PLURONIC FT L 61 PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word PLURONIC FT L 61 was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.PLURONIC FT L 61s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, PLURONIC FT L 61, and Kolliphor. PLURONIC FT L 61 comes in many different forms and grades, including PLURONIC FT L 61 188 Surfactant, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 407 NF, 124 Grade, 338 NF, and more. Spectrum Chemical has exactly the form and grade of PLURONIC FT L 61 for your lab needs. PLURONIC FT L 61 is a nonionic triblock copolymer. It is made up of a main hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene bordered on each side by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. Because the lengths of the polymer blocks can be customized, many different PLURONIC FT L 61s exist that have slightly different properties. For the generic term PLURONIC FT L 61, these copolymers are commonly named with the letter P (for PLURONIC FT L 61) followed by three digits: the first two digits multiplied by 100 give the approximate molecular mass of the polyoxypropylene core, and the last digit multiplied by 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g. P407 = PLURONIC FT L 61 with a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 4000 g/mo} PLURONIC FT L 61 and a 70% polyoxyethylene content). For the PLURONIC FT L 61 and Synperonic tradenames, coding of these copolymers starts with a letter to define PLURONIC FT L 61’s physical form at room temperature (L = liquid, P = paste, F = flake (solid)) followed by two or three digits, The first digit (two digits in a three-digit number) in the numerical designation, multiplied by 300, indicates the approximate molecular weight of the hydrophobe; and the last digit x 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g., L61 indicates a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 1800 g/mol and a 10% polyoxyethylene content). In the example given, PLURONIC FT L 61 181 (P181) = PLURONIC FT L 61 L61 and Synperonic PE/L 61. Work led by Kabanov has recently shown that some of these polymers, originally thought to be inert carrier molecules, have a very real effect on biological systems independently of the drug they are transporting. The PLURONIC FT L 61s have been shown to incorporate into cellular membranes affecting the microviscosity of the membranes. The polymers seem to have the greatest effect when absorbed by the cell as an unimer rather than as a micelle. ). PLURONIC FT L 61 comes in many different forms and grades, including PLURONIC FT L 61 188 Surfactant, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 407 NF, 124 Grade, 338 NF, and more. Spectrum Chemical has exactly the form and grade of PLURONIC FT L 61 for your lab needs. PLURONIC FT L 61 is a nonionic triblock copolymer. It is made up of a main hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene bordered on each side by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic compounds that contains a large group of copolymers surfactants formed by chains of ethylene oxide block (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) (OEx–POy–OEx). PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word PLURONIC FT L 61 was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.PLURONIC FT L 61s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, PLURONIC FT L 61, and Kolliphor. PLURONIC FT L 61s have been shown to preferentially target cancer cells, due to differences in the membrane of these cells when compared to noncancer cells. PLURONIC FT L 61s have also been shown to inhibit MDR proteins and other drug efflux transporters on the surface of cancer cells; the MDR proteins are responsible for the efflux of drugs from the cells and hence increase the susceptibility of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin. PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word PLURONIC FT L 61 was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.PLURONIC FT L 61s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, PLURONIC FT L 61, and Kolliphor. The PLURONIC FT L 61s have also been shown to enhance proto-apoptotic signaling, decrease anti-apoptoic defense in MDR cells, inhibit the glutathione/glutathione S-transferase detoxification system, induce the release of cytochrome C, increase reactive oxygen species in the cytoplasm, and abolish drug sequestering within cytoplasmic vesicles. An important characteristic of PLURONIC FT L 61 solutions is their temperature dependent self-assembling and thermo-gelling behavior. Concentrated aqueous solutions of PLURONIC FT L 61s are PLURONIC FT L 61s and poloxamines are also known as macromolecules, respectively. PLURONIC FT L 61s are a family of more than 50 different amphiphilic nonionic block polymers of hydrophobic propylene oxide (PO) and hydrophilic ethylene oxide (EO), covering a range of liquids, pastes and solids. PLURONIC FT L 61s consist of a central polyoxypropylene (POP) molecule, which is flanked on both sides by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (POE). A slightly different structure is exhibited by the poloxamines, which are tetrafunctional block copolymers with four POE–POP blocks joined together by a central ethylene diamine bridgeliquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in PLURONIC FT L 61s depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio). In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. PLURONIC FT L 61s are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. Assessment of PLURONIC FT L 61s PLURONIC FT L 61 101, PLURONIC FT L 61 105, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 122, PLURONIC FT L 61 123, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 181, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 183, PLURONIC FT L 61 184, PLURONIC FT L 61 185, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 212, PLURONIC FT L 61 215, PLURONIC FT L 61 217, PLURONIC FT L 61 231, PLURONIC FT L 61 234, PLURONIC FT L 61 235, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 238, PLURONIC FT L 61 282, PLURONIC FT L 61 284, PLURONIC FT L 61 288, PLURONIC FT L 61 331, PLURONIC FT L 61 333, PLURONIC FT L 61 334, PLURONIC FT L 61 335, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, PLURONIC FT L 61 401, PLURONIC FT L 61 402, PLURONIC FT L 61 403, and PLURONIC FT L 61 407, PLURONIC FT L 61 105 Benzoate, and PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate as Used in Cosmetics. PLURONIC FT L 61s are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. PLURONIC FT L 61s are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories. The common available grades are PLURONIC FT L 61 PLURONIC FT L 61 68, PLURONIC FT L 61 88, PLURONIC FT L 61 98, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, and PLURONIC FT L 61 407. PLURONIC FT L 61 comes in many different forms and grades, including PLURONIC FT L 61 188 Surfactant, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 407 NF, 124 Grade, 338 NF, and more. Spectrum Chemical has exactly the form and grade of PLURONIC FT L 61 for your lab needs. PLURONIC FT L 61 is a nonionic triblock copolymer. It is made up of a main hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene bordered on each side by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The phase transitions can also be largely influenced by the use of additives such as salts and alcohols. The interactions with salts are related to their ability to act as water structure makers (salting-out) or water structure breakers (salting-in). Salting-out salts increase the self-hydration of water through hydrogen bonding and reduce the hydration of the copolymers, thus reducing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. Salting-in electrolytes reduce the water self-hydration and increase the polymer hydration, therefore increasing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. The different salts have been categorized by the Hofmeister series according to their ‘salting-out’ power. PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word PLURONIC FT L 61 was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.PLURONIC FT L 61s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, PLURONIC FT L 61, and Kolliphor. PLURONIC FT L 61s and poloxamines are also known as macromolecules, respectively. PLURONIC FT L 61s are a family of more than 50 different amphiphilic nonionic block polymers of hydrophobic propylene oxide (PO) and hydrophilic ethylene oxide (EO), covering a range of liquids, pastes and solids. PLURONIC FT L 61s consist of a central polyoxypropylene (POP) molecule, which is flanked on both sides by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (POE). A slightly different structure is exhibited by the poloxamines, which are tetrafunctional block copolymers with four POE–POP blocks joined together by a central ethylene diamine bridgeliquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in PLURONIC FT L 61s depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio). In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. Different phase diagrams characterizing all these transitions have been constructed for most PLURONIC FT L 61s using a great variety of experimental techniques (e.g. SAXS, PLURONIC FT L 61s (PLURONIC FT L 61 101, PLURONIC FT L 61 105, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 122, PLURONIC FT L 61 123, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 181, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 183, PLURONIC FT L 61 184, PLURONIC FT L 61 185, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 212, PLURONIC FT L 61 215, PLURONIC FT L 61 217, PLURONIC FT L 61 231, PLURONIC FT L 61 234, PLURONIC FT L 61 235, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 238, PLURONIC FT L 61 282, PLURONIC FT L 61 284, PLURONIC FT L 61 288, PLURONIC FT L 61 331, PLURONIC FT L 61 333, PLURONIC FT L 61 334, PLURONIC FT L 61 335, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, PLURONIC FT L 61 401, PLURONIC FT L 61 402, PLURONIC FT L 61 403, PLURONIC FT L 61 407, PLURONIC FT L 61 105 Benzoate, PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate) are polymers made of a block of polyoxyethylene, followed by a block of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block of polyoxyethylene. The average number of units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene varies based on the number associated with the polymer . For example, the smallest polymer, PLURONIC FT L 61 101, consists of a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene, a block with an average of 16 units of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene. PLURONIC FT L 61s range from colorless liquids and pastes to white solids. In cosmetics and personal care products, PLURONIC FT L 61s are used in the formulation of skin cleansers, bath products, shampoos, hair conditioners, mouthwashes, eye makeup remover and other skin and hair products. PLURONIC FT L 61s help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve. They also clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away. PLURONIC FT L 61 188 kills microorganisms, or prevents or inhibits their growth and reproduction. PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance.Differential scanning calorimetry, viscosity measurements, light scattering). PLURONIC FT L 61s are triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) available in different molecular weights and PPO/PEO ratios. The presence of PEO and PPO blocks in a single polymer chain gives rise to essentially amphiphilic molecules whose self-assembling properties display a wide range of phase behavior. This ability to form micelles and liquid-crystalline phases is strongly temperature dependent since increasing the temperature allows self-association which decreases the critical micelle concentration (CMC). PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The word ‘PLURONIC FT L 61’ was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for PLURONIC FT L 61s in 1973. PLURONIC FT L 61s are also known by their trade name PLURONIC FT L 61s. Concentrated PLURONIC FT L 61 solutions in water undergo thermoreversible sol–gel transition by the micellar mechanism.115 Thermosensitive sol–gels of the commercial PLURONIC FT L 61 407 have been suggested for use in short-term treatments such as pain management, infection treatment, fertility control, and in topical drug delivery. Solutions of PLURONIC FT L 61 407 (∼25%) are viscous liquids below 25 °C; at body temperature PLURONIC FT L 61s form a semisolid gel. Weak mechanic strength, relatively high solubility in body fluids, and nonbiodegradability are the main hurdles for the use of PLURONIC FT L 61 407 in cell delivery systems. Introduction of the carbonate linkage between PLURONIC FT L 61 ‘blocks’ and linking of PLURONIC FT L 61s into structures of a higher molecular mass118 PLURONIC FT L 61 were attempted to overcome these disadvantages. PLURONIC FT L 61 is an amphiphilic block copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyelene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO). PLURONIC FT L 61s and poloxamine nonionic surfactants have diverse applications in various biomedical fields ranging from drug delivery and medical imaging to management of vascular diseases and disorders. Another important property of PLURONIC FT L 61s is their thermogelling behaviour: in fact, water dispersions of some of these polymers are generally in the liquid phase at low temperatures but become a strong gel at increased temperatures. Certain PLURONIC FT L 61s such as P85 have been shown not only to be able to transport target genes to target cells, but also to increase gene expression. Certain PLURONIC FT L 61s, such as P85 and L61, have also been shown to stimulate transcription of NF kappaB genes, although the mechanism by which this is achieved is currently unknown, bar that P85 has been shown to induce phosphorylation of the inhibitory kappa. An important characteristic of PLURONIC FT L 61 solutions is their temperature dependent self-assembling and thermo-gelling behavior. Concentrated aqueous solutions of PLURONIC FT L 61s are liquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in these systems depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio). The phase transitions can also be largely influenced by the use of additives such as salts and alcohols. The interactions with salts are related to their ability to act as water structure makers (salting-out) or water structure breakers (salting-in). Salting-out salts increase the self-hydration of water through hydrogen bonding and reduce the hydration of the copolymers, thus reducing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. Salting-in electrolytes reduce the water self-hydration and increase the polymer hydration, therefore increasing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. The different salts have been categorized by the Hofmeister series according to their ‘salting-out’ power. Different phase diagrams characterizing all these transitions have been constructed for most PLURONIC FT L 61s using a great variety of experimental techniques. In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. PLURONIC FT L 61s are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. PLURONIC FT L 61s are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. PLURONIC FT L 61s are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories. The common available grades are PLURONIC FT L 61 PLURONIC FT L 61 68, PLURONIC FT L 61 88, PLURONIC FT L 61 98, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, and PLURONIC FT L 61 407. PLURONIC FT L 61s help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve. PLURONIC FT L 61s also clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that PLURONIC FT L 61s can be rinsed away. PLURONIC FT L 61 188 kills microorganisms, or prevents or inhibits their growth and reproduction. PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. PLURONIC FT L 61s are polyoxyethlyene, polyoxypropylene block polymers. The impurities of commercial grade PLURONIC FT L 61 188, as an example, include low-molecular-weight substances (aldehydes and both formic and acetic acids), as well as 1,4-dioxane and residual ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Most PLURONIC FT L 61s function in cosmetics as surfactants, emulsifying agents, cleansing agents, and/or solubilizing agents, and are used in 141 cosmetic products at concentrations from 0.005% to 20%. PLURONIC FT L 61s injected intravenously in animals are rapidly excreted in the urine, with some accumulation in lung, liver, brain, and kidney tissue. In humans, the plasma concentration of PLURONIC FT L 61 188 (given intravenously) reached a maximum at 1 h, then reached a steady state. PLURONIC FT L 61s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The word ‘PLURONIC FT L 61’ was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for PLURONIC FT L 61s in 1973. PLURONIC FT L 61s are also known by their trade name PLURONIC FT L 61s. Concentrated PLURONIC FT L 61 solutions in water undergo thermoreversible sol–gel transition by the micellar mechanism.115 Thermosensitive sol–gels of the commercial PLURONIC FT L 61 407 have been suggested for use in short-term treatments such as pain management, infection treatment, fertility control, and in topical drug delivery. Solutions of PLURONIC FT L 61 407 (∼25%) are viscous liquids below 25 °C; at body temperature PLURONIC FT L 61s form a semisolid gel. Weak mechanic strength, relatively high solubility in body fluids, and nonbiodegradability are the main hurdles for the use of PLURONIC FT L 61 407 in cell delivery systems. Introduction of the carbonate linkage between PLURONIC FT L 61 ‘blocks’ and linking of PLURONIC FT L 61s into structures of a higher molecular mass118 PLURONIC FT L 61 were attempted to overcome these disadvantages. PLURONIC FT L 61s (PLURONIC FT L 61 101, PLURONIC FT L 61 105, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 122, PLURONIC FT L 61 123, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 181, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 183, PLURONIC FT L 61 184, PLURONIC FT L 61 185, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 212, PLURONIC FT L 61 215, PLURONIC FT L 61 217, PLURONIC FT L 61 231, PLURONIC FT L 61 234, PLURONIC FT L 61 235, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 238, PLURONIC FT L 61 282, PLURONIC FT L 61 284, PLURONIC FT L 61 288, PLURONIC FT L 61 331, PLURONIC FT L 61 333, PLURONIC FT L 61 334, PLURONIC FT L 61 335, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, PLURONIC FT L 61 401, PLURONIC FT L 61 402, PLURONIC FT L 61 403, PLURONIC FT L 61 407, PLURONIC FT L 61 105 Benzoate, PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate) are polymers made of a block of polyoxyethylene, followed by a block of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block of polyoxyethylene. The average number of units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene varies based on the number associated with the polymer . For example, the smallest polymer, PLURONIC FT L 61 101, consists of a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene, a block with an average of 16 units of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene. PLURONIC FT L 61s range from colorless liquids and pastes to white solids. In cosmetics and personal care products, PLURONIC FT L 61s are used in the formulation of skin cleansers, bath products, shampoos, hair conditioners, mouthwashes, eye makeup remover and other skin and hair products.PLURONIC FT L 61 is an amphiphilic block copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyelene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO). Formulation and characterization of PLURONIC FT L 61 thermoreversible gel containing polymeric microparticles and hyaluronic acid. PLURONIC FT L 61s are triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) available in different molecular weights and PPO/PEO ratios. PLURONIC FT L 61 is composed of triblock copolymers of polyethylene oxide (PEO)-polypropylene oxide (PPO)-polyethylene oxide (PEO). In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. PLURONIC FT L 61s are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. PLURONIC FT L 61s are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. PLURONIC FT L 61s are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories. The common available grades are PLURONIC FT L 61 PLURONIC FT L 61 68, PLURONIC FT L 61 88, PLURONIC FT L 61 98, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, and PLURONIC FT L 61 407. PLURONIC FT L 61 as a nonionic surfactant, the synthetic polymer has been previously used in drug delivery and medical imaging applications PLURONIC FT L 61 sol-gel reversible hydrogels have attracted the attention for practical biomedical and pharmaceutical applications because of constituents solubility, biocompatibility with biological systems and easy administration of pharmaceutical formulations. The pharmaceutical and biomedical fields covered by the use of PLURONIC FT L 61s including solubilization of hydrophobic drugs, controlled release, biomacromolecule delivery (e.g., proteins and genes) and tissue engineering. PLURONIC FT L 61s help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve. PLURONIC FT L 61s also clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that PLURONIC FT L 61s can be rinsed away. PLURONIC FT L 61 188 kills microorganisms, or prevents or inhibits their growth and reproduction. PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate acts as a lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. PLURONIC FT L 61 with its synonym as polyethylene-propylene glycol copolymer and trade names as Supronic, PLURONIC FT L 61 or Tetronic have been introduced in 1950 as a non-ionic triblock copolymer. Assessment of PLURONIC FT L 61s PLURONIC FT L 61 101, PLURONIC FT L 61 105, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 122, PLURONIC FT L 61 123, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 181, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 183, PLURONIC FT L 61 184, PLURONIC FT L 61 185, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 212, PLURONIC FT L 61 215, PLURONIC FT L 61 217, PLURONIC FT L 61 231, PLURONIC FT L 61 234, PLURONIC FT L 61 235, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 238, PLURONIC FT L 61 282, PLURONIC FT L 61 284, PLURONIC FT L 61 288, PLURONIC FT L 61 331, PLURONIC FT L 61 333, PLURONIC FT L 61 334, PLURONIC FT L 61 335, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, PLURONIC FT L 61 401, PLURONIC FT L 61 402, PLURONIC FT L 61 403, and PLURONIC FT L 61 407, PLURONIC FT L 61 105 Benzoate, and PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate as Used in Cosmetics. They were since then very famously used in diverse pharmaceutical applications. Chemically PLURONIC FT L 61 is α-Hydro-ω-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)a poly (oxypropylene)b poly (oxyethylene)a block copolymer and they consisted of two hydrophilic chains of ethylene oxide chains (PEO) that sandwiched one hydrophobic propylene oxide chain (PPO) giving a chemical formula HO(C2H4O)a(C3H6O)b(C2H4O)aH where a and b have the values as shown in the Table 1. The varying length of polymer blocks giving rise to different polymers identified as PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 338 and PLURONIC FT L 61 407 showing a slight difference in their properties. Most applications involve the use of PLURONIC FT L 61 P407 and include delivery of protein/peptide drugs [25], such as insulin [26], interleukin-2 [27], epidermal growth factor [28], bone morphogenic protein [29], fibroblastic growth factor, and endothelial cell growth factor [30]. Surfactants play an important role in stabilizing proteins in liquid formulations against aggregate/particle formation during processing, handling, storage, and transportation. Only 3 surfactants are currently used in marketed therapeutic protein formulations: polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, and PLURONIC FT L 61 188. While polysorbates are the most widely used surfactants, their intrinsic oxidative and hydrolytic degradation issues highlights the importance of alternative surfactants such as PLURONIC FT L 61 188. Here, we compare polysorbates and PLURONIC FT L 61 188 with regards to their stabilizing properties under various stress and storage conditions for several monoclonal antibody formulations. Our data shows that PLURONIC FT L 61 188 can provide suitable protection of monoclonal antibodies against interfacial stress in liquid formulations in vials. However, visible protein-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS; silicone oil) particles were observed in vials after long-term storage at 2-8°C for some protein formulations using PLURONIC FT L 61 188, which were not observed in polysorbate formulations. The occurrence of these protein-PDMS particles in PLURONIC FT L 61 188 formulations is a protein-specific phenomenon that may correlate with protein physico-chemical properties. In this study, the primary source of the PDMS in particles found in vials was considered to be from the primary packaging stoppers used. Our findings highlight benefits, but also risks associated with using PLURONIC FT L 61 188 in liquid biotherapeutic formulations. PLURONIC FT L 61s (PLURONIC FT L 61 101, PLURONIC FT L 61 105, PLURONIC FT L 61 108, PLURONIC FT L 61 122, PLURONIC FT L 61 123, PLURONIC FT L 61 124, PLURONIC FT L 61 181, PLURONIC FT L 61 182, PLURONIC FT L 61 183, PLURONIC FT L 61 184, PLURONIC FT L 61 185, PLURONIC FT L 61 188, PLURONIC FT L 61 212, PLURONIC FT L 61 215, PLURONIC FT L 61 217, PLURONIC FT L 61 231, PLURONIC FT L 61 234, PLURONIC FT L 61 235, PLURONIC FT L 61 237, PLURONIC FT L 61 238, PLURONIC FT L 61 282, PLURONIC FT L 61 284, PLURONIC FT L 61 288, PLURONIC FT L 61 331, PLURONIC FT L 61 333, PLURONIC FT L 61 334, PLURONIC FT L 61 335, PLURONIC FT L 61 338, PLURONIC FT L 61 401, PLURONIC FT L 61 402, PLURONIC FT L 61 403, PLURONIC FT L 61 407, PLURONIC FT L 61 105 Benzoate, PLURONIC FT L 61 182 Dibenzoate) are polymers made of a block of polyoxyethylene, followed by a block of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block of polyoxyethylene. The average number of units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene varies based on the number associated with the polymer . For example, the smallest polymer, PLURONIC FT L 61 101, consists of a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene, a block with an average of 16 units of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene. PLURONIC FT L 61s range from colorless liquids and pastes to white solids. In cosmetics and personal care products, PLURONIC FT L 61s are used in the formulation of skin cleansers, bath products, shampoos, hair conditioners, mouthwashes, eye makeup remover and other skin and hair products.

Nonionic surfactants, which are favored in topical formulations because they have less potential for skin irritancy compared with ionic surfactants, and certain solvents alter the emulsions coating hair/wool, thereby allowing more drug to reach the skin surface.
Pluronic PE 6400 is postulated that the mechanism by which skin penetration enhancers increase drug transport across the skin involves increasing the fluidity and/or the hydration of the polar head groups of the lipid bilayers.

CAS: 68213-23-0
MF: C12H25O(CH2CH2O)9H
MW: 0
EINECS: 500-201-8

General rule that the solubility of Pluronic PE types in water increases in step with the proportion of polyethylene glycol they contain.
If two products contain the same mass fraction of Pluronic PE 6400, the molar mass of the polypropylene glycol block is the determining factor, and the one with the lower molar mass will be the more soluble.
Pluronic PE 6400 is a 100% active, low-foaming, nonionic surfactant.
Pluronic PE 6400 is block copolymers in which the central polypropylene glycol group is flanked by two polyethylene glycol groups.
Pluronic PE 6400 perform well as dispersing agents and emulsifiers.

Pluronic PE 6400 supplied in liquid, paste, solid, or powder form, depending on their degree of ethoxylation.
Pluronic PE 6400 can be employed in a very wide variety of applicationssuch asdefoamers in sugar refining, wetting agents in agro chemical formulations, and as lubricants in metalworking fluids.
Pluronic PE 6400 has strong leveling, slow-dyeing, permeability and diffusibility for various dyes.
Pluronic PE 6400 has the ability to assist in scouring and can be used with various surfactants and dyes.
Pluronic PE 6400 is resistant to acid, alkali, hard water, heat and heavy metal salts.

Physical form(25 °C): Liquid
Viscosity (23 ℃, Brookfield)[mPa•s]: approx. 1000
pH (5% in water ): 7
Cloud point (water) [° C]: 60
Surface tension(DIN 53914, 1 g/l, 23 °C)[mN/m]: approx. 41
Density (g/cm3): approx. 1.05

Applications:
Pluronic PE 6400 is leveling agent and retarding agent for printing and dyeing industry, which can improve scouring and color fastness,
Formulate detergent for metal processing,
Used as lubricant emulsifier in glass fiber industry,
Used as a seed soaking penetrant in agriculture to increase the germination rate of seeds.
Used as an emulsifier in other industries.
Pluronic PE 6400 has the highest detergency of all the products in the Pluronic PE range, and it is low-foaming.
Pluronic PE 6400 performs particularly well in applications that involve intensive mechanical action, i.e. in dishwashers and industrial bottle-washing machines.
Pluronic PE 6400 can also be used in dairy cleaners.
Other areas of application include cutting and grinding fluids for metal, where Pluronic PE 6400 acts as a lubricant and coolant.

Pluronic PE 6400 content and the molar mass of the central polypropylene glycol block of surfactants of this type can be varied within wide limits, and the result is that they are exceptionally versatile.
Pluronic PE 6400 types can be tailored to boost their wetting, dispersing or emulsifying properties as the situation requires.
Pluronic PE 6400 can be used to reduce foam or eliminate it altogether, and they can be used as solubilizers and thickeners.
Pluronic PE 6400 ability to act as impregnating agents, humectants, plasticizers and lubricants can be exploited in a variety of situations.
Pluronic PE 6400 can be used to adjust the viscosity of other liquids, to make tacky substances more coherent, and to disperse suspended solids.
Pluronic PE 6400 can also be employed as heat transfer fluids and hydraulic fluids in some applications.
Pluronic PE 6400 can be used in detergents and cleaners in the dairy, brewery and soft drinks sectors, for instance, in cleaners that are sprayed onto metal components to remove shavings and swarf, in the rubber and plastics industries, and in other branches of industry.

Synonyms
Alcohols, C12-18, ethoxylated
68213-23-0
(C12-C18) Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate
500-201-8
C12-18 Alkyl alcohol ethoxylate
DTXSID5041934
EC 500-201-8
Ethoxylated C12-18 alcohols
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(C12-C18) alkyl-omega-hydroxy-

SYNONYMS N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N',N'-trimethyl 1,2-ethanediamine;1,1,4,7,7-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine; Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)methylamine; N,N,N',N',N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine; Bis(2-dimetilaminoetil)(metil)amina; CAS NO:3030-47-5

benzaldehyde, 4-propyl-; benzaldehyde, p-propyl-; p- propyl benzaldehyde; para- propyl benzaldehyde; 4- propylbenzaldehyde; 4-N- propylbenzaldehyde; p- propylbenzaldehyde; para- propylbenzaldehyde cas no :28785-06-0

Poloxamers are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word poloxamer was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.Poloxamers are also known by the trade names Synperonics,Pluronic,and Kolliphor.Because the lengths of the polymer blocks can be customized, many different poloxamers exist that have slightly different properties. For the generic term poloxamer, these copolymers are commonly named with the letter P (for poloxamer) followed by three digits: the first two digits multiplied by 100 give the approximate molecular mass of the polyoxypropylene core, and the last digit multiplied by 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g. P407 = poloxamer with a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 4000 g/mo} and a 70% polyoxyethylene content). For the Pluronic and Synperonic tradenames, coding of these copolymers starts with a letter to define its physical form at room temperature (L = liquid, P = paste, F = flake (solid)) followed by two or three digits, The first digit (two digits in a three-digit number) in the numerical designation, multiplied by 300, indicates the approximate molecular weight of the hydrophobe; and the last digit x 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g., L61 indicates a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 1800 g/mol and a 10% polyoxyethylene content). In the example given, poloxamer 181 (P181) = Pluronic L61 and Synperonic PE/L 61.An important characteristic of poloxamer solutions is their temperature dependent self-assembling and thermo-gelling behavior. Concentrated aqueous solutions of poloxamers are liquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in these systems depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio).The phase transitions can also be largely influenced by the use of additives such as salts and alcohols. The interactions with salts are related to their ability to act as water structure makers (salting-out) or water structure breakers (salting-in). Salting-out salts increase the self-hydration of water through hydrogen bonding and reduce the hydration of the copolymers, thus reducing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. Salting-in electrolytes reduce the water self-hydration and increase the polymer hydration, therefore increasing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. The different salts have been categorized by the Hofmeister series according to their ‘salting-out’ power. Different phase diagrams characterizing all these transitions have been constructed for most poloxamers using a great variety of experimental techniques (e.g. SAXS, Differential scanning calorimetry, viscosity measurements, light scattering).In bioprocess applications, poloxamers are used in cell culture media for their cell cushioning effects because their addition leads to less stressful shear conditions for cells in reactors.In materials science, the poloxamer P123 has recently been used in the synthesis of mesoporous materials, including SBA-15.When mixed with water, concentrated solutions of poloxamers can form hydrogels. These gels can be extruded easily, acting as a carrier for other particles, and used for robocasting.Work led by Kabanov has recently shown that some of these polymers, originally thought to be inert carrier molecules, have a very real effect on biological systems independently of the drug they are transporting. The poloxamers have been shown to incorporate into cellular membranes affecting the microviscosity of the membranes. The polymers seem to have the greatest effect when absorbed by the cell as an unimer rather than as a micelle.Poloxamers have been shown to preferentially target cancer cells, due to differences in the membrane of these cells when compared to noncancer cells. Poloxamers have also been shown to inhibit MDR proteins and other drug efflux transporters on the surface of cancer cells; the MDR proteins are responsible for the efflux of drugs from the cells and hence increase the susceptibility of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin.The poloxamers have also been shown to enhance proto-apoptotic signaling, decrease anti-apoptoic defense in MDR cells, inhibit the glutathione/glutathione S-transferase detoxification system, induce the release of cytochrome C, increase reactive oxygen species in the cytoplasm, and abolish drug sequestering within cytoplasmic vesicles.Certain poloxamers such as P85 have been shown not only to be able to transport target genes to target cells, but also to increase gene expression. Certain poloxamers, such as P85 and L61, have also been shown to stimulate transcription of NF kappaB genes, although the mechanism by which this is achieved is currently unknown, bar that P85 has been shown to induce phosphorylation of the inhibitory kappa.Wang et al. reported that aqueous solutions of poloxamer 188 (Pluronic® F-68) and poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F-127) sonicated in the presence or absence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) can became highly toxic to cultured cells. Moreover, toxicity correlated with the sonolytic degradation of the polymers.Poloxamer 407 is a hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant of the more general class of copolymers known as poloxamers. Poloxamer 407 is a triblock copolymer consisting of a central hydrophobic block of polypropylene glycol flanked by two hydrophilic blocks of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The approximate lengths of the two PEG blocks is 101 repeat units, while the approximate length of the propylene glycol block is 56 repeat units.This particular compound is also known by the BASF trade name Pluronic F-127 or by the Croda trade name Synperonic PE/F 127.Most of the common uses of poloxamer 407 are related to its surfactant properties. For example, it is widely used in cosmetics for dissolving oily ingredients in water. It can also be found in multi-purpose contact lens cleaning solutions, where its purpose there is to help remove lipid films from the lens. It can also be found in some mouthwashes. There is a research ongoing for using poloxamer 407 for aligning severed blood vessels before gluing them surgically.Poloxamer 407 is used in bioprinting applications due to its unique phase-change properties.In a 30% solution by weight, poloxamer 407 forms a gel solid at room temperature but liquifies when chilled to 4 °C (39 °F). This allows poloxamer 407 to serve as a removable support material, particularly for creating hollow channels or cavities inside hydrogels.In this role, it is often referred to as a "sacrificial ink" or a "fugitive ink".They gave a high dose (1 gram per kilogram of body weight) of poloxamer 407 to mice, which blocked 80% of the pores in liver cells that absorb lipoproteins, leading to a 10-fold increase in plasma lipid levels.Wang et al. reported that aqueous solutions of poloxamer 188 and poloxamer 407 sonicated in the presence or absence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) can become highly toxic to cultured cells. The toxicity correlated with the sonolytic degradation of the polymers.Poloxamers are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The word ‘poloxamer’ was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973. Poloxamers are also known by their trade name Pluronics” .Concentrated poloxamer solutions in water undergo thermoreversible sol–gel transition by the micellar mechanism.115 Thermosensitive sol–gels of the commercial poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F127) have been suggested for use in short-term treatments such as pain management, infection treatment, fertility control, and in topical drug delivery.Poloxamers are another type of thermo–sensitive hydrogels with an ABA–type triblock structure. Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F127, PEO99–PPO67–PEO99) is widely employed for drug delivery because it is reported to be non–toxic and can form gels at 25°C at a concentration of 20 wt%.Like PNIPAAm polymers, much effort has been made to synthesize chemically crosslinkable poloxamers to equip them with enhanced mechanical properties.Solutions of poloxamer 407 (∼25%) are viscous liquids below 25 °C; at body temperature they form a semisolid gel. Weak mechanic strength, relatively high solubility in body fluids, and nonbiodegradability are the main hurdles for the use of poloxamer 407 in cell delivery systems. Introduction of the carbonate linkage between poloxamer ‘blocks’ and linking of poloxamers into structures of a higher molecular mass118 were attempted to overcome these disadvantages. However, only more sophisticated synthetic procedures offering graft copolymers hold promise for the application as injectable cell carriers.While the physically crosslinked gels display a compressive modulus of 142.5 ± 29.7 KPa, radically crosslinked gels using the methacrylated poloxamer and ammonium persulfate (APS) as a thermal initiator are three times stiffer, displaying a compressive modulus of 415 ± 45.7 KPa.Lysozyme has been utilized as a model protein to test the protein release profile of the diacrylated poloxamer hydrogels with higher mechanical properties. These poloxamers instantaneously formed a semi–solidified physical gel when the temperature was increased above the LCST. Then these poloxamers underwent photocrosslinking initiated by pre–mixed (4–Benzoylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride with UV exposure. Poloxamer is an amphiphilic block copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyelene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO) as shown in Figure 32.It is more commonly called Pluronic® (BASF). Since the middle block is hydrophobic and the two end blocks are hydrophilic, the poloxamer behaves as polymer surfactant. It is used as nonionic polymer surfactant. They can function as antifoaming agents, wetting agents, dispersants, thickeners, and emulsifiers.Poloxamers are triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) available in different molecular weights and PPO/PEO ratios.Another important property of Poloxamers is their thermogelling behaviour: in fact, water dispersions of some of these polymers are generally in the liquid phase at low temperatures but become a strong gel at increased temperatures. It is for this reason that the Poloxamer 407 phase transitions and the effect of hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP β–CD) on them were studied using acoustic spectroscopy with purpose of verifying the relevance of this method in the pharmaceutical field .These works introduced here are just a small fraction of a large number of studies on poloxamers. One of the reasons why poloxamers have been investigated by SANS is its variety of phase behavior, applications, particularly to bioengineering field. Since there are many variations in poloxamer with different numbers of x, y, and z in spite of its simple structure , there still remain a large number of studies on poloxamer with SANS.As the first step, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles of Poloxamer 407 in the concentration range of 3–25% (w/v) was investigated by measuring the attenuation and propagation velocity of ultrasound at different temperatures.Then the effect of the addition of HP β-CD on the Poloxamer 407 water systems was monitored by adding different amounts [5–20% (w/v)] of HP β–CD, which is widely used in oral and parenteral pharmaceutical dosage forms since it increases the stability and solubility or poorly water-soluble drugs through the formation of inclusion complexes. Previous studies had demonstrated that the addition of different glycols and polyalcohols, as well as the addition of HP β–CD, influenced both the gelation and micellization temperature of Poloxamer 407, outlining a shift of this parameter towards higher values. In this case, acoustic spectroscopy allowed a better characterization of the microstructure and behaviour of these systems at increasing temperatures.The positive thermoresponsive materials turn to gel above the upper critical solution temperature (USCT), which depends on the polymer structure, such as poloxamer, hydroxypropylcellulose, or methylcellulose.The value of modulus G′ for Poloxamer 407 decreases during micellization until it reaches a plateau. This trend is more evident in concentrated systems, but is practically not detectable for the dilute ones. For the 17.5% and 20% samples, it is also possible to identify a slight inflexion after the plateau, which may be identified with the sol/gel transition since the corresponding values of the temperature are in agreement with those determined rheologically and by thermal analysis.The poloxamers, also known by the trademark Pluronic, Synperonic and Tetronic, were initially introduced between 1950 and have presented several pharmaceutical applications, as well as, excellent compatibility with other compounds.Studies showed some of the poloxamer’s characteristics, especially thermoresponsiveness, high capacity to solubilize drugs, good drug release characteristics, and absence of toxicity in mucosal membranes, and thus widely recognized in the pharmaceutical area as a safe material.Poloxamers are nonionic compounds that contains a large group of copolymers surfactants formed by chains of ethylene oxide block (EO) and propylene oxide.The poloxamer 407 or Pluronic F127 has particularly interest because of the thermoreversible properties, and can be useful in the optimization of drug delivery systems, and employed in many formulations like intravenous preparations, topical, ophthalmic, nasal, vaginal, and rectal, with no irritation or skin sensitivity.Poloxamer 407 aqueous solutions have the property of being a thermoresponsive system, which leads to a sol–gel transition due to temperature increase.The advantages of poloxamers in liquid pharmaceutical forms are especially because that they allow a comfortable release at the action site, gelling at the site and may have modified release.Aqueous solutions of Poloxamer or Pluronic undergo sol-to-gel transition as the temperature increases. However, the implanted gel of Poloxamer is quickly eroded and does not persist for more than a few days at most. To improve the system, end-group modified Poloxamers, and multiblock co-polymers consisting of Poloxamer and biodegradable polymers have been developed. In addition, random multiblock copolymers consisting of PEG, PPG, and a biodegradable polymer were reported.Even though modification of the hydroxyl end groups of Poloxamer by oligolactides (LA6) and oligocaprolactones (CL6) increases hydrophobicity of the polymer, the sol-to-gel transition temperature and critical gel concentration increased, compared with the unmodified Poloxamer.Poloxamer aqueous solution is driven by the unimer-to-micelle transition, followed by packing of the micelles. The oligolactide and oligocaprolactone partition into the PPG micelle core and disturb the integrity and density of the original micelles of the unmodified Poloxamer.Poloxamer. Thus, the micelle packing mechanism for the sol-to-gel transition is interfered with. Poloxamer (F127) was modified by oligolactide (LA8 or LA18), and was then reacted with succinic anhydrides to prepare a carboxylic acid end-capped Poloxamer. The polymer showed sol-gel transition in a pH/temperature dependent manner. The ionization of carboxylic acid and the decrease in solubility of PEG at high pH were suggested to explain the phase behavior.34,35 L-dihydroxyphenyalanine end-capped Poloxamer (F127) showed an increase in bioadhesion between the polymer and bovine mucin, an increase in the sol-to-gel transition temperature.Multiblock copolymers were prepared to improve gel properties such as gel duration and biodegradation. Poloxamers (F127) were coupled by hexa-methylene diisocyanate to prepare multiblock Poloxamer.37 The drug release rate from the multiblock Poloxamer hydrogel was slower than from the unmodified Poloxamer hydrogel. PEG/PPG alternating multiblock copolymers showing thermogelling were reported.Poloxamer was coupled by terephthalic anhydride to introduce the biodegradability as well as pH sensitivity.35 Poloxamer was also coupled by disulfide to show glutathione sensitive degradation and drug release.44 In addition, Poloxamer was end capped by l-oligolactide or d-oligolactide, then coupled to prepare the multiblock Poloxamer containing PLA. By mixing the l-isomer and d-isomer containing multiblock Poloxamer, a stereocomplex showing thermal gelation was prepared.Pluronics, also known as poloxamers, are a class of synthetic block copolymers which consist of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), arranged in an A-B-A triblock structure, thus giving PEO-PPO-PEO.Poloxamer 407 in conjuction with HPMC has been used for rectal delivery of quinine in children.Use of poloxamer 188 as a membrane sealant on in vitro studies of cardiac myocytes showed signs of possible prevention of cardiomyopathy and heart failure in muscular dystrophy.A combination of poloxamer 407, poloxamer 188 and carbopol was utilized as an ophthalmic delivery system for puerarin, thus providing an alternative for longer-lasting drug availability to the precorneal area.Poloxamer 407 has also shown prolonged duration of the painkiller, lidocaine, at the injection site as well as sustained drug release and increased therapeutic efficacy.In the absence of interfering compounds, polymers of the poloxamer type can sometimes be determined by reversed-phase HPLC with methanol, but the most common separation technique is SEC.There are many commercialized copolymers, such as Pluronics, Poloxamers, and Tetronics, which are comprised of PEO–PPO sequences. Poloxamers, nonionic polymers polyoxyethylene–polyoxypropylene–polyoxyethylene (PEOn–PPOn–PEOn), are commonly used in pharmaceutical application in drug delivery.This review article focuses on thermoresponsive hydrogels consisting of poloxamers which are of high interest for biomedical application especially in drug delivery for ophthalmic, injectable, transdermal, and vaginal administration. These hydrogels remain fluid at room temperature but become more viscous gel once they are exposed to body temperature. In this way, the gelling system remains at the topical level for a long time and the drug release is controlled and prolonged. Poloxamers are synthetic triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO), also commercially known as Pluronics®, Synperonics® or Lutrol®. The different poloxamers cover a range of liquids, pastes, and solids, with molecular weights and ethylene oxide–propylene oxide weight ratios varying from 1100 to 14,000 and 1:9 to 8:2, respectively. Concentrated aqueous solutions of poloxamers form thermoreversible gels. In recent years this type of gel has arouse interest for tissue engineering. Finally, the use of poloxamers as biosurfactants is evaluated since they are able to form micelles in an aqueous environment above a concentration threshold known as critical micelle concentration (CMC). This property is exploited for drug delivery and different therapeutic applications.“Poloxamers are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The word ‘poloxamer’ was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973. Poloxamers are also known by their trade name Pluronics”.Concentrated poloxamer solutions in water undergo thermoreversible sol–gel transition by the micellar mechanism.115 Thermosensitive sol–gels of the commercial poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F127) have been suggested for use in short-term treatments such as pain management, infection treatment, fertility control, and in topical drug delivery.6 Pluronic® F127 is generally accepted as safe, although in animal studies injection of doses exceeding 27.5 mg kg− 1116,117 caused serious increases in blood cholesterol and triglycerides.Poloxamers are another type of thermo–sensitive hydrogels with an ABA–type triblock structure. Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F127, PEO99–PPO67–PEO99) is widely employed for drug delivery because it is reported to be non–toxic and can form gels at 25°C at a concentration of 20 wt%. However, its applications are greatly limited by its poor mechanical properties resulting from the purely physical crosslinking. These gels are characterized by low viscosity and very high permeabilities. Moreover, while they instantaneously gel upon increasing temperature above LCST in the body, they lose their structural integrity when mixed with aqueous solutions, which makes them unfit for drug delivery purposes. Like PNIPAAm polymers, much effort has been made to synthesize chemically crosslinkable poloxamers to equip them with enhanced mechanical properties. However, due to their chemical structure, reactive groups are only available at chain ends, therefore, chemically cross–linkable groups can only be used to end–cap the triblock chain. There are two main types of crosslinkable end–capping groups: methacrylate/acrylate and ethoxylsilane. Methacrylates/acrylates can be coupled to the polymer by reacting methacryloyl chloride/acryloyl chloride with the hydroxyl groups on both ends. Similarly, (3–isocyanato–propyl)triethoxysilane can be employed to react with the hydroxyl groups under catalysis of 2–ethyl–hexanoate to introduce ethoxysilane end–capping groups. While the physically crosslinked gels display a compressive modulus of 142.5 ± 29.7 KPa, radically crosslinked gels using the methacrylated poloxamer and ammonium persulfate (APS) as a thermal initiator are three times stiffer, displaying a compressive modulus of 415 ± 45.7 KPa. Although the exthoxysilane causes gradual chemical crosslinking (same mechanism as crosslinking of trimethoxysilane–grafted PNIPAAm–based hydrogels), their crosslinking resulted in a much higher compressive modulus: ~2600 KPa after 17 days. Lysozyme has been utilized as a model protein to test the protein release profile of the diacrylated poloxamer hydrogels with higher mechanical properties. These poloxamers instantaneously formed a semi–solidified physical gel when the temperature was increased above the LCST. Then these poloxamers underwent photocrosslinking initiated by pre–mixed (4–Benzoylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride with UV exposure. With photocrosslinking, the gels maintained their structural integrity up to one month. While burst release of 50–70 wt% lysozyme was observed from the hydrogels in the first seven days, the remaining 30–50 wt% protein was released in a more sustained profile over a one–month period.Poloxamer is an amphiphilic block copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyelene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO) as shown in Figure 32.Poloxamers are triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) available in different molecular weights and PPO/PEO ratios. The presence of PEO and PPO blocks in a single polymer chain gives rise to essentially amphiphilic molecules whose self-assembling properties display a wide range of phase behavior. This ability to form micelles and liquid-crystalline phases is strongly temperature dependent since increasing the temperature allows self-association which decreases the critical micelle concentration (CMC).Another important property of Poloxamers is their thermogelling behaviour: in fact, water dispersions of some of these polymers are generally in the liquid phase at low temperatures but become a strong gel at increased temperatures. This sol/gel transition have been correlated to the intrinsic changes in the micelle properties, or to the entropic variation in the ordered water molecules close to the PPO segments, or to the possibility of formation of a cross-linked and three-dimensional structure able to entrap water in this network. Neutron scattering studies have demonstrated the formation of a gel structure for a micelle concentration reaching the critical volume fraction of 0.53, which allows locking of the micelles in a hard-sphere, crystalline structure due to their high volume density.Both micellization and gelation depend on different factors: temperature, polymer concentration, and PEO block length.It is for this reason that the Poloxamer 407 phase transitions and the effect of hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP β–CD) on them were studied using acoustic spectroscopy with purpose of verifying the relevance of this method in the pharmaceutical field.The poloxamers, also known by the trademark Pluronic, Synperonic and Tetronic, were initially introduced between 1950 and have presented several pharmaceutical applications, as well as, excellent compatibility with other compounds.Studies showed some of the poloxamer’s characteristics, especially thermoresponsiveness, high capacity to solubilize drugs, good drug release characteristics, and absence of toxicity in mucosal membranes, and thus widely recognized in the pharmaceutical area as a safe material.Poloxamers are nonionic compounds that contains a large group of copolymers surfactants formed by chains of ethylene oxide block (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) (OEx–POy–OEx). They are synthesized by polymerization of EO and PO units, in sequence, also in the presence of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Poloxamers compounds have the chemical formula HO[CH2CH2O] x[CH(CH3)CH2O] y[CH2CH2O]OH, where y is greater than 14.According to the ratio between hydrophilic (EO) and lipophilic (PO) units, various copolymers block and size can be obtained within different molecular weights and physic-chemical properties .The poloxamer 407 or Pluronic F127 has particularly interest because of the thermoreversible properties, and can be useful in the optimization of drug delivery systems, and employed in many formulations like intravenous preparations, topical, ophthalmic, nasal, vaginal, and rectal, with no irritation or skin sensitivity.Poloxamer 407 aqueous solutions have the property of being a thermoresponsive system, which leads to a sol–gel transition due to temperature increase. When in aqueous dispersions, the individual molecules of the copolymer’s block of P407 self-organize into micelles (micellization), when are in concentrations above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) in order to minimize the free energy from the solution. These micelles can be spherical, cylindrical, or lamellar, depending upon the length in the chain, containing EO and PB, the concentration of polymer and temperature, that leads to increased viscosity.The advantages of poloxamers in liquid pharmaceutical forms are especially because that they allow a comfortable release at the action site, gelling at the site and may have modified release. The disadvantages of these polymers are weak mucoadhesive, and poor mechanical properties, short residence time due to easily dissolution at the action site .Poloxamer 407 copolymer (ethylene oxide and propylene oxide blocks) shows thermoreversible properties, which is of the utmost interest in optimising drug formulation (fluid state at room temperature facilitating administration and gel state above sol–gel transition temperature at body temperature promoting prolonged release of pharmacological agents). Pharmaceutical evaluation consists in determining the rheological behaviour (flow curve or oscillatory studies), sol–gel transition temperature, in vitro drug release using either synthetic or physiological membrane and (bio)adhesion characteristics. Poloxamer 407 formulations led to enhanced solubilisation of poorly water-soluble drugs and prolonged release profile for many galenic applications (e.g., oral, rectal, topical, ophthalmic, nasal and injectable preparations) but did not clearly show any relevant advantages when used alone. Combination with other excipients like Poloxamer 188 or mucoadhesive polymers promotes Poloxamer 407 action by optimising sol–gel transition temperature or increasing bioadhesive properties. Inclusion of liposomes or micro(nano)particles in Poloxamer 407 formulations offers interesting prospects, as well. Besides these promising data, Poloxamer 407 has been held responsible for lipidic profile alteration and possible renal toxicity, which compromises its development for parenteral applications. In addition, new findings have demonstrated immuno-modulation and cytotoxicity-promoting properties of Poloxamer 407 revealing significant pharmacological interest and, hence, human trials are in progress to specify these potential applications.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone; poly(1-vinylpyrrolidinone); polyvinylpyrrolidone; povidone; N- vinylpyrrolidone polymer; PVP K 90; PVP, Povidone; PVPP, Crospovidone, Polyvidone; PNVP; Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylen]; 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidon homopolymer ; 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinon-Polymere cas no: 9003-39-8

cas no 9002-88-4 Ethene, homopolymer; polyetylene;

SYNONYMS Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane (11;21);Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) CAS NO:9003-11-6

SYNONYMS Poly(tetrahydrofuran); PTMEG; PTMG; CAS NO:25190-06-1

Poloxamer is nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)).


CAS Number: 106392-12-5
EC Number: 923-642-1



Poloxamer is nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene.
Poloxamer is nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)).


The word Poloxamer was coined by BASF inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.
Poloxamer is also known by the trade names Pluronic, Kolliphor (pharma grade), and Synperonic.
Because the lengths of the polymer blocks can be customized, many different Poloxamer exists that have slightly different properties.


For the generic term Poloxamer, these copolymers are commonly named with the letter P (for Poloxamer) followed by three digits: the first two digits multiplied by 100 give the approximate molecular mass of the polyoxypropylene core, and the last digit multiplied by 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g. P407 = Poloxamer with a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 4000 g/mol and a 70% polyoxyethylene content).


Poloxamer is also known as polyethylene- propylene glycol copolymer or polyoxvethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer.
Poloxamer is a series of block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO).
All poloxamers are chemically similar in composition, differing only in the relative amounts of propylene and ethylene oxides added during manufacture.


The presence of PEO and PPO blocks in a single polymer chain imparts to the molecule amphiphilic properties whose self-assembling properties display a wide range of phase behaviour.
Several different types of poloxamers are commercially available whose physical and surface-active properties vary over a wide range.


Pharmacopoeial grades generally occur as white, waxy, granules or as solids.
They are practically odourless and tasteless.
Poloxamers are listed in pharmacopoeia and generally regarded as nontoxic and non-irritant.


Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IV injections; inhalations, ophthalmic preparations; oral powders. solutions, suspensions, and syrups; topical preparations).
Poloxamer is nonionic triblock copolymers consisting of a central hydrophobic polyoxypropylene chain surrounded by two hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chains.


Poloxamer is nonionic polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polymers used primarily in pharmaceutical formulations as emulsifying or solubilizing agents.
The polyoxyethylene segment is hydrophilic while the polyoxypropylene segment is hydrophobic.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLOXAMER:
Because of their amphiphilic structures, Poloxamer has surfactant properties that make them useful in industrial applications.
Among other things, Poloxamer can be used to increase the water solubility of hydrophobic, oily substances or otherwise increase the miscibility of two substances with different hydrophobicities.
For this reason, Poloxamer is commonly used in industrial applications, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.


Poloxamer has also been evaluated for various drug delivery applications and were shown to sensitize drug-resistant cancers to chemotherapy.
In bioprocess applications, Poloxamer is used in cell culture media for their cell cushioning effects because their addition leads to less stressful shear conditions for cells in reactors.


There are grades of Poloxamer commercially available specifically for cell culture, including Kolliphor P 188 Bio.
In materials science, the Poloxamer has recently been used in the synthesis of mesoporous materials, including SBA-15.
When mixed with water, concentrated solutions of Poloxamer can form hydrogels.


These gels can be extruded easily, acting as a carrier for other particles, and used for robocasting.
The main uses of Poloxamer is as dispersing agents, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agents, tablet lubricants, wetting agents and foaming agents.
As nonionic polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers, Poloxamer is used as emulsifying or solubilizing agents.


Poloxamer is used as emulsifying agents in intravenous fat emulsions and as solubilizing and stabilizing agents to maintain clarity of elixirs and syrups.
Poloxamer can also be used as wetting agents; in ointments, suppository bases, and gels; and in tablet binders and coatings. Poloxamer 188 has also been used as an emulsifying agent for fluorocarbons used as artificial blood substitutes, and in the preparation of solid-dispersion systems.


More recently, poloxamers have found use in drug-delivery systems.
Therapeutically, poloxamer 188 is administered orally as a wetting agent and stool lubricant in the treatment of constipation; it is usually used in combination with a laxative such as dantron.


Poloxamer may also be used therapeutically as wetting agents in eye-drop formulations, in the treatment of kidney stones, and as skin-wound cleansers.
Poloxamer is used in the cosmetics field as oil-in-water emulsifiers, cleansers for mild facial products, and dispersing agents.
Nowadays, Poloxamer is widely used in different drug delivery systems due to its biodegradability, high solubility and low toxicity.


Poloxamer contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties, so they are widely used as surfactants and emulsifiers in formulation.
Poloxamer is used as a solubility enhancer in solid dispersion.
Pluronic grade has thermo-reversible gelation property, transforming into liquid at room temperature and gel at body temperature, hence used in control release formulation.


Poloxamer is used to improve the stability of Nanoparticle and liposome.
Poloxamer is used in solid suppositories to improve the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs and reduce rectal irritation compared to traditional polymer such as polyethylene glycol.


Poloxamer is also used as a stabilizer in biological.
Medicines that contain poloxamer: Coloxyl Drops
All of the poloxamer is chemically similar in composition, differing only in the relative amounts of propylene and ethylene oxides added during manufacture.


Their physical and surface-active properties vary over a wide range and a number of different types are commercially available.
Poloxamer is used as emulsifying agents in intravenous fat emulsions, and as solubilizing and stabilizing agents to maintain the clarity of elixirs and syrups.


Poloxamer may also be used as wetting agents; in ointments, suppository bases, and gels; and as tablet binders and coatings.
Poloxamer 188 has also been used as an emulsifying agent for fluorocarbons used as artificial blood substitutes, and in the preparation of solid-dispersion systems.


More recently, poloxamers have found use in drug-delivery systems.
Therapeutically, poloxamer 188 is administered orally as a wetting agent and stool lubricant in the treatment of constipation; it is usually used in combination with a laxative such as danthron.
Poloxamer may also be used therapeutically as wetting agents in eye-drop formulations, in the treatment of kidney stones, and as skin-wound cleansers.


Poloxamer is a type of non-ionic surfactant that is used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickening agent in a variety of products, including dietary supplements.
Poloxamer is also used as a lubricant in some medical and pharmaceutical products.



HOW IS POLOXAMER USED IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY?
Poloxamer is a type of dietary supplement that is used in the food industry as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickening agent.
Poloxamer is used to improve the texture, stability, and shelf life of food products.
Poloxamer is also used to reduce fat and sugar content in food products, as well as to improve the flavor and texture of processed foods.



WHY IS POLOXAMER USED?
Poloxamer helps to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent
Substances, usually liquids, Poloxamer is used to dissolve other substances.
Poloxamer also clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away. Poloxamer 188 kills microorganisms, or prevents or inhibits their growth and reproduction.
Poloxamer 182 Dibenzoate acts as a lubricant on the skin’s surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance.



WHERE IS POLOXAMER USED?
Poloxamer is a type of dietary supplement that is used to treat a variety of conditions, including constipation, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome.
Poloxamer is also used to reduce cholesterol levels and to treat certain types of infections.



ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF POLOXAMER:
The medicines below all contain the following active ingredient(s): poloxamer.
You can select a medicine from this list to find out more - including side effects, age restrictions, food interactions and whether the medicine is subsidised by the government on the pharmaceutical benefits scheme (PBS).



HEALTH BENEFITS OF POLOXAMER?
Poloxamer is a type of dietary supplement that has been found to have a number of health benefits.
Poloxamer has been shown to reduce inflammation, improve joint health, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Poloxamer has also been found to help reduce cholesterol levels, improve digestion, and reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.
Additionally, Poloxamer has been found to help improve skin health, reduce the risk of diabetes, and improve overall immune system function.



BENEFITS AND CLAIMS OF POLOXAMER:
*Fast dispersion and rapid emulsification from large droplet to medium sized droplet.
*Hydrophilic coating of surfactant on oil droplets minimizes the lipid digestion.
*Formation of other secondary structures such as micelles, chylomicron in the GIT fluids which helps in drug absorption
*Non-digestible solubiliser to minimize drug precipitation in the GIT



POLOXAMER IS SUITABLE FOR:
*Cream / Emulsion
*Gel
*Softgel Capsules



BENEFITS OF POLOXAMER:
*Aqueous solution containing more than 20% Poloxamer concentration demonstrate themoreversible viscosity
*Clinically tested for mildness and are less irritating upon topical application
*Various grades available to suit different applications
*Poloxamer can be processed via hot melt extrusion (HME) or spray drying
*Poloxamer is applicable for oral, topical, or parenteral applications



MICELLIZATION AND PHASE TRANSITIONS OF POLOXAMER:
An important characteristic of Poloxamer solutions is their temperature dependent self-assembling and thermo-gelling behavior.
Concentrated aqueous solutions of Poloxamer are liquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process.
The transitions that occur in these systems depend on Poloxamer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio).
At low temperatures and concentrations (below the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration) individual block copolymers (unimers) are present in solution.

Above these values, aggregation of individual unimers occurs in a process called micellization.
This aggregation is driven by the dehydration of the hydrophobic polyoxypropylene block that becomes progressively less soluble as the polymer concentration or temperature increases.

The aggregation of several unimers occurs to minimize the interactions of the PPO blocks with the solvent.
Thus, the core of the aggregates is made from the insoluble blocks (polyoxypropylene) while the soluble portion (polyoxyethylene) forms the shell of the micelles.

The mechanisms on the micellization at equilibrium have shown to depend on two relaxation times:
(1) the first and fastest (tens of the microseconds scale) corresponds to the unimers exchange between micelles and the bulk solution and follows the Aniansson-Wall model (step-by-step insertion and expulsion of single polymer chains), and
(2) the second and much slower one (in the millisecond range) is attributed to the formation and breakdown of whole micellar units leading to the final micellar size equilibration.

Besides spherical micelles, elongated or worm-like micelles can also be formed.
The final geometry will depend on the entropy costs of stretching the blocks, which is directly related to their composition (size and polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene ratio).

The mechanisms involved in the shape transformation are different compared to the dynamics of micellization.
Two mechanisms were proposed for the sphere-to-rod transitions of block copolymer micelles, in which the micellar growth can occur by (A) fusion/fragmentation of micelles or (B) concomitant fusion/fragmentation of micelles and unimer exchange, followed by smoothing of the rod-like structures.

With higher increments of the temperature and/or concentration, other phenomena can occur such as the formation of highly ordered mesophases (cubic, hexagonal and lamellar).
Eventually, a complete dehydration of the polyoxypropylene blocks and the collapse of the polyoxyethylene chains will lead to clouding and/or macroscopic phase separation.

This is due to the fact that hydrogen bonding between the polyoxyethylene and the water molecules breaks down at high temperature and polyoxyethylene becomes also insoluble in water.
The phase transitions can also be largely influenced by the use of additives such as salts and alcohols.

The interactions with salts are related to their ability to act as water structure makers (salting-out) or water structure breakers (salting-in).
Salting-out salts increase the self-hydration of water through hydrogen bonding and reduce the hydration of the copolymers, thus reducing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration.

Salting-in electrolytes reduce the water self-hydration and increase the polymer hydration, therefore increasing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration.
The different salts have been categorized by the Hofmeister series according to their ‘salting-out’ power.

Different phase diagrams characterizing all these transitions have been constructed for most poloxamers using a great variety of experimental techniques (e.g. SAXS, Differential scanning calorimetry, viscosity measurements, light scattering).



BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF POLOXAMER:
Work led by Kabanov has recently shown that some of these polymers, originally thought to be inert carrier molecules, have a very real effect on biological systems independently of the drug they are transporting.
The Poloxamer has been shown to incorporate into cellular membranes affecting the microviscosity of the membranes.
The polymers seem to have the greatest effect when absorbed by the cell as an unimer rather than as a micelle.

On multi drug resistant cancer cells:
Poloxamer has been shown to preferentially target cancer cells, due to differences in the membrane of these cells when compared to noncancer cells.
Poloxamer has also been shown to inhibit MDR proteins and other drug efflux transporters on the surface of cancer cells; the MDR proteins are responsible for the efflux of drugs from the cells and hence increase the susceptibility of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin.

Another effect of the polymers upon cancer cells is the inhibition of the production of ATP in multi-drug resistant (MDR) cancer cells.
The polymers seem to inhibit respiratory proteins I and IV, and the effect on respiration seems to be selective for MDR cancer cells, which may be explained by the difference in fuel sources between MDR and sensitive cells (fatty acids and glucose respectively).

Poloxamer has also been shown to enhance proto-apoptotic signaling, decrease anti-apoptoic defense in MDR cells, inhibit the glutathione/glutathione S-transferase detoxification system, induce the release of cytochrome C, increase reactive oxygen species in the cytoplasm, and abolish drug sequestering within cytoplasmic vesicles.

On nuclear factor kappa B:
Certain Poloxamers such as P85 have been shown not only to be able to transport target genes to target cells, but also to increase gene expression.
Certain poloxamers, such as P85 and L61, have also been shown to stimulate transcription of NF kappaB genes, although the mechanism by which this is achieved is currently unknown, bar that P85 has been shown to induce phosphorylation of the inhibitory kappa.

Potential degradation by sonication:
Wang et al. reported that aqueous solutions of poloxamer 188 (Pluronic F-68) and poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F-127) sonicated in the presence or absence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) can became highly toxic to cultured cells.
Moreover, toxicity correlated with the sonolytic degradation of the polymers.



ANY USEFUL TIPS OF POLOXAMER:
Naming of Poloxamer can be bewildering but typically, the nonproprietary name – poloxamer – is followed by a number: the first two digits of which, when multiplied by 100, correspond to the approximate average molecular weight of the polyoxypropylene portion of the copolymer and the third digit, when multiplied by 100, corresponds to the percentage by weight of the polyoxyethylene portion.

Similarly, with many of the trade names used for Poloxamer e.g. Kolliphor 188, the first digit arbitrarily represents the molecular weight of the polyoxypropylene portion and the second digit represents the weight percent of the oxyethylene portion.
The letters L, ‘P’, and ‘F’, stand for the physical form of the Poloxamer: liquid, paste, or flakes.

Although the USP-NF contains specifications for five poloxamer grades, many more different poloxamers are commercially available that vary in their molecular weight and the proportion of oxyethylene present in the polymer.
Some poloxamers (e.g Poloxamer 188) are incompatible with parabens.



WHAT IS POLOXAMER?
Poloxamers (Poloxamer 101, Poloxamer 105, Poloxamer 108, Poloxamer 122, Poloxamer 123, Poloxamer 124, Poloxamer 181, Poloxamer 182, Poloxamer 183, Poloxamer 184, Poloxamer 185, Poloxamer 188, Poloxamer 212, Poloxamer 215, Poloxamer 217, Poloxamer 231, Poloxamer 234, Poloxamer 235, Poloxamer 237, Poloxamer 238, Poloxamer 282, Poloxamer 284, Poloxamer 288, Poloxamer 331, Poloxamer 333, Poloxamer 334, Poloxamer 335, Poloxamer 338, Poloxamer 401, Poloxamer 402, Poloxamer 403, Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 105 Benzoate, Poloxamer 182 Dibenzoate) are polymers made of a block of polyoxyethylene, followed by a block of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block of polyoxyethylene.

The average number of units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene varies based on the number associated with the polymer
A naturally occurring or synthetic molecule made up of repeating units called monomers.
For example, the smallest polymer, Poloxamer 101, consists of a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene, a block with an average of 16 units of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene.

Poloxamers range from colorless liquids and pastes to white solids.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Poloxamer is used in the formulation of skin cleansers, bath products, shampoos, hair conditioners, mouthwashes, eye makeup remover and other skin and hair products.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLOXAMER:
Chemical Name: Poloxamer
CAS Registration Number: [9003-11-6]
Empirical Formula: HO(C2H4O)a(C3H6O)b(C2H4O)aH
Molecular weight: 2090 – 14 600 (average)
Regulatory Status: PhEur; USP-NF; JPE
Acidity/aikalinity: pH = 5.0—7.4 for a 2.5% w/v aqueous solution
Cloud point: > 100C for a 1% w/s aqueous solution, and a 10% w/v aqueous solution of poloxamer 188
HLB value: 0.5 – 30
Melting Point: 16oC for poloxamer 124; 52 – 57oC for poloxamer 188;
49oC for poloxamer 237; 57oC for poloxamer 338 and 52-57 oC for poloxamer 407
Solubilitiy: Solubility varies according to the poloxamer type
Surface tension: 19.8 mN/m for a 0.1% w/v aqueous poloxamer 188 solution at 25C;
24.0mN/m for a 0.01% w/w aqueous poloxamer 188 solution at 25C;
26.0 mN/m for a 0.001% w/v aqueous poloxamer solution at 25 C

Viscosity (dynamic): 1000 mPas as a melt at 77C for poloxamer 188
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Physical data:
HLB values:
Poloxamer 124: 12 - 18
Poloxamer 188, 338: > 24
Poloxamer 407: 18 - 23
Oxyethylene content (%):
Poloxamer 124: 44.8 - 48.6%
Poloxamer 188: 79.9 - 83.7%
Poloxamer 338: 81.4 - 84.9%
Poloxamer 407: 71.5 - 74.9%



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLOXAMER:
Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLOXAMER:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLOXAMER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLOXAMER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
not required
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLOXAMER:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLOXAMER:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Poloxamer 124 is a polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene block polymer.
Poloxamer 124 is known for its ability to create a smooth, silky texture and its non-irritating and non-sensitizing properties.
The chemical formula of Poloxamer 124 is C5H10O2.


CAS Number: 9003-11-6
EC Number: 618-355-0
MDL Number: MFCD00082049
Chem/IUPAC Name: Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane (11;21)
Molecular Formula: C5H10O2



Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol), BLOCK COPOLYMER OF POLYETHYLENE AND POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL, SYNPERONIC F 108, SYNPERONIC L 121, SYNPERONIC L 122, SYNPERONIC P 105, SYNPERONIC P 85, SYNPERONIC PE(R)/F68, SYNPERONIC PE(R)/L61, Polyethylene-Polypropylene Glycol, Pluronic L44 INH, Lutrol, Monolan, Pluronic, poloxalkol, poloxamera, polyethylene-propylene glycol copolymer, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer, Supronic, Synperonic,



Poloxamer 124 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products.
This water-soluble polymer, Poloxamer 124, helps in emulsifying and stabilizing formulations, improving the texture, and enhancing the appearance of products.


Poloxamer 124 is a milky white paste or a colorless or almost colorless liquid.
Poloxamer 124 is soluble in water and in ethanol, practically insoluble in light petroleum.
Poloxamer 124 has an amphiphilic structure (both hydrophilic and lipophilic) and is a useful surfactant for the formulation of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals because it increases miscibility.


Poloxamer 124 is a synthetic
Poloxamer 124 is a cGMP Pharmaceutical Grade Excipient and is the only monographed poloxamer that is liquid at room temperature − making it ideal for a broad range of dosage forms.


As a liquid amphiphilic polymer, Poloxamer 124 helps solubilize APIs in the formulation.
Poloxamer 124 has an amphiphilic structure (both hydrophilic and lipophilic) and is a useful surfactant for the formulation of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals because it increases miscibility.


Poloxamers are block copolymers composed of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
With the suffixed number the mass percentages of the two components as well as the overall molecular mass are encoded.
Poloxamer 124 has an amphiphilic structure (both hydrophilic and lipophilic) and is a useful surfactant for the formulation of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals because it increases miscibility.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLOXAMER 124:
Poloxamer 124 is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in some makeup products and hair care products.
Poloxamer 124 is a versatile ingredient used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care formulations due to its texture-enhancing and emulsifying properties.


Poloxamer 124 is often added to products like creams and serums to create a smooth and silky texture and to improve the overall appearance and feel of the product.
Additionally, Poloxamer 124 can help to solubilize and stabilize other ingredients in make up and hair care formulations.
Poloxamer 124 has also been used to control thickness (viscosity) of personal care products and dish soaps.


Poloxamer 124 is also known for its non-irritating and non-sensitizing properties, making it suitable for use in products designed for sensitive skin.
Poloxamer 124 has an amphiphilic structure (both hydrophilic and lipophilic) and is a useful surfactant for the formulation of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals because it increases miscibility.


Poloxamer 124 has also been used to control thickness (viscosity) of personal care products and dish soaps.
Poloxamer 124 can be used as an excipient, such as Dispersant, emulsifier, solubilizer, lubricant, wetting agent, etc.
Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients.


Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations.
Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs.


Poloxamer 124 has also been used to control thickness (viscosity) of personal care products and dish soaps.
Poloxamer 124 is a High-HLB emulsiier that is commonly used in cleansing water formulas.
Poloxamer 124 is used to wash cosmetics.
Poloxamer 124 has also been used to control thickness (viscosity) of personal care products and dish soaps.



ORIGIN OF POLOXAMER 124:
Poloxamer 124 is synthesized by the polymerization of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, resulting in a block copolymer with a hydrophobic polypropylene oxide segment and a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide segment.
Poloxamer 124 appears as a white to off-white, waxy solid.



WHAT DOES POLOXAMER 124 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emulsifying
*Surfactant



FUNCTIONS OF POLOXAMER 124:
*Emulsifying :
Poloxamer 124 promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
*Surfactant :
Poloxamer 124 reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used



BENEFITS OF POLOXAMER 124:
*Only monographed poloxamer that is liquid at room temperature
Ideal for liquid dosage forms
*Poloxamer 124 has melting point around 16°C and a hydrophiilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value between 12-18
*Poloxamer 124 is used for liquid-filled softgel capsules as a dispersion medium for APIs, or as plasticizer for tablet formulations
*Poloxamer 124 is suitable for softgels, creams, foams, gels and emulsions




FUNCTIONS OF POLOXAMER 124 IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SURFACTANT - CLEANSING:
Surface-active agent to clean skin, hair and / or teeth

*SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING:
Poloxamer 124 allows the formation of finely dispersed mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)



SAFETY PROFILE OF POLOXAMER 124:
Poloxamer 124 is a safe ingredient.
Poloxamer 124 is non irritating and non-comedogenic, so it does not cause any sensitivity issues or acne.
However, a patch test should be performed.
Additionally, since Poloxamer 124 is a synthetic ingredient, it is generally considered vegan and halal.



ALTERNATIVES OF POLOXAMER 124:
*CETEARETH20,
*POLYGLYCERYL3 DIISOSTEARATE,
*SORBITAN STEARATE



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLOXAMER 124:
Physical state: powder
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: 56,8 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature:
No data available
Decomposition
temperature:
No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water:
No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting Point: 50-60°C
pH: 7.0
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Viscosity: Low

CAS: 9003-11-6
Molecular Formula: C5H10O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 102.13
InChI Key: RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYNA-N
IUPAC Name: 2-methyloxirane; oxirane
SMILES: C1CO1.CC1CO1
pH: 5.0 to 7.5
CAS Max %: 1
Water: 0.004
IUPAC Name: 2-methyloxirane;oxirane
Molecular Formula: C5H10O2
Canonical SMILES: CC1CO1.C1CO1
InChI Key: RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 32.9ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 60-50°C
Flash Point: 55.2°C
Density: 1.095 g/mL at 25°C

Appearance: White crystalline powder
Assay: 0.99
EC Number: 618-355-0
Exact Mass: 102.06800
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.466
Safety Description: 23-24/25-45-36/37/39-26
pH: 5.0 to 7.5
CAS Max %: 1
SMILES: C1CO1.CC1CO1
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 102.13
CAS:9003-11-6
Molecular Formula: C5H10O2
InChI Key: RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYNA-N
IUPAC Name: 2-methyloxirane; oxirane
Grade: Reagent
Water: 0.004



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLOXAMER 124:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLOXAMER 124:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLOXAMER 124:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLOXAMER 124:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLOXAMER 124:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLOXAMER 124:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Poloxamer 124 has an amphiphilic structure (both hydrophilic and lipophilic) and is a useful surfactant for the formulation of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals because it increases miscibility.
Poloxamer 124 has also been used to control thickness (viscosity) of personal care products and dish soaps.
Poloxamer 124 is a polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene block polymer.

CAS: 9003-11-6
MF: (C3H6O.C2H4O)x
MW: 102.1317
EINECS: 618-355-0

Poloxamer 124 is a type of nonionic surfactant that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products.
This water-soluble polymer helps in emulsifying and stabilizing formulations, improving the texture, and enhancing the appearance of products.
Poloxamer 124 is often used in skincare products such as creams, lotions, and serums, as well as in some makeup products and hair care products.
Poloxamer 124 is known for its ability to create a smooth, silky texture and its non-irritating and non-sensitizing properties.
The chemical formula of Poloxamer 124 is C5H10O2.
Poloxamer 124 is synthesized by the polymerization of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, resulting in a block copolymer with a hydrophobic polypropylene oxide segment and a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide segment.

Poloxamer 124 appears as a white to off-white, waxy solid.
Poloxamer 124 is a safe ingredient and has a very low toxicity profile.
Poloxamer 124 is non irritating and non-comedogenic, so it does not cause any sensitivity issues or acne.
However, a patch test should be performed.
Additionally, since Poloxamer 124 is a synthetic ingredient, it is generally considered vegan and halal.
Poloxamer 124 has an amphiphilic structure (both hydrophilic and lipophilic) and is a useful surfactant for the formulation of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals because it increases miscibility.

Poloxamer 124 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 57-61 °C
Boiling point: >200 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.095 g/mL at 25 °C
Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: n20/D 1.466
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility H2O: at Form: solution
Color: APHA: ≤120, 50/50 in CH3OH
PH: 5.0-7.5 (100g/L in H2O)
PH Range: 5.0 - 7.5
Water Solubility: Miscible with water.
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.3
λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0..2
Merck: 13,7644
LogP: -1.293 (est)
EPA Substance Registry System: Poloxamer 124 (9003-11-6)

Uses
Poloxamer 124 is a versatile ingredient used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care formulations due to its texture-enhancing and emulsifying properties.
Poloxamer 124 is often added to products like creams and serums to create a smooth and silky texture and to improve the overall appearance and feel of the product.
Additionally, Poloxamer 124 can help to solubilize and stabilize other ingredients in make up and hair care formulations.
Poloxamer 124 is also known for its non-irritating and non-sensitizing properties, making it suitable for use in products designed for sensitive skin.

Manufacturing Process
(A) In a 1-liter 3-necked round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, thermometer and propylene oxide feed inlet, there were placed 57 g (0.75 mol) of propylene glycol and 7.5 g of anhydrous sodium hydroxide.
The flask was purged with nitrogen to remove air and heated to 120°C with stirring and until the sodium hydroxide was dissolved.
Then sufficient propylene oxide was introduced into the mixture as fast as it would react until the product possessed a calculated molecular weight of 2,380.
Poloxamer 124 was cooled under nitrogen, the NaOH catalyst neutralized with sulfuric acid and the product filtered.
Poloxamer 124 was a waterinsoluble polyoxypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1,620 as determined by hydroxyl number or acetylation analytical test procedures.

(B) The foregoing polyoxypropylene glycol having an average 1,620 molecular weight was placed in the same apparatus as described in procedure (A), in the amount of 500 g (0.308 mol), to which there was added 5 g of anhydrous sodium hydroxide.
105 g of ethylene oxide was added at an average temperature of 120°C, using the same technique as employed in (A).
The amount of added ethylene oxide corresponded to 17.4% of the total weight of the Poloxamer 124 base plus the weight of added ethylene oxide.

Reports of adverse Effects
It was reported in The Australian newspaper 18 November 2006 that this common ingredient in toothpaste and mouthwash can cause high cholesterol in mice.
A team from the Centre for Ageing and the ANZAC Research Institute in Sydney used Poloxamer 124 as a tool to demonstrate that cells in the liver behave like a sieve.
They gave a high dose (1 gram per kilogram of body weight) of Poloxamer 124 to mice, which blocked 80% of the pores in liver cells that absorb lipoproteins, leading to a 10-fold increase in plasma lipid levels.
However, the dose used is far higher than a person would be exposed to in toothpaste or mouthwash.

Synonyms
Poloxalene
9003-11-6
Poloxamer 188
Poloxamer 407
106392-12-5
Pluronic F-68
2-methyloxirane;oxirane
TERGITOL(TM)XH(NONIONIC)
Pluronic L
Pluronic L 122
Pluronic
691397-13-4
Poloxalkol
F-108
Poloxamer 331
Pluronic L 61
Pluronic L-81
Therabloat
Proxanol
Epan 485
Epan 710
Epan 785
Bloat Guard
Tergitol XH
Pluronic L44
Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxiraneOTHER CA INDEX NAMES:Oxirane, polymer with methyloxirane
Pluronic F 38
Pluronic F 68
Pluronic F 108
Pluronic F 127
Pluronic L 101
Pluronic L 121
Pluronic L-101
2-methyloxirane; oxirane
Hydrowet
Proksanol
Regulaid
Slovanik
Magcyl
Pluracol V
Pluronic F
Pluronic P
Monolan PB
Pluriol PE
Poloxalene L64
Poloxamer (NF)
Pluronic-68
Pluronic F86
BSP 5000
Poloxamer 108
Poloxamer 182LF
Rokopol 16P
Rokopol 30P
component of Casakol
Pluronic 10R8
Pluronic 31R2
Pluronic F 68LF
Pluronic F 87
Pluronic F 88
Pluronic F 98
Pluronic L 24
Pluronic L 31
Pluronic L 35
Pluronic L 44
Pluronic L 62
Pluronic L 64
Pluronic L 68
Pluronic L 92
Pluronic L122
Pluronic P 75
Pluronic P 85
Pluronic P-65
Pluronic P-75
Propylen M 12
Proxanol 158
Proxanol 228
Slovanik 630
Slovanik 660
Supronic B 75
RC 102
Wyandotte 7135
Emkalyx EP 64
Emkalyx L101
Genapol PF 10
Nixolen SL 19
Rokopol 30P9
Tergitol monionic XH
Vepoloxamer (USAN)
Pluronic C 121
Pluronic F 125
Pluronic P 104
Supronic E 400
Teric PE40
Teric PE60
Teric PE70
Velvetol OE 2NT1
Lutrol F (TN)
Newpol PE-88
Nissan Pronon 201
Emkalyx L 101
Plonon 201
Plonon 204
Pronon 102
Pronon 104
Pronon 201
Pronon 204
Pronon 208
Unilube 50MB26X
oxirane-propylene oxide
SK&F 18,667
Teric PE 61
Teric PE 62
Laprol 1502
Pluriol PE 6810
Voranol P 2001
Berol TVM 370
PEG-PPG-PEG
Unilube 50MB168X
Monolan 8000E80
Niax LG 56
Tergitol XH (nonionic)
Thanol E 4003
Eban 710
Epan 750
Epon 420
PPG Diol 3000EO
Synperonic PE 30/40
Pluronic F87-A7850
Niax 16-46
SCHEMBL11737
Pluronic l62(mw 2500)
Pluronic l64(mw 2900)
ethylene oxide propylene oxide
Propylene Oxide Ethylene Oxide
TsL 431
ADEKA PLURONIC F-108
Oligoether L-1502-2-30
CHEBI:32026
TVM 370
RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LG 56
NSC63908
NSC-63908
WS 661
AKOS015912614
DB11451
SK & F 18,667
N 480
D01941
D10680
M 90/20
75H90000

SYNONYMS Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane (11;21);Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) CAS NO:9003-11-6

SYNONYMS Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane (11;21);Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) CAS NO:9003-11-6

SYNONYMS Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane (11;21);Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) CAS NO:9003-11-6

Poloxamer 188 is a nonionic block linear copolymer that exhibits rheologic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective activities in various tissue injury models.
Poloxamer 188 was originally approved by the FDA in the 1960s as a therapeutic agent to reduce viscosity in the blood before transfusions, however it is no longer available in any approved products.
Due to Poloxamer 188's sufactant properties, P188 may also be found in over-the-counter (OTC) products such as toothpaste, laxatives and mouthwash, and used in various cosmetic, industrial and pharmaceutical applications.

CAS: 9003-11-6
MF: (C3H6O.C2H4O)x
MW: 102.1317
EINECS: 618-355-0

There is an evidence of Poloxamer 188 increasing the structural stability and resealing of the plasma membrane via direct incorporation into the phospholipid bilayer.
The ability of Poloxamer 188 in attenuating membrane damage and cell injury has been demonstrated in a variety of in vivo and in vitro models.
The use of Poloxamer 188 as a potential treatment in different pathological conditions, such as chronic microvascular diseases and skeletal muscle deficiencies, is under investigation
Poloxamer 188 is a non-ionic surfactant used to control shear forces in suspension cultures.
Poloxamer 188 can also be used to reduce foaming in stirred cultures and reduce cell attachment to glass.
Poloxamer 188 is provided at a concentration of 10% and effective at a working concentration of 0.1%.
Poloxamer 188 BIO is supplied as white to slightly yellowish, coarse grained powder with a waxy consistency.
Poloxamer 188 is freely soluble in ethanol, freely soluble in water (opalescent solution), and is insoluble in diethyl ether, paraffin and fatty oils.

Poloxamer 188 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 57-61 °C
Boiling point: >200 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.095 g/mL at 25 °C
Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: <0.3 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.466
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility H2O: at <70 °Csoluble
Form: solution
Color: APHA: ≤120, 50/50 in CH3OH
PH: 5.0-7.5 (100g/L in H2O)
PH Range: 5.0 - 7.5
Water Solubility: Miscible with water.
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.3
λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0..2
Merck: 13,7644
LogP: -1.293 (est)
EPA Substance Registry System: Poloxamer 188 (9003-11-6)

Mechanism of action
Poloxamer 188 seals stable defects in cell membranes induced by skeletal muscle cell membranes rupture induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury, electroporation, irradiation, and heat damage.
The full mechanism of action of Poloxamer 188 in inducing cytoprotective effects is not clear; however, based on in vitro experiments and the structural similarity to plasmalemma, Poloxamer 188 may be directly incorporated into the phospholipid bilayer to attenuate the extent of tissue injury.
Poloxamer 188s high surface activity facilitates P188 to be inserted into lipid monolayers.
Poloxamer 188 is proposed to exert localized actions by only interacting with damaged and compromised bilayers where the local lipid packing density is reduced .
In addition to the direct interaction with the membrane, Poloxamer 188 was shown to inhibit MMP-9 protein levels and activity, as well as the NF-κB signal pathway, in the model of acute cerebral ischemia, which is associated with increased BBB permeability leading to cerebral edema and increased penetration.
Poloxamer 188 is a key factor in extracellular matrix.

Manufacturing Process
(A) In a 1-liter 3-necked round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, thermometer and propylene oxide feed inlet, there were placed 57 g (0.75 mol) of propylene glycol and 7.5 g of anhydrous sodium hydroxide.
The flask was purged with nitrogen to remove air and heated to 120°C with stirring and until the sodium hydroxide was dissolved.
Then sufficient propylene oxide was introduced into the mixture as fast as it would react until the product possessed a calculated molecular weight of 2,380.
Poloxamer 188 was cooled under nitrogen, the NaOH catalyst neutralized with sulfuric acid and the product filtered.
The final product was a waterinsoluble polyoxypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1,620 as determined by hydroxyl number or acetylation analytical test procedures.

(B) The foregoing polyoxypropylene glycol having an average 1,620 molecular weight was placed in the same apparatus as described in procedure (A), in the amount of 500 g (0.308 mol), to which there was added 5 g of anhydrous sodium hydroxide.
105 g of ethylene oxide was added at an average temperature of 120°C, using the same technique as employed in (A).
The amount of added ethylene oxide corresponded to 17.4% of the total weight of the Poloxamer 188 base plus the weight of added ethylene oxide.

Reports of adverse Effects
Poloxamer 188 was reported in The Australian newspaper 18 November 2006 that this common ingredient in toothpaste and mouthwash can cause high cholesterol in mice.
A team from the Centre for Ageing and the ANZAC Research Institute in Sydney used Poloxamer 188 as a tool to demonstrate that cells in the liver behave like a sieve.
They gave a high dose (1 gram per kilogram of body weight) of Poloxamer 188 to mice, which blocked 80% of the pores in liver cells that absorb lipoproteins, leading to a 10-fold increase in plasma lipid levels.
However, the dose used is far higher than a person would be exposed to in toothpaste or mouthwash.

Synonyms
Poloxalene
9003-11-6
Poloxamer 188
Poloxamer 407
106392-12-5
Pluronic F-68
2-methyloxirane;oxirane
TERGITOL(TM)XH(NONIONIC)
Pluronic L
Pluronic L 122
Pluronic
691397-13-4
Poloxalkol
F-108
Poloxamer 331
Pluronic L 61
Pluronic L-81
Therabloat
Proxanol
Epan 485
Epan 710
Epan 785
Bloat Guard
Tergitol XH
Pluronic L44
Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxiraneOTHER CA INDEX NAMES:Oxirane, polymer with methyloxirane
Pluronic F 38
Pluronic F 68
Pluronic F 108
Pluronic F 127
Pluronic L 101
Pluronic L 121
Pluronic L-101
2-methyloxirane; oxirane
Hydrowet
Proksanol
Regulaid
Slovanik
Magcyl
Pluracol V
Pluronic F
Pluronic P
Monolan PB
Pluriol PE
Poloxalene L64
Poloxamer (NF)
Pluronic-68
Pluronic F86
BSP 5000
Poloxamer 108
Poloxamer 182LF
Rokopol 16P
Rokopol 30P
component of Casakol
Pluronic 10R8
Pluronic 31R2
Pluronic F 68LF
Pluronic F 87
Pluronic F 88
Pluronic F 98
Pluronic L 24
Pluronic L 31
Pluronic L 35
Pluronic L 44
Pluronic L 62
Pluronic L 64
Pluronic L 68
Pluronic L 92
Pluronic L122
Pluronic P 75
Pluronic P 85
Pluronic P-65
Pluronic P-75
Propylen M 12
Proxanol 158
Proxanol 228
Slovanik 630
Slovanik 660
Supronic B 75
RC 102
Wyandotte 7135
Emkalyx EP 64
Emkalyx L101
Genapol PF 10
Nixolen SL 19
Rokopol 30P9
Tergitol monionic XH
Vepoloxamer (USAN)
Pluronic C 121
Pluronic F 125
Pluronic P 104
Supronic E 400
Teric PE40
Teric PE60
Teric PE70
Velvetol OE 2NT1
Lutrol F (TN)
Newpol PE-88
Nissan Pronon 201
Emkalyx L 101
Plonon 201
Plonon 204
Pronon 102
Pronon 104
Pronon 201
Pronon 204
Pronon 208
Unilube 50MB26X
oxirane-propylene oxide
SK&F 18,667
Teric PE 61
Teric PE 62
Laprol 1502
Pluriol PE 6810
Voranol P 2001
Berol TVM 370
PEG-PPG-PEG
Unilube 50MB168X
Monolan 8000E80
Niax LG 56
Tergitol XH (nonionic)
Thanol E 4003
Eban 710
Epan 750
Epon 420
PPG Diol 3000EO
Synperonic PE 30/40
Pluronic F87-A7850
Niax 16-46
SCHEMBL11737
Pluronic l62(mw 2500)
Pluronic l64(mw 2900)
ethylene oxide propylene oxide
Propylene Oxide Ethylene Oxide
TsL 431
ADEKA PLURONIC F-108
Oligoether L-1502-2-30
CHEBI:32026
TVM 370
RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LG 56
NSC63908
NSC-63908
WS 661
AKOS015912614
DB11451
SK & F 18,667
N 480
D01941
D10680
M 90/20
75H90000

Poloxamer 338 is supplied as white or almost white, coarse grained powder with a waxy consistency.
Poloxamer 338 is freely soluble in water (opalescent solution) and ethanol; insoluble in diethyl ether, paraffin and fatty oils.
Poloxamer 338 primarily used as thickening agents and gel formers but also as wetting agents, as emulsifiers and solubilizers

CAS: 9003-11-6
MF: (C3H6O.C2H4O)x
MW: 102.1317
EINECS: 618-355-0

Poloxamer 338 shows characteristic property of thermoreversible gelation upon cooling or heating
The high performance and safety is backed by comprehensive documentation.
Poloxamer 338 , also known as Pluronic, is a nonionic triblock copolymer composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) units.
Poloxamer 338 is a clear, viscous liquid or solid at room temperature, depending on its specific grade.
Poloxamers are designated with a number, such as Poloxamer 188 or Poloxamer 338, which indicates their molecular weight and composition.
Poloxamer 338 is a polyoxyethylene polymer and hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant.
Poloxamer 338 consists of a central hydrophobic block of polypropylene glycol that is flanked on each side by polyethylene glycol blocks, both hydrophilic in nature.
Poloxamer 338 is used as an emulsifying agent and solubilizing agent in cosmetic and personal products such as contact lens cleaning solutions.

Poloxamer 338 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 57-61 °C
Boiling point: >200 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.095 g/mL at 25 °C
Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: n20/D 1.466
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility H2O: at Form: solution
Color: APHA: ≤120, 50/50 in CH3OH
PH: 5.0-7.5 (100g/L in H2O)
PH Range: 5.0 - 7.5
Water Solubility: Miscible with water.
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.3
λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0..2
Merck: 13,7644
LogP: -1.293 (est)
EPA Substance Registry System: Poloxamer 338 (9003-11-6)

Uses
Poloxamer 338 has various applications in different industries, including:

Pharmaceutical and medical: Poloxamer 338 is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations and medical applications.
Poloxamer 338 is employed as a solubilizer, emulsifier, and stabilizer in liquid and semi-solid dosage forms such as creams, ointments, gels, and suppositories.
Poloxamer 338 can improve drug solubility, enhance bioavailability, and provide controlled drug release.
They are also utilized in eye drops, nasal sprays, and other topical formulations.

Personal care and cosmetics: Poloxamer 338 is utilized in the personal care and cosmetic industry.
Poloxamer 338 is commonly found in skincare products, cleansers, shampoos, and conditioners.
Poloxamers act as emulsifiers, surfactants, and texture modifiers, providing stability, foam enhancement, and improved sensory properties.

Industrial applications: Poloxamer 338 has industrial applications as well.
Poloxamer 338 is used as a lubricant and dispersant in various industrial processes, including plastics manufacturing, rubber production, and metalworking.
Poloxamer 338 can improve flow properties, reduce friction, and aid in dispersion of particles.

Manufacturing Process
(A) In a 1-liter 3-necked round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, thermometer and propylene oxide feed inlet, there were placed 57 g (0.75 mol) of propylene glycol and 7.5 g of anhydrous sodium hydroxide.
The flask was purged with nitrogen to remove air and heated to 120°C with stirring and until the sodium hydroxide was dissolved.
Then sufficient propylene oxide was introduced into the mixture as fast as it would react until the product possessed a calculated molecular weight of 2,380.
Poloxamer 338 was cooled under nitrogen, the NaOH catalyst neutralized with sulfuric acid and the product filtered.
Poloxamer 338 was a waterinsoluble polyoxypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1,620 as determined by hydroxyl number or acetylation analytical test procedures.

(B) The foregoing polyoxypropylene glycol having an average 1,620 molecular weight was placed in the same apparatus as described in procedure (A), in the amount of 500 g (0.308 mol), to which there was added 5 g of anhydrous sodium hydroxide.
105 g of ethylene oxide was added at an average temperature of 120°C, using the same technique as employed in (A).
The amount of added ethylene oxide corresponded to 17.4% of the total weight of the Poloxamer 338 base plus the weight of added ethylene oxide.

Reports of adverse Effects
Poloxamer 338 was reported in The Australian newspaper 18 November 2006 that this common ingredient in toothpaste and mouthwash can cause high cholesterol in mice.
A team from the Centre for Ageing and the ANZAC Research Institute in Sydney used it as a tool to demonstrate that cells in the liver behave like a sieve.
They gave a high dose (1 gram per kilogram of body weight) of Poloxamer 338 to mice, which blocked 80% of the pores in liver cells that absorb lipoproteins, leading to a 10-fold increase in plasma lipid levels.
However, the dose used is far higher than a person would be exposed to in toothpaste or mouthwash.

Synonyms
Poloxalene
9003-11-6
Poloxamer 188
Poloxamer 407
106392-12-5
Pluronic F-68
2-methyloxirane;oxirane
TERGITOL(TM)XH(NONIONIC)
Pluronic L
Pluronic L 122
Pluronic
691397-13-4
Poloxalkol
F-108
Poloxamer 331
Pluronic L 61
Pluronic L-81
Therabloat
Proxanol
Epan 485
Epan 710
Epan 785
Bloat Guard
Tergitol XH
Pluronic L44
Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxiraneOTHER CA INDEX NAMES:Oxirane, polymer with methyloxirane
Pluronic F 38
Pluronic F 68
Pluronic F 108
Pluronic F 127
Pluronic L 101
Pluronic L 121
Pluronic L-101
2-methyloxirane; oxirane
Hydrowet
Proksanol
Regulaid
Slovanik
Magcyl
Pluracol V
Pluronic F
Pluronic P
Monolan PB
Pluriol PE
Poloxalene L64
Poloxamer (NF)
Pluronic-68
Pluronic F86
BSP 5000
Poloxamer 108
Poloxamer 182LF
Rokopol 16P
Rokopol 30P
component of Casakol
Pluronic 10R8
Pluronic 31R2
Pluronic F 68LF
Pluronic F 87
Pluronic F 88
Pluronic F 98
Pluronic L 24
Pluronic L 31
Pluronic L 35
Pluronic L 44
Pluronic L 62
Pluronic L 64
Pluronic L 68
Pluronic L 92
Pluronic L122
Pluronic P 75
Pluronic P 85
Pluronic P-65
Pluronic P-75
Propylen M 12
Proxanol 158
Proxanol 228
Slovanik 630
Slovanik 660
Supronic B 75
RC 102
Wyandotte 7135
Emkalyx EP 64
Emkalyx L101
Genapol PF 10
Nixolen SL 19
Rokopol 30P9
Tergitol monionic XH
Vepoloxamer (USAN)
Pluronic C 121
Pluronic F 125
Pluronic P 104
Supronic E 400
Teric PE40
Teric PE60
Teric PE70
Velvetol OE 2NT1
Lutrol F (TN)
Newpol PE-88
Nissan Pronon 201
Emkalyx L 101
Plonon 201
Plonon 204
Pronon 102
Pronon 104
Pronon 201
Pronon 204
Pronon 208
Unilube 50MB26X
oxirane-propylene oxide
SK&F 18,667
Teric PE 61
Teric PE 62
Laprol 1502
Pluriol PE 6810
Voranol P 2001
Berol TVM 370
PEG-PPG-PEG
Unilube 50MB168X
Monolan 8000E80
Niax LG 56
Tergitol XH (nonionic)
Thanol E 4003
Eban 710
Epan 750
Epon 420
PPG Diol 3000EO
Synperonic PE 30/40
Pluronic F87-A7850
Niax 16-46
SCHEMBL11737
Pluronic l62(mw 2500)
Pluronic l64(mw 2900)
ethylene oxide propylene oxide
Propylene Oxide Ethylene Oxide
TsL 431
ADEKA PLURONIC F-108
Oligoether L-1502-2-30
CHEBI:32026
TVM 370
RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LG 56
NSC63908
NSC-63908
WS 661
AKOS015912614
DB11451
SK & F 18,667
N 480
D01941
D10680
M 90/20
75H90000

POLOXAMER 101;N° CAS : 9003-11-6;Origine(s) : Synthétique;Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 101;Classification : Polymère de synthèse;Ses fonctions (INCI).Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile).Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Les poloxamères sont des copolymères non-ioniques à trois blocs, possédant typiquement un bloc central « hydrophobe » de polypropylène glycol (aussi appelé poly(oxyde de propylène)) et deux blocs externes hydrophiles de polyéthylène glycol (aussi appelé poly(oxyde d'éthylène)). Ces copolymères de type poly(oxyde d'éthylène-b-oxyde de propylène-b-oxyde d'éthylène) ont pour formule générale H(OCH2CH2)x(OCH(CH3)CH2)y(OCH2CH2)xOH ou pour simplifier (EO)x(PO)y(EO)x. Le mot « poloxamère » a été créé par l'inventeur, Irving Schmolka, qui a déposé un brevet pour ces molécules en 1973.Du fait que la longueur des blocs du poloxamère peut être modifiée, il existe beaucoup de poloxamères différents, qui ont des propriétés légèrement différentes.Du fait de leur structure amphiphile, les poloxamères ont des propriétés surfactantes qui les rendent utiles dans le domaine industriel. Entre autres, ils peuvent être utilisés pour augmenter la solubilité dans l'eau de substances hydrophobes et huileuses, ou augmenter la miscibilité de deux substances de différente hydrophobicité.

Poloxamer 407 is an epoxide.
Poloxamer 407 is a lipoprotein secretion inhibitor.
Poloxamer 407 is a liquid surfactant polymer.

CAS: 9003-11-6
MF: (C3H6O.C2H4O)x
MW: 102.1317
EINECS: 618-355-0

Polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene block polymers are referred to as Poloxamer 407.
Poloxamer 407 are known by the trade name PluronicR followed by a letter and number, either L, F, or P, which refers to liquid, flake, or paste physical forms, respectively.
Poloxamer 407 is a polyoxyethylene polymer and a hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant.
Poloxamer 407 is made up of two blocks of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol on either side of a central hydrophobic polypropylene glycol block.
In cosmetic and personal products, Poloxamer 407 is used as an emulsifier and solubilizer.
Poloxamer 407 is a hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant of the more general class of copolymers known as poloxamers.

Poloxamer 407 is a triblock copolymer consisting of a central hydrophobic block of polypropylene glycol flanked by two hydrophilic blocks of polyethylene glycol (PEG).
The approximate lengths of the two PEG blocks is 101 repeat units, while the approximate length of the propylene glycol block is 56 repeat units.
This particular compound is also known by the BASF trade name Poloxamer 407 or by the Croda trade name Synperonic PE/F 127.
BASF also offers a pharmaceutical grade, under trade name Kolliphor Poloxamer 407.
Poloxamer 407 is a polyoxyethylene polymer and hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant.
Poloxamer 407 consists of a central hydrophobic block of polypropylene glycol that is flanked on each side by polyethylene glycol blocks, both hydrophilic in nature.
Poloxamer 407 is used as an emulsifying agent and solubilizing agent in cosmetic and personal products such as contact lens cleaning solutions.

Poloxamer 407 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 57-61 °C
Boiling point: >200 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.095 g/mL at 25 °C
Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: n20/D 1.466
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility H2O: at Form: solution
Color: APHA: ≤120, 50/50 in CH3OH
PH: 5.0-7.5 (100g/L in H2O)
PH Range: 5.0 - 7.5
Water Solubility: Miscible with water.
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.3
λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0..2
Merck: 13,7644
LogP: -1.293 (est)
EPA Substance Registry System: Poloxamer 407 (9003-11-6)

Poloxamer 407 generally occur as white, waxy, free-flowing prilled granules, or as cast solids.
They are practically odorless and tasteless.
At room temperature, Poloxamer 407 occurs as a colorless liquid.

Uses
Hard and soft surface cleaners, defoamers in coatings and water treatment.
Lubricant in metal working, anti-foaming aid and extender for linear and cross-linked polyesters and polyurethanes.
Most of the common uses of Poloxamer 407 are related to its surfactant properties.
For example, Poloxamer 407 is widely used in cosmetics for dissolving oily ingredients in water.
Poloxamer 407 can also be found in multi-purpose contact lens cleaning solutions, where its purpose there is to help remove lipid films from the lens.
Poloxamer 407 can also be found in some mouthwashes.
There is research ongoing for using Poloxamer 407 for aligning severed blood vessels before gluing them surgically.
Poloxamer 407 can also be used for its thermogelling properties in aqueous media.
Poloxamer 407 is approved by the FDA for use as an excipient in a range of pharmaceutical dosage forms, and is listed in the Inactive Ingredient Database (IID).
Poloxamer 407 is used in bioprinting applications due to its unique phase-change properties.
In a 30% solution by weight, poloxamer 407 forms a gel solid at room temperature but liquifies when chilled to 4 °C (39 °F).
This allows poloxamer 407 to serve as a removable support material, particularly for creating hollow channels or cavities inside hydrogels.
In this role, Poloxamer 407 is often referred to as a "sacrificial ink" or a "fugitive ink".

Pharmaceutical Applications
Poloxamer 407 is nonionic polyoxyethylene–polyoxypropylene copolymers used primarily in pharmaceutical formulations as emulsifying or solubilizing agents.
The polyoxyethylene segment is hydrophilic while the polyoxypropylene segment is hydrophobic.
All of the Poloxamer 407 is chemically similar in composition, differing only in the relative amounts of propylene and ethylene oxides added during manufacture.
Their physical and surface-active properties vary over a wide range and a number of different types are commercially available;
Poloxamer 407 is used as emulsifying agents in intravenous fat emulsions, and as solubilizing and stabilizing agents to maintain the clarity of elixirs and syrups.

Poloxamer 407 may also be used as wetting agents; in ointments, suppository bases, and gels; and as tablet binders and coatings.
Poloxamer 407 has also been used as an emulsifying agent for fluorocarbons used as artificial blood substitutes, and in the preparation of solid-dispersion systems.
More recently,Poloxamer 407 has found use in drug-delivery systems.
Therapeutically, Poloxamer 407 is administered orally as a wetting agent and stool lubricant in the treatment of constipation; Poloxamer 407 is usually used in combination with a laxative such as danthron.
Poloxamer 407 may also be used therapeutically as wetting agents in eye-drop formulations, in the treatment of kidney stones, and as skin-wound cleansers.
Poloxamer 338 and 407 are used in solutions for contact lens care.

Production Methods
Poloxamer polymers are prepared by reacting propylene oxide with propylene glycol to form polyoxypropylene glycol.
Ethylene oxide is then added to form the block copolymer.

Manufacturing Process
(A) In a 1-liter 3-necked round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, thermometer and propylene oxide feed inlet, there were placed 57 g (0.75 mol) of propylene glycol and 7.5 g of anhydrous sodium hydroxide.
The flask was purged with nitrogen to remove air and heated to 120°C with stirring and until the sodium hydroxide was dissolved.
Then sufficient propylene oxide was introduced into the mixture as fast as it would react until the product possessed a calculated molecular weight of 2,380.
The product was cooled under nitrogen, the NaOH catalyst neutralized with sulfuric acid and the product filtered.
The final product was a water insoluble Poloxamer 407polyoxypropylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 1,620 as determined by hydroxyl number or acetylation analytical test procedures.

(B) The foregoing polyoxypropylene glycol having an average 1,620 molecular weight was placed in the same apparatus as described in procedure (A), in the amount of 500 g (0.308 mol), to which there was added 5 g of anhydrous sodium hydroxide.
105 g of ethylene oxide was added at an average temperature of 120°C, using the same technique as employed in (A).
The amount of added ethylene oxide corresponded to 17.4% of the total weight of the polyoxypropylene glycol base plus the weight of added ethylene oxide.

Reports of adverse Effects
Poloxamer 407 was reported in The Australian newspaper 18 November 2006 that this common ingredient in toothpaste and mouthwash can cause high cholesterol in mice.
A team from the Centre for Ageing and the ANZAC Research Institute in Sydney used Poloxamer 407 as a tool to demonstrate that cells in the liver behave like a sieve.
They gave a high dose (1 gram per kilogram of body weight) of poloxamer 407 to mice, which blocked 80% of the pores in liver cells that absorb lipoproteins, leading to a 10-fold increase in plasma lipid levels.
However, the dose used is far higher than a person would be exposed to in toothpaste or mouthwash.

Synonyms
Poloxalene
9003-11-6
Poloxamer 188
Poloxamer 407
106392-12-5
Pluronic F-68
2-methyloxirane;oxirane
TERGITOL(TM)XH(NONIONIC)
Pluronic L
Pluronic L 122
Pluronic
691397-13-4
Poloxalkol
F-108
Poloxamer 331
Pluronic L 61
Pluronic L-81
Therabloat
Proxanol
Epan 485
Epan 710
Epan 785
Bloat Guard
Tergitol XH
Pluronic L44
Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxiraneOTHER CA INDEX NAMES:Oxirane, polymer with methyloxirane
Pluronic F 38
Pluronic F 68
Pluronic F 108
Pluronic F 127
Pluronic L 101
Pluronic L 121
Pluronic L-101
2-methyloxirane; oxirane
Hydrowet
Proksanol
Regulaid
Slovanik
Magcyl
Pluracol V
Pluronic F
Pluronic P
Monolan PB
Pluriol PE
Poloxalene L64
Poloxamer (NF)
Pluronic-68
Pluronic F86
BSP 5000
Poloxamer 108
Poloxamer 182LF
Rokopol 16P
Rokopol 30P
component of Casakol
Pluronic 10R8
Pluronic 31R2
Pluronic F 68LF
Pluronic F 87
Pluronic F 88
Pluronic F 98
Pluronic L 24
Pluronic L 31
Pluronic L 35
Pluronic L 44
Pluronic L 62
Pluronic L 64
Pluronic L 68
Pluronic L 92
Pluronic L122
Pluronic P 75
Pluronic P 85
Pluronic P-65
Pluronic P-75
Propylen M 12
Proxanol 158
Proxanol 228
Slovanik 630
Slovanik 660
Supronic B 75
RC 102
Wyandotte 7135
Emkalyx EP 64
Emkalyx L101
Genapol PF 10
Nixolen SL 19
Rokopol 30P9
Tergitol monionic XH
Vepoloxamer (USAN)
Pluronic C 121
Pluronic F 125
Pluronic P 104
Supronic E 400
Teric PE40
Teric PE60
Teric PE70
Velvetol OE 2NT1
Lutrol F (TN)
Newpol PE-88
Nissan Pronon 201
Emkalyx L 101
Plonon 201
Plonon 204
Pronon 102
Pronon 104
Pronon 201
Pronon 204
Pronon 208
Unilube 50MB26X
oxirane-propylene oxide
SK&F 18,667
Teric PE 61
Teric PE 62
Laprol 1502
Pluriol PE 6810
Voranol P 2001
Berol TVM 370
PEG-PPG-PEG
Unilube 50MB168X
Monolan 8000E80
Niax LG 56
Tergitol XH (nonionic)
Thanol E 4003
Eban 710
Epan 750
Epon 420
PPG Diol 3000EO
Synperonic PE 30/40
Pluronic F87-A7850
Niax 16-46
SCHEMBL11737
Pluronic l62(mw 2500)
Pluronic l64(mw 2900)
ethylene oxide propylene oxide
Propylene Oxide Ethylene Oxide
TsL 431
ADEKA PLURONIC F-108
Oligoether L-1502-2-30
CHEBI:32026
TVM 370
RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LG 56
NSC63908
NSC-63908
WS 661
AKOS015912614
DB11451
SK & F 18,667
N 480
D01941
D10680
M 90/20
75H90000

POLOXAMER 124;N° CAS : 9003-11-6;Origine(s) : Synthétique;Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 101;Classification : Polymère de synthèse;Ses fonctions (INCI).Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile).Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Les poloxamères sont des copolymères non-ioniques à trois blocs, possédant typiquement un bloc central « hydrophobe » de polypropylène glycol (aussi appelé poly(oxyde de propylène)) et deux blocs externes hydrophiles de polyéthylène glycol (aussi appelé poly(oxyde d'éthylène)). Ces copolymères de type poly(oxyde d'éthylène-b-oxyde de propylène-b-oxyde d'éthylène) ont pour formule générale H(OCH2CH2)x(OCH(CH3)CH2)y(OCH2CH2)xOH ou pour simplifier (EO)x(PO)y(EO)x. Le mot « poloxamère » a été créé par l'inventeur, Irving Schmolka, qui a déposé un brevet pour ces molécules en 1973.Du fait que la longueur des blocs du poloxamère peut être modifiée, il existe beaucoup de poloxamères différents, qui ont des propriétés légèrement différentes.Du fait de leur structure amphiphile, les poloxamères ont des propriétés surfactantes qui les rendent utiles dans le domaine industriel. Entre autres, ils peuvent être utilisés pour augmenter la solubilité dans l'eau de substances hydrophobes et huileuses, ou augmenter la miscibilité de deux substances de différente hydrophobicité.

POLOXAMER 181;N° CAS : 9003-11-6;Origine(s) : Synthétique;Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 101;Classification : Polymère de synthèse;Ses fonctions (INCI).Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile).Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Les poloxamères sont des copolymères non-ioniques à trois blocs, possédant typiquement un bloc central « hydrophobe » de polypropylène glycol (aussi appelé poly(oxyde de propylène)) et deux blocs externes hydrophiles de polyéthylène glycol (aussi appelé poly(oxyde d'éthylène)). Ces copolymères de type poly(oxyde d'éthylène-b-oxyde de propylène-b-oxyde d'éthylène) ont pour formule générale H(OCH2CH2)x(OCH(CH3)CH2)y(OCH2CH2)xOH ou pour simplifier (EO)x(PO)y(EO)x. Le mot « poloxamère » a été créé par l'inventeur, Irving Schmolka, qui a déposé un brevet pour ces molécules en 1973.Du fait que la longueur des blocs du poloxamère peut être modifiée, il existe beaucoup de poloxamères différents, qui ont des propriétés légèrement différentes.Du fait de leur structure amphiphile, les poloxamères ont des propriétés surfactantes qui les rendent utiles dans le domaine industriel. Entre autres, ils peuvent être utilisés pour augmenter la solubilité dans l'eau de substances hydrophobes et huileuses, ou augmenter la miscibilité de deux substances de différente hydrophobicité.

POLOXAMER 184;N° CAS : 9003-11-6;Origine(s) : Synthétique;Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 184;Classification : Polymère de synthèse, Tensioactif non ionique;À SAVOIRLe Poloxamer 184, est un tensioactif non ionique composé de trois blocs polymères. lI est utilisé dans la formulation de nettoyants pour la peau, de produits de bain, de shampooings, de revitalisants, de bains de bouche, de démaquillants pour les yeux et d'autres produits pour la peau et les cheveux. On le retrouve très présent dans les eaux micellaires.Ses fonctions (INCI); Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile); Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

POLOXAMER 185. N° CAS : 9003-11-6. Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 185. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

POLOXAMER 188;N° CAS : 9003-11-6;Origine(s) : Synthétique;Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 188;Classification : Polymère de synthèse;Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

POLOXAMER 231, N° CAS : 9003-11-6. Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 231. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

POLOXAMER 338; N° CAS : 9003-11-6; Origine(s) : Synthétique;Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 338;Classification : Polymère de synthèse;Ses fonctions (INCI);Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile);Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

POLOXAMER 407, N° CAS : 9003-11-6, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : POLOXAMER 407, Classification : Polymère de synthèse. Le poloxamère 407, est un tensioactif non ionique appartenant à la classe des copolymères. Il est utilisé dans les produits cosmétiques pour dissoudre les ingrédients huileux dans l'eau. On le trouve assez souvent dans les bains de bouche. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

Poly Aluminum Chloride; Polyaluminum chlorohydrate; PAC; Polyaluminum hydroxychloride; cas no: 1327-41-9

Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride; Polihexanide HCl; Lavasept; BG-IR; Arlagard E; Acticide SR 1296; polihexanidum CAS NO:32289-58-0

DESCRIPTION:
Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl Acetate) can be used as a starting material to prepare a quasi-solid polymer electrolyte (QSPE) for dye-sensitized solar cells.

Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl Acetate) can be used to preparepolymer blend membranes for pervaporation separation of ethanol and2-ethylhexanol mixtures.

CAS number 25086-89-9

EINECS:200-001-8

MF: C10H15NO3

MW: 197.23



SYNONYMS OF POLY(1-VINYLPYRROLIDONE-CO-VINYL ACETATE)
Aceticacid,ethenylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone; aceticacidethenylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone;


Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl Acetate) is a water-soluble polymer resin, which is a white powder, odorless and tasteless, easy to absorb moisture, soluble in water, ethanol and anhydrous alcohols, and has good adhesion, hygroscopicity and film-forming properties. and surface activity.

APPLICATIONS OF POLY(1-VINYLPYRROLIDONE-CO-VINYL ACETATE):
Pharmaceutical field: VA64 is mainly used as a water-soluble adhesive and dry adhesive in granulation and direct compression technology, as a film-forming material in film coating, and as a channel former in taste-masking agents.
Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl Acetate) is applied to the sugar coating to prevent splintering, and the bottom coating is used to prevent moisture.

Industrial fields:
Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl Acetate) is used in industry as rewetting adhesives, adhesives for paper, adhesives for coatings, thickeners and protective colloids for various inks, emulsifiers commonly used in plant protection agents and protective colloid.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLY(1-VINYLPYRROLIDONE-CO-VINYL ACETATE)
Product Name: Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate)
form
powder
Quality Level
200
mol wt
average Mw ~50,000 (GPC vs. poly(ethylene oxide))
transition temp
Tg 64 °C
density
1.27 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
InChI
1S/C6H9NO.C4H6O2/c1-2-7-5-3-4-6(7)8;1-3-6-4(2)5/h2H,1,3-5H2;3H,1H2,2H3
InChI key
FYUWIEKAVLOHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Appearance Colorless to Light orange to Yellow clear liquid
Total Nitrogen 4.2 to 4.8 %
Evaporation residue 46.0 to 54.0 %
Viscosity 800.0 to 3,000.0 mPa-s
Appearance White or slightly yellow hygroscopic powder or flakes
Solubility Soluble in water, 96% ethanol or chloroform
Identify A, B Meet the requirments
Solution Appearance Clear to cloudy
PH 3.0-7.0
Aldehyde ppm ≤500
Peroxide ppm ≤ 400
NVP ppm ≤ 10.0
Vinyl acetate ppm ≤ 5.0
Saponification value mg/g 230-270
Residue on ignition% ≤ 0.1
Vinyl acetate% 35.3-42.0
Hydrazine ppm ≤ 1.0
2-P% ≤ 0.5
Moisture% ≤ 5.0
Heavy metal ppm ≤ 20
Nitrogen content% 7.0-8.0
K value 26.0- 36.0
Appearance: White powder
Test: ≥99.00%
Density: 1.27
Boiling point: 217.6°C at 760 mmHg
Flash point: 254.7±28.5°C
Vapor pressure: 0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
Refractive index: 1.517
Stability: Stable. Fuel, especially in powder form. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents.
Vapor pressure: 0.132mmHg at 25°C
density 1.27 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
form powder
InChI key FYUWIEKAVLOHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI 1S/C6H9NO.C4H6O2/c1-2-7-5-3-4-6(7)8;1-3-6-4(2)5/h2H,1,3-5H2;3H,1H2,2H3
mol wt average Mw ~50,000 (GPC vs. poly(ethylene oxide))
Quality Level 200
transition temp Tg 64 °C





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POLY(1-VINYLPYRROLIDONE-CO-VINYL ACETATE)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is used in pressure-sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.


CAS Number: 9004-74-4
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
Molecular Formula: CH3O(CH2CH2O)nH



SYNONYMS:
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-methyl-ω-hydroxy-, Glycols,polyethylene,monomethyl ether, Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Carbowax 350, Polyethylene glycol methyl ether, Ethylene oxide-methanol adduct, α-Methyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), Methyl polyglycol, Carbowax 750, Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), Carbowax 550, Carbowax 2000, Carbowax 5000, Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, MPEG, MPEG 5000, Monomethoxypolyoxyethylene, Nissan Uniox M 2000, Hymol PM, MPG 025, MPG 081, Nissan Uniox M 400, O-Methoxypolyethylene glycol, Breox MPEG 550, GN 8384, CP 2000 (polyoxyalkylene), CP 2000, Monomethoxy poly(ethylene oxide), Nissan Uniox M 550, Poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether, Toho Me-PEG 400, Toho Me-PEG 1000, Uniox M 400, Nissan Uniol 1000, Nissan Uniol 550, MPEG 500, Nissan Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 2000, Carbowax 750ME, MPG 130, Uniox M 550, Polyglycol M 750, Sanfine MM 2000, MPEG 350, MPEG 2000, MPEG 10000, Nissan Uniox M 600, Carbowax MPEG 5000, Pluriol A 500E, Pluriol A 350E, Pluriol A 275E, Nissan Uniox M 4000, MPEG 950, Sunbright MEH 20T, MPG, Carbowax MPEG 450, Pluriol A 2000E, MPG 140, Pluriol A 2000, Methoxy PEG 400, Me-PEG 400, Conion MP 220, Polyoxyethylene monomethyl ether, Polyglycol M 5000S, Polyglycol M 2000S, M 550, 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50-Heptadecaoxadopentacontan-52-ol, Pluriol 350E, M 750, MPEG 750, Pluriol 500, Polyglycol M 500, Uniox M 4000, Sunbright MEH 50H, Pluriol A 750I, Marlipal 1/12, 5702-16-9, 12623-96-0, 41396-14-9, 54386-07-1, 57244-93-6, 64543-87-9, 69592-91-2, 72664-19-8, 77102-87-5, 86002-19-9, 91826-72-1, 95507-78-1, 95507-80-5, 102868-77-9, 104841-59-0, 114740-40-8, 126966-17-4, 134919-42-9, 138753-86-3, 142172-77-8, 146162-92-7, 154701-70-9, 154885-26-4, 158360-78-2, 162582-19-6, 163294-10-8, 163733-28-6, 165338-17-0, 166441-82-3, 178613-33-7, 185250-24-2, 187523-66-6, 189209-93-6, 193008-24-1, 195970-98-0, 207799-14-2, 212969-32-9, 216693-45-7, 226212-72-2, 237739-71-8, 241466-57-9, 396134-26-2



Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is PEG-6 methyl ether-based plasticizer.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 maintains wet-tack strength and possesses lubricity and humectant properties.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is used in pressure-sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.
Physical Form of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is Powder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000, with an average molecular weight of 750, is widely used in various industries.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000is a reliable raw material that can be utilized in the production of drugs, chemicals, and many other applications.
Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 has a range of potential uses.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000, commonly referred to as PEG 2000 Monomethylether, is a polyether compound that is used in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceutical manufacturing as an excipient and active ingredient.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.


It is a Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 with a reactive chain end consisting of methyl ether.
Etherification of the Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 chain ends can be undertaken in basic conditions by reacting it with alkyl halides.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 can undergo cross linking to form hydrogels; polymerization can be initiated by redox reaction or free radical initiator.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is a high quality research product used as highly pure Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) with an average MW of 5000.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000, also referred to as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) or Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, is an exceptional and versatile compound designed to meet the diverse requirements of both research and industrial settings.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000, with its unique chemical formula and distinguished properties, pushes the boundaries of versatility, proving to be an indispensable tool for numerous professional applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1000:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is widely used in biochemical research where its properties as a hydrophilic polymer are beneficial for modifying protein solubility and stability.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 plays a significant role in the field of proteomics, assisting researchers in solubilizing proteins for structural analysis and functional studies.
In addition, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is employed in nanoparticle research, where it is used to improve the dispersion and stability of nanoparticles in various solvents, facilitating studies on their potential applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is also pivotal in surface science, where it is applied to modify surfaces to resist protein and cell adhesion, crucial for investigating biomaterial interactions.
Moreover, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is utilized in the synthesis of chemical delivery systems, where it enhances the bioavailability and controlled release of loaded agents, aiding in the exploration of new delivery methodologies.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is used as enteric release coatings.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is also used for a series of polycarboxylate water reducing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 acts as a solvent for brake fluids.


Further, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is used in the building materials industry and raw material for cement water reducing agent and strengthening agent.
In addition to this, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is used in surfactants, polyester and polyurethane based paints.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is used in a study to assess the synthesis of a new class of thermosensitive micellar cyclotriphosphazenes.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is intended for laboratory use only, and it is not meant for human consumption.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is a versatile compound with a range of potential applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is commonly known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, or mPEG.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is a versatile compound commonly used in various applications.


Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 has a range of potential uses.
With the CAS Number 9004-74-4 and the linear formula CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is available in powder form.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is used as a solvent, excipient, surfactant and dispersing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is also used as a wetting agent and viscosity modifier.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 finds application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry due its low toxicity, lubricating property and solubility.


Due to its low toxicity Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 can be used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments, a reagent in biochemistry to create very high osmotic pressures, a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography and as a binder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is used as a pore-forming agent in the preparation of ultrafiltration membranes which are used in the removal of macromolecules.


Crystallization grade Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is used for formulating screens or for optimization
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is a hydrophilic polymer that is used to control the flexibility of a composite.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 can be used for a variety of applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other biological uses.


Unleash the power of the multi-functional Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000, formulated to meet the varied demands of research and industry, enhances efficiency and assurances reproducible results, contributing to superior performance and success in all your endeavors.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1000:
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 is biodegradable, water-soluble polymer.
*Applications of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 include drug encapsulation and drug delivery.



KEY FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1000:
*Versatile compound with a range of potential uses
*Commonly used in various applications
*Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG
*CAS Number: 9004-74-4
*Linear formula: CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH
*Available in powder form



INHERENT ADVANTAGES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1000:
*Superlative solubility in a variety of solvents including water, ethanol, acetone, and chloroform.
*Imperturbable stability under multiple conditions, enhancing the consistency of experimental results.
*User-friendly packaging - available in both bulk and prepack sizes, catering to diverse scale applications.
*The exceptional solubility and stability offered by Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 make it invaluable for use across various sectors.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000's superior stability facilitates reliable and reproducible results, which are fundamental in research and industrial operations.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000's availability in different packaging formats allows custom scalability according to individual requirements.



SAFETY AND HANDLING OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1000:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1000 necessitates adherence to safety protocols.
Always follow the instructions provided in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for a comprehensive understanding of safe handling, storage, and disposal procedures.



FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1000:
*Sterile filtered solution
*Formulated in Type 1+ ultrapure water: 18.2 megaohm-cm resistivity at 25°C, < 5 ppb Total Organic Carbon, bacteria free (


PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1000:
Physical state: Solid (pellets, flakes)
Color: Colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 20 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 182 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity: Viscosity, kinematic: No data available; Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility at 20 °C: Slightly soluble
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: None
Other safety information: No data available
Product Type: PEGylation Reagents
Group 1: OH

Form (20 deg.C): Solid
Storage Condition: Room temperature (Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
CAS RN: 9004-74-4
PubChem Substance ID: 253662346
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
Purity: n/a
Size: 100G
Unit: EA
Molecular Formula/Molecular Weight: n/a
CAS No: 9004-74-4
Physical State: Solid

Color: White
Melting Point: 40 °C
Condition to Avoid: n/a
Refractive Index: n/a
Specific Gravity: n/a
MDL No: MFCD00084416
SDBS: n/a
MINUM: n/a
PUBCSUB: 253662346
UNSPSC: 12352100
UN No: n/a
Hazard Class: n/a
DOT Name: n/a
Pkg Grp: n/a
TSCA: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1000:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1000:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1000:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1000:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1000:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature:
-20 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1000:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500, with an average molecular weight of 1500, is widely used in various industries.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500is a reliable raw material that can be utilized in the production of drugs, chemicals, and many other applications.


CAS Number: 9004-74-4
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
Molecular Formula: CH3O(CH2CH2O)nH



SYNONYMS:
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-methyl-ω-hydroxy-, Glycols,polyethylene,monomethyl ether, Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Carbowax 350, Polyethylene glycol methyl ether, Ethylene oxide-methanol adduct, α-Methyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), Methyl polyglycol, Carbowax 750, Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), Carbowax 550, Carbowax 2000, Carbowax 5000, Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, MPEG, MPEG 5000, Monomethoxypolyoxyethylene, Nissan Uniox M 2000, Hymol PM, MPG 025, MPG 081, Nissan Uniox M 400, O-Methoxypolyethylene glycol, Breox MPEG 550, GN 8384, CP 2000 (polyoxyalkylene), CP 2000, Monomethoxy poly(ethylene oxide), Nissan Uniox M 550, Poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether, Toho Me-PEG 400, Toho Me-PEG 1000, Uniox M 400, Nissan Uniol 1000, Nissan Uniol 550, MPEG 500, Nissan Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 2000, Carbowax 750ME, MPG 130, Uniox M 550, Polyglycol M 750, Sanfine MM 2000, MPEG 350, MPEG 2000, MPEG 10000, Nissan Uniox M 600, Carbowax MPEG 5000, Pluriol A 500E, Pluriol A 350E, Pluriol A 275E, Nissan Uniox M 4000, MPEG 950, Sunbright MEH 20T, MPG, Carbowax MPEG 450, Pluriol A 2000E, MPG 140, Pluriol A 2000, Methoxy PEG 400, Me-PEG 400, Conion MP 220, Polyoxyethylene monomethyl ether, Polyglycol M 5000S, Polyglycol M 2000S, M 550, 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50-Heptadecaoxadopentacontan-52-ol, Pluriol 350E, M 750, MPEG 750, Pluriol 500, Polyglycol M 500, Uniox M 4000, Sunbright MEH 50H, Pluriol A 750I, Marlipal 1/12, 5702-16-9, 12623-96-0, 41396-14-9, 54386-07-1, 57244-93-6, 64543-87-9, 69592-91-2, 72664-19-8, 77102-87-5, 86002-19-9, 91826-72-1, 95507-78-1, 95507-80-5, 102868-77-9, 104841-59-0, 114740-40-8, 126966-17-4, 134919-42-9, 138753-86-3, 142172-77-8, 146162-92-7, 154701-70-9, 154885-26-4, 158360-78-2, 162582-19-6, 163294-10-8, 163733-28-6, 165338-17-0, 166441-82-3, 178613-33-7, 185250-24-2, 187523-66-6, 189209-93-6, 193008-24-1, 195970-98-0, 207799-14-2, 212969-32-9, 216693-45-7, 226212-72-2, 237739-71-8, 241466-57-9, 396134-26-2, mPEG , Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) , Methoxypolyethylene glycols , PEG MME , Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether



Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is PEG-6 methyl ether-based plasticizer.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 maintains wet-tack strength and possesses lubricity and humectant properties.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is used in pressure-sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.
Physical Form of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is Powder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500, with an average molecular weight of 750, is widely used in various industries.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500is a reliable raw material that can be utilized in the production of drugs, chemicals, and many other applications.
Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 has a range of potential uses.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500, commonly referred to as PEG 2000 Monomethylether, is a polyether compound that is used in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceutical manufacturing as an excipient and active ingredient.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.


It is a Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 with a reactive chain end consisting of methyl ether.
Etherification of the Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 chain ends can be undertaken in basic conditions by reacting it with alkyl halides.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 can undergo cross linking to form hydrogels; polymerization can be initiated by redox reaction or free radical initiator.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is a high quality research product used as highly pure Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) with an average MW of 5000.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500, also referred to as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) or Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, is an exceptional and versatile compound designed to meet the diverse requirements of both research and industrial settings.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500, with its unique chemical formula and distinguished properties, pushes the boundaries of versatility, proving to be an indispensable tool for numerous professional applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1500:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is widely used in biochemical research where its properties as a hydrophilic polymer are beneficial for modifying protein solubility and stability.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 plays a significant role in the field of proteomics, assisting researchers in solubilizing proteins for structural analysis and functional studies.
In addition, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is employed in nanoparticle research, where it is used to improve the dispersion and stability of nanoparticles in various solvents, facilitating studies on their potential applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is also pivotal in surface science, where it is applied to modify surfaces to resist protein and cell adhesion, crucial for investigating biomaterial interactions.
Moreover, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is utilized in the synthesis of chemical delivery systems, where it enhances the bioavailability and controlled release of loaded agents, aiding in the exploration of new delivery methodologies.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is used as enteric release coatings.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is also used for a series of polycarboxylate water reducing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 acts as a solvent for brake fluids.


Further, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is used in the building materials industry and raw material for cement water reducing agent and strengthening agent.
In addition to this, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is used in surfactants, polyester and polyurethane based paints.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is used in a study to assess the synthesis of a new class of thermosensitive micellar cyclotriphosphazenes.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is intended for laboratory use only, and it is not meant for human consumption.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is a versatile compound with a range of potential applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is commonly known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, or mPEG.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is a versatile compound commonly used in various applications.


Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 has a range of potential uses.
With the CAS Number 9004-74-4 and the linear formula CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is available in powder form.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is used as a solvent, excipient, surfactant and dispersing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is also used as a wetting agent and viscosity modifier.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 finds application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry due its low toxicity, lubricating property and solubility.


Due to its low toxicity Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 can be used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments, a reagent in biochemistry to create very high osmotic pressures, a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography and as a binder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is used as a pore-forming agent in the preparation of ultrafiltration membranes which are used in the removal of macromolecules.


Crystallization grade Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is used for formulating screens or for optimization
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is a hydrophilic polymer that is used to control the flexibility of a composite.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 can be used for a variety of applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other biological uses.


Unleash the power of the multi-functional Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500, formulated to meet the varied demands of research and industry, enhances efficiency and assurances reproducible results, contributing to superior performance and success in all your endeavors.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1500:
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 is biodegradable, water-soluble polymer.
*Applications of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 include drug encapsulation and drug delivery.



KEY FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1500:
*Versatile compound with a range of potential uses
*Commonly used in various applications
*Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG
*CAS Number: 9004-74-4
*Linear formula: CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH
*Available in powder form



INHERENT ADVANTAGES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1500:
*Superlative solubility in a variety of solvents including water, ethanol, acetone, and chloroform.
*Imperturbable stability under multiple conditions, enhancing the consistency of experimental results.
*User-friendly packaging - available in both bulk and prepack sizes, catering to diverse scale applications.
*The exceptional solubility and stability offered by Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 make it invaluable for use across various sectors.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500's superior stability facilitates reliable and reproducible results, which are fundamental in research and industrial operations.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500's availability in different packaging formats allows custom scalability according to individual requirements.



SAFETY AND HANDLING OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1500:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 1500 necessitates adherence to safety protocols.
Always follow the instructions provided in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for a comprehensive understanding of safe handling, storage, and disposal procedures.



FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1500:
*Sterile filtered solution
*Formulated in Type 1+ ultrapure water: 18.2 megaohm-cm resistivity at 25°C, < 5 ppb Total Organic Carbon, bacteria free (


PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1500:
Physical state: Pellets, flakes
Color: Colorless
Odor: Not available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 20°C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not available
Flammability (solid, gas): Not available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Not available
Flash point: 182°C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: Not available
Decomposition temperature: Not available

pH: Not available
Viscosity: Kinematic viscosity: Not available; Dynamic viscosity: Not available
Water solubility at 20°C: Slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not available
Vapor pressure: Not available
Density: Not available
Relative density: Not available
Relative vapor density: Not available
Particle characteristics: Not available
Explosive properties: Not available
Oxidizing properties: None
Other safety information: Not available



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1500:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1500:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1500:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1500:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1500:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature:
-20 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 1500:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is PEG-6 methyl ether-based plasticizer.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 maintains wet-tack strength and possesses lubricity and humectant properties.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is used in pressure-sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.


CAS Number: 9004-74-4
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
Molecular Formula: CH3O(CH2CH2O)nH



SYNONYMS:
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-methyl-ω-hydroxy-, Glycols,polyethylene,monomethyl ether, Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Carbowax 350, Polyethylene glycol methyl ether, Ethylene oxide-methanol adduct, α-Methyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), Methyl polyglycol, Carbowax 750, Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), Carbowax 550, Carbowax 2000, Carbowax 5000, Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, MPEG, MPEG 5000, Monomethoxypolyoxyethylene, Nissan Uniox M 2000, Hymol PM, MPG 025, MPG 081, Nissan Uniox M 400, O-Methoxypolyethylene glycol, Breox MPEG 550, GN 8384, CP 2000 (polyoxyalkylene), CP 2000, Monomethoxy poly(ethylene oxide), Nissan Uniox M 550, Poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether, Toho Me-PEG 400, Toho Me-PEG 1000, Uniox M 400, Nissan Uniol 1000, Nissan Uniol 550, MPEG 500, Nissan Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 2000, Carbowax 750ME, MPG 130, Uniox M 550, Polyglycol M 750, Sanfine MM 2000, MPEG 350, MPEG 2000, MPEG 10000, Nissan Uniox M 600, Carbowax MPEG 5000, Pluriol A 500E, Pluriol A 350E, Pluriol A 275E, Nissan Uniox M 4000, MPEG 950, Sunbright MEH 20T, MPG, Carbowax MPEG 450, Pluriol A 2000E, MPG 140, Pluriol A 2000, Methoxy PEG 400, Me-PEG 400, Conion MP 220, Polyoxyethylene monomethyl ether, Polyglycol M 5000S, Polyglycol M 2000S, M 550, 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50-Heptadecaoxadopentacontan-52-ol, Pluriol 350E, M 750, MPEG 750, Pluriol 500, Polyglycol M 500, Uniox M 4000, Sunbright MEH 50H, Pluriol A 750I, Marlipal 1/12, 5702-16-9, 12623-96-0, 41396-14-9, 54386-07-1, 57244-93-6, 64543-87-9, 69592-91-2, 72664-19-8, 77102-87-5, 86002-19-9, 91826-72-1, 95507-78-1, 95507-80-5, 102868-77-9, 104841-59-0, 114740-40-8, 126966-17-4, 134919-42-9, 138753-86-3, 142172-77-8, 146162-92-7, 154701-70-9, 154885-26-4, 158360-78-2, 162582-19-6, 163294-10-8, 163733-28-6, 165338-17-0, 166441-82-3, 178613-33-7, 185250-24-2, 187523-66-6, 189209-93-6, 193008-24-1, 195970-98-0, 207799-14-2, 212969-32-9, 216693-45-7, 226212-72-2, 237739-71-8, 241466-57-9, 396134-26-2, mPEG , Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) , Methoxypolyethylene glycols , PEG MME , Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether, Polyoxyethylene Monomethyl Ether, Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Methyl Ether, Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Monomethyl Ether,a-Methyl-?-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether, mono-Methyl polyethylene glycol 2000, Methoxypolyethylene glycol, Methoxypolyethylene glycol 2000, mPEG , Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) , Methoxypolyethylene glycols , PEG MME , Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether, Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, mPEG, Methoxy PEG thiol, Methoxypolyethylene glycol thiol, mPEG thiol, methyl cellosolve, ethanol, 2-methoxy, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, methyl oxitol, 2-methoxy-1-ethanol, methoxyethanol, 3-oxa-1-butanol, egme, monomethyl glycol, dowanol em,



Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000, commonly referred to as PEG 2000 Monomethylether, is a polyether compound that is used in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceutical manufacturing as an excipient and active ingredient.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.


It is a Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 with a reactive chain end consisting of methyl ether.
Etherification of the Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 chain ends can be undertaken in basic conditions by reacting it with alkyl halides.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 can undergo cross linking to form hydrogels; polymerization can be initiated by redox reaction or free radical initiator.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is PEG-6 methyl ether-based plasticizer.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 maintains wet-tack strength and possesses lubricity and humectant properties.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is used in pressure-sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.
Physical Form of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is Powder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000, with an average molecular weight of 2000, is widely used in various industries.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000is a reliable raw material that can be utilized in the production of drugs, chemicals, and many other applications.
Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 has a range of potential uses.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is a high quality research product used as highly pure Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) with an average MW of 2000.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000, also referred to as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) or Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, is an exceptional and versatile compound designed to meet the diverse requirements of both research and industrial settings.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000, with its unique chemical formula and distinguished properties, pushes the boundaries of versatility, proving to be an indispensable tool for numerous professional applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 2000:
Due to its low toxicity Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 can be used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments, a reagent in biochemistry to create very high osmotic pressures, a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography and as a binder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is used as a pore-forming agent in the preparation of ultrafiltration membranes which are used in the removal of macromolecules.


Crystallization grade Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is used for formulating screens or for optimization.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is widely used in biochemical research where its properties as a hydrophilic polymer are beneficial for modifying protein solubility and stability.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 plays a significant role in the field of proteomics, assisting researchers in solubilizing proteins for structural analysis and functional studies.


In addition, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is employed in nanoparticle research, where it is used to improve the dispersion and stability of nanoparticles in various solvents, facilitating studies on their potential applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is also pivotal in surface science, where it is applied to modify surfaces to resist protein and cell adhesion, crucial for investigating biomaterial interactions.


Moreover, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is utilized in the synthesis of chemical delivery systems, where it enhances the bioavailability and controlled release of loaded agents, aiding in the exploration of new delivery methodologies.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is used as enteric release coatings.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is also used for a series of polycarboxylate water reducing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 acts as a solvent for brake fluids.
Further, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is used in the building materials industry and raw material for cement water reducing agent and strengthening agent.


In addition to this, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is used in surfactants, polyester and polyurethane based paints.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is used in a study to assess the synthesis of a new class of thermosensitive micellar cyclotriphosphazenes.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is intended for laboratory use only, and it is not meant for human consumption.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is a versatile compound with a range of potential applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is commonly known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, or mPEG.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is a versatile compound commonly used in various applications.
Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 has a range of potential uses.


With the CAS Number 9004-74-4 and the linear formula CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is available in powder form.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is used as a solvent, excipient, surfactant and dispersing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is also used as a wetting agent and viscosity modifier.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 finds application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry due its low toxicity, lubricating property and solubility.
Crystallization grade Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is used for formulating screens or for optimization


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is a hydrophilic polymer that is used to control the flexibility of a composite.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 can be used for a variety of applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other biological uses.


Unleash the power of the multi-functional Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000, formulated to meet the varied demands of research and industry, enhances efficiency and assurances reproducible results, contributing to superior performance and success in all your endeavors.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 2000:
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 is biodegradable, water-soluble polymer.
*Applications of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 include drug encapsulation and drug delivery.



KEY FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 2000:
*Versatile compound with a range of potential uses
*Commonly used in various applications
*Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG
*CAS Number: 9004-74-4
*Linear formula: CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH
*Available in powder form



INHERENT ADVANTAGES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 2000:
*Superlative solubility in a variety of solvents including water, ethanol, acetone, and chloroform.
*Imperturbable stability under multiple conditions, enhancing the consistency of experimental results.
*User-friendly packaging - available in both bulk and prepack sizes, catering to diverse scale applications.
*The exceptional solubility and stability offered by Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 make it invaluable for use across various sectors.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000's superior stability facilitates reliable and reproducible results, which are fundamental in research and industrial operations.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000's availability in different packaging formats allows custom scalability according to individual requirements.



SAFETY AND HANDLING OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 2000:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 2000 necessitates adherence to safety protocols.
Always follow the instructions provided in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for a comprehensive understanding of safe handling, storage, and disposal procedures.



FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 2000:
*Sterile filtered solution
*Formulated in Type 1+ ultrapure water: 18.2 megaohm-cm resistivity at 25°C, < 5 ppb Total Organic Carbon, bacteria free (


PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 2000:
Physical state: Pellets, flakes
Color: Colorless
Odor: Not available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 20°C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not available
Flammability (solid, gas): Not available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Not available
Flash point: 182°C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: Not available
Decomposition temperature: Not available
pH: Not available
Viscosity:
Kinematic viscosity: Not available;
Dynamic viscosity: Not available

Water solubility at 20°C: Slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not available
Vapor pressure: Not available
Density: Not available
Relative density: Not available
Relative vapor density: Not available
Particle characteristics: Not available
Explosive properties: Not available
Oxidizing properties: None
Other safety information: Not available
Formula: CH3O(CH2CH2O)nH
Color/Form: Neat
Melting point: 53 - 54°C
Formula: CH₃(OCH₂CH₂)nOH

MDL Number: MFCD00084416
CAS Number: 9004-74-4
Appearance (Form): Powder or crystals to flakes
Appearance (Colour): White to almost white to off white
Chemical State: Solid
Product Number: 81321
CAS Number: 9004-74-4
CAS: 9004-74-4
Molecular Formula: (C2H4O)nCH4O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 76.10
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
InChI Key: XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 8019
ChEBI: CHEBI:46790

IUPAC Name: 2-methoxyethan-1-ol
SMILES: COCCO
Melting Point: 53°C
Color: White
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Polyethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether 2000
Molecular Formula/Molecular Weight: n/a
CAS No: 9004-74-4
Physical State: Solid
Color: White
Melting Point: 53°C
Condition to Avoid: n/a
Refractive Index: n/a
Specific Gravity: n/a
MDL No: MFCD00084416



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 2000:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 2000:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 2000:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 2000:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 2000:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature:
-20 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 2000:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a polyether compound with many applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food processing.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300s are polymers of ethylene oxide, and they are known for their water-soluble and biocompatible properties.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a poly(ethylene glycol) compound having a methacrylate group at the alpha-terminus and a methyl group at the omega-terminus.

CAS Number: 26915-72-0
Molecular Formula: C13H24O6
Molecular Weight: 276.32606

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a hydrophilic polymer.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 can be easily synthesized by the anionic ring opening polymerization of ethylene oxide, into a range molecular weights and variety of end groups.
When crosslinked into networks, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 can have high water content, forming "hydrogels".

Hydrogel formation can be initiated by either crosslinking Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 by ionizing radiation or by covalent crosslinking of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 macromers with reactive chain ends.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a suitable material for biological applications because it does not trigger an immune response.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300, often abbreviated as PEG 300, is a type of polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a nonlinear analog of polyethylene glycol (PEG).
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a biocompatible homopolymer with a brush type structure that is mainly used to provide a PEG modified surface.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 cross-linked polymeric materials (hydrogels) are suitable carriers for drug delivery and various other biomedical applications.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers, to stabilize polymer emulsions, and in synthesis of comb polymers.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a nonlinear analog of polyethylene glycol (PEG).
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a biocompatible homopolymer with a brush type structure that is mainly used to provide a PEG modified surface.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 indicates the average molecular weight of the specific PEG at 400.PEG 3350 is a laxative.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a liquid PEG excipient grade product, produced under IPEC GMP conditions.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a polyether compound with many applications from industrial manufacturing to medicine.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 commonly referred to as PEG 300, is a polyether compound that is used in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceutical manufacturing as an excipient and active ingredient.
Due to its low toxicity, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 can be used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments, a reagent in biochemistry to create very high osmotic pressures, a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography and as a binder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a water-miscible polyether widely used in biochemistry, structural biology, and medicine in addition to pharmaceutical and chemical industries.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 serves as a kind of solubilizer, excipient, lubricant, and chemical reagent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a clear, colorless liquid that is made from sugar cane waste so it is naturally derived and renewable.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is completely soluble in water and has an average molecular weight of 288 - 311.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is another group of products with an incredibly long list of uses and applications from industrial uses to food and pharma, and everything in between.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is PEG-6-based plasticizer and mold release agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 possesses lubricity and humectant properties.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 maintains wet-tack strength.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used in pressure sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a water-miscible polyether with an average molecular weight of 300 g/mol.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a clear viscous liquid at room temperature with non-volatile, stable properties.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300is widely used in biochemistry, structural biology, and medicine in addition to pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 with amolecular weight less than 600 are liquid, whereas those of molecular weight 1000 and above are solid.

These materials are nonvolatile, water-soluble, tasteless, and odorless.
They are miscible with water, alcohols, esters, ketones, aromatic solvents, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, but immiscible with alkanes, paraffins, waxes, and ethers.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a binder, coating agent, dispersing agent, flavoring adjuvant, and plasticizing agent that is a clear, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid resembling paraffin (white, waxy, or flakes), with a ph of 4.0–7.5 in 1:20 concentration.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is soluble in water (mw 1,000) and many organic solvents.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 molecules of approximately 2000 monomers.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used in various applications from industrial chemistry to biological chemistry.

Recent research has shown Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 maintains the ability to aid the spinal cord injury recovery process, helping the nerve impulse conduction process in animals.
They serve as solubilizers, excipients, lubricants, and chemical reagents.
Low molecular weight Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300s are observed to exhibit antibacterial properties as well.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is found in eye drops as a lubricant to temporarily relieve redness, burning and irritation of the eyes.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a neutral and biocompatible hydrophilic polymer.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is usually used to modify therapeutic proteins and peptides to increase their solubility.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used as a moisturizer, solubiliser in antiperspirant and deodorants, shampoos and liquid soap, hair styling products, bar soaps and oral care products as a stabilizer and wetting agent for drilling.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a polymer which is hydrolyzed by ethylene oxide.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 has no toxicity and irritation.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is widely used in various pharmaceutical preparations.
The toxicity of low molecular weight Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is relatively large.
In general, the toxicity of diols is very low.

Topical application of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300, especially mucosal drug, can cause irritant pain.
In topical lotion, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 can increase the flexibility of the skin, and has a similar moisturizing effect with glycerin.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a family of linear polymers formed by a base-catalyzed condensation reaction with repeating ethylene oxide units being added to ethylene.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 cross-linked polymeric materials (hydrogels) are suitable carriers for drug delivery and various other biomedical applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers, to stabilize polymer emulsions, and in synthesis of comb polymers.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.
The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a highly pure polymer of ethylene glycol with one methyl ether group.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 has been used as multipurpose molecular tool for various chemical applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 has also been used in a wide array of other biochemical and immunological applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300, a neutral polymer of molecular weight 300, is a water-soluble, low immunogenic and biocompatible polymer formed by repeating units of ethylene glycol.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine.
Polyethylene glycol 300 is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.
The structure of Polyethylene glycol 300 is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is one of the most commonly used chemical polyethers in manufacturing, medicine and many other applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is available in multiple forms for various uses.

The most common way of differentiating between Polyethylene glycol 300 is by molecular weight.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used as a base for skin creams and other personal care products, as well as a solvent and viscosity modifier in soaps and detergents.

Melting point: 33-38 °C
Boiling point: 54 °C
Density: 1.1 g/mL at 25 °C
refractive index: n20/D 1.496
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: -20°C
form: Granular Solid
color: White to off-white
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 specifically refers to a PEG with an average molecular weight around 300 g/mol.
The "methyl ether" part of the name indicates that it has methyl groups attached to the ether oxygen atoms.
The presence of these groups can influence the properties and applications of the polymer.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 and other PEG derivatives are commonly used in pharmaceuticals as excipients, solubilizing agents, and drug delivery carriers.
They are also utilized in various formulations to improve the solubility and bioavailability of certain drugs.
Additionally, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300s are used in the preparation of cosmetics, as they are generally well-tolerated by the skin and have moisturizing properties.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is also used to process rubber, plastics and textiles, as an additive in lubricants and grease, and as a humectant, dye carrier and binder in paints and inks.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is colorless, almost odorless and tasteless liquid at room temperature.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is manufactured by alkali-catalysed polymerization of ethylene oxide with subsequent neutralization of the catalyst.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is sometimes used as a plasticizer and lubricant in various industries.
In plastics and rubber manufacturing, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 can enhance flexibility and reduce brittleness.
In pharmaceuticals, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 may serve as a lubricant in tablet formulations.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300s, including PEG 300, are generally stable under various environmental conditions.
This stability contributes to their suitability for use in a wide range of applications.
The physical properties of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300s, such as viscosity and solubility, can be temperature-dependent.

Some formulations may take advantage of these temperature-dependent properties, especially in applications such as controlled drug release systems.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 can be blended with other polymers to achieve specific properties in the resulting material.
Blending Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 with other polymers can be a strategy to tailor the physical and chemical characteristics of the final product.

Compatibility with Other Ingredients: When formulating pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, or other products, compatibility with other ingredients is crucial.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is often chosen for its compatibility with a wide range of compounds, facilitating the creation of stable formulations.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300, there are other PEG derivatives with different molecular weights, such as PEG 400, PEG 600, etc.

The choice of a specific Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 derivative depends on the requirements of a particular application.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a subject of ongoing research and development to explore new applications and improve existing formulations.
Scientists and researchers continually investigate the properties of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300s to expand their utility in various fields.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 in pharmaceuticals and other products is subject to regulatory standards and guidelines.
Manufacturers must adhere to these regulations to ensure the safety and efficacy of the final product.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used as an inactive ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry as a solvent, plasticizer, surfactant, ointment and suppository base, and tablet and capsule lubricant.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 has low toxicity with systemic absorption less than 0.5%.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 occurs when PEGs are attached to various protein medications, allowing for greater solubility for certain drugs.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is highly soluble in water and many organic solvents.
This solubility makes Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 a versatile compound for use in various formulations.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300, are known to be hygroscopic, meaning they can absorb and retain water from their surroundings.

This property can be beneficial in formulations where moisture content is a consideration.
The viscosity of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is relatively low, which makes it useful for applications where a low-viscosity liquid is desirable.
This property is advantageous in the pharmaceutical industry for formulating liquid dosage forms.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300s are generally considered biocompatible and are widely used in pharmaceuticals and medical applications.
Their use in drug formulations is often attributed to their ability to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and improve drug delivery.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is often employed in drug delivery systems, such as in the preparation of micelles, nanoparticles, and liposomes.

These drug delivery systems can improve the stability and bioavailability of certain drugs.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 can be found in various personal care products, including creams, lotions, and ointments, where it functions as a humectant, helping to retain moisture in the skin.

The structure of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 consists of repeating ethylene glycol units, with methyl ether groups attached to the oxygen atoms.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 structure contributes to its physical and chemical properties.

Uses:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300, is used as Emulsion polymers, cosmetics, construction, emulsifiers.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used in a number of toothpastes as a dispersant.
In this application, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes.
Polymer segments derived from Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions.
In low-molecular-weight formulations (e.g. PEG 400), Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used in Hewlett-Packard designjet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for the print heads.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is often used as a solubilizing agent to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs.
This is particularly important in the formulation of oral and injectable medications.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is employed as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, contributing to the stability and bioavailability of drugs.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used in the development of drug delivery systems such as micelles, liposomes, and nanoparticles, aiding in controlled drug release.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 functions as an emollient in cosmetic products, helping to soften and moisturize the skin.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is hygroscopic properties make it useful as a humectant, retaining moisture in cosmetic formulations.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 may be used as a carrier for active ingredients in cosmetic products.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 acts as a plasticizer, improving the flexibility and durability of plastics and rubber products.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 can be used as an emulsifying agent in food products, assisting in the dispersion of oil and water phases.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 may contribute to the stability of certain food formulations.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used as a lubricant in various processes, including tablet manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals and polymers.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is utilized as a reagent in laboratory experiments and research studies.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 can be blended with other polymers to achieve specific properties in the resulting material.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 may be used as a softening agent in textile processing.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 can be used as a plasticizing agent in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 may be used in the preparation of a polyelectrolytic solution for the development of lithium ion batteries.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 can be photopolymerized to form a zwitterionic monomer which can be coated on steel surfaces for bio-fouling based applications.
An example study was done using PEG-diacrylate hydrogels to recreate vascular environments with the encapsulation of endothelial cells and macrophages.
This model furthered vascular disease modeling and isolated macrophage phenotype's effect on blood vessels.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.
Although polyethylene glycol is considered biologically inert, it can form non-covalent complexes with monovalent cations such as Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+, affecting equilibrium constants of biochemical reactions.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization.

X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas.
In microbiology, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 precipitation is used to concentrate viruses.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.
The size of the Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo.
In blood banking, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies.
When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol.

In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 can be used in the development of molecular brushes as a substrate material for stimuli-responsive surfaces in biomedical applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 may be used in the surface modification of poly(ether sulfone) based ultrafiltration (UF) membrane as a foul-resistant material.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products, in oral, topical, and parenteral dosage forms.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is the basis of a number of laxatives (as MiraLax, RestoraLAX, etc.).
Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy or for children with constipation.

Macrogol (with brand names such as Laxido, GoLytely and Miralax) is the generic name for Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 used as a laxative.
The name may be followed by a number which represents the average molecular weight (e.g. macrogol 3350, macrogol 4000 or macrogol 6000).
The possibility that Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.

An example of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 hydrogels (see Biological uses section) in a therapeutic has been theorized by Ma et al.
They propose using the hydrogel to address periodontitis (gum disease) by encapsulating stem cells in the gel that promote healing in the gums.
The gel with encapsulated stem cells was to be injected into the site of disease and crosslinked to create the microenvironment required for the stem cells to function.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization. X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 segments derived from PEG polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions.
In microbiology, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 precipitation is used to concentrate viruses.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro.

Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.
The size of the Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles used to package siRNA for use in vivo.

In blood banking, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300of adenoviruses for gene therapy can help prevent adverse reactions due to pre-existing adenovirus immunity.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 lipid is used as an excipient in both the Moderna and Pfizer–BioNTech vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.

Both RNA vaccines consist of messenger RNA, or mRNA, encased in a bubble of oily molecules called lipids.
Proprietary lipid technology is used for each.
In both vaccines, the bubbles are coated with a stabilizing molecule of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300.

As of December 2020 there is some concern that Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 could trigger allergic reaction, and in fact allergic reactions are the driver for both the United Kingdom and Canadian regulators to issue an advisory, noting that: two "individuals in the U.K.
As of 18 December, the US CDC stated that in their jurisdiction six cases of "severe allergic reaction" had been recorded from more than 250,000 vaccinations, and of those six only one person had a "history of vaccination reactions".

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.
Since Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres).

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals.
These properties make Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.
In addition, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 has been used to preserve the painted colors.

These painted artifacts were created during.
Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is frequently used to preserve waterlogged wood and other organic artifacts that have been salvaged from underwater archaeological contexts, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm, and similar cases.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.
In addition, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.
These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang (first emperor of China) era.
Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xi'an air.

The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes.
The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is a component of the propellent used in UGM-133M Trident II Missiles, in service with the United States Navy.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 has been used as the gate insulator in an electric double-layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes.
Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the globe are engaged in research on solid polymer electrolytes involving Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300, with the aim of improving their properties, and in permitting their use in batteries, electro-chromic display systems, and other products in the future.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 was used as an additive to silver halide photographic emulsions.

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used in a number of toothpastes[5] as a dispersant.
In this application, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes.

In low-molecular-weight formulations (e.g. PEG 400), Polyethylene glycol 300 is used in Hewlett-Packard designjet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for the print heads.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks.

Safety Profile:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 may cause irritation to the skin and eyes, especially in concentrated or pure form.
Prolonged or repeated contact with the skin should be avoided.
Inhalation of vapor or mist may cause respiratory irritation.

Adequate ventilation should be maintained in areas where Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is used, and exposure to airborne particles should be minimized.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 300 is generally not expected to cause significant harm, but it is not intended for consumption.
Accidental ingestion may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort.

Synonyms:
PEG-6 dimethyl ether
Genosorb 300
Carpol CLE 1000
Dimethoxy polyethylene glycol
Genosorb 175
Glycols, polyethylene, dimethyl ether
Glyme-23
Nissan Unisafe MM 1000
Nissan Unisafe MM 400
O5E08Z8AEA
PEG-6 DME
PEG-DME 2000
POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) DIMETHYL ETHER (300 MW)
POLYGLYCOL DME 300
POLYGLYME-6
Polyoxyethylene dimethyl ether
Sanfine DM 1000
Sanfine DM 200
Sanfine DM 400
Selexol
U-Nox DM 1000
U-Nox DM 200
UNII-7GSD980LF9
UNII-9I2Z48JZJ5
UNII-O5E08Z8AEA
UNII-OMW34MPM4E
UNII-W83S1I1CJE
Varonic DM 55
alpha,omega-Methoxypoly(ethylene oxide)
alpha-Methyl-omega-methoxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is PEG-6 methyl ether-based plasticizer.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 maintains wet-tack strength and possesses lubricity and humectant properties.


CAS Number: 9004-74-4
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
Molecular Formula: CH3O(CH2CH2O)nH



SYNONYMS:
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-methyl-ω-hydroxy-, Glycols,polyethylene,monomethyl ether, Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Carbowax 350, Polyethylene glycol methyl ether, Ethylene oxide-methanol adduct, α-Methyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), Methyl polyglycol, Carbowax 750, Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), Carbowax 550, Carbowax 2000, Carbowax 5000, Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, MPEG, MPEG 5000, Monomethoxypolyoxyethylene, Nissan Uniox M 2000, Hymol PM, MPG 025, MPG 081, Nissan Uniox M 400, O-Methoxypolyethylene glycol, Breox MPEG 550, GN 8384, CP 2000 (polyoxyalkylene), CP 2000, Monomethoxy poly(ethylene oxide), Nissan Uniox M 550, Poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether, Toho Me-PEG 400, Toho Me-PEG 1000, Uniox M 400, Nissan Uniol 1000, Nissan Uniol 550, MPEG 500, Nissan Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 2000, Carbowax 750ME, MPG 130, Uniox M 550, Polyglycol M 750, Sanfine MM 2000, MPEG 350, MPEG 2000, MPEG 10000, Nissan Uniox M 600, Carbowax MPEG 5000, Pluriol A 500E, Pluriol A 350E, Pluriol A 275E, Nissan Uniox M 4000, MPEG 950, Sunbright MEH 20T, MPG, Carbowax MPEG 450, Pluriol A 2000E, MPG 140, Pluriol A 2000, Methoxy PEG 400, Me-PEG 400, Conion MP 220, Polyoxyethylene monomethyl ether, Polyglycol M 5000S, Polyglycol M 2000S, M 550, 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50-Heptadecaoxadopentacontan-52-ol, Pluriol 350E, M 750, MPEG 750, Pluriol 500, Polyglycol M 500, Uniox M 4000, Sunbright MEH 50H, Pluriol A 750I, Marlipal 1/12, 5702-16-9, 12623-96-0, 41396-14-9, 54386-07-1, 57244-93-6, 64543-87-9, 69592-91-2, 72664-19-8, 77102-87-5, 86002-19-9, 91826-72-1, 95507-78-1, 95507-80-5, 102868-77-9, 104841-59-0, 114740-40-8, 126966-17-4, 134919-42-9, 138753-86-3, 142172-77-8, 146162-92-7, 154701-70-9, 154885-26-4, 158360-78-2, 162582-19-6, 163294-10-8, 163733-28-6, 165338-17-0, 166441-82-3, 178613-33-7, 185250-24-2, 187523-66-6, 189209-93-6, 193008-24-1, 195970-98-0, 207799-14-2, 212969-32-9, 216693-45-7, 226212-72-2, 237739-71-8, 241466-57-9, 396134-26-2



Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is PEG-6 methyl ether-based plasticizer.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 maintains wet-tack strength and possesses lubricity and humectant properties.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is used in pressure-sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.
Physical Form of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is Powder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000, with an average molecular weight of 750, is widely used in various industries.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000is a reliable raw material that can be utilized in the production of drugs, chemicals, and many other applications.
Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 has a range of potential uses.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000, commonly referred to as PEG 2000 Monomethylether, is a polyether compound that is used in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceutical manufacturing as an excipient and active ingredient.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.


It is a Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 with a reactive chain end consisting of methyl ether.
Etherification of the Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 chain ends can be undertaken in basic conditions by reacting it with alkyl halides.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 can undergo cross linking to form hydrogels; polymerization can be initiated by redox reaction or free radical initiator.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is a high quality research product used as highly pure Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) with an average MW of 5000.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000, also referred to as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) or Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, is an exceptional and versatile compound designed to meet the diverse requirements of both research and industrial settings.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000, with its unique chemical formula and distinguished properties, pushes the boundaries of versatility, proving to be an indispensable tool for numerous professional applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 3000:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is widely used in biochemical research where its properties as a hydrophilic polymer are beneficial for modifying protein solubility and stability.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 plays a significant role in the field of proteomics, assisting researchers in solubilizing proteins for structural analysis and functional studies.
In addition, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is employed in nanoparticle research, where it is used to improve the dispersion and stability of nanoparticles in various solvents, facilitating studies on their potential applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is also pivotal in surface science, where it is applied to modify surfaces to resist protein and cell adhesion, crucial for investigating biomaterial interactions.
Moreover, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is utilized in the synthesis of chemical delivery systems, where it enhances the bioavailability and controlled release of loaded agents, aiding in the exploration of new delivery methodologies.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is used as enteric release coatings.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is also used for a series of polycarboxylate water reducing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 acts as a solvent for brake fluids.


Further, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is used in the building materials industry and raw material for cement water reducing agent and strengthening agent.
In addition to this, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is used in surfactants, polyester and polyurethane based paints.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is used in a study to assess the synthesis of a new class of thermosensitive micellar cyclotriphosphazenes.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is intended for laboratory use only, and it is not meant for human consumption.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is a versatile compound with a range of potential applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is commonly known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, or mPEG.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is a versatile compound commonly used in various applications.


Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 has a range of potential uses.
With the CAS Number 9004-74-4 and the linear formula CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is available in powder form.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is used as a solvent, excipient, surfactant and dispersing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is also used as a wetting agent and viscosity modifier.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 finds application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry due its low toxicity, lubricating property and solubility.


Due to its low toxicity Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 can be used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments, a reagent in biochemistry to create very high osmotic pressures, a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography and as a binder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is used as a pore-forming agent in the preparation of ultrafiltration membranes which are used in the removal of macromolecules.


Crystallization grade Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is used for formulating screens or for optimization.
Crystallization grade Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is used for formulating screens or for optimization
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is a hydrophilic polymer that is used to control the flexibility of a composite.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 can be used for a variety of applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other biological uses.
Unleash the power of the multi-functional Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000, formulated to meet the varied demands of research and industry, enhances efficiency and assurances reproducible results, contributing to superior performance and success in all your endeavors.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 3000:
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 is biodegradable, water-soluble polymer.
*Applications of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 include drug encapsulation and drug delivery.



KEY FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 3000:
*Versatile compound with a range of potential uses
*Commonly used in various applications
*Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG
*CAS Number: 9004-74-4
*Linear formula: CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH
*Available in powder form



INHERENT ADVANTAGES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 3000:
*Superlative solubility in a variety of solvents including water, ethanol, acetone, and chloroform.
*Imperturbable stability under multiple conditions, enhancing the consistency of experimental results.
*User-friendly packaging - available in both bulk and prepack sizes, catering to diverse scale applications.
*The exceptional solubility and stability offered by Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 make it invaluable for use across various sectors.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000's superior stability facilitates reliable and reproducible results, which are fundamental in research and industrial operations.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000's availability in different packaging formats allows custom scalability according to individual requirements.



SAFETY AND HANDLING OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 3000:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 3000 necessitates adherence to safety protocols.
Always follow the instructions provided in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for a comprehensive understanding of safe handling, storage, and disposal procedures.



FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 3000:
*Sterile filtered solution
*Formulated in Type 1+ ultrapure water: 18.2 megaohm-cm resistivity at 25°C, < 5 ppb Total Organic Carbon, bacteria free (


PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 3000:
Physical state: pellets, flakes
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/range: 20 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 182 °C (closed cup)
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity:
Kinematic viscosity: No data available
Dynamic viscosity: No data available
Water solubility at 20 °C: Slightly soluble
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: None
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 3000:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 3000:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 3000:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 3000:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 3000:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature:
-20 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 3000:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Physical Form of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is Powder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350, with an average molecular weight of 350, is widely used in various industries.


CAS Number: 9004-74-4
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
Molecular Formula: CH3O(CH2CH2O)nH



SYNONYMS:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether, mono-Methyl polyethylene glycol 350, Methoxypolyethylene glycol, Methoxypolyethylene glycol 350, Methoxypolyethylene glycol, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether, mono-Methyl polyethylene glycol 350, mPEG , Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) , Methoxypolyethylene glycols , PEG MME , Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether, methyl cellosolve, ethanol, 2-methoxy, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, methyl oxitol, 2-methoxy-1-ethanol, methoxyethanol, 3-oxa-1-butanol, egme, monomethyl glycol, dowanol em, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-methyl-ω-hydroxy-, Glycols,polyethylene,monomethyl ether, Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Carbowax 350, Polyethylene glycol methyl ether, Ethylene oxide-methanol adduct, α-Methyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), Methyl polyglycol, Carbowax 750, Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), Carbowax 550, Carbowax 2000, Carbowax 5000, Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, MPEG, MPEG 5000, Monomethoxypolyoxyethylene, Nissan Uniox M 2000, Hymol PM, MPG 025, MPG 081, Nissan Uniox M 400, O-Methoxypolyethylene glycol, Breox MPEG 550, GN 8384, CP 2000 (polyoxyalkylene), CP 2000, Monomethoxy poly(ethylene oxide), Nissan Uniox M 550, Poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether, Toho Me-PEG 400, Toho Me-PEG 1000, Uniox M 400, Nissan Uniol 1000, Nissan Uniol 550, MPEG 500, Nissan Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 2000, Carbowax 750ME, MPG 130, Uniox M 550, Polyglycol M 750, Sanfine MM 2000, MPEG 350, MPEG 2000, MPEG 10000, Nissan Uniox M 600, Carbowax MPEG 5000, Pluriol A 500E, Pluriol A 350E, Pluriol A 275E, Nissan Uniox M 4000, MPEG 950, Sunbright MEH 20T, MPG, Carbowax MPEG 450, Pluriol A 2000E, MPG 140, Pluriol A 2000, Methoxy PEG 400, Me-PEG 400, Conion MP 220, Polyoxyethylene monomethyl ether, Polyglycol M 5000S, Polyglycol M 2000S, M 550, 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50-Heptadecaoxadopentacontan-52-ol, Pluriol 350E, M 750, MPEG 750, Pluriol 500, Polyglycol M 500, Uniox M 4000, Sunbright MEH 50H, Pluriol A 750I, Marlipal 1/12, 5702-16-9, 12623-96-0, 41396-14-9, 54386-07-1, 57244-93-6, 64543-87-9, 69592-91-2, 72664-19-8, 77102-87-5, 86002-19-9, 91826-72-1, 95507-78-1, 95507-80-5, 102868-77-9, 104841-59-0, 114740-40-8, 126966-17-4, 134919-42-9, 138753-86-3, 142172-77-8, 146162-92-7, 154701-70-9, 154885-26-4, 158360-78-2, 162582-19-6, 163294-10-8, 163733-28-6, 165338-17-0, 166441-82-3, 178613-33-7, 185250-24-2, 187523-66-6, 189209-93-6, 193008-24-1, 195970-98-0, 207799-14-2, 212969-32-9, 216693-45-7, 226212-72-2, 237739-71-8, 241466-57-9, 396134-26-2, MARLIPAL 1/7, METHOXY PEG-7, METHOXY PEG-7 [INCI], METHOXYPOLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 350, METHOXYPOLYOXYETHYLENE GLYCOL 350, MPEG 350, MPEG-7, PEG-7 METHYL ETHER, PEG-7 METHYL ETHER [II], PEG-7 METHYL ETHER [INCI], POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (7) METHYL ETHER, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 350 METHYL ETHER, POLYXOYETHYLENE (7) METHYL ETHER, 9004-74-4, MARLIPAL 1/7, METHOXY PEG-7, METHOXY PEG-7 [INCI], METHOXYPOLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 350, METHOXYPOLYOXYETHYLENE GLYCOL 350, MPEG 350, MPEG-7, PEG-7 METHYL ETHER, PEG-7 METHYL ETHER [II], PEG-7 METHYL ETHER [INCI], POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (7) METHYL ETHER, POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 350 METHYL ETHER, POLYXOYETHYLENE (7) METHYL ETHER,



Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is PEG-6 methyl ether-based plasticizer.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 maintains wet-tack strength and possesses lubricity and humectant properties.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is used in pressure-sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.
Physical Form of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is Powder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350, with an average molecular weight of 350, is widely used in various industries.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350is a reliable raw material that can be utilized in the production of drugs, chemicals, and many other applications.
Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 has a range of potential uses.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350, commonly referred to as PEG 2000 Monomethylether, is a polyether compound that is used in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceutical manufacturing as an excipient and active ingredient.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.


It is a Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 with a reactive chain end consisting of methyl ether.
Etherification of the Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 chain ends can be undertaken in basic conditions by reacting it with alkyl halides.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 can undergo cross linking to form hydrogels; polymerization can be initiated by redox reaction or free radical initiator.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is a high quality research product used as highly pure Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) with an average MW of 5000.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350, also referred to as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) or Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, is an exceptional and versatile compound designed to meet the diverse requirements of both research and industrial settings.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350, with its unique chemical formula and distinguished properties, pushes the boundaries of versatility, proving to be an indispensable tool for numerous professional applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 350:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is widely used in biochemical research where its properties as a hydrophilic polymer are beneficial for modifying protein solubility and stability.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 plays a significant role in the field of proteomics, assisting researchers in solubilizing proteins for structural analysis and functional studies.
In addition, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is employed in nanoparticle research, where it is used to improve the dispersion and stability of nanoparticles in various solvents, facilitating studies on their potential applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is also pivotal in surface science, where it is applied to modify surfaces to resist protein and cell adhesion, crucial for investigating biomaterial interactions.
Moreover, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is utilized in the synthesis of chemical delivery systems, where it enhances the bioavailability and controlled release of loaded agents, aiding in the exploration of new delivery methodologies.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is used as enteric release coatings.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is also used for a series of polycarboxylate water reducing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 acts as a solvent for brake fluids.


Further, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is used in the building materials industry and raw material for cement water reducing agent and strengthening agent.
In addition to this, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is used in surfactants, polyester and polyurethane based paints.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is used in a study to assess the synthesis of a new class of thermosensitive micellar cyclotriphosphazenes.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is intended for laboratory use only, and it is not meant for human consumption.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is a versatile compound with a range of potential applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is commonly known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, or mPEG.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is a versatile compound commonly used in various applications.


Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 has a range of potential uses.
With the CAS Number 9004-74-4 and the linear formula CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is available in powder form.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is used as a solvent, excipient, surfactant and dispersing agent.
Crystallization grade Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is used for formulating screens or for optimization


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is also used as a wetting agent and viscosity modifier.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 finds application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry due its low toxicity, lubricating property and solubility.


Due to its low toxicity Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 can be used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments, a reagent in biochemistry to create very high osmotic pressures, a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography and as a binder.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is used as a pore-forming agent in the preparation of ultrafiltration membranes which are used in the removal of macromolecules.
Crystallization grade Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is used for formulating screens or for optimization.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is a hydrophilic polymer that is used to control the flexibility of a composite.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 can be used for a variety of applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other biological uses.


Unleash the power of the multi-functional Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350, formulated to meet the varied demands of research and industry, enhances efficiency and assurances reproducible results, contributing to superior performance and success in all your endeavors.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 350:
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 is biodegradable, water-soluble polymer.
*Applications of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 include drug encapsulation and drug delivery.



KEY FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 350:
*Versatile compound with a range of potential uses
*Commonly used in various applications
*Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG
*CAS Number: 9004-74-4
*Linear formula: CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH
*Available in powder form



INHERENT ADVANTAGES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 350:
*Superlative solubility in a variety of solvents including water, ethanol, acetone, and chloroform.
*Imperturbable stability under multiple conditions, enhancing the consistency of experimental results.
*User-friendly packaging - available in both bulk and prepack sizes, catering to diverse scale applications.
*The exceptional solubility and stability offered by Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 make it invaluable for use across various sectors.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350's superior stability facilitates reliable and reproducible results, which are fundamental in research and industrial operations.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350's availability in different packaging formats allows custom scalability according to individual requirements.



SAFETY AND HANDLING OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 350:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 necessitates adherence to safety protocols.
Always follow the instructions provided in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for a comprehensive understanding of safe handling, storage, and disposal procedures.



FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 350:
*Sterile filtered solution
*Formulated in Type 1+ ultrapure water: 18.2 megaohm-cm resistivity at 25°C, < 5 ppb Total Organic Carbon, bacteria free (


PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 350:
Category: Detergents, Anionic detergents
Appearance: Liquid, Colourless
pH: 4.5-7.5
Hydroxyl Value: 152-168
Physical State: Liquid
Solubility: Soluble in water (partly)
Storage: Store at room temperature
Melting Point: 52-56°C
Density: 1.09 g/mL
Refractive Index: n20D 1.46
CAS Number: 9004-74-4
Molecular Formula: (C2H4O)nCH4O
InChI Key: XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: COCCO
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
Molecular Weight: 325 to 375 D
Residual Water: 0.5% max
Physical state: Paste
Color: Colorless
Odor: Not available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 64 - 69 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not available
Flammability (solid, gas): Not available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Not available
Flash point: 182 °C
Autoignition temperature: Not available

Decomposition temperature: Not available
pH: Not available
Viscosity: Kinematic viscosity: Not available, Dynamic viscosity: Not available
Water solubility: Not available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not available
Vapor pressure: Not available
Density: Not available
Relative density: Not available
Relative vapor density: Not available
Particle characteristics: Not available
Explosive properties: Not available
Oxidizing properties: Not available
Other safety information: Not available
Formula: CH₃(OCH₂CH₂)nOH

Density: 1.09
Flash Point: >110 °C (230 °F)
Storage Temperature: Ambient
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
CAS Number: 9004-74-4
CAS Registration Number: 9004-74-4
Unique Ingredient Identifier: ENK4Y6S66X
Molecular Formula: CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH
CAS Number: 9004-74-4
Molecular Weight: 76.09
HS Code: 39072090
pH: 4.0 to 8.0 (1% aqueous solution)
Physical Form: Liquid
Linear Formula: CH3(OCH2CH)nOH

Density: 1.09 g/mL
Quantity: 500 g
Hydroxyl Value: 152 to 168 mg KOH/g
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Refractive Index: 1.4560 to 1.4580 (20°C, 589 nm)
Water: 0.15% max. (Karl Fischer method)
Chemical Name or Material: Poly(ethylene glycol methylether), Average M.W. 350
CAS Number: 9004-74-4
Category: Polymer/Macromolecule
Molecular Weight: 350
Boiling Point: >200°C (decomposes)

Melting Point: -8°C
Flash Point: 360°F
Density: 1.091 (20°C)
Alpha Sort: Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Viscosity: 4.1 cSt (99°C)
CAS Registry Number: 9004-74-4
Classification: POLYETHERS
Formula: CH3O + (C2H4O)n + H
Instrument Name: Bio-Rad FTS 175C with Raman accessory
Molecular Weight (Average): 350



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 350:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 350:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 350:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 350:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 350:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature:
-20 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 350:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 has a range of potential uses.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.


CAS Number: 9004-74-4
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
Molecular Formula: CH3O(CH2CH2O)nH



SYNONYMS:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether, mono-Methyl polyethylene glycol 400, Methoxypolyethylene glycol, Methoxypolyethylene glycol 400 methyl cellosolve, ethanol, 2-methoxy, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, methyl oxitol, 2-methoxy-1-ethanol, methoxyethanol, 3-oxa-1-butanol, egme, monomethyl glycol, dowanol em, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-methyl-ω-hydroxy-, Glycols,polyethylene,monomethyl ether, Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Carbowax 350, Polyethylene glycol methyl ether, Ethylene oxide-methanol adduct, α-Methyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), Methyl polyglycol, Carbowax 750, Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), Carbowax 550, Carbowax 2000, Carbowax 5000, Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, MPEG, MPEG 5000, Monomethoxypolyoxyethylene, Nissan Uniox M 2000, Hymol PM, MPG 025, MPG 081, Nissan Uniox M 400, O-Methoxypolyethylene glycol, Breox MPEG 550, GN 8384, CP 2000 (polyoxyalkylene), CP 2000, Monomethoxy poly(ethylene oxide), Nissan Uniox M 550, Poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether, Toho Me-PEG 400, Toho Me-PEG 1000, Uniox M 400, Nissan Uniol 1000, Nissan Uniol 550, MPEG 500, Nissan Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 2000, Carbowax 750ME, MPG 130, Uniox M 550, Polyglycol M 750, Sanfine MM 2000, MPEG 350, MPEG 2000, MPEG 10000, Nissan Uniox M 600, Carbowax MPEG 5000, Pluriol A 500E, Pluriol A 350E, Pluriol A 275E, Nissan Uniox M 4000, MPEG 950, Sunbright MEH 20T, MPG, Carbowax MPEG 450, Pluriol A 2000E, MPG 140, Pluriol A 2000, Methoxy PEG 400, Me-PEG 400, Conion MP 220, Polyoxyethylene monomethyl ether, Polyglycol M 5000S, Polyglycol M 2000S, M 550, 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50-Heptadecaoxadopentacontan-52-ol, Pluriol 350E, M 750, MPEG 750, Pluriol 500, Polyglycol M 500, Uniox M 4000, Sunbright MEH 50H, Pluriol A 750I, Marlipal 1/12, 5702-16-9, 12623-96-0, 41396-14-9, 54386-07-1, 57244-93-6, 64543-87-9, 69592-91-2, 72664-19-8, 77102-87-5, 86002-19-9, 91826-72-1, 95507-78-1, 95507-80-5, 102868-77-9, 104841-59-0, 114740-40-8, 126966-17-4, 134919-42-9, 138753-86-3, 142172-77-8, 146162-92-7, 154701-70-9, 154885-26-4, 158360-78-2, 162582-19-6, 163294-10-8, 163733-28-6, 165338-17-0, 166441-82-3, 178613-33-7, 185250-24-2, 187523-66-6, 189209-93-6, 193008-24-1, 195970-98-0, 207799-14-2, 212969-32-9, 216693-45-7, 226212-72-2, 237739-71-8, 241466-57-9, 396134-26-2



Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is PEG-6 methyl ether-based plasticizer.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 maintains wet-tack strength and possesses lubricity and humectant properties.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is used in pressure-sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Physical Form of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is Powder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400, with an average molecular weight of 750, is widely used in various industries.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400is a reliable raw material that can be utilized in the production of drugs, chemicals, and many other applications.
Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 has a range of potential uses.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400, commonly referred to as PEG 2000 Monomethylether, is a polyether compound that is used in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceutical manufacturing as an excipient and active ingredient.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.


It is a Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 with a reactive chain end consisting of methyl ether.
Etherification of the Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 chain ends can be undertaken in basic conditions by reacting it with alkyl halides.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 can undergo cross linking to form hydrogels; polymerization can be initiated by redox reaction or free radical initiator.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is a high quality research product used as highly pure Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) with an average MW of 5000.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400, also referred to as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) or Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, is an exceptional and versatile compound designed to meet the diverse requirements of both research and industrial settings.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400, with its unique chemical formula and distinguished properties, pushes the boundaries of versatility, proving to be an indispensable tool for numerous professional applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 400:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is used in a study to assess the synthesis of a new class of thermosensitive micellar cyclotriphosphazenes.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is intended for laboratory use only, and it is not meant for human consumption.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is widely used in biochemical research where its properties as a hydrophilic polymer are beneficial for modifying protein solubility and stability.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 plays a significant role in the field of proteomics, assisting researchers in solubilizing proteins for structural analysis and functional studies.


In addition, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is employed in nanoparticle research, where it is used to improve the dispersion and stability of nanoparticles in various solvents, facilitating studies on their potential applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is also pivotal in surface science, where it is applied to modify surfaces to resist protein and cell adhesion, crucial for investigating biomaterial interactions.


Moreover, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is utilized in the synthesis of chemical delivery systems, where it enhances the bioavailability and controlled release of loaded agents, aiding in the exploration of new delivery methodologies.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is used as enteric release coatings.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is also used for a series of polycarboxylate water reducing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 acts as a solvent for brake fluids.
Further, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is used in the building materials industry and raw material for cement water reducing agent and strengthening agent.


In addition to this, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is used in surfactants, polyester and polyurethane based paints.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is a versatile compound with a range of potential applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is commonly known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, or mPEG.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is a versatile compound commonly used in various applications.


Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 has a range of potential uses.
With the CAS Number 9004-74-4 and the linear formula CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is available in powder form.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is used as a solvent, excipient, surfactant and dispersing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is also used as a wetting agent and viscosity modifier.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 finds application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry due its low toxicity, lubricating property and solubility.


Due to its low toxicity Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 can be used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments, a reagent in biochemistry to create very high osmotic pressures, a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography and as a binder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is used as a pore-forming agent in the preparation of ultrafiltration membranes which are used in the removal of macromolecules.


Crystallization grade Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is used for formulating screens or for optimization
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is a hydrophilic polymer that is used to control the flexibility of a composite.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 can be used for a variety of applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other biological uses.


Unleash the power of the multi-functional Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400, formulated to meet the varied demands of research and industry, enhances efficiency and assurances reproducible results, contributing to superior performance and success in all your endeavors.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 400 :
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 is biodegradable, water-soluble polymer.
*Applications of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 include drug encapsulation and drug delivery.



KEY FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 400:
*Versatile compound with a range of potential uses
*Commonly used in various applications
*Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG
*CAS Number: 9004-74-4
*Linear formula: CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH
*Available in powder form



INHERENT ADVANTAGES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 400:
*Superlative solubility in a variety of solvents including water, ethanol, acetone, and chloroform.
*Imperturbable stability under multiple conditions, enhancing the consistency of experimental results.
*User-friendly packaging - available in both bulk and prepack sizes, catering to diverse scale applications.
*The exceptional solubility and stability offered by Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 make it invaluable for use across various sectors.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400's superior stability facilitates reliable and reproducible results, which are fundamental in research and industrial operations.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400's availability in different packaging formats allows custom scalability according to individual requirements.



SAFETY AND HANDLING OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 400:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 400 necessitates adherence to safety protocols.
Always follow the instructions provided in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for a comprehensive understanding of safe handling, storage, and disposal procedures.



FEATURES POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 400:
*Sterile filtered solution
*Formulated in Type 1+ ultrapure water: 18.2 megaohm-cm resistivity at 25°C, < 5 ppb Total Organic Carbon, bacteria free (


PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 400:
Categories: Detergents, Anionic detergents
Appearance: Colorless liquid
pH: 4.5-7.5
Refractive Index: 1.46
Hydroxyl Value: 130-150
Physical State (20°C): Liquid
Storage Temperature: Room Temperature (Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
CAS RN: 9004-74-4
PubChem Substance ID: 253662344
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
Chemical Name or Material: Polyethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether 400
Color: Yellow

Synonym: methyl cellosolve, ethanol, 2-methoxy, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether,
methyl oxitol, 2-methoxy-1-ethanol, methoxyethanol,
3-oxa-1-butanol, egme, monomethyl glycol, dowanol em
SMILES: COCCO
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 76.10
ChEBI: CHEBI:46790
InChI Key: XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name: 2-methoxyethan-1-ol
PubChem CID: 8019
Average molecular weight: 380 to 420
Melting Point: n/a
Specific Gravity: 1.09
Physical state: Pellets, flakes

Color: Colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 20°C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 182°C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity: Viscosity, kinematic: No data available; Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility at 20°C: Slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: None
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 400:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 400:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 400:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 400:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 400:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature:
-20 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 400:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is PEG-6 methyl ether-based plasticizer.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 maintains wet-tack strength and possesses lubricity and humectant properties.


CAS Number: 9004-74-4
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
Molecular Formula: CH3O(CH2CH2O)nH



SYNONYMS:
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-methyl-ω-hydroxy-, Glycols,polyethylene,monomethyl ether, Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Carbowax 350, Polyethylene glycol methyl ether, Ethylene oxide-methanol adduct, α-Methyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), Methyl polyglycol, Carbowax 750, Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), Carbowax 550, Carbowax 2000, Carbowax 5000, Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, MPEG, MPEG 5000, Monomethoxypolyoxyethylene, Nissan Uniox M 2000, Hymol PM, MPG 025, MPG 081, Nissan Uniox M 400, O-Methoxypolyethylene glycol, Breox MPEG 550, GN 8384, CP 2000 (polyoxyalkylene), CP 2000, Monomethoxy poly(ethylene oxide), Nissan Uniox M 550, Poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether, Toho Me-PEG 400, Toho Me-PEG 1000, Uniox M 400, Nissan Uniol 1000, Nissan Uniol 550, MPEG 500, Nissan Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 2000, Carbowax 750ME, MPG 130, Uniox M 550, Polyglycol M 750, Sanfine MM 2000, MPEG 350, MPEG 2000, MPEG 10000, Nissan Uniox M 600, Carbowax MPEG 5000, Pluriol A 500E, Pluriol A 350E, Pluriol A 275E, Nissan Uniox M 4000, MPEG 950, Sunbright MEH 20T, MPG, Carbowax MPEG 450, Pluriol A 2000E, MPG 140, Pluriol A 2000, Methoxy PEG 400, Me-PEG 400, Conion MP 220, Polyoxyethylene monomethyl ether, Polyglycol M 5000S, Polyglycol M 2000S, M 550, 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50-Heptadecaoxadopentacontan-52-ol, Pluriol 350E, M 750, MPEG 750, Pluriol 500, Polyglycol M 500, Uniox M 4000, Sunbright MEH 50H, Pluriol A 750I, Marlipal 1/12, 5702-16-9, 12623-96-0, 41396-14-9, 54386-07-1, 57244-93-6, 64543-87-9, 69592-91-2, 72664-19-8, 77102-87-5, 86002-19-9, 91826-72-1, 95507-78-1, 95507-80-5, 102868-77-9, 104841-59-0, 114740-40-8, 126966-17-4, 134919-42-9, 138753-86-3, 142172-77-8, 146162-92-7, 154701-70-9, 154885-26-4, 158360-78-2, 162582-19-6, 163294-10-8, 163733-28-6, 165338-17-0, 166441-82-3, 178613-33-7, 185250-24-2, 187523-66-6, 189209-93-6, 193008-24-1, 195970-98-0, 207799-14-2, 212969-32-9, 216693-45-7, 226212-72-2, 237739-71-8, 241466-57-9, 396134-26-2, Methoxypolyethylene glycols, METHOXY POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 750, Poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether), Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether, ETHYLENE GLYCOL 750 MONOMETHYL ETHER POLYMER, ETHYLENE GLYCOL 550 MONOMETHYL ETHER POLYMER, ETHYLENE GLYCOL 350 MONOMETHYL ETHER POLYMER, ETHYLENE GLYCOL 1900 MONOMETHYL ETHER POLYMER, ETHYLENE GLYCOL 5000 MONOMETHYL ETHER POLYMER, 2-ethanediyl), alpha.-methyl.-omega.-hydroxy-Poly(oxy-1, Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, mPEG, mPEG , Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) , Methoxypolyethylene glycols , PEG MME , Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether



Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is a high quality research product used as highly pure Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) with an average MW of 5000.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000, also referred to as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) or Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, is an exceptional and versatile compound designed to meet the diverse requirements of both research and industrial settings.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000, with its unique chemical formula and distinguished properties, pushes the boundaries of versatility, proving to be an indispensable tool for numerous professional applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is PEG-6 methyl ether-based plasticizer.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 maintains wet-tack strength and possesses lubricity and humectant properties.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is used in pressure-sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.
Physical Form of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is Powder.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000, with an average molecular weight of 750, is widely used in various industries.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000is a reliable raw material that can be utilized in the production of drugs, chemicals, and many other applications.
Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 has a range of potential uses.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000, commonly referred to as PEG 2000 Monomethylether, is a polyether compound that is used in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceutical manufacturing as an excipient and active ingredient.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.


It is a Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 with a reactive chain end consisting of methyl ether.
Etherification of the Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 chain ends can be undertaken in basic conditions by reacting it with alkyl halides.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 can undergo cross linking to form hydrogels; polymerization can be initiated by redox reaction or free radical initiator.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 5000:
Crystallization grade Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is used for formulating screens or for optimization
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is a hydrophilic polymer that is used to control the flexibility of a composite.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 can be used for a variety of applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other biological uses.


Unleash the power of the multi-functional Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000, formulated to meet the varied demands of research and industry, enhances efficiency and assurances reproducible results, contributing to superior performance and success in all your endeavors.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is widely used in biochemical research where its properties as a hydrophilic polymer are beneficial for modifying protein solubility and stability.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 plays a significant role in the field of proteomics, assisting researchers in solubilizing proteins for structural analysis and functional studies.
In addition, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is employed in nanoparticle research, where it is used to improve the dispersion and stability of nanoparticles in various solvents, facilitating studies on their potential applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is also pivotal in surface science, where it is applied to modify surfaces to resist protein and cell adhesion, crucial for investigating biomaterial interactions.
Moreover, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is utilized in the synthesis of chemical delivery systems, where it enhances the bioavailability and controlled release of loaded agents, aiding in the exploration of new delivery methodologies.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is used as enteric release coatings.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is also used for a series of polycarboxylate water reducing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 acts as a solvent for brake fluids.


Further, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is used in the building materials industry and raw material for cement water reducing agent and strengthening agent.


In addition to this, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is used in surfactants, polyester and polyurethane based paints.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is used in a study to assess the synthesis of a new class of thermosensitive micellar cyclotriphosphazenes.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is intended for laboratory use only, and it is not meant for human consumption.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is a versatile compound with a range of potential applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is commonly known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, or mPEG.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is a versatile compound commonly used in various applications.
Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 has a range of potential uses.


With the CAS Number 9004-74-4 and the linear formula CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is available in powder form.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is used as a solvent, excipient, surfactant and dispersing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is also used as a wetting agent and viscosity modifier.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 finds application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry due its low toxicity, lubricating property and solubility.
Due to its low toxicity Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 can be used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments, a reagent in biochemistry to create very high osmotic pressures, a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography and as a binder.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is used as a pore-forming agent in the preparation of ultrafiltration membranes which are used in the removal of macromolecules.
Crystallization grade Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is used for formulating screens or for optimization.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 5000:
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 is biodegradable, water-soluble polymer.
*Applications of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 include drug encapsulation and drug delivery.



KEY FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 5000:
*Versatile compound with a range of potential uses
*Commonly used in various applications
*Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG
*CAS Number: 9004-74-4
*Linear formula: CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH
*Available in powder form



INHERENT ADVANTAGES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 5000:
*Superlative solubility in a variety of solvents including water, ethanol, acetone, and chloroform.
*Imperturbable stability under multiple conditions, enhancing the consistency of experimental results.
*User-friendly packaging - available in both bulk and prepack sizes, catering to diverse scale applications.
*The exceptional solubility and stability offered by Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 make it invaluable for use across various sectors.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000's superior stability facilitates reliable and reproducible results, which are fundamental in research and industrial operations.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000's availability in different packaging formats allows custom scalability according to individual requirements.



SAFETY AND HANDLING OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 5000:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000 necessitates adherence to safety protocols.
Always follow the instructions provided in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for a comprehensive understanding of safe handling, storage, and disposal procedures.



FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 5000:
*Sterile filtered solution
*Formulated in Type 1+ ultrapure water: 18.2 megaohm-cm resistivity at 25°C, < 5 ppb Total Organic Carbon, bacteria free (


PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 5000:
Physical state: Pellets, flakes
Color: Colorless
Odor: Not available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 20 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not available
Flammability (solid, gas): Not available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Not available
Flash point: 182 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: Not available
Decomposition temperature: Not available
pH: Not available
Viscosity:
Kinematic: Not available,
Dynamic: Not available

Water solubility at 20 °C: Slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not available
Vapor pressure: Not available
Density: Not available
Relative density: Not available
Relative vapor density: Not available
Particle characteristics: Not available
Explosive properties: Not available
Oxidizing properties: None
Other safety information: Not available
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 5000
Catalog number: B2010415
Lot number: Batch Dependent
Expiration Date: Batch dependent
Amount: 50 g
Molecular Weight or Concentration: average Mn 5,000
Supplied as: Flakes/crystals
Appearance: White

Ω-end hydroxyl
α-end methoxy
Form: Powder or crystals, flakes
InChI key: XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: 1S/C3H8O2/c1-5-3-2-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H3
Mol wt: Average Mn 5,000
MP: 60-64 °C
Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.05 mmHg ( 20 °C)
CAS Number: 9004-74-4
CAS: 9004-74-4
EINECS: 618-394-3
InChI: InChI=1/C3H8O2/c1-5-3-2-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H3
InChIKey: XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C5H12O3
Molar Mass: 120.14698

Density: 1.094g/mL at 25°C
Melting Point: 60-64°C
Boiling Point: >200°C/760mmHg
Flash Point: 268 °C
Water Solubility: Slightly miscible with water.
Solubility: H2O: 50mg/mL at 25°C, clear, colorless
Vapor Pressure: 0.05 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Vapor Density: >1 (vs air)
Appearance: White crystal
Specific Gravity: 1.094
Color: White to pale yellow
Maximum wavelength(λmax): ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.06', 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.03']
PH: 5.5-7.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Storage Condition: -20°C
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases.
Sensitive: Easily absorbing moisture
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.459
MDL: MFCD00084416



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 5000:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 5000:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 5000:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 5000:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 5000:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature:
-20 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 5000:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is used in pressure-sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.


CAS Number: 9004-74-4
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
Molecular Formula: CH3O(CH2CH2O)nH



SYNONYMS:
mPEG , Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) , Methoxypolyethylene glycols , PEG MME , Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether, methyl cellosolve, ethanol, 2-methoxy, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, methyl oxitol, 2-methoxy-1-ethanol, methoxyethanol, 3-oxa-1-butanol, egme, monomethyl glycol, dowanol em, Methoxy PEG thiol, Methoxypolyethylene glycol thiol, mPEG thiol, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl),α-methyl-ω-hydroxy-, Glycols,polyethylene,monomethyl ether, Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Carbowax 350, Polyethylene glycol methyl ether, Ethylene oxide-methanol adduct, α-Methyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), Methyl polyglycol, Carbowax 750, Methoxypoly(ethylene glycol), Carbowax 550, Carbowax 2000, Carbowax 5000, Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, MPEG, MPEG 5000, Monomethoxypolyoxyethylene, Nissan Uniox M 2000, Hymol PM, MPG 025, MPG 081, Nissan Uniox M 400, O-Methoxypolyethylene glycol, Breox MPEG 550, GN 8384, CP 2000 (polyoxyalkylene), CP 2000, Monomethoxy poly(ethylene oxide), Nissan Uniox M 550, Poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether, Toho Me-PEG 400, Toho Me-PEG 1000, Uniox M 400, Nissan Uniol 1000, Nissan Uniol 550, MPEG 500, Nissan Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 1000, Uniox M 2000, Carbowax 750ME, MPG 130, Uniox M 550, Polyglycol M 750, Sanfine MM 2000, MPEG 350, MPEG 2000, MPEG 10000, Nissan Uniox M 600, Carbowax MPEG 5000, Pluriol A 500E, Pluriol A 350E, Pluriol A 275E, Nissan Uniox M 4000, MPEG 950, Sunbright MEH 20T, MPG, Carbowax MPEG 450, Pluriol A 2000E, MPG 140, Pluriol A 2000, Methoxy PEG 400, Me-PEG 400, Conion MP 220, Polyoxyethylene monomethyl ether, Polyglycol M 5000S, Polyglycol M 2000S, M 550, 2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44,47,50-Heptadecaoxadopentacontan-52-ol, Pluriol 350E, M 750, MPEG 750, Pluriol 500, Polyglycol M 500, Uniox M 4000, Sunbright MEH 50H, Pluriol A 750I, Marlipal 1/12, 5702-16-9, 12623-96-0, 41396-14-9, 54386-07-1, 57244-93-6, 64543-87-9, 69592-91-2, 72664-19-8, 77102-87-5, 86002-19-9, 91826-72-1, 95507-78-1, 95507-80-5, 102868-77-9, 104841-59-0, 114740-40-8, 126966-17-4, 134919-42-9, 138753-86-3, 142172-77-8, 146162-92-7, 154701-70-9, 154885-26-4, 158360-78-2, 162582-19-6, 163294-10-8, 163733-28-6, 165338-17-0, 166441-82-3, 178613-33-7, 185250-24-2, 187523-66-6, 189209-93-6, 193008-24-1, 195970-98-0, 207799-14-2, 212969-32-9, 216693-45-7, 226212-72-2, 237739-71-8, 241466-57-9, 396134-26-2, Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, mPEG, Methoxypolyethylene glycol, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether, mono-Methyl polyethylene glycol 500,



Physical Form of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is Powder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750, with an average molecular weight of 750, is widely used in various industries.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750is a reliable raw material that can be utilized in the production of drugs, chemicals, and many other applications.


Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 has a range of potential uses.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is PEG-6 methyl ether-based plasticizer.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 maintains wet-tack strength and possesses lubricity and humectant properties.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is used in pressure-sensitive and thermoplastic adhesives.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is a polymer similar in structure and nomenclature to polyethylene glycols.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750, commonly referred to as PEG 2000 Monomethylether, is a polyether compound that is used in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceutical manufacturing as an excipient and active ingredient.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is a hydrophilic macromonomer used to introduce hydrophilic sites into polymers and stabilize polymer emulsions.


It is a Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 with a reactive chain end consisting of methyl ether.
Etherification of the Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 chain ends can be undertaken in basic conditions by reacting it with alkyl halides.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 can undergo cross linking to form hydrogels; polymerization can be initiated by redox reaction or free radical initiator.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is a high quality research product used as highly pure Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) with an average MW of 5000.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750, also referred to as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) or Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, is an exceptional and versatile compound designed to meet the diverse requirements of both research and industrial settings.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750, with its unique chemical formula and distinguished properties, pushes the boundaries of versatility, proving to be an indispensable tool for numerous professional applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750, known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), is a powerful asset in research and industrial settings due to its excellent solubility and stability profile, and a wide range of applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 offers ample flexibility with availability in bulk and pre-packs.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 750:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is a versatile compound with a range of potential applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is commonly known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, or mPEG.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is a versatile compound commonly used in various applications.


Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 has a range of potential uses.
With the CAS Number 9004-74-4 and the linear formula CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is available in powder form.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is used as a solvent, excipient, surfactant and dispersing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is also used as a wetting agent and viscosity modifier.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 finds application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry due its low toxicity, lubricating property and solubility.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is widely used in biochemical research where its properties as a hydrophilic polymer are beneficial for modifying protein solubility and stability.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 plays a significant role in the field of proteomics, assisting researchers in solubilizing proteins for structural analysis and functional studies.
In addition, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is employed in nanoparticle research, where it is used to improve the dispersion and stability of nanoparticles in various solvents, facilitating studies on their potential applications.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is also pivotal in surface science, where it is applied to modify surfaces to resist protein and cell adhesion, crucial for investigating biomaterial interactions.
Moreover, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is utilized in the synthesis of chemical delivery systems, where it enhances the bioavailability and controlled release of loaded agents, aiding in the exploration of new delivery methodologies.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is used as enteric release coatings.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is also used for a series of polycarboxylate water reducing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 acts as a solvent for brake fluids.


Further, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is used in the building materials industry and raw material for cement water reducing agent and strengthening agent.
In addition to this, Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is used in surfactants, polyester and polyurethane based paints.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is used in a study to assess the synthesis of a new class of thermosensitive micellar cyclotriphosphazenes.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is intended for laboratory use only, and it is not meant for human consumption.


Due to its low toxicity Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 can be used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments, a reagent in biochemistry to create very high osmotic pressures, a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography and as a binder.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is used as a pore-forming agent in the preparation of ultrafiltration membranes which are used in the removal of macromolecules.


Crystallization grade Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is used for formulating screens or for optimization.
Crystallization grade Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is used for formulating screens or for optimization
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is a hydrophilic polymer that is used to control the flexibility of a composite.


Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 can be used for a variety of applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other biological uses.
Unleash the power of the multi-functional Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750, formulated to meet the varied demands of research and industry, enhances efficiency and assurances reproducible results, contributing to superior performance and success in all your endeavors.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 750 :
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 is biodegradable, water-soluble polymer.
*Applications of Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 include drug encapsulation and drug delivery.



KEY FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 750 :
*Versatile compound with a range of potential uses
*Commonly used in various applications
*Also known as Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and mPEG
*CAS Number: 9004-74-4
*Linear formula: CH3(OCH2CH2)nOH
*Available in powder form



INHERENT ADVANTAGES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 750:
*Superlative solubility in a variety of solvents including water, ethanol, acetone, and chloroform.
*Imperturbable stability under multiple conditions, enhancing the consistency of experimental results.
*User-friendly packaging - available in both bulk and prepack sizes, catering to diverse scale applications.
*The exceptional solubility and stability offered by Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 make it invaluable for use across various sectors.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750's superior stability facilitates reliable and reproducible results, which are fundamental in research and industrial operations.
*Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750's availability in different packaging formats allows custom scalability according to individual requirements.



SAFETY AND HANDLING OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 750:
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 750 necessitates adherence to safety protocols.
Always follow the instructions provided in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for a comprehensive understanding of safe handling, storage, and disposal procedures.



FEATURES OF POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 750:
*Sterile filtered solution
*Formulated in Type 1+ ultrapure water: 18.2 megaohm-cm resistivity at 25°C, < 5 ppb Total Organic Carbon, bacteria free (


PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 750:
CAS: 9004-74-4
Molecular Formula: (C2H4O)nCH4O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 76.10
MDL Number: MFCD00084416
InChI Key: XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 8019
ChEBI: CHEBI:46790
SMILES: COCCO
Specification Sheet:
Residual water: 3% max
Molecular Weight: 715 to 785
pH: 4.5 to 7.5 (5% aq. soln., 25°C)
Form: Fused mass/clear liquid as a melt

Melting Point: 28–32°C
Density: 1.10
Flash Point: >110°C (230°F)
Storage Temperature: Ambient
Physical Properties:
Color: Colorless to Yellow
Physical Form: Low Melting Solid
Melting Point: 28°C to 32°C
Density: 1.10 g/mL
Solubility: Slightly miscible with water
Chemical Name or Material: Polyethylene glycol monomethylether, 750
Additional Information:

Ω-end: hydroxyl
α-end: methoxy
Molecular Weight: average Mn 750
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.459
Transition Temperature: Tm 30°C
Vapor Density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor Pressure: 0.05 mmHg (20°C)
Viscosity: 10.5 cSt (210°F) (lit.)
Physical State: Pellets, flakes
Flash Point: 182°C - closed cup
Oxidizing Properties: None
Other Safety Information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 750:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 750:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 750:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 750:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 750:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature:
-20 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) METHYL ETHER 750:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is a PEG linker containing a hydroxyl group.
The Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether enables further derivatization or replacement with other reactive functional groups.
The Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether spacer increases solubility in aqueous media.

CAS Number: 9004-74-4
Molecular Formula: C5H12O3
Molecular Weight: 120.14698
EINECS Number: 618-394-3

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is a Polyethylene glycol (PEG) macromer with a reactive chain end consisting of methyl ether.
Etherification of the Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether chain ends can be undertaken in basic conditions by reacting it with alkyl halides.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can undergo cross linking to form hydrogels; polymerization can be initiated by redox reaction or free radical initiator.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, also known as PEG Monomethyl Ether, is a type of polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ethers are polymers that are widely used in various industries for their solubility, stability, and ability to modify the physical properties of substances.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether specifically refers to PEG molecules with a single methyl (CH3) group attached to one end of the polymer chain.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be used as a pore-forming agent to prepare polysulfone membranes with enhanced hydrophilicity.
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-grafted polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers can be used as drug carrier systems for anticancer drugs.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is the main material to produce polycarboxylate high water reducing agent.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether effective cement Good water solubility, wettability, lubricity, physiologically inert properties, irritability.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl etherwith medium properties is widely used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether are a series of methyl substituted poly(ethylene) glycols that have been used with some success in the crystallization of a number of hydrophobic proteins.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether cellosolve is an organic compound with the formula C3H8O2 used.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is a clear, colorless liquid with an ether-like odor.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is in a class of solvents known as glycol ethers, noted for their ability to dissolve a variety of substances.

Different types of chemical compounds have miscibility with water and other solvents.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be formed by nucleophilic attack of methanol on protonated ethylene oxide followed by proton.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used as a solvent for many different purposes such as varnishes, paints and resins.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is also used as an additive in aircraft defrosting solutions.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is widely used for the synthesis of Vaska complex and related compounds.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is toxic to bone marrow and testicles.

Those exposed to high levels are at risk for granulocytopenia, macrocytic anemia, oligospermia and azoospermia.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is converted to methoxyacetic acid (methoxyacetic acid) by alcohol dehydrogenase.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether ethanol and acetate have a protective effect.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can enter the Krebs cycle where Polyethylene Glycol is present.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is a group of solvents based on alkyl ethylene glycol or propylene glycol ethers commonly used in paints and cleaners.
Typically, low molecular weight ethers have a higher boiling point with favorable solvent properties.

Typically Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is found as: pharmaceutical, sunscreens, cosmetics, inks, paints and water-based paints, Polyethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether is used in degreasers, cleaners, aerosol paints and adhesives.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether comes in various molecular weights, which refers to the size of the polymer chain.
Different molecular weights of Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can have slightly different properties and applications.

The specific molecular weight chosen can impact factors like solubility, viscosity, and compatibility with other substances.
In addition to the pharmaceutical uses mentioned earlier, Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether and other PEG derivatives are employed in medical and healthcare settings.
Certain Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether derivatives are used in medical imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans to enhance contrast and improve visualization of certain tissues.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, the process of attaching PEG molecules to drugs or drug carriers, can alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs, extending their circulation time in the body and potentially reducing immunogenicity.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can have various derivatives, such as those modified with different functional groups or chain lengths.
These derivatives can exhibit specific properties suited to particular applications.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, enhancing their bioavailability and effectiveness.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether's incorporated into drug delivery systems to modify the release profile of drugs, enabling controlled and sustained drug delivery.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether Monomethyl Ether provides moisturization and smoothness to the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lotions, creams, and moisturizers.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether's used as an emulsifier in cosmetic formulations, helping blend water and oil-based ingredients.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is sometimes employed to functionalize nanoparticles and improve their biocompatibility and stability.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can also help nanoparticles evade the immune system, making them more suitable for medical applications like targeted drug delivery.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, play a role in the development of biomaterials for tissue engineering, wound healing, and regenerative medicine.
Their water solubility, non-reactive nature, and ability to modify surface properties make them valuable in these contexts.
Research is ongoing to develop biodegradable and environmentally friendly alternatives to certain Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether derivatives, addressing concerns about persistence and accumulation in the environment.

Regulatory bodies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) oversee the safety and approval of Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether derivatives used in pharmaceuticals and other applications.
These agencies assess factors like toxicity, stability, and potential allergic reactions.

Melting point: 60-64 °C
Boiling point: >200°C/760mmHg
Density: 1.094 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density: >1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.05 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.459
Flash point: 268 °C
storage temp.: -20°C
solubility: H2O: 50 mg/mL at 25 °C, clear, colorless
form: semisolid
Specific Gravity: 1.094
color: White to pale yellow
PH: 5.5-7.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
Water Solubility: Slightly miscible with water.
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.06
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.03
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases.
InChIKey: XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.800 (est)

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be used as intermediates undergoing further chemical reactions.
The basic physicochemical properties of Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether were determined over a wide temperature range.
The impact of the introduction of brake fluids on key quality indices was studied on Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether borates.

Advances in electronics and life sciences have sparked interest in "lab-on-a-chip" systems that use complementary metals.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether polymer brushes are used as biointerface coatings to enhance their relevance in biosensing.
Using the surface-initiated "grafting" strategy, Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether films were reliably grown on each surface.

These Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether films were also studied to determine the potential impact on the environment.
Electronic devices providing information about the relative permeability and fault area for Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether are available in both dry and aqueous form.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether was shown that the addition of Polyethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether coatings significantly reduced nonspecific levels.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is a type of polyethylene glycol derivative.
The basic structure of Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether consists of repeating units of ethylene glycol.
In the case of Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, a single methyl (CH3) group is attached to one end of the polyethylene glycol chain.

This modification gives PEG Monomethyl Ether its specific properties.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether possesses several important properties that make it useful in various applications.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is highly water-soluble.

This property makes it useful for formulating aqueous solutions and products.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is non-ionic, meaning it doesn't carry a net electrical charge.
This property contributes to its compatibility with a wide range of substances.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether has emollient properties, making it useful for softening and moisturizing the skin.
This characteristic is beneficial in cosmetic and personal care products.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is chemically stable and does not readily undergo reactions with other substances.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is available in different variants based on its molecular weight, which can range from low to high.
The choice of variant depends on the specific application and the desired properties, such as viscosity, solubility, and compatibility with other ingredients.
The presence of the polyethylene glycol chain in Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether imparts hydrophilic (water-attracting) properties to the compound.

This hydrophilic nature can influence its interactions with water, other molecules, and surfaces.
The addition of the methyl group at one end provides a degree of hydrophobic (water-repelling) character.
This balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity allows Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether to play diverse roles in various formulations.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used in combination with other ingredients to achieve specific performance characteristics.
Blending it with other surfactants, emulsifiers, or polymers can help optimize the final product's stability, viscosity, texture, and other properties.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, are used in drug formulation to overcome challenges such as poor solubility, instability, and rapid clearance from the body.

By modifying drug molecules with Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, their therapeutic effects can be prolonged, reducing the frequency of administration and improving patient compliance.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is a key strategy to enhance the properties of nanoparticles and improve their circulation time in the bloodstream.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether nanoparticles can improve drug delivery to target tissues and reduce non-specific interactions with blood components, thus enhancing their efficacy and safety.

One of the reasons PEG and its derivatives like Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is widely used is their biocompatibility and inertness.
They generally do not provoke strong immune responses or induce toxicity.
This makes them suitable for various medical and pharmaceutical applications.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether itself is relatively stable and non-reactive, the environmental impact of PEG derivatives can vary.
Some Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether derivatives are considered biodegradable, while others may persist in the environment for longer periods.
Researchers and manufacturers are exploring eco-friendly alternatives and considering factors such as biodegradation and eventual breakdown into non-harmful components.

Research in the field of polymers and materials science, including Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, is ongoing.
Scientists are continually exploring new ways to modify these compounds to suit specific applications, improve their biodegradability, and enhance their performance in various industries.

Uses
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether has been used in a study to assess the synthesis of a new class of thermosensitive micellar cyclotriphosphazenes.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether has also been used in a study to investigate synthesis of a new amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) by stepwise nucleophilic substitution.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether of with an average molecular mass of 350.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used in various applications such as micelles for drug delivery as well as in modifications of therapeutic proteins to improve their pharmacokinetics.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether's mild surfactant properties are employed in shampoos, body washes, and cleansing products.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be found in hair care products for its conditioning and anti-static effects.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used as a solvent or diluent in adhesive formulations.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is added to coatings to improve flow, leveling, and texture.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used to stabilize solutions and dispersions in laboratory settings.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether applied in the functionalization and modification of nanoparticles, particularly in the medical and materials science fields.
Certain PEG derivatives, including Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, are used as contrast agents in medical imaging techniques like MRI.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used in the development of biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether derivatives are approved as food additives, stabilizers, and texturizing agents in certain food and beverage products.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether derivatives are investigated for their potential use in wastewater treatment due to their ability to adsorb contaminants and improve Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, making them easier to formulate into medications.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether derivatives are often used in drug delivery systems to improve the release profile of drugs and increase their bioavailability.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be found in ointments, creams, and lotions due to its ability to improve the texture and spreadability of these products.
In the cosmetics and personal care industry, Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used for its emollient and solubilizing properties.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can help stabilize oil-in-water emulsions, which are common in creams, lotions, and other cosmetic products.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can act as a mild surfactant in cleansing products like shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be used in skincare products to provide moisturization and improve the texture of the product.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used in various industrial applications due to its solubility and non-reactive nature.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be used as a solvent or diluent in adhesive formulations.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can contribute to the properties of coatings, such as improved flow and leveling.

In laboratory settings, Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether might be used as a component in various solutions or as a stabilizing agent.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether nanoparticles are utilized for targeted drug delivery, enhancing drug accumulation in specific tissues while minimizing side effects.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used in textile dyeing and finishing processes to enhance dye penetration and improve fabric properties.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether and other PEG derivatives are used as stabilizers and excipients in a wide range of products.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether derivatives are approved for use as food additives and stabilizers in certain food and beverage products.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether derivatives can serve as emulsifiers, thickeners, and stabilizers in cosmetics, skincare products, and toiletries.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be used in pesticide formulations to improve the dispersion of active ingredients and enhance their effectiveness.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be added to paint formulations to improve the stability of pigments, enhance paint flow, and reduce defects.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be present in household cleaners and disinfectants, aiding in solubilizing active ingredients and improving cleaning performance.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether's used in some personal hygiene products like soaps and hand sanitizers for its emulsifying and cleansing properties.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be used in industrial degreasing formulations due to its ability to solubilize oils and greases.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used in textile dyeing and printing processes to improve dye dispersion and color uptake.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can assist in leather processing by facilitating the absorption of dyes and finishing agents.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be employed in the production of food packaging materials, helping improve their properties such as flexibility and moisture resistance.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, research laboratories, PEG Monomethyl Ether may be used as a component of reagents for various experiments and studies.

In vaccine development, PEG derivatives are used as adjuvants and formulation aids to enhance immune responses and improve vaccine stability.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether derivatives may be used in drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry to control rheological properties and improve fluid stability.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be used in paper coating formulations to improve printability, ink absorption, and surface smoothness.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be used as additives in cement and mortar formulations to improve workability and water retention.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can be incorporated into metalworking fluids to enhance lubrication and cooling properties during machining processes.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether used as a solubilizer to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether incorporated into drug delivery systems to improve drug release profiles.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether found in skincare products like lotions and creams for its emollient properties.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used as an ingredient in shampoos, body washes, and other cleansing products due to its mild surfactant properties.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is included in cosmetics to enhance product texture and stability.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used in adhesives as a solvent or diluent.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether added to coatings to improve flow and leveling properties.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is used in various laboratory applications as a component of solutions or as a stabilizing agent.

Safety Considerations:
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is generally considered safe when used within recommended concentrations and guidelines.
However, as with any chemical substance, safety precautions should be taken.
Skin sensitization or irritation might occur in some individuals, so patch testing is advisable, especially in cosmetic and personal care applications.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, especially in its concentrated form, can cause skin irritation in some individuals.
Sensitization reactions, where the skin becomes hypersensitive upon repeated exposure, can occur in susceptible individuals.
Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether can cause irritation to the eyes upon direct contact.

In case of eye contact, thorough rinsing with water is recommended.
Inhalation of vapor, mist, or aerosolized forms of Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether should be minimized, especially in confined spaces without proper ventilation
Some individuals may be allergic to Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, which can lead to various adverse reactions upon exposure.

Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether is generally considered to have low toxicity, its presence in the environment could potentially contribute to pollution, especially if not properly managed.
Biodegradability varies among Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether derivatives, and those with higher molecular weights might be less biodegradable.

Synonyms
(C2-H4-O)mult-C-H4-O
9004-74-4
Carbowax Sentry Methoxypolyethylene Glycol
Ethylene oxide adduct of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Glycols, monomethyl ether
MPEG
Methoxy polyethylene glycol
Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol
PEG-6 METHYL ETHER
Poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether)
Poly(oxy- 1, 2- ethanediyl), a- methyl- ?- hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-methyl-.omega.-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), ?-methyl-?-hydroxy-
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-methyl-omega-hydroxy
Polyethylene glycol methyl ether
Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether [NF]
Polyethylene glycol, monomethyl ether
UNII-6AXS45P1QU
UNII-89ES36762B
UNII-ENK4Y6S66X
UNII-H0S96329MO
UNII-P3R1BUP13I
UNII-UQE3488NAI
UNII-WXH089JZ5E

Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


CAS Number: 32289-58-0; 27083-27-8
EC Number: 1308068-626-2
Chemical Name:Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride
Chemical Formula: (C8H17N5)n•(HCl)x



SYNONYMS:
biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB (Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride, Pure Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB) CAS 32289-58-0, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)hydrochloride,
Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl-iminoimidocarbonyl-iminohexamethylene) Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Polihexanide, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine hydrochloride, PHMB; Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Poly(hexamethylene) biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl)iminohexamethylene hydrochloride, N,N'''-1,6-Hexanediylbis(N'-cyanoguanidine) hexamethylenediamine polymer hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB (Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride, Pure Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB) CAS 32289-58-0, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)hydrochloride,
Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl-iminoimidocarbonyl-iminohexamethylene) Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Polihexanide, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine hydrochloride, PHMB; Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Poly(hexamethylene) biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl)iminohexamethylene hydrochloride, N,N'''-1,6-Hexanediylbis(N'-cyanoguanidine) hexamethylenediamine polymer hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride,




Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also called polihexanide.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is very effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is an antimicrobial agent that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also effective against a wide range of viruses, including influenza and hepatitis.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) has been used in wet wipes for many years and is considered to be safe and effective.


The bactericidal ability of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is better than other bactericides.
In particular, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB)'s unique long-term antibacterial effect and the ability to prevent secondary infection are not achieved by other fungicides.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


The solution of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is an important ingredient in some pharmaceutical or veterinary formulations.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also called polihexanide.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is very effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a cationic disinfectant that is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through its electrostatic interaction with negative sites on the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell membranes.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


The solution of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is an important ingredient in some pharmaceutical or veterinary formulations.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a cationic disinfectant that is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through its electrostatic interaction with negative sites on the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell membranes.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eelis, Aeromonas hydrophilus, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, anitary pads, clothes, etc.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be widely applied in the fields of daily chemical industry, water treatment, textile, papermaking, petroleum, agriculture, husbandry, health care etc.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eelis, Aeromonas hydrophilus, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, anitary pads, clothes, etc.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be widely applied in the fields of daily chemical industry, water treatment, textile, papermaking, petroleum, agriculture, husbandry, health care etc.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is often used as sanitary wet wipe bactericides, fruit, vegetable and aquatic product disinfectants, sewage treatment flocculation disinfectants etc.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
As a sanitizer, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
As a sanitizer, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used as fungicides, bactericides mainly used in swimming pools, universal cleaning agents and disinfectants.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant ,etc.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast etc.
As a preservative, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and more.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also widely used in evironmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used as a preservative in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions, hand washes, and more.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in cosmetics, the preservation of fruit and vegetables.
As a preservative, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


As a sanitizer, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used as fungicides, bactericides mainly used in swimming pools, universal cleaning agents and disinfectants.


As a medicinal product, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used for disinfection of contact lenses, eye drops, and surgical procedures.
Due to the strong tolerance of the eyes to Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB).
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be used as a drug for the treatment of Acanthopanaxa Miba keratitis and the prevention and treatment of other eye diseases.


At the same time, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also widely used in cosmetics, personal care products, textiles, food industries, etc.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.
As a preservative, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant ,etc.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely utilized as a disinfectant in personal care commodities like cosmetics and toiletries and as a sanitizer in swimming pools.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) possesses marked characteristics of cationic polyelectrolyte.
There are also unique determination methods to Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) using its ion association with organic anions and polyanion.


As a sanitizer, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


Another good application of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is that it is widely used as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer instead of chlorine- or bromine-based commodities.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also utilized as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.


As a preservative, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is utilized in chemical products like cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and so on.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is applied as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast, and so on.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also commonly applied in eviromental disinfection area, such as in hospitals, schools, hotels, and a lot of other public sites.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
As a sanitizer, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is often used as sanitary wet wipe bactericides, fruit, vegetable and aquatic product disinfectants, sewage treatment flocculation disinfectants etc.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a synthetic polymer that is used in a variety of consumer and industrial products, including wet wipes.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also used to preserve wet wipes; to control odor in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling institutions and hospitals; and to deodorize vacuums and toilets.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant,etc.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


As a medicinal product, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used for disinfection of contact lenses, eye drops, and surgical procedures.
Due to the strong tolerance of the eyes to Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB).
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be used as a drug for the treatment of Acanthopanaxa Miba keratitis and the prevention and treatment of other eye diseases.


At the same time, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also widely used in cosmetics, personal care products, textiles, food industries, etc.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.
As a preservative, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is widely utilized as a disinfectant in personal care commodities like cosmetics and toiletries and as a sanitizer in swimming pools.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) possesses marked characteristics of cationic polyelectrolyte.
There are also unique determination methods to Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) using its ion association with organic anions and polyanion.


As a sanitizer, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Another good application of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is that it is widely used as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer instead of chlorine- or bromine-based commodities.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also utilized as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.


As a preservative, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is utilized in chemical products like cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and so on.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is applied as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast, and so on.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is also commonly applied in eviromental disinfection area, such as in hospitals, schools, hotels, and a lot of other public sites.



PROPERTIES OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high efficiency disinfectant.

Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB)'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-corrosive to the skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-toxic to human cells.



FEATURES OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
*Broad spectrum kills and inhibits various types of microbial.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is odorless and can be easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless colorless transparent solution.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

*Excellent stability:
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is still kept active after being heated at 280℃ for 15 min.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-corrosive to metals.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-corrosive to copper, stainless steel, carbon steel, and other metals.



STERILIZATION MECHANISM OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
1. The guanidine group in Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) performs a high activity and the polymer itself is cationic.
Since bacteria and viruses are usually anionic, they are easy to be absorbed by Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) and could not divide and reproduce, and finally turn inactive.

2. Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) collapses the cell membrane structure and forms transmembrane stomata.
Ultimately, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) causes cell membrane rupture, disrupts the energy metabolism of the organism, and disables bacteria and viruses.

3. Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) forms a film that closes off the breathing passages of microorganisms, causing them to suffocate and die.
The sterilization mechanism is independent of the form and type of microorganisms.
Even if the microorganisms mutate, the mutation will not affect their efficacy.
Microorganisms do not produce resistance to Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB).



STORAGE OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) should be sealed and shaded to be stored in a dry, cool, well ventilated place.



PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is recognized as the safest and the most efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in the 21st century.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is colorless and tasteless, low bacterial inhibition concentration, broad spectrum, low toxicity.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can form a layer of cations on the surface of article, which can inhibit bacteria for a long time.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) also has no bacteria drug resistance.



PROPERTIES OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high efficiency disinfectant.

Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB)'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-corrosive to the skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-toxic to human cells.



FEATURES OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
*Broad spectrum kills and inhibits various types of microbial.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is odorless and can be easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless colorless transparent solution.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

*Excellent stability:
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is still kept active after being heated at 280℃ for 15 min.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-corrosive to metals.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-corrosive to copper, stainless steel, carbon steel, and other metals.



PROPERTIES OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency disinfectant.

Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB)'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) disinfectant is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-corrosive to skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-toxic to human cells.

Skin irritancy test shows that Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-irritant to animal and human skin.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquiculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.



PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is recognized as the safest and the most efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in the 21st century.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is colorless and tasteless, low bacterial inhibition concentration, broad spectrum, low toxicity.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can form a layer of cations on the surface of article, which can inhibit bacteria for a long time.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) also has no bacteria drug resistance.



PROPERTIES OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency disinfectant.

Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB)'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) disinfectant is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-corrosive to skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-toxic to human cells.

Skin irritancy test shows that Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is non-irritant to animal and human skin.
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquiculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.



SYNTHESIS OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB) ANTIMICROBIAL:
*Adopt the melt polycondensation method.
Put the appropriate amount of guanidine hydrochloride and 1, 6-hexane-diamine in the polymerization kettle, stir, and raise the temperature.
After the reactants are completely melted, continue to raise the temperature, constant temperature reaction for about 2h.

And then raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature for the reaction.
After the reaction is finished, stop stirring, and pass nitrogen gas into the kettle.
Open the discharge port at the same time.

Let the product flow into the pre-prepared container.
Let Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) cool down and solidify, then crush it for use.
By following the above procedure, theoretically, a bulk polymer can be produced.

But in practice, due to the difference in the reactivity of the functional groups, will produce an insoluble cross-linked structure, cross-linked polymers are insoluble, and not conducive to melt processing, but as long as the appropriate reaction conditions can be controlled to obtain linear high molecular weight products.



STERILIZATION MECHANISM OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
1. The guanidine group in Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) performs a high activity and the polymer itself is cationic.
Since bacteria and viruses are usually anionic, they are easy to be absorbed by Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) and could not divide and reproduce, and finally turn inactive.

2. Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) collapses the cell membrane structure and forms transmembrane stomata.
Ultimately, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) causes cell membrane rupture, disrupts the energy metabolism of the organism, and disables bacteria and viruses.

3. Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) forms a film that closes off the breathing passages of microorganisms, causing them to suffocate and die.
The sterilization mechanism is independent of the form and type of microorganisms.
Even if the microorganisms mutate, the mutation will not affect their efficacy.
Microorganisms do not produce resistance to Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB).



STORAGE OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) should be sealed and shaded to be stored in a dry, cool, well ventilated place.



SYNTHESIS OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB) ANTIMICROBIAL:
*Adopt the melt polycondensation method.
Put the appropriate amount of guanidine hydrochloride and 1, 6-hexane-diamine in the polymerization kettle, stir, and raise the temperature.
After the reactants are completely melted, continue to raise the temperature, constant temperature reaction for about 2h.

And then raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature for the reaction.
After the reaction is finished, stop stirring, and pass nitrogen gas into the kettle.
Open the discharge port at the same time.

Let the product flow into the pre-prepared container.
Let Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) cool down and solidify, then crush it for use.
By following the above procedure, theoretically, a bulk polymer can be produced.

But in practice, due to the difference in the reactivity of the functional groups, will produce an insoluble cross-linked structure, cross-linked polymers are insoluble, and not conducive to melt processing, but as long as the appropriate reaction conditions can be controlled to obtain linear high molecular weight products.



SPECIAL APPLICATIONS OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
1. Paper making industry:
In the process of papermaking and cardboard production, because Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is cationic polymer electrolyte, it can be used as an auxiliary agent to accelerate pulp dehydration and mineral filler precipitation, so as to strengthen and improve papermaking process.

In addition, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can also stabilize the dispersion of paraffin and increase the size stability of paper.
The hydrophobicity of paper and hardboard paper increases by 40-50%.

The activity also reduces some problems related to the accumulation of pulp in papermaking machinery, and Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can produce antibacterial paper for manufacturing health products (to replace the silver containing kursin paper).
At the same time, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) also improves the physical properties of the paper: water absorption, strength after water, air permeability.


2. Agricultural application:
As Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) has the function of disease resistance and protection to plants, can effectively kill harmful bacteria, and is harmless to ecology, it is an environmental protection product, which makes the product completely applicable to all growth stages of various agricultural products: Treat seeds, bulbs or tubular seeds with 0.1-1% aqueous solution of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB).

When the symptoms of vegetable diseases appear, spray with 0.01-0.1% Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) aqueous solution of the product (if necessary, add appropriate polyelectrolyte, such as polyacrylic acid).

In order to reduce the loss of storage in winter, 0.2% Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) aqueous solution of this product can be used to wash or spray vegetables and fruits.
In addition, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can overcome the damage of excessive herbicides to plants and prevent infection in the soil.

As a pesticide, the efficacy of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is ten times higher than that of Benazolin, chlorothalonil and sodium disulfonate.
Therefore, to achieve the same effect, the use amount of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) 20% liquid is 10-30 times less.
Moreover, Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is safe, non-toxic and non irritating, especially harmless to people and animals.


3. Oil exploitation:
In oil exploitation, a large number of bacteria, such as sulfate reducing bacteria, not only engulf the oil, but also degrade the polymer used (ordinary polymer with low molecular weight), reducing the efficiency of polymer flooding and increasing the cost.



BACTERICIDAL MECHANISM OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
Bacteria quickly suffocate to death after using Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB).
At the same time, because this product is a polymer structure, which can improve the effective activity of guanidine group, the bactericidal effect of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is much higher than other guanidine compounds (such as chlorhexidine).
Due to the special bactericidal mechanism of this product, all kinds of bacteria will not be resistant to Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB), which has been confirmed by the experiments of foreign authoritative testing institutions.



FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
1. Long-acting nature:
After the solution of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is dried, a polymer thin layer of disinfectant is formed on the surface of the object, which can keep the state of the object after sterilization and prevent the secondary pollution of the object.
Generally, the surfaces treated with aqueous solution of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) will remain sterile for up to three months.


2. Innocuity
As Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a high polymer, it is not easy to be absorbed by animal tissues, greatly reducing the toxicity, so that it has no effect on cells of higher organisms.
In addition, the experiment proves that Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) can be naturally degraded and will not cause pollution to the environment.
The conclusion is that "2% of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) belongs to the actual non-toxic grade".


3. No irritation to skin:
The experimental study of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) on skin was carried out with rabbits.
Conclusion: 2% of Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) has no skin irritation when the skin irritation response integral value is 0. (judgment standard: the lower the integral value, the lower the stimulation.)



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Molecular Formula: (C8H18N5Cl)n n=12-16
Appearance: White powder, colorless translucent crystals, colorless liquid
Purity: 95%, 98%, ≥98%, 20%, 25%, 50%
Density (20℃): 1.039~1.046g/cm3
pH value (20℃): 4.0~6.0
Absorbance (237nm): ≥400
Absorbance (237nm/222nm): 1.2~1.6
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
CAS 32289-58-0
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80 max.
Total metal (ppm): 100 max.
Odor: No odor

Boiling point (°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3): 1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): Very good
HS Code: 29121900
Color of Liquid: Clear to Slight Haze
Water Solubility: Miscible
Application: Biocides, Water Treatment, Disinfectant
Appearance: Colorless or light-yellow solid
Active ingredient: ≥99%
Water soluble: 100% soluble
Odor: Light ammonia smell
Moisture content: ≤0.5%
Water insoluble matter: ≤0.1%
PH in 1% aqueous solution: >4
Ash: 0.05%
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)

CAS: 32289-58-0 Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Appearance: slightly yellow to colorless & clear
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80max.
Total metal (ppm): 100max
Ordor: no ordor. PH (20% water): 3.0-5.5
Boling point(°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3):1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): very good
Appearance: Colorless or pale-yellow transparent liquid
Boiling point(℃): 102
Content (%): 19.0-21.0
Relative density(g/ml,25℃): 1.04
pH: 4.0-6.0
Name: Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride; PHMB
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Formula: (C8H17N5)n•xHCl
Molecular Weight: ≥1,600～2,600

CAS: 32289-58-0 Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Appearance: slightly yellow to colorless & clear
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80max.
Total metal (ppm): 100max
Ordor: no ordor. PH (20% water): 3.0-5.5
Boling point(°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3):1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): very good
Appearance: Colorless or pale-yellow transparent liquid
Boiling point(℃): 102
Content (%): 19.0-21.0
Relative density(g/ml,25℃): 1.04
pH: 4.0-6.0
Name: Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride; PHMB
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Formula: (C8H17N5)n•xHCl
Molecular Weight: ≥1,600～2,600

CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Molecular Formula: (C8H18N5Cl)n n=12-16
Appearance: White powder, colorless translucent crystals, colorless liquid
Purity: 95%, 98%, ≥98%, 20%, 25%, 50%
Density (20℃): 1.039~1.046g/cm3
pH value (20℃): 4.0~6.0
Absorbance (237nm): ≥400
Absorbance (237nm/222nm): 1.2~1.6
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
CAS 32289-58-0
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80 max.
Total metal (ppm): 100 max.
Odor: No odor

Boiling point (°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3): 1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): Very good
HS Code: 29121900
Color of Liquid: Clear to Slight Haze
Water Solubility: Miscible
Application: Biocides, Water Treatment, Disinfectant
Appearance: Colorless or light-yellow solid
Active ingredient: ≥99%
Water soluble: 100% soluble
Odor: Light ammonia smell
Moisture content: ≤0.5%
Water insoluble matter: ≤0.1%
PH in 1% aqueous solution: >4
Ash: 0.05%
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
-Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media.
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE) HYDROCHLORIDE (PHMB):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is non-oxidising, cationic in solution in water and can be an alternative to other cationic biocidal treatments based on quaternary ammonium or chlorine.



CAS Number: 28757-47-3
EC Number: 923-111-4
MDL Number: MFCD00217750
Molecular Formula: C8H19N5



SYNONYMS:
Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl-iminoimidocarbonyl-iminohexamethylene) Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Polihexanide, polyhexamethylene biguanide, Baquacil, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 111801, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, SRU, Sanitized T 96-04, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl), Poly(iminoimidocarbonyliminoimidocarbonyliminohexamethylene), polyhexamethylene biguanide, Baquacil, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 111801, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, SRU, Sanitized T 96-04, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl), Poly(iminoimidocarbonyliminoimidocarbonyliminohexamethylene), Baquacil, cosmocil, Lavasept, PHMB polymer, polihexanide, polihexanide hydrochloride, poly(hexamethylene biguanide), poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride, polyhexamethylen-biguanide, polyhexamethylenbiguanid, polyhexamethylenbiguanide, polyhexamethylene biguanide, polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, polyhexanide, Vantocil, Vantocil IB, Vantocil, Polyhexidine, Polyxedinine, Polyhexanide, Sanitized T 96-04, Hexyl biguanide HCl, OLIGOHEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, sru, Epa pesticide chemical code 111801, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine, POLY(IMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOHEXAMETHYLENE), Polihexanide, PHMB, Polyhexanide, 322U039GMF, Polihexanidum, Cosmoquil CQ, Prontoderm, Prontosan, Reputex 20, Trigene, Vantocil 1B, Vantocil TG, Vantosan, Caswell No. 676, Disinfecting Wet Wipe, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 111801, PHMB Disinfectant, PP 073, Polihexanido, Proxel IBCN Reputex 20CN Trigene, DTXSID2035726, Disposable Spray Disinfectant, HBA Anti bacterial Liquid, HBA Sanitary Wipes, HSDB 8471, MICROCARE MBG, PHMB polymer, POLIHEXANIDE (MART.), PURISTA, Polihexanido (INN-Spanish), Polihexanidum (INN-Latin), UNII-4XI6112496, poly(hexamethylene biguanide), polyhexamethylen-biguanide, polyhexamethylenbiguanid, polyhexamethylenbiguanide, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl), Poly(iminoimidocarbonyliminoimidocarbonyliminohexamethylene), Polyhexamethylene biguanide SRU, Sanitized T 96-04, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Hexamethylenebis(cyanoguanidine)-hexamethylenediamine copolymer SRU, Eyeness, Complete Protec, NB 325, Texguard 20, Cosmocil 100, Polyhexamethylene biguanidine, Complete Protec, Epa pesticide chemical code 111801, Eyeness, Hexamethylenebis(cyanoguanidine)-hexamethylenediamine copolymer SRU, NB 325, OLIGOHEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl), POLY(IMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOIMIDOCARBONYLIMINOHEXAMETHYLENE), Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene biguanide sru, Polyhexanide, Polyhexidine, Polyxedinine, Sanitized T 96-04, Texguard 20, Polyhexamethylene biguanide, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine, Baquacil, Cosmocil, Lavasept, Phmb Polymer, Polihexanide, Polihexanide Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylene Biguanide), Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hydrochloride, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) Hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylen-biguanide, Polyhexamethylenbiguanid, Polyhexamethylenbiguanide, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride, Vantocil, Vantocil Ib Of Vantocil



Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a chemical product created at the end of the 1950s and used since the 1970s in the formulation of certain biocides.
It is found in particular to kill microbes such as bacteria and viruses or fungi in water in the form of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) salt, a pesticide that can be used as a swimming pool disinfectant.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a stable and therefore persistent product that remains effective in the presence of UV light and at different pH values.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is non-oxidising, cationic in solution in water and can be an alternative to other cationic biocidal treatments based on quaternary ammonium or chlorine.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is very effective compared to Benzalkonium Chloride.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)-based MPS.
Most MPS contain Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), which was originally developed as a presurgery antimicrobial scrub and then marketed for the sanitization of swimming pools and spas.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is part of the same pharmaceutical family as chlorhexidine, and is active against a wide range of bacteria.
The action of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is thought to be due to its rapid attraction towards the negatively charged phospholipids at the bacterial cell surface, followed by impairment of membrane activity with the loss of potassium ions and the precipitation of intracellular constituents.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has a larger molecular weight than chlorhexidine, which means that it is not able to enter the matrix of soft lens materials.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is available also as 20% aqueous solution.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used Paints, Adhesives, Leather processing solutions, Drilling fluids and oilfield injection waters, Latex polymers, Slurries and dispersions, Antimicrobial fabric conditioners and dishwashing liquids, and Surface disinfection.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used - hospitals - algaecide for concrete surfaces - All-purpose ,surfaces disinfectant, hand bactericide, hand sanitizers.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used including oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used personal care applications.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used - cited in the European cosmetic directory.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used water treatment - in swimming pools as an alternative to chlorine
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also found in some medicines in the form of polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride.
Acne, disinfection of surgical wounds and/or in veterinary treatments can be treated with Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) salts.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also used for cleaning and disinfecting objects, surfaces or premises, including in hospitals.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a formulation based on PHMB used as sanitizer, bactericide ( antibacterial ), antiseptic and disinfectant, widely effective against positive and negative gram bacteria with applications in surface cleaners, hand cleaners / sanitizing , close to neutral powder detergent, latex polymers, antimicrobial and dishwashing liquids and other personal care applications with microbial activity.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used as a biocide, antibacterial, Disinfectant, and Virucidal.
At a dosage of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) of 1% to 2%, this can be an effective replacement for alcohol in your products as water-based disinfectant.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has been used in trials studying the treatment, prevention, and supportive care of Caries, Neoplasm, Skin Diseases, Nail Diseases, and Dental Plaque, among others.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


Some products containing Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, scopy, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) also has an application as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer in place of chlorine- or bromine-based products.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used in the majority of formulations.
Products containing Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.


Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is used in the majority of formulations.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.



KEY FEATURES OF POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
◼ Broad spectrum activity offers effective control against bacteria, yeasts and moulds
◼ Water soluble, zero VOC
◼ Retains activity in hard and soft water and in the presence of organic material
◼ Cost effective
◼ Non-foaming
◼ Low toxicity with biodegradable profile
◼ Effective pH range 2-10



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
CAS Number: 28757-47-3
Chemical formula: (C8H17N5)n
Molecular Formula: C8H19N5
Molecular Weight: 185.27 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine
Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C8H19N5/c1-2-3-4-5-6-12-8(11)13-7(9)10/h2-6H2,1H3,(H6,9,10,11,12,13)
Standard InChIKey: VAZJLPXFVQHDFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: CCCCCCN/C(=N\C(=N)N)/N
SMILES: CCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)N
Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCN=C(N)N=C(N)N
CBNumber: CB91074557
Molecular Formula of Hydrochloride Salt: C8H19N5.ClH
Molecular Weight of Hydrochloride Salt: 221.734
MDL Number: MFCD00242965

Chemical Name: Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)
CAS Registry Number: 28757-47-3
PubChemID: 20977
PSA: 97.78000
LogP: 2.25570
EINECS: 923-111-4
Molecular Weight: 185.27
Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 347.7±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 59.2±3.0 kJ/mol
Flash Point: 164.1±23.2 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.550

Molar Refractivity: 51.1±0.5 cm3
#H bond acceptors: 5
#H bond donors: 6
#Freely Rotating Bonds: 6
#Rule of 5 Violations: 1
ACD/LogP: 1.36
ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -1.17
ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00
ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1.00
ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -1.17
ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00
ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1.00
Polar Surface Area: 103 Å2
Polarizability: 20.2±0.5 10-24cm3

Surface Tension: 45.7±7.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume: 160.2±7.0 cm3
XLogP3-AA: 0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 185.16404563
Monoisotopic Mass: 185.16404563
Topological Polar Surface Area: 103 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 181
Form: Liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow

Odor: Odorless
pH Value (1% Solution): 4.0 – 6.0
Melting Point, °C: Not determined
Boiling Point, °C: 102 – 105°C
Flash Point: Not applicable
Ignition Temperature, °C: Product is not self-igniting
Flammability, °C:
Lower Explosion Limit: Product is not explosive
Upper Explosion Limit: Product is not explosive
Vapor Pressure @ 20°C: 23 hPa
Density @ 20°C: 1.030 – 1.060
Solubility/Miscibility In Water: Fully miscible
Partition Coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not available
Solids Content, %: 19 – 21



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
-Eyes:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
-Skin:
Removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
-Inhalation:
Move to fresh air.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
-Spills/Leaks:
Sweep up, then place into a suitable container for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
-General Information:
*Extinguishing Media:
In case of fire, use water, dry chemical, chemical foam, or alcohol-resistant foam.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
-Personal Protective Equipment:
*Eyes:
Wear safety glasses.
*Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves.
*Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to minimize contact with skin.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
-Handling:
Wash after handling.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLY(HEXAMETHYLENEBIGUANIDE):
-Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
-Hazardous Polymerization:
Has not been reported.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under the names Lavasept, Serasept, Prontosan, and Omnicide.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

CAS: 32289-58-0
MF: C10H23N5
MW: 213.32312
EINECS: 1308068-626-2

Synonyms
PHMB(20%);Polyhexamethyl;PHMB;Biguanide PHMB;Polyhexamethylene biguanidine hydrochloride,~20% in water;PHMB 98%, 20% solution (Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride);20% solution;98% powder;32289-58-0;N'-[6-[(N'-methylcarbamimidoyl)amino]hexyl]ethanimidamide;SCHEMBL24018755;Polyhexamethylene Biguanidine HCl;SAGIGHPRUJPLKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N;BCP13780;AKOS015919499;N-(6-(3-Methylguanidino)hexyl)acetimidamide;N-[6-(N'-METHYLCARBAMIMIDAMIDO)HEXYL]ETHANIMIDAMIDE;1824322-57-7

Products containing Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is sold as a swimming pool and spa disinfectant in place of chlorine or bromine based products under the name Baquacil.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.

The Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride salt (solution) is used in the majority of formulations.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions, such as Renu (Bauch & Lomb, Rochester, NY).
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a cationic disinfectant that is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through its electrostatic interaction with negative sites on the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell membranes.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), also known as PHMB, polyhexanide or polihexanide, is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within PHMB renders it of potential interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is available also as a solid.
The bactericidal ability of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) 20% solution is better than other bactericides.
In particular, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)'s unique long-term antibacterial effect and the ability to prevent secondary infection are not achieved by other fungicides.

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Chemical Properties
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility: Water
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H23N5/c1-9(11)14-7-5-3-4-6-8-15-10(12)13-2/h3-8H2,1-2H3,(H2,11,14)(H3,12,13,15)
InChIKey: SAGIGHPRUJPLKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 32289-58-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)(32289-58-0)

Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is also used as a surface disinfectant and is alleged to be suitable for skin disinfection.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has a slow effectand does not meet the practical requirementsfor prophylactic antiseptics in this respect.
Although Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is somewhat less effective than benzalkonium chloride, it is sometimes used instead of benzalkonium because it is less foamproducing under use conditions.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a water solution that can be used as a broad spectrum and high efficient disinfectant.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of its special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

Application
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.

Special Applications of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide):

1. Paper making industry
In the process of papermaking and cardboard production, because Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) 20% is cationic polymer electrolyte, it can be used as an auxiliary agent to accelerate pulp dehydration and mineral filler precipitation, so as to strengthen and improve papermaking process.
In addition, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) can also stabilize the dispersion of paraffin and increase the size stability of paper.
The hydrophobicity of paper and hardboard paper increases by 40-50%.

The activity also reduces some problems related to the accumulation of pulp in papermaking machinery, and can produce antibacterial paper for manufacturing health products (to replace the silver containing kursin paper).
At the same time, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) 20% also improves the physical properties of the paper: water absorption, strength after water, air permeability.

2. Agricultural application
As Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) 20% has the function of disease resistance and protection to plants, can effectively kill harmful bacteria, and is harmless to ecology, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is an environmental protection product, which makes the product completely applicable to all growth stages of various agricultural products: Treat seeds, bulbs or tubular seeds with 0.1-1% aqueous solution of PHMB.
When the symptoms of vegetable diseases appear, spray with 0.01-0.1% Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) aqueous solution of the product (if necessary, add appropriate polyelectrolyte, such as polyacrylic acid).

If the source of infection is in the soil, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) can be irrigated with 0.01% water solution in the amount of 50-100g per hectare (0.01g per square meter), or sealed with the product water solution (1-10kg per hectare).

In order to reduce the loss of storage in winter, 0.2% Poly Hexamethylenebiguanide Hcl (PHMB) aqueous solution of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) can be used to wash or spray vegetables and fruits.
In addition, the product can overcome the damage of excessive herbicides to plants and prevent infection in the soil.

As a pesticide, the efficacy of this product is ten times higher than that of Benazolin, chlorothalonil and sodium disulfonate.
Therefore, to achieve the same effect, the use amount of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) 20% liquid is 10-30 times less.
Moreover, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is safe, non-toxic and non irritating, especially harmless to people and animals.

3. Oil exploitation

In oil exploitation, a large number of bacteria, such as sulfate reducing bacteria, not only engulf the oil, but also degrade the polymer used (ordinary polymer with low molecular weight), reducing the efficiency of polymer flooding and increasing the cost.

Preparation
The preparation method of Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide):By a certain proportion of 1; the own bisguanides of 6-and catalyst join in reaction vessel; under nitrogen protection, said mixture is heated to 80-200 DEGC and reacts, react 2-24 hour; reaction terminates; cooling blowing, obtains poly hexamethylene biguanide, poly hexamethylene biguanide aqueous acid is neutralized to pH value 5-9; and performing filtering so as to obtain a polyhexamethylene biguanidine salt.

Biological Activity
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) is a cationic polymer with antimicrobial and antiviral properties.
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) has been commonly accepted that the antimicrobial activity is due to the ability of PHMB to perforate the bacterial phospholipid membrane leading ultimately to its death.

POLYACRYLAMIDE, N° CAS : 9003-05-8, Nom INCI : POLYACRYLAMIDE. Nom chimique : 2-Propenamide, homopolymer. Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques. Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a transparent thermoplastic polymer derived from the monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA).
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is commonly known by trade names such as Plexiglas, Acrylite, and Lucite.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is a lightweight, rigid, and highly transparent material that exhibits excellent optical clarity, UV resistance, and weatherability.

CAS Number: 9011-14-7
EC Number: 618-466-4

Synonyms: Acrylic glass, Lucite, Perspex, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Oroglas, Altuglas, Acrylplast, Methyl methacrylate resin, Polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA resin, Acryl, Acrylate, Plexiglass, Organic glass, Synthetic glass, Acrylic resin, MMA polymer, Methyl ester polymer, Resin PMMA, Methacrylic acid methyl ester polymer, Polymethyl 2-methylpropenoate, Poly(methyl methacrylate), Acrylic acid methyl ester polymer, Methyl 2-methylpropenoate polymer, Acrylic ester polymer, Acrylic ester resin, Acrylic glass resin, PMMA polymer, Methacrylic acid methyl ester homopolymer, Methacrylic resin, PMMA, Acrylic acid methyl ester copolymer, Acrylic acid methyl ester homopolymer, Acrylic acid methyl ester resin, Acrylic acid methyl ester polymer, Methacrylic acid methyl ester copolymer, Methacrylic acid methyl ester polymer, Methyl methacrylate homopolymer, Methyl methacrylate resin, Methyl methacrylate polymer, Methyl methacrylate copolymer, Methyl methacrylate acrylic, Methyl methacrylate polymethyl methacrylate, MMA-PMMA, MMA-PMMA copolymer, MMA-PMMA resin, MMA-PMMA polymer, MMA-PMMA copolymer resin, MMA-PMMA copolymer polymer, MMA-PMMA homopolymer, MMA-PMMA homopolymer resin, MMA-PMMA homopolymer polymer, Methyl 2-methylpropenoate polymethyl 2-methylpropenoate, Methacrylate polymer, Methacrylate resin, Methacrylate copolymer, Methacrylate homopolymer.



APPLICATIONS


Poly(methyl methacrylate) is commonly used in the production of transparent windows and skylights for buildings and vehicles.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in signage and displays due to its optical clarity and ability to be easily shaped and colored.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in lighting fixtures and lenses, including LED light diffusers and fluorescent light covers.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the automotive industry for applications such as headlight lenses, taillight covers, and interior trim.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in aquariums and fish tanks due to its transparency and resistance to water.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of medical devices such as prosthetics, orthodontic appliances, and surgical instruments.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the manufacture of optical lenses for eyeglasses, cameras, and projectors.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of consumer goods such as acrylic nails, jewelry, and household items.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the aerospace industry for aircraft windows and cockpit canopies.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of protective barriers and safety shields in industrial settings.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the construction industry for applications such as noise barriers and soundproofing panels.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of protective coatings and finishes for wood, metal, and other surfaces.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the fabrication of decorative items such as trophies, awards, and display cases.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of furniture, including tables, chairs, and display stands.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of electronic enclosures and components due to its electrical insulation properties.
It is used in the production of sports equipment such as hockey visors, diving masks, and ski goggles.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of decorative films and laminates for interior design applications.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of aircraft canopies, windscreens, and helicopter rotor blades.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of light guide panels for backlighting in LCD displays and signage.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of cosmetic implants such as breast implants and facial implants.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of laboratory equipment such as cuvettes, beakers, and test tubes.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of solar panels and photovoltaic cells for renewable energy applications.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of protective coatings for automotive paint protection films.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of acrylic sheets for architectural glazing and roofing applications.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is a versatile material with a wide range of applications across industries, valued for its transparency, durability, and ease of processing.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of decorative lighting fixtures, including chandeliers and pendant lights.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of greenhouse panels and garden enclosures due to its durability and light transmission properties.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of protective barriers for sporting events and concerts.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of riot shields and crowd control barriers for law enforcement applications.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of architectural models and prototypes for design and planning purposes.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of transparent ducting and piping systems for industrial applications.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of transparent roofing and skylights for agricultural structures.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of display cases and museum exhibits for showcasing artifacts and artworks.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of airplane canopies and helicopter windshields for aerospace applications.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of protective face shields and visors for healthcare workers and first responders.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of noise barriers and soundproofing panels for highways and railways.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of protective screens and partitions for public transportation vehicles.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of transparent barriers for ATM machines and bank teller windows.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of transparent barriers for ticket booths and security checkpoints.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of protective covers for outdoor electronic displays and kiosks.
It is employed in the production of transparent barriers for food service counters and buffets.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of transparent barriers for customer service desks and reception areas.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of transparent barriers for retail checkout counters and cash registers.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of transparent barriers for airport security checkpoints and baggage screening areas.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of transparent barriers for hotel check-in desks and concierge stations.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of transparent barriers for school reception desks and administrative offices.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of transparent barriers for medical reception areas and hospital triage stations.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of transparent barriers for library circulation desks and study areas.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is employed in the production of transparent barriers for museum ticket counters and gift shops.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is a versatile material with a wide range of applications in various industries, contributing to safety, aesthetics, and functionality in numerous settings.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) can be easily bonded using adhesives or solvent welding techniques.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) has excellent dimensional stability over a wide temperature range.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is highly transparent to visible light and has a refractive index close to that of glass.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is commonly used as a substitute for glass in applications where weight and safety are concerns.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is commonly used in signage, displays, and architectural glazing.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in automotive applications such as headlight lenses and interior trim.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is widely used in the medical industry for applications such as prosthetics and medical devices.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in the production of optical lenses, including eyeglasses and camera lenses.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) can be easily thermoformed into complex shapes using heat and pressure.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) has good impact resistance, although it can be prone to scratching.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is recyclable and can be processed into new products or used as a raw material for other plastics.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) has a wide range of operating temperatures, from sub-zero temperatures to over 100°C.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is a versatile material with numerous applications across industries, valued for its optical clarity, durability, and ease of processing.



DESCRIPTION


Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a transparent thermoplastic polymer derived from the monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA).
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is commonly known by trade names such as Plexiglas, Acrylite, and Lucite.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is a lightweight, rigid, and highly transparent material that exhibits excellent optical clarity, UV resistance, and weatherability.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is widely used in various applications across different industries due to its desirable properties.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is commonly used as a substitute for glass in applications where transparency and impact resistance are required, such as in windows, skylights, aquariums, and optical lenses.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is also used in the production of automotive components, signage, lighting fixtures, and consumer electronics.

In the medical field, Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used in dentistry for the fabrication of dental prostheses, crowns, and orthodontic appliances.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is also used in ophthalmology for intraocular lenses and contact lenses due to its biocompatibility and optical properties.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) can be processed using various techniques such as injection molding, extrusion, and machining, making it suitable for a wide range of manufacturing processes.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) can be easily colored, machined, and bonded using adhesives or solvent welding.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is a versatile material with a wide range of applications, from everyday consumer products to specialized industrial and medical devices.
Its combination of optical clarity, impact resistance, and ease of processing makes it a popular choice in many industries.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a transparent thermoplastic polymer.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is commonly known for its glass-like appearance and clarity.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is lightweight yet durable, making it suitable for various applications.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) has a high tensile strength, allowing it to withstand mechanical stress.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) exhibits excellent optical properties, including high light transmission and low distortion.
It is resistant to UV radiation and weathering, making it suitable for outdoor use.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) can be easily machined, drilled, and polished to achieve desired shapes and finishes.
The material is available in a wide range of colors and thicknesses.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is non-toxic and food-safe, making it suitable for use in food packaging and kitchenware.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) has good electrical insulation properties, making it suitable for electrical enclosures and components.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) is resistant to many chemicals, including acids, alkalis, and organic solvents.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) has low moisture absorption, which helps maintain its dimensional stability.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Transparent or translucent solid, often with a glass-like appearance.
Color: Colorless or slightly tinted, but can be produced in various colors.
Density: Typically ranges from 1.15 to 1.20 g/cm³.
Melting Point: Approximately 160-165°C (320-329°F).
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling.
Glass Transition Temperature (Tg): Approximately 105-120°C (221-248°F).
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in many organic solvents such as acetone, ethyl acetate, and toluene.
Flexural Strength: Typically ranges from 70 to 120 MPa.
Tensile Strength: Typically ranges from 40 to 80 MPa.
Elongation at Break: Generally ranges from 1% to 5%.
Hardness: Typically measured on the Rockwell or Shore scales, depending on the formulation and processing conditions.
Transparency: High light transmission, similar to glass, with a refractive index of approximately 1.49.
Electrical Insulation: Exhibits good electrical insulation properties.
Thermal Conductivity: Relatively low thermal conductivity.
Flammability: PMMA is flammable and can burn when exposed to a flame, but it is self-extinguishing.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: (C5O2H8)n, where n is the number of repeating units in the polymer chain.
Monomer: Derived from methyl methacrylate (MMA), which polymerizes to form PMMA.
Polymerization: PMMA is typically produced via free radical polymerization of MMA monomer.
Structure: PMMA has a linear, amorphous structure, with pendant methyl groups (-CH3) along the polymer chain.
Hydrophobicity: PMMA is hydrophobic, meaning it repels water and other polar solvents.
Chemical Stability: Generally chemically stable, but can degrade upon exposure to UV radiation, high temperatures, or certain chemicals.
Resistance to Acids and Bases: PMMA is generally resistant to weak acids and bases, but can be attacked by strong acids and bases.
Reactivity: PMMA can undergo chemical reactions such as esterification, hydrolysis, and transesterification under appropriate conditions.
Crosslinking: PMMA can be crosslinked via various methods to improve its mechanical properties and chemical resistance.
Compatibility: PMMA is compatible with many other polymers, allowing it to be blended or coextruded with other materials to achieve specific properties.
Biocompatibility: PMMA is biocompatible and has been used in various medical applications, including orthopedic implants and intraocular lenses.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If PMMA dust or vapors are inhaled, immediately remove the affected person to fresh air.
Assist the individual in finding a comfortable position and encourage deep breathing.
If breathing difficulties persist or if the person is unconscious, seek medical attention immediately.
Provide oxygen support if available and trained to do so.
Keep the affected person warm and comfortable.


Skin Contact:

If PMMA comes into contact with the skin, immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use mild soap and lukewarm water to wash the skin thoroughly and remove any remaining residue.
Seek medical attention if irritation, redness, or chemical burns develop.
Avoid using creams, ointments, or lotions unless advised by medical personnel.


Eye Contact:

In case of contact with PMMA, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses if present and continue rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if symptoms seem minor.
Provide relevant information about the exposure to medical personnel.


Ingestion:

If PMMA is ingested accidentally and the person is conscious, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water to remove any remaining substance.
Do not give anything to drink if the person is unconscious or experiencing convulsions.
Seek medical attention immediately and provide information about the quantity ingested and the time of exposure.


General First Aid:

Provide reassurance and keep the affected person calm.
Monitor vital signs such as pulse, breathing, and consciousness level.
Keep the affected person warm and comfortable while waiting for medical assistance.
If medical attention is required, provide relevant safety data sheets (SDS) or product information to healthcare professionals.
Do not administer any medication unless instructed by medical personnel.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including safety glasses, chemical-resistant gloves, and protective clothing, when handling PMMA to prevent skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection, such as a NIOSH-approved respirator, if handling PMMA in areas with poor ventilation or during activities that may generate dust or vapors.

Ventilation:
Handle PMMA in well-ventilated areas or under local exhaust ventilation to minimize inhalation exposure.
Use dust extraction equipment or local exhaust systems to capture airborne dust particles generated during processing.

Handling Precautions:
Avoid direct skin contact with PMMA by wearing appropriate PPE and practicing good chemical hygiene.
Minimize the generation of dust or aerosols by using wet methods or dust suppression techniques during cutting, drilling, or machining of PMMA.
Prevent spills and leaks by handling PMMA with care and using suitable containment measures, such as spill trays or barriers.

Tool Selection:
Use sharp cutting tools and appropriate machining techniques to minimize heat generation and prevent surface melting or chipping of PMMA.
Avoid using tools or equipment that may generate sparks or excessive heat, as PMMA is flammable and can ignite under certain conditions.

Storage Compatibility:
Store PMMA in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and incompatible chemicals.
Store PMMA sheets or components horizontally on flat surfaces to prevent warping or distortion.
Keep PMMA away from sources of ignition, such as open flames, hot surfaces, and electrical equipment.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store PMMA in tightly sealed containers or packaging to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.
Maintain storage temperatures between 10°C and 30°C (50°F and 86°F) to prevent thermal degradation or softening of PMMA.
Store PMMA away from strong oxidizing agents, acids, bases, and other reactive chemicals to prevent chemical reactions or degradation.

Inventory Management:
Keep accurate records of PMMA inventory, including quantities, grades, and expiration dates, to facilitate proper storage and handling.
Rotate stock as needed to ensure that older batches are used before newer ones to minimize the risk of expiration or degradation.

Security Measures:
Limit access to PMMA storage areas to authorized personnel trained in proper handling procedures.
Implement security measures, such as locks or access controls, to prevent unauthorized access or tampering with PMMA containers or inventory.

Emergency Preparedness:
Keep spill containment materials, absorbents, and personal protective equipment readily available near PMMA storage areas.
Develop and regularly review emergency response procedures for spills, leaks, or other incidents involving PMMA.

Regulatory Compliance:
Comply with all applicable regulations and guidelines governing the storage and handling of PMMA, including OSHA regulations, local fire codes, and environmental regulations.
Maintain appropriate documentation, including safety data sheets (SDS) and chemical inventories, to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements.

Polyacrylamide (abbreviated as PAM or pAAM) is a polymer with the formula (-CH2CHCONH2-).
Polyacrylamide has a linear-chain structure.
Polyacrylamide is a hard, brittle material.


CAS Number: 9003-05-8
EC Number: 201-173-7
MDL Number:MFCD00084392
Molecular Formula: CONH2[CH2-CH]n
Chemical formula: (C3H5NO)n



SYNONYMS:
poly(2-propenamide), poly(2-propenamide), poly(1-carbamoylethylene), PAM, PAAm, OF, CPAM, APAM, p250, PNIPAM-COOH, POLYACRYLAMIDE RESIN, LINEAR POLYACRYLAMIDE, PHⅢ



Polyacrylamide is a synthetic water-soluble polymer made from monomers of acrylamide.
Polyacrylamide binds soil particles together.
Once soil particles suspended in water are bound together by Polyacrylamide, they settle out, so water has a harder time washing them out of the field.


Water-soluble polymers like Polyacrylamide have been known to benefit soil properties for a long time.
Recently these polymers have gained renewed attention for their use in reducing irrigation-induced erosion, now that the cost of applying Polyacrylamide has become economically feasible.


Polyacrylamide (abbreviated as PAM or pAAM) is a polymer with the formula (-CH2CHCONH2-).
Polyacrylamide has a linear-chain structure.
Polyacrylamide is highly water-absorbent, forming a soft gel when hydrated.
In 2008, an estimated 750,000,000 kg were produced, Polyacrylamide is mainly for water treatment and the paper and mineral industries.


Even though these products are often called 'Polyacrylamide', many are actually copolymers of acrylamide and one or more other species, such as an acrylic acid or a salt thereof.
These copolymers have modified wetting and swellability.


The ionic forms of Polyacrylamide have found an important role in the potable water treatment industry.
Trivalent metal salts, like ferric chloride and aluminum chloride, are bridged by the long polymer chains of Polyacrylamide.
This results in a significant enhancement of the flocculation rate.


This allows water treatment plants to greatly improve the removal of total organic content (TOC) from raw water.
Polyacrylamide is a polymer formed from 2-propenamide(CH2:CHCONH2).
Polyacrylamide gels are made using a cross-linking agent to form three-dimensional matrices.


They are used in gel electrophoresis.
Polyacrylamide is a macromolecule composed of repeating 1-carbamoylethylene units.
Intelligent Swelling/Collapsing copolymer that Polyacrylamide can be used as a temperature- and pH-sensitive material.


Polyacrylamide is a synthetic water-soluble polymer made from monomers of acrylamide.
Polyacrylamide binds soil particles together.
Once soil particles suspended in water are bound together by Polyacrylamide, they settle out, so water has a harder time washing them out of the field.


Water-soluble polymers like Polyacrylamide have been known to benefit soil properties for a long time.
Recently these polymers have gained renewed attention for their use in reducing irrigation-induced erosion, now that the cost of applying Polyacrylamide has become economically feasible.


Other uses of polymers like Polyacrylamide include treatment of municipal water supplies, food packaging, adhesives, a boiler water additive, film former in the imprinting of soft-shell gelatin capsules, adjuvants in the manufacturing of paper and paperboard, and the list goes on and on.
Polyacrylamide (IUPAC poly(2-propenamide) or poly(1-carbamoylethylene), abbreviated as PAM) is a polymer (-CH2CHCONH2-) formed from acrylamide subunits.


Polyacrylamide can be synthesized as a simple linear-chain structure or cross-linked, typically using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide.
In the cross-linked form, the possibility of Polyacrylamide being present is reduced even further.
Polyacrylamide is highly water-absorbent, forming a soft gel when hydrated.


Polyacrylamide is a water-soluble polymer made up of acrylamide subunits.
Polyacrylamide increases the viscosity of water and facilitates the flocculation of particles present in water.
Polyacrylamide is a white to faintly yellow granules


Polyacrylamide is a hard, brittle material.
Polyacrylamide is readily soluble in cold water but solubility in organic compounds is generally very limited.
Polyacrylamide undergoes reactions characteristic of the amide group; for example, alkaline hydrolysis introduces carboxylic groups and reaction with formaldehyde gives methylol groups.


Polyacrylamide has found use as a ftocculant in the processing of minerals and in water treatment.
Polyacrylamide is produced by the polymerization of acrylamide (C3H5NO), a compound obtained by the hydration of acrylonitrile.
Polyacrylamide does not have the toxic effects of acrylamide monomer.


Polyacrylamide is hydrophilic (displays an affinity for water) and can form aqueous solutions of very high concentration.
Polyacrylamide is the collective name of acrylamide homopolymer or polymer copolymerized with other monomers .
Polyacrylamide is one of the most widely used varieties of water-soluble polymers .


Polyacrylamide is a synthetic polymer of acrylamide.
Polyacrylamide also has foaming, anti-static and lubricating properties.
Polyacrylamide contains small amounts of unreacted acrylamide.


In water-based solutions, some of the remaining acrylamide can be stripped out but removing acrylamide from solid forms is more difficult.
In both cases, some acrylamide is likely to remain.
Because Polyacrylamide’s properties as a thickener and lubricant are desirable for cosmetics, use doubled between 1989 and 2002, and appears to have increased dramatically since.


Polyacrylamide is a water-soluble polymer, insoluble in most organic solvents, and has great flocculation result.
Polyacrylamide can reduce the frictional resistance between liquids.
According to the ionic character, Polyacrylamide can be divided into three types: anion, cation and non-ion.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYACRYLAMIDE:
Polyacrylamideis used as a flocculant in water treatment industry.
Polyacrylamide is also used in petroleum geology drilling configuration for removing non-dispersing low solid phase mud.
Polyacrylamide can be used as setting agent in sugar industry settling agent (sugar co-agent); film formers.


Polyacrylamide can be used as a soil conditioner, flocculants, and can be used in textile and paper sizing reinforcement.
Polyacrylamide can be used at coal field, oil field and flocculant agents.
Polyacrylamide can be used as efficient flocculants for neutral and alkaline medium, and can be used as drilling mud additives.


Polyacrylamide can also be used as oilfield mud additives, sewage treatment agent, and for textile sizing, paper reinforcement.
Polyacrylamide can be used as the flocculant for water-based drilling fluid which can improve the rheological properties of the drilling fluid, reducing friction.


Polyacrylamide is widely used in petrochemical, metallurgy, coal, mineral processing and textile and other industrial sectors, and is also used as precipitation flocculant, oil field water thickeners, drilling mud treatment agent, textile pulp, paper reinforcing agent, fiber modifier, soil conditioners soil stabilizing agent, fiber paste, resin finishing agents, synthetic resin coatings, adhesives, and dispersing agents.


Polyacrylamide is used binding agent, dispersing aid, lubricant, drag reduction and crystal formation control.
Polyacrylamide is a binder, film former, and fixative with greater use in hair and nail than in skin care preparations.
Polyacrylamide is used in some hand and body lotions and cleansing creams.


Polyacrylamide is a polymer formed from acrylamide subunits.
Polyacrylamide has been extensively used in applications such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Copolymers of acrylamide and acrylic acid are used to increase the dry strength of paper.


Other uses of polymers like Polyacrylamide include treatment of municipal water supplies, food packaging, adhesives, a boiler water additive, film former in the imprinting of soft-shell gelatin capsules, adjuvants in the manufacturing of paper and paperboard, and the list goes on and on.


Polyacrylamide is used river and marine raw water, industrial effluent, domestic sewage treatment, Textile coatings, printing and dyeing, tanning wastewater, acid wastewater, Paper mill, electroplating factory, ceramic factory, Sand washing plant, coal washing plant, mining industry, oil extraction, oil refining, steel industry, windbreak and sand fixation, Adhesives, food industry, sugar & salt making, pharmaceutical, brewing wastewater.


Polyacrylamide is employed in the treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater.
Because of their gel-like properties, these solutions are employed as flocculants in the removal of suspended particles from sewage and industrial effluents (e.g., wastewater from paper mills).


Through the highly reactive amide (NH2) group, Polyacrylamide can be chemically modified to produce positively charged cationic polymer or negatively charged anionic polymer.
Polyacrylamide is an acrylic resin that has the unique property of being soluble in water.


Ionic polymers are especially useful in separating metals from residues in various mineral-processing and metallurgical operations.
Polyacrylamide is ideal for protein separations because it is chemically inert, electrically neutral, hydrophilic, and transparent for optical detection at wavelengths greater than 250 nm.


Additionally, the matrix does not interact with the solutes and has a low affinity for common protein stains.
This section provides an overview of the properties and characterization of Polyacrylamide gels, the advantages and disadvantages of precast vs. hand-cast gels, and examples of migration charts.


Polyacrylamide is used in drinking water treatment.
Polyacrylamide is used in industrial wastewater treatment.
Polyacrylamide is used in petroleum production, Mining, and coal washing fields, Papermaking fields, Textile printing, and dyeing industries.


Polyacrylamide is widely used in petroleum exploration, papermaking, water treatment, textile, medicine, agriculture and other industries.
According to statistics, 37% of the global Polyacrylamide production is used in wastewater treatment , 27% in the petroleum industry, and 18% in the paper industry.


Polyacrylamide is also used in water, sewage and waste treatment, oil recovery, ore processing paper making, and to make permanent-press fabrics, to synthesize dyes, contact lenses, and in the construction of dams, tunnels and sewers.
Other field: Polyacrylamide is used Sugar Industry, Breeding industry etc.


Polyacrylamide is also present in cigarette smoke.
Polyacrylamide is used as a stabilizer and binder in lotions and other products.
Polyacrylamide is used in cosmetics to stabilize products and bind ingredients.


-Fossil fuel industry uses of Polyacrylamide:
In oil and gas industry Polyacrylamide derivatives especially co-polymers have a substantial effect on production by enhanced oil recovery by viscosity enhancement.

High viscosity aqueous solutions can be generated with low concentrations of Polyacrylamide polymers, which are injected to improve the economics of conventional water-flooding.

In a separate application, hydraulic fracturing benefits from drag reduction resulting from injection of these solutions.
These applications use large volumes of polymer solutions at concentration of 30–3000 mg/L.


-Soil conditioning uses of Polyacrylamide:
The primary functions of Polyacrylamide soil conditioners are to increase soil tilth, aeration, and porosity and reduce compaction, dustiness and water run-off.
Typical applications of Polyacrylamide are 10 mg/L, which is still expensive for many applications.

Secondary functions are to increase plant vigor, color, appearance, rooting depth, and emergence of seeds while decreasing water requirements, diseases, erosion and maintenance expenses.
FC 2712 is used for this purpose.


-In the 1970s and 1980s, the proportionately largest use of these polymers was in water treatment.
The next major application by weight is additives for pulp processing and papermaking.
About 30% of Polyacrylamide is used in the oil and mineral industries.


-Flocculation uses of Polyacrylamide:
One of the largest uses for Polyacrylamide is to flocculate solids in a liquid.
This process applies to water treatment, and processes like paper making and screen printing.
Polyacrylamide can be supplied in a powder or liquid form, with the liquid form being subcategorized as solution and emulsion polymer.


-Molecular biology laboratories uses of Polyacrylamide:
Polyacrylamide is also often used in molecular biology applications as a medium for electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acids in a technique known as PAGE.

PAGE was first used in a laboratory setting in the early 1950s.
In 1959, the groups of Davis and Ornstein and of Raymond and Weintraub independently published on the use of Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate charged molecules.

The technique is widely accepted today, and remains a common protocol in molecular biology labs.
Acrylamide has other uses in molecular biology laboratories, including the use of Polyacrylamide as a carrier, which aids in the precipitation of small amounts of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

Many laboratory supply companies sell Polyacrylamide for this use.
In addition, under certain conditions, Polyacrylamide can be used to selectively precipitate only RNA species from a mixture of nucleic acids.


-Mechanobiology uses of Polyacrylamide:
The elastic modulus of Polyacrylamide can be changed by varying the ratio of monomer to cross-linker during the fabrication of Polyacrylamide gel.
This property makes Polyacrylamide useful in the field of mechanobiology, as a number of cells respond to mechanical stimuli.


-Niche uses of Polyacrylamide:
Polyacrylamide is also used to make Gro-Beast toys, which expand when placed in water, such as the Test Tube Aliens.
Similarly, the absorbent properties of one of its copolymers can be utilized as an additive in body-powder.

Polyacrylamide has been used in Botox as a subdermal filler for aesthetic facial surgery.
Polyacrylamide was also used in the synthesis of the first Boger fluid.


-Polyacrylamide is an important water-soluble polymer, and also has various values effects such as flocculation, thickening, cleavage resistant, reducing resistance, and dispersing properties.
These properties are biased according to the difference of the derivative ions.

Therefore, Polyacrylamide has wide application in various fields such as oil exploration, mineral processing, coal washing, metallurgy, chemicals, paper, textile, sugar, medicine, environmental protection, building materials, and agricultural production.



FEATURES OF POLYACRYLAMIDE
1. Flocculation
By charge neutrality, Polyacrylamide can make suspended particles flocculate and settle
2. Adhesive
Polyacrylamide can play an adhesive role through physical reaction
3. Thickening
Polyacrylamide has thickening property under neutral and acidic conditions.
If the PH value exceeds 10, Polyacrylamide is easy to hydrolyze



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYACRYLAMIDE
Polyacrylamide is relatively stable to heat with its solid only being softened at 220~230 °C and its solution subjecting to significant degradation only at above 110 °C.
Polyacrylamide is insoluble in benzene, toluene, xylene, gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, but soluble in water.

Polyacrylamide can react with alkaline with partial hydrolysis of polyacrylamide.
Polyacrylamide will have imidization reaction in strongly acidic (pH≤2.5) which will reduce its solubility in water.

Polyacrylamide can be cross-linked by the poly-nuclear olation complex ion formed between aldehyde (such as formaldehyde) and high metal (such as aluminum, chromium, zirconium, etc.) and is easy to be degraded by the action of the mechanical and (or) oxygen.

In oil exploitation, Polyacrylamide is mainly used as oil displacement agent, water blocking agent, profile control agent, thickener, drag-reducing agent, water treatment agent.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYACRYLAMIDE
*Solubility in water:
Upon rapid mechanical stirring, Polyacrylamide is easily soluble in cold water form a transparent adhesive solution.
Increasing the temperature does not affect Polyacrylamide's solubility and only affects its dissolution when the concentration is increased to a high viscosity.


*Solubility in Other Solvents:
Polyacrylamide has over 1% solubility in solvents such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, acetic acid and lactic acid (these materials may be used as the plasticizer for laminating Polyacrylamide).
However, Polyacrylamide can only be swelled without being dissolved in solvents such as propionic acid, propylene glycol.
Polyacrylamide is also not soluble in solvents such as acetone and hexane.


*Stability:
Polyacrylamide has a moderate hygroscopic property, if not exposed to position of high temperatures, the powdered Polyacrylamide can subject to long-term storage.

For liquid Polyacrylamide, when its concentration is greater than 17%, it can be stored for more than one year with no significant change in the solution viscosity.
In the pH range of 3 to 9, Polyacrylamide can maintain a good degree of stability; at high pH, ​​the viscosity will be increased gradually.


*Miscibility:
In generally used concentration, polyacrylamide has miscibility with most water-soluble natural or synthetic resins, latex systems, and most of the salts.
Polyacrylamide can also quickly miscible with non-ionic, cationic and anionic surfactants, though with certain surfactants affecting the viscosity.


*Viscosity:
The viscosity of polyacrylamide solution has a linear correlation with its molecular weight; in addition, the higher the temperature, the lower the viscosity.


*Intrinsic viscosity:
The increase of the molecular weight of Polyacrylamide will cause increased intrinsic viscosity.


*Ion property:
The carboxyl group in long-chain yields anionic Polyacrylamide; the amino group yields cationic version.
Because of the existence of amino group or carboxyl group in the long-chain of Polyacrylamide, it is easy for flocculation when encountering aluminum ions.


*Retention property:
The retention trend of Polyacrylamide is similar with that of rosin soap with the former one having a high retention rate.


*Toxicity:
Polyacrylamide itself is non-toxic, but if it contains polymerized monomers (a double bond), it would be toxic to humans.
For this reason, upon the completion of Polyacrylamide's preparation, a certain amount of sodium bicarbonate should be added to remove residual monomers.



PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYACRYLAMIDE
Polyacrylamide is a polyolefin.
Polyacrylamide can be viewed as polyethylene with amide substituents on alternating carbons.

Unlike various nylons, Polyacrylamide is not a polyamide because the amide groups are not in the polymer backbone.
Owing to the presence of the amide (CONH2) groups, alternating carbon atoms in the backbone are stereogenic (colloquially: chiral).

For this reason, Polyacrylamide exists in atactic, syndiotactic, and isotactic forms, although this aspect is rarely discussed.
The polymerization is initiated with radicals and is assumed to be stereorandom.



COPOLYMERS AND MODIFIED POLYMERS OF POLYACRYLAMIDE
Linear Polyacrylamide is a water-soluble polymer.
Other polar solvents include DMSO and various alcohols.

Cross-linking can be introduced using N,N-methylenebisacrylamide.
Some crosslinked materials are swellable but not soluble, i.e., they are hydrogels.
Partial hydrolysis occurs at elevated temperatures in aqueous media, converting some amide substituents to carboxylates.

This hydrolysis thus makes the polymer particularly hydrophilic.
The polymer produced from N,N-dimethylacrylamide resists hydrolysis.
Copolymers of acrylamide include those derived from acrylic acid.



HIGH POLYMER OF POLYACRYLAMIDE
Polyacrylamide, also briefly referred as PAM, is commonly a polymer with acrylamide monomers bonded connected by end to end configuration; it is a hard glassy solid at room temperature.
Because of the difference in production methods, the products can be white powder, translucent beads and flaky like.

Polyacrylamide'density is 1.302 g/cm3 (23 °C) with glass transition temperature being 153 °C and softening temperature being 210 °C.
Polyacrylamide has good thermal stability and is soluble in water; its aqueous solution is clear and transparent with its viscosity increasing with increased molecular weight of the polymer, and also having a logarithmic relationship with the change in concentration of the polymer.

Except for a few solvent such as acetic acid, acrylic acid, ethylene glycol, glycerol and formamide, Polyacrylamide is generally insoluble in organic solvents.
Polyacrylamide is formed by the polymerization of free acrylamide monomer radical.

Polyacrylamide can be produced by several methods such as solution polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization and solid state polymerization. Demanded product should have controllable molecular weight, good water solubility and with little residual monomers.

Polyacrylamide is one of the most widely used water-soluble polymer species with a large number of pendant amide groups presenting on its molecular backbone.

Amide group has a high chemical activity which can forms a series of derivatives with many kinds of compounds.
Polyacrylamide has effects of flocculation, thickening, drag reduction, adhesive, colloidal stabilizing, filming and preventing scale.

Polyacrylamide is widely used in papermaking, mining, coal washing, metallurgy, oil exploitation and other industrial sectors and is also a important chemical for water treatment.



ANIONIC AND CATIONIC POLYACRYLAMIDE:
Polyacrylamide is non-toxic and with a high molecular weight and is highly water soluble, and can introduce a variety of ionic groups for adjusting the molecular weight to obtain specific performance.

Polyacrylamide has good adhesion to many solid surface and dissolved substances, and can adhere or bridge the suspended particles dispersed in the solution for flocculation of them which is easy for filtration and separation.
Anionic polyacrylamide can be used as a cytoplasm additive in the paper industry with better retention and drainage effect.

It has a particularly dispersing effect for long-fiber pulp when its molecular weight is greater than 3.5 million.
In addition, it can also be used as a water treatment agent.

In petroleum industry, it can be used as oilfield mud additives, thickeners, and settling agents.
In coal industry, it is used as coal-washing additive.

Anionic polyacrylamide has generally two ways of preparation, one is copolymerization, which was prepared by the copolymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid or sodium acrylate aqueous solution; the other is the chemical conversion method, that is, from partial alkaline hydrolysis of polypropylene amide, or prepared by alkaline hydrolysis of poly-acrylonitrile.

Here is copolymerization method whose procedure is simple and easy to control.
The specific method is by mixing the 20% acrylamide and sodium acrylate aqueous solution in certain ratio.

200 parts of this mixed monomer were added about 1 part of 1% EDTA solution, and then add it into 460 parts of deionized water; then add 2-3 parts of both 5% ammonium persulfate and sodium hydrogen sulfite solution under continuous flow of nitrogen, stir for 3-4 hours at 40~50 °C.
Cationic polyacrylamide is cationic, and thus having strong flocculation and absorption ability on the anionic material such as cellulose.

As retention aids in the paper industry, it can increase filler and fines retention; as a filter aid, it has a strong flocculation effects on slurry and can accelerate the filtration accelerated of the wet in the wire section layer of paper machine; as a neutral sizing precipitating agent, it can partly substitute alum, and making rosin gum be precipitated and adhered between the fibers at higher pH.

It can also accelerate the settlement of fibers in the white water and the flocculation of the suspended solids in pulp waste water, and thus can be used for waste water processing.



PREPARATION OF POLYACRYLAMIDE:
The polymerization of acrylamide aqueous solution is a common method for preparing polyacrylamide.
According to the trigger mode, there are different methods such as thermal initiator and oxidation-reduction induction.
Polyacrylamide prepared by persulfate thermal initiating has relative small molecular weight at about 20 to about 1,000,000.

On the other hand, Polyacrylamide produced with oxidation-reduction method usually have relative high molecular weight polymer, up to about 300 to 400 million.
For the application of retention and drainage aid in paper industry, it is better to apply Polyacrylamide with higher molecular weight.

The following are oxidation-reduction triggering polymerization.
The resulting polymer, under alkaline conditions, is subject to Hofmann degradation reaction of amide in the sodium hypochlorite solution to obtain the acrylamide-amino-ethylene copolymer containing about 1% of free amino group.

Finally, neutralize with hydrochloric acid and further adjust to pH 5.5 to 6.
The resulting product has a cationic property, and is a kind of cationic polyacrylamide with good application performance and low cost.



HOW IS POLYACRYLAMIDE APPLIED AND WHAT FORMS DOES POLYACRYLAMIDE COME IN FOR APPLICATION?
How is Polyacrylamide applied and what forms does it come in for application?
Polyacrylamide's three most common forms are dry granules, solid blocks (cubes), and emulsified liquids.

The application method of Polyacrylamide chosen depends on the form of PAM selected.
The use of dry granular Polyacrylamide into irrigation water is facilitated by the use of an augured metering system and excellent mixing and thorough dissolving before the PAM reaches the irrigated furrows.

Polyacrylamide blocks (or cubes) are usually placed in wire baskets that need to be secured to the edge of the ditch to avoid washing of the blocks down the ditch.
Liquid Polyacrylamide can be metered directly from the container into the irrigation ditch, directly into the furrow, or through a pipe line or injector pump.

Dry granules of Polyacrylamide can be applied either by dissolving directly in the irrigation ditch before it hits the furrow, or applied directly in the furrow using what is known as the "patch method".
In order for the Polyacrylamide to dissolve properly in the irrigation ditch it must have proper agitation.

Unlike sugar or salt which dissolve fairly quickly in water, granular Polyacrylamide needs to be agitated thoroughly in order for it to dissolve.
If not agitated, Polyacrylamide globules form, and in time the globules can float down the furrow with little effect on the furrow erosion.

A way to make sure the applied Polyacrylamide is dissolved is to have a drop structure in the irrigation ditch to add turbulence to the water before it hits the furrow.

Another tip to achieve desired dissolving is to place the applicator close to the point where the irrigation water first hits the ditch.
In a concrete ditch, tins or boards will provide sufficient turbulence.
In a earthen ditch a drop dam works nicely.



BIOCHEM/PHYSIOL ACTIONS OF POLYACRYLAMIDE:
Polyacrylamide is a water-soluble polymer made up of acrylamide subunits.
Polyacrylamide increases the viscosity of water and facilitates the flocculation of particles present in water.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF POLYACRYLAMIDE:
1. Acrylonitrile is hydrated to obtain acrylamide with copper as the catalyst, and further polymerized into polyacrylamide in the action of K2S2O8.
Copper-aluminum alloy is converted into catalyst by alkali washing and pour into the hydration reactor.

The raw material of acrylonitrile is pumped to storage tanks and then into the measuring tank, pour the water subjecting to post-ion exchange process into the measuring tank and then pump raw materials through the pre-heater continuously into the hydration reactor in proportion; control at 85-125 °C for hydration reaction to obtain aqueous solution of acrylamide with the remaining acrylonitrile recovered through flash column and condenser and further flowed back into the water metering tank for recycling usage and the acrylamide solution flowing from flash tank into the tank; Pump it into high slot to the resin exchange column to become 7-8% monomer after entering into tank, send it to the polymerization reactor to produce gel-like polyacrylamide gel package which is the final product.


2. Colloidal polyacrylamide: add 1 200 kg of deionized water into the hydrolysis reactor, add under stirring of acrylonitrile, 0.3 kg of aluminum hydroxide, cupric hydroxide for complex catalysis, and have hydrolysis reaction at 85~125 °C.

After completion of the reaction, distill off the unreacted monomer acrylonitrile.
Prepare a 7% to 8% acryloyl aqueous solution, add polymerization vessel and have polymerization reaction upon the triggering of ammonium persulfate.

High molecular weight-polyacrylamide; hydrolyze acrylonitrile at 110~140 °C, 0.3 MPa into acrylamide.
Add PAGE into the polymerization vessel containing deionized water, and have reaction for 8 to 24 h in the triggering of 50 mg/kg of ammonium persulfate.
Then, Polyacrylamide is hydrolyzed into the final product under alkaline conditions and at 70~80 °C.


3. Acrylonitrile is first catalyzed into acrylamide, and then further polymerized into polyacrylamide in the presence of K2S2O8.


4. Add measured acrylonitrile into the reaction vessel; further add a catalytic amount of copper-based catalyst.
Stir and warm up to 85~120 °C.
The reaction pressure was controlled at 0.29~0.39 MPa.

In continuous operation, the feed content was controlled at 6.5% with empty velocity of about 5h-1.
The obtained acrylamide was then transferred polymerization vessel; add a certain amount of deionized water.

Have the polymerization reaction in the triggering of potassium persulfate; add an appropriate amount of sodium bisulfite at 10 mins after the start of the reaction.

Gradually heat to 64 °C, cool the reaction mixture, and have reaction at about 55 °C for 6h.
Remove the unreacted monomer at vacuum (80 °C) under reduced pressure to obtain the finished product.



PREPARATION OF POLYACRYLAMIDE:
Polyacrylamide resembles poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid) in being water-soluble and, as with those polymers, it is mainly this property which results in some limited commercial utilization. Polyacrylamide is prepared by free radical polymerization, using techniques essentially similar to those described for poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid):

It may be noted that whereas this reaction gives a vinyl polymer, a different type of polymer is obtained when polymerization is initiated by a strong base.
In this case, a polyamide (nylon 3) is formed.
Active initiators for this type of polymerization include alkoxides (RO-) and reaction, which involves the rearrangement of a carbanion to a more stable amide anion.



POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS:
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is an important means of DNA, RNA and protein analysis and separation.
Ions and charged molecules mobilize in electric field with the mobility rate being related to their molecular size and shape, the strength of the molecular charge, the current strength and the resistance of the media to the current and therefore forming separate bands.


1. DNA polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis:
PAGE can separated the substances according to their differences on charge, molecular size and the shape, thus having a molecular sieve effect as well as an electrostatic effect; it has a higher resolution than agarose gel electrophoresis and is suitable for the isolation of DNA oligonucleotides and its sequence analysis.

Compared with agarose gel electrophoresis, it has the following advantages:
(1)A stronger distinguishing ability, though the maximum fragment is 500 times as long as the smallest fragment length, they can still be well separated;
(2) Capable of loading a higher amount of DNA than agarose gel;
(3)The purity recovered from PAGE recovered is high which is suitable for demanding experiments.


2. RNA polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (gel electrophoresis with vertical plate): it can isolate and analyze several different RNA samples or large doses of RNA samples simultaneously.


3. Protein polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis:

(1)The basic principle of SDS denaturing in-continuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is based on differences in the molecular weight of the protein, SDS is an anionic surfactant, capable of binding with the hydrophobic portion of the protein thus making the protein bring a large number of anions SDS.

Protein molecules thus bring a lot of negative charge which is far beyond its original charge.
Thus the difference between the charges on different proteins has no significant effect.

SDS can also make protein structure become loose with converged shape; the mobility rate of SDS-protein complex is only related to molecular weight.
PAGE not only has molecular sieve effect but also has concentrated effect.
Owing to the effect of the discontinuous pH gradient, the sample is compressed into a narrow band, thereby improving the separation efficiency.

(2)Discontinuous non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: the operation process such as materials, glue and electrophoresis and exactly the same as SDS-PAGE.
The only difference is that all reagents are free of SDS.

(3)Continuous non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: electrophoresis system is to use a continuous pH value, and one layer of gel, and one kind of buffer system.
The operation is the same as SDS-PAGE.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYACRYLAMIDE:
Molecular Formula: CONH2[CH2-CH]n
CAS NO.: 9003-05-8
Appearance: Granule
Colour: White or off-white
Solid Content: ≥90%
Molecular Weight(Million): Low/Medium/Medium High/High/Ultra High
Degree Of Hydrolysis(%): Very Low/Low/Medium/Medium High/High/Ultra High
PH(1% water solution): 7.0-10.0
Dissolved Time(Hour): ≤1.5
Ionic Charge: Anionic
Molecular Weight: 15-17million
Hydrolysis Degree: 20-30%

Solid Content: >89%
Bulk Density: About 0.6-0.8
Recommended Working Concentration: 0.1%
Shelf Life: 2 years
CBNumber: CB7390058
Molecular Formula: (C3H5NO)x
Molecular Weight: 71.08
MDL Number: MFCD00084392
MOL File: 9003-05-8.mol
Melting point: >300 °C
Density: 1.189 g/mL at 25 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.452
Flash point: >230 °F

Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Water
Form: Granules
Color: White to faintly yellow
Odor: Odorless
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents,
aluminium, copper, iron, iron salts
FDA 21 CFR: 172.255; 173.315
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): POLYACRYLAMIDE
EWG's Food Scores: 2-4
FDA UNII: 9FPL31B58Q
EPA Substance Registry System: Polyacrylamide (9003-05-8)



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYACRYLAMIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYACRYLAMIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYACRYLAMIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYACRYLAMIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYACRYLAMIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYACRYLAMIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

DESCRIPTION:

Polyacrylamide is used as a stabilizer and binder in lotions and other products.
Though it is not a concern in itself, Polyacrylamide is made up of repeating molecules of acrylamide, which is a strongly suspected carcinogen and has been linked to mammary tumors.

CAS No.: 9003-05-8
Linear Formula: (C3H5NO)n
Molecular Weight: 71.08

Polyacrylamide is used in cosmetics to stabilize products and bind ingredients.
Polyacrylamide also has foaming, anti-static and lubricating properties.

Polyacrylamide contains small amounts of unreacted acrylamide.
In water-based solutions, some of the remaining acrylamide can be stripped out but removing acrylamide from solid forms is more difficult.
In both cases, some acrylamide is likely to remain.

Because it’s properties as a thickener and lubricant are desirable for cosmetics, use doubled between 1989 and 2002, and appears to have increased dramatically since.
Polyacrylamide is also used in water, sewage and waste treatment, oil recovery, ore processing paper making, and to make permanent-press fabrics, to synthesize dyes, contact lenses, and in the construction of dams, tunnels and sewers.
Polyacrylamide is also present in cigarette smoke.


Polyacrylamide, also briefly referred as PAM, is commonly a polymer with acrylamide monomers bonded connected by end to end configuration; Polyacrylamide is a hard glassy solid at room temperature.
Because of the difference in production methods, the products can be white powder, translucent beads and flaky like.
Its density is 1.302 g/cm3 (23 °C) with glass transition temperature being 153 °C and softening temperature being 210 °C.

Polyacrylamide has good thermal stability and is soluble in water; its aqueous solution is clear and transparent with its viscosity increasing with increased molecular weight of the polymer, and also having a logarithmic relationship with the change in concentration of the polymer.
Except for a few solvent such as acetic acid, acrylic acid, ethylene glycol, glycerol and formamide, Polyacrylamide is generally insoluble in organic solvents.

Polyacrylamide is formed by the polymerization of free acrylamide monomer radical.
Polyacrylamide can be produced by several methods such as solution polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization and solid state polymerization.
Demanded product should have controllable molecular weight, good water solubility and with little residual monomers.

Polyacrylamide is one of the most widely used water-soluble polymer species with a large number of pendant amide groups presenting on its molecular backbone.
Amide group has a high chemical activity which can forms a series of derivatives with many kinds of compounds.

Polyacrylamide has effects of flocculation, thickening, drag reduction, adhesive, colloidal stabilizing, filming and preventing scale.
Polyacrylamide is widely used in papermaking, mining, coal washing, metallurgy, oil exploitation and other industrial sectors and is also a important chemical for water treatment.

Polyacrylamides (PAMs), are polymer-based materials used to facilitate erosion control and decrease soil sealing by binding soil particles, especially clays, to hold them on site.
In addition, these types of materials may also be used as a water treatment additive to remove suspended particles from runoff.


Polyacrylamide increases the soil’s available pore volume, thus increasing infiltration and reducing the quantity of stormwater runoff that can cause erosion.
Suspended sediments from PAM treated soils exhibit increased flocculation over untreated soils.
The increased flocculation aids in their deposition, thus reducing stormwater runoff turbidity and improving water quality.

Polyacrylamide may be used as a water treatment additive to remove suspended particles from runoff.
Polyacrylamide may also be used to provide an appropriate medium for the growth of vegetation for further stabilization.

Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a type of hydrogel consisting of a loosely cross-linked acrylamide structure that can hold large amount of water.
Due to their high water content, polyacrylamide is also highly amenable for use as biomaterial that can be in contact with tissue or biological fluids as implants, soft contact lenses, and drug delivery particle systems.

Polyacrylamide beads can be readily surface functionalized and have been recently used in a wide range of microencapsulation applications including RNA capture, drug encapsulation, controlled release, and enzyme immobilization.
Microfluidic technology for polyacrylamide synthesis has seen a significant growth in various fields.
High reproducibility, real-time control and reduction of waste are the main factors that push users to switch from conventional batch methods to microfluidics.

Polyacrylamide (abbreviated as PAM or pAAM) is a polymer with the formula (-CH2CHCONH2-).
Polyacrylamide has a linear-chain structure. PAM is highly water-absorbent, forming a soft gel when hydrated.
In 2008, an estimated 750,000,000 kg were produced, mainly for water treatment and the paper and mineral industries.


ADVANTAGES OF POLYACRYLAMIDE:
Polyacrylamide Improves stability of problem soils to prevent soil detachment (i.e. prevents erosion) in the first place
Polyacrylamide Provides quick stabilization where vegetation has yet to be established
Polyacrylamide Promotes flocculation (reduces settling time) of smallest particles

Polyacrylamide Increases soil pore volume and permeability, thus decreasing imperious cover
Polyacrylamide is Less obtrusive than some conventional measures - doesn’t interfere with construction machinery/activity

Polyacrylamide is Convenient and easy to apply and store along with other soil amendments (fertilizer, mulch, etc.) with conventional seeding, mulching, or irrigation equipment
Material is specifically designed for the soil, waters, and other on site characteristics
Polyacrylamide May prevent costly repair and reshaping of rilling or failing slopes

Re-application may not be necessary for several months if treated areas are mulched
Polyacrylamide Reduces seed, pesticide, and fertilizer (phosphorus and nitrogen) losses that hinder vegetation establishment on site, increase costs, and promote nutrient and chemical loading offsite
Polyacrylamide Reduces windborne dust conditions




Polyacrylamide is a polymer (-CH2CHCONH2-) formed from acrylamide subunits that can also be readily cross-linked.
Acrylamide needs to be handled using good laboratory practices (GLP) to avoid poisonous exposure since it is a neurotoxin.
Polyacrylamide is not toxic, but unpolymerized acrylamide can be present in the polymerized acrylamide.

Therefore it is recommended to handle it with caution.
In the cross-linked form, it is highly water-absorbent, forming a soft gel used in such applications as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in manufacturing soft contact lenses.
In the straight-chain form, it is also used as a thickener and suspending agent.

More recently, it has been used as a subdermal filler for aesthetic facial surgery (see Aquamid).
It has also been advertised as a soil conditioner called Krilium by Monsanto in the 1950s and today "MP", which is stated to be a "unique formulation of PAM (water-soluble polyacrylamide)".
The anionic form of polyacrylamide is frequently used as a soil conditioner on farmland and construction sites for erosion control.

The polymer is also used to make Gro-Beast toys, which expand when placed in water, as the Test Tube Aliens.
The non-ionic form of Polyacrylamide has found an important role in the potable water treatment industry.
Trivalent metal salts like ferric chloride and aluminum chloride are bridged by the long polymer chains of polyacrylamide.

This results in significant enhancement of the flocculation rate.
This allows water treatment plants to greately improve the removal of total organic content (TOC) from raw water.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYACRYLAMIDE:

Polyacrylamide is relatively stable to heat with its solid only being softened at 220~230 °C and its solution subjecting to significant degradation only at above 110 °C.
Polyacrylamide is insoluble in benzene, toluene, xylene, gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, but soluble in water.
Polyacrylamide can react with alkaline with partial hydrolysis of polyacrylamide.

Polyacrylamide will have imidization reaction in strongly acidic (pH≤2.5) which will reduce its solubility in water.
Polyacrylamide can be cross-linked by the poly-nuclear olation complex ion formed between aldehyde (such as formaldehyde) and high metal (such as aluminum, chromium, zirconium, etc.) and is easy to be degraded by the action of the mechanical and (or) oxygen.
In oil exploitation, Polyacrylamide is mainly used as oil displacement agent, water blocking agent, profile control agent, thickener, drag-reducing agent, water treatment agent.

Melting point >300 °C
Density 1.189 g/mL at 25 °C
refractive index n20/D 1.452
Flash point >230 °F
storage temp. 2-8°C
solubility Water
form Granules
color White to faintly yellow
Odor odorless
Water Solubility SOLUBLE
Stability Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, aluminium, copper, iron, iron salts
Appearance:
powder
Density:
1.302 for AQ solution
Molecular Weight:
Mv 4,500,000 - 7,500,000 (MHS a = 0.755, k = 1 x 10-4 dL/g [1])
Solubility:
water, morpholine
Viscosity:
2.2 – 3.0 cP, 25°C, 0.1%



Solubility in water:
Upon rapid mechanical stirring, polyacrylamide is easily soluble in cold water form a transparent adhesive solution.
Increasing the temperature does not affect its solubility and only affects its dissolution when the concentration is increased to a high viscosity.

Solubility in Other Solvents:
Polyacrylamide has a over 1% solubility in solvents such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, acetic acid and lactic acid (these materials may be used as the plasticizer for laminating polyacrylamide).
However, Polyacrylamide can only be swelled without being dissolved in solvents such as propionic acid, propylene glycol; it is also not soluble in solvent such as acetone and hexane.

Stability:
Polyacrylamide has a moderate hygroscopic property, if not exposed to position of high temperatures, the powdered polyacrylamide can subject to long-term storage.
For liquid polyacrylamide, when its concentration is greater than 17%, it can be stored for more than one year with no significant change in the solution viscosity.
In the pH range of 3 to 9, it can maintain a good degree of stability; at high pH, the viscosity will be increased gradually.

Miscibility:
In generally used concentration, polyacrylamide has miscibility with most water-soluble natural or synthetic resins, latex systems, and most of the salts.
Polyacrylamide can also quickly miscible with non-ionic, cationic and anionic surfactants, though with certain surfactants affecting the viscosity.

Viscosity:
The viscosity of polyacrylamide solution has a linear correlation with its molecular weight; in addition, the higher the temperature, the lower the viscosity.

Intrinsic viscosity:
The increase of the molecular weight of polyacrylamide will cause increased intrinsic viscosity.

Ion property:
The carboxyl group in long-chain yields anionic polyacrylamide; the amino group yields cationic version.
Because of the existence of amino group or carboxyl group in the long-chain of polyacrylamide, it is easy for flocculation when encountering aluminum ions.

Retention property:
The retention trend of polyacrylamide is similar with that of rosin soap with the former one having a high retention rate.


Polyacrylamide is a polyolefin.
Polyacrylamide can be viewed as polyethylene with amide substituents on alternating carbons.
Unlike various nylons, polyacrylamide is not a polyamide because the amide groups are not in the polymer backbone.

Owing to the presence of the amide (CONH2) groups, alternating carbon atoms in the backbone are stereogenic (colloquially: chiral).
For this reason, polyacrylamide exists in atactic, syndiotactic, and isotactic forms, although this aspect is rarely discussed.
The polymerization is initiated with radicals and is assumed to be stereorandom.

Copolymers and modified polymers:
Linear polyacrylamide is a water-soluble polymer.
Other polar solvents include DMSO and various alcohols.
Cross-linking can be introduced using N,N-methylenebisacrylamide.
Some crosslinked materials are swellable but not soluble, i.e., they are hydrogels.

Partial hydrolysis occurs at elevated temperatures in aqueous media, converting some amide substituents to carboxylates.
This hydrolysis thus makes the polymer particularly hydrophilic.
The polymer produced from N,N-dimethylacrylamide resists hydrolysis.
Copolymers of acrylamide include those derived from acrylic acid.


USES OF POLYACRYLAMIDE:
1. Polyacrylamide is used as a flocculant in water treatment industry.
Polyacrylamide is Also used in petroleum geology drilling configuration for removing non-dispersing low solid phase mud.
2. Polyacrylamide can be used as setting agent in sugar industry settling agent (sugar co-agent); film formers.
3. Polyacrylamide can be used as a soil conditioner, flocculants, and can be used in textile and paper sizing reinforcement.


4. Polyacrylamide can be used at coal field, oil field and flocculant agents.
5. Polyacrylamide can be used as efficient flocculants for neutral and alkaline medium, and can be used as drilling mud additives.
6. Polyacrylamide can also be used as oilfield mud additives, sewage treatment agent, and for textile sizing, paper reinforcement.


7. Polyacrylamide is an important water-soluble polymer, and also has various values effects such as flocculation, thickening, cleavage resistant, reducing resistance, and dispersing properties.
These properties are biased according to the difference of the derivative ions.
Therefore, it has wide application in various fields such as oil exploration, mineral processing, coal washing, metallurgy, chemicals, paper, textile, sugar, medicine, environmental protection, building materials, and agricultural production.

8. Polyacrylamide can be used as the flocculant for water-based drilling fluid which can improve the rheological properties of the drilling fluid, reducing friction.
9. Polyacrylamide is widely used in petrochemical, metallurgy, coal, mineral processing and textile and other industrial sectors, and is also used as precipitation flocculant, oil field water thickeners, drilling mud treatment agent, textile pulp, paper reinforcing agent, fiber modifier, soil conditioners soil stabilizing agent, fiber paste, resin finishing agents, synthetic resin coatings, adhesives, and dispersing agents.


In the 1970s and 1980s, the proportionately largest use of these polymers was in water treatment.
The next major application by weight is additives for pulp processing and papermaking.
About 30% of polyacrylamide is used in the oil and mineral industries.

Flocculation:
One of the largest uses for polyacrylamide is to flocculate solids in a liquid.
This process applies to water treatment, and processes like paper making and screen printing.
Polyacrylamide can be supplied in a powder or liquid form, with the liquid form being subcategorized as solution and emulsion polymer.


Even though these products are often called 'polyacrylamide', many are actually copolymers of acrylamide and one or more other species, such as an acrylic acid or a salt thereof.
These copolymers have modified wetting and swellability.

The ionic forms of polyacrylamide has found an important role in the potable water treatment industry.
Trivalent metal salts, like ferric chloride and aluminum chloride, are bridged by the long polymer chains of polyacrylamide.
This results in significant enhancement of the flocculation rate.
This allows water treatment plants to greatly improve the removal of total organic content (TOC) from raw water.

Fossil fuel industry:
In oil and gas industry polyacrylamide derivatives especially co-polymers have a substantial effect on production by enhanced oil recovery by viscosity enhancement.
High viscosity aqueous solutions can be generated with low concentrations of polyacrylamide polymers, which are injected to improve the economics of conventional water-flooding.
In a separate application, hydraulic fracturing benefits from drag reduction resulting from injection of these solutions.
These applications use large volumes of polymer solutions at concentration of 30–3000 mg/L.

Soil conditioning:
The primary functions of polyacrylamide soil conditioners are to increase soil tilth, aeration, and porosity and reduce compaction, dustiness and water run-off.
Typical applications are 10 mg/L, which is still expensive for many applications.
Secondary functions are to increase plant vigor, color, appearance, rooting depth, and emergence of seeds while decreasing water requirements, diseases, erosion and maintenance expenses.
FC 2712 is used for this purpose.

Molecular biology laboratories:
Polyacrylamide is also often used in molecular biology applications as a medium for electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acids in a technique known as PAGE.
PAGE was first used in a laboratory setting in the early 1950s.

In 1959, the groups of Davis and Ornstein and of Raymond and Weintraub independently published on the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate charged molecules.
The technique is widely accepted today, and remains a common protocol in molecular biology labs.

Acrylamide has other uses in molecular biology laboratories, including the use of linear polyacrylamide (LPA) as a carrier, which aids in the precipitation of small amounts of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
Many laboratory supply companies sell LPA for this use.
In addition, under certain conditions, it can be used to selectively precipitate only RNA species from a mixture of nucleic acids.

Mechanobiology:
The elastic modulus of polyacrylamide can be changed by varying the ratio of monomer to cross-linker during the fabrication of polyacrylamide gel.
This property makes polyacrylamide useful in the field of mechanobiology, as a number of cells respond to mechanical stimuli.

Niche uses:
The polymer is also used to make Gro-Beast toys, which expand when placed in water, such as the Test Tube Aliens.
Similarly, the absorbent properties of one of its copolymers can be utilized as an additive in body-powder.
It has been used in Botox as a subdermal filler for aesthetic facial surgery (see Aquamid).
It was also used in the synthesis of the first Boger fluid.


PRODUCTION METHODS OF POLYACRYLAMIDE:
1. Acrylonitrile is hydrated to obtain acrylamide with copper as the catalyst, and further polymerized into polyacrylamide in the action of K2S2O8.
Copper-aluminum alloy is converted into catalyst by alkali washing and pour into the hydration reactor.

The raw material of acrylonitrile is pumped to storage tanks and then into the measuring tank, pour the water subjecting to post-ion exchange process into the measuring tank and then pump raw materials through the pre-heater continuously into the hydration reactor in proportion; control at 85-125 °C for hydration reaction to obtain aqueous solution of acrylamide with the remaining acrylonitrile recovered through flash column and condenser and further flowed back into the water metering tank for recycling usage and the acrylamide solution flowing from flash tank into the tank; Pump it into high slot to the resin exchange column to become 7-8% monomer after entering into tank, send it to the polymerization reactor to produce gel-like polyacrylamide gel package which is the final product.

2. Colloidal polyacrylamide: add 1 200 kg of deionized water into the hydrolysis reactor, add under stirring of acrylonitrile, 0.3 kg of aluminum hydroxide, cupric hydroxide for complex catalysis, and have hydrolysis reaction at 85~125 °C.
After completion of the reaction, distill off the unreacted monomer acrylonitrile.
Prepare a 7% to 8% acryloyl aqueous solution, add polymerization vessel and have polymerization reaction upon the triggering of ammonium persulfate.

High molecular weight-polyacrylamide; hydrolyze acrylonitrile at 110~140 °C, 0.3 MPa into acrylamide.
Add PAGE into the polymerization vessel containing deionized water, and have reaction for 8 to 24 h in the triggering of 50 mg/kg of ammonium persulfate.
Then, it is hydrolyzed into the final product under alkaline conditions and at 70~80 °C.

3. Acrylonitrile is first catalyzed into acrylamide, and then further polymerized into polyacrylamide in the presence of K2S2O8.

4. Add measured acrylonitrile into the reaction vessel; further add a catalytic amount of copper-based catalyst.
Stir and warm up to 85~120 °C.
The reaction pressure was controlled at 0.29~0.39 MPa.

In continuous operation, the feed content was controlled at 6.5% with empty velocity of about 5h-1.
The obtained acrylamide was then transferred polymerization vessel; add a certain amount of deionized water.
Have the polymerization reaction in the triggering of potassium persulfate; add an appropriate amount of sodium bisulfite at 10 mins after the start of the reaction.

Gradually heat to 64 °C, cool the reaction mixture, and have reaction at about 55 °C for 6h.
Remove the unreacted monomer at vacuum (80 °C) under reduced pressure to obtain the finished product.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POLYACRYLAMIDE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

Polyacrylamide is a synthetic polymer derived from acrylamide monomers.
Polyacrylamide is a water-soluble polymer with a wide range of industrial and commercial applications.
Polyacrylamide can be produced in various forms, including granules, beads, powders, and gels, depending on its intended use.
Polyacrylamide is commonly used as a flocculant, thickener, binder, and rheology modifier in industries such as wastewater treatment, papermaking, oil recovery, agriculture, textiles, and cosmetics.

CAS Number: 9003-05-8
EC Number: 618-350-6

Poly(2-propenamide), Acrylamide polymer, Polyacrylamide resin, Polyacrylamide gel, Acrylic acid amide polymer, Poly(1-carbamoylethylene), PAM, Polyacrylamide copolymer, Polyacrylamide flocculant, Polyacrylamide powder, Polyacrylamide emulsion, Poly(acrylamidic acid), Polyacrylic acid amide, Poly(acrylamide), Poly(2-propenamide)



APPLICATIONS


Polyacrylamide is extensively used in wastewater treatment plants as a flocculant and coagulant.
Polyacrylamide aids in the removal of suspended solids, organic matter, and contaminants from wastewater streams.

In the papermaking industry, polyacrylamide serves as a retention aid and drainage agent to improve paper formation and quality.
Polyacrylamide enhances the retention of fibers and fillers in paper sheets, resulting in stronger and smoother paper products.
Polyacrylamide finds application in agriculture as a soil conditioner and erosion control agent.

Polyacrylamide improves soil structure, water retention, and crop yields, particularly in arid or sandy soils.
Polyacrylamide is used in the textile industry as a sizing agent and binder to enhance fabric properties.
Polyacrylamide improves fabric stiffness, durability, and resistance to wrinkles and creases.

Polyacrylamide is employed in cosmetics and personal care products as a thickening and stabilizing agent.
Polyacrylamide imparts viscosity and texture to lotions, creams, and hair care formulations, enhancing their performance.

In petroleum production, polyacrylamide is utilized in enhanced oil recovery processes to improve fluid flow and displacement efficiency.
Polyacrylamide reduces friction in pipelines and reservoirs, facilitating the extraction of oil and gas reserves.
Polyacrylamide is used in the mining industry for solid-liquid separation and tailings treatment.
Polyacrylamide aids in the dewatering of mineral slurries and the recovery of valuable minerals from ores.

Polyacrylamide is employed in the construction industry as a soil stabilizer and additive in cementitious materials.
Polyacrylamide improves the strength, workability, and durability of concrete and mortar mixes.
Polyacrylamide is utilized in the manufacturing of adhesives, coatings, and sealants as a binder and thickening agent.

Polyacrylamide forms strong, flexible films that enhance adhesion and provide protective coatings.
In the food industry, polyacrylamide is used in food processing and packaging as a clarifying agent and viscosity modifier.

Polyacrylamide aids in the clarification of fruit juices, beer, and wine, and improves the texture of processed foods.
Polyacrylamide is employed in the pharmaceutical industry as a carrier for drug delivery systems and controlled-release formulations.
Polyacrylamide helps improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Polyacrylamide is used in the manufacture of gel electrophoresis matrices for molecular biology and biochemistry applications.

Polyacrylamide separates biomolecules, such as DNA and proteins, based on size and charge during electrophoretic analysis.
Overall, polyacrylamide plays a vital role in various industries, contributing to the efficiency, quality, and performance of diverse products and processes.

Polyacrylamide is used in the treatment of drinking water and potable water supplies to remove impurities and improve water quality.
Polyacrylamide aids in the sedimentation and filtration processes, helping to produce clean and safe drinking water.
In the cosmetic industry, polyacrylamide is utilized in skincare products such as facial masks and anti-aging creams.
Polyacrylamide helps to improve skin hydration, firmness, and elasticity, contributing to a youthful appearance.

Polyacrylamide is employed in the manufacture of contact lenses as a hydrogel material for soft and comfortable lens wear.
Polyacrylamide provides excellent water retention properties and biocompatibility, ensuring comfort and safety for the wearer.
Polyacrylamide is used in the production of wastewater sludge dewatering agents to improve the efficiency of sludge treatment processes.

Polyacrylamide aids in the dehydration and solidification of sludge, reducing its volume and facilitating disposal.
Polyacrylamide finds application in the mining industry for the extraction of precious metals such as gold and silver.
Polyacrylamide assists in the separation and recovery of valuable minerals from ore concentrates and mining effluents.

In the petroleum refining industry, polyacrylamide is used as a drag reducing agent (DRA) in pipeline transportation.
Polyacrylamide reduces frictional resistance in pipelines, allowing for the efficient transportation of crude oil and refined products.

Polyacrylamide is employed in the manufacturing of gel-like materials for medical and surgical applications.
Polyacrylamide serves as a scaffold material for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, promoting cell growth and tissue regeneration.
Polyacrylamide is used in the construction of hydrogels for wound dressings, providing moisture retention and wound healing properties.
In the textile printing industry, polyacrylamide is used as a thickener and binder for textile dyes and pigments.
Polyacrylamide improves color fastness, print sharpness, and wash resistance in textile printing processes.

Polyacrylamide finds application in the treatment of industrial wastewater from various manufacturing processes, including chemical, textile, and metalworking industries.
Polyacrylamide assists in the removal of heavy metals, oils, and organic pollutants from industrial effluents, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations.
Polyacrylamide is employed in the construction of soil erosion control blankets and erosion control mats for slope stabilization and revegetation projects.

Polyacrylamide is used in the manufacturing of hydroponic growing media and soilless potting mixes for agriculture and horticulture applications.
Polyacrylamide provides a lightweight, moisture-retentive substrate for plant growth, reducing water consumption and improving crop yields.
In the paint and coatings industry, polyacrylamide serves as a rheology modifier and thickening agent for water-based paints and emulsions.

Polyacrylamide enhances paint flow properties, brushability, and film formation, resulting in smooth and durable coatings.
Overall, polyacrylamide continues to find new and innovative applications across a wide range of industries, contributing to sustainability, efficiency, and product performance.

Polyacrylamide is used in the treatment of industrial wastewater from pulp and paper mills to remove lignin, cellulose, and other organic contaminants.
Polyacrylamide aids in the clarification and purification of wastewater, improving the quality of effluents discharged into water bodies.

Polyacrylamide is employed in the manufacture of gel electrophoresis matrices for protein and nucleic acid separation and analysis in molecular biology research.
Polyacrylamide facilitates the separation of biomolecules based on size, charge, and conformation, allowing for precise molecular characterization.
Polyacrylamide is used in the production of soil amendments and conditioners for agricultural and landscaping applications.

Polyacrylamide improves soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability, promoting healthy plant growth and root development.
Polyacrylamide is employed in the construction of artificial snow for winter sports and recreational activities.

Polyacrylamide enhances the texture and consistency of artificial snow, providing a realistic and enjoyable skiing or snowboarding experience.
Polyacrylamide is utilized in the manufacture of gel capsules and controlled-release drug delivery systems for pharmaceutical applications.
Polyacrylamide enables the encapsulation and sustained release of active pharmaceutical ingredients, improving drug efficacy and patient compliance.

Polyacrylamide is used in the production of high-performance drilling fluids for oil and gas exploration and drilling operations.
Polyacrylamide stabilizes boreholes, enhances drilling efficiency, and prevents fluid loss during well construction and completion.

Polyacrylamide is employed in the manufacturing of personal hygiene products such as diapers, sanitary napkins, and adult incontinence pads.
Polyacrylamide provides absorbency and moisture retention properties, keeping the skin dry and comfortable.
Polyacrylamide is used in the formulation of gel air fresheners and odor control products for household and commercial use.

Polyacrylamide absorbs and neutralizes malodorous compounds, freshening indoor air environments.
Polyacrylamide is employed in the production of anti-fog coatings for eyeglasses, goggles, and automotive windshields.
Polyacrylamide prevents condensation and fogging on surfaces, improving visibility and safety.
Polyacrylamide is used in the manufacture of soil erosion control barriers and sedimentation ponds for construction and land development projects.
Polyacrylamide helps prevent soil erosion and sediment runoff, protecting water quality and aquatic habitats.

Polyacrylamide is utilized in the treatment of municipal sewage sludge for dewatering and volume reduction.
Polyacrylamide aids in the formation of dense sludge cakes and the removal of water, facilitating sludge disposal and management.
Polyacrylamide is employed in the manufacturing of gel-based personal lubricants for sexual wellness and intimacy enhancement.
Polyacrylamide provides long-lasting lubrication and moisturization, reducing friction and discomfort.
Overall, polyacrylamide plays a vital role in a diverse range of applications, contributing to efficiency, sustainability, and product performance across various industries.



DESCRIPTION


Polyacrylamide is a synthetic polymer derived from acrylamide monomers.
Polyacrylamide is a water-soluble polymer with a wide range of industrial and commercial applications.
Polyacrylamide can be produced in various forms, including granules, beads, powders, and gels, depending on its intended use.
Polyacrylamide is commonly used as a flocculant, thickener, binder, and rheology modifier in industries such as wastewater treatment, papermaking, oil recovery, agriculture, textiles, and cosmetics.

In wastewater treatment, polyacrylamide is used as a flocculant to remove suspended solids and contaminants from water, aiding in the clarification and separation processes.
Polyacrylamide helps aggregate fine particles into larger flocs, which can be more easily filtered or settled out of the water.

In the papermaking industry, polyacrylamide is employed as a retention aid and drainage agent to improve the formation and strength of paper products. It enhances the retention of fibers and fillers in the paper sheet, resulting in improved paper quality and increased production efficiency.

Polyacrylamide is a synthetic polymer with a linear chain structure.
Polyacrylamide is composed of repeating units of acrylamide monomers linked together.
Polyacrylamide is typically produced as a white, granular or powdered substance.

Polyacrylamide is odorless and non-toxic, making it safe for various industrial applications.
Polyacrylamide is highly water-soluble and can form clear, viscous solutions in aqueous environments.
The polymer chains of polyacrylamide can vary in length and branching, influencing its properties.

Polyacrylamide has a high molecular weight, contributing to its effectiveness as a flocculant and thickening agent.
Polyacrylamide can exhibit both linear and cross-linked structures, depending on the manufacturing process.
Polyacrylamide is stable under a wide range of pH conditions, making it suitable for diverse applications.

Polyacrylamide has excellent flocculation and coagulation properties, enabling efficient removal of suspended solids from water.
Polyacrylamide is commonly used in wastewater treatment plants to clarify and purify water by aggregating particles for easier separation.
Polyacrylamide is also utilized in the papermaking industry as a retention aid and drainage agent to improve paper quality.

Polyacrylamide enhances the retention of fibers and fillers in paper sheets, resulting in stronger and smoother paper products.
In agriculture, polyacrylamide is applied as a soil conditioner and erosion control agent to improve soil structure and water retention.
Polyacrylamide helps reduce soil erosion, increase water infiltration, and enhance crop yields in agricultural fields.

Polyacrylamide is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in various cosmetic and personal care products.
Polyacrylamide imparts viscosity and texture to lotions, creams, and hair care formulations, improving their consistency and performance.
Polyacrylamide's ability to form strong, flexible films makes it valuable in adhesive and coating applications.

Polyacrylamide is employed in the textile industry as a sizing agent and binder to enhance fabric properties.
Polyacrylamide improves fabric stiffness, durability, and resistance to wrinkles and creases.
In petroleum production, polyacrylamide is used in enhanced oil recovery processes to improve fluid flow and displacement efficiency.
Polyacrylamide reduces friction in pipelines and reservoirs, allowing for better extraction of oil and gas reserves.

Polyacrylamide is also employed in the mining industry for solid-liquid separation and tailings treatment.
Polyacrylamide aids in the dewatering of mineral slurries and the recovery of valuable minerals from ores.
Overall, polyacrylamide is a versatile polymer with a wide range of industrial, environmental, and commercial applications, contributing to various processes and products across different sectors.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: (C3H5NO)n
Molecular Weight: Variable, depending on polymer chain length and structure
Physical State: Typically white, granular, or powdered solid
Odor: Odorless
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Solubility in Other Solvents: Generally insoluble in organic solvents
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: Variable, depending on molecular weight and degree of cross-linking
pH: Neutral to slightly alkaline in aqueous solutions
Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture from the air
Viscosity: Can vary widely depending on concentration and molecular weight
Polymerization: Can undergo free-radical polymerization to form long chains
Cross-Linking: Can be cross-linked to form hydrogels or other network structures



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Seek medical attention promptly, and provide information about the type and duration of exposure.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation persists or if the skin appears damaged, seek medical attention.
Avoid re-contamination of clean skin or clothing with the contaminated material.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with lukewarm water continuously for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek immediate medical attention, and continue flushing the eyes until medical help arrives.
Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable after flushing.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth with water and do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention immediately, and provide information about the quantity ingested and the time of ingestion.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.


General First Aid:

Provide rest and reassurance to the affected person.
Keep the individual warm and comfortable while awaiting medical assistance.
Monitor vital signs such as breathing, pulse, and level of consciousness.
Have the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or product label available for medical personnel.
If medical attention is required, transport the individual to a healthcare facility promptly.


Additional Measures:

For severe exposure or if symptoms worsen, call emergency services immediately.
Do not attempt to treat severe chemical burns or injuries without professional medical assistance.
Follow any specific first aid instructions provided on the product label or Safety Data Sheet.
Provide supportive care as needed, including pain relief and wound management.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing, when handling Polyacrylamide.
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask or respirator, if there is a risk of inhalation of airborne particles.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations of Polyacrylamide dust or vapors.
Avoid generating aerosols or mists of Polyacrylamide by using handling techniques that minimize splashing or agitation.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid skin contact and inhalation of Polyacrylamide dust or vapors.
Use appropriate handling procedures, such as pouring or decanting, to minimize spillage and exposure.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Polyacrylamide, and wash hands thoroughly after handling to prevent accidental ingestion.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Clean up spills immediately to prevent accidental exposure and environmental contamination.
Use absorbent materials, such as vermiculite or sand, to contain and absorb spilled Polyacrylamide.
Avoid direct contact with spilled material and use appropriate PPE during cleanup.
Dispose of contaminated materials according to local regulations and guidelines.


Storage:

Container Selection:
Store Polyacrylamide in tightly sealed containers made of compatible materials, such as plastic or glass.
Ensure containers are labeled with the appropriate hazard warnings and handling instructions.

Temperature and Humidity:
Store Polyacrylamide in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Avoid exposure to high temperatures or humidity, as it may affect the stability and quality of the product.

Compatibility:
Keep Polyacrylamide away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.
Store away from sources of ignition or heat to prevent the risk of fire or spontaneous combustion.

Segregation:
Segregate Polyacrylamide from food, beverages, and animal feed to prevent contamination.
Store away from sources of contamination, such as pesticides, fertilizers, or other chemicals.