air)
Explosion Limit: 17 %, 26 °F

Related Products of Propionaldehyde:
Nivalenol
(R)-Ochratoxin α
Di-N-heptytin Dichloride-D30
Ergosinine
3-Ethyl-2-methylpentane

Related compounds of Propionaldehyde:

Related aldehydes:
Acetaldehyde
Butyraldehyde

Names of Propionaldehyde:

IUPAC name:
Propionaldehyde

Preferred IUPAC name:
Propanal

Other names:
Methylacetaldehyde
Propionic aldehyde
Propaldehyde
Propan-1-one

SYNONYMS Hydroacrylic acid; Carboxyethane; Methylacetic acid; C-3 Acid; Metacetonic acid; Pseudoacetic acid; Ethylformic Acid; Ethanecarboxylic Acid; Acide Propionique; Kyselina Propionova; Propanyl acid; CAS NO. 79-09-4, 784139-72-6

cas no 105-37-3 Propionic acid, Ethyl ester; Ethyl n-propionate; Propionic ether, Propionic ester; Propionate d'ethyle; Ethylester kyseliny propionove; Ethyl ester of propanoic acid; ETHYL PROPIONATE;

Isopropyl Alcohol; Dimethylcarbinol; sec-Propyl alcohol; Rubbing alcohol; Petrohol; 1-Methylethanol; 1-Methylethyl alcohol; 2-Hydroxypropane; 2-Propyl alcohol; Isopropyl alcohol; Propan-2-ol; IPA; 2-Propanol; Alcool Isopropilico (Italian); Alcool Isopropylique (French); I-Propanol (German); I-Propylalkohol (German); Iso-Propylalkohol (German) cas no: 67-63-0

PROPYL ALCOHOL, N° CAS : 71-23-8, Nom INCI : PROPYL ALCOHOL. Nom chimique : Propan-1-ol. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-746-9. Classification : Alcool. Ses fonctions (INCI)Anti-moussant : Supprime la mousse lors de la fabrication / réduit la formation de mousse dans des produits finis liquides. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. Noms français : 1-HYDROXYPROPANE ; 1-PROPANOL; 1-PROPYL ALCOHOL; Alcool propylique; Alcool propylique normal; N-PROPANOL; PROPANOL; PROPANOL-1; PROPYL ALCOHOL (NORMAL-). Noms anglais : ETHYL CARBINOL; n-Propanol (n-Propyl alcohol); n-Propyl alcohol; NORMAL PROPYL ALCOHOL; Propyl alcohol, PROPYLIC ALCOHOL. Utilisation : L'alcool propylique normal est utilisé dans une grande gamme d'applications industrielles, notamment: comme solvant pour les résines, les cires et les huiles végétales dans certains cosmétiques, lotions dentaires et produits pharmaceutiques; comme antiseptique; dans la synthèse organique; 1-Propanol; n-PROPANOL (PROPYL ALCOHOL, NORMAL); propan-1-ol; n-propanol. : 1-propanolo; 2propan-1-ol; N-propyl alcohol; n-Propyl alcohol, 1-Propanol; propan- 1-olo; Propan-1-ol (n-Propanol); propan-1-oln-propanol; PROPYL ALCOHOL; Tyzor NPZ. Translated names: 1-пропанол (bg); alkohol propylowy (pl) ; n-propanol (cs); n-propanoli (fi); n-propanolis (lt); n-propanolo (it); n-propanols (lv); n-propanool (et); n-προπανόλη (el); n-пропанол (bg); Propaan-1-ol (nl); Propaan-1-ool (et); propan-1-ol (cs); Propan-1-oli (fi); Propan-1-olis (lt); Propan-1-olo (it); Propane-1-ol (fr);propanol (sk); Propán-1-ol (hu); Propān-1-ols (lv); Προπαν-1-όλη (el); Пропан-1-ол (bg). : 1-propanolo; 2propan-1-ol; N-propyl alcohol; n-Propyl alcohol, 1-Propanol; propan- 1-olo; Propan-1-ol (n-Propanol); propan-1-oln-propanol; PROPYL ALCOHOL; Tyzor NPZ. Trade names: 1-Hydroxypropan; 1-Hydroxypropane; 1-Propanol (9CI); Ethylcarbinol; Propanol-1; Propyl alcohol (8CI); Propylalkohol; Propylol; 109-78-4 [RN] ; 1-HYDROXYPROPANE; 1-Propanol [ACD/Index Name] ; 1-Propanol [German] ; 1-Propanol [French] ; 1-Propyl alcohol; 1-プロパノール [Japanese]; 1-丙醇 [Chinese]; Alcohol, propyl; Alcool propilico; Alcool propilico [Italian]; Alcool propylique ; Alcool propylique [French]; Hydroxypropane; n-propan-1-ol; n-propanol; n-Propyl alcohol; n-Propyl alkohol [German]; n-Propylalkohol; Propan-1-ol ; Propane-1-ol; propanol [German]; Propanol, 1-; propanol-1; propyl alcohol; Propylowy alkohol [Polish]; γ-Propanol; Propanolen; 1-Propanol, 99%; 1-Propanol, anhydrous; 200-661-7 [EINECS]; 2-Propen-1-ol ; Albacol; ethyl carbinol; Ethylcarbinol ; n-C3H7OH; N-Propanol ACS grade; Optal; Osmosol extra; oxabutane; POL; Policosanol; Propan-1-ol, GlenDry, anhydrous; Propan-1-ol, GlenPure; propanol; Propanole; Propyl alcohol200-746-; 9MFCD00002941; propylalcohol; Propylic alcohol; WLN: Q3; 正丙醇 [Chinese]

CAS: 71-23-8
European Community (EC) Number: 200-746-9
Molecular Formula: C3H8O
Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol
IUPAC Name: propan-1-ol



DESCRIPTION:
Propan-1-ol (also propanol, n-propyl alcohol) is a primary alcohol with the formula CH3CH2CH2OH and sometimes represented as PrOH or n-PrOH.
Propyl alcohol is a colorless liquid and an isomer of 2-propanol.
Propyl alcohol is formed naturally in small amounts during many fermentation processes and used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, mainly for resins and cellulose esters, and, sometimes, as a disinfecting agent.
Propyl alcohol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Propyl alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sharp musty odor like rubbing alcohol.
Flash point of Propyl alcohol is 53-77 °F.
Propyl alcohol Autoignites at 700 °F.
Vapors of Propyl alcohol are heavier than air and mildly irritate the eyes, nose, and throat.
Density of Propyl alcohol is approximately 6.5 lb / gal.
Propyl alcohol is Used in making cosmetics, skin and hair preparations, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, lacquer formulations, dye solutions, antifreezes, rubbing alcohols, soaps, window cleaners, acetone and other chemicals and products.

Propyl alcohol is the parent member of the class of Propyl alcohol that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.
Propyl alcohol has a role as a protic solvent and a metabolite.
Propyl alcohol is a short-chain primary fatty alcohol and a member of propan-1-ols.
Propyl alcohol is a clear liquid commonly used as a germ killer (antiseptic).
Propyl alcohol is the second most commonly ingested alcohol after ethanol (drinking alcohol).

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PROPYL ALCOHOL:
Chemical formula: C3H8O
Molar mass: 60.096 g•mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: mild, alcohol-like[2]
Density: 0.803 g/mL
Melting point: −126 °C; −195 °F; 147 K
Boiling point: 97 to 98 °C; 206 to 208 °F; 370 to 371 K
Solubility in water: miscible
log P: 0.329
Vapor pressure: 1.99 kPa (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 16
Basicity (pKb): −2
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −45.176•10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.387
Viscosity: 1.959 mPa•s (at 25 °C) [3]
Dipole moment: 1.68 D
Thermochemistry:
Heat capacity (C): 143.96 J/(K•mol)
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 192.8 J/(K•mol)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −302.79…−302.29 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −2.02156…−2.02106 MJ/mol

Molecular Weight: 60.10
XLogP3: 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 60.057514874
Monoisotopic Mass: 60.057514874
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 7.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
vapor pressure: 19 hPa ( 20 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Assay:≥98% (GC)
Form: liquid
evapn. Residue: ≤0.01%
Color: APHA: ≤10
pH: 7 (20 °C, 200 g/L in H2O)
Bp: 96.5-98 °C/1013 hPa
Mp: -127 °C
Transition temp: flash point 15 °C

Specifications:
Assay (by GC) Min 99.5 %
Calcium (Ca) Max 0.00002 %
Colour APHA Max 10
Copper (Cu) Max 0.000002 %
Ethanol Max 0.01 %
Iron (Fe) Max 0.00001 %
Lead (Pb) Max 0.000002 %
Magnesium (Mg) Max 0.00001 %
Methanol Max 0.005 %
Potassium (K) Max 0.00002 %
Propan-2-ol Max 0.005 %
Residue after evaporation (ppm) Max 10
Sodium (Na) Max 0.0001 %
Substances darkened by H2SO4
(APHA) Max 10



Propyl alcohol shows the normal reactions of a primary alcohol.
Thus propyl alcohol can be converted to alkyl halides; for example red phosphorus and iodine produce n-propyl iodide in 80% yield, while PCl3 with catalytic ZnCl2 gives n-propyl chloride.
Reaction with acetic acid in the presence of an H2SO4 catalyst under Fischer esterification conditions gives propyl acetate, while refluxing propanol overnight with formic acid alone can produce propyl formate in 65% yield.

Oxidation of propyl alcohol with Na2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 gives a 36% yield of propionaldehyde, and therefore for this type of reaction higher yielding methods using PCC or the Swern oxidation are recommended.
Oxidation with chromic acid yields propionic acid.

PREPARATION PROPERTIES OF PROPYL ALCOHOL:
Propyl alcohol is manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of propionaldehyde.
Propionaldehyde is produced via the oxo process by hydroformylation of ethylene using carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as cobalt octacarbonyl or a rhodium complex.
H2C=CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CH=O
CH3CH2CH=O + H2 → CH3CH2CH2OH
A traditional laboratory preparation of propyl alcohol involves treating n-propyl iodide with moist Ag2O.

PROPYL ALCOHOL AS FUEL:
Propyl alcohol has high octane number and is suitable for engine fuel usage.
However, Propyl alcohol is too expensive to use as a motor fuel.
The research octane number (RON) of Propyl alcohol is 118, and anti-knock index (AKI) is 108



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT PROPYL ALCOHOL:
Propyl alcohol is thought to be similar to ethanol in its effects on the human body, but 2–4 times more potent.
Oral LD50 in rats is 1870 mg/kg (compared to 7060 mg/kg for ethanol).
Propyl alcohol is metabolized into propionic acid.
Effects include alcoholic intoxication and high anion gap metabolic acidosis.
As of 2011, one case of lethal propyl alcohol poisoning was reported
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



SYNONYMS OF PROPYL ALCOHOL:
MeSH Entry Terms:
1-Propanol
Alcohol, Propyl
n-Propanol
Propanol
Propyl Alcohol

Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
1-propanol
propanol
Propan-1-ol
Propyl alcohol
n-propanol
71-23-8
n-Propyl alcohol
ethylcarbinol
1-hydroxypropane
optal
Policosanol
osmosol extra
Propylic alcohol
Propanol-1
1-Propyl alcohol
n-Propan-1-ol
Propanolen
Propanole
Alcohol, propyl
Propanoli
Ethyl carbinol
Alcool propilico
Alcool propylique
n-Propyl alkohol
Propylowy alkohol
1-PROPONOL
propane-1-ol
142583-61-7
propylalcohol
FEMA No. 2928
NSC 30300
n-PrOH
Propylan-propyl alcohol
MFCD00002941
CHEBI:28831
96F264O9SV
NSC-30300
UN 1274
1-Propanol, anhydrous
Albacol
POL
Propanole [German]
Propanolen [Dutch]
Propanol, 1-
Propanoli [Italian]
Propyl alcohol, normal
Caswell No. 709A
FEMA Number 2928
Propyl alcohol (natural)
1 Propanol
Alcool propilico [Italian]
Alcool propylique [French]
n-Propyl alkohol [German]
Propylowy alkohol [Polish]
Propyl alcohol, n-
CCRIS 3202
HSDB 115
EINECS 200-746-9
UN1274
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 047502
BRN 1098242
Hydroxypropane
ethyl methanol
n-propylalcohol
normal propanol
n-Propylalkohol
UNII-96F264O9SV
AI3-16115
62309-51-7
3-propanol
nPrOH
HOPr
PrOH
normal propyl alcohol
N-Propanol ACS grade
n-C3H7OH
1-Propanol, HPLC Grade
DSSTox_CID_1739
bmse000446
N-PROPANOL [HSDB]
PROPANOL [WHO-DD]
1-Propanol, >=99%
EC 200-746-9
DSSTox_RID_76299
PROPYL ALCOHOL [MI]
DSSTox_GSID_21739
PROPYL ALCOHOL [FCC]
WLN: Q3
4-01-00-01413 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
CHEMBL14687
PROPYL ALCOHOL [FHFI]
PROPYL ALCOHOL [INCI]
1-PROPANOL [USP-RS]
1-Propanol, analytical standard
1-Propanol, JIS special grade
PROPANOL [EP MONOGRAPH]
PROPYL ALCOHOL [MART.]
1-Propanol, >=99%, FG
1-Propanol, LR, >=99%
DTXSID2021739
1-Propanol, >=99.80%
BDBM36153
Propyl Alcohol (Fragrance Grade)
PROPYL ALCOHOL (PROPANOL)
1-Propanol, anhydrous, 99.7%
1-Propanol, p.a., 99.5%
ZINC895969
1-Propanol, AR, >=99.5%
AMY11110
NSC30300
Tox21_302440
1-Propanol, Spectrophotometric Grade
LMFA05000101
n-Propanol or propyl alcohol, normal
STL264225
1-Propanol, natural, >=98%, FG
Hydroxypropyl cellulose-SL (HPC-SL)
1-Propanol, >=99% (GC), purum
AKOS000249219
1-Propanol, for HPLC, >=99.5%
1-Propanol, for HPLC, >=99.9%
DB03175
1-Propanol, ACS reagent, >=99.5%
1-Propanol, HPLC grade, >=99.5%
CAS-71-23-8
1-Propanol, purum, >=99.0% (GC)
NCGC00255163-01
1-Propanol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
1-Propanol, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
Propyl Alcohol (Normal) Reagent Grade ACS
FT-0608280
FT-0608281
FT-0627482
P0491
1-Propanol, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.0%
C05979
Q14985
A837125
J-505102
1-Propanol, for inorganic trace analysis, >=99.8%
1-Propanol, B&J Brand (product of Burdick & Jackson)
F0001-1829
Z955123580
1-Propanol, puriss. p.a., Reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.5% (GC)
1-Propanol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
n-Propanol or propyl alcohol, normal [UN1274] [Flammable liquid]
1-Propanol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
5VQ
71-31-8

Benzoic acid, propyl ester; n-Propyl benzoate; Propyl benzenecarboxylate; Propyl benzoate; PROPYL BENZOATE, N° CAS : 2315-68-6, Nom INCI : PROPYL BENZOATE. Nom chimique : Propyl benzoate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 219-020-8. Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur, Restriction en Europe : V/1a. La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de 0,5 %.Ses fonctions (INCI) : Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

PROPYL GALLATE, N° CAS : 121-79-9, Nom INCI : PROPYL GALLATE, Nom chimique : Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-498-2. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

Propyl ethanoate (also known as 1-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, 1-acetoxypropane, acetic acid) is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C5H10O2 / CH3COOCH2CH2CH3.
Propyl ethanoate is commonly used as a solvent in coatings and printing inks.
Propyl ethanoate is highly flammable and Propyl ethanoate is abundantly miscible with all common organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, glycols, esters) but has only slight miscibility in water.

CAS Number: 109-60-4
EC Number: 203-686-1
Chemical Formula: CH3COOCH2CH2CH3
Molecular Weight: 102.13

Propyl ethanoate, also known as N-propyl acetate, is an organic compound.
Nearly 20,000 tons are produced annually for use as a solvent.

Propyl ethanoate is known by its characteristic odor of pears.
Due to this fact, Propyl ethanoate is commonly used in fragrances and as a flavor additive.
Propyl ethanoate is formed by the esterification of acetic acid and propan-1-ol, often via Fischer–Speier esterification, with sulfuric acid as a catalyst and water produced as a byproduct.

Propyl ethanoate (also known as 1-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, 1-acetoxypropane, acetic acid) is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C5H10O2 / CH3COOCH2CH2CH3.
Propyl ethanoate is a clear, colourless ester that has a distinguishable acetate odour, is highly flammable, highly miscible with all common organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, glycols, esters) but only slightly miscible in water.

Propyl ethanoate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Propyl ethanoate is flash point 58 °F.
Propyl ethanoate is less dense than water, Vapors are heavier than air.

Propyl ethanoate is an acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of acetic acid with propanol.
Propyl ethanoate has a role as a fragrance and a plant metabolite.
Propyl ethanoate is functionally related to a propan-1-ol.

Propyl ethanoate is a clear, colourless liquid with a distinctive, pleasant fruity odour.
Propyl ethanoate is readily miscible with most organic solvents such as alcohol, ketones, glycols and esters, but Propyl ethanoate has only limited miscibility with water.

Propyl ethanoate is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C5H10O2.
Propyl ethanoate is a clear, colourless liquid that has a distinguishable acetate odor.

Propyl ethanoate is highly flammable and Propyl ethanoate is abundantly miscible with all common organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, glycols, esters) but has only slight miscibility in water.
Propyl ethanoate is commonly used as a solvent in coatings and printing inks.

Propyl ethanoate is an organic chemical compound, more specifically, an ester of acetic acid and propanol.
Propyl ethanoate is obtained by esterification of propanol with acetic acid in the presence of a catalyst.

Propyl ethanoate is also known as N-propyl acetate and is widely used as a solvent, but its characteristic odor makes Propyl ethanoate a fragrance as well.

Propyl ethanoate, also known as “propyl acetate” or “Acetic acid propyl ester”, naturally exists in strawberries, bananas and tomatoes.
Propyl ethanoate is synthetically produced by having acetic acid and 1-propanol undergoing esterification reaction.

Propyl ethanoate is a colorless transparent liquid at room temperature with typical ester properties.
Propyl ethanoate has a special fruity odor and can be dissolved in both ethanol and ethyl ether.

Propyl ethanoate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Propyl ethanoate is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Propyl ethanoate (also known as 1-propyl acetate) is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C5H10O2.
Propyl ethanoate is commonly used as a solvent in coatings and printing inks.

Propyl ethanoate is a clear, colourless liquid that has a distinguishable acetate odour.
Propyl ethanoate is highly flammable with a flash point of 14° C and a flammability rating of 3.
Propyl ethanoate is highly miscible with all common organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, glycols, esters) but has only slight miscibility in water.

Propyl ethanoate is a colorless, volatile solvent with an odor similar to acetone.
Propyl ethanoate has good solvency power for many natural and synthetic resins.
Propyl ethanoate is miscible with many organic solvents.

Propyl ethanoate is an ester with an average evaporation rate and high degree of solubility in the major resins on the market, such as nitrocellulose, and synthetic and natural resins.
Propyl ethanoate is used in formulations for paints and thinners for different applications, including printing inks (rotogravure and flexography), industrial coatings, original automotive paints and car refinishing.
In printing inks, Propyl ethanoate also stands out for its low retention in flexible polyethylene and polypropylene films.

Propyl ethanoate is a colorless, volatile solvent with an odor similar to acetone.
Propyl ethanoate has good solvency power for many natural and synthetic resins.
Propyl ethanoate is miscible with many organic solvents.

Propyl ethanoate is the propyl ester of acetic acid.

Propyl ethanoate, also known as 1-acetoxypropane or N-propyl acetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters.
These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group).

Propyl ethanoate exists as a clear, colourless liquid with fruity odor and has a bittersweet flavor reminiscent of pear on dilution.
Propyl ethanoate is commonly used in fragrances and as a flavor additive.
Its fruity aroma accounts for the aroma of passion fruit pulps (0.1% - 0.16% relative to total volatile compounds), melons, apples (4.57% - 9.89% relative to total aroma volatiles), and pears (1.31 mg/L in pear juice).

Propyl ethanoate is acts as a clear, colorless, volatile solvent for coatings, printing inks and chemical downstream industries.
Propyl ethanoate is possesses a characteristic odor reminiscent of acetone and a good solvent power for numerous natural and synthetic resins.

Propyl ethanoate is exhibits miscibility with many common solvents, e.g. alcohols, ketones, ethers, aldehydes, glycols and glycol ethers, but sparingly soluble in water.
Propyl ethanoate is used for coatings applications like wood lacquers and industrial finishes and for printing inks applications like flexographic and special screen inks.

Propyl ethanoate (nPAC) is an organic compound with the formula C5H10O2.
Propyl ethanoate is most used as solvent in lacquer, paint and chemistry industry.

Propyl ethanoate is a highly miscible organic solvent.
Propyl ethanoate is used in the production of fragrances and nail care products.

Propyl ethanoate is used as a solvent.
Propyl ethanoate plays an important role in the printing inks industry are flexographic and special screen printing inks.

Propyl ethanoate is widely used in fragrances and as a flavor additive due to its odor.
Propyl ethanoate acts as a good solvent for cellulose nitrate, acrylates, alkyd resins, rosin, plasticizers, waxes, oils and fats.

Propyl ethanoate is a chemical compound used as a solvent and an example of an ester.
Propyl ethanoate is known by its characteristic odor of pears.

Due to this fact, Propyl ethanoate is commonly used in fragrances and as a flavor additive.
Propyl ethanoate is formed by the esterification of acetic acid and 1-propanol (known as a condensation reaction), often via Fischer–Speier esterification, with sulfuric acid as a catalyst and water produced as a byproduct.

Propyl ethanoate, also known as 1-acetoxypropane or N-propyl acetate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acid esters.
These are carboxylic acid derivatives in which the carbon atom from the carbonyl group is attached to an alkyl or an aryl moiety through an oxygen atom (forming an ester group).
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published oPropyl ethanoate.

Propyl ethanoate, also known as N-propyl acetate, is an organic compound with a molecular formula of C5H10O2.
Propyl ethanoate is a clear and colourless liquid with with a mild fruity odor.

Propyl ethanoate is highly flammable with a flash point of 14°C and a flammability rating of 3.
Propyl ethanoate is highly miscible with all common organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, glycols, esters) but has only slight miscibility in water.

Propyl ethanoate is found in apple and formed by the esterification of acetic acid and 1-propanol (known as acondensation reaction), often via Fischer–Speier esterification, with sulfuric acid as a catalyst and water produced as a byproduct.
Propyl ethanoate is primarily intended as a solvent in the coatings and printing inks industries.

Propyl ethanoate is widely used in fragrances and as a flavor additive due to its odor.
Propyl ethanoate also acts as a good solvent for cellulose nitrate, acrylates, alkyd resins, rosin, plasticizers, waxes, oils and fats.

Propyl ethanoate Market Outlook-2022-2032:
The global Propyl ethanoate market size is expected to reach a valuation of US$ 418.6 Mn by the end of 2022.
Sales of Propyl ethanoate are likely to expand at a CAGR of 5.4% from 2022 to 2032.

The global market is projected to top a valuation of US$ 706.3 Mn by the end of 2032.
Growing demand for Propyl ethanoate from the printing ink industry as a slow evaporation solvent is anticipated to drive the market during the projected period.

Propyl ethanoate, which is also known as N-propyl acetate, is an ester of acetic acid and n-propanol.
Propyl ethanoate is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor of peers and raspberry.

Propyl ethanoate is miscible with a wide variety of typical solvents, including alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and glycol ethers, although in water Propyl ethanoate is only sparingly soluble.
Additionally, due to the presence of higher alkanes, Propyl ethanoate offers a slow rate of evaporation when used as an industrial solvent.

Owing to these characteristics, Propyl ethanoate is primarily implemented as a solvent for liquid, flexographic, and rotogravure printing inks.
In the cosmetics industry, Propyl ethanoate is used to make aerosol sprays, nail care products, cosmetics, and fragrances.

The growth of the Propyl ethanoate market is primarily driven by the printing ink industries.
Globally, these industries consume up to a one-third portion of the Propyl ethanoate and are expected to soar the demand in the forecast period.

The market for Propyl ethanoate is directly impacted by expansion in the printing ink sector.
The printing industry uses Propyl ethanoate extensively as a solvent, mostly for flexographic and screen printing inks.

Propyl ethanoate can thin a variety of different organic compounds, making Propyl ethanoate a useful solvent for this sector of the economy.
Particularly in emerging economies such as China and India, need for inks for paper media and packaging is surging.

The conventional ethyl acetate solvent in flexographic printing consumes more solvent, more ink, and requires flame retardants which hikes the printing costs.
However, with the use of Propyl ethanoate, high-quality flexography printings can be achieved with the consumption of 33% lesser solvent and 25% lesser ink which subsequently turns down the printing cost.
Thus, due to these improved benefits over ethyl acetate, Propyl ethanoate is quickly replacing Propyl ethanoate in the printing ink sector and will continue its growth in the forecast period.

Uses of Propyl ethanoate:
The major use of Propyl ethanoate is as a solvent in the coatings and printing industries.
Propyl ethanoate is a good solvent for these industries because Propyl ethanoate has the ability to thin many other organic compounds.

Propyl ethanoate dissolves a host of resins which make Propyl ethanoate a suitable solvent for wood lacquers and industrial finishes.
Within the printing industry Propyl ethanoate is mainly used in flexographic and special screening prints.

Propyl ethanoate is also used in aerosol sprays, nail care and as a fragrance solvent.
Propyl ethanoate can also be used as a flavouring additive due to its odour similar to pears.
The main user end markets are the printing, coatings, lacquers, cosmetic and flavouring industries.

Propyl ethanoate is used as a solvent, flavoring agent, and chemical intermediate.

Propyl ethanoate is flavoring agents, perfumery, solvent for nitrocellulose and other cellulose derivatives, natural and synthetic resins, lacquers, plastics, organic synthesis, lab reagent
Propyl ethanoate is a powerful solvent and is used in waxes, and insecticide formulations.

Propyl ethanoate is used in alcohol-dilutable inks containing nitrocellulose as a main constituent, polyamide inks, acrylic inks.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Propyl ethanoate is used in the following products: coating products, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and greases, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners and metal working fluids.
Propyl ethanoate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and scientific research and development.

Propyl ethanoate is used for the manufacture of: , fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment and machinery and vehicles.
Other release to the environment of Propyl ethanoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Uses at industrial sites:
Propyl ethanoate is used in the following products: coating products, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
Propyl ethanoate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Propyl ethanoate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Propyl ethanoate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Industry Uses:
Intermediate
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Pigments
Solvent

Consumer Uses:
Propyl ethanoate is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, coating products, anti-freeze products, perfumes and fragrances, adhesives and sealants, washing & cleaning products, leather treatment products, cosmetics and personal care products and polishes and waxes.
Other release to the environment of Propyl ethanoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Other Consumer Uses:
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Pigments
Solvent

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Painting (Solvents)
Plastic Composites Manufacturing

Applications of Propyl ethanoate:
Propyl ethanoate is mainly used as a solvent in the industrial production of coatings and printing inks (owing to its suitability to thin down many other organic compounds).
Propyl ethanoate is also an excellent solvent for many natural and synthetic resins (such as cellulose nitrate, acrylates, colophony, plastifiers, wax, oils and fats), varnishes for wood, natural and synthetic dyes and plastics.
Propyl ethanoate is also used to produce insecticides and in the perfume, printing and food industry (as a flavor additive for food lending Propyl ethanoate the taste and flavor of a pear).

Propyl ethanoate mainly used as solvent in printing inks, especially in flexographic and special screen printing inks, also used as a safe and pro-environment solvent for food package printing ink industry and used in PTA(purified tereph-thalic acid) industry.
With strong ability to dissolve many natural and synthetic resins (e.g. cellulose nitrate, acrylates, alkyd resin) Coatings for automotive and plastic Solvents for cosmetics and personal care, for fragrances.

Propyl ethanoate is used as an active solvent in many ink and coating applications.
For cosmetics and personal care, Propyl ethanoate can be used in nail care or as a flavoring agent.
In addition, Propyl ethanoate has been listed as Inert Ingredients Permitted for Use in Nonfood Use Pesticide Products under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).

Propyl ethanoate is used as a solvent.
Propyl ethanoate plays an important role in the printing inks industry are flexographic and special screen printing inks.

Propyl ethanoate is widely used in fragrances and as a flavor additive due to its odor.
Propyl ethanoate acts as a good solvent for cellulose nitrate, acrylates, alkyd resins, rosin, plasticizers, waxes, oils and fats.

Propyl ethanoate is primarily used as a solvent in the manufacture of paints and coatings because of its ability to thin many other organic compounds.
Propyl ethanoate has the power to dissolve a wide range of resins, which also makes Propyl ethanoate highly suitable as a solvent for wood lacquers and industrial finishes.

Propyl ethanoate is widely used in the printing industry, mainly for flexographic and screen printing inks.
Propyl ethanoate is also used as a solvent in perfumes and is found as an ingredient in aerosol sprays, nail care products and cosmetics.

Propyl ethanoate is used as an intermediate in organic chemistry of pharmaceutical compounds.
Propyl ethanoate is also used as a flavouring additive on account of its fruity odour, which is similar to pears.

Other Applications:
Coatings
Wood lacquers
Aerosol sprays
Nail care
Cosmetic / personal care solvent
Fragrance solvent
Process solvent
Printing inks (especially flexographic and special screen)

Features of Propyl ethanoate:
Propyl ethanoate’s main application is in the printing inks industry for flexographic and special screen printing inks.
Propyl ethanoate is slightly soluble in water but is miscible with alcohols, ketones, esters and hydrocarbons.
Propyl ethanoate is a suitable fluid for blended products requiring variation in end-use performance.

Other Features:
Clear, highly volatile liquid
Mild odor
Sparingly soluble in water
Good resin solvent
Slow RER
Promotes flow and leveling
Non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) Solvent
Solvency power similar to ethyl acetate
Miscible with many organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, glycols and glycol ethers)

Manufacturing Methods of Propyl ethanoate:
Propyl ethanoate is produced by direct esterification of the corresponding alcohol with acetic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid, ptoluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, or a strong cationic resin as catalyst.
1-Propanol can also undergo ester interchange with methyl or ethyl acetate in the presence of a strong cationic exchange resin to give Propyl ethanoate.

Propyl ethanoate is manufacture from acetic acid and mixture of propene and propane in the presence of zinc chloride catalyst.
Propyl ethanoate is manufacture from interaction of acetic acid and n-propyl alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid.

Typical Properties of Propyl ethanoate:

Chemical Properties:
Propyl ethanoate has a fruity (pear–raspberry) odor with a pleasant, bittersweet flavor reminiscent of pear on dilution.
The Odor Threshold is 70 milligram per cubic meter and 2.8 milligram per cubic meter (New Jersey Fact Sheet).

Physical properties:
Clear, colorless, flammable liquid with a pleasant, pear-like odor.
Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 200 μg/m3 (48 ppbv) and 600 μg/m3 (140 ppbv), respectively.

An odor threshold concentration of 240 ppbv was determined by a triangular odor bag method.
Cometto-Mu?iz and Cain (1991) reported an average nasal pungency threshold concentration of 17,575 ppmv.

General Manufacturing Information of Propyl ethanoate:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Printing Ink Manufacturing
Printing and Related Support Activities
Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing

Human Metabolite Information of Propyl ethanoate:

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Handling and Storage of Propyl ethanoate:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling Propyl ethanoate must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Propyl ethanoate without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Storage and Handling of Propyl ethanoate:
Propyl ethanoate should be stored in a tightly-closed containerin a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from direct sunlight, heat, sources of ignition and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers, acids and bases.
Containers which have been opened should be carefully resealed and stored in an upright position to avoid leakage.

Handle in accordance with good industry practices for safety and hygiene.
Personal protective equipment including eye goggles and impermeable gloves and clothing should be worn to avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Appropriate engineering controls including sufficient natural or exhaust ventilation must be implemented and respiratory protection should be worn to prevent exposure to vapours.

Reactivity Profile of Propyl ethanoate:
Propyl ethanoate is an ester.
Propyl ethanoate is colorless, highly flammable liquid, moderately toxic.

Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, sparks, or strong oxidizers.
When heated to decomposition Propyl ethanoate emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

First Aid Measures of Propyl ethanoate:

Eye:
IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids.
Get medical attention immediately.

Skin:
WATER FLUSH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water promptly.
If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly.
If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.

Breathing:
RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once.
If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration.

Keep the affected person warm and at rest.
Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow:
MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fire Fighting of Propyl ethanoate:

CAUTION:
The majority of these products have a very low flash point.
Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
If Propyl ethanoate can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
If this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Use alcohol-resistant foam, foam, powder, carbon dioxide, fine water spray.
In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fire Fighting Procedures of Propyl ethanoate:

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined.
Use water in flooding quantities of fog.

Solid streams of water may be ineffective.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Use "alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Accidental Release Measures of Propyl ethanoate:

Isolation and Evacuation:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL:
Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Propyl ethanoate:
Remove all ignition sources.
Evacuate danger area!

Consult an expert! Personal protection:
Filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance.
Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.
Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers.

Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Disposal Methods of Propyl ethanoate:
The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of Propyl ethanoate for its approved use or return Propyl ethanoate to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
Propyl ethanoate's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Preventive Measures of Propyl ethanoate:
The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent.
The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.

However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.
In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Identifiers of Propyl ethanoate:
CAS Number: 109-60-4
ChEBI: CHEBI:40116
ChEMBL: ChEMBL44857
ChemSpider: 7706
DrugBank: DB01670
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.352
EC Number: 203-686-1
PubChem CID: 7997
RTECS number: AJ3675000
UNII: 4AWM8C91G6
UN number: 1276
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID6021901
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H10O2/c1-3-4-7-5(2)6/h3-4H2,1-2H3
Key: YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C5H10O2/c1-3-4-7-5(2)6/h3-4H2,1-2H3
Key: YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYAC
SMILES: O=C(OCCC)C

CAS number: 109-60-4
EC index number: 607-024-00-6
EC number: 203-686-1
Hill Formula: C₅H₁₀O₂
Chemical formula: CH₃COOCH₂CH₂CH₃
Molar Mass: 102.13 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 39 00

Synonyms: Propyl acetate
Linear Formula: CH3COOCH2CH2CH3
CAS Number: 109-60-4
Molecular Weight: 102.13

Molecular Weight：102.13200
Exact Mass：102.13
EC Number：203-686-1
UNII：4AWM8C91G6
ICSC Number：0940
NSC Number：72025
UN Number：1276
DSSTox ID：DTXSID6021901
Color/Form：Colorless liquid
HScode：2915390090

CAS: 109-60-4
Molecular Formula: C5H10O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 102.13
MDL Number: MFCD00009372
InChI Key: YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 7997
ChEBI: CHEBI:40116
IUPAC Name: propyl acetate
SMILES: CCCOC(C)=O

Linear Formula: CH3COOCH2CH2CH3
CAS Number: 109-60-4
Molecular Weight: 102.13
Beilstein: 1740764
EC Number: 203-686-1
MDL number: MFCD00009372
eCl@ss: 39022103
PubChem Substance ID: 329757979
NACRES: NA.21

Boiling point: 101.5 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.89 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.7 - 8 %(V)
Flash point: 11.8 °C
Ignition temperature: 430 °C
Melting Point: -95 °C
Vapor pressure: 33 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 21.2 g/l

Properties of Propyl ethanoate:
Chemical formula: C5H10O2
Molar mass: 102.133 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Mild, fruity
Density: 0.89 g/cm3
Melting point: −95 °C (−139 °F; 178 K)
Boiling point: 102 °C (216 °F; 375 K)
Solubility in water: 18.9 g/L
Vapor pressure: 25 mmHg (20 °C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −65.91·10−6 cm3/mol

PSA：26.30000
XLogP3：0.9595
Appearance：Colorless liquid with a strong odor
Density：0.836 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point：-93 °C
Boiling Point：101.5 °C @ Press: 760 Torr
Flash Point：55 °F
Refractive Index：n20/D 1.384(lit.)
Water Solubility：H2O: 2g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions：Storage Room low temperature ventilation drying ,Separate storage with oxidizing agent
Vapor Pressure：35.2mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density：3.5 (vs air)
Flammability characteristics：Class IB Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. below 73°F and BP at or above 100°F.
Explosive limit：vol% in air: 1.7.0
Odor：Pleasant odor
Taste：Pleasant, bittersweet flavor reminiscent of pear on dilution.
OH：3.40e-12 cm3/molecule*sec
Henrys Law Constant：2.18e-04 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 2.18X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C
Air and Water Reactions：Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Molecular Formula: C5H10O2 / CH3COOCH2CH2CH3
Cas Number: 109-60-4
Molecular Mass: 102.06808 g/mol
Flashpoint: 58 °F / 14.4 °C
Boiling Point: 214.9 ° F at 760 mm Hg
Melting Point: -139 °F / -95 °C
Vapour Pressure: 67.21 mm Hg
Water Solubility: g/100ml at 16 °C: 1.6
Density: 0.886 at 68 °F

vapor density: 3.5 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
vapor pressure: 25 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Assay: ≥99.5%
form: liquid
autoignition temp.: 842 °F

expl. lim.:
1.7 %, 37 °F
8 %

impurities:
≤0.01% Acetic acid (free acid)
≤0.1% Water

evapn. residue: ≤0.01%
color: APHA: ≤15
refractive index: n20/D 1.384 (lit.)
bp: 102 °C (lit.)
mp: −95 °C (lit.)
density: 0.888 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CCCOC(C)=O
InChI: 1S/C5H10O2/c1-3-4-7-5(2)6/h3-4H2,1-2H3
InChI key: YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 102.13 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 102.068079557 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 102.068079557 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 59.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Propyl ethanoate:
Melting Point: -92°C
Density: 0.887
Boiling Point: 99°C to 102°C
Flash Point: 14°C (57°F)
Odor: Fruit-like
Linear Formula: CH3CO2CH2CH2CH3
Refractive Index: 1.384
Quantity: 500 mL
UN Number: UN1276
Beilstein: 1740764
Merck Index: 14,7841
Solubility Information: Miscible with alcohols,ketones,aldehydes,ethers,glycols and glycol ethers. Slightly soluble in water.
Formula Weight: 102.13
Percent Purity: 99%
Chemical Name or Material: Propyl ethanoate

Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 98.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.886 - 0.888
Identity (IR): passes test

Related compounds ofPropyl ethanoate:
Propan-1-ol
Acetic acid

Related esters:
Ethyl acetate
Isopropyl acetate
n-butyl acetate
Isobutyl acetate

Names of Propyl ethanoate:

Regulatory process names:
1-Acetoxypropane
1-Propyl acetate
Acetate de propyle normal
Acetic acid n-propyl ester
Acetic acid, propyl ester
n-PROPYL ACETATE
n-Propyl acetate
n-Propyl acetate (natural)
n-Propyl ethanoate
Octan propylu
Propyl acetate
Propyl acetate
propyl acetate
Propyl ethanoate
Propylester kyseliny octove

Translated names:
acetat de propil (mt)
acetat de propil (ro)
acetato de propilo (es)
acetato de propilo (pt)
acetato di propile propilacetato (it)
acétate de propyle; (fr)
octan propylu (pl)
propil acetat (sl)
propil-acetát (hu)
propilacetatas (lt)
propilacetāts (lv)
propyl-acetát (cs)
propyl-acetát (sk)
propylacetaat (nl)
propylacetat (da)
Propylacetat (de)
propylacetat (no)
propylacetat (sv)
Propyyliasetaatti (fi)
propüülatsetaat (et)
οξικός προπυλεστέρας (el)
пропил ацетат (bg)

IUPAC names:
Acetic acid, propyl ester
Acetic acid, propylester
EC_203_686_1__propyl_acetate
n-propyl acetate
n-Propyl ethanoate
n-propyl ethanoate
NPAC
PROPYL ACETATE
Propyl Acetate
Propyl acetate
propyl acetate
Propyl Acetate
Propyl acetate
propyl acetate
PROPYL ACETATE, NORMAL
Propyl ethanoate
propyl ethanoate
propylacetate

Preferred IUPAC name:
Propyl acetate

Systematic IUPAC name:
Propyl ethanoate

Trade names:
1-Acetoxypropane
1-Propyl acetate
ACETATE, PROPYL
Acetic acid n-propyl ester
acetic acid propyl ester
Acetic acid, propyl ester
ESSIGSAEURE-PROPYLESTER
n-Propanol acetate
n-Propyl Acetate
n-Propyl acetate
n-propyl acetate
n-Propylacetat
NSC 72025
Pr acetate
propyl acetate
Propyl ethanoate
Propylacetat

Other names:
Acetic acid propyl ester
n-Propyl ethanoate
n-Propyl acetate
n-Propyl ester of acetic acid

Other identifiers:
109-60-4
607-024-00-6

Synonyms of Propyl ethanoate:
Propyl acetate
109-60-4
N-PROPYL ACETATE
Acetic acid, propyl ester
Propyl ethanoate
1-Acetoxypropane
1-Propyl acetate
n-Propyl ethanoate
Octan propylu
Acetic acid n-propyl ester
Propylacetate
Acetate de propyle normal
n-Propyl acetate (natural)
Acetic acid propyl ester
FEMA No. 2925
Propylester kyseliny octove
NSC 72025
HSDB 161
Octan propylu [Polish]
n-propanol acetate
EINECS 203-686-1
Acetic acid, n-propyl ester
UNII-4AWM8C91G6
BRN 1740764
4AWM8C91G6
DTXSID6021901
CHEBI:40116
AI3-24156
Acetate de propyle normal [French]
Propylester kyseliny octove [Czech]
NSC-72025
UN1276
DTXCID301901
ACETIC ACID,PROPYL ESTER
EC 203-686-1
4-02-00-00138 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
PROPYL ACETATE (USP-RS)
PROPYL ACETATE [USP-RS]
n-propylacetat
n-Propyl ester of acetic acid
?Propyl acetate
acetic acid propyl
Propyl acetate, N-
ACETATE, PROPYL
Propyl acetate, 99%
PAT (CHRIS Code)
Actate de propyle normal
CH3COOCH2CH2CH3
Acetic acid-n-propyl ester
Propyl ester of acetic acid
PROPYL ACETATE [MI]
FEMA NUMBER 2935
SCHEMBL14991
PROPYL ACETATE [FCC]
WLN: 3OV1
CHEMBL44857
PROPYL ACETATE [FHFI]
PROPYL ACETATE [INCI]
Propyl acetate, >=99.5%
Propyl acetate, >=98%, FG
N-PROPYL ACETATE [HSDB]
N-Propyl acetate LBG-64752
Propyl acetate, analytical standard
ACETIC ACID, N-PROPYL ETHER
NSC72025
Tox21_202012
MFCD00009372
NA1276
STL280317
AKOS008949448
DB01670
LS-3066
UN 1276
NCGC00249148-01
NCGC00259561-01
CAS-109-60-4
A0044
FT-0621756
FT-0627474
Propyl acetate, natural, >=97%, FCC, FG
n-Propyl acetate [UN1276] [Flammable liquid]
n-Propyl acetate [UN1276] [Flammable liquid]
Q415750
J-002310
InChI=1/C5H10O2/c1-3-4-7-5(2)6/h3-4H2,1-2H
Propyl acetate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Propyl Acetate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
109-60-4 [RN]
203-686-1 [EINECS]
Acétate de propyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Acetic acid n-propyl ester
Acetic acid, n-propyl ester
Acetic acid, propyl ester [ACD/Index Name]
MFCD00009372 [MDL number]
n-propyl acetate
n-Propyl ethanoate
Propyl acetate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Propyl ethanoate
Propyl-acetat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Propylester kyseliny octove [Czech]
1-Propyl acetate
3OV1 [WLN]
4-02-00-00138 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein]
4PA
ACETIC ACID PROPYL ESTER
Acetic acid-n-propyl ester
NORMAL PROPYL ACETATE
N-PROPANOL ACETATE
Octan propylu
Trimethylene acetate
WLN: 3OV1

Propyl gallate is an antioxidant commonly used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals to prevent the oxidation of fats and oils, thereby extending shelf life and maintaining product quality.
Propyl gallate is effective in protecting against oxidation by scavenging free radicals and is used in various applications including food preservation, anti-fade agents in microscopy, and stabilizers in pharmaceuticals.
Propyl gallate has been shown to possess antimicrobial and hepatoprotective properties, though its use should be monitored for potential allergic reactions and sensitivities.

CAS Number: 121-79-9
EC Number: 204-498-2
Molecular Formula: C10H12O5
Molecular Weight: 196.2 g/mol

Synonyms: Gallic acid propyl ester , PG, Propyl gallate, 98% 100GR, Propyl gallat, Propyl gallate,3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester, Tenox PG, Propyl gallate 3g [121-79-9], Propyl gallate (200 mg)G2D2031.000mg/mg(dr), Propyl gallate (200 mg), Propyl gallate, USP, Propyl gallate SynonyMs: Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, proply gallate, Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester Tenox PG, Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate for synthesis, 3,4,5-TRIHYDROXYBENZENE-1-PROPYLCARBOXYLATE, 3,4,5-TRIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID N-PROPYL ESTER, 3,4,5-TRIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID PROPYL ESTER, n-propylesterof3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoicacid, Propyl galiate, propyl3,4,5-, Propylester kyseliny gallove, propylesterkyselinygallove, Sustane PG, Tenox PG, tenoxpg, GALLIC ACID N-PROPYL ESTER, GALLIC ACID PROPYL ESTER, FEMA 2947, FEMA 2974, n-Propyl gallate (Ph. Eur.) pure, pharma grade, Propyl gallate 121-79-9 Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 121-79-9 Propyl gallate, PROGALLIN P, Propyl gallate, N-Propyl gallate, N-PROPYL 3,4,5-TRIHYDROXYBENZOATE, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoicacipropylester, Benzoicacid,3,4,5-trihydroxy-,propylester, NCI-C50588, nci-c505888, Nipa 49, nipa49, Nipagallin P, nipagallinp, n-Propyl ester of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, L-A-PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE, B-OLEOYL,*GAMMA -MYRISTOYL, Propyl gallate, FOR MICROSCOPY, Propyl gallate 98+% FCC, PropylGallate(Antioxidant), PropylGallate-(N-Propyl-3,4,5-Trihydroxybezoate), Propyl gallate ,99%, Ethyl carbamate Solution, 1000ppm, Propyl gailate, Propyl gallate ,98%, Gallic acid propyl, Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-Benzoic, Propyl gallate USP/NF/FCC, PROPYLGALLATE,FCC, PROPYLGALLATE,NF

Propyl gallate is a chemical compound used primarily as an antioxidant.
Propyl gallate's primary function is to prevent the oxidation of fats and oils in food products, which helps to extend shelf life and maintain flavor and nutritional quality.
Propyl gallates often found in processed foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

Propyl gallate, or propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate is an ester formed by the condensation of gallic acid and propanol.
Since 1948, Propyl gallate has been added to foods containing oils and fats to prevent oxidation.
As a food additive, Propyl gallate is used under the E number E310.

Propyl gallate is an antioxidant.
Propyl gallate protects against oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and oxygen free radicals.

Propyl gallate (also known as propyl 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenoate) is a kind of ester formed through the condensation of gallic acid and propanol.
Propyl gallate appears as a fine white to creamy-white crystalline powder.

Propyl gallate has long been used as a kind of antioxidants to be supplied to foods especially animal fats and vegetable oil, being especially effective with polyunsaturated fats.
Propyl gallate, as an anti-oxidant, can protect the food and oils from the attack of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen free radicals, having an effect similar to the superoxide dismutase.
Propyl gallate can also be applied to ethers, emulsion, waxes, and transformer oil as the antioxidants.

Propyl gallate caused contact dermatitis in a baker and in a female confectioner who fried doughnuts, primarily sensitized by her night cream; the margarine probably contained gallates.
Propyl gallate is an antioxidant with antimicrobial activity.

Propyl gallate is hepatoprotective in vitro and in vivo, preventing CCl4 induced lipoperoxidation and reduction in polysomes in rat liver.
Propyl gallate in combination with potassium sorbate is bactericidal and bacteriostatic against S. aureus strains known to produce enterotoxins in food. Propyl gallate is commonly added to foods to prevent autoxidation and microbial growth.

Propyl gallate appears as fine white to creamy-white crystalline powder.
Propyl gallate is odorless or with a faint odor.

Propyl gallate's melting point 150°C.
Propyl gallate is insoluble in water.
Propyl gallate is slightly bitter taste.

Propyl gallate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Propyl gallate is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.

Propyl gallate is the n-propyl ester of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid).
Propyl gallate is soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, oil, lard, and aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) ethers of cetyl alcohol, but only slightly soluble in water.

Propyl gallate currently is used as an antioxidant in a reported 167 cosmetic products at maximum concentrations of 0.1%.
Propyl gallate is a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) antioxidant to protect fats, oils, and fat-containing food from rancidity that results from the formation of peroxides.

The biological activity of Propyl gallate is consistent with its free-radical scavenging ability, with effects that include antimicrobial activity, enzyme inhibition, inhibition of biosynthetic processes, inhibition of the formation of nitrosamines, anesthesia, inhibition of neuromuscular response to chemicals, ionizing/ultraviolet (UV) radiation protection, chemoprotection, antimutagenesis, anticarcinogenesis and antitumorigenesis, antiteratogenesis, and anticariogenesis.
Propyl gallate has being shown to be a hepatoprotector in vitro and in vivo.

Propyl gallate is an anti-fade reagent in fluorescence microscopy to reduce photobleaching of fluorescent probes such as rhodamine and fluorescein.
An antioxidant which exhibits antimicrobial activity.

Propyl gallate is an antioxidant with antimicrobial activity.
Propyl gallate is hepatoprotective in vitro and in vivo, preventing CCl4 induced lipoperoxidation and reduction in polysomes in rat liver.

1,2 Propyl gallate (100 mg/kg, i.p.) increases expression of HIF-1α, EPO, and VEGF mRNA levels and the number of normal neurons in rat brains after 8 minutes of forebrain ischemia.
Propyl gallate in combination with potassium sorbate is bactericidal and bacteriostatic against S. aureus strains known to produce enterotoxins in food.4 Propyl gallate is commonly added to foods to prevent autoxidation and microbial growth.

Propyl gallate, C10H12O5, is an ester formed from gallic acid and propanol.
Since 1948, this antioxidant has been added to foods containing oils and fats to prevent oxidation.

As a food additive, Propyl gallate is used under the E number E310.

Propyl gallate is an important antioxidant for the prevention of rancidity in edible oils and fats.
Gallic acid is 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and has the formula (HO)3C6H2·CO2H.

Propyl gallate is found in foods, cosmetics, hair products, adhesives, and lubricants.
Propyl gallate is used to protect oils and fats from oxidation.

Uses of Propyl Gallate:
Propyl gallate is used to protect oils and fats in products from oxidation; Propyl gallate is used in foods, cosmetics, hair products, adhesives, and lubricants.
Propyl gallate is used as a triplet state quencher and an antioxidant in fluorescence microscopy.

Propyl gallate is used as an antioxidant for foods and cosmetics; especially fats, oils, emulsions, and waxes.
Propyl gallate is also used in transformer oils and as a stabilizer for synthetic vitamin A.

Reactive peroxides in povidone often lead to degradation of oxidation-labile drugs.
The antioxidants ascorbic acid, Propyl gallate, and sodium sulfite reduced the peroxide concentration in povidone.

Synthetic antioxidants commonly used in food include butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), Propyl gallate (PG), and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ).

Industry Uses:
Oxidizing/reducing agents

Consumer Uses:
Cleaning and furnishing care products

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Propyl gallate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Propyl gallate is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of Propyl gallate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Uses at industrial sites:
Propyl gallate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Propyl gallate is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.

Propyl gallate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Propyl gallate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and in processing aids at industrial sites.

Applications of Propyl Gallate:
Propyl gallate is used as an anti-fade reagent in fluorescence microscopy to reduce photobleaching of fluorescent probes such as rhodamine and fluorescein.

Pharmaceutical Applications:
Propyl gallate has become widely used as an antioxidant in cosmetics, perfumes, foods, and pharmaceuticals since its use in preventing autoxidation of oils was first described in 1943.
Propyl gallate is primarily used, in concentrations up to 0.1% w/v, to prevent the rancidity of oils and fats.
Propyl gallate may also be used at concentrations of 0.002% w/v to prevent peroxide formation in ether, and at 0.01% w/v to prevent the oxidation of paraldehyde.

Synergistic effects with other antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene have been reported.
Propyl gallate is also said to possess some antimicrobial properties;

Studies have shown that, when added to powder blends containing ketorolac, Propyl gallate significantly increases the drug stability in the preparation.
Other alkyl gallates are also used as antioxidants and have approximately equivalent antioxidant properties when used in equimolar concentration, however, solubilities vary.

Biological effects of Propyl Gallate:
A 1993 study in fat rodents found little or no effect on carcinogenesis by Propyl gallate.
A 2009 study found that Propyl gallate acts as an estrogen antagonist.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Propyl Gallate:
An antioxidant that exhibits antimicrobial activity.
Propyl gallate has been reported to be an effective antioxidant-based hepatoprotector, both in vitro and in vivo.

Propyl gallate has also been shown to prevent neuronal apoptosis and block the death of neurons exposed to FeSO4/GA as well as partially protect endothelial cells against TNF-induced apoptosis.
Propyl gallate has been reported to be an effective antioxidant-based hepatoprotector, both in vitro and in vivo.

Propyl gallate has also been shown to prevent neuronal apoptosis and block the death of neurons exposed to FeSO4/GA as well as partially protect endothelial cells against TNF-induced apoptosis.
However, Propyl gallate induced single strand breaks in DNA at concentrations higher than 0.25 μM when Propyl gallate was combined with copper concentrations at 5 μM and above.

Propyl gallate (Gallic acid propyl esterZ, n-Propyl gallate) is an antioxidant used in foods especially animal fats and vegetable oils, also in a wide variety of cosmetics and beauty care products.
Propyl gallate (PG) could modulate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activation and decrease lung cancer cell survival.

Propyl gallate also induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells and HeLa cells by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and glutathione (GSH) depletion.
Propyl gallate inhibits the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and exerts an antimigration effect on TMZ-treated U87MG cells.

Propyl gallate also possesses anti-inflammatory activity via downregulation of the NF-κB pathway.
Propyl gallate could reduce the proliferation and augment the chemosensitivity of a THP-1 leukemia cell line via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.

In brain ischemia, Propyl gallate inhibits the activity of NF-κB, reduces COX-2 and TNF-alpha G expression, and decreases ischemic-reperfusion injury.

Chemical Properties of Propyl Gallate:
Propyl gallate is an odorless powder having a slightly bitter taste.
Propyl gallate functions particularly well in stabilizing animal fats and vegetable oils.

With a melting point of 148°C, Propyl gallate loses its effectiveness during heat processing and is therefore not suitable in frying applications that involve temperatures exceeding 190°C.
Propyl gallate chelates iron ions and forms an unappealing, blue–black complex.

Hence, Propyl gallate is always used with chelators such as citric acid to eliminate the pro-oxidative iron and copper catalysts.
Good synergism is obtained with BHA and BHT; however, application with TBHQ is not permitted.
For additional details, refer to Burdock (1997).

Structure of Propyl Gallate:

Core Structure:
A benzene ring with three hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached at the 3, 4, and 5 positions.
This gives the ring Propyl gallate's characteristic "gallate" structure.

A propyl ester group attached to the benzene ring through a carboxyl group (-COO-).
The ester is formed by the esterification of the carboxyl group with propanol.

Detailed Structure:
The benzene ring is the central structure with hydroxyl groups at the 3, 4, and 5 positions, which are the ortho and para positions relative to each other.
The ester linkage connects the carboxyl group of the benzene ring to a propyl group (a three-carbon chain).

Handling and Storage of Propyl Gallate:

Handling:

Precautions:
Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and direct contact with skin and eyes.
Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to avoid inhaling dust or vapors.

Hygiene:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling Propyl gallate.
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where Propyl gallate is used.

Storage:
Propyl gallate is unstable at high temperatures and is rapidly destroyed in oils that are used for frying purposes.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed, nonmetallic container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Conditions:
Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.
Keep containers tightly closed.

Container:
Use appropriate containers that are compatible with Propyl gallate.
Typically, Propyl gallate should be stored in airtight, moisture-proof containers.

Separation:
Keep away from strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents to prevent potential reactions.

Reactivity and Stability of Propyl Gallate:

Reactivity:

Conditions to Avoid:
Avoid exposure to high temperatures, strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.
Propyl gallate can decompose under extreme conditions.

Hazardous Reactions:
May react with strong acids and bases, potentially leading to hazardous decomposition products.

Stability:

Stability:
Stable under normal conditions of use and storage.

Decomposition Products:
In case of decomposition, Propyl gallate may produce fumes or gases that could be harmful if inhaled.

Ventilation:

Requirement:
Ensure adequate ventilation in areas where Propyl gallate is used.
Use local exhaust ventilation or a fume hood if working with large quantities or in a confined space.

First Aid Measures of Propyl Gallate:

Inhalation:
Move the person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap.
Remove contaminated clothing.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Eye Contact:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek medical attention immediately.

Ingestion:
Rinse the mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by a medical professional.
Seek medical attention immediately.

Fire Fighting Measures of Propyl Gallate:

Suitable Extinguishers:
Use dry chemical powder, foam, or carbon dioxide (CO₂) extinguishers.

Unsuitable Extinguishers:
Avoid using water if Propyl gallate can spread the fire or cause hazardous reactions.

Fire Fighting Procedures:

Precautions:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear.
Use water spray to cool containers exposed to fire and prevent the spread of fire.

Hazardous Combustion Products:

Possible Products:
Combustion may produce hazardous fumes or gases.
Be aware of potential exposure risks during a fire.

Accidental Release Measures of Propyl Gallate:

Personal Precautions:

Protective Equipment:
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles, and masks.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid inhaling dust or vapors and prevent contact with skin and eyes.

Containment and Cleanup:

Containment:
Isolate the area and prevent the spread of the spill.
Use barriers or absorbents to contain the material.

Cleanup:
Collect the spilled material using suitable tools and dispose of Propyl gallate according to local regulations.
Clean the area thoroughly with an appropriate solvent or detergent.

Disposal:

Regulations:
Follow local regulations for the disposal of chemical waste.
Ensure that disposal methods do not harm the environment.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of Propyl Gallate:

Exposure Limits:

Standards:
Refer to occupational exposure limits established by regulatory agencies, though Propyl gallate typically does not have specific exposure limits.

PPE Recommendations:

Eye Protection:
Safety goggles or face shield.

Skin Protection:
Chemical-resistant gloves and lab coats.

Respiratory Protection:
Use an N95 respirator or higher if there is a risk of inhaling dust or vapors.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation or use a fume hood when handling large quantities.

Identifiers of Propyl Gallate:
Chemical Name: Propyl gallate
IUPAC Name: Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
CAS Number: 121-79-9
Molecular Formula: C10H12O5
Molecular Weight: 196.2 g/mol
SMILES: CCCC(=O)O[C@H]1Oc2c(C=CC)cc(c2O)O1
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H12O5/c1-2-3-4-13-10(12)8-5-6(11)7(9(8)14)15/h5-7,11-14H,2-4H2,1H3
InChIKey: XWDFUBTNVVIGKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

EC / List no.: 204-498-2
CAS no.: 121-79-9
Mol. formula: C10H12O5

Properties of Propyl Gallate:
Physical State: Solid (typically a white to off-white powder)
Melting Point: Approximately 125–129°C (257–264°F)
Boiling Point: Not well-defined, as it decomposes before boiling

Solubility:
In Water: Very low solubility
In Organic Solvents: Soluble in ethanol, acetone, and other organic solvents

Density: Approximately 1.29 g/cm³
Odor: Generally odorless
pH: Neutral to slightly acidic in solution
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions of use and storage. However, Propyl gallate can decompose under high temperatures or in the presence of strong acids or bases.
Reactivity: Propyl gallate is relatively stable but can undergo hydrolysis under acidic or basic conditions.
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder

Specifications of Propyl Gallate:

Purity:

Minimum Purity: Often required to be at least 98% or higher by weight.
Test Method: Typically determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or similar analytical techniques.

Appearance:
Color: White to off-white crystalline powder.
Odor: Odorless or with a faint characteristic odor.

Melting Point:
Range: Approximately 125–129°C (257–264°F).

Loss on Drying:
Maximum Limit:
Usually less than 1% to ensure that the substance is not excessively hygroscopic.

Heavy Metals:
Maximum Limit:
Typically less than 10 ppm (parts per million) or as specified by regulatory standards to ensure safety.

Arsenic:
Maximum Limit:
Usually less than 1 ppm.

Assay:
Minimum:
Should meet the assay requirements of 98% or higher as determined by specific analytical methods.

Residue on Ignition:
Maximum Limit:
Often less than 0.1% to ensure purity.

Acidity/Alkalinity:
Should be neutral or slightly acidic.

Names of Propyl Gallate:

IUPAC Names:
3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-propyl-benzoate
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester, Propyl gallate, Gallic acid propyl ester
n-Propilo 3,4,5 Trihidroxi Benzoato
n-Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
n-Propylgallate
Propyl 3,4,5 trihydroxybenzoate
Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
Propyl gallate
Propyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoat
propyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate

Nipasol; Propyl Chemosept; Solbrol P; Propyl Parasept; Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester; p-hydroxy propyl benzoate; n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; aseptoform p; betacide p; paseptol; propyl aseptoform; protaben p; tegosept p; 4-hydroxybenzoic propyl ester CAS NO. : 94-13-3

Paradept; Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium 4-Propoxycarbonylphenoxide; Natrium-4-propoxycarbonylphenoxid; 4-Propoxicarbonilfenoxido de sodio; 4-Propoxycarbonylphénolate de sodium; Solbrol P, Natriumsalz CAS NO: 35285-69-9

aseptoform P bayer D 206 benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, propyl ester betacide P betacine P bonomold OP chemacide PK chemocide PK p- hydroxy propyl benzoate 4- hydroxy-benzoic acid propyl ester 4- hydroxybenzoic acid N-propyl ester 4- hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester p- hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester para- hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester 4- hydroxybenzoic acid propylester 4- hydroxybenzoic acid, propyl ester p- hydroxybenzoic propyl ester p- hydroxypropyl benzoate mekkings P nipagin P nipasol M nipasol P nipazol paseptol preserval P propagin propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate N- propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate propyl aseptoform propyl butex propyl chemosept propyl chemsept propyl p-hydroxybenzoate N- propyl p-hydroxybenzoate propyl para hydroxy benzoate propyl para-hydroxybenzoate N- propyl para-hydroxybenzoate propyl parabens (india) propyl parahydroxybenzoate propyl parasept propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate USP/NF propylparaben N- propylparaben propylparasept protaben P solbrol P tegosept P CAS Number: 94-13-3

4-methyl-1,3-Dioxolan-2-one; 1,2-Propylene Carbonate; 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate; PC; Carbonic Acid Cyclic Propylene Ester; Propylene carbonat; ene carbonate; PROPYLENE CARBONATE, 99%PROPYLENE CARBONATE, 99%PROPYLENE CARBONATE, 99%; (±)-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; (R,S)-4-Methyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one; 1,2-PDC; 1,2-Propanediol carbonate; propylenesterkyselinyuhlicite CAS NO:108-32-7

Propionic acid, n-Propyl ester; Propyl n-propionate; Propyl Propanoate; cas no: 106-36-5

4-methyl-1,3-Dioxolan-2-one; 1,2-Propylene Carbonate; 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate; PC; Carbonic Acid Cyclic Propylene Ester; (R,S)-4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Cyclic propylene carbonate; Carbonic acid propylene ester; Cyclic 1,2-propylene carbonate; Propylene glycol cyclic carbonate; 1,2-Propanediol carbonate; 4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane; Arconate 5000; Texacar PC CAS NO:108-32-7

Propylene carbonate is a cyclic carbonate that is commonly used as a solvent and as a reactive intermediate in organic synthesis.
Propylene carbonate is being considered as a potential electrochemical solvent due to its low vapor pressure, high dielectric constant and high chemical stability.
Propylene carbonate can be synthesized from propylene oxide and CO2.

CAS: 108-32-7
MF: C4H6O3
MW: 102.09
EINECS: 203-572-1

Optically active form of propylene carbonate can be prepared from the reaction between CO2 and racemic epoxides.
Decomposition of propylene carbonate on the graphite electrode in lithium batteries results in the formation of a lithium intercalated compound.
Propylene carbonate (often abbreviated PC) is an organic compound with the formula C4H6O3.
Propylene carbonate is a cyclic carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol.
This colorless and odorless liquid is useful as a polar, aprotic solvent.
Propylene carbonate is chiral, but is used as the racemic mixture in most contexts.

Clinical studies indicate that propylene carbonate does not cause skin irritation or sensitization when used in cosmetic preparations, whereas moderate skin irritation is observed when used undiluted.
No significant toxic effects were observed in rats fed propylene carbonate, exposed to the vapor, or exposed to the undiluted liquid.
In the US, propylene carbonate is not regulated as a volatile organic compound (VOC) because it does not contribute significantly to the formation of smog and because Propylene carbonate's vapor is not known or suspected to cause cancer or other toxic effects.
Propylene carbonate is an ingredient that is used in cosmetics and skincare products.
Propylene carbonate is mainly used to dissolve or suspend other ingredients in a formulation and also to decrease the thickness of formulations.

Propylene Carbonate is a PU-plasticizer and it is VOC-free clear polar solvent having high boiling and flashpoints.
Propylene Carbonate is a carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol with the peculiarity to have a low order of toxicity and a mild ether-like odor.
The product is stable under most conditions and it is not hydroscopic or corrosive.
Propylene carbonate is a VOC-exempt clear polar solvent having high boiling and
flash points, a low order of toxicity and a mild ether-like odor.
Propylene carbonate is stable under most conditions and is not hydroscopic or corrosive is particularly well suited for applications requiring a water white product or high purity.

Examples would be cosmetics, electronics or where recycling of spent material will occur.
Propylene carbonate is a cyclic carbonate that reacts with amines to form carbamates,
undergoes hydroxy alkylation and transesterification.
Propylene carbonate can be used as an isocyanate and unsaturated polyester resin cleanup solvent, viscosity reducer in coatings, CO2 extraction solvent, electrolyte in lithium batteries, polar additive for clay gellants, foundry binder catalyst, and textile dye carrier and cleaner.

Propylene Carbonate Chemical Properties
Melting point: -55 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 240 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.204 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0.13 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.421(lit.)
Fp: 270 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: 240g/l
Form: Liquid
pka: 3.92[at 20 ℃]
Specific Gravity: 1.209 (20/4℃)
Color: Clear
PH: 7.0 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Relative polarity: 6
Odor: odorless
Explosive limit: 1.8-14.3%(V)
Water Solubility: 240 g/L (20 ºC)
λmax: λ: 235 nm Amax: 1.00
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.50
λ: 300 nm Amax: 0.30
λ: 350 nm Amax: 0.05
λ: 375-400 nm Amax: 0.01
BRN: 107913
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acids, bases, reducing agents.
Protect from contact with moist air or water.
InChIKey: RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.41 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 108-32-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Propylene carbonate(108-32-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Propylene carbonate (108-32-7)
Propylene carbonate is a clear, colorless, mobile liquid, with a faint odor.

Uses
Propylene carbonate is used in chemical reactions as a solvent, plasticizer, solubilizer, or dilutent.
Propylene carbonate is also used in the synthesis of solar cells as well as lithium ion batteries.
Propylene carbonate is particularly well suited for applications requiring a water-white product or high purity.
Propylene carbonate can be used in cosmetics and personal care products; mainly in the formulation of make-up, primarily lipstick, eye shadow, and mascara, as well as in skin cleansing products.

Propylene carbonate is a polar, aprotic solvent used in paints and coatings and as a high-permittivity component of electrolytes in lithium batteries.
Propylene carbonate plays an important role in adhesives, paint strippers, cosmetics, plasticizer, hard surface cleaner, resin cleaner, fiberglass, polyester and polyurethane cleaner.
Furthermore, Propylene carbonate acts as a cleaner in polyurethane, a carburetor and is used in stereo lithography parts.
In electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, Propylene carbonate is doped into low surface tension solutions to enhance analyte charging.

As a solvent
Propylene carbonate is used as a polar, aprotic solvent.
Propylene carbonate has a high molecular dipole moment (4.9 D), considerably higher than those of acetone (2.91 D) and ethyl acetate (1.78 D).
Propylene carbonate is possible, for example, to obtain potassium, sodium, and other alkali metals by electrolysis of their chlorides and other salts dissolved in propylene carbonate.

Electrolyte
Due to its high relative permittivity (dielectric constant) of 64, Propylene carbonate is frequently used as a high-permittivity component of electrolytes in lithium batteries, usually together with a low-viscosity solvent (e.g. dimethoxyethane).
Propylene carbonate's high polarity allows it to create an effective solvation shell around lithium ions, thereby creating a conductive electrolyte.
However, Propylene carbonate is not used in lithium-ion batteries due to its destructive effect on graphite.
Propylene carbonate can also be found in some adhesives, paint strippers, and in cosmetics.
Propylene carbonate is also used as plasticizer.
Propylene carbonate is also used as a solvent for removal of CO2 from natural gas and synthesis gas where H2S is not also present.

Other
Propylene carbonate product may be converted to other carbonate esters by transesterification as well (see Carbonate ester#Carbonate transesterification).
In electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, propylene carbonate is doped into low surface tension solutions to increase analyte charging.
In Grignard reaction propylene carbonate (or most other carbonate esters) might be used to create tertiary alcohols.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Propylene carbonate is used mainly as a solvent in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
In topical applications, propylene carbonate has been used in combination with propylene glycol as a solvent for corticosteroids.
The corticosteroid is dissolved in the solvent mixture to yield microdroplets that can then be dispersed in petrolatum.
Propylene carbonate has been used as a dispensing solvent in topical preparations.

Propylene carbonate has also been used in hard gelatin capsules as a onvolatile, stabilizing, liquid carrier.
For formulations with a low dosage of active drug, a uniform drug content may be obtained by dissolving the drug in propylene carbonate and then spraying this solution on to a solid carrier such as compressible sugar; the sugar may then be filled into hard gelatin capsules
Propylene carbonate may additionally be used as a solvent, at room and elevated temperatures, for many cellulose-based polymers and plasticizers.
Propylene carbonate is also used in cosmetics.

Purification Methods
Propylene carbonate is manufactured by reaction of 1,2-propylene oxide with CO2 in the presence of a catalyst (quaternary ammonium halide).
Contaminants include propylene oxide, carbon dioxide, 1,2-and 1,3-propanediols, allyl alcohol and ethylene carbonate.
Propylene carbonate can be purified by percolation through molecular sieves (Linde 5A, dried at 350o for 14hours under a stream of argon), followed by distillation under a vacuum.
Propylene carbonate can be stored over molecular sieves under an inert gas atmosphere.

When purified in this way Propylene carbonate contains less than 2ppm of water.
Activated alumina and dried CaO have also been used as drying agents prior to fractional distillation under reduced pressure.
Propylene carbonate has been dried with 3A molecular sieves and distilled under nitrogen in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid, then redistilled and the middle fraction collected.

Preparation
Although many organic carbonates are produced using phosgene, propylene and ethylene carbonates are exceptions.
They are mainly prepared by the carbonation of the epoxides (epoxypropane, or propylene oxide here):

CH3CHCH2O + CO2 → CH3C2H3O2CO

The process is particularly attractive since the production of these epoxides consumes carbon dioxide.
Thus this reaction is a good example of a green process.
The corresponding reaction of 1,2-propanediol with phosgene is complex, yielding not only propylene carbonate but also oligomeric products.
Propylene carbonate can also be synthesized from urea and propylene glycol over zinc acetate.

Synonyms
PROPYLENE CARBONATE
108-32-7
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
1,2-Propylene carbonate
1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate
Texacar PC
1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl-
Cyclic propylene carbonate
Arconate 5000
1,2-Propanediol carbonate
1-Methylethylene carbonate
Cyclic 1,2-propylene carbonate
Dipropylene carbonate
1,2-Propanediyl carbonate
4-Methyldioxalone-2
Propylene glycol cyclic carbonate
Cyclic methylethylene carbonate
4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane
Carbonic acid, propylene ester
Propylenecarbonate, 99%
Carbonic acid, cyclic propylene ester
NSC 11784
Propylenester kyseliny uhlicite
Carbonic acid cyclic methylethylene ester
NSC-11784
Propylene carbonate [NF]
DTXSID2026789
8D08K3S51E
Propylene carbonate (NF)
WLN: T5OVOTJ D
DTXCID006789
CAS-108-32-7
HSDB 6806
PC-HP
EINECS 203-572-1
Carbonic acid, cyclic propylene ether
4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one
Propylenester kyseliny uhlicite [Czech]
BRN 0107913
butylhexanoate
UNII-8D08K3S51E
AI3-19724
MFCD00798264
MFCD00798265
Solvenon PC
propylen carbonate
MFCD00005385
Carbonic acid propylene
Arconate propylene carbonate
EC 203-572-1
SCHEMBL15309
5-19-04-00021 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
1-propanediol cyclic carbonate
(S)-1,2-Propanediol carbonate
CHEMBL1733973
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [II]
2-Oxo-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane
1,2-PDC
4-methyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one
NSC1913
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [HSDB]
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [INCI]
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [VANDF]
NSC-1913
NSC11784
Propylene carbonate (Battery grade)
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [MART.]
Tox21_202047
Tox21_303214
BBL027518
PROPYLENE CARBONATE [USP-RS]
STL373011
AKOS009158417
Propylene Carbonate (Industrial Grade)
SB66353
Propylene carbonate, anhydrous, 99.7%
NCGC00165974-01
NCGC00165974-02
NCGC00256995-01
NCGC00259596-01
Propylene carbonate, for HPLC, 99.7%
BP-30108
BP-31155
SY008770
SY066861
DB-018081
Propylene carbonate, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
CS-0076373
FT-0602265
FT-0639979
FT-0660009
FT-0674103
P0525
D05633
EN300-296359
Propylene carbonate, anhydrous, Water 50ppm Max.
Propylene carbonate, Selectophore(TM), >=99.0%
Q415979
J-002116
Propylene carbonate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
F0001-0165
Propylene carbonate, >=99%, acid 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate, 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
Propylene carbonate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
110320-40-6

DESCRIPTION:
Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) (often abbreviated PC) is an organic compound with the formula C4H6O3.
Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) is a cyclic carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol.
Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) is useful as a polar, aprotic solvent.
Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) is chiral, but is used as the racemic mixture in most contexts.

CAS Number: 108-32-7
European Community (EC) Number: 203-572-1
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):C4H6O3
Molecular Weight:102.09
Preferred IUPAC name: 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one




SYNONYMS OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE (1,2-PROPYLENE CARBONATE):
(RS)-4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one,Cyclic propylene carbonate,Carbonic acid propylene ester,Cyclic 1,2-propylene carbonate,Propylene glycol cyclic carbonate,1,2-Propanediol carbonate,4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane,Arconate 5000,Texacar PC , 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate, 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, Propylene carbonate,PROPYLENE CARBONATE,108-32-7
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one,1,2-Propylene carbonate,1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate,Texacar PC,Arconate 5000,Cyclic propylene carbonate,1,2-Propanediol carbonate,1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl-,Dipropylene carbonate,-Methylethylene carbonate,4-Methyldioxalone-2,1,2-Propanediyl carbonate,Cyclic 1,2-propylene carbonate,Propylene glycol cyclic carbonate,Cyclic methylethylene carbonate,4-Methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane,Carbonic acid, propylene ester,NSC 11784,Carbonic acid, cyclic propylene ester,Propylenester kyseliny uhlicite,HSDB 6806,Carbonic acid cyclic methylethylene ester,EINECS 203-572-1,Carbonic acid, cyclic propylene ether,NSC-11784,UNII-8D08K3S51E,BRN 0107913,DTXSID2026789,AI3-19724,8D08K3S51E,Propylenecarbonate, 99%,Propylene carbonate [NF],DTXCID006789,EC 203-572-1,5-19-04-00021 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),Propylene carbonate (NF),WLN: T5OVOTJ D,PROPYLENE CARBONATE (II),PROPYLENE CARBONATE [II],PROPYLENE CARBONATE (MART.),PROPYLENE CARBONATE [MART.],PROPYLENE CARBONATE (USP-RS),PROPYLENE CARBONATE [USP-RS],CAS-108-32-7,PC-HP,4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one,Propylenester kyseliny uhlicite,[Czech],butylhexanoate,MFCD00798264,MFCD00798265,Propylenecarbonate,Solvenon PC,propylen carbonate,?Propylene carbonate,MFCD00005385Arconate propylene carbonate,SCHEMBL15309,1-propanediol cyclic carbonate,(S)-1,2-Propanediol carbonate,CHEMBL1733973,2-Oxo-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane,1,2-PDC,4-methyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one,NSC1913,1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 4-methyl,PROPYLENE CARBONATE [HSDB],PROPYLENE CARBONATE [INCI],PROPYLENE CARBONATE [VANDF],NSC-1913,NSC11784,Propylene carbonate (Battery grade),Tox21_202047,Tox21_303214,AKOS009158417,SB66353,Propylene carbonate, anhydrous, 99.7%,NCGC00165974-01,NCGC00165974-02,NCGC00256995-01,NCGC00259596-01,Propylene carbonate, for HPLC, 99.7%,BP-30108,BP-31155,SY008770,SY066861,Propylene carbonate, ReagentPlus(R), 99%,CS-0076373,FT-0602265,FT-0639979,FT-0660009,FT-0674103,NS00004305,P0525,D05633,EN300-296359,Propylene carbonate, anhydrous, Water 50ppm Max.,Propylene carbonate, Selectophore(TM), >=99.0%,Q415979,J-002116,Propylene carbonate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%,F0001-0165,Propylene carbonate, >=99%, acid


Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) is a natural product found in Solanum lycopersicum with data available.
(R)-1,2-Propylene carbonate is a chiral c1-c3 activating agent that is used as an efficient catalyst for the reaction of inorganic acids with aldehydes.
Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) can also be used to dehydrate activated esters and mismatched alkyl halides.
(R)-1,2-Propylene carbonate has been shown to activate chloride to produce reactive chlorine in organic synthesis.


Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) is a polar, aprotic solvent used in paints and coatings and as a high-permittivity component of electrolytes in lithium batteries.
Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) plays an important role in adhesives, paint strippers, cosmetics, plasticizer, hard surface cleaner, resin cleaner, fiberglass, polyester and polyurethane cleaner.

Furthermore, Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) acts as a cleaner in polyurethane, a carburetor and is used in stereo lithography parts.
In electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, it is doped into low surface tension solutions to enhance analyte charging.


Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) (PC) is a PU-plasticizer and it is VOC-free clear polar solvent having high boiling and flashpoints.
Propylene Carbonate (PC) is a carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol with the peculiarity to have a low order of toxicity and a mild ether-like odor. The product is stable under most conditions and it is not hydroscopic or corrosive




APPLICATIONS OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE (1,2-PROPYLENE CARBONATE):

Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) is a polar, aprotic solvent used in paints and coatings and as a high-permittivity component of electrolytes in lithium batteries.
Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) plays an important role in adhesives, paint strippers, cosmetics, plasticizer, hard surface cleaner, resin cleaner, fiberglass, polyester and polyurethane cleaner.
Furthermore, Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) acts as a cleaner in polyurethane, a carburetor and is used in stereo lithography parts.
In electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, it is doped into low surface tension solutions to enhance analyte charging.


Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) is particularly well suited for applications requiring a water-white product or high purity.
Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) can be used in cosmetics and personal care products; mainly in the formulation of make-up, primarily lipstick, eye shadow, and mascara, as well as in skin cleansing products.

Being a cyclic carbonate reacts with amines to form carbamates, undergoes hydroxy alkylation and transesterification PC can be used as an isocyanate and unsaturated polyester resin cleanup solvent, viscosity reducer in coatings, CO2 extraction solvent, electrolyte in lithium batteries, polar additive for clay gellants, foundry binder catalyst, and textile dye carrier and cleaner.


Solubility of Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate):
Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) is Miscible with water, alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform and ethyl acetate.









PREPARATION OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE (1,2-PROPYLENE CARBONATE):
Although many organic carbonates are produced using phosgene, propylene and ethylene carbonates are exceptions.
They are mainly prepared by the carbonation of the epoxides[5] (epoxypropane, or propylene oxide here):
CH3CHCH2O + CO2 → CH3C2H3O2CO

The process is particularly attractive since the production of these epoxides consumes carbon dioxide.
Thus this reaction is a good example of a green process.
The corresponding reaction of 1,2-propanediol with phosgene is complex, yielding not only propylene carbonate but also oligomeric products.

Propylene carbonate can also be synthesized from urea and propylene glycol over zinc acetate.

As a solvent:
Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) is used as a polar, aprotic solvent.
Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) has a high molecular dipole moment (4.9 D), considerably higher than those of acetone (2.91 D) and ethyl acetate (1.78 D).

Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) is possible, for example, to obtain potassium, sodium, and other alkali metals by electrolysis of their chlorides and other salts dissolved in propylene carbonate.

Electrolyte:
Due to its high relative permittivity (dielectric constant) of 64, it is frequently used as a high-permittivity component of electrolytes in lithium batteries, usually together with a low-viscosity solvent (e.g. dimethoxyethane).
Its high polarity allows it to create an effective solvation shell around lithium ions, thereby creating a conductive electrolyte.
However, Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) is not used in lithium-ion batteries due to its destructive effect on graphite.


Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) can also be found in some adhesives, paint strippers, and in cosmetics.
Propylene Carbonate (1,2-propylene Carbonate) is also used as plasticizer. Propylene carbonate is also used as a solvent for removal of CO2 from natural gas and synthesis gas where H2S is not also present.

This use was developed by El Paso Natural Gas Company and Fluor Corporation in the 1950s for use at the Terrell County Gas Plant in West Texas, now owned by Occidental Petroleum.

Other:
Propylene carbonate product may be converted to other carbonate esters by transesterification as well (see Carbonate ester#Carbonate transesterification).
In electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, propylene carbonate is doped into low surface tension solutions to increase analyte charging.
In Grignard reaction propylene carbonate (or most other carbonate esters) might be used to create tertiary alcohols






SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT PROPYLENE CARBONATE (1,2-PROPYLENE CARBONATE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE (1,2-PROPYLENE CARBONATE):
Chemical formula, C4H6O3
Molar mass, 102.089 g•mol−1
Appearance, Colorless liquid
Density, 1.205 g/cm3
Melting point, −48.8 °C (−55.8 °F; 224.3 K)
Boiling point, 242 °C (468 °F; 515 K)
Solubility in water, Very soluble (240 g/L at 20°C)
Refractive index (nD), 1.4189
Structure,
Dipole moment, 4.9 D
Molecular Weight
102.09 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3
-0.4
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
3
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
0
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
102.031694049 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
102.031694049 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
35.5Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
7
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
88.9
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Chemical name:, 1,2-Propylene carbonate
CAS Number:, 108-32-7
Synonyms:, Propylene Carbonate (USP);
Molecular form:, C4H6O3
Appearance:, NA
Mol. Weight:, 102.09
Storage:, 2-8°C Refrigerator
Shipping Conditions:, Ambient
Water, , , <0.1%, ,
Assay, , , >98%,
Optical Rotation, , , +2 to +3,
Appearance, , , Clear colourless liquid,
Identifcation, , , GC,

Propylene carbonate (PC) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C4H6O3.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a mild odor.
Propylene carbonate is a cyclic carbonate derived from propylene oxide.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is miscible with water and many organic solvents, making it a versatile solvent in various applications.

CAS Number: 108-32-7
EC Number: 203-572-1

1,2-Propanediol carbonate, 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, Carbonate de propylène, Carbonato de propileno, Carbonic acid propylene ester, Ethylene carbonate, 1-methylethylene oxide polymer, Ethylene carbonate, polymer with 1-methylethylene oxide, PC



APPLICATIONS


Propylene carbonate (PC) is commonly used as a solvent in various industries.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a solvent in the formulation of paints and coatings.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is utilized as a solvent in adhesives and sealants to improve viscosity and flow properties.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is employed in the electronics industry as a solvent for electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries.

Propylene carbonate (PC) acts as a co-solvent in electrolyte formulations to enhance battery performance and stability.
In the pharmaceutical industry, PC is used as a solvent for drug formulations and delivery systems.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is employed in the production of controlled-release formulations and drug delivery matrices.

Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a solvent for flavors and fragrances in the food and beverage industry.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is used in the production of food-grade additives and flavorings.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is utilized as a solvent in the extraction of natural compounds and essential oils.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a solvent in the formulation of personal care products such as cosmetics and skincare items.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is employed in the production of hair care products, including shampoos and conditioners.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is used as a solvent in the manufacturing of cleaning products such as degreasers and detergents.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a carrier solvent in the formulation of insecticides and agricultural chemicals.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is employed in the production of crop protection formulations and fertilizers.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is utilized as a solvent in gas chromatography for analytical separations.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a stationary phase solvent in gas chromatography columns.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is used as a solvent for specialty chemicals and industrial intermediates.

Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a reaction solvent in organic synthesis and polymerization reactions.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is employed in the production of plasticizers for polymer formulations.

Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a solvent in the formulation of polyurethane coatings and resins.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is utilized in the production of specialty paints and varnishes.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a solvent in the formulation of printing inks and dyes.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is employed in the production of lubricants and metalworking fluids.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a solvent and carrier fluid in hydraulic fluids and industrial lubricants.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is utilized as a solvent in the formulation of electrolytes for supercapacitors and energy storage devices.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a solvent for electrode materials and electrolyte additives in energy storage systems.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is employed in the production of specialty polymers and resins for advanced materials applications.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a solvent and plasticizer in the production of polymeric membranes for filtration and separation processes.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is utilized as a solvent in the formulation of specialty inks for printing applications, including screen printing and digital printing.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a carrier solvent in the formulation of herbicides, pesticides, and agricultural adjuvants.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is used as a solvent in the production of specialty chemicals and intermediates for pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.

Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a reaction solvent in chemical synthesis for the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is employed in the production of high-performance lubricants and greases for automotive and industrial applications.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a carrier solvent in the formulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and sequestration technologies.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is utilized as a solvent in the formulation of cleaning agents and degreasers for industrial and household use.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a solvent in the formulation of brake fluids and hydraulic fluids for automotive and aerospace applications.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is employed as a solvent in the production of specialty coatings and finishes for architectural and industrial applications.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a carrier solvent in the formulation of specialty gases for semiconductor manufacturing processes.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is utilized as a solvent in the production of specialty adhesives and sealants for automotive, aerospace, and construction applications.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a reaction solvent in the production of specialty polymers and copolymers for engineering plastics and elastomers.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is employed in the formulation of specialty cleaners and degreasers for electronics and precision equipment.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a solvent in the formulation of heat transfer fluids and coolants for automotive and industrial applications.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is utilized as a reaction solvent in the production of specialty surfactants and emulsifiers for personal care and household products.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a carrier solvent in the formulation of specialty inks and coatings for flexible packaging and printing applications.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is employed in the formulation of specialty solvents and diluents for industrial cleaning and degreasing applications.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a reaction solvent in the production of specialty resins and polymers for 3D printing and additive manufacturing.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is utilized as a solvent in the formulation of specialty paints and coatings for marine and protective applications.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a carrier solvent in the formulation of specialty gases and calibration standards for analytical instrumentation.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is employed in the formulation of specialty lubricants and corrosion inhibitors for marine and offshore applications.



DESCRIPTION


Propylene carbonate (PC) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C4H6O3.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a mild odor.
Propylene carbonate is a cyclic carbonate derived from propylene oxide.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is miscible with water and many organic solvents, making it a versatile solvent in various applications.

Propylene carbonate is used as a solvent in industries such as paints, coatings, adhesives, and electronics.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is valued for its high polarity, low toxicity, and ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar substances.
Additionally, propylene carbonate has high chemical stability and is resistant to hydrolysis and oxidation, making it suitable for use in formulations requiring long-term stability.

In addition to its use as a solvent, propylene carbonate finds applications as a reactive intermediate in organic synthesis, particularly in the production of cyclic carbonates and polycarbonates.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is also employed as a plasticizer in polymer formulations to improve flexibility and mechanical properties.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is a cyclic carbonate compound with the chemical formula C4H6O3.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is soluble in water and many organic solvents, such as ethanol and acetone.
This compound has a relatively high boiling point and low vapor pressure.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is non-flammable and has low volatility under normal conditions.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is stable under ambient temperatures and pressures.
The viscosity of PC is relatively high compared to other common solvents.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is commonly used as a polar solvent in various industrial applications.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is known for its ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar substances.
Propylene carbonate (PC) exhibits good solvency power for organic compounds, salts, and some metals.
Propylene carbonate (PC) has a relatively low toxicity and is considered safe for many applications.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is used as a solvent in paints, coatings, adhesives, and electronic applications.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is also employed as a reactive intermediate in organic synthesis.
Propylene carbonate (PC) participates in various chemical reactions, including esterifications and transesterifications.
Propylene carbonate (PC) serves as a plasticizer in polymer formulations to improve flexibility and mechanical properties.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is used in lithium-ion battery electrolytes as a solvent and co-solvent.
Propylene carbonate (PC) helps improve the conductivity and stability of battery electrolyte solutions.
In pharmaceuticals, PC is used as a solvent for drug formulations and as a carrier in drug delivery systems.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is also utilized in gas chromatography as a stationary phase solvent.
Propylene carbonate (PC) has excellent thermal stability, making it suitable for high-temperature applications.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is biodegradable and environmentally friendly, with low eco-toxicity.
Propylene carbonate (PC) is regulated and approved for use in various industries by regulatory authorities.

Propylene carbonate (PC) is produced through the reaction of propylene oxide with carbon dioxide under high pressure.
Propylene carbonate (PC) undergoes purification processes to remove impurities before commercial use.
Overall, Propylene carbonate (PC) is valued for its versatile properties and wide range of applications in industry and research.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C4H6O3
Molecular Weight: 102.09 g/mol
Physical State: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Faint, characteristic odor
Melting Point: −48.8 °C (−55.8 °F; 224.3 K)
Boiling Point: 240.0 °C (464.0 °F; 513.2 K)
Density: 1.20 g/cm³ (at 20 °C)
Solubility in Water: Miscible
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Miscible with many organic solvents, including ethanol, acetone, and benzene
Vapor Pressure: 0.1 mmHg (20 °C)
Viscosity: 2.7 cP (at 25 °C)
Flash Point: 132 °C (270 °F; 405 K) (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: 455 °C (851 °F; 728 K)
Refractive Index: 1.426 (at 20 °C)
Surface Tension: 42.7 mN/m (at 20 °C)
Dielectric Constant: 64 (at 20 °C)
pH: Neutral
Heat Capacity: 209 J/(mol·K) (at 25 °C)
Heat of Vaporization: 42.92 kJ/mol
Heat of Combustion: -2284 kJ/mol
Flash Point: 132 °C (270 °F)
Flammability: Non-flammable
Acidity (pKa): 13.2 (Dipolar aprotic solvent)
Hygroscopicity: Low



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is having difficulty breathing, administer oxygen if trained to do so.
If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration immediately.
Seek medical attention promptly, even if symptoms seem mild.
Keep the affected person calm and reassured while awaiting medical assistance.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash the affected area with soap and water thoroughly for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.
If skin irritation develops, apply a soothing cream or lotion to alleviate discomfort.
Rinse contaminated clothing and shoes thoroughly before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable after the initial flushing.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if there are no signs of discomfort or irritation.
Protect the unaffected eye from contamination while rinsing the affected eye.
Do not rub the eyes, as it may exacerbate irritation or injury.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water to remove any residual chemical.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.
Provide medical personnel with information about the ingested amount and time of exposure.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.


General Measures:

Move the affected person to a well-ventilated area and provide fresh air.
Keep the person warm and calm, reassuring them while administering first aid.
Monitor vital signs such as breathing, pulse, and consciousness level.
Do not leave the affected person unattended, especially if they are experiencing symptoms.
If necessary, provide supportive measures such as oxygen therapy or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) according to trained personnel's instructions.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing, when handling Propylene carbonate (PC).
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask or respirator, if there is a risk of inhalation of airborne particles.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations of PC vapors.
Avoid generating aerosols or mists of PC by using handling techniques that minimize splashing or agitation.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid skin contact and inhalation of PC vapors or aerosols.
Use appropriate handling procedures, such as pouring or decanting, to minimize spillage and exposure.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling PC, and wash hands thoroughly after handling to prevent accidental ingestion.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Clean up spills immediately to prevent accidental exposure and environmental contamination.
Use absorbent materials, such as vermiculite or sand, to contain and absorb spilled liquid.
Avoid direct contact with spilled material and use appropriate PPE during cleanup.
Dispose of contaminated materials according to local regulations and guidelines.


Storage:

a. Container Selection:
Store Propylene carbonate (PC) in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass.
Ensure containers are labeled with the appropriate hazard warnings and handling instructions.

b. Temperature and Humidity:
Store PC in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Avoid exposure to high temperatures or humidity, as it may affect the stability and quality of the product.

c. Compatibility:
Keep PC away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.
Store away from sources of ignition or heat to prevent the risk of fire or spontaneous combustion.

d. Segregation:
Segregate PC from food, beverages, and animal feed to prevent contamination.
Store away from sources of contamination, such as pesticides, fertilizers, or other chemicals.

PROPYLENE GLYCOL Propylene glycol Propylene glycol (IUPAC name: propane-1,2-diol) is a viscous, colorless liquid, which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste. Its chemical formula is CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. Containing two alcohol groups, it is classed as a diol. It is miscible with a broad range of solvents, including water, acetone, and chloroform. In general, glycols are non-irritating and have very low volatility.[4] It is produced on a large scale primarily for the production of polymers. In the European Union, it has E-number E1520 for food applications. For cosmetics and pharmacology, the number is E490. Propylene glycol is also present in propylene glycol alginate, which is known as E405. Propylene glycol is a compound which is GRAS (generally recognized as safe) by the US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) under 21 CFR x184.1666, and is also approved by the FDA for certain uses as an indirect food additive. Propylene glycol is approved and used as a vehicle for topical, oral, and some intravenous pharmaceutical preparations in the U.S. and in Europe. Structure The compound is sometimes called (alpha) α-propylene glycol to distinguish it from the isomer propane-1,3-diol, known as (beta) β-propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is chiral. Commercial processes typically use the racemate. The S-isomer is produced by biotechnological routes. Production Industrial Industrially, propylene glycol is mainly produced from propylene oxide (for food-grade use). According to a 2018 source, 2.16 M tonnes are produced annually.[4] Manufacturers use either non-catalytic high-temperature process at 200 °C (392 °F) to 220 °C (428 °F), or a catalytic method, which proceeds at 150 °C (302 °F) to 180 °C (356 °F) in the presence of ion exchange resin or a small amount of sulfuric acid or alkali.[5] 1,2-Propandiol Synthesis V1.svg Final products contain 20% propylene glycol, 1.5% of dipropylene glycol, and small amounts of other polypropylene glycols.[6] Further purification produces finished industrial grade or USP/JP/EP/BP grade propylene glycol that is typically 99.5% or greater. Use of USP (US Pharmacopoeia) propylene glycol can reduce the risk of Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) rejection.[7] Propylene glycol can also be obtained from glycerol, a byproduct from the production of biodiesel.[4] This starting material is usually reserved for industrial use because of the noticeable odor and taste that accompanies the final product. Laboratory S-Propanediol is synthesized from via fermentation methods. Lactic acid and lactaldehyde are common intermediates. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, one of the two products of breakdown (glycolysis) of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, is a precursor to methylglyoxal. This conversion is the basis of a potential biotechnological route to the commodity chemical 1,2-propanediol. Three-carbon deoxysugars are also precursor to the 1,2-diol.[4] A small-scale, nonbiological route from D-mannitol is illustrated in the following scheme:[8] (s)-Propanediol from D-Mannitol.png Applications Polymers Forty-five percent of propylene glycol produced is used as a chemical feedstock for the production of unsaturated polyester resins. In this regard, propylene glycol reacts with a mixture of unsaturated maleic anhydride and isophthalic acid to give a copolymer. This partially unsaturated polymer undergoes further crosslinking to yield thermoset plastics. Related to this application, propylene glycol reacts with propylene oxide to give oligomers and polymers that are used to produce polyurethanes.[4] Propylene glycol is used in waterbased acrylic architectural paints to extend dry time which it accomplishes by preventing the surface from drying due to its slower evaporation rate compared to water. Food Propylene glycol is also used in various edible items such as coffee-based drinks, liquid sweeteners, ice cream, whipped dairy products and soda.[9][10] Vaporizers used for delivery of pharmaceuticals or personal-care products often include propylene glycol among the ingredients.[4] In alcohol-based hand sanitizers, it is used as a humectant to prevent the skin from drying.[11] Propylene glycol is used as a solvent in many pharmaceuticals, including oral, injectable, and topical formulations. Many pharmaceutical drugs which are insoluble in water utilize Propylène Glycol as a solvent and carrier; benzodiazepine tablets are one example.[12] PG is also used as a solvent and carrier for many pharmaceutical capsule preparations. Additionally, certain formulations of artificial tears use proplyene glycol as an ingredient.[13] Propylene glycol is commonly used to de-ice aircraft Antifreeze The freezing point of water is depressed when mixed with propylene glycol. It is used as aircraft de-icing fluid.[4][14] Water-propylene glycol mixtures dyed pink to indicate the mixture is relatively nontoxic are sold under the name of RV or marine antifreeze. Propylene glycol is frequently used as a substitute for ethylene glycol in low toxicity, environmentally friendly automotive antifreeze. It is also used to winterize the plumbing systems in vacant structures.[15] The eutectic composition/temperature is 60:40 propylene glycol:water/-60 °C.[16][17] The −50 °F/−45 °C commercial product is, however, water rich; a typical formulation is 40:60.[18] Electronic cigarettes liquid Propylene glycol is often used in electronic cigarettes. Along with vegetable glycerin as the main ingredient (<1–92%) in e-liquid used in electronic cigarettes, where it is aerosolized to resemble smoke. It serves as both the carrier for substances like nicotine and cannabinoids, as well as for creating a vapor which resembles smoke.[19] Miscellaneous applications A bottle of flavored e-liquid for vaping shows propylene glycol as one of the main ingredients along with vegetable glycerin. Propylene glycol (often abbreviated 'PG') has many applications. Some common applications see PG used: As a solvent for many substances, both natural and synthetic.[20] As a humectant (E1520). As a freezing point depressant for slurry ice. In veterinary medicine as an oral treatment for hyperketonaemia in ruminants.[21] In the cosmetics industry, where PG is very commonly used as a carrier or base for various types of makeup.[22] For trapping and preserving insects (including as a DNA preservative).[23] For the creation of theatrical smoke and fog in special effects for film and live entertainment. So-called 'smoke machines' or 'hazers' vaporize a mixture of PG and water to create the illusion of smoke. While many of these machines use a PG-based fuel, some use oil. Those which use PG do so in a process that is identical to how electronic cigarettes work; utilizing a heating element to produce a dense vapor. The vapor produced by these machines has the aesthetic look and appeal of smoke, but without exposing performers and stage crew to the harms and odors associated with actual smoke.[24][25] As an additive in PCR to reduce the melting temperature of nucleic acids for targeting of GC rich sequences. Safety in humans When used in average quantities, propylene glycol has no measurable effect on development and/or reproduction on animals and probably does not adversely affect human development or reproduction.[26] The safety of electronic cigarettes—which utilize PG-based preparations of nicotine or THC and other cannabinoids—is the subject of much controversy.[27][28][29] Oral administration The acute oral toxicity of propylene glycol is very low, and large quantities are required to cause perceptible health effects in humans; in fact, propylene glycol is three times less toxic than ethanol.[30] Propylene glycol is metabolized in the human body into pyruvic acid (a normal part of the glucose-metabolism process, readily converted to energy), acetic acid (handled by ethanol-metabolism), lactic acid (a normal acid generally abundant during digestion),[31] and propionaldehyde (a potentially hazardous substance).[32][33][34] According to the Dow Chemical Company, The LD50 (Lethal Dose that kills in 50% of tests) for rats is 20 g/kg (rat/oral).[35][36] Toxicity generally occurs at plasma concentrations over 4 g/L, which requires extremely high intake over a relatively short period of time, or when used as a vehicle for drugs or vitamins given intravenously or orally in large bolus doses.[37] It would be nearly impossible to reach toxic levels by consuming foods or supplements, which contain at most 1 g/kg of PG, except for alcoholic beverages in the US which are allowed 5 percent = 50g/kg.[38] Cases of propylene glycol poisoning are usually related to either inappropriate intravenous administration or accidental ingestion of large quantities by children.[39] The potential for long-term oral toxicity is also low. In an NTP continuous breeding study, no effects on fertility were observed in male or female mice that received propylene glycol in drinking water at doses up to 10,100 mg/kg bw/day. No effects on fertility were seen in either the first or second generation of treated mice.[26] In a 2-year study, 12 rats were provided with feed containing as much as 5% propylene glycol, and showed no apparent ill effects.[40] Because of its low chronic oral toxicity, propylene glycol was classified by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) for use as a direct food additive, including frozen foods such as ice cream and frozen desserts.[38][41] The GRAS designation is specific to its use in food, and does not apply to other uses.[42] Skin, eye and inhalation contact Propylene glycol is essentially non-irritating to the skin.[43] Undiluted propylene glycol is minimally irritating to the eye, producing slight transient conjunctivitis; the eye recovers after the exposure is removed. A 2018 human volunteer study found that 10 male and female subjects undergoing 4 hours exposures to concentrations of up to 442 mg/m3 and 30 minutes exposures to concentrations of up to 871 mg/m3 in combination with moderate exercise did not show pulmonary function deficits, or signs of ocular irritation, with only slight symptoms of respiratory irritation reported.[44] Inhalation of propylene glycol vapors appears to present no significant hazard in ordinary applications.[45] Due to the lack of chronic inhalation data, it is recommended that propylene glycol not be used in inhalation applications such as theatrical productions, or antifreeze solutions for emergency eye wash stations.[46] Recently, propylene glycol (commonly alongside glycerol) has been included as a carrier for nicotine and other additives in e-cigarette liquids, the use of which presents a novel form of exposure. The potential hazards of chronic inhalation of propylene glycol or the latter substance as a whole are as-yet unknown.[47] According to a 2010 study, the concentrations of PGEs (counted as the sum of propylene glycol and glycol ethers) in indoor air, particularly bedroom air, has been linked to increased risk of developing numerous respiratory and immune disorders in children, including asthma, hay fever, eczema, and allergies, with increased risk ranging from 50% to 180%. This concentration has been linked to use of water-based paints and water-based system cleansers. However, the study authors write that glycol ethers and not propylene glycol are the likely culprit.[48][49][50] Propylene glycol has not caused sensitization or carcinogenicity in laboratory animal studies, nor has it demonstrated genotoxic potential.[51][52] Intravenous administration Studies with intravenously administered propylene glycol have resulted in LD50 values in rats and rabbits of 7 mL/kg BW.[53] Ruddick (1972) also summarized intramuscular LD50 data for rat as 13-20 mL/kg BW, and 6 mL/kg BW for the rabbit. Adverse effects to intravenous administration of drugs that use propylene glycol as an excipient have been seen in a number of people, particularly with large bolus dosages. Responses may include CNS depression, "hypotension, bradycardia, QRS and T abnormalities on the ECG, arrhythmia, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, agitation, serum hyperosmolality, lactic acidosis, and haemolysis".[54] A high percentage (12% to 42%) of directly-injected propylene glycol is eliminated or secreted in urine unaltered depending on dosage, with the remainder appearing in its glucuronide-form. The speed of renal filtration decreases as dosage increases,[55] which may be due to propylene glycol's mild anesthetic / CNS-depressant -properties as an alcohol.[56] In one case, intravenous administration of propylene glycol-suspended nitroglycerin to an elderly man may have induced coma and acidosis.[57] However, no confirmed lethality from propylene glycol was reported. Animals Propylene glycol is an approved food additive for dog and sugar glider food under the category of animal feed and is generally recognized as safe for dogs,[58] with an LD50 of 9 mL/kg. The LD50 is higher for most laboratory animals (20 mL/kg).[59] However, it is prohibited for use in food for cats due to links to Heinz body formation and a reduced lifespan of red blood cells.[60] Heinz body formation from Propilen Glikol has not been observed in dogs, cattle, or humans. Allergic reaction Estimates on the prevalence of propylene glycol allergy range from 0.8% (10% propylene glycol in aqueous solution) to 3.5% (30% propylene glycol in aqueous solution).[61][62][63] The North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) data from 1996 to 2006 showed that the most common site for propylene glycol contact dermatitis was the face (25.9%), followed by a generalized or scattered pattern (23.7%).[61] Investigators believe that the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis to propylene glycol may be greater than 2% in patients with eczema or fungal infections, which are very common in countries with lesser sun exposure and lower-than-normal vitamin D balances. Therefore, propylene glycol allergy is more common in those countries.[64] Because of its potential for allergic reactions and frequent use across a variety of topical and systemic products, propylene glycol was named the American Contact Dermatitis Society's Allergen of the Year for 2018.[65][66] Recent publication from The Mayo Clinic reported 0.85% incidence of positive patch tests to propylene glycol (100/11,738 patients) with an overall irritant rate of 0.35% (41/11,738 patients) during a 20-year period of 1997–2016.[67] 87% of the reactions were classified as weak and 9% as strong. The positive reaction rates were 0%, 0.26%, and 1.86% for 5%, 10%, and 20% propylene glycol respectively, increasing with each concentration increase. The irritant reaction rates were 0.95%, 0.24%, and 0.5% for 5%, 10%, and 20% propylene glycol, respectively. Propylene glycol skin sensitization occurred in patients sensitive to a number of other concomitant positive allergens, most common of which were: Myroxylon pereirae resin, benzalkonium chloride, carba mix, potassium dichromate, neomycin sulfate; for positive propylene glycol reactions, the overall median of 5 and mean of 5.6 concomitant positive allergens was reported. Environmental Propylene glycol occurs naturally, probably as the result of anaerobic catabolism of sugars in the human gut. It is degraded by vitamin B12-dependent enzymes, which convert it to propionaldehyde.[68] Propylene glycol is expected to degrade rapidly in water from biological processes, but is not expected to be significantly influenced by hydrolysis, oxidation, volatilization, bioconcentration, or adsorption to sediment.[69] Propylene glycol is readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions in freshwater, in seawater and in soil. Therefore, propylene glycol is considered as not persistent in the environment. Propylene glycol exhibits a low degree of toxicity toward aquatic organisms. Several guideline studies available for freshwater fish with the lowest observed effect concentration of 96-h LC50 value of 40,613 mg/l in a study with Oncorhynchus mykiss. Similarly, the effect concentration determined in marine fish is a 96-h LC50 of >10,000 mg/l in Scophthalmus maximus. Propylene Glycol in Food: Is This Additive Safe? Propylene glycol is a substance commonly used as a food additive or ingredient in many cosmetic and hygiene products. The US and European food authorities have declared it as generally safe for use in foods. However, it has become controversial since it is also an ingredient in antifreeze. This had led to health concerns about possible toxic effects from eating foods that contain it. This article investigates what propylene glycol is, why it is used and whether it is dangerous to your health. What Is Propylene Glycol? Propylene glycol is a synthetic food additive that belongs to the same chemical group as alcohol. It is a colorless, odorless, slightly syrupy liquid that is a bit thicker than water. It has practically no taste (1Trusted Source). Additionally, it can dissolve some substances better than water and is also good at retaining moisture. This makes it very useful as a food additive, so it can be found in a wide variety of processed foods and drinks (2). Other names it is known by include (2): 1,2-propanediol 1,2-dihydroxypropane Methyl ethyl glycol Trimethyl glycol Propylene glycol is sometimes confused with ethylene glycol, as both have been used in antifreeze due to their low melting points. However, these are not the same substance. Ethylene glycol is highly toxic to humans and is not used in food products. SUMMARY Propylene glycol is a synthetic, colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that belongs to the same chemical class as alcohol. It should not be confused with the toxic substance ethylene glycol. Where and How Is It Used? Propylene glycol is commonly used as an additive to aid in the processing of foods and improve their texture, flavor, appearance and shelf life. In foods, propylene glycol may be used in the following ways (3, 4, 5): Anti-caking agent: It helps prevent food components from sticking to one another and forming clumps, such as in dried soups or grated cheese. Antioxidant: It extends the shelf life of foods by protecting them against deterioration caused by oxygen. Carrier: It dissolves other food additives or nutrients to be used in processing, such as colors, flavors or antioxidants. Dough strengthener: It modifies the starches and gluten in dough to make it more stable. Emulsifier: It prevents food ingredients from separating, such as oil and vinegar in salad dressing. Moisture preserver: It helps foods maintain a stable level of moisture and stops them from drying out. Examples include marshmallows, coconut flakes and nuts. Processing aid: It is used to enhance the appeal or the use of a food, for example, to make a liquid clearer. Stabilizer and thickener: It can be used to hold food components together or thicken them during and after processing. Texturizer: It can change the appearance or mouthfeel of a food. Propylene glycol is commonly found in many packaged foods, such as drink mixes, dressings, dried soups, cake mix, soft drinks, popcorn, food coloring, fast foods, bread and dairy products (6Trusted Source). It is also used in injectable medications, like lorazepam, and in some creams and ointments that are applied to the skin, such as corticosteroids (2, 7Trusted Source). Due to its chemical properties, it is also found in a wide variety of hygiene and cosmetic products. Additionally, it is used in industrial products like paint, antifreeze, artificial smoke and e-cigarettes (2, 6Trusted Source). SUMMARY Propylene glycol is commonly used as a food additive. It helps preserve moisture as well as dissolve colors and flavors. It is also used in some medications, cosmetic products, antifreeze and other industrial products. Is Propylene Glycol in Food Dangerous? Propylene glycol is “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (8). In the US, it can be used as a direct and indirect food additive. In Europe, it is only allowed to be used in food as a solvent for colors, emulsifiers, antioxidants and enzymes, with up to 0.45 grams per pound (1 gram/kg) allowed in the final food product (9Trusted Source). The World Health Organization recommends a maximum intake of 11.4 mg of propylene glycol per pound of body weight (25 mg/kg) per day. The estimated exposure to propylene glycol through foods in the US is 15 mg per pound (34 mg/kg) per day (9Trusted Source). In comparison, one person who developed symptoms of toxicity was receiving 213 grams of propylene glycol per day. For a 120-pound (60-kg) adult, that is over 100 times what is found in the average diet (9Trusted Source). There is only one documented case of toxicity caused by food. A man drank very large amounts of cinnamon whiskey containing propylene glycol and was found unconscious. While his symptoms were also due to the alcohol, some could be attributed to the propylene glycol (10Trusted Source). Overall, apart from people with allergies and one case of excessive consumption, there have been no other reported cases of negative or toxic effects of propylene glycol in foods. However, as current intakes are estimated to be above the recommended level, it may be wise to reduce dietary sources where you can, especially as the primary sources are highly processed foods. SUMMARY Propylene glycol is considered generally safe by US and European authorities. There is only one documented case of toxicity caused by excessive alcohol intake. It is recommended to limit intake to 11.4 mg per pound (25 mg/kg) of body weight per day. Health Effects of Propylene Glycol There is a lot of conflicting information about the dangers of propylene glycol. Some websites state it is safe, while others claim it causes heart attacks, kidney and liver failure and brain problems. How Toxic Is Propylene Glycol? The toxicity of propylene glycol is very low. It has not been found to cause cancer, damage genes or interfere with fertility or reproduction. Moreover, there are no reported deaths on record (1Trusted Source, 9Trusted Source). In rats, the median lethal dose is 9 grams per pound (20 g/kg). Compare this to sugar, which has a lethal dose of 13.5 grams per pound (29.7 g/kg), or salt, which is just 1.4 grams per pound (3 g/kg) in rats (11, 12, 13). After ingesting a food containing propylene glycol, about 45% of it will be excreted by the kidneys unchanged. The rest is broken down in the body into lactic acid (1Trusted Source, 14). When consumed in toxic quantities, the buildup of lactic acid can lead to acidosis and kidney failure. Acidosis occurs when the body cannot get rid of the acid fast enough. It begins to build up in the blood, which interferes with proper functioning (10Trusted Source). The main sign of toxicity is central nervous system depression. Symptoms include a slower rate of breathing, decreased heart rate and loss of consciousness (14). Cases of poisoning may be treated with hemodialysis to remove the substance from the blood or by removing the drug or substance that contains propylene glycol (15Trusted Source). However, toxicity is very rare. Most cases resulted from the use of very high doses of medication containing propylene glycol or unusual circumstances, such as one man who was ill and drank the contents of an ice pack (16Trusted Source, 17Trusted Source). SUMMARY Propylene glycol has very low toxicity. Poisoning rarely occurs, and it is typically due to high doses of medications that contain it. Dangers for People With Kidney or Liver Disease In adults with normal liver and kidney function, propylene glycol is broken down and removed from the blood fairly quickly. On the other hand, in people with kidney disease or liver disease, this process may not be as efficient. This can lead to a buildup of propylene glycol and lactic acid in the bloodstream, causing symptoms of toxicity (9Trusted Source, 15Trusted Source). Additionally, because there is no maximum dose limit for propylene glycol used in drugs, it is possible to receive very high doses in some circumstances (9Trusted Source). One woman with kidney damage was treated for short breath and throat swelling with lorazepam. She received 40 times the recommended level of propylene glycol over 72 hours, resulting in acidosis and other symptoms of toxicity (18Trusted Source). Critically ill patients often have impaired kidney or liver function and may also have an increased risk from prolonged or high-dose drug treatments. For example, in one study, 19% of critical patients being treated with the drug lorazepam were observed to have signs of propylene glycol toxicity (19Trusted Source). For people with kidney and liver disease, drug alternatives without propylene glycol may be used if needed. There is no evidence that dietary amounts are cause for concern. SUMMARY People with kidney or liver damage are not able to clear propylene glycol or lactic acid from the blood as effectively as healthy people. When receiving very high doses of it in medications, they have an increased risk of developing toxicity. Dangers for Infants and Pregnant Women Pregnant women, children and infants under four years of age have lower levels of an enzyme known as alcohol dehydrogenase. This enzyme is essential for the breakdown of propylene glycol Therefore, these groups may be at risk of developing toxicity if they are exposed to large amounts through medication. Infants are at particular risk. They take up to three times as long to remove propylene glycol from their bodies and may be particularly sensitive to the effects on the central nervous system (9Trusted Source, 20Trusted Source, 21Trusted Source). There are case reports of premature infants injected with large doses of vitamins containing propylene glycol that resulted in seizures (22Trusted Source, 23Trusted Source). However, another study demonstrated that doses of up to 15.4 mg per pound (34 mg/kg) of propylene glycol over 24 hours were tolerated by young babies (24Trusted Source). While these populations may be at increased risk of toxicity in the case of very high exposure from medication, there is no research indicating any harm from the amounts found in the diet. SUMMARY Young children and infants are not able to process propylene glycol as effectively as adults. Therefore, they are at risk of it building up in their bodies and developing symptoms of toxicity when exposed to high doses in medications. Risk of Heart Attack Some websites claim that propylene glycol increases the risk of heart disease and heart attacks. It is true that when propylene glycol is injected in high amounts or too quickly, a drop in blood pressure and heart rhythm problems can occur (20Trusted Source). Animal studies also demonstrate that very high doses of propylene glycol can rapidly decrease heart rate, cause low blood pressure and even cause the heart to stop (25Trusted Source, 26Trusted Source). In one report, an 8-month-old child suffered loss of heart function and subsequent brain damage after being treated with silver sulfadiazine cream that contained propylene glycol. The cream was used for treating burns that covered 78% of his body (27Trusted Source). In this case, the child received 4.1 grams per pound (9 g/kg) of propylene glycol, which is a very high dose. In another case, a 15-month-old child was given oral doses of vitamin C dissolved in propylene glycol. He developed symptoms of toxicity, including non-responsiveness and irregular heart rhythms, but recovered after the vitamin solution was stopped (28Trusted Source). While these reports may be concerning, it is important to note that in both these cases, toxicity occurred due to a high dosage of medication in a vulnerable age group. The most common skin reaction, or dermatitis, is the development of a rash on the face or in a generalized scattered pattern over the body (32Trusted Source). Systemic dermatitis has been reported after eating foods and taking medications and intravenous drugs that contain propylene glycol (33Trusted Source, 34Trusted Source, 35). One study of 38 sensitive people given propylene glycol by mouth found that 15 of them developed a rash within 3 to 16 hours (31Trusted Source). In addition, propylene glycol can cause irritant contact dermatitis. In this case, a rash may develop in sensitive people when their skin comes into contact with products that contain it, such as shampoo or moisturizer (6Trusted Source). People who already have skin conditions or sensitive skin are at particular risk of contact allergy to this additive (6Trusted Source). For people with allergic dermatitis, it is best to avoid all sources of propylene glycol. For contact dermatitis, avoid products containing it that come into contact with the skin. SUMMARY Between 0.8 and 3.5% of people are allergic to propylene glycol. Common symptoms include a rash on the face or body. How Can You Avoid It? While propylene glycol is generally considered safe, you may still choose to avoid it if you are allergic or you simply want to reduce your intake. It is found in many different food products and can be identified by checking the ingredients list. The names it may be listed under include: Propylene glycol Propylene glycol mono and diester E1520 or 1520 Common foods include soft drinks, marinades and dressings, cake mix, frosting, popcorn, food coloring, fast foods, bread and dairy products (6Trusted Source, 35). Unfortunately, if propylene glycol is used as a carrier or solvent for another additive, such as flavor or color instead of a direct ingredient, it may not be listed on the food label (36). However, the majority of foods containing it are highly processed junk foods. By consuming a fresh, healthy, whole foods diet, you can avoid most sources without too much trouble. You can also check the labels of cosmetic products, though avoiding it may be difficult. There are several helpful websites that can help you identify which products contain it. If you have an allergy to propylene glycol, it is important to let your doctor or pharmacist know about it before taking certain medications. An alternative can usually be found. SUMMARY To avoid propylene glycol in foods, read labels and look for it as an ingredient or as the additive number E1520. Use online sources to help identify hygiene products that contain it. For medications, ask your doctor or pharmacist. The Bottom Line Propylene glycol is a useful chemical found in a wide variety of products across the food, drug, cosmetic and manufacturing industries. While there are cases of toxicity from very high doses of medication, it is overall considered a very low-toxicity substance. A small percentage of people are allergic to propylene glycol and may need to avoid products containing it. Yet for most people, the amounts regularly found in food products are considered safe. Keep in mind that most of the foods containing propylene glycol are highly processed junk foods. A fresh, whole foods diet will naturally contain lower amounts of this additive. Propylene glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water. Propylene glycol is also used to make polyester compounds, and as a base for deicing solutions. Propylene glycol is used by the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries as an antifreeze when leakage might lead to contact with food. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified propylene glycol as an additive that is “generally recognized as safe” for use in food. It is used to absorb extra water and maintain moisture in certain medicines, cosmetics, or food products. It is a solvent for food colors and flavors, and in the paint and plastics industries. Propylene glycol is also used to create artificial smoke or fog used in fire-fighting training and in theatrical productions. Other names for propylene glycol are 1,2-dihydroxypropane, 1,2-propanediol, methyl glycol, and trimethyl glycol. Propylene glycol is clear, colorless, slightly syrupy liquid at room temperature. It may exist in air in the vapor form, although propylene glycol must be heated or briskly shaken to produce a vapor. Propylene glycol is practically odorless and tasteless.

PROPYLENE GLYCOL CITRATE, N° CAS : 85252-24-0, Nom INCI : PROPYLENE GLYCOL CITRATE. Nom chimique : Citric acid, monoester with propylene glycol.N° EINECS/ELINCS : 286-541-5. Classification : Glycol. Ses fonctions (INCI). Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau

PROPYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE, N° CAS : 19224-26-1, Nom INCI : PROPYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE, Nom chimique : 1,2-Propanediol, dibenzoate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 242-894-7, Classification : Glycol, Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Propane-1,2-diyl dibenzoate; 1,2-Propanediol, 1,2-dibenzoate; 1,2-propan-diyl dibenzoate ; 1,2-PROPANEDIOL, DIBENZOATE; 2-(benzoyloxy)propyl benzoate

PROPYLENE GLYCOL DICAPRYLATE/DICAPRATE;Fatty acids, C8-10, propylene esters cas no: 58748-27-9

Chem/IUPAC Name: Decanoic acid, mixed diesters with octanoic acid and propylene glycol, N° CAS : 68583-51-7 / 58748-27-9 / 68988-72-7, synonyme : PGDI, Inci : Propyleneglycol dicaprylate / dicaprate, Cas : 68583-51-7, EC : 271-516-3, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau

PROPYLENE GLYCOL DICAPRYLATE/DICAPRATE propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate Rating: GOOD Categories: Uncategorized Gel-textured ingredient used in many lightweight moisturizers. It’s a mix of propylene glycol and capric acid, a fatty acid derived from plants. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is classified as : Emollient CAS Number of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 68583-51-7 / 58748-27-9 / 68988-72-7 EINECS/ELINCS No of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 271-516-3 COSING REF No of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 78795 Chem/IUPAC Name of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: Decanoic acid, mixed diesters with octanoic acid and propylene glycol Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate What Is Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate? Propylene Glycol Isostearate, Propylene Glycol Laurate, Propylene Glycol Myristate, Propylene Glycol Oleate and Propylene Glycol Oleate SE are monoesters of propylene glycol and fatty acids. SE indicates that it is a self-emulsifying form that contains some sodium and/or potassium oleate. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Dicocoate, Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate, Propylene Glycol Oleate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Diisostearate and Propylene Glycol Dilaurate are diesters of proplyene glycol and fatty acids. The use of the "/" in the name indicates that the ingredient is a mixture of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate and Propylene Glycol Dicaprate. In cosmetics and personal care products, Propylene Glycol monoesters and diesters are used in the formulation of moisturizers, cleansing products, fragrance products, and makeup products such as foundations and lipsticks. Why is Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate used in cosmetics and personal care products? The following functions have been reported for these ingredients. Skin conditioning agent - emollient - Propylene Glycol Oleate, Propylene Glycol Isostearate, Propylene Glycol Laurate, Propylene Glycol Myristate Skin conditioning agent - occlusive - Propylene Glycol Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Dicocoate, Propylene Glycol Diisostearate, Propylene Glycol Dilaurate, Propylene Glycol Dioleate, Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate Surfactant - emulsifying agent - Propylene Glycol Oleate, Propylene Glycol Oleate SE, Propylene Glycol Isostearate, Propylene Glycol Laurate, Propylene Glycol Myristate Viscosity increasing agent - nonaqueous - Propylene Glycol Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate, Propylene Glycol Dicocoate, Propylene Glycol Diisostearate, Propylene Glycol Dilaurate, Propylene Glycol Dioleate, Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate Scientific Facts: Propylene glycol monoesters and diesters are typically produced from the reaction of propylene glycol with the corresponding fatty acid. For example, Propylene Glycol Oleate is produced via the reaction of propylene glycol with oleic acid. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate * A skin-conditioning agent Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is derived from Propylene Glycol, and is a diester of proplyene glycol and fatty acids; it is a mixture of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate and Propylene Glycol Dicaprate (CosmeticsInfo.org). However, this compound differs greatly from Propylene Glycol, and is strictly a skin conditioning agent that utilizes its fatty acid components to maintain and improve lubrication and skin cell resilience, combining with proteins to promote healthy skin, according to research. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is used in skin care and beauty products as an ingredient in moisturizers, cleansing products, fragrance products, and makeup products such as foundations and lipsticks. * A skin-conditioning agent Functions of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is derived from Propylene Glycol, and is a diester of proplyene glycol and fatty acids; it is a mixture of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate and Propylene Glycol Dicaprate (CosmeticsInfo.org). However, this compound differs greatly from Propylene Glycol, and is strictly a skin conditioning agent that utilizes its fatty acid components to maintain and improve lubrication and skin cell resilience, combining with proteins to promote healthy skin, according to research. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is used in skin care and beauty products as an ingredient in moisturizers, cleansing products, fragrance products, and makeup products such as foundations and lipsticks. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is FDA approved as a direct food additive, and CIR approved as well. Safety Measures/Side Effects of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: According to the Cosmetics Database, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is a moderate hazard ingredient. Skin irritation studies reviewed by the CIR Expert Panel found that Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate caused minimal to no irritation, and negative comedogenicity results. "Data on the fatty acids and propylene glycol were negative for mutagenicity, chronic toxicity, and skin irritation and sensitizaiton" However, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is considered a penetration enhancer and may enhance the skin penetration of other chemicals. Users should exercise caution when using products and formulas that contain this ingredient when combined with other ingredients for which limits have been set based on low dermal absorption. The Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate family of ingredients includes several esters and diesters of Propylene Glycol and fatty acids. These ingredients are used in cosmetic formulations as skin conditioning agents, viscosity increasing agents, and surfactants. Two skin irritation studies (minimal to no irritation) and a comedogenicity study (insignificant comedogen) on Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate and a skin irritation study (slight) and an acute oral toxicity study (nontoxic) on Propylene Glycol Laurate were available. Available data were also found indicating that Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate and Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate may enhance the skin penetration of other chemicals. Because of the ability of these Polyethylene Glycol esters and diesters to enhance penetration of other agents, it was recommended that care be taken in using these and other Polyethylene Glycol esters and diesters in cosmetic products. Previous Cosmetic Ingredient Review safety assessments of related ingredients, including Polyethylene Glycol, Polyethylene Glycol Stearate, Coconut Oils and Acids, Isostearic Acid, Lauric Acid, Myristic Acid, Oleic Acid, and Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, were summarized. Included were mutagenicity, chronic toxicity, and skin irritation and sensitization data. Based in part on the limited data available on the ingredients included in the report, but more so on the previous reviews of chemically similar moieties, it was concluded that Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Dicocoate, Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate, Propylene Glycol Isostearate, Propylene Glycol Laurate, Propylene Glycol Myristate, Propylene Glycol Oleate, Propylene Glycol Oleate SE, Propylene Glycol Dioleate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Diisostearate, and Propylene Glycol Dilaurate are safe. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate (CAS Nos. 58748- 27-9 ; 9062-04-8; and 68988-72-7) is a mixture of the propylene glycol diesters of caprylic and capric acids The structures of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate and Propylene Glycol Dicaprate appear on the preceding page. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is also defined as the propylene glycol diester of short chain, predominantly naturally derived C8-Clo fatty acids . It is soluble in alcohol containing up to 20% water and its viscosity is usually low . Other names for this mixture include: Decanoic Acid, 1-Methyl-1,2-Ethanediyl Ester mixed with 1-Methyl-1,2-Ethanediyl Dioctanoate; Decanoic Acid, Mixed Diesters with Octanoic Acid and Propylene Glycol ; Caprylic, Capric Acid, Propylene Glycol Diester; Propylene Glycol Dicaprate-Caprate; and Propylene Glycol, Caprylate Caprate Dieste Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate has also been defined as the propylene glycol diester of saturated vegetable acids (C8-ClO chain length) that contains 65 to 80% caprylic acid and 15 to 30% capric acid Details Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate is an emollient that leaves a light, non-oily smooth and velvet skin sensation. According to manufacturer info it's also great at dispersing and dissolving pigments and sunscreen actives. Most often you will meet this guy in light moisturizers, sunscreens or makeup products. Properties Related Categories Analytical Standards, Analytical/Chromatography, Pharmacopeia & Metrological Institutes Standards, USP Standards, USP Standards P - R Less... grade pharmaceutical primary standard mfr. no. USP Featured Industry Pharmaceutical (small molecule) InChI 1S/C10H20O2.C8H16O2.C3H8O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10(11)12;1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8(9)10;1-3(5)2-4/h2-9H2,1H3,(H,11,12);2-7H2,1H3,(H,9,10);3-5H,2H2,1H3 InChI key YZWQUQVFVLJWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Description General description This product is provided as delivered and specified by the issuing Pharmacopoeia. All information provided in support of this product, including SDS and any product information leaflets have been developed and issued under the Authority of the issuing Pharmacopoeia. For further information and support please go to the website of the issuing Pharmacopoeia. Analysis Note Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate are for test and assay use only. They are not meant for administration to humans or animals and cannot be used to diagnose, treat, or cure diseases of any kind. ​ Molecular Weight of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 328.5 g/mol XLogP3-AA of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 6.4 Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 0 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 4 Rotatable Bond Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 17 Exact Mass of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 328.26136 g/mol Monoisotopic Mass of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 328.26136 g/mol Topological Polar Surface Area of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 52.6 Ų Heavy Atom Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate:23 Formal Charge of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 0 Complexity of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 302 Isotope Atom Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 0 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 0 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 1 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 0 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 0 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate: 1 Compound of Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate Is Canonicalized : Yes

cas no 107-98-2 1-Methoxy-2-propanol; PGME; 1-Methoxypropan-2-ol; polypropylene glycol methyl ether; propylene glycol 1-methyl ether; PM; (+/-)-1-methoxy-2-propanol; 1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane; Methoxy Propanol; 2-Methoxy- 1 -Methyl Ethanol;

Propylene Glycol Isostearate is an ester of propylene glycol and isostearic acid.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a white to cream-colored soft waxy solid with a slightly fatty odor and taste.


CAS Number: 68171-38-0 / 63799-53-1
EC Number: 269-027-5
MDL Number: MFCD00152773
Chem/IUPAC Name: Isooctadecanoic acid, monoester with propane-1,2-diol
Molecular Formula: C21 H42 O3



1,2-Propandiol,Propylenglykol, ISOOCTADECANOIC ACID, MONOESTER WITH 1,2-PROPANEDIOL, MONOESTER WITH 1,2-PROPANEDIOL ISOOCTADECANOIC ACID, PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE, and PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOISOSTEARATE, CAS number: 68171-38-0 / 63799-53-1, Isooctadecanoic acid, monoester with propane-1,2-diol,



Propylene Glycol Isostearate is an ester of propylene glycol and isostearic acid.
Isostearic acid is a lightly chained liquid fatty acid obtained from natural sources like vegetable oils.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a synthetic compound formed from propylene glycol and stearic acid.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a white to cream-colored soft waxy solid with a slightly fatty odor and taste.
Stearic acid is a naturally occurring fatty acid found in animal and vegetable oils.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is an ester of propylene glycol and Isostearic Acid (q.v.).


Propylene Glycol Isostearate's HLB value is 3.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is suitable for hot processes and is ideally added to the oil phase, the recommended usage range is 0.5 - 4.0%.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is made from RSPO-certified, sustainable palm oil and has a Natural Origin Index (ISO 16128) of 0.83.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a mixture of propylene glycol and isostearic acid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is used as an emollient, humectant, emulsifier, and surfactant in cosmetic products.
As Propylene Glycol Isostearate is apparent both Propylene glycol and isostearic acid individually are very good in terms of skincare. PG can act as a humectant.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate draws water from water vapor present in the air and moisturizes the skin.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate can be used in all skin types, especially on normal and mild dry skin types.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate helps in retaining moisture in the skin. Isostearic acid is a fatty acid and it also acts as an emollient.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate fills up the gaps in between the top layer cells in the skin.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate makes skin appear smoother and tighter.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate forms a thin protective barrier on the surface of the skin and protects it from any allergen or bacteria which may compromise with skin’s health otherwise.


As a surfactant, Propylene Glycol Isostearate carries both a water-loving group PG and a fat-loving group- isostearate.
The oil/ fat-loving group attracts dirt, impurities and attaches them to the surfactant molecule whereas because of the water-loving part Propylene Glycol Isostearate can be carried away with water and becomes cleaner.


With the same principle, Propylene Glycol Isostearate also acts as an emulsifier and prevents separation of the components, and enables even distribution of the product components when used.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is used in formulations of creams, lotions, gels, shampoos, conditioners, sun care products, and other hair and skincare products.


In addition to its use in cosmetic products, Propylene Glycol Isostearate is also used in food processing like margarine.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate functions as a self-emulsifying agent in cosmetic products.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is designed for use in face/neck care, body care, colour cosmetics and cleansers.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate comes in pellet form and has a melting point of 41°C.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is used in cosmetic formulations.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate acts as an emollient (makes the skin smooth and supple).
Cosmetic Uses of Propylene Glycol Isostearate: skin conditioning and surfactants.



FUNCTIONS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SKIN CONDITIONING:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate maintains the skin in good condition

*SURFACTANT - CLEANSING:
Surface-active agent to clean skin, hair and / or teeth



FUNCTIONS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
*SKIN CONDITIONER:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate keeps the skin in good condition.

*SURFACTANT – CLEANSER:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate wets body surfaces, emulsifies or solubilizes oils and suspends dirt (generally, these ingredients contribute to the soap and foaming properties of cleaning products).



WHAT DOES PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Skin conditioning
*Surfactant



WHAT IS PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE USED FOR?
Here are its main functions:
*Attracts water:
Zeichner says at low concentrations, propylene glycol acts like a humectant, which means Propylene Glycol Isostearate binds water and pulls in hydration to the outer skin layer.
When used in cosmetic products, Propylene Glycol Isostearate helps give the skin a hydrated, dewy appearance.



FUNCTIONS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
*Skin care agent:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate maintains skin in good condition
*Surfactant:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the uniform distribution of the product during use



FUNCTIONAL GROUP OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
*Base ingredients
*Active ingredients
*Preservatives
*UV filters
*Dyes
*Fragrances



FEATURES OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
W/O emulsifier, an ingredient enabling the creation of an emulsion.
An emulsion is a physicochemical form that is created by dispersing and mixing the water phase and the oil phase.
Examples of cosmetic emulsions are creams, milks and balms.

Propylene Glycol Isostearate acts as a rheology modifier (i.e. improves consistency by increasing viscosity) in washing preparations containing anionic surfactants.
This is possible by creating the so-called mixed micelles.
An opacifying agent that gives a cloudy or opalescent, pearly appearance to transparent cleaning products.



COSMETIC EFFECT OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
*Emollient:
When used in skin and hair care preparations, Propylene Glycol Isostearate creates an occlusive layer (film) on their surface, which prevents excessive evaporation of water from the surface (this is an indirect moisturizing effect), thereby conditioning the skin and hair, softening and smoothing it.



SECURITY OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is safe for use in cosmetics.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review: A CIR panel of experts assessed the safety of Propylene Glycol Isostearate.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate has no toxic effect, is not mutagenic, carcinogenic, reprotoxic or phototoxic.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate does not irritate the skin or have any sensitizing properties.



INFORMATION OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
Ingredient on the basis of propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol).
"Glycol" refers to divalent alcohol as alcoholic component of this ingredient (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol and others).
Isostearates are salts or esters of the isostearic acid (isooctadecanoic acid).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
CAS Number: 68171-38-0 / 63799-53-1
Chem/IUPAC Name: Isooctadecanoic acid, monoester with propane-1,2-diol
EINECS/ELINCS No: 269-027-5
CAS No.: 57-55-6
Molecular Formula: C3H8O2
Molecular Weight: 76.09
Property: Clear viscous liquid.
MDL: MFCD00152773
XlogP3-AA: 8.00 (est)
Molecular Weight: 342.56334000
Formula: C21 H42 O3
CAS Number: 63799-53-1

Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 443.00 to 444.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 328.00 °F. TCC ( 164.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 7.826 (est)
Soluble in: water, 0.00717 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
CAS Number: 63799-53-1
Name: propylene glycol isostearate
Molecular Formula: C21H42O3
Molecular Weight: 342.55638
Density: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Melting Point: N/A
Flash Point: N/A



FIRST AID MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a white solid.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate has high oil content grease.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a synthetic compound composed of propylene glycol and stearic acid.


CAS Number: 68171-38-0 / 63799-53-1
EC Number: 269-027-5
MDL Number: MFCD00152773
Chem/IUPAC Name: Isooctadecanoic acid, monoester with propane-1,2-diol
Molecular Formula: C21H42O3



SYNONYMS:
1,2-Propandiol,Propylenglykol, ISOOCTADECANOIC ACID, MONOESTER WITH 1,2-PROPANEDIOL, MONOESTER WITH 1,2-PROPANEDIOL ISOOCTADECANOIC ACID, PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE, and PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOISOSTEARATE, CAS number: 68171-38-0 / 63799-53-1, Isooctadecanoic acid, monoester with propane-1,2-diol,



Propylene Glycol Isostearate is an ester of propylene glycol and isostearic acid.
Isostearic acid is a lightly chained liquid fatty acid obtained from natural sources like vegetable oils.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a white solid.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate has high oil content grease.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is an ester of propylene glycol and isostearic acid.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a white to cream-colored soft waxy solid with a slightly fatty odor and taste.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate is an ester of propylene glycol and isostearic acid.
Isostearic acid is a lightly chained liquid fatty acid obtained from natural sources like vegetable oils.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a synthetic compound formed from propylene glycol and stearic acid.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a white to cream-colored soft waxy solid with a slightly fatty odor and taste.
Stearic acid is a naturally occurring fatty acid found in animal and vegetable oils.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is an ester of propylene glycol and Isostearic Acid (q.v.).


Propylene Glycol Isostearate's HLB value is 3.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is suitable for hot processes and is ideally added to the oil phase, the recommended usage range is 0.5 - 4.0%.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is made from RSPO-certified, sustainable palm oil and has a Natural Origin Index (ISO 16128) of 0.83.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a mixture of propylene glycol and isostearic acid.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate can be used in co-emulsified series products and is very soft to the skin.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate can increase the brightness of lipstick and reduce sweating.


Use Propylene Glycol Isostearate with essential oils to enhance compatibility.
HLB=1~2, Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a w/o type co-emulsifier.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a synthetic compound composed of propylene glycol and stearic acid.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a soft, waxy, white to cream solid with a slightly oily odor and taste.
Stearic acid is a fatty acid found naturally in animal and vegetable oils.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
Mixture of propylene glycol and stearic acid, Propylene Glycol Isostearate is used as a skin-conditioning agent and emulsifier.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is used surfactant, thickener, skin conditioner, softening component, emulsive component, moistener.
As a surfactant, Propylene Glycol Isostearate carries both a water-loving group PG and a fat-loving group- isostearate.


The oil/ fat-loving group attracts dirt, impurities and attaches them to the surfactant molecule whereas because of the water-loving part Propylene Glycol Isostearate can be carried away with water and becomes cleaner.
With the same principle, Propylene Glycol Isostearate also acts as an emulsifier and prevents separation of the components, and enables even distribution of the product components when used.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate is used in formulations of creams, lotions, gels, shampoos, conditioners, sun care products, and other hair and skincare products.
In addition to its use in cosmetic products, Propylene Glycol Isostearate is also used in food processing like margarine.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate functions as a self-emulsifying agent in cosmetic products.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is designed for use in face/neck care, body care, colour cosmetics and cleansers.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate comes in pellet form and has a melting point of 41°C.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate is used in cosmetic formulations.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate acts as an emollient (makes the skin smooth and supple).
Cosmetic Uses of Propylene Glycol Isostearate: skin conditioning and surfactants.


In addition to its use in cosmetic products, Propylene Glycol Isostearate is also used as margarine in the food industry.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate acts as a self-emulsifying agent in cosmetic products.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is used as an emollient, humectant, emulsifier, and surfactant in cosmetic products.


As Propylene Glycol Isostearate is apparent both Propylene glycol and isostearic acid individually are very good in terms of skincare. PG can act as a humectant.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate draws water from water vapor present in the air and moisturizes the skin.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate can be used in all skin types, especially on normal and mild dry skin types.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate helps in retaining moisture in the skin. Isostearic acid is a fatty acid and it also acts as an emollient.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate fills up the gaps in between the top layer cells in the skin.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate makes skin appear smoother and tighter.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate forms a thin protective barrier on the surface of the skin and protects it from any allergen or bacteria which may compromise with skin’s health otherwise.



USE AND BENEFITS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is used as an emollient, humectant, emulsifier, and surfactant in cosmetic products.
As Propylene Glycol Isostearate is apparent both Propylene glycol and isostearic acid individually are very good in terms of skincare.
PG can act as a humectant.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate draws water from water vapor present in the air and moisturizes the skin.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate can be used in all skin types, especially on normal and mild dry skin types.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate helps in retaining moisture in the skin. Isostearic acid is a fatty acid and it also acts as an emollient.


Propylene Glycol Isostearate fills up the gaps in between the top layer cells in the skin.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate makes skin appear smoother and tighter.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate forms a thin protective barrier on the surface of the skin and protects it from any allergen or bacteria which may compromise with skin’s health otherwise.


As a surfactant, Propylene Glycol Isostearate carries both a water-loving group PG and a fat-loving group- isostearate.
The oil/ fat-loving group attracts dirt, impurities and attaches them to the surfactant molecule whereas because of the water-loving part Propylene Glycol Isostearate can be carried away with water and becomes cleaner.


With the same principle, it also acts as an emulsifier and prevents separation of the components, and enables even distribution of the product components when used.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is used in formulations of creams, lotions, gels, shampoos, conditioners, sun care products, and other hair and skincare products.



OCCURRENCE OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate occurs creams, balms, milks, shower gels, soaps, shampoos, conditioners and hair masks,



HOW DOES PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE WORK?
Propylene Glycol Isostearate creates a nourishing film on the surface of the skin and hair that prevents moisture from evaporating.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate has a softening, moisturizing and smoothing effect.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate enables the creation of an emulsion, combining the water phase with the oil phase.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate increases the viscosity of cosmetics, clouds too clear consistencies, and gives a pearly appearance to transparent preparations.



FROM THE SCIENTIFIC SIDE OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is propylene glycol isostearate.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is a lipophilic, non-ionic, surface-active substance.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is insoluble in water.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is completely safe for the skin, does not cause allergies or irritations.



FUNCTION OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
Cleansing/Foaming ingredients - remove dirt and grease, can create foam
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is an emollient, surfactant, and emulsifier used in cosmetic and personal care products.



SAFETY OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
There are currently no reports of harmful side effects of Propylene Glycol Isostearate on users' skin and health when used topically.



FUNCTIONS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SKIN CONDITIONING:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate maintains the skin in good condition

*SURFACTANT - CLEANSING:
Surface-active agent to clean skin, hair and / or teeth

*Emulsifying :
Propylene Glycol Isostearate promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)

*Opacifying :
Propylene Glycol Isostearate reduces transparency or translucency of cosmetics



WHAT DOES PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Skin conditioning
*Surfactant



WHAT IS PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE USED FOR?
Here are its main functions:
*Attracts water:
Zeichner says at low concentrations, propylene glycol acts like a humectant, which means Propylene Glycol Isostearate binds water and pulls in hydration to the outer skin layer.
When used in cosmetic products, Propylene Glycol Isostearate helps give the skin a hydrated, dewy appearance.



FUNCTIONS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
*Skin care agent:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate maintains skin in good condition
*Surfactant:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the uniform distribution of the product during use



FUNCTIONAL GROUP OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
*Base ingredients
*Active ingredients
*Preservatives
*UV filters
*Dyes
*Fragrances



FEATURES OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
W/O emulsifier, an ingredient enabling the creation of an emulsion.
An emulsion is a physicochemical form that is created by dispersing and mixing the water phase and the oil phase.
Examples of cosmetic emulsions are creams, milks and balms.

Propylene Glycol Isostearate acts as a rheology modifier (i.e. improves consistency by increasing viscosity) in washing preparations containing anionic surfactants.
This is possible by creating the so-called mixed micelles.
An opacifying agent that gives a cloudy or opalescent, pearly appearance to transparent cleaning products.



COSMETIC EFFECT OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
*Emollient:
When used in skin and hair care preparations, Propylene Glycol Isostearate creates an occlusive layer (film) on their surface, which prevents excessive evaporation of water from the surface (this is an indirect moisturizing effect), thereby conditioning the skin and hair, softening and smoothing it.



SECURITY OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
Propylene Glycol Isostearate is safe for use in cosmetics.
Cosmetic Ingredient Review: A CIR panel of experts assessed the safety of Propylene Glycol Isostearate.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate has no toxic effect, is not mutagenic, carcinogenic, reprotoxic or phototoxic.
Propylene Glycol Isostearate does not irritate the skin or have any sensitizing properties.



INFORMATION OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
Ingredient on the basis of propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol).
"Glycol" refers to divalent alcohol as alcoholic component of this ingredient (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol and others).
Isostearates are salts or esters of the isostearic acid (isooctadecanoic acid).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
CAS Number: 68171-38-0 / 63799-53-1
Chem/IUPAC Name: Isooctadecanoic acid, monoester with propane-1,2-diol
EINECS/ELINCS No: 269-027-5
CAS No.: 57-55-6
Molecular Formula: C3H8O2
Molecular Weight: 76.09
Property: Clear viscous liquid.
MDL: MFCD00152773
XlogP3-AA: 8.00 (est)
Molecular Weight: 342.56334000
Formula: C21 H42 O3
CAS Number: 63799-53-1

Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 443.00 to 444.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 328.00 °F. TCC ( 164.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 7.826 (est)
Soluble in: water, 0.00717 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
CAS Number: 63799-53-1
Name: propylene glycol isostearate
Molecular Formula: C21H42O3
Molecular Weight: 342.55638
Density: N/A

Boiling Point: N/A
Melting Point: N/A
Flash Point: N/A
Alternate Name(s): Emerest 2389
Classification: Surfactant
CAS Number: 63799-53-1
Molecular Formula: C21H42O3
Molecular Weight: 342.55638
Density: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Melting Point: N/A



FIRST AID MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PROPYLENE GLYCOL ISOSTEARATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER = 1-METHOXY-2-PROPANOL = PGME


CAS Number: 107-98-2
EC Number: 203-539-1
MDL number: MFCD00004537
Linear Formula: CH3CH(OH)CH2OCH3 / C4H10O2


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether (PGME or 1-methoxy-2-propanol) is an organic solvent with a wide variety of industrial and commercial uses.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether's Flash point is near 89 °F.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is less dense than water.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether's vapors are heavier than air.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is an organic solvent with a wide variety of industrial and commercial uses.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether (also known as propylene glycol monomethyl ether, PM, and PGME), is a colourless liquid that is soluble in water.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is a methoxy alcohol derivative and has a formula of C4H10O2.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is an organic compound that has no color, no odor, is a transparent viscous liquid and has a lightly sweet tatse.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is a colorless liquid with a sweet ether-like odor and bitter taste.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is soluble in water, ether, acetone, and benzene.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether (PGME), a glycol ether, can be synthesized by reacting propylene oxide with methanol in the presence of ZnMgAl (zinc-magnesium-aluminium) catalysts.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is a glycol ether and a good biological indicator of exposure.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether, This hydrophilic solvent has 100% water solubility and is ideally suited as a coupling agent in a wide range of solvent systems.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether, 98% - is an organic solvent with a wide variety of industrial and commercial uses.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is a color- less liquid.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether appears as a colorless liquid.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether's flash point is near 89°F.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is less dense than water.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether's vapors is heavier than air.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is ethereal odor.
The Odor Threshold of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is 10 ppm.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is miscible and hygroscopic with water, acetone and chloroform.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is the fastest evaporating solvent of the glycol ether family.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether, also known as propylene glycol methyl ether, is a clear, colourless liquid with a faint ether-like odour.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is a clear, hygroscopic, medium-volatility liquid with a mild, alcoholic odor.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether has low surface tension as well as excellent solvency and coupling abilities.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is miscible with water and many common organic solvents.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether has colorless, medium-volatility, water-miscible neutral liquid with a mild, alcoholic odour.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is soluble in water and has moderate volatility.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is a propylene oxide-based glycol ether which is fast evaporating and hydrophilic.
For instance, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether may react with acids (or form esters), oxidizing agents (to form the corresponding ketones or carboxylic acids), alkali metals (to form alcoholates) or aldehydes (to form acetals).
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether may form peroxides with atmospheric oxygen.


By virtue of it's ether and alcohol groups, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether has very good solvent power for many of the raw materials used in coatings, e. g. resins, binders, etc.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether possesses the typical properties of the ether and alcohol groups.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER:
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is excellent solvent for nitrocellulose, alkyd resin and maleic anhydride modified phenolic resin
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as an antifreeze in diesel engines, a solvent and as an antifreeze agent, and a cleaning agent in the LCD and electronics industry.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is primarily used as a chemical building block for the production of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used in coatings, inks, printing and dyeing, pesticides, cellulose, acrylates, etc.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether appears as a colorless liquid.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a solvent and as an antifreeze agent.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether acts as a good biological indicator, and a reagent in the synthesis of metolachlor.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is also used in cleaning products such as glass and rug cleaners, carbon and grease removers, and paint and varnish removers; and in pesticide formulations as a solvent for applications to crops and animals.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as Solvent for agricultural pesticides, deactivator and emollient for livestock pesticides.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as Component in the solvent phase for wood stains and polishes.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as an additive for jet fuel antifreeze and brake fluid
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a solvent, dispersant and diluent, also as a fuel antifreeze, extractant
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used in the following products: coating products, washing & cleaning products, anti-freeze products and cosmetics and personal care products.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as an Additive in cleaners, e. g. for metals, windows and floors.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is also used in food and tabacco products as a humectant, preservative and solvent.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as an active solvent for solvent-based coatings and tail solvent for solvent based gravure and flexographic printing inks.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as Excellent solvent for nitrocellulose, alkyd resin and maleic anhydride modified phenolic resin
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used Coupling agent and solvent for household and industrial cleaners, rust removers, and hard surface cleaners.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether possesses properties similar to those of methoxyethanol and ethoxyethanol and used in the same applications, particularly in coatings and printing inks.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is widely used in coatings and cleaners.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is also present in many everyday products such as polish, laundry aids, caulk, sealants, pesticides, inks for ballpoint and felt-tip pens, synthetic resin and rubber adhesives.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as starting material in the production of Methoxypropyl Acetate, which is also an excellent solvent.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a solvent for cellulose, acrylics, dyes, inks, and cellophane.
Cosmetic Uses of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether: perfuming agents and solvents
Other release to the environment of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether can be used as the active solvent of water-based coatings; Active solvent and coupling agent of solvent based printing ink; Solvent for ballpoint pens and pens; Coupling agents and solvents for household and industrial cleaners, derusting agents and hard surface cleaners; Solvents for agricultural pesticides; Mixed with propylene glycol n-butyl ether for glass cleaner formula.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used Carrier solvent for ball point and felt tip writing pen inks.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as Starting material in the production of esters that may be used as plasticizers.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a reagent in the synthesis of 2-amino-3-carboxy-4-phenylthiophenes, which acts as a protein kinase C inhibitors.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is formulated into a wide range of cleaners for industrial and commercial use such as those for ovens, glass, hard surfaces, floors, carpets and upholstery, as well as in speciality sanitation products such as swimming pool cleaners.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether, 99% Cas no 107-98-2 - is used as a reagent in the synthesis of 2-amino-3-carboxy-4-phenylthiophenes, which acts as a protein kinase C inhibitors.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a solvent, dispersant and diluent, also as a fuel antifreeze, extractant.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as solvent of nitrocellulose, compounding agent of brake oil and detergent, etc.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is predominately used in the manufacture of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (otherwise known as PMA) and is also used in industrial and commercial products including paints, varnishes, inks, synthetic resin and rubber adhesives, and automotive and oven cleaners.


Similar to other glycol ethers, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a carrier/solvent in printing/writing inks and paints/coatings.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as an additive for jet fuel antifreeze and brake fluid
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used in coatings, inks, printing and dyeing, pesticides, cellulose, acrylates, etc.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as Component in copying fluids (particularly together with alcohols, inks, and felt-tip pen inks), and Component in the solvent phase for road marking paints.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a solvent in manufacturing processes for the chemical, automotive and agricultural industries and in paint, lacquer and varnishes.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a coalescing agent in water-based paints and inks where it promotes polymer fusion during the drying process.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is mainly used as solvent, dispersant and diluent, as well as fuel antifreeze, extractant, etc.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is primarily used in the manufacture of lacquers and paints, as an anti-freeze in industrial engines, a tailing agent for inks used on very high-speed presses, a coupling agent for resins and dyes in waterbased inks, and a solvent for celluloses, acrylics, dyes, inks, and stains.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used Coupling agent in solvent blends for water-based gravure, flexographic, and silk screen printing inks.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used Solvent for cellulose, acrylics, dyes, inks, and stains; lacquers and paints, and Solvent or leather finishes and stamp pad inks
Nearly half of all propylene glycol made is used for the fabrication of unsaturated polyester resin.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether also finds use as an industrial and commercial paint stripper.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether has a high water solubility, excellent solvent with good coupling properties making it suitable for cleaning solutions and coating applications.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether acts as a good biological indicator.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether's favourable physiological properties make it preferable to methoxyethanol and ethoxyethanol as a solvent for coatings and printing inks.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is also used as a reagent in the synthesis of metolachlor.
Further, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a solvent and an antifreeze agent.


-Printing inks uses of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether:
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is eminently suitable for use in printing inks, e.g. for cellulose nitrate flexographic inks.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether can also be used in gravure inks.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether regulates, i. e. retards, the drying of printing inks, but two facts should be noted in this respect.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether (evaporation rate= 22; ether = 1) dries more rapidly than ethoxyethanol (evaporation rate = 43).
In other words, somewhat greater amounts are required to retard drying.
A general rule is that drying regulators incur the risk of solvent retention and blocking if their proportion is too high or
if inadequate time is allowed for drying.
This also applies to Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether can also be used for cleaning printing plates and for thinning printing inks.


-Coatings Industry uses of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether:
The main application for Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether in the coatings industry is the production of cellulose nitrate lacquers.
The initial solutions can be thinned with many cheap diluents, yet still dry to give clear, transparent coatings of good strength.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether improves the brushability, levelling and gloss of air drying paints and prevents blushing.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is included in formulations for paints applied by a spray-gun for the purpose of improving gloss and adhesion.
Similar to other glycol ethers, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a carrier/solvent in printing/writing inks and paints/coatings.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether also finds use as an industrial and commercial paint stripper.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as an antifreeze in diesel engines.


-Applications of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether:
*Architectural coatings
*Auto OEM
*Auto refinish
*Automotive
*Building materials
*Commerical printing inks
*General industrial coatings
*Graphic arts
*Janitorial & household cleaners
*Marine
*Paints & coatings
*Protective coatings
*Wood coatings



KEY ATTRIBUTES OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER:
*Excellent solvent activity
*Good coupling efficiency
*High dilution ratio
*Inert - Food use with limitations
*Inert - Nonfood use
*Medium evaporation rate
*Miscible with water and most organic liquids
*Non-HAP
*Non-SARA
*Readily biodegradable
*Product description
*Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether, a medium-boiling glycol ether, is an active solvent for cellulose acetate butyrate, nitrocellulose, epoxy, phenolic, acrylic, and alkyd resins.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used in a variety of coating, printing ink, and cleaning applications.



HOW IS PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER PRODUCED?
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is produced by the reaction of 1,2-epoxy propane and methanol in the presence of a catalyst, and this is then followed by distillation.
The worldwide annual production of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is approximately 100,000 to 500,000 tonnes.



REACTIVITY PROFILE of PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER:
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is a methoxy alcohol derivative.
The ether being relatively unreactive.
They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER:
Chemical formula: C4H10O2
Molar mass: 90.122 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Ethereal
Density: 0.92 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point: −97 °C (−143 °F; 176 K)
Boiling point: 120 °C (248 °F; 393 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible
log P: -0.45
Molecular Weight: 90.12
Appearance Form: liquid, clear
Color: colorless
Odor: ethanolic
Odor Threshold: No data available

pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: -96 °C at 1.013 hPa - (ECHA)
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 118 - 119 °C - lit.
Flash point: 34 °C - closed cup
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 16 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,8 %(V)
Vapor pressure: 14,53 hPa at 25 °C
Vapor density: 3,11 - (Air = 1.0)
Density: 0,916 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: 1.000 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water

Pow: < 1 at 20 °C - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 1,7 mPa.s at 25 °C
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Surface tension: 70,7 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: 3,11 - (Air = 1.0)
Boiling point: 120 °C (1013 mbar)
Density: 0.921 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.7 - 11.5 %(V)
Flash point: 34 °C
Ignition temperature: 287 °C

Melting Point: -96 °C
pH value: 4 - 7 (200 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 11.33 hPa (20 °C)
Physical Form (at 20°C): Liquid
Boiling Point: 118-119°C(lit.)
Flash Point: 34°C
Refractive Index: 1.403
Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place
Molecular Weight: 90.12
XLogP3-AA: -0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 90.068079557
Monoisotopic Mass: 90.068079557
Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6

Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 28.7
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.92200 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: 119.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 119.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 8.152000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 93.00 °F. TCC ( 33.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): -0.342 (est)
Soluble in:
alcohol
water, 1000000 mg/L @ 25 °C
water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)



FIRST AID MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 120 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
1-Methoxypropan-2-ol
PGME
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
Methoxypropanol
α-Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
1-Methoxypropan-2-ol
PGME
Methoxyisopropanol
Closol
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-
Dowtherm 209
Poly-Solve MPM
Propasol solvent M
Dowanol 33B
2-Methoxy-1-methylethanol
1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane
PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER
2-Propanol, methoxy-
Propylene glycol 1-methyl ether
NSC 2409
Dowanol-33B
1-methoxy-propan-2-ol
.alpha.-Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
Methyl proxitol
DSSTox_CID_4284
DSSTox_RID_77354
DSSTox_GSID_24284
UNII-74Z7JO8V3U
Ucar Solvent LM (Obs.)
HSDB 1016
UN3092
BRN 1731270
propyleneglycol monomethylether
AI3-15573
Glycol ether pm
Ucar solvent lm
Solvent PM
Gylcol Ether PM
Icinol PM
Poly-solv MPM
74Z7JO8V3U
Methoxy-2-propanol
3-methoxy-propan-2-ol
Propan-1-methoxy-2-ol
rac-1-methoxy-2-propanol
1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL 1-MONOMETHYL ETHER
2-methoxy-1-methyl ethanol
Propan-2-ol, 1-methoxy-
3-01-00-02146
propylene glycol monomethylether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, 98%
Propyleneglycol monomethyl ether
Methoxypropanol, .alpha. isomer
CHEMBL3186306
DTXSID8024284
NSC2409
WLN: QY1 & 1O1
propylene glycol mono methyl ether
(+/-)2-methoxy-1-methylethanol
NSC-2409
Propylene Glycol 1-Monomethyl Ether
Tox21_201803
Tox21_303269
7109AF
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, >=99.5%
AKOS009158246
MCULE-7513310960
SB44649
SB44662
NCGC00249123-01
NCGC00256978-01
NCGC00259352-01
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, analytical standard
DB-016688
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Reagent Grade
FT-0608005
FT-0647598
FT-0654880
FT-0655258
M0126
E72455
Q1884806
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
Z1262237356
2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-
propylene glycol methyl ether
propylene glycol monomethyl ether
Propylene glycol methyl ether,Propyleneglycol monomethyl ether
PGME
Closol
Dowanol pm
MeCH(OH)CH2OMe
PGMME
1-methoxy-2-hydroxypropane
PM-EL
dowanol33b
2-methoxyisopropanol
Propylene Glycol 1-Monomethyl Ether
Solvent PM
Icinol PM
1-methoxy 2-propanol

DESCRIPTION:

Propylene glycol methyl ether is a clear, colorless liquid organic compound that belongs to the family of glycol ethers.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is also known by its chemical formula, CH₃OCH₂CH(CH₃)OH.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is a chemical compound commonly used in various industries.



CAS NUMBER: 107-98-2

EC NUMBER: 203-539-1

MOLECULAR FORMULA: CH₃OCH₂CH(OH)CH₃

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 90.12 g/mol




DESCRIPTION:

Propylene glycol methyl ether is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild odor.
Propylene glycol methyl ether has a relatively low volatility and a high flash point, making it less flammable compared to some other solvents.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is still important to handle it with care and follow safety guidelines.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is classified as a slightly hazardous substance but is considered to have low acute toxicity.
Propylene glycol methyl ether can be irritating to the eyes and skin. Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause dermatitis or other health issues, so appropriate
protective measures should be taken.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is important to store PGME in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials, open flames, or ignition sources.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is regulated in different countries and regions.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is important to comply with local regulations and guidelines when using or handling this chemical.

Propylene glycol methyl ether is considered to have low acute toxicity.
However, prolonged exposure to high concentrations may cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is important to handle it with proper care and follow safety guidelines.
Propylene glycol methyl ether's worth noting that while propylene glycol methyl ether is generally regarded as safe for its intended industrial uses.

Propylene glycol methyl ether is essential to follow proper safety precautions, including using appropriate personal protective equipment and following relevant guidelines and regulations.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is a medium-boiling glycol ether, is an active solvent for cellulose acetate butyrate, nitrocellulose, epoxy, phenolic, acrylic, and alkyd resins.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is used in a variety of coating, printing ink, and cleaning applications.

Propylene glycol methyl ether is primarily used in the chemical, agricultural (pesticides), automotive, paint and varnish industries.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is a mixture of two isomers (a and p) and contains less than 0.5% of the p-isomer.
The predominant use of Propylene glycol methyl ether is as a solvent in various manufacturing processes.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is the fastest evaporating solvent of the glycol ether family.

Propylene glycol methyl ether has a high water solubility, excellent solvent with good coupling properties making it suitable for cleaning solutions and coating applications.
This hydrophilic solvent has 100% water solubility and is ideally suited as a coupling agent in a wide range of solvent systems.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is a clear, colorless liquid with an ether-like odor.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is completely soluble in water, with moderate volatility and is used as a solvent.

Propylene glycol methyl ether is a clear, colourless liquid with a faint ether-like odour.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is soluble in water and has moderate volatility.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is a propylene oxide-based glycol ether which is fast evaporating and hydrophilic.
Propylene glycol methyl ether has low surface tension as well as excellent solvency and coupling abilities.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is produced by reacting propylene oxide with methanol using a catalyst.

Propylene glycol methyl ether is primarily used as a chemical building block for the production of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is also used as a solvent in manufacturing processes for the chemical, automotive and agricultural industries and in paint, lacquer and varnishes.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is used as a coalescing agent in water-based paints and inks where it promotes polymer fusion during the drying process.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is formulated into a wide range of cleaners for industrial and commercial use such as those for ovens, glass, hard surfaces, floors, carpets and upholstery, as well as in speciality sanitation products such as swimming pool cleaners.

Propylene glycol methyl ether is also present in many everyday products such as polish, laundry aids, caulk, sealants, pesticides, inks for ballpoint and felt-tip pens, synthetic resin and rubber adhesives.
Propylene glycol methyl ether and its vapours are flammable.
Propylene glycol methyl ether should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated place away from sources of ignition.

Propylene glycol methyl ether must be isolated from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers, bases and acids.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is a mild, but usually temporary, irritant to the eyes.
Repeated or prolonged contact with the skin may cause irritation, and in very large amounts skin absorption may cause drowsiness or dizziness.
High levels of methoxy propanol vapour may produce eye, nose and throat irritation, and at very high levels may produce anaesthetic or narcotic effects.
Unnecessary exposure should be prevented by appropriate work practices and engineering controls, adequate ventilation and by the use of approved personal protective equipment including gloves, clothing and safety goggles and the use of respirators where appropriate to the task being carried out.



USAGE AREAS:

-Architectural coatings
-Auto OEM
-Auto refinish
-Automotive
-Building materials
-Commerical printing inks
-General industrial coatings
-Graphic arts
-Janitorial & household cleaners
-Marine
-Paints & coatings
-Protective coatings
-Wood coatings



APPLICATION:

Propylene glycol methyl ether is primarily used as a solvent in various industries.
Propylene glycol methyl ether has excellent solvency power for a wide range of organic substances, including resins, coatings, paints, inks, dyes, and cleaning agents.
Propylene glycol methyl ether finds application as a coupling agent, viscosity modifier, and flow improver in industries such as electronics, textiles, printing, and manufacturing.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and fragrance compounds.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is often found in household and industrial cleaning products due to its solvency and low toxicity.



APPLICATION AREAS:

-Active solvent for solvent-based coatings.
-Active and tail solvent for solvent based gravure and flexographic printing inks.
-Coupling agent in solvent blends for water-based gravure, flexographic, and silk screen printing inks.
-Carrier solvent for ball point and felt tip writing pen inks.
-Coupling agent and solvent for household and industrial cleaners, rust removers, and hard surface cleaners.
-Solvent for agricultural pesticides, deactivator and emollient for livestock pesticides



USES:

Propylene glycol methyl ether is primarily used as a solvent in various applications, including paints, coatings, inks, dyes, and cleaning products.
Propylene glycol methyl ether helps dissolve or disperse other substances, improving the consistency and performance of these products.
Propylene glycol methyl ether finds applications in industrial processes such as metal cleaning, surface coatings, and chemical synthesis.

Propylene glycol methyl ether serves as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, including resins, plasticizers, and pharmaceuticals.
Propylene glycol methyl ether can be found in some personal care products, such as cosmetics and skin care items, where it acts as a solvent or viscosity modifier.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is sometimes used as an excipient or a component in pharmaceutical formulations.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Formula: C₅H₁₂O₂
-Molecular Weight: 104.15 g/mol
-Density: 0.915 g/cm³
-Boiling Point: 122-124 °C (252-255 °F)
-Melting Point: -85 °C (-121 °F)
-Solubility: Miscible in water and most organic solvents
-Odor: Mild, ether-like odor



ATTRIBUTES:

-Excellent solvent activity
-Good coupling efficiency
-High dilution ratio
-Inert-Food use with limitations
-Inert-Nonfood use
-Medium evaporation rate
-Miscible with water and most organic liquids
-Non-HAP
-Non-SARA
-Readily biodegradable



SPECIFICATIONS:

-Chemical Formula: C4H10O2
-Molecular Weight: 90.12 g/mol
-CAS Number: 107-98-2
-Density: 0.92 g/cm³
-Boiling Point: 122-124 °C (252-255 °F)
-Melting Point: -85 °C (-121 °F)
-Solubility: Miscible in water and many organic solvents



STORAGE:

Store at +2°C to +25°C.



SYNONYM:

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
Dowtherm 209
1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane
Propasol solvent M
Dowanol 33B
PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER
2-Methoxy-1-methylethanol
Methyl proxitol
2-Propanol, methoxy-
Propylene glycol 1-methyl ether
Propan-2-ol, 1-methoxy-
propylene glycol monomethylether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, 98%
1-Methoxy-2-propanol (PGME)
Methoxypropanol, .alpha. isomer
(+/-)-1-methoxy-2-propanol
1 - methoxypropan - 2 - ol
CHEMBL3186306
METHOXYISOPROPANOL [INCI]
NSC2409
WLN: QY1 & 1O1
propylene glycol mono methyl ether
(+/-)2-methoxy-1-methylethanol
Propylene Glycol 1-Monomethyl Ether
Tox21_201803
Tox21_303269
LS-444
NA3092
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, >=99.5%
AKOS009158246
SB44649
SB44662
NCGC00249123-01
NCGC00256978-01
NCGC00259352-01
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME)
1-METHOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPANE [HSDB]
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, analytical standard
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Reagent Grade
FT-0608005
FT-0647598
FT-0654880
FT-0655258

Propylene glycol methyl ether is an organic solvent with a wide variety of industrial and commercial uses.
Similar to other glycol ethers, Propylene glycol methyl ether is used as a carrier/solvent in printing/writing inks and paints/coatings.
Propylene glycol methyl ether also finds use as an industrial and commercial paint stripper.

CAS: 107-98-2
MF: C4H10O2
MW: 90.12
EINECS: 203-539-1

Propylene glycol methyl ether is used as an antifreeze in diesel engines.
Propylene glycol methyl ether, a glycol ether, can be synthesized by reacting propylene oxide with methanol in the presence of ZnMgAl (zinc-magnesium-aluminium) catalysts.
Propylene glycol methyl ether's degradation by microorganisms in different soil types has been investigated.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is the fastest evaporating solvent of the glycol ether family.

Propylene glycol methyl ether has a high water solubility, excellent solvent with good coupling properties making it suitable for cleaning solutions and coating applications.
This hydrophilic solvent has 100% water solubility and is ideally suited as a coupling agent in a wide range of solvent systems.
Propylene glycol methyl ether appears as a colorless liquid. Flash point near 89 °F.
Less dense than water.
Contact irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Prolonged exposure to vapors may cause coughing, shortness of breath, dizziness and intoxication.

Vapors heavier than air.
Used as a solvent and as an antifreeze agent.
A colorless liquid.
Flash point near 89°F.
Less dense than water.
Contact irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Prolonged exposure to vapors may cause coughing, shortness of breath, dizziness and intoxication.
Vapors heavier than air.
Used as a solvent and as an antifreeze agent.

Propylene glycol methyl ether Chemical Properties
Melting point: -97 °C
Boiling point: 118-119 °C(lit.)
density: 0.922 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 3.12 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 10.9 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.403(lit.)
Fp: 93 °F
storage temp.: Store at +2°C to +25°C.
solubility water: miscible
form: Liquid
pka: 14.49±0.20(Predicted)
color: Colorless
PH: 4-7 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: sweet ether-like odor
explosive limit: 1.7-11.5%(V)
Water Solubility: soluble
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1731270
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 100 ppm (370 mg/m3) (ACGIH); STEL 150 ppm (555 mg/m3) (ACGIH).
Stability: Stable. Highly flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, water. Moisture-sensitive.
InChIKey: ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.37 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 107-98-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Propylene glycol methyl ether (107-98-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Propylene glycol methyl ether (107-98-2)

Propylene glycol methyl ether is a colorless liquid with a sweet ether-like odor and bitter taste.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is soluble in water, ether, acetone, and benzene.

Uses
Propylene glycol methyl ether is primarily used in the manufacture of lacquers and paints, as an anti-freeze in industrial engines, a tailing agent for inks used on very high-speed presses, a coupling agent for resins and dyes in waterbased inks, and a solvent for celluloses, acrylics, dyes, inks, and stains.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is also used in cleaning products such as glass and rug cleaners, carbon and grease removers, and paint and varnish removers; and in pesticide formulations as a solvent for applications to crops and animals.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is used as a solvent for cellulose, acrylics, dyes, inks, and cellophane.
Propylene glycol methyl ether acts as a good biological indicator.

Propylene glycol methyl ether is mainly used as solvent, dispersant and diluent, as well as fuel antifreeze, extractant, etc.
Used as solvent of nitrocellulose, compounding agent of brake oil and detergent, etc. Widely used in coatings and cleaners.
Propylene glycol methyl ether can be used as the active solvent of water-based coatings; Active solvent and coupling agent of solvent based printing ink; Solvent for ballpoint pens and pens; Coupling agents and solvents for household and industrial cleaners, derusting agents and hard surface cleaners; Solvents for agricultural pesticides; Mixed with propylene glycol n-butyl ether for glass cleaner formula.
A glycol ether and a good biological indicator of exposure.

Reactivity Profile
Propylene glycol methyl ether is a methoxy alcohol derivative.
The ether being relatively unreactive.
Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.
They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

Health Hazard
Propylene glycol methyl ether is a mild toxicant.
The toxicity is lower than that of the methyl, ethyl, and butyl ethers of ethylene glycol.
The toxic symptoms from inhaling high concentrations are nausea, vomiting, and general anesthetic effects.
In humans, toxic effects may be felt at exposure to a level of 3000–4000 ppm.
The oral and dermal toxicities in test animals were low.
The effects were mild depression of the central nervous system and a slight change in liver and kidney.

Synthesis
Propylene glycol methyl ether is used as a reagent in the synthesis of 2-amino-3-carboxy-4-phenylthiophenes, which acts as a protein kinase C inhibitors.
Propylene glycol methyl ether is also used as a reagent in the synthesis of metolachlor.

Synonyms
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
107-98-2
1-Methoxypropan-2-ol
Methoxyisopropanol
PGME
2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-
Closol
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
Dowtherm 209
1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane
Propasol solvent M
Dowanol 33B
PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER
2-Methoxy-1-methylethanol
Methyl proxitol
2-Propanol, methoxy-
Propylene glycol 1-methyl ether
Ucar Solvent LM (Obs.)
NSC 2409
Dowanol-33B
HSDB 1016
1-methoxy-propan-2-ol
EINECS 203-539-1
UN3092
BRN 1731270
UNII-74Z7JO8V3U
.alpha.-Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
AI3-15573
74Z7JO8V3U
Propyleneglycol monomethyl ether
DTXSID8024284
NSC-2409
EC 203-539-1
3-01-00-02146 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID804284
CAS-107-98-2
propyleneglycol monomethylether
Glycol ether pm
Ucar solvent lm
Solvent PM
Icinol PM
methoxy isopropanol
Methoxy-2-propanol
MFCD00004537
1-methoxypropanol-2
1-Metoxipropan-2-ol
1-Metoksy-2-propanol
PME (CHRIS Code)
3-methoxy-propan-2-ol
Propan-1-methoxy-2-ol
2-Propanol, 1-metoxi-
rac-1-methoxy-2-propanol
1- methoxypropan- 2- ol
1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL 1-MONOMETHYL ETHER
2-methoxy-1-methyl ethanol
Propan-2-ol, 1-methoxy-
propylene glycol monomethylether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, 98%
1-Methoxy-2-propanol (PGME)
Methoxypropanol, .alpha. isomer
(+/-)-1-methoxy-2-propanol
1 - methoxypropan - 2 - ol
CHEMBL3186306
METHOXYISOPROPANOL [INCI]
NSC2409
WLN: QY1 & 1O1
propylene glycol mono methyl ether
(+/-)2-methoxy-1-methylethanol
Propylene Glycol 1-Monomethyl Ether
Tox21_201803
Tox21_303269
LS-444
NA3092
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, >=99.5%
AKOS009158246
SB44649
SB44662
NCGC00249123-01
NCGC00256978-01
NCGC00259352-01
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME)
1-METHOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPANE [HSDB]
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, analytical standard
FT-0608005
FT-0647598
FT-0654880
FT-0655258
M0126
EN300-73396
E72455
PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER, ALPHA
1-Methoxy-2-propanol [UN3092] [Flammable liquid]
Q1884806
VOC Mixture 614 1.3-930 microg/mL in Triacetin
1-Methoxy-2-propanol [UN3092] [Flammable liquid]
VOC Mixture Kit 664 0.15-930 microg/mL in Triacetin
Z825742124
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether; (UCAR TRIOL HG-170)
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether; (UCAR TRIOL HG-170)
InChI=1/C4H10O2/c1-4(5)3-6-2/h4-5H,3H2,1-2H

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether
CAS Number: 107-98-2



APPLICATIONS


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a solvent in paints, inks, nail polish removers, and cleaning agents.
Also, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used in finishing leather and in electronics and agriculture.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used to make lacquers and paints, as a solvent for resins, celluloses, acrylics, dyes, and inks (gravure, flexographic and silk screening), as antifreeze, and in household cleaners and spot removers.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is chiefly used in manufacture of lacquers and paints.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is a solvent for celluloses, acrylics, dyes, inks, stains.
Furthermore, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is solvent-sealing of cellophane.


Uses of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether:

Architectural coatings
Auto OEM
Auto refinish
Automotive
Building materials
Commerical printing inks
General industrial coatings
Graphic arts
Janitorial & household cleaners
Marine
Paints & coatings
Protective coatings
Wood coatings
Arts and crafts supplies which can not be assigned to a more refined category
Glue sticks, glitter glues, fabric glues, craft glue, spray mounts, stencil sprays, and other adhesives used for primarily craft purposes
Writing utensils containing liquid or gel ink
Fluids used to cover inked or typed text on paper allowing for over laying of new text
Products used for cleaning or safety in an occupational or industrial setting (e.g. industrial cleaning supplies or laundry detergent, eye wash, spill kits)
Cleaning and household care products that can not be placed in a more refined category
Bathtub, tile, and toilet surface cleaners
Cleaning products for carpet or other flooring, which do not fit into a more refined category
Carpet-cleaning products that may be used directly (or require dilution), includes solutions that may be used by hand or in mechanical carpet cleaners
Products used to control microbial pests on hard surfaces or laundry
Products used to clean glass, mirrors, and windows
Products used to clean hard surfaces in the home, including kitchen specific hard surface cleaners
Heavy duty hard surface cleaning products that may require dilution prior to use (i.e., may be concentrated)
Products used to clean grills, ovens, or range cooktops
Upholstery fabric cleaning products that may be used directly (or require dilution), includes solutions that may be used by hand or in upholstery cleaning machines
Materials used for construction (e.g. flooring, tile, sinks, bathtubs, mirrors, wall materials/drywall, wall-to-wall carpets, insulation, playground surfaces); includes semi-permanent fixtures such as faucets and light fixtures
Ink for inkjet printers
General formulation products used for home maintenance, which do not fit into a more refined category
General purpose repair adhesives including all purpose glues, super glue, and epoxies; not including wood glues
Liquid or gels designed to seal cracks or fill cracks and depressions on hard surfaces
Products for removing grease and other hydrophobic materials from hard surfaces
Formulation products related to, or used on or for insulation, which do not fit into a more refined category
Paint or stain related products that do not fit into a more refined category
Home improvement paints, excluding or not specified as oil-, solvent-, or water-based paints
Products applied to hard surfaces to remove paints and finishes
Septic system treatment products
Products for coating and protecting household surfaces other than glass, stone, or grout
Flame retardants used for various purposes
Products for coloring eye lids
Clear or colored nail enamels, polishes, basecoats, topcoats, and other acrylic coatings
Products used to control fungi pests in the garden or home
Carpet and upholstery cleaners for pet stains
Auto body waxes and coatings, excluding combo wash/wax products
Power steering fluids, transmission fluids, brake fluids, fuel injector cleaners, gas treatments, or leak stoppers
Petroleum-based or synthetic engine lubricants


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether has been used as an antifreeze material, principally in ebullient cooling systems and in some heavy-duty diesel engines.
As a solvent component in paints and printing inks, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether improves the wetting of some pigments and colorants.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether has a good solvency for:

cellulose nitrate
cellulose ethers
chlorinated rubber
poly(vinyl acetate)
poly(vinyl butyral)
ketone and ketone-formaldehyde resins
shellac
colophony
phenol-, melamine-, and urea-formaldehyde resins
alkyd resins
polyacrylates
polymethacrylates
castor oil
linseed oil
some vinyl chloride copolymers.

Being a moderately volatile solvent, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether improves paint penetration, flow properties, and the gloss of paint coats; it also prevents blushing and formation of fish eyes and blisters.
Addition of methoxypropanol does not delay the drying of paint systems.


Industry and Consumer uses of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether:

Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Corrosion inhibitor
Diluent
Dispersing agent
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Photosensitive agent
Pigments
Sealant (barrier)
Solvents (for cleaning or degreasing)
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
UV stabilizer
Viscosity adjustors
Cleaning agent
Corrosion inhibitor
Coating additives
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
UV stabilizer
Viscosity adjustors


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is predominately used in the manufacture of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (otherwise known as PMA) and is also used in industrial and commercial products including paints, varnishes, inks, synthetic resin and rubber adhesives, and automotive and oven cleaners.
Moreover, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is also used as a cleaning agent in the LCD and electronics industry.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is a clear, colorless liquid with an ether-like odor and low toxicity.
Besides, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is an organic solvent that is a fast evaporator.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is water soluble and miscible with a number of other organic solvents

In addition, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a solvent for a variety of industrial and consumer applications: for paints, varnishes, celluloses, acrylics, dyes, inks, stains, etc.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether may be used as an industrial paint stripper, or as antifreeze in diesel engines.

Additionally, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a chemical intermediate, in cleaners and degreasers, in coatings, and in the manufacture of electronics.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether may be used in agricultural, cosmetic, and adhesives products.


Features of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether:

Excellent solvent activity
Good coupling efficiency
High dilution ratio
Inert - Food use with limitations
Inert - Nonfood use
Medium evaporation rate
Miscible with water and most organic liquids
Non-HAP
Non-SARA
Readily biodegradable


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is primarily used as a chemical building block for the production of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate.
More to that, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is also used as a solvent in manufacturing processes for the chemical, automotive and agricultural industries and in paint, lacquer and varnishes.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a coalescing agent in water-based paints and inks where it promotes polymer fusion during the drying process.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is formulated into a wide range of cleaners for industrial and commercial use such as those for ovens, glass, hard surfaces, floors, carpets and upholstery, as well as in speciality sanitation products such as swimming pool cleaners.
Further to that, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is also present in many everyday products such as polish, laundry aids, caulk, sealants, pesticides, inks for ballpoint and felt-tip pens, synthetic resin and rubber adhesives.



DESCRIPTION


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether mixture of isomers is a monohydric alcohol that is used as an additive in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
Besides, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether has good solvency for water-insoluble substances such as silicone oils, n-butyl alcohol, and methyl alcohol.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether, mixture of isomers can also be used as a solvent for in vitro tests.
With its low viscosity and high boiling point (at atmospheric pressure), Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether can be used at temperatures between -20 °C to 120 °C.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is an organic solvent with a wide variety of industrial and commercial uses.
Similar to other glycol ethers, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a carrier/solvent in printing/writing inks and paints/coatings. It also finds use as an industrial and commercial paint stripper.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as an antifreeze in diesel engines.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether, a medium-boiling glycol ether, is an active solvent for cellulose acetate butyrate, nitrocellulose, epoxy, phenolic, acrylic, and alkyd resins.
Furthermore, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used in a variety of coating, printing ink, and cleaning applications.

The chemical substances for Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether are listed as Inert Ingredients Permitted for Use in Nonfood Use Pesticide Products, and in Food Use Pesticide Products with limitations, under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether appears as a colorless liquid.
Flash point of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is near 89 °F.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is less dense than water.
Contact irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

Prolonged exposure to vapors of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether may cause coughing, shortness of breath, dizziness and intoxication.
Vapors of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether are heavier than air.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is used as a solvent and as an antifreeze agent.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is a clear, colourless liquid with a faint ether-like odour.
Moreover, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is soluble in water and has moderate volatility.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is a propylene oxide-based glycol ether which is fast evaporating and hydrophilic.
Besides, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether has low surface tension as well as excellent solvency and coupling abilities.



PROPERTIES


Density: 0.9500g/mL
Melting Point: -80.0°C
Boiling Point: 180.0°C
Flash Point: 75°C
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. sum of isomers (GC)
Linear Formula: CH3O(CH2)3O(CH2)3OH
Packaging: Plastic drum
Solubility Information:
Solubility in water: soluble.
Other solubilities: miscible with benzene
Specific Gravity: 0.95
Formula Weight: 148.2
Percent Purity: 99%
Grade: Pure
Viscosity: 4 mPa.s (25°C)
Chemical Name or Material: Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether, Mixture of isomers
Chemical formula: C4H10O2
Molar mass: 90.122 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor : Ethereal
Density: 0.92 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point: −97 °C (−143 °F; 176 K)
Boiling point: 120 °C (248 °F; 393 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible
log P: 0.45
Molecular Weight: 90.12
XLogP3-AA: -0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 90.068079557
Monoisotopic Mass: 90.068079557
Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 28.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized : Yes



FIRST AID


General notes:

Do not leave affected person unattended.
Remove victim out of the danger area.
Keep affected person warm, still and covered.

Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
In all cases of doubt, or when symptoms persist, seek medical advice.

In case of unconsciousness place person in the recovery position.
Never give anything by mouth.


Following inhalation:

If breathing is irregular or stopped, immediately seek medical assistance and start first aid actions.
Provide fresh air.


Following skin contact:

Wash with plenty of soap and water.


Following eye contact:

Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.
Irrigate copiously with clean, fresh water for at least 10 minutes, holding the eyelids apart.


Following ingestion:

Rinse mouth with water (only if the person is conscious).
Do NOT induce vomiting.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether and its vapours are flammable.
In addition, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated place away from sources of ignition.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether must be isolated from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers, bases and acids.
Additionally, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether is a mild, but usually temporary, irritant to the eyes.

Repeated or prolonged contact with the skin may cause irritation, and in very large amounts skin absorption may cause drowsiness or dizziness.
High levels of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether vapour may produce eye, nose and throat irritation, and at very high levels may produce anaesthetic or narcotic effects.

Unnecessary exposure should be prevented by appropriate work practices and engineering controls, adequate ventilation and by the use of approved personal protective equipment including gloves, clothing and safety goggles and the use of respirators where appropriate to the task being carried out.



SYNONYMS


1-Methoxy-2-propanol
107-98-2
1-Methoxypropan-2-ol
Methoxyisopropanol
PGME
2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
Closol
Dowtherm 209
1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane
Poly-Solve MPM
Propasol solvent M
Dowanol 33B
PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER
2-Methoxy-1-methylethanol
2-Propanol, methoxy-
Propylene glycol 1-methyl ether
NSC 2409
Dowanol-33B
1-methoxy-propan-2-ol
.alpha.-Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
74Z7JO8V3U
Propyleneglycol monomethyl ether
NSC-2409
Methyl proxitol
DSSTox_CID_4284
DSSTox_RID_77354
DSSTox_GSID_24284
Ucar Solvent LM (Obs.)
CAS-107-98-2
HSDB 1016
EINECS 203-539-1
UN3092
BRN 1731270
UNII-74Z7JO8V3U
propyleneglycol monomethylether
AI3-15573
Glycol ether pm
Ucar solvent lm
Solvent PM
Gylcol Ether PM
Icinol PM
methoxy isopropanol
Poly-solv MPM
Methoxy-2-propanol
MFCD00004537
3-methoxy-propan-2-ol
Propan-1-methoxy-2-ol
rac-1-methoxy-2-propanol
EC 203-539-1
1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL 1-MONOMETHYL ETHER
2-methoxy-1-methyl ethanol
Propan-2-ol, 1-methoxy-
3-01-00-02146 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
propylene glycol monomthylether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, 98%
Methoxypropanol, .alpha. isomer
(+/-)-1-methoxy-2-propanol
CHEMBL3186306
DTXSID8024284
METHOXYISOPROPANOL [INCI]
NSC2409
WLN: QY1 & 1O1
propylene glycol mono methyl ether
(+/-)2-methoxy-1-methylethanol
Propylene Glycol 1-Monomethyl Ether
Tox21_201803
Tox21_303269
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, >=99.5%
AKOS009158246
SB44649
SB44662
NCGC00249123-01
NCGC00256978-01
NCGC00259352-01
1-METHOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPANE [HSDB]
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, analytical standard
DB-016688
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Reagent Grade
FT-0608005
FT-0647598
FT-0654880
FT-0655258
M0126
EN300-73396
E72455
Q1884806
1-Methoxy-2-propanol [UN3092] [Flammable liquid]
Z825742124

cas no 108-65-6 1,2-Propanediol monomethyl ether acetate; 1-Methoxy-2-propyl acetate; DOWANOL® PMA; MPA; PGMEA; Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate;

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate
Molecular Formula: C6H12O3 or CH3CH(OCOCH3)CH2OCH3
CAS Number
108-65-6



APPLICATIONS


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a clear, colorless liquid ester.
Furthermore, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is used in an industrial setting as a solvent for automotive paints and industrial coatings, as a solvent in the electronics industry and in silk screen inks.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is found in household cleaners, paints, spray paints, lacquers, varnishes and pesticides.
Moreover, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is very efficient at dissolving resins used in paints, inks, lacquers, and other types of surface coatings.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate has been used in the development of fluidic channels to be incorporated in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic device.


Uses of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate:

Aerospace coatings
Architectural coatings
Auto OEM
Auto plastics
Auto refinish
Automotive parts & accessories
Commerical printing inks
Furniture
General industrial coatings
Industrial cleaners
Industrial maintenance
Janitorial & household cleaners
Marine
Molding & trim interior
Packaging inks non food contact
Process solvents
Protective coatings
Road markings
Solvents/stripping agents
Truck/bus/RV
Wood coatings


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate (PGMEA, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate) is a P-type glycol ether used in inks, coatings, and cleaners. Besides, Besides, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is sold by different companies under different titles.

In the semiconductor industry, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a commonly used solvent, primarily for the application of surface adherents such as Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine (HMDS) on silicon wafers.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is often the most abundant airborne, molecular contamination (AMC) in semiconductor cleanrooms, due to its evaporation into ambient air.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate has been used in the development of fluidic channels to be incorporated in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic device.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is extensively used in many decorative and protective coating formulations.
In addition, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate has a similar evaporation rate and solvency compared to EEA in an acrylic-epoxy baking enamel formulation.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is also found to give better gloss and image distinction.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is generally recommended over its acetates because acetates are subject to hydrolysis in very alkaline water-based cleaners.
However, for solvent-based cleaning, including metal degreasing and specialized equipment cleansing Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate alone and in conjunction with other solvents is being evaluated as a replacement for many chlorinated solvents.

The direction of current regulations is to eliminate the use of many chlorinated solvents in this application.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate has replaced EEA in photoresist formulations used in semiconductor processing.

In these processes, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is used in the positive photoresist formulation.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate may also be used in solvent systems for cleaning and degreasing circuit boards and removing solder flux.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate shows very broad solvency.
Solvency characteristics of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate generally match those of chlorinated solvents more closely than do glycol ethers and alcohols.


Some uses OF Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate:

Writing utensils containing liquid or gel ink
Cleaning products for carpet or other flooring, which do not fit into a more refined category
Materials used for construction (e.g. flooring, tile, sinks, bathtubs, mirrors, wall materials/drywall, wall-to-wall carpets, insulation, playground surfaces); includes semi-permanent fixtures such as faucets and light fixtures
Ink for inkjet printers
Toners used in laser printers
Items used to furnish a home or workplace, e.g. tables, chairs, sofa, outdoor patio furniture, sofa cover, hammock, mattress, area rug
General formulation products used for home maintenance, which do not fit into a more refined category
Adhesive and adhesive remover related products which do not fit into a more refined category
General purpose repair adhesives including all purpose glues, super glue, and epoxies; not including wood glues
Liquid or gels designed to seal cracks or fill cracks and depressions on hard surfaces
Products for removing grease and other hydrophobic materials from hard surfaces
Paint or stain related products that do not fit into a more refined category
Home improvement paints, excluding or not specified as oil-, solvent-, or water-based paints
Products used on wooden surfaces, including decks, to impart transparent or semitransparent color
Products for coating and protecting household surfaces other than glass, stone, or grout
Flame retardants used for various purposes
Body cleaners, washes, shower gels
Eye liners or brow coloring products
Colored lip products, excluding glosses
Care products specifically for cats which do not fit into a more refined category
Products used in or on vehicles, which do not fit into a more refined category
Paints and primers for auto body or engine
Products for masking odors or adding fragrance to car cabin air
Treatments for the surfaces/body of vehicles that can not be otherwise categorized

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate has been used in the development of fluidic channels to be incorporated in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic device.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a photoresist solvent.
Its degradation by microorganisms in different soil types has been investigated.
An oral reference dose (RfD) value of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate has been obtained from inhalation studies.
The solubility of (5-alkylsulfonyloxyimino-5H-thiophen-2-ylidene)-2-methylphenyl-acetonitriles in Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate has been analyzed.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a colorless liquid with sweet Ether-like odor.
Additionally, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is used in cleaning solutions and as a solvent for coatings, acrylics, dyes, inks and stains.

ODOR THRESHOLD = 10 ppm
Odor thresholds of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate vary greatly.
Do not rely on odor alone to determine potentially hazardous exposures.


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is used as a solvent for paints, inks, lacquers, varnishes, cleaners, coatings, ink-removers, and pesticides.
More to that, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is used in photoresist formulations in the semiconductor industry.

Also, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is used in solvents for degreasing circuit boards and in food contact applications.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate functions as a solvent in cosmetic formulations.
Further to that, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is used in surface coatings, inks, and cleaners.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is used as a solvent for paints, inks, lacquers, varnishes, cleaners and coatings.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetateis also used as a solvent for degreasing circuit boards and in food contact applications.
Further, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is used in photoresist formulations in the semiconductor industry.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a high-grade industrial solvent with low toxicity and excellent performance.
Furthermore, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate has strong solubility for polar and non-polar substances.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is suitable for solvents of various polymers of high-grade coatings and inks, including aminomethyl ester, vinyl, polyester, cellulose acetate, alkyd resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin and nitrocellulose.
Among them. Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is the best solvent in coatings and inks.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is suitable for unsaturated polyester, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, etc.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a photoresist solvent.
Its degradation by microorganisms in different soil types has been investigated.

An oral reference dose (RfD) value of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate has been obtained from inhalation studies.
The solubility of (5-alkylsulfonyloxyimino-5H-thiophen-2-ylidene)-2-methylphenyl-acetonitriles in Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate has been analyzed.


Industry and Consumer Uses of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate:

Adhesion/cohesion promoter
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Cleaning agent
Defoamer
Diluent
Dispersing agent
Finishing agents
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Photosensitive agent
Photosensitive chemicals
Pigments
Plating agents and surface treating agents
Solvents (for cleaning or degreasing)
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
UV stabilizer
Wetting agent (non-aqueous)
Defoamer
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Photosensitive agent
Pigments
Sealant (barrier)


Methoxy propyl acetate, also known as Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate, is a clear, colourless liquid with a mild ether-like odour.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is only slightly soluble in water but miscible with most common organic solvents.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is slightly hygroscopic, relatively fast evaporating and has a low viscosity.
Moreover, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate enters into reactions which are characteristic of both esters and ethers, displaying their good solvent power.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is produced by reacting propylene oxide with methanol using a catalyst.

The main applications of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate are in coatings and printing inks, where it is frequently used as an alternative to ethoxyethyl acetate.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is used as a carrier solvent for resins and inks that are incompatible with water such as acrylics, epoxies, alkyds and polyesters.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is formulated into a great many other industrial and commercial products such as paints, lacquers, varnishes, cleaners, ink removers, pesticides, adhesives, dyes for furniture polishes, wood stains, leather and textiles, and also as a binder for core sands in foundries.



DESCRIPTION


Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a colorless liquid with a sweet ether-like odor.
Besides, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a clear liquid that has limited miscibility with water.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a medium volatility solvent with a mild odour and has the formula C6H12O3.
In addition, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a photoresist solvent.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a slow evaporating solvent with both ether and ester functional groups.
Additionally, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is an excellent solvent for many commonly used coating polymers, including cellulose acetate butyrate, nitrocellulose, epoxy resins, acrylic copolymers, and phenoxy resins.

The combination of slow evaporation rate and good solvent activity makes Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate acetate an effective retarder solvent for use in lacquers, thinners, and baking enamels.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is supplied as a urethane grade solvent.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a glycol type solvent used in inks, coatings, and cleaners.
Ungraded products involving Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate, also known as propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with a unique odor.
More to that, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a non-polluting solvent with multi-functional groups.
The molecular formula of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is C6H12O3.

Not only Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is used as a solvent for printing ink, paint, ink, textile dyes and textile oil, it is also used as a cleaning agent in the production of liquid crystal displays.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is flammable, and when the temperature is above 42°C, it may form explosive vapor/air mixture.


Features of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate:

Excellent solvent activity
Non-HAP
Non-SARA
Readily biodegradable
Slow evaporation rate
Urethane grade

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a colorless,combustible liquid with low toxicity.
Further to that, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate has a characteristic ester odor and is soluble in water tothe extent of 18% at 20°C.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate has excellent solvency for a variety of substances including acrylic, nitrocellulose and urethane coating resins.
Furthermore, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a substitute for certain ethyleneglycol (E-series) ether acetates, particularly EEA and EMA.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate, also known as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, with molecular formula of C6H12O3, is a colorless hygroscopic liquid with special smell.
Moreover, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a non pollution solvent with multi-functional groups.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is mainly used as the solvent of ink, paint, ink, textile dye and textile oil agent, and also as the cleaning agent in the production of LCD.
Besides, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is flammable, may form explosive vapor / air mixture above 42 ° C.

Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA) is an advanced solvent.
Its molecule has both ether bond and carbonyl.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate forms the structure of ester and contains alkyl at the same time.
In the same molecule, there are both non-polar and polar parts.
The functional groups of these two parts not only restrict and repel each other, but also play their inherent roles.

Therefore, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate has a certain solubility for non-polar substances and polar substances.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate is a material contains polar groups and non polar group , has good ability of dissolving and coupling, commonly used in solvent based coatings and screen printing ink.



PROPERTIES


assay: ≥99.5%
autoignition temp.: 669 °F
expl. lim.: 13.1 %
refractive index: n20/D 1.402 (lit.)
bp: 145-146 °C (lit.)
145-146 °C
solubility:
water: soluble 198 g/L at 20 °C
density: 0.970 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Molecular Weight: 132.16 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H12O3
Appearance Colorless: Liquid
Freezing Point: -66°C (-87°F)
Flash Point: – Closed Cup 42°C (108°F)
Boiling Point: @ 760mmHg 146°C (295°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 333°C
Density: @ 20°C 0.967 kg/l, 8.07 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure: @ 20°C 2.8 mmHg
Evaporation Rate: (nBuAc = 1) 0.33
Solubility @ 20°C:
(in Water): 16%
(Water in): 3%
Refractive Index: @ 25°C 1.40
Viscosity: @ 25°C 0.8 cP
Surface Tension: @ 25°C 26.9 dynes/cm
Lower Flammability in Air: 1.5% v/v
Upper Flammability in Air: 7.0% v/v
Specific Heat: @ 25°C 1.85 J/g/°C
Heat of Vaporization: @ normal boiling point 296 J/g
Heat of Combustion: @ 25°C 23.8 kJ/g


Computed Properties:

Molecular Weight: 132.16
XLogP3-AA: 0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 132.078644241
Monoisotopic Mass: 132.078644241
Topological Polar Surface Area: 35.5
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 90.3
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate may cause painful eye irritation and corneal injury.
Repeated or prolonged contact with the skin in very large amounts may cause localised irritation, and in some severe cases may cause drowsiness or dizziness.
High or repeated exposure via inhalation may lead to adverse effects to the nasal passages, liver and kidneys.

Unnecessary exposure should be prevented by appropriate work practices and engineering controls, adequate ventilation and by the use of approved personal protective equipment including gloves, clothing and safety goggles and the use of respirators where appropriate to the task being carried out.
Call for medical aid.


Eye Contact:

Wash with water for 15 min.
Call a physician.
Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower lids.
Remove contact lenses, if worn, while rinsing.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated skin with water.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin with soap and water.


Inhalation:

Remove the person from exposure.
Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped.
Transfer promptly to a medical facility.


Ingestion:

Induce vomiting after drinking two glasses of water.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


General industry practice is to store Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate in carbon steel vessels.
Storage in properly lined steel or stainless steel to avoid slight discoloration from carbon steel is recommended.

Product stored or delivered in unlined carbon steel vessels must be filtered due to technically unavoidable particles.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate should be stored under a nitrogen blanket when available.

Avoid contact with air when storing for long periods of time.
This product may absorb water if exposed to air.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate should be stored only in tightly closed, properly vented containers away from heat, sparks, open flame or strong oxidizing agents.
Use only non-sparkingtools.

Containers should be grounded before beginning transfer.
Electrical equipment should conform to national electric code.
Handle empty containers carefully.

Flammable combustible residue remains after emptying.
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate that is subsequently repackaged, handled and/or delivered by third parties may have a different shelf life and may require third party shelf life studies.
Product past the retest date should be evaluated to confirm that all specifications are within their limits before use.

Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate and its vapours are combustible.
Thus, Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated place away from sources of ignition and isolated from incompatible materials such as oxidizing agents.



SYNONYMS


1-Methoxy-2-propyl acetate, PMA, PGMEA, PM
Acetate
1-Methoxy-2-propyl acetate
108-65-6
1-methoxypropan-2-yl acetate
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
2-Acetoxy-1-methoxypropane
PGMEA
Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate
1-Methoxy-2-acetoxypropane
2-Methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate
2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-, acetate
METHOXYISOPROPYL ACETATE
1-METHOXY-2-PROPANOL ACETATE
Propyleneglycol monomethyl ether acetate
NSC 2207
Acetic acid, 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl ester
2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-, 2-acetate
EINECS 203-603-9
PROPYLENEGLYCOLMETHYLETHERACETATE
PA7O2U6S2Q
2-(1-Methoxy)propyl acetate
Propylene glycol 1-methyl ether 2-acetate
Propylene Glycol 1-Monomethyl Ether 2-Acetate
NSC-2207
Dowanol (R) PMA glycol ether acetate
UNII-PA7O2U6S2Q
BRN 1751656
AI3-18548
Arcosolv PMA
Dowanol PMA
MFCD00038500
2-Propanol, acetate
Ektasolve PM Acetate
propylene glycol monomethylether acetate
1,2-Propanediol monomethyl ether acetate
SU 8 DEVELOPER
DSSTox_CID_6796
EC 203-603-9
DSSTox_RID_78216
1-methoxy-2-acetoxy propane
DSSTox_GSID_26796
SCHEMBL15667
CHEMBL3182130
DTXSID1026796
HSDB 8443
LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-
NSC2207
propyleneglycol methyl ether acetate
Tox21_201436
AKOS015837930
Glycol Ether PM Acetate Reagent Grade
METHOXYISOPROPYL ACETATE [INCI]
NCGC00249046-01
NCGC00258987-01
CAS-108-65-6
FT-0675939
P1171
1,2-Propanediol 1-Monomethyl Ether 2-Acetate
1,2-Propanediol monomethyl ether acetate, 99%
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate(PMA)
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 99%
EN300-1725866
J-504836
Q2170375
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, >=99.0% (GC)
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5%
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade
Propylene glycol 1-methyl ether 2-acetate 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
1,2-PROPANEDIOL 1-MONOMETHYL ETHER 2-ACETATE
1,2-PROPANEDIOL MONOMETHYL ETHER ACETATE
1-METHOXY-2-PROPANOL ACETATE
1-METHOXY-2-PROPYL ACETATE
2-(1-METHOXY)PROPYL ACETATE
2-ACETOXY-1-METHOXYPROPANE
2-METHOXY-1-METHYLETHYL ACETATE
2-(METHOXY)PROPYL ACETATE
ACETIC ACID 2-METHOXYPROPYL ESTER
ACETIC ACID METHOXYPROPYL ESTER
ARCOSOLV(R) PMA
DOWANOL(TM) PMA
GLYCOL ETHER PMA
MPA
PMA
PMA-EL
PROPYLENE GLYCOL 1-METHYL ETHER 2-ACETATE
PROPYLENE GLYCOL 1-MONOMETHYL ETHER 2-ACETATE
PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER ACETATE
PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER ACETATE

cas no 5131-66-8 DOWANOL PNB; PGME;

Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) IUPAC Name 1-butoxypropan-2-ol Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) InChI InChI=1S/C7H16O2/c1-3-4-5-9-6-7(2)8/h7-8H,3-6H2,1-2H3 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) InChI Key RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Canonical SMILES CCCCOCC(C)O Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Molecular Formula C7H16O2 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) CAS 5131-66-8 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) European Community (EC) Number 225-878-4 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) ICSC Number 1614 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) RTECS Number UA7700000 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID8027589 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Physical Description Liquid Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Boiling Point 171.5 °C Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Flash Point 63 °C c.c. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Solubility Solubility in water, g/100ml: 6 (moderate) Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Density Relative density (water = 1): 0.879 (25 °C) Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Vapor Density Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.55 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Vapor Pressure Vapor pressure, kPa at 25 °C: 0.187 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) LogP 1.15 (calculated) Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Atmospheric OH Rate Constant 3.76e-11 cm3/molecule*sec Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Autoignition Temperature 260 °C Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Viscosity 2.9 cSt at 25 °C Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Molecular Weight 132.2 g/mol Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) XLogP3-AA 1.1 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Rotatable Bond Count 5 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Exact Mass 132.11503 g/mol Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Monoisotopic Mass 132.11503 g/mol Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Topological Polar Surface Area 29.5 Ų Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Heavy Atom Count 9 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Formal Charge 0 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Complexity 54.9 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Isotope Atom Count 0 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 1 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Industry Uses: Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories,Processing aids, not otherwise listed,Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing),Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture),Surface active agents,insecticide - hornet & wasp.Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Consumer Uses: Cleaning and furnishing care products,Paints and coatings,Personal care products,insecticide hornet & wasp.Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Industry Processing Sectors:All other basic organic chemical manufacturing,All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing,Fabricated metal product manufacturing,Paint and coating manufacturing,Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing,Transportation equipment manufacturing.Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) Fire Hazards:Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 63 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.1 (at 80 °C) - 8.4 (at 145 °C).Inhalation First Aid:Fresh air, rest.Skin First Aid:Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.Eye First Aid:First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Then wash away with plenty of water.Keep in the dark. Separated from strong oxidants.No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin.NO open flames. Above 63 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.Use ventilation.Protective gloves.Wear safety goggles.Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) (PNB) is a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. It evaporates quickly and is hydrophobic (doesn’t mix well with water). Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) is a propylene oxide-based, or Pseries, glycol ether and a blend of two isomers: 1-butoxy-2-propanol (>95.0%, CAS# 5131-66-8), and 1-propanol-2-butoxy (<5.0%, CAS# 15821-83-7).® Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) is a clear, colorless having a mild characteristic odor. The principal end uses of Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) are industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, printing inks, paints and coatings. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) should be stored only in tightly closed,properly vented containers away from heat, sparks,open flame or strong oxidizing agents. Use only nonsparking tools. Containers should be grounded before beginning transfer. Electrical equipment should conform to national electric code. Handle empty containers carefully. Flammable combustible residue remains after emptying.General industry practice is to store Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter)P in carbon steel vessels. Storage in properly lined steel or stainless steel to avoid slight discoloration from mild steel is recommended. Avoid contact with air when storing for long periods of time. This product may absorb water if exposed to air.Provided proper storage and handling precautions are taken, Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) manufactured and delivered.Monument Chemical is stable for at least 12 months from the date of manufacture. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) that is subsequently repackaged, handled and/or delivered by third parties may have a different shelf life and may require third party shelf life studies. Product past theretest date should be evaluated to confirm that all specifications are within their limits before use. Propylene series glycol ethers are used in surface coatings, leather, pesticides, electrical, industrial cleaners, resins, and printing inks; [ECETOC] Used as a coupling agent and solvent (degreasers, paint removers, metal cleaners, and hard surface cleaners), coalescent (latex coatings), coupling agent (water-based agricultural formulations), and chemical intermediate (epoxides, acid ester derivatives, solvents, and plasticizers).Adverse effects in animal studies include adaptive liver changes and reversible CNS depression, but no hematological, genotoxic, or carcinogenic effects; [ToxPlanet: ECETOC] A skin and eye irritant; [ICSC] May cause moderate skin and eye irritation; May cause mild, reversible corneal injury;"Dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether."But for its Elements glass cleaner, part of a line it calls “environmentally responsible maintenance solutions,” Misco has replaced EGBE with a blend of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and propylene glycol mono n-butyl ether. Unlike EGBE, these glycol ethers aren’t readily absorbed by the skin and aren’t associated with blood cell breakage, the firm says.Misco is using propylene-based glycol ethers—so-called P-series glycol ethers—to replace EGBE in most of the new products it develops, according to Zhou. The catch, he says, is that there’s no one drop-in replacement for EGBE. The company often must tailor blends out of propylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, and dipropylene glycol mono n-butyl ether.Propylene glycol ethers are a class of solvents used in a wide array of industrial, commercial and consumer applications, such as in paints, cleaners and inks. A robust toxicity database exists for the propylene glycol ethers that provide strong product safety support. Standard toxicity studies conducted under good laboratory practices indicate a lack of genotoxic, developmental and reproductive hazards. Recent testing efforts have primarily focused in two areas: (1) examination of the chronic toxicity/oncogenicity potential of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) in rats and mice and (2) expansion of the developmental toxicity database to higher molecular weight P-series glycol ether derivatives (i.e. propylene glycol n-propyl ether (PGPE), Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) (PGBE) and dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether (DPGBE)). In PGME chronic toxicity/oncogenicity studies no treatment-related increases in the incidence of tumors occurred in either species. Like other previously tested P-series derivatives, PGPE, PGBE and DPGBE were negative in rodent and rabbit developmental toxicity studies. Collectively, the toxicity database for P-series glycol ether products continues to support the lack of significant health effects with proper use of the commercial products.This substance is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.This substance is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, inks and toners, plant protection products and cosmetics and personal care products.Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment). Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) glycol ether is a fast evaporating, hydrophobic solvent which is extensively used in heavy-duty cleaning formulations. It does an excellent job of solvating and coupling hydrophobic greases and oils in household as well as industrial formulations. It is partly water soluble and miscible with most organic solvents. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) glycol ether also provides excellent surface-tension lowering ability. In coatings Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) offers good coalescing ability in systems requiring fast evaporation.Uses for Propylene Glycol Butyl Ether:Coupling agent and solvent in household and industrial cleaners, grease and paint removers, metal cleaners, and hard surface cleaners.Effective coupling agent and efficient solvent for water-reducible coatings.Effective coalescent for lowering minimum film formation temperature (MFFT) in water-borne latex coatings.Active solvent for solvent-based coatings.Chemical intermediate for the production of epoxides, acid ester derivatives, solvents, and plasticizers.Effective coupling agent in waterbased agricultural formulations.Features of Propylene Glycol Butyl Ether.Excellent solvency.Good oil solubility.Effective surfactant properties.Excellent coupling ability.Good evaporation rate control.Greater formulating flexibility.Low viscosity.Wide range of applications.Low toxicity.Practical alternative to Butyl glycol.Colourless liquid. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) is mainly used as cleaning agent for heavy contaminant. It can dissolve coupling oil and grease efficiently and make itself suitable for the formula of household and industrial. Partially soluble in water, Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) can solubilize most solvent with the application as follows: ① as household and industrial cleanser, remover of grease and paint, coupling agent and solvent of metal and hard surface cleanser; ② as effective coupling agent and solvent of water-reducing coatings; ③ as effective coagulating agent of water-based emulsion paint; ④ as active solvent of solvent-based paint; ⑤ as chemical intermediate for ester, solvent and plasticizer manufacture.Application in coating: as one of the best film-forming auxiliaries of water-based paints, D Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) can be used as coagulant of acrylic resin, phenylethylene acrylic resin and polyvinyl acetate giving excellent performance to paint film.Application in cleanser: it is applicable to cleaning agents especially for those which require low volatile speed, such as wax remover and floor cleanser. As good coupling agent for lubricating grease and fat, D Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) can be applied as paint stripper and remover of animal fat.Other application: D Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) can also be used in agricultural products, cosmetics, electronic ink and textile.The alpha (secondary alcohol) form is kinetically favored during synthesis. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) is available as the isomeric mixture in which the alpha isomer is the predominant isomer (ca. 95%. DPnB, DPMA and TPM are commercially produced as mixtures of isomeric components in which the internal ether linkages may be adjacent to either primary or secondary carbon atoms. Thus, for DPMA and DPnB the commercially produced products may contain up to 4 such isomers. In the case of TPM, the commercially produced product may contain up to 8 such isomers. This category of propylene glycol ethers (PGEs) exhibits low acute toxicity by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes.Rat oral LD50s range from >3,000 mg/kg ( Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter)) to >5,000 mg/kg (DPMA). Dermal LD50s are all > 2,000 mg/kg ( Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter), & DPnB; where no deaths occurred), and ranging up to >15,000 mg/kg (TPM). Inhalation LC50 values were higher than 5,000 mg/m3 for DPMA (4-hour exposure), and TPM (1-hour exposure). For DPnB the 4-hour LC50 is >2,040 mg/m3. For Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter), the 4-hour LC50 was >651 ppm (>3,412 mg/m3), representing the highest practically attainable vapor level. No deaths occurred at these concentrations for any of the four new category members. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) and TPM are moderately irritating to eyes while the remaining category members are only slightly irritating to nonirritating. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) is moderately irritating to skin while the remaining category members are slightly to non-irritating.None of the category members are skin sensitizers. In repeated dose studies ranging in duration from 2 to 13 weeks, few adverse effects were found even at high exposure levels and effects that did occur were mild in nature. By the oral route of administration, NOAELs of 350 mg/kg-d ( Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) – 13 wk) and 450 mg/kg-d (D Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) – 13 wk) were observed for liver and kidney weight increases (without accompanying histopathology). LOAELs for these two chemicals were 1000 mg/kg-d (highest dose tested).Dermal repeated-dose toxicity tests have been performed for all of the category members but DPMA. For Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter), no effects were seen in a 13-wk study at doses as high as 1,000 mg/kg-d. A dose of 273 mg/kg-d constituted a LOAEL (increased organ weights without histopathology) in a 13-week dermal study for D Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter). For TPM, increased kidney weights (no histopathology) and transiently decreased body weights were found at a dose of 2,895 mg/kg-d in a 90-day study in rabbits. By inhalation, no effects were observed in 2-week studies in rats at the highest tested concentrations of 3244 mg/m3 (600 ppm) for Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) and 2,010 mg/m3 (260 ppm) for D Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter). TPM caused increased liver weights without histopathology by inhalation in a 2-week study at a LOAEL of 360 mg/m3 (43 ppm). In this study, the highest tested TPM concentration, 1010 mg/m3 (120 ppm), also caused increased liver weights without accompanying histopathology. Although no repeated-dose studies are available for the oral route for TPM, or for any route for DPMA, it is anticipated that these chemicals would behave similarly to other category members. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) (PnB): Because of high solvency, oil solubility, surfactant, and coupling properties, and due to good evaporation rate control, high formulating flexibility, low viscosity, as well as low toxicity, PnB may be used as a coupling agent and solvent in domestic and commercial cleaning solutions such as degreasers, paint removers, metal cleaners, and hard surface cleaners. These characteristics also allow PnB to be used as a coupling agent in water-based agricultural formulations, facilitating the homogenous blending of ingredients with diverse solubility characteristics. Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) is also used as a coalescent for lowering minimum film formulation temperature (MFFT) in water-borne latex coatings and as a chemical intermediate for the production of epoxides, acid ester derivatives, solvents, and plasticizers. Regarding skin and eye irritation, the dataset summarized in Table 8 is complete for the category.Some of the chemicals may be moderately irritating to eyes. All but Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) are slightly or nonirritating to skin. Undiluted Propylene glycol monobutyl ether (Propilen glikol monobütil eter) may be moderately irritating to skin. The acetates show either no or moderate potential for irritation to either eyes or skin. Propylene glycol n-butyl ether (PnB) was applied daily (5 days/week) for 13 weeks to the skin of four groups of New Zealand White rabbits (5/sex/dose level) at various dilutions in a 50/50 v/v mixture of ethanol and water (vehicle), equivalent to volumetric PnB doses of 0 (vehicle-only), 11.4, 114,or 1140 µl/kg-day (total dose volume of 2 ml/kg-day). These doses corresponded to dilutions of 0, 0.569%, 5.69, or 56.9% (w/v) of PnB in the treatment solution. When adjusted for the density of PnB, the volumetric doses equate to mass doses of 0, 1, 100, or 1000 mg PnB/kg-day.Treatment solutions were applied to the clipped dorsal trunk of each rabbit.Rabbits wore collars to prevent grooming and ingestion of test material.Solutions were applied unoccluded since the low vapor pressure of PnB was assumed to precluded evaporative loss. Propylene glycol n-butyl ether did not cause claustogenic damage to nuclear material in rat hepatocytes at any dose level, with or without metabolic activation.The alpha (secondary alcohol) form is kinetically favored during synthesis. PnB is available as the isomeric mixture in which the alpha isomer is the predominant isomer (ca. 95%. DPnB, DPMA and TPM are commercially produced as mixtures of isomeric components in which the internal ether linkages may be adjacent to either primary or secondary carbon atoms. Thus, for DPMA and DPnB the commercially produced products may contain up to 4 such isomers. In the case of TPM, the commercially produced product may contain up to 8 such isomers. This category of propylene glycol ethers (PGEs) exhibits low acute toxicity by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes. Rat oral LD50s range from >3,000 mg/kg (PnB) to >5,000 mg/kg (DPMA). Dermal LD50s are all > 2,000 mg/kg (PnB, & DPnB; where no deaths occurred), and ranging up to >15,000 mg/kg (TPM). Inhalation LC50 values were higher than 5,000 mg/m3 for DPMA (4-hour exposure), and TPM (1-hour exposure). For DPnB the 4-hour LC50 is >2,040 mg/m3. For PnB, the 4-hour LC50 was >651 ppm (>3,412 mg/m3 ), representing the highest practically attainable vapor level. No deaths occurred at these concentrations for any of the four new category members. PnB and TPM are moderately irritating to eyes while the remaining category members are only slightly irritating to nonirritating. PnB is moderately irritating to skin while the remaining category members are slightly to non-irritating. None of the category members are skin sensitizers. In repeated dose studies ranging in duration from 2 to 13 weeks, few adverse effects were found even at high exposure levels and effects that did occur were mild in nature. By the oral route of administration, NOAELs of 350 mg/kg-d (PnB – 13 wk) and 450 mg/kg-d (DPnB – 13 wk) were observed for liver and kidney weight increases(without accompanying histopathology). LOAELs for these two chemicals were 1000 mg/kg-d (highest dose tested).Dermal repeated-dose toxicity tests have been performed for all of the category members but DPMA. For PnB, no effects were seen in a 13-wk study at doses as high as 1,000 mg/kg-d. A dose of 273 mg/kg-d constituted a LOAEL (increased organ weights without histopathology) in a 13-week dermal study for DPnB. For TPM, increased kidney weights (no histopathology) and transiently decreased body weights were found at a dose of 2,895 mg/kg-d in a 90- day study in rabbits. By inhalation, no effects were observed in 2-week studies in rats at the highest tested concentrations of 3244 mg/m3 (600 ppm) for PnB and 2,010 mg/m3 (260 ppm) for DPnB. TPM caused increased liver weights without histopathology by inhalation in a 2-week study at a LOAEL of 360 mg/m3 (43 ppm). In this study, the highest tested TPM concentration, 1010 mg/m3 (120 ppm), also caused increased liver weights without accompanying histopathology. Although no repeated-dose studies are available for the oral route for TPM, or for any route for DPMA, it is anticipated that these chemicals would behave similarly to other category members. One and two-generation reproductive toxicity testing has been conducted in mice, rats, and rabbits via the oral or inhalation routes of exposure on PM and PMA. In an inhalation rat study using PM, the NOAEL for parental toxicity is 300 ppm (1106 mg/m3) with decreases in body and organ weights occurring at the LOAEL of 1000 ppm (3686mg/m3). For offspring toxicity the NOAEL is 1000 ppm (3686 mg/m3), with decreased body weights occurring at 3000 ppm (11058 mg/m3). For PMA, the NOAEL for parental and offspring toxicity is 1000 mg/kg/d. in a twogeneration gavage study in rats. No adverse effects were found on reproductive organs, fertility rates, or other indices commonly monitored in such studies. In addition, there is no evidence from histopathological data from repeated-dose studies for the category members that would indicate that these chemicals would pose a reproductive hazard to human health.The Propylene Glycol Ethers Category consists of four new members: propylene glycol n-butyl ether, or PnB (CAS No. 5131-66-8); dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, or DPnB (CAS No. 29911- 28-2); dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, or DPMA (CAS No. 88917-22-0); and tripropylene glycol methyl ether, or TPM (CAS No. 25498-49-1 and 20324-33-8). These chemicals form a category based on similar structural, physicochemical, and toxicological properties. Propylene glycol ethers may appear in two isomeric forms. The predominant form consists of a secondary alcohol (also sometimes referred to as the alpha isomer) and a minor form (the beta isomer), consisting of a primary alcohol. This distinction has toxicological significance as will be discussed later. Three glycol ethers used to support the category and are also part of the category are: propylene glycol methyl ether, or PM (CAS No. 107-98-2); propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, or PMA (CAS No. 108-65-6); and dipropylene glycol methyl ether, or DPM (CAS No. 34590-94-8). Data from these are used to fill data gaps of category members. These glycol ethers are considered as category members due to their structural and toxicological similarities. These three chemicals were evaluated at SIAM 11 and 12 and found to be low priority for further testing. The details and references for each study selected are given in the robust summary/dossier sets for each category member. There are some inconsistencies in how chemicals are reported throughout the world and what CAS numbers are used. It should be noted that in the original IUCLID dossiers, some studies that were conducted using the commercial mixtures had incorrectly used CAS numbers that are specific to the alpha isomer. However, testing was usually carried out on the commercially produced products that were nominated as HPV chemicals, all of which are mixtures containing at least a minimal amount of beta isomer (usually less than 5%); rarely, when noted in the IUCLID, the study may have been conducted on a more purified form of either the alpha or beta isomer. Unless specifically stated in the dossiers, the purified beta isomer was not tested. Please see Annex I for a more detailed discussion of these issues. Where n = 1, 2, or 3 and R = alkyl (methyl or n-butyl). In addition, in the case of the acetates, DPMA and PMA, an acetate moiety is substituted for the hydrogen atom on the free hydroxyl group. Under physiological conditions, this acetate moiety is easily separated from the oxygen atom of the alcohol by the process of hydrolysis to yield the parent ether and acetic acid. Structures of the individual isomers are shown in Annex I along with their Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) numbers. Annex I also explains the nature of the mixtures of isomers more completely and shows the molecular structures of the predominant isomers, illustrating their close structural similarity. The reader is advised to read Annex I for questions regarding the chemical nature of propylene glycol ethers. With regard to the category member, dipropylene glycol ether acetate (DPMA), research on the close structural analogue, monopropylene glycol ether acetate (PMA), by Domoradzki (2001) as cited in Corley et al. (2003), showed that this PGE acetate is hydrolyzed to its parent ether in vivo with a half-life of 1.6 to 3.4 minutes. These researchers showed that the pharmacokinetics of PMA were indistinguishable from PM when PMA was infused intravenously. Hydrolysis is attributed to naturally occurring esterases present in blood and other tissues. In an older study, Miller et al., (1984) showed that the metabolism and disposition of PMA in male Fischer 344 rats was practically indistinguishable from PM. Hoffmann and Jackh (1985) showed that the beta isomer of PMA hydrolyzed in vitro to the free ether in rat plasma with a half-life of 0.64 minutes. Thus, it is appropriate to include the acetate in this category of chemicals due to its rapid conversion to its parent ether and nearly identical toxicity. Note that all of the monopropylene glycol ethers may exist in two isomeric forms, alpha or beta.The alpha form, which is thermodynamically favored during synthesis, consists of a secondary alcohol configuration. The beta form consists of a primary alcohol. The two isomeric forms are shown above. The di- and tripropylene glycol ethers may form up to 4 and 8 isomeric forms, respectively. Even so, all isomers exhibit either the “alpha” or “beta” configuration, existing as secondary or primary alcohols, respectively. The distribution of isomeric forms for the di- and tripropylene glycols, as with the mono-PGEs, also results in predominantly the alpha form (i.e., a secondary alcohol). It should be noted that only the alpha isomer and isomeric mixtures (consisting predominantly of the alpha isomer) are produced commercially; the purified beta isomer is not produced at this time. Testing of a wide variety of propylene glycol ethers has shown that propylene glycol-based ethers are less toxic than some ethers of the ethylene series. The common toxicities associated with the lower molecular weight homologues of the ethylene series, such as adverse effects on reproductive organs, the developing embryo and fetus, blood (hemolytic effects), or thymus, are not seen with the commercial-grade propylene glycol ethers. In the ethylene series, metabolism of the terminal hydroxyl group produces an alkoxyacetic acid (Patty’s Toxicology, 5th Ed., 2001). Thereproductive and developmental toxicities of the lower molecular weight homologues in the ethylene series are due specifically to the formation of methoxyacetic and ethoxyacetic acids.Longer chain length homologues in the ethylene series are not associated with the reproductive toxicity but can cause hemolysis in sensitive species, also through formation of an alkoxyacetic acid. The predominant alpha isomer of all the propylene glycol ethers (thermodynamically favored during manufacture of PGEs) is a secondary alcohol incapable of forming an alkoxy propionic acid.This alpha isomer comprises greater than 95% of the isomeric mixture in the commercial product.Because the alpha isomer cannot form an alkoxypropionic acid, this is the most likely reason for the lack of toxicity shown by the propylene glycol ethers as distinct from the lower molecular weight ethylene glycol ethers. More importantly, however, very extensive empirical test data show thatthis class of commercial-grade glycol ether presents a low toxicity hazard. Propylene glycol ethers,whether mono, di- or tripropylene glycol-based (and no matter what the alcohol group), show a verysimilar pattern of low to non-detectable toxicity of any type at doses or exposure levels greatlyexceeding those showing pronounced effects from the ethylene series. One of the primary metabolites of the propylene glycol ethers is propylene glycol, which is of low toxicity and completely metabolized in the body.

1-Methoxy-2-propanol; PGME; 1-Methoxypropan-2-ol; polypropylene glycol methyl ether; propylene glycol 1-methyl ether; PM; (+/-)-1-methoxy-2-propanol; 1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane; Methoxy Propanol; 2-Methoxy- 1 -Methyl Ethanol; cas no: 107-98-2

propan-2-ol, 1-butoxy-; 1-Butoxy-2-propanol; n-Butoxypropanol CAS NO:5131-66-8

Propylheptyl caprylate; 2-propylheptyl Octanoate; 2-Propylheptyl caprylate; 868839-23-0; Cetiol Sensoft cas no: 868839-23-0

CAS No: 5131-66-8
EC Number: 225-878-4
Molecular Weight: 132.20 g/mol

DESCRIPTION:
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is a green senior solvent, widely used in coatings, cleaning agents, inks, leather, etc.
Because of low toxicity and pleasant smell, Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is a promising environmentally friendly solvents.
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is highly safe in industrial / household detergent formulations.
As the HLB value is in the middle of water / oil, there is great room for growth in paint / ink / detergent formulations.

Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is a clear, colorless having a mild characteristic odor.
The principal end uses of Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether are industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, printing inks, paints and coatings

Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether glycol ether is a fast evaporating, hydrophobic solvent which is extensively used in heavy-duty cleaning formulations.
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether does an excellent job of solvating and coupling hydrophobic greases and oils in household as well as industrial formulations.

Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is partly water soluble and miscible with most organic solvents.
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether glycol ether also provides excellent surface-tension lowering ability.
In coatings Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether offers good coalescing ability in systems requiring fast evaporation

Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is a solvent that can be found in common household kitchen cleaners.
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used as a cleaning agent that helps dissolve grease and soil from surfaces.

Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether possesses an ether-like odor and is composed of a colorless liquid.
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether evaporates rapidly, and is not water soluble.
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is primary application is in heavy-duty cleaning formulations, but Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is also used as a solvent, chemical intermediate, coalescing agent, and as a coupling agent.
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is also readily biodegradable and unlikely to accumulate in the food chain, as well as practically non-toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms.

However, Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is highly combustible as both a liquid and in vapor form, though Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is stable under recommended storage conditions.
Additionally, Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is incompatible with most strong acids, strong bases, and strong oxidizers, and any contact with these substances should be avoided.
Eye or skin contact with Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether may cause moderate irritation, and in the case of eye contact can cause slight corneal injury.
However, prolonged contact with skin is unlikely to cause any significant or harmful absorption.







CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:

CAS No: 5131-66-8
purity %: ≥99.5
Molecular formula: C7H16O2
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Boiling point ℃: 171.1
Density (g/cm3): 0.879
Flash point ℃: 68
Acid value mgKOH/g: ＜0.10
Color(Pt-Co）: ≤20
Water content %: ＜0.10
Assay: ≥99%
Composition: (mixture of isomers)
refractive index: n20/D 1.416 (lit.)
bp: 165-175 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.885 g/mL at 25 °C
Molecular Weight: 132.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C7H16O2
Appearance: Colorless
Freezing Point: -85°C (-121°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup: 68.9°C (156°F)
Boiling Point @ 760mmHg :171°C (340°F)
Autoignition Temperature :260°C (500°F)
Density @ 20°C :
0.879 kg/l
7.34 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure @ 25°C: 1.1 mmHg
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1) :0.09
Solubility @ 20°C (in Water) :5.5 wt%
Refractive Index @ 25°C: 1.420
Viscosity @ 25°C: 3.9 cP
Surface Tension @ 25°C :27 mN/m
Lower Flammability in Air :1.1% v/v
Upper Flammability in Air: 9.0% v/v
Specific Heat @ 25°C: 1.98 J/g/°C
Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point:320 J/g
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C :31.4 kJ/g
Formula:C4H9OCH2CH(CH3)OH
CAS No: 5131-66-8
Molar mass: 132.2 g mol
Density: 0.878 g/cm, liquid
Boiling Point: 171 C
Flash Point: 63 C
Autoignition Temperature: 260 C
Viscosity: 3.1 cP at 25 C
Solubility in water: 5.5g per 100g
Other Names: Dowanol PnB, Propylene glycol normal butyl ether,
Vapor Pressure: 0.444000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 130.00 °F. TCC ( 54.50 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.187 (est)

FEATURES OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether has Excellent solubility and good oil solubility;
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether has Excellent surface and coupling properties;
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether has Low viscosity, low odor, low toxicity.

APPLICATIONS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:
Coating: Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether can be used as a solvent-based coating solvent, or water-based cosolvent, excellent performance on film smooth, adhesion
Ink: Can changed formulas to water-soluble one to meet the environmental requirements : reduce the toxicity, improve the operating environment and product quanlity
Dye: To replace alcoholic series solvents, as a good coupling agent;

Cleaner: Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether can be prepared as concentrated cleaning agents with excellent performance
Brake fluid: main components ,the max proportion 40%
Others: Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether can also be used for colorful paint, photographic glue, PS plate cleaning, printing, electronic chemicals, jet fuel additive (waterproofing agent), extractant and high boiling point solvent.
Household and industrial cleaning of coupling agents and solvents, paint remover, cleaning agents.





USES OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is used in surface coatings, leather, pesticides, electrical, industrial cleaners, resins, and printing inks
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is Used as a coupling agent and solvent (degreasers, paint removers, metal cleaners, and hard surface cleaners), coalescent (latex coatings), coupling agent (water-based agricultural formulations), and chemical intermediate (epoxides, acid ester derivatives, solvents, and plasticizers)

Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is Used as Coupling agent and solvent in household and industrial cleaners, grease and paint removers, metal cleaners, and hard surface cleaners.
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is Used as Effective coupling agent and efficient solvent for water-reducible coatings.

Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is Used as Effective coalescent for lowering minimum film formation temperature (MFFT) in water-borne latex coatings.
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is Used as Active solvent for solvent-based coatings.
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is Used as Chemical intermediate for the production of epoxides, acid ester derivatives, solvents, and plasticizers.
Propylene Glycol N-Butyl Ether is Used as Effective coupling agent in water based agricultural formulations.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.













SYNONYMS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER:
Butoxypropanol
1,2-Propylene glycol 1-monobutyl ether
1-Butoxy-2-propanol
2-Hydroxy-3-butoxypropane
Propasol solvent B
Propylene glycol monobutyl ether
n-Butoxy-2-propanol
n-Butoxypropanol
1-Butoxypropan-2-ol
2-Propanol, 1-butoxy-
PnB
Dowanol PNB glycol ether
PGBE
1,2-Propylene Glycol 1-Monobutyl Ether
1-Butoxy-2-Propanol
1-Butoxypropan-2-ol
2-Propanol, 1-Butoxy-
3-Butoxypropan-2-ol
Butoxyisopropanol
Éter Monobutil del Propilenglicol (Spanish)
Éther n-Butylique du Propylène Glycol (French)
Propylene Glycol Butyl Ether (IFRA)
Propylene Glycol Butyl Ether (INCI)
Propylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
Propylene Glycol n-Butyl Ether

CAS Number: 1569-01-3
EC no:250-069-8
Molecular Weight: 118.17
Substance name:Propylene glycol N-propyl ether
Trade name:Propylene glycol N-propyl ether


DESCRIPTION:
Propylene Glycol N-Propyl Ether is a clear, colorless having a mild characteristic odor.
The principal end uses of Propylene Glycol N-Propyl Ether are industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, printing inks, paints and coatings.

Propylene Glycol n-Propyl Ether (PnP) is a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor.
Propylene Glycol n-Propyl Ether evaporates quickly and is completely soluble (mixes easily) in water.
Propylene Glycol n-Propyl Ether is a propylene oxide-based, or Pseries, glycol ether.
Propylene Glycol n-Propyl Ether is commercially available as a mix of two isomers.
1-Propoxy-2-propanol is the major isomer comprising at least 95% of the mixture, while 2-n-propoxy-1-propanol makes up the remaining 5%.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-PROPYL ETHER:
Assay: ≥98.5%
refractive index: n20/D 1.411 (lit.)
bp: 140-160 °C (lit.)
density: 0.885 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Molecular Weight: 118.17 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H14O2
Appearance: Colorless
Freezing Point: -70°C (-94°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup: 46°C (115°F)
Boiling Point @ 760mmHg: 149°C (300°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 252°C (486°F)
Density @ 20°C:
0.885 kg/l
7.38 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure @ 25°C: 2.9 mmHg
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1): 0.22
Solubility @ 20°C (in Water): Complete
Refractive Index @ 25°C: 1.410
Viscosity @ 25°C :2.7 cP
Surface Tension @ 25°C :27 mN/m
Lower Flammability in Air: 1.3% v/v
Upper Flammability in Air: 10.6% v/v
Specific Heat @ 25°C: 1.98 J/g/°C
Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point: 369 J/g
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C :30 kJ/g
Molecular weight: 118.17
EINECS : 216-372-4
Henry's Law Constant: 3.46E-08 atm-m3/mole
Melting Point: -8.00E+01 ° C
log P (octanol-water): 0.490
Boiling Point: 150 ° C
Vapor Pressure: 1.7 mm Hg
Water solubility : 1.00E+06 mg/L
Atmospheric OH Rate Constant 2.54E-11 cm3/molecule-sec
Flash Point: 119 °F
Density: 0.885 g/mL at 25 °C
Refractive Index: 1.411
Boiling Point: 140-160 °C
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 150.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 1.700000 mmHg @ 20.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 123.00 °F. TCC ( 50.40 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 0.677 (est)






SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-PROPYL ETHER
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.


SYNONYMS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-PROPYL ETHER:
Propylene glycol monopropyl ether
1-Propoxy-2-propanol
1-Propoxypropan-2-ol
1,2-Propandiol --1-propoxypropan (1:1)
1,2-Propanediol - 1-propoxypropane (1:1)
1,2-Propanediol - 1-propoxypropane (1:1)
1,2-Propanediol, compd. with 1,1'-oxybis
PROPYLENE GLYCOL N-PROPYL ETHER
Propylene glycol propyl ether

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether
CAS Number: 770-35-4
Other Cas Numbers:
4169-04-4 (minor isomer – Primary Alcohol)
41593-38-8 (commercial mixed isomer product)
Molecular Formula: C9H12O2



APPLICATIONS


Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether has been used as an additive to saline to induce anesthetic effect on the peripheral tissues isolated from Biomphalaria alexandrina prior to fixation.

According to the Chemical Economics Handbook (SRI International, 2000), in 1999, total worldwide production of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether was approximately 810 million pounds (368.2 thousand tonnes).
The United States accounted for 285 million pounds (129.5 thousand tonnes) of these, Europe 472 million pounds (214.5 thousand tonnes), and Japan 53 million pounds (24 thousand tonnes).


Uses of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether:

Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances
Carpet-cleaning products that may be used directly (or require dilution), includes solutions that may be used by hand or in mechanical carpet cleaners
Cleaning products for general household cleaning, which do not fit into a more refined category
Heavy duty hard surface cleaning products that may require dilution prior to use (i.e., may be concentrated)
Materials used for construction (e.g. flooring, tile, sinks, bathtubs, mirrors, wall materials/drywall, wall-to-wall carpets, insulation, playground surfaces); includes semi-permanent fixtures such as faucets and light fixtures
Solvent- or detergent-based products for removing adhesives from surfaces
Adhesives specifically designated for gluing wooden surfaces together
Products for removing grease and other hydrophobic materials from hard surfaces
Paint or stain related products that do not fit into a more refined category
Home improvement paints, excluding or not specified as oil-, solvent-, or water-based paints
Carpet and upholstery cleaners for pet stains
preservative
solubilizer
solvent


Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products.
Furthermore, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used as a solvent for paints, coatings, films, textile dyes and printing pastes, inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads, and paint removers, as a coalescent in water-based coatings and adhesives, and in cosmetics and soaps (possesses antibacterial properties).

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used extensively in dyeing applications, where it can function as both a dye solubilizer and as a dye carrier.
Moreover, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is latex coalescent in water-based architectural and industrial coatings.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is solvent for inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads, and textile printing pastes.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used in paint removers.
Besides, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is coalescent for latex adhesives.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is useful in the formulation of homogeneous, stable metalworking fluids.


Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether can be used in different industries such as:

Adhesives & Sealants
Coatings & Paints
Personal Care & Cosmetics
Construction & Building Materials
Household & Industrial Cleaning


Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is also permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products.
In addition, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used as a solvent for paints, coatings, films, textile dyes and printing pastes, inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads, and paint removers, as a coalescent in water-based coatings and adhesives, and in cosmetics and soaps (possesses antibacterial properties).

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a useful synthetic intermediate.
Additionally, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used in the preparation of acyl aryl thiocarbamates as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is an intermediate of phenoxybenzylamine (phenoxybenzamine).

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is nontoxic and environmental and has remarkable impacts on reducing the VOC of the coatings.
More to that, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a strong solvent for alkyd resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, etc.

Because of high boiling point, good miscibility, moderate evaporation rate, good coalescing and coupling ability, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether can provide excellent flow and leveling, luster, while helping prevent coating defects such as pinholing, orange peel, cracking and popping.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether can substitute for isophorone, anone, dibasic ester, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol ether, other propylene glycol ether, etc.
On the same condition, such as luster, fluidity, color-folding properties, cleaning resistance, etc, the usage of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is decreased to 30~50% as compared with common film-forming auxiliaries.

Because of excellent coalescing ability, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether can make the comprehensive film-forming efficiency increase 1.5~2 fold and remarkably reduce the production cost, PPH is added 3.5~5% in most of emulsions and minimum film-forming temperature (MMFT) can reach to -1ºC.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is widely used in top-grade automobile coatings, automobile repair coatings, electrophoresis coatings, shipping and container coatings, architecture coatings, furniture coatings.
More to that, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is also used as protective agent in printing ink, paint remover, adhesives, insulated materials, cleaning agent, perfumes for soap and cosmetics, coupling agent for dissolving of dye.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is high-boiling solvent, bacterial agent, fixative for soaps and perfumes, intermediate for plasticizers.

A major use of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is as a solvent that facilitates the mixing of aqueous and organic constituents in paints, coatings, and films.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used as a latex coalescent in water-based architectural and industrial coatings and adhesives, a carrier solvent for textile dyes, a solvent for inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads, and textile printing pastes, and paint remover.
Due to its antibacterial properties, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether also is used in cosmetics and soaps.


Industrial and Consumer Uses:

Anti-adhesive/cohesive
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Anti-adhesive/cohesive
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Solvent


Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is just one of a series of commercial propylene glycol ethers.
In 1999, 16 million pounds (7.3 thousand tonnes) of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether was manufactured in the U.S. by a single producer.
Estimated 2004 production in the U.S. for Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether was 18 million pounds (8.2 thousand tonnes).
Exposure limits have not been established for Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether.

Protective gloves will minimize dermal absorption when prolonged skin exposure is anticipated.
Proper ventilation or wearing of respiratory protection will minimize inhalation exposures.

The primary use of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is as a solvent that facilitates the mixing of aqueous and organic constituents in paints, coatings, and films.
P
ropylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used as a latex coalescent in water-based architectural and industrial coatings and adhesives, a carrier solvent for textile dyes, a solvent for inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads, and textile printing pastes, and a paint remover.
Due to its antibacterial properties, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether also is used in cosmetics and soaps.

The most significant exposure potential is by inhalation and dermal contact during application of paints and coatings, or application of materials for which Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a carrier.
The types of products in which Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is used (and their percents of production), and the approximate concentrations of

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is commonly used in various dyeing applications, as a dye solubilizer and a dye carrier.
Furthermore, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is often used as a carrier solvent for textile dyes and as a solvent for inks in felt tip and ball point pens as well as in stamp pads and textile printing pastes.

In the coating industry Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether finds use as a coalescent for latex adhesives and as a latex coalescent in water based coatings.
Other applications include paint removers and metal working fluids as a useful ingredient when formulating homogeneous and stable metalworking fluids.


Applications of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether:

Latex coalescent in water-based architectural and industrial coatings.
Carrier solvent for textile dyes.
Solvent for inks in ball point and felt tip pens, stamp pads, and textile printing pastes.
Paint removers.
Coalescent for latex adhesives.
Useful in the formulation of homogeneous, stable metalworking fluids.


Spesific Applications of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether:

Polymer auxiliaries
Dyestuffs, pigments and optical brighteners
Manufacturing of dyestuffs
Manufacturing of pharmaceutical agents
Pharmaceutical industry / Biotechnology
Plastic- and Rubberpolymers
Chemical synthesis
Chemical Industry
Manufacturing of rubber, latex
Rubber,latex
Specialities
Organic solvent
Solvents for polymeres
Technical liquids



DESCRIPTION


Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether can be synthesized by reacting propylene oxide with phenol in the presence of Al2O3-MgO/Fe3O4 catalyst.
The influence of its anesthetic property on gastropods has been analyzed.
Its degradation by microorganisms in different soil types has been investigated.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a slow-evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether ideal in coalescing and carrier solvent applications.
Moreover, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a slow evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether — more hydrophobic than would be expected based simply on its molecular weight.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether has low odor.

With its aromatic structure, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is an excellent match for phenolic coatings and linings.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is also an excellent coalescent for acrylic-based latexes.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is also used extensively in dyeing applications, where it can function as both a dye solubilizer and as a dye carrier.
Besides, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether has superior viscosity reduction properties in metalworking fluids.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a slow-evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether ideal in coalescing and carrier solvent applications.
In addition, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is a slow evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether — more hydrophobic than would be expected based smolecular weight.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether has low odor.

With its aromatic structure, Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is an excellent match for phenolic coatings and linings; phenoxyproexcellent coalescent for acrylic-based latexes.
Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether is also used extensively in dyeing applications, where it can function as both a dye solubilizer and as a dye.

Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether has superior viscosity reduction properties in metalworking fluids.
The most likely routes of human exposure to Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether are via inhalation or dermal contact.

While exposure may occur during manufacture or processing, greater exposure potential exists for commercial workers and other consumers when coatings are applied to surfaces or liquid products containing Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether are otherwise used.

Exposure during manufacture is limited by the use of enclosed equipment, necessitated by the hazardous properties of the reactant propylene oxide. Bulk storage, handling and transport of product further limit exposure potential.
Processors use enclosed equipment for the formulation of products containing Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether.

Worker exposure is more likely to occur while applying coating products containing Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether to various surfaces.
Dermal contact and inhalation exposure are expected exposure routes.

Individuals applying paint or other PGE-containing coatings may be exposed to Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether.
Dermal contact through minor spills or accidental contact is a source of exposure, as is inhalation from aerosol or vapor generated during application or usage.

General population exposure also is possible through inhalation of ambient air containing low concentrations of Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether that may be released from industrial processes or through evaporation of coatings or other products containing them.
Ingestion of drinking water containing Propylene Glycol Phenyl Ether as a contaminant also is possible.



PROPERTIES


assay: ≥93%
impurities: <7% di(propylene glycol) phenyl ether
refractive index: n20/D 1.523 (lit.)
bp: 243 °C (lit.)
solubility:
water: soluble 198 g/L at 20 °C
density: 1.064 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
InChI: 1S/C9H12O2/c1-8(10)7-11-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,8,10H,7H2,1H3
Physical state clear: liquid
Color: light yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 11 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 243 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Lower explosion limit: 0,8 %(V)
Flash point: 113 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 480 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: 21,4 mm2/s
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 15,1 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water
log Pow: 1,41
Vapor pressure: 0,01 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,064 g/cm3 at 20 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Molecular Weight: 152.19
XLogP3: 1.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 152.083729621
Monoisotopic Mass: 152.083729621
Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 97.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID


General advice:

Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.


If inhaled:

After inhalation:

Fresh air.


In case of skin contact:

In case of skin contact:

Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.


In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:

Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.


If swallowed:

After swallowing:
immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.


Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:

The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling and/or in section 11


Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:

No data available



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Storage:

Store in a tightly closed container.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
Store in dry, cool, well-ventilated areas away incompatible materials, food and drink.

Transfer only to approved containers having correct labeling.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.

Protect containers against physical damage.
Containers that have been opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent spillage.

Containers are hazardous when empty as they contain product residues.
Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination.

Ventilate closed areas.
Do not take internally.
Keep out of reach of children.

Handling


Keep away from naked flames/heat.
Finely divided: keep away from ignition sources/sparks.

Carry operations in the open/under local exhaust/ventilation or with respiratory protection.
Comply with the legal requirements.
Clean contaminated clothing.
Handle and open the container with care.
Thoroughly clean/dry the installation before use.
Keep container tightly closed.

Before use: check for peroxides and eliminate them.


Hygiene measures:

Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
Always wash hands after handling the product.

Wash thoroughly after handling.
Minimize dust generation and accumulation.

Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation.
Use with adequate ventilation.


Personal protective equipment:

Eye/face protection:

Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Safety glasses


Skin protection:

Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.

Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.

Wash and dry hands.
The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of Regulation (EU) 2016/425 and the standard EN 374 derived from it.

Full contact:

Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,3 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Splash contact:

Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 30 min


If used in solution, or mixed with other substances, and under conditions which differ from EN 374, contact the supplier of the EC approved gloves. This recommendation is advisory only and must be evaluated by an industrial hygienist and safety officer familiar with the specific situation of anticipated use by our customers.
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:

Protective clothing
Respiratory protection required when vapours/aerosols are generated.

Our recommendations on filtering respiratory protection are based on the following standards: DIN EN 143, DIN 14387 and other accompanying standards relating to the used respiratory protection system.

The entrepeneur has to ensure that maintenance, cleaning and testing of respiratory protective devices are carried out according to the instructions of the producer.
These measures have to be properly documented.

Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



SYNONYMS


1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol
770-35-4
Phenoxyisopropanol
2-Propanol, 1-phenoxy-
Propylene phenoxetol
130879-97-9
2-Phenoxy-1-methylethanol
Propylene glycol phenyl ether
1-phenoxy-propan-2-ol
87CZY0NY1A
Phenyl-.beta.-hydroxypropyl ether
(S)-1-Phenoxy-2-Propanol
NSC-24015
NCGC00164375-01
DSSTox_CID_7312
DSSTox_RID_78402
DSSTox_GSID_27312
Propylene phenoxytol
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
CAS-770-35-4
beta-Phenoxyisopropanol
EINECS 212-222-7
NSC 24015
UNII-87CZY0NY1A
racemic-1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
(+-)-1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
AI3-14682
HSDB 8185
Propylenephenoxythol
3-phenoxy-2-propanol
2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropane
EC 212-222-7
SCHEMBL50453
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, tech.
benzyl?piperazine-1-carboxylate
(+/-)-1-phenoxy-2-propanol
CHEMBL1327532
DTXSID9027312
PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [INCI]
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, >=93%
PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [MART.]
1-PHENOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPANE
PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [WHO-DD]
NSC24015
phenoxy-propan-2-ol (mixed isomer)
Propylene Glycol 1-Monophenyl Ether
Tox21_112108
Tox21_201710
Tox21_303078
MFCD00016861
AKOS000120974
AKOS017278201
Tox21_112108_1
CS-W001255
NCGC00164375-02
NCGC00164375-03
NCGC00256986-01
NCGC00259259-01
AS-57392
FT-0608212
P0118
EN300-20169
D77637
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, technical, >=80% (GC)
A806159
A838947
SR-01000944764
TRIMETHYLOLETHANETRI-(3-MERCAPTOPROPIONATE)
SR-01000944764-1
Q20054546
2-Phenoxypropanol
Propanediol phenyl ether
4169-04-4
2-Phenoxy-1-propanol
2-phenoxypropan-1-ol
1-PROPANOL, 2-PHENOXY-
2-Phenoxypropyl alcohol
Dowanol PPH glycol ether
EINECS 224-027-4
BRN 2085744
(-)-2-Phenoxypropanol
ACMC-1ANO7
DSSTox_CID_9665
DSSTox_RID_78801
DSSTox_GSID_29665
SCHEMBL120055
CHEMBL3186734
DTXSID7029665
Propylene Glycol 2-Monophenyl Ether
Tox21_200782
ANW-13875
MFCD00142958
ACN-049183
NCGC00248831-01
NCGC00258336-01
AS-47960
Propylene glycol phenyl ether
2-Propanol, 1-phenoxy
1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol
2-Hydroxypropyl-phenyl ether
1phenoxyisopropanol
1-phenyl isopropyl alcohol
Phenoxypropanol
1-phenoxy-2-propanol
Phenyl-beta-hydroxypropyl ether
POP
Propylene glycol monophenyl ether
DOWANOL PPh Glycol Ether
2-Hydroxypropyl-phenylether
1-Phenoxyisopropanol
1-Phenoxyisopropylalcohol
Phenoxypropanol
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
Phenyl-beta-hydroxypropylether
POP
Propyleneglycolmonophenylether
1-Propanol, 2-phenoxy- [ACD/Index Name]
224-027-4 [EINECS]
2-Phenoxy-1-propanol [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Phenoxy-1-propanol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Phénoxy-1-propanol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Phenoxypropan-1-ol
2-Phenoxypropanol
4169-04-4 [RN]
(R)-2-PHENOXYPROPAN-1-OL
(S)-2-PHENOXYPROPAN-1-OL
[4169-04-4]
04.04.4169
2-PHENOXY PROPANOL
2-Phenoxypropyl alcohol
4-06-00-00582 [Beilstein]
64658-22-6 [RN]
87860-35-3 [RN]
Dowanol PPH glycol ether
MFCD00142958
Propylene glycol phenyl ether
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
1-phenoxypropan-2-ol
1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol
1-phenoxypropan-2-ol
2-Phenoxy-1-methylethanol
2-Propanol, 1-phenoxy-
beta-Phenoxyisopropanol
Dowanol PPH glycol ether
Phenoxyisopropanol
PPH
Propylene glycol phenyl ether
Propylene phenoxetol
racemic-1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
1-(phenoxy)propan-2-ol
1-fenoxypropane-2-ol
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
1-phenoxy-propan-2-ol
1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol
1-phenoxypropan-2-ol
.beta.-Phenoxyisopropanol
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
2-Phenoxy-1-methylethanol
2-Propanol, 1-phenoxy- (6CI, 7CI, 8CI, 9CI)
DOWANOL PPH Glycol Ether
MARLOWET PPO
Montasolve PHP
Phenoxyisopropanol
Phenoxypropanol (common chemical name)
Propylene glycol phenyl ether (chemical name for isomer combination)
Propylene phenoxetol
Protecol PP (trade name)