Textile, Leather, Paper and Industrial Chemicals

Diethylamine (DEA)
N,N-Diethylamine; N-Ethylethanamine; DEA; DEN; Diaethylamin; Diethamine; Dietilamina; Dwuetyloamina; cas no: 109-89-7
diethylene glycol
Diéthylène-glycol, 2,2'-Oxydiéthanol, 3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol, Diglycol, DEG, cas no : 111-46-6, Synonyme CISMeF : diglycol; 2,2' oxydiéthanol; 3-oxapentane-1,5-diol; diéthylèneglycol; ethylene diglycol; dihydroxy ethyl ether; 2,2'-Oxydiéthanol;Comme dans le cas de l'éthylène glycol, le mélange d'eau et de diéthylène glycol peut être utilisé comme antigel. La température de fusion du mélange est abaissée, ce qui le rend intéressant pour des utilisations dans des climats froids. De plus la température d'ébullition de ce produit étant élevée, plus que dans le cas de l'éthylène glycol, ce mélange est également plus intéressant sous les climats chauds.Il est utilisé : comme plastifiant pour le PVC (polychlorure de vinyle), dans les systèmes de climatisation et les déshumidificateurs.comme désinfectant sous forme d'aérosol.comme agent de dessiccation pour la déshydratation du gaz naturel.2,2' -oxybisethanol. 2,2' -oxybisethanol; diethylene glycol; 2,2'-oxydiethanol Diethylene glycol; Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether; DEG; Diethylene glycol; diethyleneglycol; 2,2' -oksibisetanol (hr); 2,2' -Oksibisetanoli (fi); 2,2' -oxibisetanol (ro); 2,2' -oxietanol (sv); 2,2' -oxydietanol (sk); 2,2'-oksibisetanoldietilenglikolis (lt); 2,2'-oksidietanol (sl); 2,2'-oksydietanol (no); 2,2'-ossidietanolo (it); 2,2'-oxidietanol (es); 2,2'-oxydiethan-1-ol (cs); 2,2'-oxydiethanol (da); 2,2'-oxydiéthanol (fr); 2,2'-οξυδισαιθανόλη (el); 2,2'-оксибисетанол (bg); 2,2`-oksybisetanol (pl); 2,2’-oksibis-etanols (lv); 2,2’-oksübisetanool (et); 2,2’-oxibiszetanol (hu); 2-idrossietil etere (it); diethylenglycol (da); diethylenglykol (cs); dietilen glicol (ro); dietilen glicole (it); dietilen-glikol (hr); dietilenglicol (pt); dietilenglikolis (lt); dietilén-glikol (hu); dietilēnglikols (lv); dietlenglikol (sl); dietylenglykol (no); Dietylieeniglykoli (fi); dietylénglykol (sk); dietüleenglükool (et); diéthylène glycol (fr); glikol dietylenowy (pl); διαιθυλενογλυκόλη (el); диетилен гликол (bg); Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-; (2-hydroxyethoxy) ethan-2-ol; (2-hydroxyethoxy)ethan-2-ol; (2-hydroxyethoxy)ethan-2-ol2,2'-Oxydiethanol2,2-oxydiethanol2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol; DEG; Di-ethylene Glycol; Diethylene Glycol; (DEG)Diethyleneglycol; Diethylenglycol; Diethylenglykol; 2,2''-oxydiethanol; 2,2'- ossidietanolo; 2,2'-DIHYDROXYDIETHYL ETHER; 2,2'-oxybisenthanol; 2,2'-Oxybisethanol; 2,2'-oxydiethano; 2,2'-oxydiethanol; diethylene-glycol; 2,2'Oxybisethanol; 2,2-Oxybisethanol; 2,2-Oxydiethanol; 2,2`-oxybisethanol; 2,2’-Oxybisethanol; 2,2’-oxydiethanol; 2,2′-Oxydiethanol; 2-(2 hydroxyethoxy)ethanol; 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol; 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol); 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol; 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol ; 2.2'-Oxybisethanol; 3-ossa-1,5-pentandiolo; 3-oxopentan-1,5-diol 1.3; Agent T294; Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether; Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether; CH2OHCH2OCH2CH2OH; Di(ethylenglicol); Di-ethylene Glycol; diethylen glycol; Diethylene Glycol (DEG); Diethylene glycol; 2-Hydroxyethyl ether; Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether; Diglycol; DIETHYLENE-GLYCOL; ethan-1,2-diol;glycol ether; Reaction mass of 1309-37-1 and 1317-65-3 and 20344-49-4 and 61791-23-9. s: .beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether; 2,2'-Oxybis[ethano]; 2,2'-Oxybis[ethanol]; 2,2'-Oxyethanol; 2- hydroxyethoxy)ethan-2-ol; 3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol; 3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol; Bis(.beta.-hydroxyethyl) ether; Bis(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)ether; Di Ethylene Glycol; Di ethyleneglycol; Dicol; Diethylene glcyol; DiethyleneGlycolTech; Dietylene glycol; Digenos; Diglycol; diglycol glycol; Digol; Dihydroxyethyl ether; Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis- (9CI); Ethylene diglycol; Glicole Dietilenico; Glycol ethyl ether
Diethylenetriamine ( DETA)
DETA; N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-Ethanediamine; DTA; 2,2'-Diaminodiethylamine; Aminoethylethanediamine; 1,4,7-Triazaheptane; Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine; N-(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine; 3-Azapentane-1,5-diamine; Bis(beta-aminoethyl)amine; 2,2'-Iminobis(ethanamine); 2,2'-Iminobisethylamine; CAS NO: 111-40-0
Diethylenetriamine Penta(methylene Phosphonic Acid) Heptasodium Salt
Diethylenetriamine Penta(methylene Phosphonic Acid) Heptasodium Salt; DTPMP; [[(Phosphonomethyl)imino]]bis[[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis-phosphonic acid; Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene-phosphonic acid) CAS NO: 15827-60-8
Diethylethanolamine ( DEAE)
Diethylaminoethanol; 2-Dietilaminoetanol; 2-Diéthylaminoéthanol; 2-Diethylaminoethanol; 2-Hydroxytriethylamine; 2-N,N-diethylaminoethanol; beta-diethylaminoethanol; beta-hydroxytriethylamine; diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Diethylaminoethanol; Diethylethanolamine; DEAE; N-diethylaminoethanol; N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine; N,N-Diethylethanolamine; N,N-diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl) Amine; CAS NO : 100-37-8
Diethylmethoxyborane
Methoxydiethylborane; DIETHYLMETHOXYBORANE; METHYL DIETHYLBORINATE; Borinic acid, diethyl-, methyl ester; diethyl-borinicacimethylester; methoxydiethylborane,mdeb; methoxydiethylborane,mdeb,intetrahydrofuran; Diethylboron methoxide; Diethyl mathoxy borane; Methoxydiethylborane, in tetrahydrofuran; DIETHYLMETHOXYBORANE, 1.0M SOLUTION IN T ETRAHYDROFURAN; diethylmethoxyborane solution; diethylmethoxyborane, 1m soln in thf; DIETHYLMETHOXYBORANE: 1M SOLUTION IN THF; MDEB; Methoxydiethylborane; DIETHYLISOCYANATOPHOSPHATE; Diethylborinic acid methyl ester; Methoxydiethylboron CAS NO:7397-46-8
Dihydroxyacétone (DHA)
Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; DI(2-Hydroxy-n-propyl) amine; 1,1'-imino-bis(2-propanol); DIPA; 2,2'-dihydroxy-dipropyl-amine; 1,1'-iminodipropan-2-ol; Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; Bis(2-propanol)amine; Dipropyl-2,2'-dihydroxy-amine CAS NO:110-97-4
Diisobutyl amine
N-iso butyl-2-methyl-1-propanamine N-iso butyl-2-methylpropan-1-amine diisobutylamine 2- methyl-N-(2-methylpropyl)-1-propanamine 2- methyl-N-(2-methylpropyl)propan-1-amine bis(2- methylpropyl)amine 1- propanamine, 2-methyl-N-(2-methylpropyl)- CAS Number: 110-96-3
Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP)
Bis(8-methylnonyl) phthalate; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid diisodecyl ester; DIDP; Phthalic acid, diisodecyl ester; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisodecyl ester; Bis(isodecyl) Phthalate; Bis(isodecyl)phthalate; cas no: 26761-40-0
Diisononylamine
Diisononylamin;Di-isonylamine;diisononylamine;N-Isononylisononanamine CAS No.28454-70-8
Diisopropanolamine
Diisopropanolamine; Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; DI(2-Hydroxy-n-propyl) amine; 1,1'-imino-bis(2-propanol); DIPA; 2,2'-dihydroxy-dipropyl-amine; 1,1'-iminodipropan-2-ol; Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; Bis(2-propanol)amine; Dipropyl-2,2'-dihydroxy-amine; CAS NO: 110-97-4
Diisopropyl Adipate
DETA; N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-Ethanediamine; DTA; 2,2'-Diaminodiethylamine; Aminoethylethanediamine; 1,4,7-Triazaheptane; Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine; N-(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine; 3-Azapentane-1,5-diamine; Bis(beta-aminoethyl)amine; 2,2'-Iminobis(ethanamine); 2,2'-Iminobisethylamine; CAS NO: 111-40-0
Diisopropyl Ether
Diethylenetriamine; DETA; N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-Ethanediamine; DTA; 2,2'-Diaminodiethylamine; Aminoethylethanediamine; 1,4,7-Triazaheptane; Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine; N-(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine; 3-Azapentane-1,5-diamine; Bis(beta-aminoethyl)amine; 2,2'-Iminobis(ethanamine); 2,2'-Iminobisethylamine; CAS NO: 111-40-0
Diisopropylamine (DIPA)
Bis(isopropyl)amine; N-(1-methylethyl)-2-propanamine; n,n-Diisopropylamine; DIPA; cas no: 108-18-9
Diisopropyletdylamine (Hunigs Base)
N-Ethyl-N-(1-methylethyl)-2-Propanamine; Hunig's Base; N-Ethyldiisopropylamine; Diisopropylethylamine; DIEA; Diisopropyl Ethyl Amine; 3-METHYL-1-BUTINE-3-OL; DIEA; DIISOPROPYLETHYLAMINE; DIPEA; edia; ETHYLDIISOPROPYLAMINE; HUENIGS BASE; N-ETHYLDIISOPROPYLAMINE; N-ETHYLDISSOPROPLYAMINE; N,N'-DIISOPROPYLETHYLAMINE; N,N-DIISOPROPYLETHYLAMINE; (CH3)2CHN(C2H5)CH(CH3)2; 1,1’-Dimethyltriethylamine; 1,1'-Dimethyltriethylamine; 2-Propanamine, N-ethyl-N-(1-methylethyl)-; 2-Propanamine,N-ethyl-N-(1-methylethyl)- CAS NO:7087-68-5
Dimetdyl aminopropionitrile
2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL CYANIDE; 2-Dimthylaminoethyl cyanide; 3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPIONITRILE; 3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPIONONITRILE; BETA-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPIONITRILE; β-(Dimethylamino)propionitrile; DMAPN; 3-(dimethylamino)-propanenitril; 3-(Dimethylamino)propanenitrile; 3-(dimethylamino)-Propanenitrile; 3-(dimethylamino)-propionitril; 3-(N,N-Dimethylamino)propionitrile; 3-dimethylaminopropannitril; 3-Dimethylaminopropanonitrile; beta-(N-Dimethylamino)propionitrile; beta-n-dimethylaminopropionitrile; Cyanogum41catalyst; N,N-(Dimethylamino)-3-propionitrile; n,n-dimethylamino-3-propionitrile; Propionitrile, 3-(dimethylamino)- CAS NO:1738-25-6
Dimetdyl aminopropylamine
DMAPA; DMPDA; NSC 1067; U-CAT 2000; -Dimethylamino; FENTAMINE DMAPA; amino)-1-propyL; H2N(CH2)3N(CH3)2; RARECHEM AL BW 0072; imethylaminopropylamine; 1-(Dimethylamino)-3-aminopropane; 1,3-propanediamine,N,N-dimethyl-; 1-dimethylamino-3-aminopropane; 3-(Dimethylamino)-1-propanamine; 3-(n,n-dimethylamino)-propylamin; 3-Amino-1-(dimethylamino)propane; 3-Propanediamine,N,N-dimethyl-1; -Dimethylamino CAS NO:109-55-7
Dimetdyl propylene urea
1,3-Dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone; 1,3-DIMETHYL-2-OXOHEXAHYDROPYIRIMIDINE; 1,3-DIMETHYL-3,4,5,6-TETRAHYDRO-2(1H)-PYRIMIDINONE; 1,3-DIMETHYL-PROPYLENEUREA; 1,3-DIMETHYLTETRAHYDRO-2-PYRIMIDINONE; DIMETHYL(1,3-)-3,4,5,6-TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRIMIDONE; DIMETHYLPROPYLENE UREA; DMPU; LABOTEST-BB LT00848352; N,N'-DIMETHYL-N,N'-TRIMETHYLENEUREA; N,N'-DIMETHYLPROPYLENEUREA; 1,3-dimethyl-perhydro-2-pyrimidinone; 1,3-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-2-one; n,n’-dimethyltrimethyleneurea; tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2(1h)pyrimidine; tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2(1h)-pyrimidinon; 1,3-Dimethyl-2-oxohexahydropyrimidine; 1,3-Dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one; tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrimidin-2-one; N,N'-Dimethyl-N,N'-trimethyleneurea (DMPU); 1,3-DIMETHYL-3,4,5,6-TETRAHYDRO-2(1H)-PY RIMIDINONE ABS. CAS NO:7226-23-5
Dimetdylamine HCl
Dimethylammonium chloride; Hydrochloric acid dimethylamine; DIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; METHANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; hydrochloricaciddimethylamine; Methanamine,N-methyl-,hydrochloride; n-methylmethanaminehydrochloride; n-methyl-methanaminhydrochloride; Dimethylammonium chioride; DimethylAmmoniumChlorideForSynthesis; Dodecylpyridinehydrochloride; Dimethylaminehydrochloride,98+%; Dimethylammoniumchlorid CAS NO:506-59-2
Dimetdylaminopropyl chloride HCl
1-(DIMETHYLAMINO)-2-CHLOROPROPANE HYDROCHLORIDE; 1-DIMETHYLAMINO-2-PROPYL CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE; 1-DIMETHYL AMINOISOPROPYL CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE; 2-CHLORO-1-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPANE HYDROCHLORIDE; 2 CHLORO-N,N-DIMETHYLPROPANAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; 2-CHLORO-N,N-DIMETHYLPROPYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; 2-CHLOROPROPYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; 2-DIMETHYLAMINO ISOPROPYL CHLORIDE HCL; 2-DIMETHYLAMINOISOPROPYL CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE; 2-DMPC; B-DIMETHYLAMINOISOPROPYL CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE; BETA-DIMETHYLAMINOISOPROPYL CHLORIDE HCL; BETA-DIMETHYLAMINOISOPROPYL CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE; CHLORO(2-)N,N-DIMETHYLPROPYLAMINE HCL; DMIC; N-(2-CHLORO-PROPYL)DIMETHYLAMINE; N-(2-Chloropropyl)dimethylamine hydrochloride; N-(2-CHLOROPROPYL)-N,N-DIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; 1-Chloro-3-(N,N-dimethyl)aminopropanehydrochloride; 1-Chloro-3-dimethylaminopropane,hydrochloride CAS NO:5407-04-5
Dimetdylaniline
Xylidine; N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine; Dimethylphylamine; DMA; N,N-dimethylaniline; (Dimethylamino)Benzene; N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine; Dwumetyloanilina; acetdimethylamide; ACETIC ACID DIMETHYLAMIDE; ACETYL DIMETHYLAMINE; AKOS BBS-00004263; AKOS BBS-00004374; AMINODIMETHYLBENZENE; DIMETHYL ACETAMIDE; DIMETHYLAMINOBENZENE; DIMETHYLPHENYLAMINE; DMA; DMAC; LABOTEST-BB LT00782487; N-ACETYLDIMETHYLAMINE; N,N-DIMETHYLACETAMIDE; N,N-DIMETHYLACETATE; u-5954; Aniline, N,N-dimethyl-; Benzenamine,N,N-dimethyl-; Dimethylanilin; Dimethylaniline,N-N-dimethylphenylamine CAS NO:121-69-7
Dimetdylbenzyl amine
BDMA; Benzyl dimethylamine; Benzenemethanamine; N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine; N-Benzyldimethylamine; N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine; N,N'-Dimethylbenzylamine; N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine; AURORA KA-7522; BENZYLDIETHYLAMINE; N-BENZYLDIETHYLAMINE; N,N-DIETHYLBENZYLAMINE; Araldite accelerator 062; aralditeaccelerator062; Benzenemethamine, N,N-dimethyl-; Benzenemethanamine,N,N-dimethyl-; Benzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-; Benzyl-N,N-dimethylamine; Dabco B-16; N-(Phenylmethyl)dimethylamine; N,N-Dimethyl(phenyl)methanamine; n,n-dimethyl-benzenemethanamin; n,n-dimethyl-benzylamin; N,N-Dimethyl-N-benzylamine; Pentamin BDMA etc; Sumine 2015; sumine2015; Dimethylbenzylamine,98% CAS NO:103-83-3
Dimetdylbutylamine
N,N-Dimethylaminobutane; DIMETHYLBUTYLAMINE; N-BUTYLDIMETHYLAMINE; N-N-BUTYLDIMETHYLAMINE; N,N-DIMETHYLAMINOBUTANE; N,N-DIMETHYLBUTYLAMINE; N,N-DIMETHYL-N-BUTYLAMINE; 1-Butanamine,N,N-dimethyl-; ar84996; Butylamine, N,N-dimethyl-; Butyldimethylamine; butyl-dimethyl-amine; n,n-dimethyl-1-butanamin; N,N-Dimethyl-1-butanamine; n,n-dimethyl-butylamin; n-C4H9N(CH3)2; N,N-Dimethylaminobutane, 99+%; N,N-Dimethyl; DIMETHYL-N-BUTYLAMINE; (Dimethylamino)butane; 1-(N,N-Dimethylamino)butane CAS NO:927-62-8
Dimetdylisopropylamine
N,N-Dimethyl-2-propanamine; N,N,1-Trimethylethylamine; N,N-dimetilisopropilamina; Isopropyldimethylamine; 2-Dimethylaminopropane; N,N-DIMETHYLISOPROPYLAMINE; ATOFINA DMIPA; N-ISOPROPYLDIMETHYLAMINE; N,N-DIMETHYLISOPROPYLAMINE; (CH3)2(i-C3H7)N; 2-Dimethylaminopropane; 2-Propanamine,N,N-dimethyl-; Dimethylisopropylamine; dimethyl-isopropyl-amine; DMIPA; Ethylamine, N,N,1-trimethyl-; Isopropyldimethylamine; Isopropyl-dimethyl-amine; n,n-dimethyl-2-propanamin; N,N-Dimethyl-2-propanamine; N,N-DIMETHYLISOPROPYLAMINE(ATOFINA DMIPA), 99+%; N,N-Dimethylisopropylamin; N,N-DIMETHYLPROPAN-2-AMINE CAS NO:996-35-0
Dimethicone 100,350,1000
DIMETHICONE, N° CAS : 63148-62-9 / 9006-65-9 / 9016-00-6 - Diméthicone ou Polydiméthylsiloxane, Autres langues : Dimethicon, Dimeticona, Dimeticone, Nom INCI : DIMETHICONE, Nom chimique : Dimethicone, Additif alimentaire : E900, Classification : Silicone. Le diméthicone nommé aussi PDMS est un silicone qui n'est soumis à aucune restriction européenne. C'est aussi le silicone le plus utilisé dans les produits cosmétiques. Son rôle est de produire un film de surface autour du cheveu et sur la peau, pour les protéger ensuite (effet occlusif, avec ce que cela peut impliquer). Il apporte aussi de la douceur aux produits et rend agréable l'utilisation de crèmes et de shampoings. C'est un peu "le couteau Suisse du chimiste" : on l'utilise un peu à toutes les sauces, pour rendre les produits plus brillants, plus agréables et donc plus vendeurs, ou encore pour venir compenser l'effet desséchant de certains ingrédients comme les tensioactifs.Ses fonctions (INCI): Anti-moussant : Supprime la mousse lors de la fabrication / réduit la formation de mousse dans des produits finis liquides. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Agent de protection de la peau : Aide à éviter les effets néfastes des facteurs externes sur la peau
Diméthicone ou Polydiméthylsiloxane
DMC; Methyl carbonate; Carbonic acid dimethyl ester CAS NO: 616-38-6
Dimethyaminopropylamine (DMAPA)
SYNONYMS N,N-Dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane;(Dimethylamino)propylamine; 1-Amino-3-Dimethylaminopropane; N,N-Dimethyl-N- (3-aminopropyl)amine; 3-(Dimethylamino)propylamine; N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine; 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propylamine; CAS NO:109-55-7
Dimethyl 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylate
SYNONYMS POLYLINK DETDA;Benzenediamine, ar,ar-diethyl-ar-methyl-;Diethyltoluylendiamin;ar,ar-diethyl-ar-methyl-benzenediamin;ar,ar-diethyl-ar-methylbenzenediamine;ar,ar-diethyl-ar-methyl-Benzenediamine;diethyl tolamine;Amino-(diethylamino)-toluene, isomer mixture;DETDA;Diethylmethylbenzenediamine;Diethyltoluenediamine;Devcon Flexane 80 Putty Curing Agent;3,5-Diethyltoluene-2,4/2,6-diamine Cas no :68479-98-1
Dimethyl acetamide
DMAc; Acetic Acid, Dimethylamide; Dimethyl Acetamide; Acetyldimethylamine; Dimethylamid Kyseliny Octove (Czech); N,N-Dimethylacetamid (German); N,N-Dimetilacetamida (Spanish); N,N-dimethylacétamide (French); cas no: 127-19-5
Dimethyl acetoacetamide (DMAA)
N,N-Dimethyl-3-oxobutyramide; DMAA cas no: 2044-64-6
Dimethyl Adipate
mino-(diethylamino)-toluene; isomer mixture; POLYLINK DETDA; Benzenediamine, ar,ar-diethyl-ar-methyl-; Diethyltoluylendiamin; ar,ar-diethyl-ar-methyl-benzenediamin; ar,ar-diethyl-ar-methylbenzenediamine; ar,ar-diethyl-ar-methyl-Benzenediamine; diethyl tolamine; Amino-(diethylamino)-toluene, isomer mixture; DETDA; Diethylmethylbenzenediamine; Diethyltoluenediamine; Devcon Flexane 80 Putty Curing Agent; 3,5-Diethyltoluene-2,4/2,6-diamine CAS NO:68479-98-1
Dimethyl Carbonate
DMC; Methyl carbonate; Carbonic acid dimethyl ester; Dimethyl carbonate( 99%, HyDry, Water≤50 ppm (by K.F.)); Dimethyl carbonate( 99%, HyDry, with molecular sieves, Water≤50 ppm (by K.F.)); CH3OCOOCH3; Dimethyl ester of carbonic acid; Methyl carbonate ((MeO)2CO); Carbonic acid hydrogen methyl ester; Methoxyformic acid; Methoxymethanoic acid CAS NO:616-38-6
Dimethyl carbonate (DMC)
DMC; Methyl carbonate; Carbonic acid dimethyl ester; cas no: 616-38-6
Dimethyl Formamide
DMF; N,N-Dimethylmethanamide; Formic acid dimethylamide; N,N-Dimethylformamide;N-Formyldimethylamine; Dimethylamid kyseliny mravenci (Czech); Dimethylformamid (German); Dimetilformamide (Italian) N,N-Dimetilformamida (Spanish); DMF; Dwumetyloformamid (Polish) CAS NO: 68-12-2
Dimethyl glutarate
Dimethyl Phosphite; Phosphonic acid, dimethyl ester; Dimethyl hydrogen phosphite CAS NO: 868-85-9
Dimethyl Malonate
Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; DI(2-Hydroxy-n-propyl) amine; 1,1'-imino-bis(2-propanol); DIPA; 2,2'-dihydroxy-dipropyl-amine; 1,1'-iminodipropan-2-ol; Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine; Bis(2-propanol)amine; Dipropyl-2,2'-dihydroxy-amine; DIPA NF;dipa(alcohol);IMINODIPROPANOL; Diisopropanolamin; DIISOPROPANOLAMINE; DI-2-PROPANOLAMINE; Bis(2-propanol)amine; DIPA commercial grade; 1,1'-Imino-2-propanol; 1,1-IMINODI-2-PROPANOL CAS NO:110-97-4
Dimethyl Phosphite
DIMETHYL SUCCINATE, N° CAS : 106-65-0, Nom INCI : DIMETHYL SUCCINATE, Nom chimique : Dimethyl succinate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-419-9. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état.Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
Dimethyl succinate
Methanesulfinylmethane; Methyl sulfoxide; Dimethyl(oxido)sulfur; DMSO; Methylsulfinylmethane; Dimethyl sulfoxyde; Sulfinylbis(methane); Dimetil sulfóxido (Spanish); Diméthylsulfoxyde (French) CAS NO: 67-68-5
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Methanesulfinylmethane; Methyl sulfoxide; Dimethyl(oxido)sulfur; DMSO; Methylsulfinylmethane; Dimethyl sulfoxyde; Sulfinylbis(methane); Dimetil sulfóxido (Spanish); Diméthylsulfoxyde (French) CAS NO: 67-68-5
Dimethyl sulphone
2-Dimethylaminoethanol; Dimethylethanolamine; DIMETHYL MEA, N° CAS : 108-01-0, Nom INCI : DIMETHYL MEA, Nom chimique : 2-Dimethylaminoethanol; N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-542-8, Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Principaux synonymes. Noms français :(2-HYDROXYETHYL)DIMETHYLAMINE; (DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL; 2-(N,N-DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL; BETA-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL; BETA-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL ALCOHOL; BETA-HYDROXYETHYLDIMETHYLAMINE; DIMETHYL(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; DIMETHYLMONOETHANOLAMINE; Diméthylamino-2 éthanol; Diméthyléthanolamine; DMEA; Ethanol, 2-dimethylamino-; ETHANOL, 2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)-; N,N,-DIMETHYL(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; N,N-DIMETHYL-2-AMINOETHANOL; N,N-DIMETHYL-N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; N,N-DIMETHYL-N-(BETA-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE; N,N-DIMETHYLETHANOLAMINE; N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)DIMETHYLAMINE Noms anglais : 2-Dimethylaminoethanol Dimethylethanolamine Utilisation: Fabrication de produits pharmaceutiques et de produits organiques. 108-01-0 [RN] 1209235 [Beilstein] 2-(Dimethylamino)-1-ethanol 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol [German] 2-(Diméthylamino)éthanol [French] 203-542-8 [EINECS] 2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL 2-Dwumetyloaminoetanolu [Polish] 2N6K9DRA24 4-11-00-00122 [Beilstein] Deanol [Wiki] Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine Dimethyl(hydroxyethyl)amine Dimethylaethanolamin [German] Dimethylaminoaethanol [German] DMAE DMEA Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)- [ACD/Index Name] KK6125000 MFCD00002846 [MDL number] N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol N,N-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine N,N-Dimethylethanolamine N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine N,N-Dimethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amine UNII-2N6K9DRA24 β-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol β-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine (2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH (Dimethylamino)ethanol 116134-09-9 alternate RN [RN] 2-(Dimethylamino) ethanol 2-(dimethylamino)ethan-1-ol 2-(Dimethylamino)-ethanol 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethanol 2-Dimethylamino ethanol 2-Dimethylamino-ethanol Amietol M 21 Bimanol Demanol Dimethylaminoethanol [Wiki] Dimethylethanoiamine Dimethylethanolamine [Wiki] Dimethylmonoethanolamine Kalpur P Liparon N-(Dimethylamino)ethanol N,N-Dimethyl ethanolamine N,N-Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine N,N-dimethylaminoethanol N,N'-Dimethylethanolamine N,N-Dimethyl-N-(β -hydroxyethyl)amine N,N-Dimethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amine N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethanolamine N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethanolamine. N,N-Dimethyl-β -hydroxyethylamine N,N-Dimethyl-β-hydroxyethylamine N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-tyrosine N-dimethyl aminoethanol N-Dimethylaminoethanol Norcholine Propamine A Q2N1 & 1 [WLN] Texacat DME UN 2051 Varesal β -(dimethylamino)ethanol β -(dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol β -dimethylaminoethyl alcohol β -hydroxyethyldimethylamine β-(Dimethylamino)ethanol β-(Dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol β-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol β-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine
Dimethylacetamide
DMAc; Acetic Acid, Dimethylamide; Dimethyl Acetamide; Acetyldimethylamine; Dimethylamid Kyseliny Octove (Czech); N,N-Dimethylacetamid (German); N,N-Dimetilacetamida (Spanish); N,N-dimethylacétamide (French); cas no :127-19-5
Dimethylamine
SynonymsDMA-40;DMA-60;DMA-65;(CH3)2NH;ai3-15638-x;Dimethylamin;DIMETHYLAMINE;Dimethylamine (I);DiMethylaMine aq;N-Methylmethanamin CAS No.124-40-3
Dimethylamino ethoxyethanol
2-(2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy)ethanol; 2-[2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHOXY]ETHANOL; 2-(2-Dimethylaminoethoxy)ethanol; Dimethylaminoethoxyethanol cas no :1704-62-7
Dimethylaminoethoxyethanol
Adipic acid, dimethyl ester; Dimethyl Adipate; Dimethyl hexanedioate; Methyl Adipate; 1,6-Dimethylhexanedioate; Dimethyl ester of hexanedioic acid; dbe-6; DIBASICESTERS; Dimethyladipat; Adipic acid-di; DIMETHYL ADIPATE; AKOS BBS-00004546; DBE 6 DIBASIC ESTER; Adipic acid dimethyl; DIMETHYL HEXANEDIOATE;DIMETHYL ADIPATE PURE CAS NO:627-93-0
Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate
,3:2,4-Bis(3,4-dimethylobenzylideno) sorbitol; D-Glucitol, 1,3:2,4-bis-O-[(3,4-dimethylphenyl)methylene]-; 1,3:2,4-bis-o-(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol CAS NO:135861-56-2
Dimethylethanolamine
SYNONYMS 2-(Dimethylamino)Ethanol; N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethanolamine; N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol; beta-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol; beta-hydroxyethyldimethylamine; Ddimethylaminoethanol; Deanol; Dimethylethanolamine; Dimethylaminoaethanol (German); N,N-Dimethyl-2-Hydroxyethylamine; N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol; N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Cas no: 108-01-0
dimethylformamide
N,N'-Dimethylurea; symmetric Dimethylurea;N,N'-Dimethylharnstoff (German); Urea, 1,3-dimethyl-; DMU; 1,3-Dimetilurea (Spanish); 1,3-Diméthylurée (French); CAS NO: 96-31-1
Dimethylolbutanoic Acid
DMF; N,N-Dimethylmethanamide; Formic acid dimethylamide; N,N-Dimethylformamide;N-Formyldimethylamine; Dimethylamid kyseliny mravenci (Czech); Dimethylformamid (German); Dimetilformamide (Italian) N,N-Dimetilformamida (Spanish); DMF; Dwumetyloformamid (Polish) CAS NO: 68-12-2
Dimethylolpropionic Acid
DMF; N,N-Dimethylmethanamide; Formic acid dimethylamide; N,N-Dimethylformamide;N-Formyldimethylamine; Dimethylamid kyseliny mravenci (Czech); Dimethylformamid (German); Dimetilformamide (Italian) N,N-Dimetilformamida (Spanish); DMF; Dwumetyloformamid (Polish) CAS NO: 68-12-2
Dimethylpiperazine
SYNONYMS 1,4-Dimethyl-piperazine CAS NO:106-58-1
Dimethylurea
Dioctyl hexanedioate; Di-n-octyl adipate CAS NO:123-79-5
Di-n-propylamine
N-propyl-1-propanamine; Di-normal-propylamine; Dipropylamine; N,N-dipropylamine; n-dipropylamine; DNPA; AURORA KA-7671; DI-N-PROPYLAMINE; DIPROPYLAMINE; DNPA; DPA; LABOTEST-BB LTBB000411; n,n-dipropylamine; N-Propyl-1-propanamine; N-PROPYL-PROPANAMINE; (n-C3H7)2NH; 1-propanamine,n-propyl; 1-propanamine,n-propyl-; ai3-24037; di(1-propyl)amine; Dipropanamine; N-Dipropylamine; n-propyl-1-propanamin; N-propyl-propylamine; Rcra waste number U110; rcrawastenumberu110 CAS NO:142-84-7
Di-N-propylamine (DNPA)
N-propyl-1-propanamine; Di-normal-propylamine; Dipropylamine; N,N-dipropylamine; n-dipropylamine; DNPA cas no: 142-84-7
Dioctyl Adipate
DICAPRYLYL MALEATE, N° CAS : 2915-53-9, Nom INCI : DICAPRYLYL MALEATE, Nom chimique : Dioctyl maleate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 220-835-6. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
Dioctyl maleate
DICAPRYL SUCCINATE, N° CAS : 14491-66-8, Nom INCI : DICAPRYL SUCCINATE, Nom chimique : dioctyl succinate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 238-499-4, Ses fonctions (INCI): Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien des ongles : Améliore les caractéristiques esthétiques des ongles. Agent plastifiant : Adoucit et rend souple une autre substance qui autrement ne pourrait pas être facilement déformée, dispersée ou être travaillée. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. 14491-66-8 [RN] 238-499-4 [EINECS] Butanedioic acid, dioctyl ester [ACD/Index Name] DICAPRYL SUCCINATE Dioctyl butanedioate Dioctyl succinate Dioctyl-succinat [German] Succinate de dioctyle [French] Succinic acid, dioctyl ester 1,4-DIOCTYL BUTANEDIOATE 14491-66-8; 2915-57-3 butanedioic acid dioctyl ester Di-octyl succinate dioctylsuccinate EINECS 238-499-4 succinic acid dioctyl ester
Dioctyl Sebacate
Methylsulfinylmethane; Dimethyl sulfoxyde; Methyl sulfoxide; DMSO; Sulfinylbis(methane); Dimetil sulfóxido (Spanish); Diméthylsulfoxyde (French); cas no : 67-68-5
dioctyl succinate
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate; AOT; Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt; DOSS; Docusate sodium CAS Number 577-11-7
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate
CHLORINE DIOXIDE, N° CAS : 10049-04-4 - Dioxyde de chlore, Nom INCI : CHLORINE DIOXIDE, Additif alimentaire : E926, Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes, Déodorant : R��duit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables. Noms français : BIOXIDE DE CHLORE;BIOXYDE DE CHLORE; Chlore, dioxyde de; Chlorine dioxide; Dioxyde de chlore. Noms anglais : CHLORIDE DIOXIDE; Chlorine dioxide; CHLORINE DIOXYDE. Utilisation: Le dioxyde de chlore est surtout utilisé en tant qu'agent blanchissant dans l'industrie des pâtes et papiers, où il remplace de plus en plus le chlore pour des raisons écologiques. Il se retrouve aussi dans plusieurs autres applications, bien que son usage y soit plus restreint: dans le blanchissement de fibres textiles comme désinfectant dans plusieurs usines d'eau potable dans l'industrie alimentaire pour le contrôle des microbes dans les champs pétrolifères pour enlever des biofilms, contrôler les odeurs ou neutraliser certains composés. Alcide Anthium dioxcide Chlorine dioxide chlorine dioxide ... % Chlorine dioxide generated from sodium chlorite and sodium bisulphate Chlorine dioxide generated from sodium chlorite by electrolysis chlorine dioxide Chlorine oxide Chlorine oxide (ClO2) Chlorine peroxide Chlorine(IV) oxide Chloroperoxyl Chloryl radical Doxcide 50 Purite Translated names chloordioxide (nl) chloordioxide ... % (nl) chlordioxid (da) chlordioxid ... % (da) chloro dioksidas (lt) chloro dioksidas ... % (lt) diossido di cloro (it) diossido di cloro . . . % (it) dioxid de clor (mt) dioxid de clor….% (mt) dioxyde de chlore (fr) dioxyde de chlore à ... % (fr) ditlenek chloru (pl) ditlenek chloru. . . % (pl) dióxido de cloro (es) dióxido de cloro . . . % (es) dióxido de cloro a ... % (pt) hlora dioksīds (lv) hlora dioksīds . . . % (lv) kloordioksiid (et) kloordioksiid, . . . % (et) Klooridioksidi (fi) Klooridioksidi . . . % (fi) klordioksid (no) klordioksid … % (no) klordioxid (sv) klorov dioksid (hr) klorov dioksid . . . % (sl) klorov dioksid ... % (hr) klorxid . . . % (sv) klór-dioxid (hu) klór-dioxid ...% (oldat) (hu) oxid chloričitý (cs) oxid chloričitý ... % (sk) oxid chloričitý ...% (cs) διοξείδιο του χλωρίου (el) διοξείδιο του χλωρίου . . . % (el) хлорен диоксид (bg) хлорен диоксид ... % (bg) anthium dioxide Chlorine Dioxide (or dioxygen chloride) chlorine dioxide aqueous solution Chlorine dioxide solution Chlorine dioxide water solution chlorous acid; Chlorine dioxide [Wiki] 10049-04-4 [RN] Chloranyl, dioxido- [ACD/Index Name] Chlorosyloxidanyl chlorosyloxy ClO2(.) Dioxido-λ5-chloranyl Dioxido-λ5-chloranyl [German] Dioxydo-λ5-chloranyl [French] Alcide chlorine oxide chlorine peroxide Chlorine(IV) oxide chloroperoxyl dioxidochlorine(.) dioxido-λ(5)-chloranyl Doxcide 50 O2Cl(.)
Dioctyl Terephthalate
cas no: 6864-37-5 4,4-Methylenebis(2-methylcyclohexylamine); 2,2-dimethyl-4,4-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine); di(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane; 3,3'-Dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane; 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(1-AMINO-2-METHYLCYCLOHEXANE);
Dioxane Anhydous
2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric acid; Bis-MBA; DMBA; alpha,alpha-Bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric acid CAS NO: 10097-02-6
Dioxyde de chlore ( chlorine dioxide)
Numéro CAS : 13463-67-7; Bioxyde de titane; BIOXYDE DE TITANE RUTILE; Dioxyde de titane; DIOXYDE DE TITANE RUTILE; Titane, dioxyde de. Noms anglais : TITANIA DIOXIDE; TITANIA, DIOXIDE; TITANIC ANHYDRIDE; TITANIC OXIDE; Titanium dioxide; TITANIUM DIOXIDE (AS TI). Utilisation: Fabrication de peintures, colorantLe dioxyde de titane ou oxyde de titane(IV) est composé d’oxygène et de titane de formule TiO2. Il donne un aspect plus blanc au savon. diooxotitanium dioxo titanium; Dioxotitanium; Dwutlenek tytanu, ditlenek tytanu; Oxid titaničitý; R_JS_Dossier_Titanium_Dioxide; Rutile (TiO2); Tiitanium Dioxide; TiO2; TiO2-R;Titandioxid (in the form of Rutile Sand) 13463-67-7; titania in 1-methoxy-2-propanol; Titanium dioxide TiO2; titanium dioxide white; Titanium Dioxide, Anatase, Rutile; Titanium oxide; Titanium(IV) Oxide ;Titanium(IV)oxide; Titannium dioxide; Titaum dioxide. Le dioxyde de titane ou oxyde de titane (IV) est un composé d'oxygène et de titane de formule TiO2 présent dans la nature, et fabriqué industriellement.Nom UICPA: Dioxyde de titane. Synonymes : C.I. 77891; C.I. Pigment White 6. No CAS 13463-67-7 (rutile), 1317-70-0 (anatase) Le dioxyde de titane est le pigment blanc PW6 du Colour Index, utilisé aussi fréquemment comme opacifiant pour les peintures et de nombreux autres produits. Le dioxyde de titane est un photocatalyseur de réactions chimiques utilisées dans la dépollution. Non toxique, il pourrait être nuisible aux organismes vivants sous sa forme nanoparticulaire, utilisée notamment pour des crèmes solaires. Il est autorisé dans les cosmétiques et dans les aliments, sauf en France où il sera interdit dans l'industrie alimentaire dès 2020.
Dioxyde de Titane ( Titanium oxide (TiO2))
CAS : 138-86-3, Dipentène ou d,l-Limonène, Limonène, (+-)-Limonène, p-Mentha-1,8-diène, Cajeputène, Cinène, 1-Méthyl-4- isopropényl-1-cyclohexène, 1-Méthyl-4-(1-méthylvinyl)cyclohexène,(R)-Limonène, (+)-Limonène, (R)-p-Mentha-1,8-diène, Carvène, (S)-Limonène, (-)-Limonène, (S)-p-Mentha-1,8-diène. d-Limonène: CAS :5989-27-5, l-Limonène: CAS: 5989-54-8. Noms français : 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)CYCLOHEXENE 1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPENYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE 4-ISOPROPENYL-1-METHYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE CAJEPUTENE CINENE CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)- Dipentène DL-1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPENYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE DL-ISOPROPENYL-4 METHYL-1 CYCLOHEXENE DL-LIMONENE ISOPROPENYL-4 METHYL-1 CYCLOHEXENE LIMONENE (DL-) LIMONENE (MELANGE D'ISOMERES) Limonène P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE Noms anglais : 1,8(9)-P-MENTHADIENE DELTA-1,8-TERPODIENE Dipentene DL-P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE INACTIVE LIMONENE Limonene LIMONENE (MIXED ISOMERS) Utilisation et sources d'émission Solvant de résines, agent de saveur
Dipentène
DIPOTASSIUM OXALATE, N° CAS : 583-52-8. Nom INCI : DIPOTASSIUM OXALATE. Nom chimique : Dipotassium oxalate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 209-506-8, Ses fonctions (INCI): Anticorrosif : Empêche la corrosion de l'emballage. Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques
Diphenyl Carbonate
cas no: 117-84-0 Di-sec-octyl phthalate; DOP; Bis(2-Etheylexyl) Phthalate; Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate; Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester; Octoil; Ethyl hexyl phthalate; 2-Ethylhexyl phthalate; Di-sec-octyl phthalate; DEHP; Octyl phthalate; phthalic acid dioctyl ester; BEHP;
Dipotassium oxalate
Dipotassium Phosphate; Phosphoric acid, dipotassium salt; Dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate; Dipotassium hydrogenphosphate; Potassium phosphate, dibasic; Potassium hydrogen phosphate; cas no: 7758-11-4
Dipotassium Phosphate
dipropylene glycol; Oxybispropanol; Di-sec-alcohol; Bis(2-hydroxy-propyl)ether; cas no: 25265-71-8
Dipropylamine
SYNONYMS N-propyl-1-propanamine; Di-normal-propylamine; Dipropylamine; N,N-dipropylamine; n-dipropylamine; DNPA CAS NO. 142-84-7
Dipropylamine (DPA)
DIPROPYLAMINE; Di-n-propylamine; n-Dipropylamine; 1-Propanamine, cas no: 142-84-7
DİPROPYLENE GLYCOL DİBENZOATE
Dibenzoate Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is a widely used plasticizer that has ether linkages linked with two benzoate groups his product is a transparent oily liquid of colorless to yellow.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, insoluble in water.
Dipropylene Glycol Dibenzoate is useful in applications such as latex caulks, adhesive, and sealants, coatings and vinyl plastisols.

EINECS/ List number: 248-258-5
CAS number: 27138-31-4
Molecular Formula: C20H22O5
Molecular Weight: 342.39

Dipropylene Glycol Dibenzoate is a polar, high-solvating plasticizer.
Dipropylene Glycol Dibenzoate is useful in applications such as latex caulks, adhesive, and sealants, coatings and vinyl plastisols. is compatible with a wide range of polar polymers and rubbers.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is a highly soluble benzoate plasticizer, and its main component is dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is a chemical compound that belongs to the family of dibenzoate esters.
Dipropylene Glycol Dibenzoate is useful in applications such as latex caulks, adhesive, and sealants, coatings and vinyl plastisols.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is formed through the esterification reaction between dipropylene glycol and benzoic acid.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is commonly used as a plasticizer in various applications, primarily in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and other polymers.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is primarily used as a plasticizer, which means it is added to polymers to improve their flexibility, durability, and workability.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps to reduce brittleness and increases the overall flexibility of the material.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds significant use in the production of PVC-based products such as vinyl flooring, cables, hoses, and synthetic leather.
By incorporating Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, the PVC materials become more pliable and easier to process during manufacturing.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is known for its low volatility, which means it has a minimal tendency to evaporate at normal temperatures.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate makes it suitable for applications where long-term stability and low migration are required.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate offers good stability and resistance to heat, light, and oxidation, ensuring the longevity of the materials it is incorporated into.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps prevent the degradation of polymers, thereby extending their lifespan.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is considered to be a relatively safe and environmentally friendly plasticizer compared to some other alternatives.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has low toxicity and does not pose significant risks to human health or the environment when used as directed.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is essential to handle dipropylene glycol dibenzoate with proper safety precautions and follow the recommended guidelines provided by the manufacturer or relevant regulatory agencies.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is an ester compound that is formed by the reaction between dipropylene glycol (a type of glycol) and benzoic acid (an aromatic carboxylic acid). Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is commonly used as a plasticizer in various industries.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is added to polymer materials, such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride), to increase their flexibility, improve their processing characteristics, and enhance their overall performance.
Plasticizers like Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate help to reduce the brittleness of polymers and make them more pliable and easier to handle during manufacturing.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate enhances the flexibility and elasticity of polymers, allowing them to be easily shaped, molded, or extruded into desired forms.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate provides stability to the polymer materials, preventing them from becoming brittle or susceptible to cracking over time.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate improves the durability and lifespan of the end products.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has low volatility, meaning it has a minimal tendency to evaporate at normal temperatures.
This property ensures that the plasticizer remains in the polymer matrix, reducing the risk of migration and maintaining the desired properties of the material.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits good heat resistance, which is crucial for applications that involve exposure to elevated temperatures.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is often selected as a plasticizer due to its relatively low toxicity and environmental impact compared to some other alternatives, however, as with any chemical substance, it is important to handle and dispose of Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate properly, following recommended guidelines and regulations.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate serves as a plasticizer that improves the performance and workability of polymers, particularly PVC, in various industries such as construction, automotive, and consumer goods.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is regulated by various authorities depending on the country or region.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is generally considered safe for use in approved applications when handled and used according to recommended guidelines.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is compatible with many polymers, it may not be suitable for all applications.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is always recommended to perform compatibility tests and consult technical data sheets or manufacturers' recommendations before using Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate as a plasticizer.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Proper ventilation is necessary, and containers should be tightly sealed. It is important to follow safety precautions, including wearing appropriate protective equipment when handling Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.

Boiling point: 232 °C5 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.12 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.528(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Water Solubility: 8.69mg/L at 20℃
LogP: 3.9 at 20℃
Melting point : -37℃
Flash point: 199℃ (open cup)
Specific gravity at: 25℃ 1.12g/ml
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is regulated by various authorities depending on the country or region.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is generally considered safe for use in approved applications when handled and used according to recommended guidelines.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is compatible with many polymers, it may not be suitable for all applications.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, recommended to perform compatibility tests and consult technical data sheets or manufacturers' recommendations before using Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate as a plasticizer.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Proper ventilation is necessary, and containers should be tightly sealed.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is important to follow safety precautions, including wearing appropriate protective equipment when handling Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is known for its high plasticizing efficiency, meaning that it can effectively reduce the glass transition temperature of polymers even at relatively low concentrations.
This allows for a greater degree of flexibility and softness in the final material.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits low migration tendencies, meaning it has a reduced likelihood of leaching out of the polymer matrix over time.
This property is crucial for applications where maintaining the integrity and stability of the plasticizer within the material is essential.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is compatible with a wide range of additives commonly used in polymer formulations.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be blended with other plasticizers, stabilizers, flame retardants, pigments, and fillers to achieve desired material properties and performance characteristics.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate offers good resistance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which helps to prevent degradation and discoloration of the polymer material when exposed to sunlight or other sources of UV light.
This is particularly important for outdoor applications.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has a relatively low viscosity, which makes it easy to handle and incorporate into various polymer systems.
This property allows for efficient mixing and processing during the production of plasticized materials.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits moderate solvent properties, which means it can dissolve or disperse certain substances.
This property can be advantageous in certain applications where Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a solvent or carrier for other additives or active ingredients.

The slight aromatic odor of Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can help mask or minimize any unpleasant odors associated with the polymers or other components in a formulation.
This can be particularly beneficial in applications where odor control is desired, such as in certain consumer products.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can contribute to the formation of a uniform and flexible film when applied to surfaces.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is useful in coatings and adhesive applications, where Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can help improve film integrity, adhesion, and durability.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits good thermal stability, allowing it to maintain its plasticizing properties and performance even at elevated temperatures.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoateis important for applications that involve processing or exposure to heat, such as during extrusion or molding processes.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has low volatility, meaning it has a low tendency to vaporize or evaporate at normal temperatures.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate contributes to the long-term stability of plasticized materials, as it reduces the risk of the plasticizer escaping from the polymer matrix over time.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is classified as a non-phthalate plasticizer, which means it does not contain phthalates, a group of chemicals that have been subject to regulatory scrutiny due to potential health and environmental concerns.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate provides an alternative option for formulators seeking phthalate-free plasticizers.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate exhibits good resistance to extraction, which means it is less likely to be extracted by liquids or other substances that come into contact with the plasticized material.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps to maintain the integrity and properties of the plasticized product, even when exposed to solvents or other extractive substances.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a plasticizer in adhesive formulations to improve their flexibility, tack, and bond strength.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can enhance the adhesive properties and enable effective bonding on various substrates.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can affect the mechanical properties of polymer materials.
By adjusting the concentration of Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, it is possible to modify characteristics such as flexibility, tensile strength, elongation, and impact resistance to meet specific application requirements.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate generally has good storage stability, maintaining its properties over time when stored under proper conditions.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is important to store Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate in a cool, dry place and protect it from moisture, extreme temperatures, and exposure to light.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is compatible with various processing aids used in polymer manufacturing, such as lubricants, anti-blocking agents, and anti-static agents.
This compatibility allows for smooth processing and improved performance during production.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate as a plasticizer may result in a slight reduction in the transparency of polymer materials, particularly in clear or transparent formulations.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate effect is dependent on factors such as the concentration of Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate and the specific polymer system.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is utilized in paint and coating formulations as a coalescing agent and plasticizer.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate aids in film formation, promotes uniformity, and enhances the durability and flexibility of the dried film.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has good compatibility with various fillers and pigments commonly used in polymer formulations.
This compatibility allows for uniform dispersion and helps to maintain the physical and mechanical properties of the plasticized material.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has been approved for certain food contact applications, however, it is essential to check specific regulations and compliance requirements in the respective country or region to ensure its safe use in food-related applications.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is not readily biodegradable if environmental concerns are a priority, it is important to consider proper waste management practices and recycling options for plasticized materials containing Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used in combination with other plasticizers to achieve synergistic effects and optimize the performance of the polymer system.
By blending Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate with other compatible plasticizers, it is possible to enhance the overall plasticization efficiency and tailor the material properties to specific requirements.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may be subject to regulatory standards and specifications set by industry organizations.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can present challenges in the recycling of plasticized materials.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may impact the recyclability of certain polymers or complicate the separation of materials during the recycling process.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is often used in electrical insulation applications.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps to improve the flexibility and handling characteristics of wire and cable insulation, while also providing electrical insulation properties.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is considered to have a relatively low environmental impact compared to some other plasticizers.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may be subject to regulations and restrictions in different jurisdictions.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is essential to comply with local regulations, such as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) in the European Union or the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) in the United States, when using Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.

Uses
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is widely used as a plasticizer in PVC (polyvinyl chloride) products.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate improves the flexibility, workability, and durability of PVC materials, including vinyl flooring, vinyl films, wire and cable insulation, synthetic leather, and PVC-based consumer goods.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is employed as a plasticizer and coalescing agent in paint and coating formulations.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps enhance film formation, improve flexibility, and promote adhesion.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is commonly used in architectural coatings, industrial coatings, and solvent-based paints.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is utilized as a plasticizer in adhesive and sealant formulations.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate improves the flexibility and tackiness of the adhesive, enhancing its bonding strength and performance.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds application in various adhesive types, including pressure-sensitive adhesives, construction adhesives, and sealants.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a plasticizer in printing inks, particularly in flexographic and gravure inks.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate enhances ink flow, improves printability, and helps maintain the desired viscosity and tack of the ink.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be incorporated as a plasticizer in elastomers and rubber formulations to improve their flexibility and processability.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds use in rubber compounds, gaskets, seals, and other rubber products.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is utilized in various automotive applications, including interior trim, gaskets, seals, and wire and cable insulation.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is plasticizing properties help improve the performance and durability of automotive components.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is sometimes used as a plasticizer in textile coatings and leather finishes.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is employed as a plasticizer in wire and cable insulation to enhance flexibility, improve handling characteristics, and provide electrical insulation properties.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is commonly used in the production of power cables, telecommunications cables, and other electrical wiring applications.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a plasticizer in the production of synthetic leather and upholstery materials.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve the softness, flexibility, and durability of the synthetic leather, making it suitable for various applications in the furniture, automotive, and fashion industries.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is utilized as a plasticizer in the production of vinyl floorings, vinyl tiles, and wallcoverings.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate enhances the flexibility and workability of these materials, making them easy to install and resistant to wear and tear.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is sometimes used in the manufacturing of medical and healthcare products.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be found in applications such as medical tubing, healthcare equipment, and prosthetic devices, where its plasticizing properties contribute to flexibility and performance.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be incorporated into plastic films and packaging materials to improve their flexibility, elongation, and impact resistance.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps ensure the integrity of the packaging and protects the contents from damage during handling and transportation.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used in certain personal care products such as cosmetics, lotions, and creams as a solubilizer and emollient.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps to enhance product texture, spreadability, and moisturizing properties.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds application in construction and building materials such as caulks, sealants, and joint compounds.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is utilized in the formulation of personal care and cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, moisturizers, and sunscreens.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve the texture, spreadability, and emollient properties of these products.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a solvent and carrier for fragrances and essential oils in the fragrance and perfume industry.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps to stabilize and enhance the scent profile of the fragrance compositions.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be employed as a plasticizer in printing inks, including offset inks and specialty inks used in the printing and graphic arts industry. I

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a modifier or additive in resin systems to enhance their performance and properties.
It can improve the flexibility, adhesion, and impact resistance of various resins, including epoxy resins and polyester resins.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a solvent or co-solvent in various applications, including paint thinners, cleaning agents, and specialty solvent formulations.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is sometimes used as a solvent and carrier for agricultural chemicals such as herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate aids in the dispersion and application of these chemicals on crops and plants.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be found in industrial cleaning products, such as degreasers and specialty cleaners, where it acts as a solvent and aids in the removal of dirt, oils, and other contaminants.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be utilized as a plasticizer and solvent in textile printing inks.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve ink flow, adhesion, and color retention on textile substrates, contributing to vibrant and durable prints.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a plasticizer and softening agent in the finishing process of leather.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is employed as a solvent and carrier in the formulation of pesticides and agricultural chemicals.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps dissolve active ingredients and improves the stability and effectiveness of the formulations.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a plasticizer and processing aid in rubber manufacturing processes.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is sometimes used in water treatment applications as a solvent and carrier for certain chemicals.
It aids in the dispersion and delivery of water treatment agents for purposes such as disinfection, pH adjustment, and corrosion control.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a concrete additive to enhance workability and reduce water demand.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is employed as a plasticizer and film-forming agent in metal coatings.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve the adhesion, flexibility, and corrosion resistance of the coatings applied to metal substrates.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used as a plasticizer and rheology modifier in the formulation of sealants and caulks.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be utilized as a plasticizer in polymer foam formulations, including polyurethane foam and expanded polystyrene (EPS).
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as an additive in fuel and oil formulations to improve lubricity, reduce friction, and enhance performance.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be added to fuels, lubricating oils, and hydraulic fluids.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a processing aid in polymer manufacturing processes, including extrusion and injection molding.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate helps improve the flow properties and processability of polymers during production.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is employed in the formulation of metalworking fluids, such as cutting oils and lubricants, where it helps improve lubricity, cooling properties, and corrosion resistance.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a fuel additive to improve the lubricity and flow properties of certain fuels, particularly in applications where low sulfur fuels are used.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be used as a plasticizer in industrial lubricants to improve their viscosity, reduce friction, and enhance their lubricating properties.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may have applications in other industries, including textiles, printing and packaging, synthetic fibers, foam production, and specialty chemical formulations.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be employed in other industrial applications where plasticizers are required, such as in the production of films, sheets, profiles, molded parts, and synthetic fibers.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds application in numerous industries.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is commonly used as a plasticizer in PVC-based products, such as vinyl flooring, wire and cable insulation, flexible hoses, and synthetic leather.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is also utilized in coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers to enhance their flexibility and workability.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is mainly used as plasticizer, for example, used in resilient floors, plastisol, adhesives, binder, coatings and coated materials,screen printing ink, sealants, filler and caulking materials, dyes, nail polish, skin protect product, photoresist, liquid crystal film, polymer of disposable hygiene products and food packaging, etc., and it can be plasticized such as PVC, polyethylene/polypropylene, polyvinyl aceate£¬polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polymethacrylate, polyisocyanate, polyurethane, phenolic resins, epoxy resins, polyether, ethylcellulose, cellulose butyrate, nitrocellulose, chloroethylene or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene-acrylate copolymer, ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, and so on.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is also as processing aid of natural or synthetic rubber, solubilizer and dispersant of pigments or toner, and as extractive distillation agent for the organics that their boiling points is proximity.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate use as a solvent for many cosmetic actives, such as sunscreens and fragrances.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate use antiperspirants and deodorants where its humectant properties help to retain the natural moisture of hair as well as imparting considerable shine and body.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may be used as a diluent for the preparation of polysulfone membranes by heat induced phase separation.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds potential applications in water treatment and food processing.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may also be used as a plasticizer with poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) for the fabrication of diamond coated PVC.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate use as a highly soluble benzoate plasticizer, because of its low toxicity and environmental protection, low solization temperature, high plasticizing efficiency, large filling volume, cold resistance, good pollution resistance and other characteristics.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is recognized and recommended by the European Union to replace conventional o-benzene plasticizers and used as environmentally friendly plasticizers.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is widely used in polyvinyl chloride synthetic plastics, water-based adhesives, polysulfide sealants, polyurethane sealants, and artificial leather And synthetic rubber and other fields, and reflect its superiority and plasticizing effect.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate uses can be used as a plasticizer for resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate and polyurethane.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has strong solvent effect, good compatibility, low volatility, durability, oil resistance and pollution resistance.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is often used for highly filled PVC flooring and extruded plastics, which can improve processability, reduce processing temperature and shorten processing cycle.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may be used as a diluent for the preparation of polysulfone membranes by heat induced phase separation.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate finds potential applications in water treatment and food processing.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may also be used as a plasticizer with poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) for the fabrication of diamond coated PVC.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate used as a solvator for PVC, plasticizer in elastomers, in vinyl flooring, adhesives, latex caulks and sealants, color concentrates for PVC, and castable polyurethanes; Used to formulate adhesives, sealants, lubricants, plasticizers, coatings, and inks, to make fine and large scale chemicals, and as a plasticizer for PVC and carrier for agrochemicals; Permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products;
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is most commonly used in the packaging industry for carton sealing, book binding and labelling purposes and in the textile industry for woven as well as non-woven fabrics.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the following products: coating products, adhesives and sealants and polymers.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and in the production of articles.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release and industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines), Vehicles (e.g. personal vehicles, delivery vans, boats, trains, metro or planes)) and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products e.g. refrigerators, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, computers, telephones, drills, saws, smoke detectors, thermostats, radiators, large-scale stationary industrial tools).
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).This substance is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and polymers.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.This substance is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, non-metal-surface treatment products, coating products, textile treatment products and dyes, polymers, pH regulators and water treatment products and leather treatment products.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in the production of articles, formulation in materials, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and as processing aid.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the following products: coating products, non-metal-surface treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes, semiconductors, adhesives and sealants, laboratory chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products and leather treatment products.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, textile, leather or fur, electrical, electronic and optical equipment, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), plastic products and rubber products.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may cause irritation to the eyes and skin upon direct contact.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is important to avoid contact with the eyes and skin and use appropriate protective measures, such as gloves and safety goggles, when handling Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate vapor or mist may cause irritation to the respiratory system.

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is considered to have low toxicity to aquatic organisms, however, like any chemical substance, it should be handled responsibly to prevent contamination of waterways or soil.
Spills or releases of Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate should be properly contained and reported according to applicable regulations.
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is combustible and may present a fire hazard if exposed to an ignition source.

Hazardous Decomposition Products:
During combustion or thermal decomposition, Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate may release hazardous decomposition products, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and various organic compounds.
Adequate ventilation and proper fire safety measures should be in place to minimize the risk of exposure to these decomposition products.

Health and Safety:
As with any chemical, Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is important to follow appropriate safety measures when handling Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate.
This includes wearing protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, and ensuring proper ventilation in the working area.

Packaging:
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is typically available in bulk containers, such as drums or intermediate bulk containers (IBCs).
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate is important to store and transport the chemical in suitable containers that are compatible with the material.

Synonyms
27138-31-4
94-03-1
Oxydipropyl dibenzoate
1,1'-Oxybis-2-propanol dibenzoate
1,1'-Dimethyl-2,2'-oxydiethyl dibenzoate
9QQI0RSO3H
2-Propanol, 1,1'-oxybis-, dibenzoate
Oxybis(propane-1,2-diyl) dibenzoate
DTXCID507921
DTXSID6027921
CAS-27138-31-4
EINECS 202-296-9
UNII-9QQI0RSO3H
1,1'-OXYBIS(2-PROPANOL) DIBENZOATE
1-(2-benzoyloxypropoxy)propan-2-yl benzoate
SCHEMBL1255193
CHEMBL1877406
DTXSID401043495
1,1'-Oxybis(2-propanol)dibenzoate
Tox21_202280
Tox21_300147
NCGC00164208-01
NCGC00247908-01
NCGC00254168-01
NCGC00259829-01
1,1'-oxybis(propane-2,1-diyl) dibenzoate
2-Propanol,1,1'-oxybis-,dibenzoate(9ci)
FT-0698140
2-Propanol,1,1'-oxybis-, dibenzoate (9CI)
2-PROPANOL, 1,1'-OXYDI-, DIBENZOATE
Q27272899
DI(1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL) DIBENZOATE, TAIL TO TAIL-
Dipropylene Glycol Dibenzoate
1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-2-propanol; 2-propanol, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)-; butyldipropasol solvent; DPnB; n-butoxy-methylethoxy-propanol; nbutoxy-propoxy-propanol; Solvenol DPnB) CAS NO:29911-28-2
Dipropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether
Diethylene oxide, Dioxane; 1,4-Dioxane; dioxane,p-dioxane,1,4-diethylene dioxide,diethylene ether,dioxan,1,4-dioxacyclohexane,diethylene dioxide,dioxanne,di ethylene oxide,tetrahydro-p-dioxin cas no : 123-91-1
Dipropylene Glycol n-Butyl Ether
Disodium cocoamphodiacetate; DSCADA; Disodium N-2-(N-(2-carboxymethoxyethyl)-N-carboxymethylamino)ethylcocamide cas no: 68650-39-5
Dipropylheptyl Phthalate
alpha-tridecyl-omega-hydroxy-poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl); Polyoxyethylene (3) tridecyl ether; Polyoxyethylene tridecyl alcohol; POE Tridecyl alcohol; Polyoxyethylene Tridecyl Ether; CAS NO:68439-54-3
Di-sec-butylamine
SYNONYMS Bis(1-methylpropyl)amine; N-(Sec-butyl)-2-butanamine; N-(1-Methylpropyl)-2-butanamine; Di-sec-butilamina; CAS NO. 626-23-3
DİSFLAMOLL TOF
Disflamoll TOF is a clear colorless to pale yellow liquid with a slight sharp odor.
Disflamoll TOF is a family of halogen free plasticizers with good flame retarding characteristics in many polymers.
Disflamoll TOF insoluble in water; Soluble in alcohol, acetone, and ether.

CAS Number: 78-42-2
Molecular Formula: C24H51O4P
Molecular Weight: 434.63
EINECS No: 201-116-6

Disflamoll TOF, a clear, viscous liquid, is used as a component of vinyl stabilizers, grease additives, and flame-proofing compositions; however, it is used primarily as a plasticizer for vinyl plastic and synthetic rubber compounds.
Disflamoll TOF has been employed as a specialty flameretardant plasticizer for vinyl compositions where low temperature flexibility is critical, eg, in military tarpaulins.

Disflamoll TOF can be included in blends with general purpose.
Disflamoll TOF has been employed as a specialty flameretardant plasticizer for vinyl compositions where low temperature flexibility is critical, eg, in military tarpaulins.
Disflamoll TOF can be included in blends with general purpose plasticizers such as phthalate esters to improve low temperature flexibility.

Disflamoll TOF finds application as a fire-retardant, plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride and cellulose nitrate.
Disflamoll TOF is used as a stimulant for the chemical warfare nerve agent VX. further, it used as an alkylation agent for nitrogen heterocyclic compounds and as a catalyst to produce phenolic and urea resins.

Disflamoll TOF is used as an antifoaming agent and a co-solvent in hydrogen peroxide production.
Disflamoll TOF has been employed as a specialty flameretardant plasticizer for vinyl compositions where low temperature flexibility is critical, eg, in military tarpaulins.
Disflamoll TOF can be included in blends with general purpose plasticizers such as phthalate esters to improve low temperature flexibility

Disflamoll TOF clear colorless to pale yellow liquid with a slight sharp odor.
Disflamoll TOF is widely used as a flame retardant, plasticizer, and extractant in the production of chemical enterprises.

Disflamoll TOFs most important use is the production of hydrogen peroxide.
As the solvent of hydrogen anthraquinone, Disflamoll TOF has the conditions of high solubility of hydrogen anthrone, high distribution coefficient of hydrogen peroxide between water and solvent, high boiling point and high ignition point.

Disflamoll TOF by Lanxess is Disflamoll TOF-based plasticizer for adhesives and sealants.
Disflamoll TOF offers very good resistance to low temperature and weathering.
Disflamoll TOF is a strong, moderately polar solvent.

Disflamoll TOF, commonly abbreviated as TEHP or TEOHP, is a chemical compound belonging to the class of compounds known as organophosphates.
It's an ester that is often used as a plasticizer and flame retardant in various industrial and consumer products.

Melting point: -70°C
Boiling point: 215 °C4 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 0.92 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 2.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.444(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: <0.001g/l
form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.93
color: Colourless
PH: 7 (H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: BRN: 1715839
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances TRI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHATE
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS DataBase Reference: 78-42-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1

Disflamoll TOF is a commercial chemical product that belongs to a class of chemicals known as flame retardants.
Disflamoll TOF flame retardants are additives that are used in various materials to reduce their flammability and slow down the spread of fire.
Disflamoll TOF is specifically used as a flame retardant in polymers, plastics, and other materials.

"Disflamoll" is a brand name used by LANXESS, a specialty chemicals company, and "TOF" likely refers to the specific formulation or variant of the flame retardant.
Different variants of flame retardants are developed to be suitable for use in various types of materials and applications.

Flame retardants like Disflamoll TOF work by interfering with the combustion process.
Disflamoll TOF can inhibit the formation of flammable gases, reduce heat release, and form a protective char layer on the material's surface.
This helps to slow down the ignition and spread of fire, providing additional time for people to evacuate a building and for firefighters to control the blaze.

It's important to note that the use of flame retardants, including Disflamoll TOF, has raised environmental and health concerns over the years.
Some flame retardants have been found to have adverse effects on human health and the environment.
Therefore, the selection and use of flame retardants in products are subject to regulations and guidelines to ensure their safety.

Disflamoll TOF is a specific flame retardant formulation that is designed for use in a variety of materials, primarily to enhance their fire resistance properties.
The exact chemical composition of Disflamoll TOF may vary based on the specific formulation used by LANXESS.
Flame retardant formulations often consist of several different chemical compounds that work together to achieve the desired fire-retardant effect.

Disflamoll TOF is typically used in the production of various polymers and plastics to improve their resistance to ignition and slow down the spread of flames.
Disflamoll TOF and other flame retardants work through various mechanisms to suppress or delay the combustion process.
This can involve the release of inert gases, the formation of a protective char layer, and the reduction of flammable gases that contribute to the propagation of flames.

Disflamoll TOF, have been subject to scrutiny due to potential environmental and health concerns.
Some flame retardants have been found to persist in the environment and accumulate in living organisms.
Some of these compounds are also associated with health risks, such as endocrine disruption and developmental effects.

Uses
Disflamoll TOF is used as a phosphorous flame retardant.
Disflamoll TOF used as a plasticizer in the preparation of a new potentiometric membrane sensor.
Disflamoll TOF finds application as a fire-retardant, plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride and cellulose nitrate.

Disflamoll TOF is used as a stimulant for the chemical warfare nerve agent VX.
Disflamoll TOF used as an alkylation agent for nitrogen heterocyclic compounds and as a catalyst to produce phenolic and urea.

In addition to this, Disflamoll TOF is used as an antifoaming agent and a co-solvent in hydrogen peroxide production.
Disflamoll TOF (TOF) is a plasticizer compatible with many types of polymers such as PVC, PUR, NBR, and SBR.
Disflamoll TOF shows very good resistance to low temperatures and has excellent weathering properties.

In the manufacturing of herbicides, pesticides, and flame retardants Disflamoll TOF is used.
Disflamoll TOF can also be used as a carrier for pigments.
Disflamoll TOF used to finds application as a fire-retardant, plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride and cellulose nitrate.

Disflamoll TOF is primarily used as a plasticizer, a type of additive that is mixed with polymers (such as plastics and rubbers) to increase their flexibility, durability, and processability.
Disflamoll TOF reduce the stiffness of materials and make them more suitable for molding, extrusion, and other manufacturing processes.
Disflamoll TOF is often used in applications where resistance to high temperatures and chemical stability are important.

Disflamoll TOF is also used as a flame retardant in various materials.
Flame retardants are added to products to reduce their flammability and slow down the spread of fire.
Disflamoll TOF can release non-flammable gases when exposed to heat, diluting the flammable gases released during combustion and reducing the overall fire hazard.

Disflamoll TOF can be found in industrial products such as paints, coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
It can provide fire resistance and improve the durability of these products.
Disflamoll TOF is used as a plasticizer in the insulation of wires and cables to enhance their flexibility and resistance to cracking, especially at low temperatures.

In the automotive industry, Disflamoll TOF may be used in the production of materials such as upholstery, dashboards, and interior components to provide flexibility and resistance to heat and chemicals.
Disflamoll TOF may also be present in consumer products like vinyl flooring, synthetic leather, toys, and some personal care items.

Disflamoll TOF is used as a phosphorous flame retardant.
Disflamoll TOF used as a plasticizer in the preparation of a new potentiometric membrane sensor.
Disflamoll TOF can replace hydrogenated terpene pine alcohol in hydrogen peroxide produced by anthraquinone method, so that the product has high concentration, good quality and low self-consumption, and can also be used as a cold-resistant plasticizer.

Disflamoll TOF (TEHP) is a non-flammable,colourless liquid with low water solubility and very low vapour pressure, which is used as a flame retardant and plasticizer for PVC and cellulose acetate and as a solvent.
Disflamoll TOF is produced from phosphorus oxychloride and 2-ethylhexanol.
Disflamoll TOF is a plasticizer for PVC, imparting good low-temperature flexibility, resistance to water extraction, flame and fungus resistance, and minimum change in flexibility over a wide temperature range.

Disflamoll TOF is primarily used as an additive in vinyls and synthetic rubbers to impart or enhance light stability, weather resistance and flame retardant properties.
Disflamoll TOF is also used as a solvent in the production of hydrogen peroxide, as a carrier in the manufacture of pigments for plastics and as an additive for mineral oils.

Disflamoll TOF is a kind of practical good fire-retardant, and one of cold resistant plasticizer is used for Vinylite, celluosic resin, resol, urethane, synthetic rubber, solvent, defoamer etc.
Disflamoll TOFs low-temperature performance is better than the adipic acid ester class, and has mildew-resistant and fire retardation, though thermostability and plasticizing capacity are slightly poor, can with phosphoric acid triphen first and usefulness.

With Disflamoll TOF and with obtaining the self-extinguishing goods, also can be used for polyvinyl chloride cable material, coating etc.
Disflamoll TOF is now chiefly used as a processing solvent,instead of hydroterpineol,for producing hydrogen peroxide by anthraquinone process.
It is an ideal solvent in this process,for its low volatility and good extraction distribution coefficient.

Disflamoll TOF is also a cold-resisting and fire-retarding plasticizer applied in ethylenic and cellulosic resins,synthetic rubbers.
The cold resisting property is superior to adipate esters.
Disflamoll TOF can be incorporated into coatings, adhesives, and sealants to improve their flexibility, durability, and resistance to heat.

These enhanced properties make Disflamoll TOF-containing coatings and adhesives suitable for various applications, including industrial and commercial settings.
Disflamoll TOFis utilized in the formulation of industrial products where its plasticizing and flame-retardant properties are advantageous.
This can include paints, varnishes, industrial coatings, and adhesives.

Disflamoll TOF can be added to textiles and upholstery materials to enhance their performance and fire resistance.
This is especially relevant in applications where safety standards require textiles to have reduced flammability.

Disflamoll TOF is used in the electronics industry to provide fire resistance to components and materials that may be exposed to heat or flames.
Disflamoll TOF might be present in various consumer products that require flexibility and fire resistance, such as vinyl or synthetic leather items, inflatable products, and certain toys.

Environmental and Health Concerns:
As with many chemicals, Disflamoll TOF has raised environmental and health concerns.
Some Disflamoll TOF, including certain plasticizers and flame retardants, have been associated with adverse effects on human health and the environment.
These concerns have prompted regulatory scrutiny and research into the potential risks of Disflamoll TOF exposure.

Regulation and Safety:
Regulatory agencies in different countries have established guidelines and regulations to control the use of chemicals like Disflamoll TOF in consumer products.
These regulations aim to ensure that products are safe for both human health and the environment.
Industries that use Disflamoll TOF are responsible for adhering to these regulations and ensuring the safe use of the compound in their products.

Synonyms
Disflamoll TOF
78-42-2
Disflamoll TOF
Disflamoll TOF
Kronitex TOF
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester
Flexol TOF
Flexol plasticizer TOF
Tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol phosphate
Tris(ethylhexyl) phosphate
Tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, phosphate
NCI-C54751
TEHP
Triethylhexyl phosphate
Phosphoric acid, tris(ethylhexyl) ester
Tri(ethylhexyl) phosphate
2-Ethylhexanol, phosphate triester
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat
Tris(2-ethylhexy)phosphate
CCRIS 615
NSC 407921
HSDB 2562
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat [Czech]
EINECS 201-116-6
UNII-BQC0BKB72S
Tris-2(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat [Czech]
BQC0BKB72S
TOF
BRN 1715839
Tris-2(2-ethylhexyl)fosfat
AI3-07852
DTXSID0021414
NSC-407921
Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-ethylhexyl) Ester
Phosphoric acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl)ester
EC 201-116-6
DTXCID801414
CAS-78-42-2
Amgard TOF
MFCD00009491
'Trioctyl' phosphate
1-Hexanol, phosphate
Disflamoll TOF (TOP)
tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphat
Tris(2-ethylhexl)phosphate
SCHEMBL35485
MLS002415769
Phosphoric Acid Trioctyl Ester
CHEMBL1562290
2-Ethylhexanol phosphate (3:1)
CHEBI:181994
GTVWRXDRKAHEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
HMS3039O17
Phosphoric acid tris(2-ethylhexyl)
Tox21_201369
Tox21_300321
NSC407921
Disflamoll TOF, 97%
AKOS015843194
CS-W009670
LS-1747
NCGC00091821-01
NCGC00091821-02
NCGC00091821-03
NCGC00254160-01
NCGC00258921-01
SMR001370923
P1022
Disflamoll TOF [HSDB]
WLN: 4Y2&1OPO&O1Y4&2&O1Y4&2
A865029
Q2454094
Tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate; (Disflamoll TOF)
Disflamoll TOF, Selectophore(TM), >=99.0%
InChI=1/C24H51O4P/c1-7-13-16-22(10-4)19-26-29(25,27-20-23(11-5)17-14-8-2)28-21-24(12-6)18-15-9-3/h22-24H,7-21H2,1-6H
Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate
beta-Alanine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-[2-(2-carboxyethoxy)ethyl]-, N-coco acyl derivs., disodium salts; Disodium cocoamphodipropionate; DSCADP; DisodiumCocoamphodipropionate; beta-Alanine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-(2-carboxyethoxy)ethyl)-, N-coco acyl derivs, disodium salts; beta-Alanine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-(2-carboxyethoxy)ethyl)-, N-coco acyl derivs., disodium salts; N-(2-Coconut oil amidoethyl)-N-(2-(2-carboxyethyl)oxyethyl)-beta-aminopropionic acid, disodium salt CAS NO:68411-57-4
Disodium EDTA dihydrate
EDTA, Disodium Salt Dihydrate; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate; Ethanediylbis(N-(carboxymethyl)glycine) disodium salt; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; Versene disodium salt; cas no: 6381-92-6
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate
Sodium Phosphate Dibasic; Dsodium phosphoric acid; Disodium phosphate anhydrous; Disodium Hydrogenphosphate; Sodium monohydrogen phosphate; Disodium Hydrogen Orthophosphate; Disodium Phosphate; Phosphoric acid, disodium salt; sodium monohydrogen phosphate (2:1:1); dibasic sodium phosphate; disodium monohydrogen phosphate; disodium orthophosphate; DSP; soda phosphate; sodium hydrogen phosphate; Disodium Monophosphate; Disodium Monohydrogen Orthophoshate; CAS NO: 7558-79-4
disodium laureth 3-sulfosuccinate
N° CAS : 39354-45-5 / 40754-59-4 / 42016-08-0 / 58450-52-5 / 68815-56-5 - DLS, Le Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate ou DLS est un tensioactif anionique faisant partie des plus doux de la gamme. Contrairement à ce que l'on pourrait penser, il ne fait pas partie des sulfates , il nettoie les cheveux et le corps plus en douceur que le SLES., Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent moussant : Capture des petites bulles d'air ou d'autres gaz dans un petit volume de liquide en modifiant la tension superficielle du liquide Sinergiste de mousse : Améliore la qualité de la mousse produite en augmentant une ou plusieurs des propriétés suivantes: volume, texture et / ou stabilité Hydrotrope : Augmente la solubilité d'une substance qui est peu soluble dans l'eau. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)-ω-(dodecyloxy)-, sodium salt (1:2); disodium laureth (n=>3) sulfosuccinate; Disodium mono alkyl ether sulphosuccinate; disodium;4-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)-4-oxo-2-sulfonatobutanoate; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)-w-(dodecyloxy)-, disodium salt; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)-omega-(dodecyloxy)-, disodium salt; Sulfosuccinic acid 4-ester with PEG dodecyl ether, disodium salt, s; Aerosol A102; Di-Natrium-Laureth Sulfosuccinat; Dinatriumlaurylalkoholpolyglykolethersulfosuccinat; Disodium laureth sulfosuccinate (INCI); Disodium laureth-12 sulfosuccinate; Disodium laureth-12 sulfosuccinate (INCI); Disodium laureth-6 sulfosuccinate; Disodium laureth-6 sulfosuccinate (INCI); Disodium laureth-9 sulfosuccinate; Disodium laureth-9 sulfosuccinate (INCI); Disodium Laurethsulfosuccinate (INCI); Emcol 1484; Fettalkoholethersulfosuccinat Di-Na-Salz; Laurylethersulfosuccinat; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)- ω-(dodecyloxy)-, di-Natriumsalz; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)-ω-(dodecyloxy)-, disodium salt; Rewopol; Sulfobernsteinsäure(C10-12-alkyl-EO)halbester-di-Natrium-Salz; Sulfosuccinat-Na2, Lauryl-EO; 3-EO; Sulfosuccinic (C12 + 3EO)monoE, 2Na; 3-EO; Sulfosuccinic (C12 + nEO)monoE, 2Na; n-EO; Sulfosuccinic acid, ester with ethoxylated lauryl alcohol, disodium salt; Tego Sulfosuccinat F 30; 3-EO; 30-32% Active Matter; active substance; TEGO SULFOSUCCINATE F 30; 3-EO; 30% Active Matter; active substance; disodium 4-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)-4-oxo-2-sulfonato-butanoate; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)- .omega.-(dodecyloxy)-, disodium salt (1EO); Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(3-carboxy-1-oxo-3-sulfopropyl)- .omega.-(dodecyloxy)-, disodium salt (3EO)
disodium laureth sulfosuccinate
Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate; Sodium hydrogen phosphate; Sodium phosphate dibasic; disodium phosphate; Sodium Phosphate Dibasic Dodecahydrate; Disodium Phosphate Anhydrous; Disodium Phosphate dihydrate; Disodium Phosphate Heptahydrate; Disodium Phosphate Dodecahydrate CAS NO:7558-79-4 CAS NO:10028-24-7 (dihydrate) CAS NO:7782-85-6 (heptahydrate) CAS NO:10039-32-4 (dodecahydrate)
Disodium succinate
Distilled Coco Oil Acid; Fatty acids, C8-18 & C18 unsaturated; Coconut Fatty Acid CAS No. 67701-05-7
Distillates (Petroleum) Hydrotreated Light
Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light ; Distillates, petroleum, hydrotreated light; Mineral oil, petroleum distillates, hydrotreated (mild) light paraffinic; Hydrotreated (mild) light naphthenic distillates (petroleum); Hydrotreated (severe) light naphthenic distillate cas no :64742-47-8
Distilled Coco Oil Acid
Kelco Crete200; S 657; V-MAR 3; S 657;D-Glucuronic acid polymer with 6-deoxy-L-mannose and D-glucose, acetate, calcium magnesium potassium sodium salt;S-657 Gum CAS NO:125005-87-0
Di-Trimethylolpropane
Methoxy Propoxy Propanol; DPG; Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether; Methoxypropoxypropanol; Mixture of Methyldipropylene glycol; Oxybispropanol, Methyl Ether; Bis-(2-Methoxypropyl) ether; cas no : 34590-94-8
DL MALIC ACID
DL Malic Acid is combination of biologically active L-malic acid and its optical isomer, D-malic acid.
DL Malic Acid is dicarboxylic acid found in fruits and vegetables, especially apples.
DL Malic Acid is an intermediate product of the Citric Acid Cycle, in its esterified form, malate.


CAS Number: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
MDL number: MFCD00064212
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5


DL Malic Acid is odourless and has a molecular weight of 134.09 g/mol.
Under high temperature, exceeding 140 °C, and under anaerobic conditions, acidum malicum converts into fumaric and maleic acids.
DL Malic Acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.


L-malic acid is naturally present in the bodys cells, and is involved in gluconeogenesis, the metabolic pathway that creates glucose for the brain.
DL Malic Acid is an organic compound with little to no odor, a dicarboxylic acid that is the active ingredient in many sour and tart foods.
DL Malic Acid is generated during fruit metabolism and occurs naturally in all fruits and many vegetables.


The pleasant, refreshing experience of biting into a juicy apple or cherry is partly caused by DL Malic Acid.
DL Malic Acid's mellow, smooth, persistent sourness can be blended with multiple food acids, sugars, high intensity sweeteners, flavors and seasonings to create distinctive taste experiences in foods, beverages and confections.


DL Malic Acid is formed in metabolic cycles in the cells of plants and animals, including humans.
DL Malic Acid provides cells with energy and carbon skeletons for the formation of amino acids.
The human body produces and breaks down relatively large amounts of DL Malic Acid every day.


DL Malic Acid contributes to the sourness of green apples.
DL Malic Acid is present in grapes and gives a tart taste to wine.
When added to food products, DL Malic Acid is the source of extreme tartness.


DL Malic Acid is combination of biologically active L-malic acid and its optical isomer, D-malic acid.
DL Malic Acid is dicarboxylic acid found in fruits and vegetables, especially apples.
DL Malic Acid is an intermediate product of the Citric Acid Cycle, in its esterified form, malate.


DL Malic Acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5.
DL Malic Acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive.
DL Malic Acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally.


The synthetic material produced commercially in Europe and the USA is a racemic mixture, whereas the naturally occurring material found in apples and many other fruits and plants is levorotatory.
The salts and esters of DL Malic Acidare known as malates.


The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
DL Malic Acid plays an important role in biochemistry. In the C4 carbon fixation process, malate is a source of CO2 in the Calvin cycle.
In the citric acid cycle, (S)-malate is an intermediate, formed by the addition of an -OH group on the si face of fumarate.


DL Malic Acid can also be formed from pyruvate via anaplerotic reactions.
DL Malic Acid is also synthesized by the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate in the guard cells of plant leaves.
DL Malic Acid, as a double anion, often accompanies potassium cations during the uptake of solutes into the guard cells in order to maintain electrical balance in the cell.


The accumulation of these solutes within the guard cell decreases the solute potential, allowing water to enter the cell and promote aperture of the stomata.
The process of malolactic fermentation converts DL Malic Acid to much milder lactic acid.


DL Malic Acid occurs naturally in all fruits and many vegetables, and is generated in fruit metabolism.
DL Malic Acid, when added to food products, is denoted by E number E296.
DL Malic Acid contains 10 kJ (2.39 kilocalories) of energy per gram.


DL Malic Acid is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.
DL Malic Acid has a role as a food acidity regulator and a fundamental metabolite.
DL Malic Acid is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid and a C4-dicarboxylic acid.


DL Malic Acid is functionally related to a succinic acid.
DL Malic Acid is a conjugate acid of a malate(2-) and a malate.
There are two types of DL-Malic Acid: granular type and powder type.


DL Malic Acid features pureness, gentleness, smoothness, tenderness, lasting acidic taste, high solubility and salt stability etc.
DL-Malic Acid is an organic acid with the ability to form complexes with metals, DL-Hydroxybutanedioic Acid.
An acid of natural origin contained in most fruit (L-malic acid) or synthetically made: DL Malic Acid.


Global consumption of DL-malic acid will grow by 4.7% during 2022–27, driven by developed markets in Western Europe and North America, as well as developing markets in Asia.
DL-malic acid is a major food acid used primarily in beverages, confections, and food.


Demand growth is dependent on the popularity of ready-todrink beverages and processed food.
Consumers’ desire for nutritional and healthful products such as nutraceutical and fruit-flavored beverages, low-calorie confections, and savory foods will also drive consumption growth.


Higher demand for DL-malic acid has resulted in continued investments in capacity expansion, which is set to speed up over the next five years as competition intensifies in the key growing markets.
DL Malic Acid, also known as 2 - hydroxy succinic acid, has two stereoisomers due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom in the molecule.


There are three forms in nature, namely D malic acid, L malic acid and its mixture DL malic acid.
DL Malic Acid is white crystalline or crystalline powder with strong moisture absorption, easily soluble in water and ethanol.
DL Malic Acid has a special pleasant sour taste.


DL Malic Acid is formed as a by-product of the metabolic processes of sugars and occurs under several names, such as:
*hydroxysuccinic acid,
*2-hydroxybutanedioic acid,
*acidum malicum,
*malic acid,
*acidity regulator E296.


DL Malic Acid belongs to the group of natural hydroxy acids.
This means that the molecule contains a hydroxyl group, consisting of oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H).

The structural formula of acidum malicum is as follows:
HOOC–CH(OH)–CH2–COOH.
The molecular formula for DL Malic Acid is: C4H6O5.


As an optically active compound, Malic Acid is classified into two forms:
L-malic acid (left-handed form, found in fruits),
D-malic acid (right-handed form, does not occur in nature).
As a result of industrial treatment of hydroxysuccinic acid, a mixture in the form of a racemate (DL-malic acid), which has no optical activity, is formed.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DL MALIC ACID:
DL Malic Acid is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
DL Malic Acid is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, coating products, water softeners, water treatment chemicals, adhesives and sealants, metal surface treatment products and pH regulators and water treatment products.


Other release to the environment of DL Malic Acid is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


DL Malic Acid can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
DL Malic Acid is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, US and Australia and New Zealand (where it is listed by its INS number 296).


DL Malic Acid can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture) and rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).


DL Malic Acid is used in the following products: water softeners, washing & cleaning products, coating products, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, inks and toners and water treatment chemicals.
DL Malic Acid is used in the following areas: mining, building & construction work, scientific research and development and health services.


DL Malic Acid is used for the manufacture of: food products and .
Other release to the environment of DL Malic Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


DL Malic Acid is used in the following products: non-metal-surface treatment products, cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, metal surface treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes, pH regulators and water treatment products and pharmaceuticals.
Release to the environment of DL Malic Acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


DL Malic Acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, non-metal-surface treatment products, metal surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products, water treatment chemicals, coating products, welding & soldering products, cosmetics and personal care products, paper chemicals and dyes, textile treatment products and dyes and adhesives and sealants.


DL Malic Acid is used in the following areas: mining, building & construction work, scientific research and development and printing and recorded media reproduction.
DL Malic Acid is used for the manufacture of: pulp, paper and paper products, textile, leather or fur, , chemicals, plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and fabricated metal products.



Release to the environment of DL Malic Acid can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of DL Malic Acid can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Other release to the environment of DL Malic Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
DL Malic Acid is sometimes used with or in place of the less sour citric acid in sour sweets.


DL Malic Acid, HOOCCH(OH).CH2COOH, also known as hydroxysuccinic acid, is used in medicine to do a good favour for patients.
DL Malic Acid is used to resolve α-phenylethylamine, a versatile resolving agent in its own right.
In food production, an ingredient called of DL Malic Acid E296 is used as one of the best citric acid substitutes.


DL Malic Acid makes the products stay fresh and attractive for longer.
DL Malic Acid is effective in impeding the appearance of clouding and the loss of colour of various substances.
In chemical industry, DL Malic Acid is also useful in the process of organic synthesis.


Thanks to this, DL Malic Acid is possible to obtain, among others, esters used in the production of cleaning agents and cosmetics.
Manufacturers in the pharmaceutical industry make good use of the beneficial properties of acidum malicum.
Organic acid is a healthy stimulant for the digestive system and improves the condition of the epidermis, and therefore DL Malic Acid is used as an ingredient in medicinal rinses, capsules and dietary supplements.


DL Malic Acid is used in cosmetics and the beauty industry
The antibacterial, stabilising, preserving and brightening properties of acidum malicum are appreciated especially by manufacturers from the cosmetic and beauty industries.


Treatments with DL Malic Acid are aimed at improving the condition of the epidermis, inhibiting bacterial growth and the ageing of cells.
Exposing the skin to intense acid action also helps to get rid of discolouration, blemishes and shrink unattractive-looking pores.
DL Malic Acid is used with or in place of the less sour citric acid in sour sweets.


DL Malic Acid is used as a flavor enhancer in food preparation for confectionaries, beverages, fruit preparations and preserves, desserts, and bakery products.
DL Malic Acid is also essential in the preparation of medical products such as throat lozenges, cough syrups, effervescent powdered preparations, toothpaste and mouthwash.


Additionally, DL Malic Acid is used in the manufacture of skin care products to rejuvenate and improve skin conditions.
DL Malic Acid is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a general purpose acidulant.
DL Malic Acid possesses a slight apple flavor and is used as a flavoring agent to mask bitter tastes and provide tartness.


DL Malic Acid is also used as an alternative to citric acid in effervescent powders, mouthwashes, and tooth-cleaning tablets.
DL-Malic Acid is used as acidulant, color retention agent, preservative and emulsion stabilizer in food industry, etc.
DL Malic Acid is mainly used in food and medicine industry.


DL Malic Acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid found in certain fruits and wines.
Some people take DL Malic acid supplements to treat fatigue and dry mouth.
DL Malic Acid is also used to make some medicines, add flavor to food, and serve as a natural exfoliating ingredient in many products used to improve skin tone.


Aside from adding tartness to foods and beverages, DL Malic Acid has been researched for a variety of health uses.
Malate, the ionized form of DL Malic Acid, plays a small role in the Krebs Cycle, the primary way our bodies generate energy.


-Plant defense
Soil supplementation with molasses increases microbial synthesis of DL Malic Acid.
This is thought to occur naturally as part of soil microbe suppression of disease, so soil amendment with molasses can be used as a crop treatment in horticulture


-Malic acid in food
DL Malic Acid was first isolated from apple juice by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1785.
Antoine Lavoisier in 1787 proposed the name acide malique which is derived from the Latin word for apple, mālum.
DL Malic Acid contributes to the sourness of green apples. Malic acid is present in grapes.
DL Malic Acid confers a tart taste to wine, although the amount decreases with increasing fruit ripeness.
The process of malolactic fermentation converts DL Malic Acid to much milder lactic acid.


-Skincare
DL Malic Acid is an alpha hydroxy acid, which is said to be a natural exfoliator.
DL Malic Acid may be used to smooth wrinkles and fine lines, improve skin texture, cleanse pores, and improve overall skin. Because of this, DL Malic Acid has been used in various skincare products.


-Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are painful and can affect many people.
DL Malic Acid has been researched for its potential role in preventing and treating kidney stones.
In one preliminary study set in a lab, DL Malic Acid was found to increase urine pH levels, making kidney stone formation less likely.
The researchers concluded that DL Malic Acid supplementation might help treat calcium kidney stones.
A 2016 review on the importance of a healthy diet to prevent kidney stones suggested pears could be a potential treatment option.
Per the review, the DL Malic Acid in pears may be used to prevent the formation of kidney stones.
This is because DL Malic Acid is a precursor for citrate, a compound that inhibits crystal growth in the kidneys.


-Fibromyalgia:
A pilot study from 1995 found that taking DL Malic Acid in combination with magnesium helped alleviate pain and tenderness in people with fibromyalgia.
In the small study, researchers assigned 24 people with fibromyalgia to treatment with either a placebo or a combination of DL Malic Acid and magnesium.
After six months, those treated with the DL Malic Acid/magnesium combination showed a significant improvement in pain and tenderness.
There remains a lack of more recent research on DL Malic Acid's effectiveness as a fibromyalgia treatment.


-Dry Mouth:
The use of a 1% oral DL Malic Acid spray has been explored as a treatment for dry mouth.
One study evaluated people with dry mouth caused by antidepressants.
Participants were randomized to receive either a 1% DL Malic Acidspray or a placebo.
After two weeks of using the sprays as needed, those using the DL Malic Acid spray had improved dry mouth symptoms and increased rates of saliva flow.
Similar results were seen in a different study looking at DL Malic Acid for dry mouth caused by blood pressure medications.
At the end of this two-week study, participants who used the 1% DL Malic Acid spray had less dry mouth and more saliva compared with the placebo group.


-DL Malic Acid is used as an ingredient in many cosmetics for everyday use, such as:
*moisturising and anti-wrinkle creams,
*brightening masks for face and hair,
*shampoos and hair rinses (including bleaches, colour fixers),
*regenerating and cleansing milks and tonics (soothing, brightening, anti-acne),
*natural rinses for hair and nails.


-In recent years, people associated with the beauty industry have also become interested in DL Malic Acid.
This antibacterial and antioxidant compound, DL Malic Acid, is more and more often used for specialised cosmetology treatments for skin and hair.
Among others, these are:
*brightening masks,
*exfoliating scrubs for the face and body,
*aesthetic anti-ageing treatments.


-Industrial application of DL Malic Acid:
Natural acids of organic origin have long been used in industry.
DL Malic Acid serves, among others, as a preservative and acidity regulator – such as the popular E296 – that’s added to:
*preserves,
*jams,
*marmalade,
*candy,
*jellies, etc.



BENEFITS OF DL MALIC ACID:
*Reduce muscle pain and muscle aches.
*Improve energy.
*Increased exercise tolerance.
*Is generally safe- DL Malic Acid is naturally occurring and safety every day



DL MALIC ACID – PROPERTIES AND ACTION:
How to recognise acidum malicum?
DL Malic Acid is a crystalline, white or yellowish substance with characteristic sour taste, well soluble in water and ethanol.
L-malic acid and D-malic acid melt at 100 °C and begin to boil at 140 °C.

DL Malic Acid has many valuable properties and actions:
*antibacterial,
*anti-inflammatory,
*exfoliating,
*preserving,
*brightening,
*regulating the acidity of other substances,
*supporting human metabolism.



CHARACTERISTICS OF DL MALIC ACID:
DL Malic Acid is white or off-white crystalline powder or granules with a clearly acid flavour.
Melting point of D,L-malic is 127°C-132°C
Melting point of L-malic is 100°C.



IN FOOD, DL MALIC ACID:
DL Malic Acid was first isolated from apple juice by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1785.
Antoine Lavoisier in 1787 proposed the name acide malique, which is derived from the Latin word for apple, mālum—as is its genus name Malus.
In German DL Malic Acid is named Äpfelsäure (or Apfelsäure) after plural or singular of a sour thing from the apple fruit, but the salt(s) are called Malat(e).

DL Malic Acid is the main acid in many fruits, including apricots, blackberries, blueberries, cherries, grapes, mirabelles, peaches, pears, plums, and quince and is present in lower concentrations in other fruits, such as citrus.
DL Malic Acid contributes to the sourness of unripe apples.

Sour apples contain high proportions of the acid.
DL Malic Acid is present in grapes and in most wines with concentrations sometimes as high as 5 g/L.
DL Malic Acid confers a tart taste to wine; the amount decreases with increasing fruit ripeness.

The taste of DL Malic Acid is very clear and pure in rhubarb, a plant for which it is the primary flavor.
DL Malic Acid is also the compound responsible for the tart flavor of sumac spice.
DL Malic Acid is also a component of some artificial vinegar flavors, such as "salt and vinegar" flavored potato chips.
In citrus, fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of DL Malic Acid than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.



RELATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS:
*Succinic acid
*Tartaric acid
*Fumaric acid



RELATED COMPOUNDS OF DL MALIC ACID:
*Butanol
*Butyraldehyde
*Crotonaldehyde
*Sodium malate



PRODUCTION AND MAIN REACTIONS OF DL MALIC ACID:
Racemic DL Malic Acid is produced industrially by the double hydration of maleic anhydride.
In 2000, American production capacity was 5,000 tons per year.
The enantiomers may be separated by chiral resolution of the racemic mixture.
S-Malic acid is obtained by fermentation of fumaric acid.
Self-condensation of DL Malic Acid in the presence of fuming sulfuric acid gives the pyrone coumalic acid



FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF DL MALIC ACID:
(1) In food industry:
DL Malic Acid can be used in the processing and concoction of beverage, liqueur, fruit juice and the manufacture of candy and jam etc.
DL Malic Acid also has effects of bacteria inhibition and antisepsis and can remove tartrate during wine brewing.

(2) In tobacco industry:
DL Malic Acidd derivative (such as esters) can improve the aroma of tobacco.

(3)In pharmaceutical industry:
The troches and syrup compounded with DL Malic Acid have fruit taste and can facilitate their absorption and diffusion in the body.

The naturally occuring isomer is the L-form which has been found in apples and many other fruits and plants.
Selective a-amino protecting reagent for amino acid derivatives.
Versatile synthon for the preparation of chiral compounds including ╬║-opioid receptor agonists, 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogue, and phoslactomycin B.



ETYMOLOGY OF DL MALIC ACID:
The word 'malic' is derived from Latin 'mālum', meaning 'apple'.
The related Latin word mālus, meaning 'apple tree', is used as the name of the genus Malus, which includes all apples and crabapples; and the origin of other taxonomic classifications such as Maloideae, Malinae, and Maleae.



BIOCHEMISTRY OF DL MALIC ACID:
L-Malic acid is the naturally occurring form, whereas a mixture of L- and D-malic acid is produced synthetically.
DL Malic Acid is nearly odorless (sometimes a faint, acrid odor).
DL Malic Acid has a tart, acidic and non-pungent taste.



DOES DL MALIC ACID ONLY OCCUR IN UNRIPE APPLES?
Of course not!
This acidic compound, DL Malic Acid, is also found in many other fruits – rowan berries, cherries, gooseberries, pears, quinces, grapes. DL Malic Acid is present in some species of perennials, e.g., in rhubarb, which is very popular and valued in Poland.
On industrial scale, DL Malic Acid would be difficult to obtain the desired amounts of malic acid from fruit alone.
Therefore, producers often use acidum malicum obtained artificially by chemical method or fermentation method.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DL MALIC ACID:
Molecular Weight: 134.09 g/mol
XLogP: -1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 134.02152329 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 134.02152329 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 94.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 129
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Solubility:
Water at 20°C: 55.8 g/100
Alcohol at 95% vol.: 45.5 g/100.
Ether: 0.84 g/ 100

Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: characteristic
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 131 - 133 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 203 °C
Autoignition temperature: 340 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 646,6 g/l at 20 °C completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,6 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Density: 1.6 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 203 °C
Ignition temperature: 349 °C
Melting Point: 131 - 133 °C
pH value: 2.3 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 800 kg/m3
Solubility: 558 g/l
Chemical formula: C4H6O5
Molar mass: 134.09 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless
Density: 1.609 g⋅cm−3
Melting point: 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K)
Solubility in water: 558 g/L (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa): pKa1 = 3.40
pKa2 = 5.20[2]
Form: solid
Colour: colourless
Melting point: 128 - 132°C
Boiling point: 150°
Flash point: 203°C
Density: 1,60 g/cm3
Mol Weight: 134.08 g/mol
Storage temp: RT
Assay : 99 - 100.5%%
Identity : conforms
Appearance of the solution : conforms
Insoluble Matter (Non Solubles) : <0.1%
Melting Point : 128 - 132°C



FIRST AID MEASURES of DL MALIC ACID:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Rresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DL MALIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DL MALIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DL MALIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DL MALIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DL MALIC ACID:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
hydroxysuccinic acid
hydroxybutanedioic acid
apple acid
H2mal
alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid
E296
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
malic acid
2-hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
2-hydroxysuccinic acid
DL-hydroxysuccinic acid
DL-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
DL-apple acid
(±)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
DL-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
malic acid
DL-malic acid
6915-15-7
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
617-48-1
malate
hydroxysuccinic acid
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-
Malic acid, DL-
Kyselina jablecna
hydroxybutanedioic acid
Pomalus acid
Deoxytetraric acid
Hydroxybutandisaeure
Musashi-no-Ringosan
alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid
dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Caswell No. 537
Monohydroxybernsteinsaeure
Succinic acid, hydroxy-
FDA 2018
R,S(+-)-Malic acid
Malicum acidum
Pomalous acid
DL-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
d,l-malic acid
FEMA Number 2655
2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Kyselina jablecna [Czech]
Malic acid [NF]
(+-)-Malic acid
Aepfelsaeure
FEMA No. 2655
CCRIS 2950
CCRIS 6567
(+/-)-Malic acid
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051101
HSDB 1202
AI3-06292
H2mal
EINECS 210-514-9
EINECS 230-022-8
UNII-817L1N4CKP
NSC 25941
NSC-25941
817L1N4CKP
CHEBI:6650
INS NO.296
DTXSID0027640
E296
INS NO. 296
INS-296
Malic acid, L-
(+-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
L-Malic acid-1-13C
MLS000084707
DTXCID107640
E-296
(+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (+-)-
EC 210-514-9
EC 230-022-8
NSC25941
Malic acid (NF)
(+/-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
DL-MALIC-2,3,3-D3 ACID
SMR000019054
DL-Apple Acid
HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID, (+/-)-
MALIC ACID (II)
MALIC ACID [II]
(R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
MALIC ACID (USP-RS)
MALIC ACID [USP-RS]
BUTANEDIOIC ACID, HYDROXY-, (S)-
R-Malic acid
MALIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH)
MALIC ACID (USP IMPURITY)
MALIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
MALIC ACID [USP IMPURITY]
Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-
CAS-6915-15-7
L-(-)-MalicAcid
DL-hydroxysuccinic acid
C4H6O5
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (-)-
MFCD00064213
(+/-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Racemic malic acid
180991-05-3
MFCD00064212
.+-.-Malic acid
Opera_ID_805
2-hydroxyl-succinic acid
DL-Malic acid, 99%
MALIC ACID [MI]
MALIC ACID,(DL)
2-Hydroxydicarboxylic acid
MALIC ACID [FCC]
SCHEMBL856
2-hydroxy-butanedioic acid
bmse000046
bmse000904
D03WNI
MALIC ACID [INCI]
MALIC ACID [VANDF]
Malic acid-, (L-form)-
DL-Malic acid, >=99%
HYOSCYAMINEHYDROBROMIDE
Oprea1_130558
Oprea1_624131
MALIC ACID [WHO-DD]
butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-
DL-HYDROXYSUCOINIC ACID
Butanedioic acid, (.+-.)-
DL(+/-)-MALIC ACID
GTPL2480
2-HYDROXY-SUCCINIC ACID
DL-HYROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
CHEMBL1455497
BDBM92495
DL-Malic acid, FCC, >=99%
HMS2358H06
HMS3371C13
(C4-H6-O5)x-
DL-Malic acid, analytical standard
HY-Y1311
STR03457
Tox21_201536
Tox21_300372
s9001
STL283959
HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID [HSDB]
AKOS000120085
AKOS017278471
(+/-)-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
AM81418
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, (.+.)-
CCG-266122
DB12751
LS-2394
DL-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00043225-02
NCGC00043225-03
NCGC00254259-01
NCGC00259086-01
78644-42-5
DL-Malic acid, >=98% (capillary GC)
LS-88709
SY003313
SY009804
DL-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
DL-Malic acid 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
DL-Malic acid, USP, 99.0-100.5%
CS-0017784
E 296
EU-0067046
FT-0605225
FT-0625484
FT-0625485
FT-0625539
FT-0632189
M0020
DL-Malic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
EN300-19229
A19426
C00711
C03668
D04843
DL-Malic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
DL-Malic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
M-0825
AB00443952-12
Malic acid, meets USP/NF testing specifications
4-ethoxyphenyltrans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate
L023999
Q190143
Q-201028
0C9A2DC0-FEA2-4864-B98B-0597CDD0AD06
F0918-0088
Z104473230
MALIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF CRANBERRY LIQUID PREPARATION)
Malic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
MALIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF CRANBERRY LIQUID PREPARATION) [DSC]
Malic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
DL-Malic acid, meets analytical specification of FCC, E296, 99-100.5% (alkalimetric)
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid
2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
(L/D)-Malic acid
(±)-Malic acid
(S/R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
DL-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Hydroxysuccinic acid
2-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID


DL TARTARIC ACID
SYNONYMS DL-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate; 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-b- enzopyran-6-ol, acetate; Tocopheryl acetate; 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol acetate;VITAMIN E ACETATE CAS NO. 7695-91-2
DL-ALPHA TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
DL-CAMPHOR N° CAS : 21368-68-3 Nom INCI : DL-CAMPHOR Nom chimique : DL-Bornan-2-one N° EINECS/ELINCS : 244-350-4 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques
DL-CAMPHOR
d-Limonene; Citrus Terpenes; Citrusterpene; Terpène; Limonene; D-LIMONENE, N° CAS : 5989-27-5 - Limonène, Autres langues : Limonen, Limonene, Limoneno, Nom INCI : D-LIMONENE, Nom chimique : (R)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene; (4R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 227-813-5. 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene; 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene p-Menth-1,8-diene; DL-Limonene; Dipentene. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques. Noms français : (+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-méthylcyclohexène (+)-Isopropenyl-4 méthyl-1 cyclohexène (+)-Limonène (+)-P-MENTHA-1,8-DIENE (D)-Limonene (R)-(+)-Limonene (R)-(+)-P-Mentha-1,8-diene (R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene (R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene Carvene CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (R)- D-(+)-Limonène D-Isopropenyl-4 méthyl-1 cyclohexène d-Limonène Limonène (d-) Limonène, (+)- R-1,8(9)-P-Menthadiene Noms anglais :(+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (+)-Limonene D-(+)-Limonene d-Limonene Terpène Le limonène existe sous deux formes isomériques (d- et l- limonène) qui sont des images miroir l'une de l'autre. Le d-limonène est un constituant naturel de certains arbres, plantes, fruits et légumes. On le retrouve entre autres dans la pelure des agrumes (orange, citron, lime, etc.), les cornichons, le céleri, dans l'huile d'orange et dans plusieurs huiles essentielles. L'autre isomère (l-limonène) se retrouve principalement dans les huiles de pin, la térébenthine et les huiles de menthe. Le mélange, en proportions égales, des deux isomères est souvent appelé dipentène. La concentration du d-limonène dans le produit commercial varie en général entre 60 et 98 %, selon le secteur d'activité où il est utilisé; les autres composants du mélange sont habituellement de type terpènes ainsi que des aldéhydes (octanal, nonanal, décanal) et alcools (linalool, etc.). Comme le d-limonène est présent dans plusieurs plantes et aliments, il a été estimé que l'air intérieur pouvait causer l'équivalent d'une exposition à environ 10 µg/kg poids corporel/jour, alors que l'air extérieur pourrait équivaloir à une exposition à environ 0,1 µg/kg poids corporel/jour, et que la nourriture pouvait générer une exposition à environ 0,25 mg/kg poids corporel/jour. Utilisation: Le d-limonène est utilisé comme agent dégraisseur des métaux et des machineries (industries de l'électronique et de l'imprimerie) agent de saveur dans les aliments, les boissons non-alcoolisées et la gomme à mâcher arôme dans les savons, les parfums et les produits d'entretien ménager agent de mouillage et agent dispersant dans l'industrie des résines solvant dans les peintures agent nettoyant / dégraisseur dans les produits d'entretien ménager et industriel solvant pour les produits d'esthétique (+)-limonén (sk) (R)-1-metyl-4-(prop-1-én-2-yl)cyklohexén (sk) (R)-p-menta-1,8-dieen (et) (R)-p-menta-1,8-dieeni (fi) (R)-p-menta-1,8-dien (no) (R)-p-menta-1,8-diena (ro) (R)-p-menta-1,8-dienas (lt) (R)-p-menta-1,8-diene (it) (R)-p-menta-1,8-dieno (es) (R)-p-menta-1,8-dién (hu) (R)-p-mentadiēns-1,8 (lv) (R)-p-mentha-1,8-dieen (nl) (R)-p-mentha-1,8-dien (cs) (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diène (fr) (R)-p-μενθα-1,8-διένιο (el) (R)-p-мeнта-1,8-диен (bg) d-limoneen (et) d-limonen (cs) d-limonene (pl) d-limonitas (lt) d-limonén (hu) d-limonēns (lv) d-лимонен (bg); (+)-Limonene (+)-Limonene; (+)-(4R)-Limonene; (+)-carvene ... (+)-p-Mentha-1,8-dien (4R)-(+)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene (4R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene (4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene (4R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (4R)-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (R)-(+)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (R)-(+)-Limonen (R)-(+)-para-mentha-1,8-diene (R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene (R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene (R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene ; d-limonene (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene 1-methyl-4(prop-1-en-2-yl)-cyclonexene 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene 1-methyl-4-([1R]-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene 1-Methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene 1-méthyl-4-prop-1-èn-2-yl-cyclohexène 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene 4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene 4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene BITTER ORANGE E.O. CYCLOHEXEN,1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-,(R) Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)- Cyclohexene,1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-,(r) D'-limonene d-limonene (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene D-Limoneno Limonene LIMONENE, D- ORANGE OILORANGE BRAZIL OILCITRUS TERPENES R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene, D-Limonene r-p-mentha-1,8-dien ; Aceite d-Limoneno de Naranja Citrus Terpenes Citrusterpene CLEARON M105 CLEARON P105 CLEARON P125 Cold Pressed Peel Oil D'Limonene D-LIMONENE BRAZIL LIMONENE-D NANOLET R1050-CH ORANGE TERPENES; Limonene is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the oil of citrus fruit peels.The D-isomer, occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing. It is also used in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone and as a renewables-based solvent in cleaning products.The less common L-isomer is found in mint oils and has a piny, turpentine-like odor.The compound is one of the main volatile monoterpenes found in the resin of conifers, particularly in the Pinaceae, and of orange oil. Limonene takes its name from French limon ("lemon"). Limonene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer: the principal industrial source, citrus fruit, contains D-limonene ((+)-limonene), which is the (R)-enantiomer.Racemic limonene is known as dipentene.[4] D-Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation.Limonene is a relatively stable monoterpene and can be distilled without decomposition, although at elevated temperatures it cracks to form isoprene.[5] It oxidizes easily in moist air to produce carveol, carvone, and limonene oxide.With sulfur, it undergoes dehydrogenation to p-cymene. Limonene occurs commonly as the D- or (R)-enantiomer, but racemizes to dipentene at 300 °C. When warmed with mineral acid, limonene isomerizes to the conjugated diene α-terpinene (which can also easily be converted to p-cymene). Evidence for this isomerization includes the formation of Diels–Alder adducts between α-terpinene adducts and maleic anhydride. It is possible to effect reaction at one of the double bonds selectively. Anhydrous hydrogen chloride reacts preferentially at the disubstituted alkene, whereas epoxidation with mCPBA occurs at the trisubstituted alkene. In another synthetic method Markovnikov addition of trifluoroacetic acid followed by hydrolysis of the acetate gives terpineol.The most widely practiced conversion of limonene is to carvone. The three-step reaction begins with the regioselective addition of nitrosyl chloride across the trisubstituted double bond. This species is then converted to the oxime with a base, and the hydroxylamine is removed to give the ketone-containing carvon. D-Limonene is a major component of the aromatic scents and resins characteristic of numerous coniferous and broadleaved trees: red and silver maple (Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum), cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia), aspens (Populus grandidentata, Populus tremuloides) sumac (Rhus glabra), spruce (Picea spp.), various pines (e.g., Pinus echinata, Pinus ponderosa), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), larches (Larix spp.), true firs (Abies spp.), hemlocks (Tsuga spp.), cannabis (Cannabis sativa spp.),cedars (Cedrus spp.), various Cupressaceae, and juniper bush (Juniperus spp.). It contributes to the characteristic odor of orange peel, orange juice and other citrus fruits.To optimize recovery of valued components from citrus peel waste, d-limonene is typically removed.Limonene is common as a dietary supplement and as a fragrance ingredient for cosmetics products. As the main fragrance of citrus peels, D-limonene is used in food manufacturing and some medicines, such as a flavoring to mask the bitter taste of alkaloids, and as a fragrance in perfumery, aftershave lotions, bath products, and other personal care products. D-Limonene is also used as a botanical insecticide. D-Limonene is used in the organic herbicide "Avenger". It is added to cleaning products, such as hand cleansers to give a lemon or orange fragrance (see orange oil) and for its ability to dissolve oils. In contrast, L-limonene has a piny, turpentine-like odor. Limonene is used as a solvent for cleaning purposes, such as adhesive remover, or the removal of oil from machine parts, as it is produced from a renewable source (citrus essential oil, as a byproduct of orange juice manufacture). It is used as a paint stripper and is also useful as a fragrant alternative to turpentine. Limonene is also used as a solvent in some model airplane glues and as a constituent in some paints. Commercial air fresheners, with air propellants, containing limonene are used by philatelists to remove self-adhesive postage stamps from envelope paper. Limonene is also used as a solvent for fused filament fabrication based 3D printing. Printers can print the plastic of choice for the model, but erect supports and binders from HIPS, a polystyrene plastic that is easily soluble in limonene. As it is combustible, limonene has also been considered as a biofuel. In preparing tissues for histology or histopathology, D-limonene is often used as a less toxic substitute for xylene when clearing dehydrated specimens. Clearing agents are liquids miscible with alcohols (such as ethanol or isopropanol) and with melted paraffin wax, in which specimens are embedded to facilitate cutting of thin sections for microscop. Uses Found in a vast array of cleaning products, cosmetics, food flavourings and even aromatherapy, it comes in two forms: d-limonene and l-limonene. These are like “different handed” versions of the same molecule, with only subtle differences. The d-limonene form is used in food-grade products, as well as cleaning and beauty products, and is prized mainly for its smell. It is also used in hospital laboratories when cleaning tissue samples for analysis. The l-limonene version has a more pine-like scent but is used mainly as a solvent in industrial cleaning products. It even turns up in some 3D printing processes. D-limonene is one of the most common terpenes in nature. It is a major constituent in several citrus oils (orange, lemon, mandarin, lime, and grapefruit). D-limonene is listed in the Code of Federal Regulations as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for a flavoring agent and can be found in common food items such as fruit juices, soft drinks, baked goods, ice cream, and pudding. D-limonene (1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl) cyclohexane) is a monocyclic monoterpene with a lemon-like odor and is a major constituent in several citrus oils (orange, lemon, mandarin, lime, and grapefruit). Because of its pleasant citrus fragrance, d-limonene is widely used as a flavor and fragrance additive in perfumes, soaps, foods, chewing gum, and beverages.1 D-limonene is listed in the Code of Federal Regulation as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for a flavoring agent.For years, d-Limonene has been a solvent of choice for product formulators and cleaning professionals, so it is not a new product. d-Limonene is a natural oil that is extracted from the peels of oranges when orange juice is made, and is unique in the chemical world because it is a solvent that exists in nature. It is not manufactured through any chemical reaction or process. In fact, when the oranges are gone, so is the d-Limonene. The typical concentration of d-limonene in orange juice, ice cream, candy, and chewing gum is 100 ppm, 68 ppm, 49 ppm, and 2,300 ppm, respectively.1
D-LIMONENE
D-LIMONENE Abstract D-limonene is one of the most common terpenes in nature. It is a major constituent in several citrus oils (orange, lemon, mandarin, lime, and grapefruit). D-limonene is listed in the Code of Federal Regulations as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for a flavoring agent and can be found in common food items such as fruit juices, soft drinks, baked goods, ice cream, and pudding. D-limonene is considered to have fairly low toxicity. It has been tested for carcinogenicity in mice and rats. Although initial results showed d-limonene increased the incidence of renal tubular tumors in male rats, female rats and mice in both genders showed no evidence of any tumor. Subsequent studies have determined how these tumors occur and established that d-limonene does not pose a mutagenic, carcinogenic, or nephrotoxic risk to humans. In humans, d-limonene has demonstrated low toxicity after single and repeated dosing for up to one year. Being a solvent of cholesterol, d-limonene has been used clinically to dissolve cholesterol-containing gallstones. Because of its gastric acid neutralizing effect and its support of normal peristalsis, it has also been used for relief of heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). D-limonene has well-established chemopreventive activity against many types of cancer. Evidence from a phase I clinical trial demonstrated a partial response in a patient with breast cancer and stable disease for more than six months in three patients with colorectal cancer. D-Limonene Jump to navigationJump to search Not to be confused with Lemonene. D-Limonene Skeletal structure of the (R)-isomer Ball-and-stick model of the (R)-isomer D-Limonene extracted from orange peels. Names Preferred IUPAC name 1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene Other names 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene 4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene p-Menth-1,8-diene Racemic: dl-D-Limonene; Dipentene Identifiers CAS Number 138-86-3 (R/S) ☒ 5989-27-5 (R) ☒ 5989-54-8 (S) ☒ 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:15384 check ChEMBL ChEMBL449062 (R) ☒ ChemSpider 20939 (R/S) check 388386 (S) check 389747 (R) check ECHA InfoCard 100.028.848 Edit this at Wikidata KEGG D00194 check PubChem CID 22311 (R/S) 439250 (S) UNII 9MC3I34447 (R/S) ☒ GFD7C86Q1W (R) ☒ 47MAJ1Y2NE (S) ☒ CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID2029612 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula C10H16 Molar mass 136.238 g·mol−1 Appearance colorless to pale-yellow liquid Odor Orange Density 0.8411 g/cm3 Melting point −74.35 °C (−101.83 °F; 198.80 K) Boiling point 176 °C (349 °F; 449 K) Solubility in water Insoluble Solubility Miscible with benzene, chloroform, ether, CS2, and oils soluble in CCl4 Chiral rotation ([α]D) 87–102° Refractive index (nD) 1.4727 Thermochemistry Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) −6.128 MJ mol−1 Hazards Main hazards Skin sensitizer / Contact dermatitis – After aspiration, pulmonary oedema, pneumonitis, and death[1] GHS pictograms GHS02: FlammableGHS07: HarmfulGHS08: Health hazardGHS09: Environmental hazard GHS Signal word Danger GHS hazard statements H226, H304, H315, H317, H400, H410 GHS precautionary statements P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P272, P273, P280, P301+330+331, P302+352, P303+361+353, P304+340, P312, P333+313, P362, P370+378, P391, P403+233, P235, P405, P501 NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 220 Flash point 50 °C (122 °F; 323 K) Autoignition temperature 237 °C (459 °F; 510 K) Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references D-Limonene is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the oil of citrus fruit peels.[1] The d-isomer, occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing.[1][2] It is also used in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone and as a renewables-based solvent in cleaning products.[1] The less common l-isomer is found in mint oils and has a piny, turpentine-like odor.[1] The compound is one of the main volatile monoterpenes found in the resin of conifers, particularly in the Pinaceae, and of orange oil. D-Limonene takes its name from French limon ("lemon").[3] D-Limonene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer: the principal industrial source, citrus fruit, contains d-D-Limonene ((+)-D-Limonene), which is the (R)-enantiomer.[1] Racemic D-Limonene is known as dipentene.[4] d-D-Limonene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation. Contents 1 Chemical reactions 1.1 Biosynthesis 2 In plants 3 Safety and research 4 Uses 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Chemical reactions D-Limonene is a relatively stable monoterpene and can be distilled without decomposition, although at elevated temperatures it cracks to form isoprene.[5] It oxidizes easily in moist air to produce carveol, carvone, and D-Limonene oxide.[1][6] With sulfur, it undergoes dehydrogenation to p-cymene.[7] D-Limonene occurs commonly as the d- or (R)-enantiomer, but racemizes to dipentene at 300 °C. When warmed with mineral acid, D-Limonene isomerizes to the conjugated diene α-terpinene (which can also easily be converted to p-cymene). Evidence for this isomerization includes the formation of Diels–Alder adducts between α-terpinene adducts and maleic anhydride. It is possible to effect reaction at one of the double bonds selectively. Anhydrous hydrogen chloride reacts preferentially at the disubstituted alkene, whereas epoxidation with mCPBA occurs at the trisubstituted alkene. In another synthetic method Markovnikov addition of trifluoroacetic acid followed by hydrolysis of the acetate gives terpineol. Biosynthesis In nature, D-Limonene is formed from geranyl pyrophosphate, via cyclization of a neryl carbocation or its equivalent as shown.[8] The final step involves loss of a proton from the cation to form the alkene. center[Biosynthesis of D-Limonene from geranyl pyrophosphate The most widely practiced conversion of D-Limonene is to carvone. The three-step reaction begins with the regioselective addition of nitrosyl chloride across the trisubstituted double bond. This species is then converted to the oxime with a base, and the hydroxylamine is removed to give the ketone-containing carvone.[2] In plants d-D-Limonene is a major component of the aromatic scents and resins characteristic of numerous coniferous and broadleaved trees: red and silver maple (Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum), cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia), aspens (Populus grandidentata, Populus tremuloides) sumac (Rhus glabra), spruce (Picea spp.), various pines (e.g., Pinus echinata, Pinus ponderosa), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), larches (Larix spp.), true firs (Abies spp.), hemlocks (Tsuga spp.), cannabis (Cannabis sativa spp.),[9] cedars (Cedrus spp.), various Cupressaceae, and juniper bush (Juniperus spp.).[1] It contributes to the characteristic odor of orange peel, orange juice and other citrus fruits.[1][10] To optimize recovery of valued components from citrus peel waste, d-D-Limonene is typically removed.[11] Safety and research d-D-Limonene applied to skin may cause irritation from contact dermatitis, but otherwise appears to be safe for human uses.[12][13] D-Limonene is flammable as a liquid or vapor and it is toxic to aquatic life.[1] Uses D-Limonene is common as a dietary supplement and as a fragrance ingredient for cosmetics products.[1] As the main fragrance of citrus peels, d-D-Limonene is used in food manufacturing and some medicines, such as a flavoring to mask the bitter taste of alkaloids, and as a fragrance in perfumery, aftershave lotions, bath products, and other personal care products.[1] d-D-Limonene is also used as a botanical insecticide.[1][14] d-D-Limonene is used in the organic herbicide "Avenger".[15] It is added to cleaning products, such as hand cleansers to give a lemon or orange fragrance (see orange oil) and for its ability to dissolve oils.[1] In contrast, l-D-Limonene has a piny, turpentine-like odor. D-Limonene is used as a solvent for cleaning purposes, such as adhesive remover, or the removal of oil from machine parts, as it is produced from a renewable source (citrus essential oil, as a byproduct of orange juice manufacture).[11] It is used as a paint stripper and is also useful as a fragrant alternative to turpentine. D-Limonene is also used as a solvent in some model airplane glues and as a constituent in some paints. Commercial air fresheners, with air propellants, containing D-Limonene are used by philatelists to remove self-adhesive postage stamps from envelope paper.[16] D-Limonene is also used as a solvent for fused filament fabrication based 3D printing.[17] Printers can print the plastic of choice for the model, but erect supports and binders from HIPS, a polystyrene plastic that is easily soluble in D-Limonene. As it is combustible, D-Limonene has also been considered as a biofuel.[18] In preparing tissues for histology or histopathology, d-D-Limonene is often used as a less toxic substitute for xylene when clearing dehydrated specimens. Clearing agents are liquids miscible with alcohols (such as ethanol or isopropanol) and with melted paraffin wax, in which specimens are embedded to facilitate cutting of thin sections for microscopy.[19][20][21] What Is D-Limonene? Everything You Need to Know What it is Uses Benefits Safety & side effects Dosage Bottom line We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process. D-Limonene is the oil extracted from the peels of oranges and other citrus fruits (1). People have been extracting essential oils like D-Limonene from citrus fruits for centuries. Today, D-Limonene is often used as a natural treatment for a variety of health issues and is a popular ingredient in household items. However, not all of D-Limonene’s benefits and uses are supported by science. This article examines D-Limonene’s uses, potential benefits, side effects, and dosage. What is D-Limonene? D-Limonene is a chemical found in the rind of citrus fruits, such as lemons, limes, and oranges. It is especially concentrated in orange peels, comprising around 97% of this rind’s essential oils (2Trusted Source). It’s often referred to as d-D-Limonene, which is its main chemical form. D-Limonene belongs to a group of compounds known as terpenes, whose strong aromas protect plants by deterring predators (3Trusted Source). D-Limonene is one of the most common terpenes found in nature and may offer several health benefits. It has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-stress, and possibly disease-preventing properties. SUMMARY D-Limonene is an essential oil found in citrus fruit peels. It belongs to a class of compounds called terpenes. ADVERTISEMENT Weight management options have evolved Take our quiz to learn more about techniques and tips that will help you achieve your goals. Common uses of D-Limonene D-Limonene is a popular additive in foods, cosmetics, cleaning products, and natural insect repellants. For example, it’s used in foods like sodas, desserts, and candies to provide a lemony flavor. D-Limonene is extracted through hydrodistillation, a process in which fruit peels are soaked in water and heated until the volatile molecules are released via steam, condensed, and separated (4). Due to its strong aroma, D-Limonene is utilized as a botanical insecticide. It’s an active ingredient in multiple pesticide products, such as eco-friendly insect repellents (5). Other household products containing this compound include soaps, shampoos, lotions, perfumes, laundry detergents, and air fresheners. Additionally, D-Limonene is available in concentrated supplements in capsule and liquid form. These are often marketed for their supposed health benefits. This citrus compound is also used as an aromatic oil for its calming and therapeutic properties. SUMMARY D-Limonene is used in a range of products, including food, cosmetics, and eco-friendly pesticides. It can also be found in supplement form, as it may boost health and fight certain diseases. Linked to several health benefits D-Limonene has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and heart-disease-fighting properties. However, most research has been conducted in test tubes or on animals, making it difficult to fully understand the role of D-Limonene in human health and disease prevention. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits D-Limonene has been shown to reduce inflammation in some studies (6Trusted Source, 7Trusted Source). While short-term inflammation is your body’s natural response to stress and is beneficial, chronic inflammation can harm your body and is a major cause of illness. It’s important to prevent or reduce this type of inflammation as much as possible (8Trusted Source). D-Limonene has been shown to reduce inflammatory markers that relate to osteoarthritis, a condition characterized by chronic inflammation. A test-tube study in human cartilage cells noted that D-Limonene reduced nitric oxide production. Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule that plays a key role in inflammatory pathways (9Trusted Source). In a study in rats with ulcerative colitis — another disease characterized by inflammation — treatment with D-Limonene significantly decreased inflammation and colon damage, as well as common inflammatory markers (10Trusted Source). D-Limonene has demonstrated antioxidant effects as well. Antioxidants help reduce cell damage caused by unstable molecules called free radicals. Free radical accumulation can lead to oxidative stress, which may trigger inflammation and disease (11Trusted Source). One test-tube study revealed that D-Limonene may inhibit free radicals in leukemia cells, suggesting a decrease in inflammation and cellular damage that would normally contribute to disease (12Trusted Source). Although promising, these effects need to be confirmed by human studies. May have anticancer effects D-Limonene may have anticancer effects. In a population study, those who consumed citrus fruit peel, the major source of dietary D-Limonene, had a reduced risk of developing skin cancer compared to those who only consumed citrus fruits or their juices (13Trusted Source). Another study in 43 women recently diagnosed with breast cancer experienced a significant 22% reduction in breast tumor cell expression after taking 2 grams of D-Limonene daily for 2–6 weeks (14Trusted Source). Additionally, research in rodents found that supplementing with D-Limonene inhibited the growth of skin tumors by preventing inflammation and oxidative stress (15Trusted Source). Other rodent studies indicate that D-Limonene may fight other types of cancer, including breast cancer (16Trusted Source). What’s more, when given to rats alongside the anticancer drug doxorubicin, D-Limonene helped prevent several common side effects of the medication, including oxidative damage, inflammation, and kidney damage (17Trusted Source). Although these results are promising, more human studies are needed. May boost heart health Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for nearly one in four deaths (18Trusted Source). D-Limonene may lower your risk of heart disease by reducing certain risk factors, such as elevated cholesterol, blood sugar, and triglyceride levels. In one study, mice given 0.27 grams of D-Limonene per pound of body weight (0.6 grams/kg) showed reduced triglycerides, LDL (bad) cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, and fat accumulation in the liver, compared to a control group (19Trusted Source). In another study, stroke-prone rats given 0.04 grams of D-Limonene per pound of body weight (20 mg/kg) exhibited significant reductions in blood pressure compared to rats of similar health status that did not receive the supplement (20Trusted Source). Keep in mind that human studies are needed before strong conclusions can be drawn. Other benefits Aside from the benefits listed above, D-Limonene may: Reduce appetite. The scent of D-Limonene has been shown to significantly reduce appetite in blowflies. However, this effect has not been studied in humans (21Trusted Source). Decrease stress and anxiety. Rodent studies suggest that D-Limonene could be used in aromatherapy as an anti-stress and anti-anxiety agent (22Trusted Source). Support healthy digestion. D-Limonene may protect against stomach ulcers. In a study in rats, citrus aurantium oil, which is 97% D-Limonene, protected nearly all of the rodents against ulcers caused by medication use (23Trusted Source). SUMMARY D-Limonene may offer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-heart-disease benefits, among others. However, more research in humans is needed. Safety and side effects D-Limonene is considered safe for humans with little risk of side effects. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognizes D-Limonene as a safe food additive and flavoring (5). However, when applied directly to the skin, D-Limonene may cause irritation in some people, so caution should be used when handling its essential oil (24Trusted Source, 25). D-Limonene is sometimes taken as a concentrated supplement. Because of the way your body breaks it down, it’s likely safe consumed in this form. That said, human research on these supplements is lacking (26Trusted Source). Notably, high-dose supplements may cause side effects in some people. What’s more, insufficient evidence exists to determine whether D-Limonene supplements are acceptable for pregnant or breastfeeding women. It’s best to consult your healthcare practitioner before taking D-Limonene supplements, especially if you’re taking medications, are pregnant or breastfeeding, or have a medical condition. SUMMARY Aside from possible skin irritation associated with direct application, D-Limonene is likely safe for most people to use and consume in moderation. Potentially effective dosages Because few D-Limonene studies exist in humans, it’s difficult to provide a dosage recommendation. Nonetheless, dosages of up to 2 grams daily have been safely used in studies (9Trusted Source, 14Trusted Source). Capsule supplements that can be purchased online contain dosages of 250–1,000 mg. D-Limonene is also available in liquid form with typical dosages of 0.05 ml per serving. However, supplements aren’t always necessary. You can easily obtain this compound by eating citrus fruits and peels. For example, fresh orange, lime, or lemon zest can be used to add D-Limonene to baked goods, drinks, and other items. What’s more, pulpy citrus juices, such as lemon or orange juice, boast D-Limonene, too (27Trusted Source). SUMMARY While dosage recommendations don’t exist for D-Limonene, 2 grams daily has been safely used in studies. In addition to supplements, you can obtain D-Limonene from citrus fruits and zest. Other names of D-limonene: D-Limonene Orange peel oil Citrus peel oil Citrine p-mentha-1,8-diene (scientific name) What is D-limonene? What are the health effects of D-limonene? Terpene compounds, which are obtained from the peel of citrus fruits, mostly in lemon peel, and give these plants their scent, are called d-limonene. Intense citrus consumption is thought to be one of the reasons for less cancer and cardiovascular diseases in people eating a Mediterranean diet. Cancer of D-limonene with it has not been prevented or treated. Anti-inflammatory, wound-healing and tumor-shrinking therapy in laboratory studies. Again, in laboratory studies, it has been shown that D-limonene affects the growth signal pathways in cancer cells and can lead to apoptosis. In animal studies, D-limonene slowed the growth of pancreatic, stomach, colon, skin and lung cancers. It also slowed the formation and progress of animals exposed to cancer-causing substances. However, this has not been seen in anti-cancer patients. For which medicinal medicine is D-limonene tried? To prevent and treat cancer In laboratory studies, a combination of d-limonene and the chemotherapy drug called docetaxel increases the effectiveness against prostate cancer cells. A community study (epidemiological) study reported an inverse association between citrus consumption and squamous cell cancer of the skin. However, these results could not be supported by clinical studies. More research is needed to find that D-limonene is not the prevention or treatment of cancer. To treat heartburn and reflux Although it has been tried intensively to concentrate, the limits to support this use, even the d-limonene cause stomach complaints. More are needed in this area. Side effects of D-limonene Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Allergic skin rash Trigger asthma Source 1. Vigushin DM, et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of d-limonene in advanced cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1998. 2. Judge IA, Harris RB, Ritenbaugh C. Citrus peel use is associated with a reduced risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Nutr Cancer. 2000 3. Topham EJ, Wakelin SH. D-Limonene contact dermatitis from hand cleaners. Contact dermatitis. 2003 4. Rabi T, Bishayee A. d-Limonene sensitizes docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells: Generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of apoptosis. D-LEMONEN (D-LEMONEN) Lemon Peel; Scientific studies investigating the Mediterranean cuisine, which is widely used in cold beverages, have coincidentally found the reason why cancer and chronic diseases are rare. Liquid D-Limonene; Its homeland is India and the Far East, and it is a herbal medicine containing a special scented oil. Antioxidant substances are available in high amounts. D-Limonene Liquid active ingredient is found in the peel of other citrus fruits. In addition to cancer, it is beneficial in high blood pressure, lowering of bad cholesterol, increasing good cholesterol, and cardiovascular occlusion.
DL-LACTIC ACID
DL-Lactic Acid is an organic acid.
DL-Lactic Acid has the molecular formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.
DL-Lactic Acid is white in the solid state and it is miscible with water.

CAS: 50-21-5
MF: C3H6O3
MW: 90.08
EINECS: 200-018-0

Synonyms
FEMA 2611;DL-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROPIONIC ACID;DL-Lactic acid, ACS reagent, 85+%;LACTIC ACID, 85% REAGENT (ACS);Lactic;dl-lactic acid, acs;LACTICACID,RACEMIC,USP;2-Hydroxy-2-methylacetic acid
;lactic acid;2-hydroxypropanoic acid;DL-Lactic acid;50-21-5;2-hydroxypropionic acid;Milk acid;lactate;Tonsillosan;Racemic lactic acid;Ordinary lactic acid;Ethylidenelactic acid;26100-51-6;Lactovagan;Acidum lacticum;Milchsaeure;Lactic acid, dl-;Kyselina mlecna;Lacticum acidum;DL-Milchsaeure;Lactic acid USP;(+/-)-Lactic acid;Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-;Aethylidenmilchsaeure;598-82-3;1-Hydroxyethanecarboxylic acid;alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid;Lactic acid (natural);(RS)-2-Hydroxypropionsaeure;FEMA No. 2611;Milchsaure;Kyselina 2-hydroxypropanova;Lurex;Propionic acid, 2-hydroxy-;Purac FCC 80;Purac FCC 88;Cheongin samrakhan;DL- lactic acid;FEMA Number 2611;CCRIS 2951;HSDB 800;Cheongin Haewoohwan;Cheongin Haejanghwan;SY-83;2-Hydroxypropionicacid;(+-)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid;Biolac;NSC 367919
;Lactic acid, tech grade;Chem-Cast;alpha-Hydroxypropanoic acid;AI3-03130;HIPURE 88;EINECS 200-018-0;EINECS 209-954-4;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 128929;Lactic acid,buffered;NSC-367919;UNII-3B8D35Y7S4;2-Hydroxy-2-methylacetic acid;BRN 5238667;INS NO.270;DTXSID7023192;(+/-)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid;CHEBI:78320;INS-270;2 Hydroxypropanoic Acid;3B8D35Y7S4;E 270
;MFCD00004520;LACTIC ACID (+-);.alpha.-Hydroxypropanoic acid;.alpha.-Hydroxypropionic acid;DTXCID003192;E-270;EC 200-018-0;NCGC00090972-01;2-hydroxy-propionic acid;C01432;Milchsaure [German];Lactic acid [JAN];Kyselina mlecna [Czech];Propanoic acid, hydroxy-;CAS-50-21-5;(R)-2-Hydroxy-propionic acid;H-D-Lac-OH;2 Hydroxypropionic Acid;Kyselina 2-hydroxypropanova [Czech];Lactic acid [USP:JAN];lactasol;1-Hydroxyethane 1-carboxylic acid;acido lactico;DL-Milchsaure;MFCD00064266;(2RS)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid;Lactate (TN);4b5w;Propanoic acid, (+-);DL-Lactic Acid, Racemic;LACTIC ACID (II);(.+/-.)-Lactic acid;Lactic acid (7CI,8CI);DL-Lactic Acid (90%);Lactic acid (JP17/USP);Lactic acid, 85%, FCC;Lactic Acid, Racemic, USP;NCIOpen2_000884;(+-)-LACTIC ACID;DL-LACTIC ACID [MI];LACTIC ACID [WHO-IP];(RS)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid;LACTIC ACID, DL-(II);LACTICUM ACIDUM [HPUS];1-hydroxyethane carboxylic acid;33X04XA5AT;DL-Lactic Acid (90per cent);L-(+)-Lactic acid, 98%;CHEMBL1200559;Lactic acid, natural, >=85%;BDBM23233;L-lactic acid or dl-lactic acid;Lactic Acid, 85 Percent, FCC;LACTIC ACID, DL- [II];DL-Lactic acid, ~90% (T);DL-Lactic acid, AR, >=88%;DL-Lactic acid, LR, >=88%;DL- LACTIC ACID [WHO-DD];LACTIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH);Lactic Acid, 10 Percent Solution;HY-B2227;LACTIC ACID (USP MONOGRAPH);Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy- (9CI);Tox21_111049;Tox21_202455;Tox21_303616;BBL027466;NSC367919;STL282744;AKOS000118855;AKOS17278364;Tox21_111049_1;ACIDUM LACTICUM [WHO-IP LATIN];AM87208;DB04398;SB44647;SB44652;Propanoic acid,2-hydroxy-,(.+/-.)-;2-Hydroxypropionic acid, DL-Lactic acid;NCGC00090972-02;NCGC00090972-03;NCGC00257515-01;NCGC00260004-01;849585-22-4;Lactic Acid, 85 Percent, Reagent, ACS;(R)-Lactate;(R)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid;;DB-071134;DB-347146;CS-0021601;L0226;EN300-19542;Lactic acid, meets USP testing specifications;D00111;F71201;A877374;DL-Lactic acid, SAJ first grade, 85.0-92.0%;Q161249;DL-Lactic acid, JIS special grade, 85.0-92.0%;Dl-alpha-hydroxypropionic acid;2-hydroxypropionic acid;F2191-0200;Z104474158;BC10F553-5D5D-4388-BB74-378ED4E24908;Lactic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;Lactic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material;DL-Lactic acid 90%, synthetic, meets the analytical specifications of Ph. Eur.;152-36-3

When in the dissolved state, DL-Lactic Acid forms a colorless solution.
Production includes both artificial synthesis as well as natural sources.
DL-Lactic Acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) due to the presence of a hydroxyl group adjacent to the carboxyl group.
DL-Lactic Acid is used as a synthetic intermediate in many organic synthesis industries and in various biochemical industries.
The conjugate base of DL-Lactic Acid is called lactate (or the lactate anion).
The name of the derived acyl group is lactoyl.
A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.
In solution, DL-Lactic Acid can ionize by a loss of a proton to produce the lactate ion CH3CH(OH)CO−2.
Compared to acetic acid, its pKa is 1 unit less, meaning DL-Lactic Acid is ten times more acidic than acetic acid.
This higher acidity is the consequence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the α-hydroxyl and the carboxylate group.

DL-Lactic Acid is chiral, consisting of two enantiomers.
One is known as DL-Lactic Acid, (S)-lactic acid, or (+)-lactic acid, and the other, its mirror image, is d-lactic acid, (R)-lactic acid, or (−)-lactic acid.
A mixture of the two in equal amounts is called DL-Lactic Acid, or racemic lactic acid.
Lactic acid is hygroscopic.
DL-Lactic Acid is miscible with water and with ethanol above its melting point, which is about 16 to 18 °C (61 to 64 °F).
DL-Lactic Acid and l-lactic acid have a higher melting point.
DL-Lactic Acid produced by fermentation of milk is often racemic, although certain species of bacteria produce solely d-lactic acid.
On the other hand, DL-Lactic Acid produced by anaerobic respiration in animal muscles has the enantiomer and is sometimes called "sarcolactic" acid, from the Greek sarx, meaning "flesh".

In animals, DL-Lactic Acid is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise.
DL-Lactic Acid does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal, which is governed by a number of factors, including monocarboxylate transporters, concentration and isoform of LDH, and oxidative capacity of tissues.
The concentration of blood lactate is usually 1–2 mMTooltip millimolar at rest, but can rise to over 20 mM during intense exertion and as high as 25 mM afterward.
In addition to other biological roles, DL-Lactic Acid is the primary endogenous agonist of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), which is a Gi/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).

In industry, DL-Lactic Acid fermentation is performed by lactic acid bacteria, which convert simple carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, or galactose to lactic acid.
These bacteria can also grow in the mouth; the acid they produce is responsible for the tooth decay known as cavities.
In medicine, DL-Lactic Acid is one of the main components of lactated Ringer's solution and Hartmann's solution.
These intravenous fluids consist of sodium and potassium cations along with DL-Lactic Acid and chloride anions in solution with distilled water, generally in concentrations isotonic with human blood.
DL-Lactic Acid is most commonly used for fluid resuscitation after blood loss due to trauma, surgery, or burns.

DL-Lactic Acid is the most widely occurring organic acid in nature.
Due to its chiral a-carbon atom, DL-Lactic Acid has two enantiomeric forms.
Of these, DL-Lactic Acid is more important in food and pharmaceutical industries because humans have only L-lactate dehydrogenase.
The chemical behavior of DL-Lactic Acid is mostly determined by the two functional groups.
Besides the acidic character in aqueous medium, the bifunctionality (a terminal carboxylic acid and a hydroxyl group) allows lactic acid molecules to form ‘‘interesters’’ such as the cyclic dimers, the trimers, or longer lactic acid oligomers.
After its first isolation by the Swedish chemist Scheel in 1780 from sour milk, DL-Lactic Acid has been produced commercially since the 1880s in the United States and later in Europe.
Worldwide, DL-Lactic Acid production was approximately 250,000 metric tons per year in 2012 and is expected to reach 330,000 metric tons by the year 2015, with an average price of 1.25 US$ per kilogram in 2013 (food grade, 80–85 % purity).

Approximately 85 % of the demand for DL-Lactic Acid is from the food industry.
The primary use of DL-Lactic Acid is as a pH-adjusting agent in the beverage sector and as a preservative in the food industry.
DL-Lactic Acid is included in the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a food ingredient and was deemed safe by the European Food Safety Authority as well.
The acceptable daily intake for DL-Lactic Acid was defined by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives as ‘‘not limited,’’ and DL-Lactic Acid is also supported by the Scientific Committee of Food.
In recent decades, the consumption of DL-Lactic Acid due to its novel applications has grown quite rapidly, by 19 % per year.
Nonfood use of DL-Lactic Acid for polymer production contributes to this growth.

Biodegradable polylactic acid is considered to be an environmentally friendly alternative to other plastics from petroleum.
DL-Lactic Acid is used in various fields, including drug delivery systems, medical devices, fibers, and packaging materials.
DL-Lactic Acid can be produced via chemical synthesis or carbohydrate fermentation.
The chemical route has various issues, including toxic raw materials, low conversion rates, and especially the inability to produce the optically pure isomer.
Therefore, approximately 90 % of DL-Lactic Acid worldwide is produced by biotechnological processes, namely fermentations using renewable resources, which is relatively fast, economical, and able to supply selectively one or two stereoisomers of lactic acid.

DL-Lactic Acid is a metabolic intermediate that is produced in the muscle cells during anaerobic glycolysis.
DL-Lactic Acid is used to treat cancer and has been shown to be effective against squamous cell carcinoma.
DL-lactic acid also inhibits mitochondrial membrane potential, which may be one of the mechanisms by which it causes cell death.
DL-lactic acid has been found to have antibacterial efficacy against a number of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes.
DL-lactic acid also inhibits enzyme activities that are necessary for bacterial growth such as phosphotransferase enzymes and urease.
DL-lactic acid is a metabolic intermediate that can be used to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
DL-lactic acid also inhibits transcriptional regulation in human serum.

History
Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele was the first person to isolate DL-Lactic Acid in 1780 from sour milk.
The name reflects the lact- combining form derived from the Latin word lac, meaning "milk".
In 1808, Jöns Jacob Berzelius discovered that lactic acid (actually l-lactate) also is produced in muscles during exertion.
DL-Lactic Acid's structure was established by Johannes Wislicenus in 1873.
In 1856, the role of Lactobacillus in the synthesis of DL-Lactic Acid was discovered by Louis Pasteur.
This pathway was used commercially by the German pharmacy Boehringer Ingelheim in 1895.
In 2006, global production of DL-Lactic Acid reached 275,000 tonnes with an average annual growth of 10%.

DL-Lactic Acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 18°C
Boiling point: 122 °C/15 mmHg (lit.)
Alpha: -0.05 º (c= neat 25 ºC)
Density: 1.209 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 0.62 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 19 mm of Hg (@ 20°C)
FEMA: 2611 | LACTIC ACID
Refractive index: n20/D 1.4262
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Miscible with water and with ethanol (96 per cent).
Form: syrup
pka: 3.08(at 100℃)
Color: Colorless to yellow
Specific Gravity: 1.209
PH: 3.51(1 mM solution);2.96(10 mM solution);2.44(100 mM solution);
Odor: at 100.00 %. odorless
Odor Type: odorless
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Merck: 14,5336
JECFA Number: 930
BRN: 1209341
Dielectric constant: 22.0(16℃)
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.72
CAS DataBase Reference: 50-21-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: DL-Lactic Acid (50-21-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: DL-Lactic Acid (50-21-5)

DL-Lactic Acid is odorless.
DL-Lactic Acid consists of a mixture of lactic acid (C3H6O3) and lactic acid lactate (C6H10O5).
DL-Lactic Acid is the racemic form.
DL-Lactic Acid is usually available in solutions containing 50 to 90% lactic acid.
DL-Lactic Acid, CH3CHOHCOOH, also known as 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, is a hygroscopic liquid that exists in three isometric forms.
DL-Lactic Acid is found in blood and animal tissue as a product of glucose and glycogen metabolism.
DL-Lactic Acid is obtained by fermentation of sucrose (corn refining), The racemic mixture is present in foods prepared by bacterial fermentation or prepared synthetically.
DL-Lactic Acid is soluble in water,alcohol,and ether.
DL-Lactic Acid is used as a solvent, in manufacturing confectionery, and in medicine.
DL-Lactic Acid consists of a mixture of 2-hydroxypropionic acid, its condensation products, such as lactoyllactic acid and other polylactic acids, and water.

DL-Lactic Acid is usually in the form of the racemate, (RS)-lactic acid, but in some cases the (S)-(+)-isomer is predominant.
DL-Lactic Acid is a practically odorless, colorless or slightly yellowcolored, viscous, hygroscopic, nonvolatile liquid.
A colorless or yellowish, nearly odorless, syrupy liquid consisting of a mixture of DL-Lactic Acid and lactic acid lactate (C6H10O5).
DL-Lactic Acid is obtained by the lactic fermentation of sugars or is prepared synthetically.
The commercial product is the racemic form.
DL-Lactic Acid is usually available in solutions containing the equivalent of from 50% to 90% lactic acid.
DL-Lactic Acid is hygroscopic, and when concentrated by boiling, the acid condenses to form lactic acid lactate, 2-(lactoyloxy)propanoic acid, which on dilution and heat ing hydrolyzes to lactic acid.
DL-Lactic Acid is miscible with water and with alcohol.

Uses
DL-Lactic Acid is a multi-purpose ingredient used as a preservative, exfoliant, moisturizer, and to provide acidity to a formulation.
In the body, DL-Lactic Acid is found in the blood and muscle tissue as a product of the metabolism of glucose and glycogen.
DL-Lactic Acid is also a component of the skin’s natural moisturizing factor.
DL-Lactic Acid has better water intake than glycerin.
Studies indicate an ability to increase the water-retention capacity of the stratum corneum.
They also show that the pliability of the stratum corneum layer is closely related to the absorption of DL-Lactic Acid; that is, the greater the amount of absorbed lactic acid, the more pliable the stratum corneum layer.
Researchers report that continuous use of preparations formulated with DL-Lactic Acid in concentrations ranging between 5 and 12 percent provided a mild to moderate improvement in fine wrinkling and promote softer, smoother skin.

DL-Lactic Acid's exfoliating properties can help in the process of removing excess pigment from the surface of the skin, as well as improving skin texture and feel.
DL-Lactic Acid is an alpha hydroxy acid occurring in sour milk and other lesser-known sources, such as beer, pickles, and foods made through a process of bacterial fermentation.
DL-Lactic Acid is caustic when applied to the skin in highly concentrated solutions.
DL-Lactic Acid is an acidulant that is a natural organic acid present in milk, meat, and beer, but is normally associated with milk.
DL-Lactic Acid is a syrupy liquid available as 50 and 88% aqueous solutions, and is mis- cible in water and alcohol.
DL-Lactic Acid is heat stable, nonvolatile, and has a smooth, milk acid taste.
DL-Lactic Acid functions as a flavor agent, preservative, and acidity adjuster in foods.
DL-Lactic Acid is used in spanish olives to prevent spoilage and provide flavor, in dry egg powder to improve disper- sion and whipping properties, in cheese spreads, and in salad dress- ing mixes.

Polymer precursor
Main article: polylactic acid
Two molecules of lactic acid can be dehydrated to the lactone lactide.
In the presence of catalysts lactide polymerize to either atactic or syndiotactic polylactide (PLA), which are biodegradable polyesters.
PLA is an example of a plastic that is not derived from petrochemicals.

Pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications
DL-Lactic Acid is also employed in pharmaceutical technology to produce water-soluble lactates from otherwise-insoluble active ingredients.
DL-Lactic Acid finds further use in topical preparations and cosmetics to adjust acidity and for its disinfectant and keratolytic properties.
DL-Lactic Acid containing bacteria have shown promise in reducing oxaluria with its descaling properties on calcium compounds.

Foods
Fermented food
DL-Lactic Acid is found primarily in sour milk products, such as kumis, laban, yogurt, kefir, and some cottage cheeses.
The casein in fermented milk is coagulated (curdled) by DL-Lactic Acid.
DL-Lactic Acid is also responsible for the sour flavor of sourdough bread.

In lists of nutritional information DL-Lactic Acid might be included under the term "carbohydrate" (or "carbohydrate by difference") because this often includes everything other than water, protein, fat, ash, and ethanol.
If this is the case then the calculated food energy may use the standard 4 kilocalories (17 kJ) per gram that is often used for all carbohydrates.
But in some cases DL-Lactic Acid is ignored in the calculation.
The energy density of DL-Lactic Acid is 362 kilocalories (1,510 kJ) per 100 g.

Some beers (sour beer) purposely contain DL-Lactic Acid, one such type being Belgian lambics.
Most commonly, this is produced naturally by various strains of bacteria.
These bacteria ferment sugars into acids, unlike the yeast that ferment sugar into ethanol.
After cooling the wort, yeast and bacteria are allowed to "fall" into the open fermenters.
Brewers of more common beer styles would ensure that no such bacteria are allowed to enter the fermenter.
Other sour styles of beer include Berliner weisse, Flanders red and American wild ale.

In winemaking, a bacterial process, natural or controlled, is often used to convert the naturally present malic acid to DL-Lactic Acid, to reduce the sharpness and for other flavor-related reasons.
This malolactic fermentation is undertaken by lactic acid bacteria.
While not normally found in significant quantities in fruit, lactic acid is the primary organic acid in akebia fruit, making up 2.12% of the juice.

Separately added
As a food additive DL-Lactic Acid is approved for use in the EU, United States and Australia and New Zealand; it is listed by its INS number 270 or as E number E270.
DL-Lactic Acid is used as a food preservative, curing agent, and flavoring agent.
DL-Lactic Acid is an ingredient in processed foods and is used as a decontaminant during meat processing.
DL-Lactic Acid is produced commercially by fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, or lactose, or by chemical synthesis.
Carbohydrate sources include corn, beets, and cane sugar.

Forgery
DL-Lactic Acid has historically been used to assist with the erasure of inks from official papers to be modified during forgery.

Cleaning products
DL-Lactic Acid is used in some liquid cleaners as a descaling agent for removing hard water deposits such as calcium carbonate.

Production
DL-Lactic Acid is produced industrially by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates, or by chemical synthesis from acetaldehyde.
As of 2009, DL-Lactic Acid was produced predominantly (70–90%) by fermentation.
Production of racemic lactic acid consisting of a 1:1 mixture of d and l stereoisomers, or of mixtures with up to 99.9% l-lactic acid, is possible by microbial fermentation.
Industrial scale production of DL-Lactic Acid by fermentation is possible, but much more challenging.

Fermentative production
Fermented milk products are obtained industrially by fermentation of milk or whey by Lactobacillus bacteria: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus casei (Lactobacillus casei), Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (Lactobacillus bulgaricus), Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus lactis , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus (Streptococcus thermophilus).

As a starting material for industrial production of DL-Lactic Acid, almost any carbohydrate source containing C5 (Pentose sugar) and C6 (Hexose sugar) can be used.
Pure sucrose, glucose from starch, raw sugar, and beet juice are frequently used.
DL-Lactic Acid producing bacteria can be divided in two classes: homofermentative bacteria like Lactobacillus casei and Lactococcus lactis, producing two moles of lactate from one mole of glucose, and heterofermentative species producing one mole of lactate from one mole of glucose as well as carbon dioxide and acetic acid/ethanol.

Chemical production
DL-Lactic Acid is synthesized industrially by reacting acetaldehyde with hydrogen cyanide and hydrolysing the resultant lactonitrile.
When hydrolysis is performed by hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride forms as a by-product; the Japanese company Musashino is one of the last big manufacturers of DL-Lactic Acid by this route.
Synthesis of both racemic and enantiopure DL-Lactic Acid is also possible from other starting materials (vinyl acetate, glycerol, etc.) by application of catalytic procedures.

Production Methods
DL-Lactic Acid is prepared by the fermentation of carbohydrates, such as glucose, sucrose, and lactose, with Bacillus acidi lacti or related microorganisms.
On a commercial scale, whey, corn starch, potatoes, or molasses are used as a source of carbohydrate.
DL-Lactic Acid may also be prepared synthetically by the reaction between acetaldehyde and carbon monoxide at 130–200°C under high pressure, or by the hydrolysis of hexoses with sodium hydroxide.
DL-Lactic Acid prepared by the fermentation of sugars is levorotatory; lactic acid prepared synthetically is racemic.
However, DL-Lactic Acid prepared by fermentation becomes dextrorotatory on dilution with water owing to the hydrolysis of (R)-lactic acid lactate to (S)- lactic acid.

Biochem/physiol Actions
In animals, DL-Lactic Acid is a metabolic compound produced by proliferating cells and during anaerobic conditions such as strenuous exercise.
DL-Lactic Acid can be oxidized back to pyruvate or converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis.
DL-Lactic Acid is preferentially metabolized by neurons in several mammal species and during early brain development.
DL-MALIC ACID
CAS #: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
Moelcular Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Molar Mass: 134.09 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid


DESCRIPTION:
DL-Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5.
DL-Malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive.

DL-Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally.
The salts and esters of DL-Malic acid are known as malates.
The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
DL-Malic acid is an organic acid that plays a role in the citric acid cycle.
DL-Malic acid is also used as an antimicrobial agent, and has been shown to be effective against fungi and bacteria.

DL-Malic acid binds to the active site of complex enzymes involved in energy metabolism and has been shown to inhibit transcriptional regulation of numerous genes.
DL-Malic acid has also shown to have a positive effect on metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia.

DL-Malic acid may be synthesized with sodium salts or sodium citrate, depending on the desired end product.
DL-Malic acid can also be produced by laser ablation of malonic acid or by enzymatic oxidation of tartaric acid, which is a natural source of this chemical.
DL-Malic acid is used as a food additive.
DL-Malic acid is a component of some artificial vinegar flavors.
Further, DL-Malic acid is used in the preparation of chiral compounds, including κ-opioid rece.
DL-Malic acid is utilized for chiral resolution by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis.


CAS #: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
Moelcular Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Molar Mass: 134.09 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid

Etymology:
The word 'malic' is derived from Latin 'mālum', meaning 'apple'.
The related Latin word mālus, meaning 'apple tree', is used as the name of the genus Malus, which includes all apples and crabapples; and the origin of other taxonomic classifications such as Maloideae, Malinae, and Maleae.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION ABOUT DL-MALIC ACID:
Density: 1.6 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 203 °C
Ignition temperature: 349 °C
Melting Point: 131 - 133 °C
pH value: 2.3 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 800 kg/m3
Solubility: 558 g/l
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 99.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 128 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 132 °C
Chemical formula C4H6O5
Molar mass 134.09 g/mol
Appearance Colorless
Acidity (pKa):
pKa1 = 3.40
pKa2 = 5.20
Arsenic (As) : <0.0003%
Lead (Pb) : <0.0002%
Copper (Cu) : <0.001%
Mercury (Hg) : <0.0001%
Zinc (Zn) : <0.001%
Sulfated Ash : <0.1%
Water : <2.0%
Heavy Metals : <0.002% Molecular Weight: 134.09
XLogP3: -1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 134.02152329
Monoisotopic Mass: 134.02152329
Topological Polar Surface Area: 94.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 129
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



CAS #: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
Moelcular Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Molar Mass: 134.09 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid

BIOCHEMISTRY OF DL-MALIC ACID:
DL-Malic acid is the naturally occurring form, whereas a mixture of L- and D-malic acid is produced synthetically.

Malate plays an important role in biochemistry. In the C4 carbon fixation process, malate is a source of CO2 in the Calvin cycle.
In the citric acid cycle, (S)-malate is an intermediate, formed by the addition of an -OH group on the si face of fumarate.
It can also be formed from pyruvate via anaplerotic reactions.


Malate is also synthesized by the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate in the guard cells of plant leaves.
Malate, as a double anion, often accompanies potassium cations during the uptake of solutes into the guard cells in order to maintain electrical balance in the cell.
The accumulation of these solutes within the guard cell decreases the solute potential, allowing water to enter the cell and promote aperture of the stomata.



DL-MALIC ACID IN FOOD:
DL-Malic acid was first isolated from apple juice by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1785.
Antoine Lavoisier in 1787 proposed the name acide malique, which is derived from the Latin word for apple, mālum—as is its genus name Malus.
In German it is named Äpfelsäure (or Apfelsäure) after plural or singular of a sour thing from the apple fruit, but the salt(s) are called Malat(e).

Malic acid is the main acid in many fruits, including apricots, blackberries, blueberries, cherries, grapes, mirabelles, peaches, pears, plums, and quince and is present in lower concentrations in other fruits, such as citrus.
DL-Malic acid contributes to the sourness of unripe apples.

Sour apples contain high proportions of the acid.
DL-Malic acid is present in grapes and in most wines with concentrations sometimes as high as 5 g/L.
DL-Malic acid confers a tart taste to wine; the amount decreases with increasing fruit ripeness.
The taste of malic acid is very clear and pure in rhubarb, a plant for which it is the primary flavor.

DL-Malic acid is also the compound responsible for the tart flavor of sumac spice.
DL-Malic acid is also a component of some artificial vinegar flavors, such as "salt and vinegar" flavored potato chips.

In citrus, fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of malic acid than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.
The process of malolactic fermentation converts malic acid to much milder lactic acid.
Malic acid occurs naturally in all fruits and many vegetables, and is generated in fruit metabolism.

Malic acid, when added to food products, is denoted by E number E296.
DL-Malic acid is sometimes used with or in place of the less sour citric acid in sour sweets.
These sweets are sometimes labeled with a warning stating that excessive consumption can cause irritation of the mouth.
DL-Malic acid is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, US and Australia and New Zealand (where it is listed by its INS number 296).

Malic acid contains 10 kJ (2.39 kilocalories) of energy per gram.

PRODUCTION AND MAIN REACTIONS OF DL-MALIC ACID:
Racemic malic acid is produced industrially by the double hydration of maleic anhydride.
In 2000, American production capacity was 5,000 tons per year.
The enantiomers may be separated by chiral resolution of the racemic mixture.
S-Malic acid is obtained by fermentation of fumaric acid.

Malic acid was important in the discovery of the Walden inversion and the Walden cycle, in which (−)-malic acid first is converted into (+)-chlorosuccinic acid by action of phosphorus pentachloride.
Wet silver oxide then converts the chlorine compound to (+)-malic acid, which then reacts with PCl5 to the (−)-chlorosuccinic acid.
The cycle is completed when silver oxide takes this compound back to (−)-malic acid.

USES OF DL- MALIC ACID:
l-malic acid is used to resolve α-phenylethylamine, a versatile resolving agent in its own right.

Plant defense:
Soil supplementation with molasses increases microbial synthesis of MA.
This is thought to occur naturally as part of soil microbe suppression of disease, so soil amendment with molasses can be used as a crop treatment in horticulture.

DL-Malic acid is used as a food additive.
DL-Malic acid is a component of some artificial vinegar flavors.
Further, DL-Malic acid is used in the preparation of chiral compounds, including κ-opioid rece.
DL-Malic acid is utilized for chiral resolution by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis.

CAS #: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
Moelcular Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Molar Mass: 134.09 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DL- MALIC ACID:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.





CAS #: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
Moelcular Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Molar Mass: 134.09 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid






SYNONYMS OF DL- MALIC ACID:

2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Malic acid
(+/-)-Malic acid
2-hydroxysuccinic acid
malate
hydroxysuccinic acid
butanedioic acid
hydroxy
kyselina jablecna
pomalus acid
hydroxybutanedioic acid
deoxytetraric acid

MeSH Entry Terms:
calcium (hydroxy-1-malate) hexahydrate
malate
malic acid
malic acid, (R)-isomer
malic acid, calcium salt, (1:1), (S)-isomer
malic acid, disodium salt
malic acid, disodium salt, (R)-isomer
malic acid, disodium salt, (S)-isomer
malic acid, magnesium salt (2:1)
malic acid, monopotassium salt, (+-)-isomer
malic acid, potassium salt, (R)-isomer
malic acid, sodium salt, (+-)-isomer

Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
malic acid
DL-malic acid
6915-15-7
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
617-48-1
malate
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-
hydroxysuccinic acid
Malic acid, DL-
Kyselina jablecna
hydroxybutanedioic acid
Pomalus acid
Deoxytetraric acid
dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Hydroxybutandisaeure
alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Musashi-no-Ringosan
Caswell No. 537
DL-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
FDA 2018
Monohydroxybernsteinsaeure
Succinic acid, hydroxy-
R,S(+-)-Malic acid
Kyselina jablecna [Czech]
Malic acid [NF]
FEMA No. 2655
2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Pomalous acid
Kyselina hydroxybutandiova [Czech]
d,l-malic acid
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051101
AI3-06292
(+/-)-Malic acid
Malic acid, L-
NSC-25941
E296
BUTANEDIOIC ACID, HYDROXY-, (S)-
MLS000084707
817L1N4CKP
CHEBI:6650
INS NO.296
(+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid
INS NO. 296
INS-296
NSC25941
Malic acid (NF)
SMR000019054
DL-Apple Acid
E-296
DSSTox_CID_7640
(R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
DSSTox_RID_78538
DSSTox_GSID_27640
(+-)-Malic acid
R-Malic acid
Malicum acidum
FEMA Number 2655
Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-
CAS-6915-15-7
CCRIS 2950
CCRIS 6567
L-(-)-MalicAcid
HSDB 1202
DL-hydroxysuccinic acid
Kyselina hydroxybutandiova
EINECS 210-514-9
EINECS 230-022-8
NSC 25941
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (-)-
(+-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
UNII-817L1N4CKP
Aepfelsaeure
NSC 9232
MFCD00004245
MFCD00064213
(+/-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (+-)-
H2mal
Racemic malic acid
MFCD00064212
.+-.-Malic acid
143435-96-5
Opera_ID_805
2-hydroxyl-succinic acid
DL-Malic acid, 99%
MALIC ACID [II]
MALIC ACID [MI]
MALIC ACID,(DL)
2-Hydroxydicarboxylic acid
MALIC ACID [FCC]
SCHEMBL856
2-hydroxy-butanedioic acid
bmse000046
bmse000904
MALIC ACID [INCI]
EC 210-514-9
EC 230-022-8
MALIC ACID [VANDF]
Malic acid-, (L-form)-
DL-Malic acid, >=99%
HYOSCYAMINEHYDROBROMIDE
Oprea1_130558
Oprea1_624131
MALIC ACID [USP-RS]
MALIC ACID [WHO-DD]
butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-
DL-Malic acid-2-[13C]
DL-HYDROXYSUCOINIC ACID
Butanedioic acid, (.+-.)-
DL(+/-)-MALIC ACID
GTPL2480
2-HYDROXY-SUCCINIC ACID
DL-HYROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
CHEMBL1455497
DTXSID0027640
BDBM92495
MALIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
MALIC ACID [USP IMPURITY]
DL-Malic acid, FCC, >=99%
HMS2358H06
HMS3371C13
DL-Malic acid, analytical standard
HY-Y1311
STR03457
(+/-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
Tox21_201536
Tox21_300372
s9001
STL283959
HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID [HSDB]
AKOS000120085
AKOS017278471
(+/-)-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
AM81418
CCG-266122
DB12751
DL-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00043225-02
NCGC00043225-03
NCGC00254259-01
NCGC00259086-01
DL-Malic acid, >=98% (capillary GC)
HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID, (+/-)-
SY003313
SY009804
DL-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
DB-016133
DL-Malic acid 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
DL-Malic acid, USP, 99.0-100.5%
CS-0017784
E 296
EU-0067046
FT-0605225
FT-0625484
FT-0625485
FT-0625539
FT-0632189
M0020
DL-Malic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
EN300-19229
A19426
C00711
C03668
D04843
DL-Malic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
DL-Malic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
M-0825
AB00443952-12
Malic acid, meets USP/NF testing specifications
4-ethoxyphenyltrans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate
L023999
Q190143
Q-201028
0C9A2DC0-FEA2-4864-B98B-0597CDD0AD06
F0918-0088
Z104473230
Malic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
MALIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF CRANBERRY LIQUID PREPARATION) [DSC]
Malic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
DL-Malic acid, meets analytical specification of FCC, E296, 99-100.5% (alkalimetric)

DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7)
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a white crystalline powder used in various laboratory applications, including organic synthesis and research.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5.


CAS Number: 6915-15-7
EC Number: 230-022-8
MDL number: MFCD00064212
Linear Formula: HO2CCH2CH(OH)CO2H
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a white crystalline powder.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an organic acid with the ability to form complexes with minerals.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is the most typical acid occurring in fruits, contributing to the sour taste.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is slight sour taste.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is soluble in water.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is obtained as a white, or nearly white, crystalline powder or granules having a slight odour and a strongly acidic taste.
The product is DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) in accordance with the standard of the Food Additive Specifications Compendium.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is almost odorless but does have a very slight peculiar odor and a peculiar acid taste.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a white crystalline powder used in various laboratory applications, including organic synthesis and research.
Aside from adding tartness to foods and beverages, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has been researched for a variety of health uses.
Malate, the ionized form of DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7), plays a small role in the Krebs Cycle, the primary way our bodies generate energy.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is the racemate of the metabolic intermediate L-malic acid.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) reduces CCL2 and ICAM expression induced by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in HaCaT human keratinocytes when used at a concentration of 1 mM.


Topical administration of DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) (10 mM) inhibits epidermis and dermis thickening, as well as mast cell and eosinophil dermal infiltration in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNBC).
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has a role as a food acidity regulator and a fundamental metabolite.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid and a C4-dicarboxylic acid.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is functionally related to a succinic acid.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a conjugate acid of a malate(2-) and a malate.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an alpha hydroxy acid.
Don't confuse DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) with other alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs).
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is soluble in acetone, ether, water, methanol and ethanol.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an organic compound.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is not to be confused with Maleic Acid or Malonic Acid.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) for Synthesis 6915-15-7 is a high-quality chemical reagent used in various laboratory applications, including organic synthesis and research.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an organic acid with the ability to form complexes with metals, DL-Hydroxybutanedioic Acid.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7), CAS# 617-48-1, is a isomer of L-Malic Acid manufactured through chemical synthesis, available as White crystals or crystalline powder.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is widely used as acidity regulator.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is affirmed by US FDA as GRAS(generally recognized as safe) and widely accepted as safe food additive in many countries with E number E296.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents and alkali metals.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a dicarboxylic acid widely used as acidity regulator in food and beverage.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone and many other polar solvents.


Malic acid, also known as 2 - hydroxy succinic acid, has two stereoisomers due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom in the molecule.
There are three forms in nature, namely D malic acid, L malic acid and its mixture DL malic acid.
White crystalline or crystalline powder with strong moisture absorption, easily soluble in water and ethanol.


Have a special pleasant sour taste.
Malic acid is mainly used in food and medicine industry.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6O5, which has two structures known as enantiomers.


L-malic acid occurs naturally in all organisms, while D-malic acid must be synthesized in the laboratory.
A mixture of D-malic acid and L-malic acid is called a racemic mixture, which is commonly known as DL-malic acid.
The Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele first isolated malic acid from apple juice in 1785. Its name comes from “malum,” which is the Latin word for apple.


Malic acid is a major contributor to the sourness in apples, although its concentration decreases as the apple ripens.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is often formed in organisms as an intermediate product of metabolic reactions involving pyruvate.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) also has many esters and salts known as malates that play critical biological roles.


Malates are a source of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle, and they are also an intermediate product in the citric acid cycle.
Malic Acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), although only the L-isomer exists naturally.
The salts and esters of Malic Acid are known as malates.


The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
Malic acid has a clean, smooth taste and persistent sourness, allowing it to be blended with multiple food acids, sugars, high intensity sweeteners and flavours to create unique taste experiences.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used for biochemistry.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Xerostomia, Depression, and Hypertension.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an alpha hydroxy acid found in certain fruits and wines.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7)'s used in foods and cosmetics, and sometimes as medicine.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is sour and acidic.
This helps to clear away dead skin cells when applied to the skin.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7)'s source also helps to make more saliva in people with dry mouth.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also involved in the Krebs cycle.
This is a process the body uses to make energy.


People commonly use DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) for dry mouth.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also used for acne, fibromyalgia, fatigue, wrinkled skin, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used for the acidification of musts and wines in the conditions set by the regulation.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used as a food additive.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a component of some artificial vinegar flavors.


Further, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used in the preparation of chiral compounds, including κ-opioid residue.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is utilized for chiral resolution by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an alpha-hydroxy acid found in certain fruits and wines.


Some people take DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) supplements to treat fatigue and dry mouth.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also used to make some medicines, add flavor to food, and serve as a natural exfoliating ingredient in many products used to improve skin tone.


Crystallization grade DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used for formulating screens or for optimization.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used for general analytical applications: quantitative or qualitative work
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used in a wide variety of analytical techniques.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also the primary flavor in rhubarb and is used to flavor “salt and vinegar” potato chips.
The uses of DL-malic acid generally relate to the role of malic acid in the production of chemical energy for both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These uses include the management of discomfort, energy production, oral hygiene and general detoxification.


Oral hygiene support: DL-malic acid may have antiseptic properties that make it useful for maintaining oral hygiene.
Energy support: DL-malic acid may help to maintain normal energy levels, especially for chronic conditions characterized by fatigue.
Detoxification: DL-malic acid can bind metal ions such as aluminum and lead.


This effect can help to support general health, especially for the brain and liver.
Discomfort management: DL-malic acid may help to manage muscular discomfort due to chronic conditions.
This use is most applicable for conditions characterized by low oxygen levels.


D-malic acid is primarily used in health supplements, typically in the form of DL-malic acid.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is the synthesized form and is commonly used in beverages, confectionery, and personal care.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used as an acidulant, an antioxidant flavouring agent, a buffering agent, and a chelating agent.


In pharmaceutical formulations, the substance is used as a general-purpose acidulant.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also used as an alternative to citric acid in effervescent powders, mouthwashes, and tooth- cleaning tablets.
In addition, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has chelating and antioxidant properties and may be used as a synergist, with butylated hydroxytoluene, to retard oxidation in vegetable oils.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is known as “best food acidity regulator” in biological and nutritional fields.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is widely used in foods such as wines, beverages, fruit juices and
chewing gums.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is not only the third food acidity regulator coming after citric acid and lactic acid, but also one of the biggest and most promising organic acids in food industry across the current world.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) can be added in cool drinks, powder drinks, lactic acid drinks, milk drinks and fruit juice drinks to improve their tastes and flavors.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is capable of gelatinating pectin and therefore can be used for making fruitcakes, jelly fruit juice, puree, etc.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) contains natural skin moisturizing elements.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used as color-keeper and antiseptic of juice.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a white crystals or crystalline powder, fairly hygroscopic, dissolving easily in water and alcohol.
This enables DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) to dissolve “sticky matters” between dry scale- like dead cells easily, so as to smooth wrinkles on skin and make the skin tender, white, bright, clean and elastic.


For this reason, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is very popular for its use in cosmetic formulae
DL-Malic Acid is used as acidulant, color retention agent, preservative and emulsion stabilizer in food industry, etc.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is commonly used as an acidulant, flavor enhancer, and pH regulator.


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used for research purposes only, not for human consumption.
Key applications of DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7): Buffer agent, Flavouring agent, Wine production, pH control, Acidifying agent, Personal care, and Anti-ageing products


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is white crystal or crystalline powder with high water absorbability and easily soluble in water and ethanol.
DL-Malic acid can be used as an acidulant in cool drinks (including lactobacillus drinks, milk drinks, carbonated drinks, cola), frozen foods (including sherbet and ice cream),processed foods (including wine and mayonnaise).


DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also used as emulsion stabilizer of egg yolk.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) also can be used as intermediate, cosmetic,rinse, metal cleaner, buffering agent, retarder in textile industry, fluorescent whitening agent of polyester fibre.


As a acidulants, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) can be used in a wide variety of industries including: food production, beverage, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agriculture/animal feed, and various other industries.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is widely used as acidity regulator.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is commonly used as an acidulant, flavor enhancer, and pH regulator in the food and beverage industry.


Formulations containing DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) have been used as food and cosmetic preservatives and acidity regulators.
Food industry, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used as acidulants, color retention agents, preservatives and emulsion stabilizers such as egg yolk, also used in pharmaceutical.


-Organic synthesis:
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is often used as a starting material or intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other fine chemicals.

Its versatile nature and reactivity make DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) a valuable compound in organic chemistry.
As a acidulants, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) can be used in a wide variety of industries including: food production, beverage, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agriculture/animal feed, and various other industries.


-Food and beverage industry:
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is commonly used as an acidulant, flavor enhancer, and pH regulator in the food and beverage industry.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) provides a pleasant tart taste and helps preserve the freshness of many products, including fruit juices, carbonated beverages, and confectionery items.



SKINCARE USES OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is an alpha hydroxy acid, which is said to be a natural exfoliator.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) may be used to smooth wrinkles and fine lines, improve skin texture, cleanse pores, and improve overall skin.
Because of this, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has been used in various skincare products.

A small study published in 2013 found DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) to be beneficial in the treatment of melasma, a common disorder marked by patches of abnormally dark skin.
For the study, researchers assigned people with melasma to a skin-care regimen that included DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7), along with vitamin C.

At the end of the study, researchers concluded that using DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) as a regular part of a skincare regimen could help improve the appearance of melasma.
It should be pointed out that this study used a combination of DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) and vitamin C.

This means that even though the researchers concluded that DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) was a beneficial component of the study, there is no way to know if the results were because of the DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) alone, the vitamin C alone, or a combination of both.



INDUSTRIES OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
*Beauty & Personal Care
*Food & Nutrition



FUNCTIONAL CLASS OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
Flavouring Agent
FLAVOURING_AGENTFood Additives
ACIDITY_REGULATOR



FUNCTIONS OF APPLICATIONS OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
(1) In food industry:
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) can be used in the processing and concoction of beverage, liqueur, fruit juice and the manufacture of candy and jam etc.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) also has effects of bacteria inhibition and antisepsis and can remove tartrate during wine brewing.

(2) In tobacco industry:
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) derivative (such as esters) can improve the aroma of tobacco.

(3)In pharmaceutical industry:
The troches and syrup compounded with DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) have fruit taste and can facilitate their absorption and diffusion in the body.



RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic Acid is extensively used in scientific research and development for its unique properties.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is often employed as a standard in analytical techniques, such as chromatography, to calibrate and validate analytical instruments.



PRECAUTIONS AND HANDLING OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) for Synthesis is intended for laboratory use only.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is not suitable for human consumption and should be handled with care.
When working with DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7), it is important to observe good laboratory practices, including wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles.



STORAGE OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.
When stored properly, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has a long shelf life and can be used for an extended period of time.



PACKAGING OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) for Synthesis is available in various packaging options to suit different needs.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is commonly supplied in tightly sealed containers, such as glass bottles or plastic bags, to ensure its quality and integrity during transportation and storage.



FUNCTIONS OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
1.Pain release and reduce the feeling of tiredness or fibromyalgia.
This make it useful in medicine or some health product making.
2.Energy improvement.
3.Food Additive: In foods, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is used as a flavoring additive to give food a tart taste.
4. Skin care or protection: DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is also a common additive to skin care products.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has been used in skin products for its exfoliating ability.



PURITY OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
The DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) for Synthesis is guaranteed to have a minimum purity of 98%.
This high level of purity ensures accurate and reliable results in scientific experiments and research.



PROPERTIES OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
1. Compared with citric acid, malic acid has higher acidity (20 percent higher)
2. DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has lower quantity of heat, softer taste, higher buffering factor and more lasting time
3. DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) contains natural skin moisturizing elements



CHEMICAL FORMULA AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has a chemical formula of C4H6O5 and a molecular weight of 134.09 g/mol.



SIGNS YOU MAY NEED DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
Chronic conditions characterized by discomfort and fatigue are some of the most common indications that you may need DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7), especially fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.

DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) may also help with other conditions that cause discomfort in the muscles, tendons and ligaments.
The presence of metal-based toxins is another condition that may mean you need DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7).
You may also benefit from DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) if you have infections in the mouth due to low saliva production.


SOLUBILITY OF DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is highly soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone.
This makes DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) easy to incorporate into various solvents and solutions, allowing for versatile use in the laboratory.



KIDNEY STONES, DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
Kidney stones are painful and can affect many people.
DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) has been researched for its potential role in preventing and treating kidney stones.

In one preliminary study set in a lab, DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) was found to increase urine pH levels, making kidney stone formation less likely.
The researchers concluded that DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) supplementation might help treat calcium kidney stones.

A 2016 review on the importance of a healthy diet to prevent kidney stones suggested pears could be a potential treatment option.
Per the review, the DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) in pears may be used to prevent the formation of kidney stones.
This is because DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) is a precursor for citrate, a compound that inhibits crystal growth in the kidneys.



FIBROMYALGIA, DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
A pilot study from 1995 found that taking DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) in combination with magnesium helped alleviate pain and tenderness in people with fibromyalgia.

In the small study, researchers assigned 24 people with fibromyalgia to treatment with either a placebo or a combination of DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) and magnesium.
After six months, those treated with the DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7)/magnesium combination showed a significant improvement in pain and tenderness.

However, because a combination of magnesium and DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) was used in the study, we do not know which was responsible for the positive results.
There remains a lack of more recent research on DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7)'s effectiveness as a fibromyalgia treatment.



DRY MOUTH, DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
The use of a 1% oral DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) spray has been explored as a treatment for dry mouth.
One study evaluated people with dry mouth caused by antidepressants.
Participants were randomized to receive either a 1% DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) spray or a placebo.

After two weeks of using the sprays as needed, those using the DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) spray had improved dry mouth symptoms and increased rates of saliva flow.
Similar results were seen in a different study looking at DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) for dry mouth caused by blood pressure medications.
At the end of this two-week study, participants who used the 1% DL-Malic acid (CAS 6915-15-7) spray had less dry mouth and more saliva compared with the placebo group.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
CAS Number: 6915-15-7
Molecular Weight: 134.09
FEMA Number: 2655
Beilstein: 1723539
EC Number: 230-022-8
MDL number: MFCD00064212
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: characteristic
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 131 - 133 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 203 °C
Autoignition temperature: 340 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 646,6 g/l at 20 °C - completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,6 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
CAS number: 6915-15-7
EC number: 230-022-8
Hill Formula: C₄H₆O₅
Molar Mass: 134.09 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 19 98
Density: 1.6 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 203 °C

Ignition temperature: 349 °C
Melting Point: 131 - 133 °C
pH value: 2.3 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 800 kg/m3
Solubility: 558 g/l
Molecular Weight: 134.09 g/mol
XLogP3: -1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 134.02152329 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 134.02152329 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 94.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 129
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C4H6O5 = 134.09
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
CAS RN: 6915-15-7
Reaxys Registry Number: 1723539
PubChem Substance ID: 87572138
Merck Index (14): 5707
MDL Number: MFCD00064212
CAS: 6915-15-7
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 134.087
MDL Number: MFCD00064212
InChI Key: BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 525
ChEB: CHEBI:6650
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
SMILES: C(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O

Melting Point: 128.0°C to 132.0°C
Assay Percent Range: 99+%
Linear Formula: HO2CCH2CH(OH)CO2H
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 558g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: 82.70 g/100 g methanol-17.75 g/100 g
acetone (20°C, 45.53 g/100 g ethanol-20.70 g/ 100 g)
dioxane (20°C, 0.84 g/100 g diethyl ether (20°C),
practically insoluble in benzene
Formula Weight: 134.09
Percent Purity: 99+%
Flash Point: 203°C
Chemical Name or Material: DL-Malic acid
CAS: 617-48-1
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5
Molecular Weight: 134.09
Storage Details: Ambient
Harmonised Tariff Code: 29181998 EXP 2918199890 IMP
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5
Molecular Weight: 134.08864
InChI: InChI=1/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/p-2/t2-/m1/s1

CAS Registry Number: 617-48-1;6915-15-7
EINECS: 210-514-9
Melting point: 130-132℃
Boiling point: 306.4°C at 760 mmHg
Flash point: 153.4°C
Water solubility: 558 g/L (20℃)
Vapour Pressur: 7.19E-05mmHg at 25°C
CAS Number: 6915-15-7
Synonyms: DL-Malic acid, DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid, Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Chemical formula: C4H6O5
Molecular weight: 134.09 g/mol
Purity: ≥ 98%
Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone
Molecular Formula: C4H6O5
Molar Mass: 134.09
Density: 1,609 g/cm3
Melting Point: 131-133°C(lit.)
Boling Point: 150℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Specific Rotation(α): [α]D20 -0.5~+0.5° (c=5, H2O)
Flash Point: 203°C

Water Solubility: 500g/L at 25℃
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol, slightly soluble in ether, insoluble in benzene.
Vapor Presure: Vapor Density: 4.6 (vs air)
Appearance: White crystal or crystalline powder
Color: White to Off-White
pKa: pK1:3.458;pK2:5.097 (25°C)
Storage Condition: Refrigerator
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, amines, alkali metals, carbonates.
Sensitive: Sensitive to light
MDL: MFCD00064212
MDL:MFCD00064212
InChIKey:BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Inchi:1S/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)
SMILES:O([H])C([H])(C(=O)O[H])C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H]
BRN:1723539
Exact Mass: 134.02200
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5

Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Monoisotopic Mass: 134.02152329 g/mol
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Complexity: 129
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count : 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
XLogP3: -1.3
Tautomer Count: nothing
Surface Charge: 0
Topological Polar Surface Area: 94.8
Molecular Weight: 134.09
LogP: -1.09340
PSA: 94.83000

Merck: 5707
Refractive Index: 1.3920 (estimate)
Water Partition Coefficient: 558G/L(20ºC)
Boiling Point: 306.4°C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 131-133 °C (lit.)
Vapor Pressure: Flash Point: 203ºC
Solubility: methanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
Color/Form: Powder
PH: 2.3 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Solubility: It is easily soluble in water and ethanol, but poorly soluble in ether and benzene.
It is easy to deliquesce, and the pH value of 1% aqueous solution is 2.34.
Sensitiveness: Sensitive to light
pka: 3.4(at 25℃)
Optical Activity: [α]/D −0.10 to +0.10°
Density: 1.609
Odor: Characteristic



FIRST AID MEASURES of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DL-MALIC ACID (CAS 6915-15-7):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
DL-MALIC ACID
2-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
2-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
(±)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
DL-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid
DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid
malic acid
DL-malic acid
6915-15-7
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
617-48-1
malate
hydroxysuccinic acid
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-
Kyselina jablecna
hydroxybutanedioic acid
Pomalus acid
Malic acid, DL-
Deoxytetraric acid
Hydroxybutandisaeure
Musashi-no-Ringosan
Caswell No. 537
Monohydroxybernsteinsaeure
FDA 2018
R,S(+-)-Malic acid
alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Malicum acidum
Pomalous acid
DL-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
Succinic acid, hydroxy-
FEMA Number 2655
2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Malic acid [NF]
Aepfelsaeure
FEMA No. 2655
CCRIS 2950
CCRIS 6567
(+/-)-Malic acid
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051101
HSDB 1202
d,l-malic acid
AI3-06292
H2mal
EINECS 210-514-9
EINECS 230-022-8
UNII-817L1N4CKP
NSC 25941
NSC-25941
Apple acid
817L1N4CKP
CHEBI:6650
INS NO.296
DTXSID0027640
E296
INS NO. 296
INS-296
Malic acid, L-
L-Malic acid-1-13C
BUTANEDIOIC ACID, HYDROXY-, (S)-
MLS000084707
DTXCID107640
E-296
(+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid
dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
EC 210-514-9
EC 230-022-8
NSC25941
Malic acid (NF)
DL-MALIC-2,3,3-D3 ACID
SMR000019054
DL-Apple Acid
HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID, (+/-)-
MALIC ACID (II)
MALIC ACID [II]
(R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
MALIC ACID (USP-RS)
MALIC ACID [USP-RS]
(+-)-Malic acid
R-Malic acid
MALIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH)
MALIC ACID (USP IMPURITY)
MALIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
MALIC ACID [USP IMPURITY]
Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-
CAS-6915-15-7
L-(-)-MalicAcid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (-)-
(+-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid
NSC 9232
MFCD00064213
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (+-)-
Racemic malic acid
180991-05-3
(+/-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
MFCD00064212
Malic Acid1524
.+-.-Malic acid
Opera_ID_805
2-hydroxyl-succinic acid
DL-Malic acid, 99%
MALIC ACID [MI]
MALIC ACID,(DL)
2-Hydroxydicarboxylic acid
MALIC ACID [FCC]
SCHEMBL856
2-hydroxy-butanedioic acid
bmse000046
bmse000904
MALIC ACID [INCI]
MALIC ACID [VANDF]
Malic acid-, (L-form)-
DL-Malic acid, >=99%
HYOSCYAMINEHYDROBROMIDE
Oprea1_130558
Oprea1_624131
MALIC ACID [WHO-DD]
butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-
Butanedioic acid, (.+-.)-
GTPL2480
2-HYDROXY-SUCCINIC ACID
CHEMBL1455497
BDBM92495
DL-Malic acid, FCC, >=99%
HMS2358H06
HMS3371C13
DL-Malic acid, analytical standard
HY-Y1311
STR03457
Tox21_201536
Tox21_300372
s9001
HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID [HSDB]
AKOS000120085
AKOS017278471
AM81418
CCG-266122
DB12751
DL-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00043225-02
NCGC00043225-03
NCGC00254259-01
NCGC00259086-01
DL-Malic acid, >=98% (capillary GC)
SY003313
SY009804
DL-Malic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
DL-Malic acid 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
DL-Malic acid, USP, 99.0-100.5%
CS-0017784
E 296
EU-0067046
FT-0605225
FT-0625484
FT-0625485
FT-0625539
FT-0632189
M0020
DL-Malic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
EN300-19229
A19426
C00711
C03668
D04843
DL-Malic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
M-0825
AB00443952-12
Malic acid, meets USP/NF testing specifications
4-ethoxyphenyltrans-4-propylcyclohexanecarboxylate
L023999
Q190143
Q-201028
0C9A2DC0-FEA2-4864-B98B-0597CDD0AD06
F0918-0088
Z104473230
MALIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF CRANBERRY LIQUID PREPARATION)
Malic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
MALIC ACID (CONSTITUENT OF CRANBERRY LIQUID PREPARATION) [DSC]
Malic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
DL-Malic acid, meets analytical specification of FCC, E296, 99-100.5% (alkalimetric)
(±)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid or DL-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
HO2CCH2CH(OH)CO2H
(+/-)-2-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
DL-APPLE ACID
DL-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
DL-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
DL-HYDROXYSUCOINIC ACID
DL-HYROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
DL-MALATE
DL(+/-)-MALIC ACID
DL-MALIC ACID
(+/-)-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
(+/-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
(+/-)-MALIC ACID
MALIC ACID
MALIC ACID, DL-
alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid
alpha-hydroxysuccinicacid
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-
commonmalicacid
Deoxytetraric acid
deoxytetraricacid
DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Malicacidpfelsure
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
(2R)-2-hydroxybutanedioate
Malic acid
Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-
Malic acid
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
α-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Hydroxysuccinic acid
2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Pomalus Acid
Deoxytetraric acid
2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Musashi-no-Ringosan
Hydroxybutanedioic acid
dl-Malic acid
FDA 2018
(±)-Malic acid
DL-Malic acid
R,S(±)-Malic acid
E 296
NSC 25941
Nanoveson M
Xeros
Monohydroxybutanedioic acid
Purac Powder MA
Purac MA
Fuso M
DN 1992
MeSH ID: D008293
C00711
Malic acid
DL-Malic acid
MALIC ACID, DL-
Malicacidpfelsure
Musashi-no-Ringosan
DL-Hydroxysuccinic acid
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
(2R)-2-hydroxybutanedioate



DL-TARTARIC ACID
DL-Tartaric acid is used as a synergist for antioxidants, emulsifier, sequestrant and flavoring agent.
It is also added with citric acid to prepare effervescent salts, thereby enhancing the taste of oral medications.
It is also utilized in pigments, processing aids, ink, toner and colorant products.

CAS: 133-37-9
MF: C4H6O6
MW: 150.09
EINECS: 205-105-7

Synonyms:
DL-Tartaric acid; 2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid; tartaric acid; 2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid; 526-83-0; 133-37-9; Racemic acid; Uvic acid; Traubensaure; Racemic tartaric acid; DL-Tartrate; Paratartaric acid; Paratartaric aicd; BUTANEDIOIC ACID, 2,3-DIHYDROXY-; Resolvable tartaric acid; NSC62778; Tartaric acid D,L; Baros; CHEBI:15674; dl-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid; (2RS,3RS)-Tartaric acid; tartrate; E-7050 (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid; NSC 148314; Tartaric acid, L-(+)-; 2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid; C4H6O6; 1007601-97-9; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-(R*,R*)-(.+/-.)-; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-; Tartaric acid (VAN); Kyselina vinna [Czech]; NSC155080; Tartaric acid [USAN:JAN]; 2,3-Dihydrosuccinic acid; (.+-.)-Tartaric acid; DTXSID5046986; d-alpha,beta-Dihydroxysuccinic acid; MFCD00071626; NSC-148314; Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova [Czech]; (+) tartaric acid; (-) tartaric acid; 1,2-dicarboxylic acid; WLN: QVYQYQVQ; (-) D-Tartaric acid; Sal tartar (Salt/Mix); Tartaric acid, (DL)-; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (R-(R*,R*))-; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, [S-(R*,R*)]-; Malic acid, 3-hydroxy-; 2,3-Dihydroxysuccinicacid; Succinic acid,3-dihydroxy; SCHEMBL848; bmse000167; Succinic acid,3-dihydroxy-; (.+/-.)-Tartaric acid; Oprea1_827092; TARTARIC ACID, (L); Tartaric acid, (.+-.)-; Butanedioic acid,3-dihydroxy-; CHEMBL333714; Dihydroxysuccinic acid, (DL)-; Tartaric acid, (.+/-.)-; DTXCID3026986; DTXSID501031477; HMS3370M15; (+)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid; BCP14303; Tox21_302052; MFCD00064206; NSC133735; NSC148314; NSC608773; s2997; 2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, (DL)-; 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid; AKOS000120086; AKOS016844048; NSC-133735; NSC-608773; SB44180; SB44181; SMP2_000051; d-.alpha.,.beta.-Dihydroxysuccinic acid; NCGC00256063-01; NCGC00347131-03; AS-10983; CAS-133-37-9; NCI60_001102; (+)-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-butanedioic acid; AM20110247; CS-0022654; FT-0624346; FT-0625514; FT-0628018; FT-0628243; FT-0656080; FT-0772946; FT-0773804; NS00078822; NS00079339; NS00079739; T0001; (+/-)-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-butanedioic acid; EN300-19175; A22866; Butanedioic acid,3-dihydroxy- [R-(R*,R*)]-; A829202; Q194322; Butanedioic acid,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-(.+-.)-; F2191-0230; Z104473036; 1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; 2,3-Dihydrosuccinic acid; (2S,3S)-(-)-Tartaric acid; D(-)-Threaric acid; D(-)-Dihydroxysuccinic acid; Copper, mixt. with [R-(R*,R*)]-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid monopotassium salt.

It acts as a chelating agent in metal and farming industries.
Further, it is used as lubricant and grease. It is mixed with sodium bicarbonate and used as a leavening agent in food preparation.
In the pharmaceutical industry, it is utilized in the preparation of tartar emetic, which is used in cough syrup as an expectorant.

DL-Tartaric acid is a calcium salt of tartaric acid.
It is used as a standard in the analysis of total calcium and tartaric acid content in beverages, wines, foodstuffs, and pharmaceuticals.
DL-Tartaric acid can be used to prepare standard solutions for the determination of benzalkonium chloride and other natural compounds by chromatographic methods.
The rate constants for the reaction between DL-tartaric acid and calcium pantothenate have been determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
The fluorescence intensity of chemiluminescent reactions with DL-tartaric acid has been found to be proportional to the concentration of tartrate ions in solution.
X-ray diffraction data confirm that DL-tartaric acid is an orthorhombic crystal system with space group P2/c.


DL-Tartaric acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 210-212 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 191.59°C (rough estimate)
Alpha: [α]D20 -0.2~+0.2° (c=20, H2O)
Density: 1.788
Vapor pressure: <0.1 hPa (20 °C)
FEMA: 3044 | TARTARIC ACID (D-, L-, DL-, MESO-)
Refractive index: 1.5860 (estimate)
Fp: 210 °C
Storage temp: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear
Form: Liquid
Pka: 3.03, 4.37(at 25℃)
Color: White
PH: 3.19(1 mM solution);2.58(10 mM solution);2.03(100 mM solution);
Odor: at 100.00 %. very mild caramellic
Odor Type: odorless
Water Solubility: soluble
Merck: 14,9069
JECFA Number: 621
BRN: 1725148
Dielectric constant: 35.9(-10℃)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, silver.
InChIKey: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.43
CAS DataBase Reference: 133-37-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: DL-Tartaric(133-37-9)

Chemical Properties
DL-Tartaric acid is a water- and alcohol-soluble colorless crystalline solid with a characteristic acid taste and a melting temperature of 170°C(338°F).
Naturally occurring tartaric acid is generally of the L-configuration (based on the absolute configuration of D-glyceric acid).
The L-forms of tartrates are dextrorotatory in solution and thus are designated as L(+)-tartrates.
It is also known as dihydroxy succinic acid.
Tartaric acid is used as a chemical intermediate and a sequestrant,as well as in tanning, effervescent beverages, baking powder, ceramics, photography, textile processing,mirror silvering,and metal coloring.

Uses
DL-Tartaric acid is used as a synergist for antioxidants, emulsifier, sequestrant and flavoring agent.
It is also added with citric acid to prepare effervescent salts, thereby enhancing the taste of oral medications.
It is also utilized in pigments, processing aids, ink, toner and colorant products.
It acts as a chelating agent in metal and farming industries.
Further, it is used as lubricant and grease.
It is mixed with sodium bicarbonate and used as a leavening agent in food preparation.
In the pharmaceutical industry, it is utilized in the preparation of tartar emetic, which is used in cough syrup as an expectorant.

In the Debus–Radziszewski reaction as a weak acid for the synthesis of imidazolium ionic liquid.
As an additive in electrochemical deposition technique for the synthesis of bismuth thin films to be used as X-ray absorbers.
As a complexing agent for the synthesis of nano-crystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) powder.
As a dopant for the synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers and nanotubes by oxidation polymerization.

Preparation
The tartrates used in commerce are obtained as a by-product of wine manufacture and have the L(+) configuration. Produced from argols or wine lees, which are formed in the manufacture of wine by extracting the potassium acid tartrate, transforming this into the calcium salt and then acidifying with dilute sulfuric acid; also by oxidation of d-glucose with nitric acid.
The dl-tartaric acid is obtained by boiling the d-tartaric acid with an aqueous solution of NaOH or by oxidation of fumaric acid.
The l- and the meso-tartaric acid are also known, but are less important.
DL-TARTARIC ACID
CAS NUMBER: 133-37-9

EC NUMBER: 205-695-6

MOLECULAR FORMULA: COOH(CHOH)2COOH

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 150.09 g/mol

IUPAC NAME: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid



DL-Tartaric Acid is the D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.
DL-Tartaric Acid has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a conjugate acid of a D-tartrate(1-).
DL-Tartaric Acid is an enantiomer of a L-tartaric acid.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli
DL-Tartaric Acid is a white crystalline dicarboxylic acid found in many plants, particularly tamarinds and grapes.
DL-Tartaric Acid is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration.

DL-Tartaric Acid has been used as food additives such as sour seasonings.
DL-Tartaric Acid can also widely be used as industrial chemicals such as starting materials for detergents.

DL-Tartaric Acid is used as an acidulant, pH control, and flavorant in wine.
DL-Tartaric Acid is also used as an anti-microbial agent

In the pharmaceutical industry, DL-Tartaric Acid is used as an excipient for drugs with poor solubility at higher pH levels.
DL-Tartaric Acid is used as an anti-set agent in cement formulations in the construction industry.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a white, crystalline powder.
DL-Tartaric Acid is mainly used in the food industry as an acidulant or ingredient producing emulsifier

DL-Tartaric Acid can be used as a starting material for pyruvate.
DL-Tartaric Acid is widely used as beverages and other food acidifier, similar to the use and citric acid.

DL-Tartaric Acid also used as split agent for pharmaceutical, food additives, chemical and biological reagents
DL-Tartaric Acid is a colorless and semi-transparent or white powder, with a sour taste.

DL-Tartaric Acid can be used as a beer vesicant, foodstuff sourness agent, and flavoring etc.
DL-Tartaric Acid is also very important for the tannage, photograph, glass, enamel and telecommunication equipment industries.

DL-Tartaric Acid can be used to produce a blueprint
DL-Tartaric Acid is used for chromatographic analysis of reagent and a masking agent.

DL-Tartaric Acid's usage also covers the construction industry as a retarder, metal complexing agent for electroplating industry.
DL-Tartaric Acid is a dicarboxylic acid available as a white crystalline powder.

DL-Tartaric Acid can be used in areas below:
-As an acidulant, or ingredient producing emulsifier in the food industry;
-As retarder in the construction industry;
-As an intermediate, resolving agent or salt-forming agent in the pharmaceutical industry;
-As a complexing agent, chelating agent or antiscaling agent in the electroplating and polishing industry;
-As fruit acid in the cosmetic industry.

USES:
DL-Tartaric Acid is a white, crystalline acid
DL-Tartaric Acid is widely used as an intermediate or resolving agent in the pharmaceutical industry.
DL-Tartaric Acid is white powder

DL-Tartaric Acid widely used in the food industry
DL-Tartaric Acid is used as a foaming agent of beer

DL-Tartaric Acid also used as an acid taste agent
DL-Tartaric Acid can be used as a taste modified agent

DL-Tartaric Acid is mainly used to make tartaric acid salts, like potassium sodium tartrate
DL-Tartaric Acid can also be served as a beer vesicant, foodstuff sourness agent and flavouring etc.

DL-Tartaric Acid's chemical formula is HOOC(CHOH)2COOH
DL-Tartaric Acid is a water- and alcohol-soluble colourless crystalline solid

DL-Tartaric Acid has an acid taste
DL-Tartaric Acid's melting point is 170°C
DL-Tartaric Acid is also known as dihydroxy succinic acid.

DL-Tartaric Acid is used as:
-a chemical intermediate
-a sequestrant, as well as in tanning
-effervescent beverages
-baking powder
-ceramics
-photography
-textile processing
-mirror silvering
-metal colouring

DL-Tartaric Acid is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid
DL-Tartaric Acid is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 150.09 g/mol

-XLogP3-AA: -1.9

-Exact Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol

-Monoisotopic Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 115Ų

-Physical Description: Colorless or white odorless solid

-Boiling Point: 399.26 °C

-Melting Point: 172.5°C

-Flash Point: 210 °C

-Solubility: 20.6 g/100ml

-Density: 1.79

-Autoignition Temperature: 425 °C


DL-Tartaric Acid is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.
DL-Tartaric Acid has been known to winemakers for centuries.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a white crystalline diprotic organic acid.
DL-Tartaric Acid occurs naturally in many plants, particularly in grapes, bananas, and tamarinds.


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6

-Rotatable Bond Count: 3

-Heavy Atom Count: 10

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 134

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Chemical Classes: Other Classes -> Organic Acids


DL-Tartaric Acid is also one of the main acids found in wine.
DL-Tartaric Acid can be added to food when a sour taste is desired.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a white, crystalline organic acid with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that occur naturally in many fruits.
These properties help to stimulate overall helps to boost an individual's immune systems.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a dicarboxylic acid, which is notably found in different fruits such as grapes, bananas, tamarind and citrus.
DL-Tartaric Acid is also obtained from wine fermentation by-products by salts, potassium bitartrate, also known as tartar cream.

DL-Tartaric Acid is an important ingredient in bakery items where, when mixed with baking powder, it acts as a leavening agent.
DL-Tartaric Acid also improves fruit flavours and in baked goods stabilizes batter structures and colour.
DL-Tartaric Acid extracts serve as buffers in the winemaking cycle to control antioxidant E334, acidity and preservatives; in other food items, they act as natural flavour enhancers and food emulsifiers.

DL-Tartaric Acid is freely soluble in water
DL-Tartaric Acid is sparingly soluble in ethanol

DL-Tartaric Acid is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration.
DL-Tartaric Acid is an organic acid naturally found in fruits including grapes and tamarind.

DL-Tartaric Acid is a principal ingredient in wine and provides it with the characteristic tart taste.
DL-Tartaric Acid is primarily manufactured from natural raw materials

However, DL-Tartaric Acid can also be manufactured synthetically from maleic anhydride.
DL-Tartaric Acid is found in cream of tartar, which is used in making candies and frostings for cakes.
DL-Tartaric Acid is also used in baking powder where it serves as the source of acid that reacts with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).

DL-Tartaric Acid is used as a synergist for antioxidants, emulsifier, sequestrant and flavoring agent.
DL-Tartaric Acid is also added with citric acid to prepare effervescent salts, thereby enhancing the taste of oral medications.

DL-Tartaric Acid is also utilized in pigments, processing aids, ink, toner and colorant products.
DL-Tartaric Acid acts as a chelating agent in metal and farming industries.

Further, DL-Tartaric Acid is used as lubricant and grease.
DL-Tartaric Acid is mixed with sodium bicarbonate and used as a leavening agent in food preparation.
In the pharmaceutical industry, DL-Tartaric Acid is utilized in the preparation of tartar emetic, which is used in cough syrup as an expectorant.


SYNONYMS:

d-Tartaric acid
147-71-7
D-(-)-Tartaric acid
(2S,3S)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid
D(-)-TARTARIC ACID
(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
(-)-Tartaric acid
D-threaric acid
(-)-D-Tartaric acid
DL-Tartaric acid
(2S,3S)-(-)-Tartaric acid
(S,S)-Tartaric acid
(-)-(S,S)-Tartaric acid
(S,S)-(-)-Tartaric acid
(2S,3S)-Tartaric acid
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (2S,3S)-
S-Bacampicillin
levo-Tartaric acid
unusual tartaric acid
D-(-)-tartaricacid
UNII-RRX6A4PL3C
RRX6A4PL3C
tartaric acid
CHEBI:15672
EINECS 205-695-6
133-37-9
106449-07-4
tartrate
(+/-)-Tartaric Acid
DTXSID5046986
Linksweinsaeure
C4-H6-O6
Levotartaric Acid
1rpa
levo tartaric acid
(-)-Weinsaeure
MFCD00004238
D-()-Tartaric acid
E-7050 (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid
(+)-D-tartaric acid
(- )- tartaric acid
NSC-155080
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (S-(R*,R*))-
(2s, 3s)-tartaric acid
D0K2BZ
TARTARIC ACID, D-
Tartaric acid, D-(-)-
NCIStruc1_000172
NCIStruc2_000222
MLS001076664
D-TARTARIC ACID
DL-Tartaric acid, >=99%
SCHEMBL116846
UNNATURAL TARTARIC ACID
CHEMBL1200861
D-(-)-Tartaric acid, 99%
DTXSID4043775
(2S,3S) (-) tartaric acid
HMS2231C23
1007601-97-9
D-threo-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid
CCG-38066
MFCD00071626
NCGC00014424
NCI155080
s3134
AKOS005067832
DB01694
DS-3383
D-(-)-Tartaric acid
NCGC00014424-02
NCGC00097529-01
BP-13000
BP-31023
DL-Tartaric acid
E334
SMR000499572
AM20080237
CS-0017144
T0026
D-(-)-Tartaric acid
EN300-72270
(2R/S,3R/S)-dihydroxy-1,4-butanedioic acid
A22830
C02107
D78024
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, [S-(R,R)]-
DL-Tartaric acid
J-006363
J-501029
Q23034947
(S,S)-Tartaric acid;Tartaric acid;D-(-)-Tartaric acid
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (S-(theta,theta))-
Z1147451575
D-(-)-Tartaric acid
DL-Tartaric acid, anhydrous
(-)-Tartaric acid
(-)-tartaric acid
(-)-tartaric acid
(-)-Weinsäure
(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate
(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
D-(-)-Tartaric Acid
tartaric acid
D-(−)-Tartaric acid
(-)-(S,S)-tartaric acid
(-)-D-tartaric acid
(-)-tartaric acid
(2S,3S)-(-)-Tartaric acid
(2S,3S)-(−)-Tartaric acid
(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
(2S,3S)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid
(2S,3S)-tartaric acid
(S,S)-(-)-tartaric acid
(S,S)-tartaric acid
[S-(R*,R*)]-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid
526-83-0 [RN]
Acide (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinique
Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (2S,3S)-
D-(-)-Tartaric Acid
D(-)-TARTARIC ACID
D-2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
DL-Tartaric acid concentrate
D-Tartaric Acid
D-threaric acid
d-​(-​)​-​tartaric acid
D(-)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic Acid
D(-)TARTARIC ACID
D-(-)-Tartaric acid|(2S,3S)-(-)-Tartaric acid
D-(-)-Tartaricacid
D-(?)-Tartaric acid
d-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid

DL-TARTARIC ACID, 99%
DESCRIPTION:

DL-Tartaric acid is used as a synergist for antioxidants, emulsifier, sequestrant and flavoring agent.
DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% is also added with citric acid to prepare effervescent salts, thereby enhancing the taste of oral medications.
DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% is also utilized in pigments, processing aids, ink, toner and colorant products.


CAS: 133-37-9
EC Number:205-105-7


SYNONYM(S) OF DL-TARTARIC ACID, 99%:
DL-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid

Linear Formula:HOOC(CHOH)2COOH
CAS Number:133-37-9
Molecular Weight:150.09
Beilstein:1725148
EC Number:205-105-7


DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% acts as a chelating agent in metal and farming industries.
Further, DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% is used as lubricant and grease.
DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% is mixed with sodium bicarbonate and used as a leavening agent in food preparation.
In the pharmaceutical industry, DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% is utilized in the preparation of tartar emetic, which is used in cough syrup as an expectorant.


APPLICATIONS OF DL-TARTARIC ACID, 99%:
DL-Tartaric acid can be used:

In the Debus–Radziszewski reaction as a weak acid for the synthesis of imidazolium ionic liquid.
As an additive in electrochemical deposition technique for the synthesis of bismuth thin films to be used as X-ray absorbers.
As a complexing agent for the synthesis of nano-crystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) powder.
As a dopant for the synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers and nanotubes by oxidation polymerization.


DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% is used as a synergist for antioxidants, emulsifier, sequestrant and flavoring agent.
DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% is also added with citric acid to prepare effervescent salts, thereby enhancing the taste of oral medications.

DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% is also utilized in pigments, processing aids, ink, toner and colorant products.
DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% acts as a chelating agent in metal and farming industries.

Further, DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% is used as lubricant and grease. It is mixed with sodium bicarbonate and used as a leavening agent in food preparation.
In the pharmaceutical industry, DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% is utilized in the preparation of tartar emetic, which is used in cough syrup as an expectorant.

Solubility:
Soluble in water, alcohol, mineral acids and alkalies.


DL-Tartaric acid can be used In the Debus–Radziszewski reaction as a weak acid for the synthesis of imidazolium ionic liquid.
DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% is used As an additive in electrochemical deposition technique for the synthesis of bismuth thin films to be used as X-ray absorbers.

DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% is used As a complexing agent for the synthesis of nano-crystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) powder.
DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% is used As a dopant for the synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers and nanotubes by oxidation polymerization.

DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% and its salts are used as food additives to regulate acidity.
They are labeled in accordance with European Union standards: tartaric acid E334, sodium tartrate E335, potassium tartrate E336, sodium potassium tartrate E337.
DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% and its salts are also used in the production of processed cheeses.

Potassium antimonyl tartrate (COOK- (CHOH) 2COOSbO), also known as an emetic, was used as an emetic.
DL-Tartaric Acid, 99% or sodium hydrogen tartrate is used in chemical analysis to detect potassium ions



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DL-TARTARIC ACID, 99%:
Quality Level
200
product line
ReagentPlus®
Assay
99%
mp
210-212 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
O[C@@H]([C@H](O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI
1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t1-,2-/m0/s1
InChI key
FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-LWMBPPNESA-N
Melting Point, 210°C to 212°C (decomposition)
Beilstein, 1725148
Merck Index, 14,9069
Solubility Information, Soluble in water,alcohol,mineral acids and alkalies.
Formula Weight, 150.09
Percent Purity, 99%
Quantity, 250 g
Chemical Name or Material, DL-Tartaric acid
CAS
133-37-9
IUPAC Name
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
Molecular Formula
C4H6O6
InChI Key
FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYNA-N
SMILES
OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
Molecular Weight (g/mol)
150.09
Synonym
(.+-.)-tartaric acid|DL−Tartaric acid|Paratartaric acid|Racemic tartaric acid|Uvic acid
MDL Number
MFCD00071626
Appearance (Color)
White
Appearance (Form)
Crystalline powder
Infrared spectrum
Conforms
Melting point
200°C to 206°C
Titration with NaOH
>=99.4 %
Loss on drying
=Heavy metals (as Pb)
=Sulfated ash
=Specific optical rotation
-0.5° to +0.5° (20°C, 589 nm) (c=20, H2O)
Appearance (Colour)
White
Appearance (Form)
Crystalline compound
Solubility (Turbidity) 5% aq. solution
Clear
Solubility (Colour) 5% aq. solution
Colourless
Assay (T)
min. 99%
Melting Point
208 - 212°C
Water (KF)
max. 0.5%













SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DL-TARTARIC ACID, 99%:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350)
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a linear polydimethylsiloxane fluid with a medium viscosity and low molecular weight.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) shows waterproof & protection effect in sun products.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) offers a soft feel effect in skin care.
In deodorants & antiperspirants, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) provides detackification.


CAS Number: 63148-62-9 / 9006-65-9
EC Number: 203-492-7
MDL number: MFCD00132673
Molecular Formula: -(C2H6OSi)nC4H12Si / (-Si(CH3)2O-)n / C6H18OSi2


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) has a viscosity of 350 at 25ºC.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a linear, non-reactive, unmodified polydimethylsiloxane characterized by low surface tension and a high spreading coefficient.
Due to its flexible polymer backbone, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) has high permeability to gases (e.g. water vapor, oxygen), which allows respiration of the skin.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is commonly used in skin and hair products.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a low-viscosity linear dimethicone with colorless transparent appearance with no odor.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is soluble in oil but not in water.


Dimethicone is a non-volatile silicone oil.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is insoluble in water, methanol, ethanol, dilute acids and caustics, vegetable and mineral oils, glycol and glycerin.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) has a viscosity of 350 centistrokes (medium thick), which is heavier.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is, therefore, widely used in gear wheels, bearings and brushes.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) exhibits excellent dielectric properties, which are maintained for prolonged periods of time even under varying operating conditions.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a linear, non-reactive, unmodified polydimethylsiloxane.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is characterized by low surface tension and a high spreading coefficient.
Due to their flexible polymer backbone, dimethicones have high permeability to gases (e.g. water vapor, oxygen), which allows respiration of the skin.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can provide clear and non-greasy feel, free of skin irritation.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) in its simplest form is polydimethylsiloxane, also known as silicone oil, but more commonly called dimethicone.
Silicone oils are derived from silica (sand and quartz are silicas).
The recommended concentration for use is 1%-5%.


Add to the oil phase of formulas by stirring continuously.
Do not heat over 50°C/125°F.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) shows high resistance to breakdown by mechanical shearing.


The low change in viscosity with temperature and excellent heat and cold resistance makes DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) an ideal lubricant.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)'s viscosity shows very little change with temperature variation.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) exhibits minimum of change among all types of silicone fluids.
Popularly called the ‘chemist’s swiss army knife’ this compound is a man-made silicone-based polymer that is synthesized from silicones extracted from quartz.


The shelf life of DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is 36 months from its date of manufacturing.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a linear polydimethylsiloxane fluid with a medium viscosity and low molecular weight.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is insoluble in water, methanol, ethanol, dilute acids and caustics, vegetable and mineral oils, glycol and glycerine.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is soluble in hexane, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorohydrocarbons, ethers, esters, ketones and higher alcohols.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a midweight silicone oil that is also a conditioning agent.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) provides silky, smooth feel to both skin and hair.


Outstanding resistance to high and low temperature extremes, maintenance of flexibility over a wide temperature range are its unique properties.
With a flash point of 315°C DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is ideal for use as an oil bath up to 230oC
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) offers conditioning properties when used in hair and skin care applications.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can be added to any cosmetic and declared on the ingredient label in descending order.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is is highly soluble in organic solvents and is easily emulsified in water with standard emulsifiers.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) spreads easily on both skin and hair and protects the skin, imparting a soft, velvety skin feel.


It is hard to miss on the labels of products because of DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)'s vast expanse of use.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) enhances the properties of the ingredients and the formulations it is added to and makes their application more pleasing.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) confers skin feel, spreadability, conditioning strength, shine, and is a good pigment dispersant.


Dimethicone, or Silicone Oil, is a very useful emollient, skin protectant and waterproofing material.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a thin oil, 350 centistokes in viscosity.
Silicone 350 is used in personal care products as DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a good foam builder, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) imparts soft silky feel to the hair, ensures smooth wet shaving foams and is non-irritant to skin.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) appears as colorless transparent viscous liquid, being tasteless, odorless and non-toxic.
The molecular formula is CH3 [Si (cH3) 2] nSi (CH3) 3.
The average molecular weight is 5000 ~ 100000. Based on the differences on the molecular weight, kinematic viscosity varies from 1.0 × 10-6 ~ 100000 × 10-6 square meters / second.


A high quality of DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) which is clear, water- white, tasteless, odourless and neutral liquid.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)'s viscosity shows very little change with temperature variation.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) exhibits minimum of change among all types of silicone fluids.


Outstanding resistance to high and low temperature extremes, maintenance of flexibility over a wide temperature range are DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)'s unique properties.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) also known as Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), or dimethylpolysiloxane, is a light silicone oil that is derived from the purest form of silica.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) comes in multiple viscosities, and this variant has 350 centistokes of viscosity.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) comes in various viscosities, this one is 350 centistokes, a medium viscosity which offers excellent barrier properties when used in skin protectant formulations.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) in its simplest form is polydimethylsiloxane, also known as silicone oil, but more commonly called dimethicone.


Silicone oils are derived from silica (sand and quartz are silicas).
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) has a flexible polymer base that is non-reactive and highly permeable to gases.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) imparts a hydrophobic and protective layer to the formula of the products which improves the spreadability and emolliency.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is soluble in hexane, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorohydrocarbons, ethers, esters, ketones and higher alcohols.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is insoluble in water and oils and is soluble in mineral spirits, acetone, ethanol, glycol, and fatty acids.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) adds slip, smoothness and glide to skincare and haircare products of all types.


Applications: 0.5-10% typically.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) comes in various viscosities, this one is 350 centistokes, a medium viscosity which offers excellent barrier properties when used in skin protectant formulations.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is also called dimethylpolysiloxane or dimethicone.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) -its simplest form is polydimethylsiloxane, also known as silicone oil, but more commonly called dimethicone.
Recommended Use Rate 0.5% 6.0% - however some formulators are using up to 30, in certain products.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is Colorless and clear oily liquid, odorless or almost odorless, and tasteless.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can be mixed into emulsions after the temperature reaches 50°C/125°F.
Chemical inertness, non-corrosivity, thermal stability, extreme low levels of toxicity and lubricity make DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) an ideal product for many diverse applications.


Regular viscosity dimethyl silicone fluids are used in a wide variety of industries.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is an active linear silicone with a viscosity of 350cps, viscous and oil like.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) has a mild odor and clear formula which make, leading to incorporate into different products.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a medium viscosity additive, light silicone oil, derived from sand and quartz.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) in its simplest form is polydimethylsiloxane, also known as silicone oil, but more commonly called dimethicone.
Silicone oils are derived from silica (sand and quartz are silicas).


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is also called dimethicone and is one of several types of silicone oil (polymerized siloxane).
Due to their flexible polymer backbone, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) has high permeability to gases (e.g. water vapor, oxygen), which allows respiration of the skin.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350), a regular viscosity dimethyl silicone fluid, is a clear, colourless, odourless and nontoxic dimethylpolysiloxane.


A high quality of DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) which is clear, water- white, tasteless, odourless and neutral liquid.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is very soluble in chloroform, ether or toluene, and insoluble in water and ethanol.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is also known as methyl silicone oil and polydimethylsiloxane liquid.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) adds slip and glide, reducing tackiness.
Solubility: Insoluble in water, ethanol and vegetable oils but soluble in Isopropyl Myristate, Palmitate and Laurate and Lauryl Alcohol.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a 350 centistoke silicone fluid product.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a clear, transparent liquid product with a medium viscosity.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a polymeric organosilicon compound that goes through the process of hydrolysis and polycondensation of dichloro dimethyl silane and chlorotrimethylsilane.


A DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) consisting of a mixture of fully methylated linear siloxane polymers end-blocking with trimethylsiloxy units.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is an inert, clear, tasteless and colorless silicone polymer with a viscosity of 350 cSt at 25° C.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) belongs to a group of polymeric organosilicon compounds that are commonly referred to as silicones.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)is optically clear, and, in general, inert, non-toxic, and non-flammable.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a linear, non-reactive, unmodified polydimethylsiloxane.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is characterized by low surface tension and a high spreading coefficient.


Mix with other silicone firstly, without over heating.
Mix oil phase (except silicone) and water phase normally, add silicone mixture at 60-70℃, and then homogenize.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a clear, colorless, medium viscosity polydimethylsiloxane polymer manufactured to yield essentially linear polymers in a wide range of average kinematic viscosities.


Usage Rate: Up to 80%, Generally used in 1–5% range
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) belongs to a group of polymeric organosilicon compounds that are commonly referred to as silicones.
Silicone oils are derived from silica sand and quartz are silicas.
Long-term use temperature range is -50 ~ 180 ℃.
In isolated air or inert gas.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) fluid is a medium viscosity Dimethyl Polysiloxane used used in a variety of Personal Care and Industrial applications.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) adds silky softness to hair formulations, improves spreadability and provides lubricity in lotions, is non-sticky, long-lasting, and improves water repellency.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is recommended for hair care, skin care, and cosmetic products.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) adds slip and glide, reducing tackiness.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can be used in hair conditioners and in shampoos to increase the feeling of conditioning.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) forms a film on your hair which improves wet and dry combing (reduces combing forces), increases shine, increases the feeling of softness and reduces static charge
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can also reduce soaping in lotion formulations.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is also an FDA approved skin protectant.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) offers conditioning properties when used in hair and skin care applications.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) shows high resistance to breakdown by mechanical shearing.
The low change in viscosity with temperature and excellent heat and cold resistance makes it an ideal lubricant.


One of the most widely used ingredients in cosmetics, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) works as an anti-foaming agent, skin protectant and skin & hair conditioner- DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) prevents water loss by forming a hydrating barrier on the skin.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)-soluble silicone is an excellent cosmetic ingredient for skin care and hair care applications, with a wide variety of uses.
Like most silicones, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) has a unique fluidity that makes it easily spreadable.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) adds slip and glide, reducing tackiness.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is thick and thin of most products like shampoos, soaps, conditioners, makeup products like primers, foundations, and DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used in antiperspirants, aftershave lotions, and shaving creams.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) offers natural lubrication, adding more slip and glide to cosmetics, reducing tackiness on the skin and a sticky feeling in hair, improving hair’s softness and reduces frizziness even in high humidity.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is commonly used in skin and hair products.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a low-viscosity linear dimethicone with colorless transparent appearance with no odor.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is soluble in oil but not in water.
Dimethicone is a non-volatile silicone oil.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is insoluble in water, methanol, ethanol, dilute acids and caustics, vegetable and mineral oils, glycol and glycerin.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) has a viscosity of 350 centistrokes (medium thick), which is heavier.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is, therefore, widely used in gear wheels, bearings and brushes.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) also acts a mild water repellent by forming a protective barrier on the skin, and can fill in fine lines/wrinkles on the face, giving it a temporary “plump” look.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) works by forming a layer over the skin or hair and does not penetrate it.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) works by acting as an emulsifier and keeps the product from separating.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) also helps to create a protective barrier on the skin, helping to protect it from harsh outside elements such as heat, sun damage and cold winds, as well as things such as free radicals.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) offers conditioning properties when used in hair and skin care applications.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)'s application brings immense benefits to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) prevents moisture loss from skin and hair and keeps it hydrated and frizz-free.
When utilized in various formulations as a base ingredient, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) works as an anti-foaming agent.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used in a broad range of personal care formulations as an emollient.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) allows formulators to adjust spreadability and conditioning effects.
Whitening and stickiness of cosmetic products can be reduced and skin feel can be optimized.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) by Innospec is used in hair care, body care, color cosmetics and delivery systems.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) has standard lubricant viscosity in a wide range of personal care products.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) acts as an excellent emollient in skin care products.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) prevents soaping effect when using stearates.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is widely used in cosmetics such as skin creams, hand creams, skin cleansers, sunscreens, shaving creams, deodorants, baths and hair conditioners.
As DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) possesses natural emolliency, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is an excellent addition to cosmetics such as conditioners, lotions and moisturisers as well as other leave-on and rinse-off applications.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used in the beauty industry as a conditioner, skin and hair protector.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can be used alone or as a carrier for other ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) adds wonderful slip to and helps reduce tackiness.
Small concentrations add a really gorgeous, expensive-feeling skin feel.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) helps improve spreading, offers skin protection, and conditions the skin and hair.
With a thicker viscosity, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) creates a stronger, more protective barrier than ingredients such as Dimethicone 1000.
Often added at the oil phase of a cosmetic formulation.
Finally, they can be used in color cosmetics to enable 'oil free' claims.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is nontoxic, but in good manufacturing practice, care should be exercised in handling to prevent contact with skin or eyes.
Additionally, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used in the manufacturing of rubbery caulks, adhesives, sealants, and water-repelling wall coatings.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used Emulsions, Skin Creams and Gels, Massage Blends, and Hair Conditioning


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) offers conditioning properties when used in hair and skin care applications.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a medium viscosity Dimethyl Polysiloxane used in a variety of Personal Care and Industrial applications.
Use between 1-10% in skin and hair care.
The higher amount with facilitates barrier formation.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can also be used as polishing agent and defoamer.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) has the ability to dissolve many kinds of vitamins, hormones, antiseptics and anti-inflammatory agents, and it has good solubility with various components of cosmetics, and it can form a thin layer on the surface of the skin and has hydrophobicity, which can keep vitamins and drugs on the surface of the skin for a long time and have a stable nutritional effect.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can also make hair soft and smooth, improve combing and increase luster.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) exhibits excellent dielectric properties, which are maintained for prolonged periods of time even under varying operating conditions.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is recommended for hair care, skincare, and cosmetic products.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) has a viscosity of 350 at 25ºC.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) has also been used as a filler fluid in breast implants, although this practice has decreased somewhat, due to safety concerns.
The formula of DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) provides softness, slipperiness, and smoothness to the products to which it is added.
Moderate viscosity of DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) acts as a barrier against moisture loss.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used Skin care and make-up products, Hair care products, Formula Guidelines.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) uses, and applications include: Ointment and topical drug vehicle; skin protectant; antifoam; defoamer for oil processing, waterwaste treatment, foods; surfactant; release agent; adhesives; inks; latexes; soap manufacturing; starch manufacturing; paint manufacturing; antifoam, emollient in cosmetics; lubricant in polishes, precision bearings; anti-adhesion coatings; dielectronic fluids; heat transfer agents; textile softener; textilepaper sizing additive; barrier creams; chewing gum base; prosthetic aid (soft tissue); antiflatulent; film modifier, antifloating agent, flow control agent, anticratering agent, pigment control agent in varnishes, paints, enamels, surface coatings; in food packaging adhesives; release agent in food-contact coatings; in paperpaperboard in contact with aqueousfatty foods; defoamer in food-contact coatings and paperpaperboard; in food-contact textiles.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is also used as a component in silicone grease and other silicone based lubricants, as well as indefoaming agents, mold release agents, damping fluids, heat transfer fluids, polishes, cosmetics, hair conditioners and other applications.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used in Antiperspirants/ Deodorant, Skin Creams, and Gels, Massage Blends, Hair Conditioning.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used Heat transfer media, Thermal transfer fluids, Hydraulic fluids, Dielectrics fluids, Water repellents, Polishes – car polish, tyre shines, metals, furniture, Lubricants for eg treadmills, Antifoams, Mould release agents, and oil baths up to 230oC.
With a flash point of 315oC DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is ideal for use as an oil bath up to 230oC.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is, therefore, widely used in gear wheels, bearings and brushes.
As DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)'s molecules are too big to be absorbed too deeply into the skin, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is also useful as a skin barrier.
Recommended usage is approx. 0.2%.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is one of the most versatile, cost-effective materials used for release agents, lubricants and polishes.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a very popular silicon-based organic polymer for the reason that DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is very versatile in nature and its boundless properties can be used in applications of many products.
When applied to the skin, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)'s known for creating a subtle gloss that feels smooth and silky to touch.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a colorless, odorless, non-toxic and non-irritating products, chemical stability, heat resistance, cold resistance, water repellency, lubricity, high refraction, storage stability and compatibility with commonly used cosmetic ingredients.
The potent conditioning properties make DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) an effective cosmetic raw ingredient in hair and skin conditioners.


The inclusion of this silicone-based product reduces the final product's foaming, whitening, and stickiness properties.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is commonly used as a lubricant and as part of household and cosmetics products.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is present in shampoos (as dimethicone makes hair shiny and slippery), food (antifoaming agent) and more.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) a mid range viscosity silicone offering excellent barrier properties when used in personal care / skin protectant formulations.
Silicones can form a barrier on the skin to prevent moisture loss, act as lubricants or as skin-feel modifiers bringing a silky, invisible feel to emulsions.
Maintain asset reliability and systems performance in port and at sea in the Marine Industry.
Adhesives and sealants from us can resist weathering, degradation, loss of bonding and sealing strength, and softening or cracking.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is also widely used as a release agent for a variety of materials such as plastic and rubber, and has excellent high and low temperature resistance, light transmission, electrical properties, water repellency, moisture resistance and chemical stability.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) confers skin feel, spreadability, conditioning strength and shine.


Also, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) offers good pigment dispersant properties.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used in creams & lotions, make-up removers and shaving lotions- & foams.
The low change in viscosity with temperature and excellent heat and cold resistance makes it an ideal lubricant.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is, therefore, widely used in gear wheels, bearings and brushes.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) adds slip and glide, reducing tackiness.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) offers conditioning properties when used in hair and skin care applications.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) exhibits excellent dielectric properties, which are maintained for prolonged periods of time even under varying operating conditions.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a type of silicone oil often used in hair conditioners and silky smooth effect .
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used in personal care products as DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a good foam builder, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) imparts soft silky feel to the hair, ensures smooth wet shaving foams and is non-irritant to skin.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) makes colours in cosmetics more mixable.
Additionally, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) adds slip and glide, reduces tackiness in lotions and creams,and also offers conditioning properties when used in hair care applications.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is Suitable for mixing in cosmetics that require a skin feel, slippery when used (slip) can be used with both skin care products and hair care products, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) will stick on the skin or hair to make it feel slippery.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used in concentrations of 1-20%, Needs to be added to oil part of mixtures and not heated to above 50 degrees Celsius


High chemical stability in formulas requiring no foam and hair care products.
As condensing agents of dropping pill Polishing and lubricating of tablets and capsules Ointment base Antifoaming agents of Chinese medicine extract Silicide of butyl rubber stoppers Lubrication and silicification of medical instrument.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)'s Typical use level 0.5% to 5.0% depending on the type of formulation desired.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used Silicone oilis also commonly used as the working fluid in dashpots, wet-type transformers, diffusion pumps and inoil-filled heaters.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is non-comedogenic, therefore DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) helps improve the skin barrier and protects it from environmental damage.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used in personal care products as DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a good foam builder, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) imparts soft silky feel to the hair, ensures smooth wet shaving foams and is non-irritant to skin.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350), like most of the silicones used in making cosmetics such as skin care, provides a hydrophobic, protective but, breathable barrier to skin while improving the spreading of lotions and creams.


Some silicone oils, such as simethicone, are potent anti-foaming agents due to their low surface tension.
These polymers are of commercial interest because of their relatively high thermal stability and their lubricating properties.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) may be used as a surface agent or for de-soaping creams and lotions.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) shows high resistance to breakdown by mechanical shearing.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used at a rate of 1% to 30%, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) conforms to the FDA's Tentative Final Monograph on OTC Skin Protectants.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is the most widely used silicon-based organic polymer, and is particularly known for its unusual rheological (or flow) properties.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)'s applications range from contact lenses and medical devices to elastomers; DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is also present in shampoos (as dimethicone makes hair shiny and slippery), food (antifoaming agent), caulking, lubricating oils, and heat-resistant tiles.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used as a skin protectant, antifoaming agent, therapeutic antiflatulent, and veterinary antibloating agent.


Permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)’s mainly used in cosmetic and personal care products.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) adds slip and glide, reducing tackiness.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)adds silky softness to hair formulations, improves spreadability and provides lubricity in lotions, is non-sticky, long-lasting, and improves water repellency.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is commonly used to improve the slip and glide of bath and body products which provides an easy solution for heavier, tacky creams and lotions.


DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) imparts softness, lubricity and emolliency to formulations as DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) reduces whitening, soaping and stickiness during rub-in.
Silicone oil has been commonly used as the fluid in the automobile cooling fan clutch assemblies, and is still being used in the newer electronic fan clutches.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is very useful in a number of cosmetic products such as antiperspirant.


-Moisturizers and Creams:
Problems like dryness, itching or scaly skin, and other kinds of skin irritations can be prevented with Moisturisers and creams containing DM 350 (Dimethicone 350).
The ointments using this ingredient have excellent water retention and emollient properties which makes the skin extremely supple and soft.


-DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a very versatile ingredient and uses include;
*Skincare: Handcreams, facail moisturisers, cream cleansers, exfoliants, body lotions and masques
*Barrier Creams: Ideal for “invisible glove” Barrier Creams and lotions – us 5 – 15% depending on the level of protection required
*Hair Care: May be emulsified into Cream Shampoos, conditioners and hair styling products
*Waterproofing: May be applied to hard surfaces to repel water, dirt and mud
*Anti-foam: Breaks down detergent foam
*Silly Putty: DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) gives silly putty is elasticity and bounce
*Hydrophobic sand: DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used to coat Hydrophobic sand and give its dramatic properties


-Haircare Products:
Conditioning and nourishing properties of DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) are used to make hair care products like conditioners, hair masks, shampoo, hair polish, etc., for the reason that the silicone adds natural shine and luster to the hair.
These hair products also have detangling and softening abilities.


-Cosmetics Products:
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is widely used in cosmetic applications because of its potent water-repelling and emollient ability.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a good addition to makeup and cosmetic products like make-up foundation, sun-creams, eye makeup, primer, etc.
-DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) Cosmetic Grade:
Brings Shine Silkiness Slip Conditioning for the Hair and for the Skin
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a cosmetic silicone that reduces the surface tension of a formulation allowing it to spread easily across the skin or hair.


-Lubricating Agent:
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is also used due to its lubricating properties as DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) makes solutions non-sticky and unguent.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)'s water-repelling potential makes it an even better lubrication agent because DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) makes the formulation slippery, soft, and greasy.
The low viscosity of DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) makes it an even better lubricant.


-Waterproofing:
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is one of the most essential ingredients in many waterproofing sprays as it forms a smooth, protective coat over cosmetic and makeup products just after seconds of the application.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350)'s water-resistant property also increases the shelf life of the products.


-Contact Lenses:
Physical properties of DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) provide low elastic modulus and hydrophobicity which can be used to clean micro and nano pollutants from the surface of lens.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is also highly effective at removing nano plastic that gets stuck to the lenses.


-Silly Putty:
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) provides elasticity and bounces to the Silly Putty.
The viscoelastic properties imparted by these silicon polymers are quite dynamic products bounce, mold, stretch, and snap easily.
This silly putty is used to make squishy and bouncy toys.


-Hydraulic fluids and related applications:
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is also the active silicone fluid in automotive viscous limited slip differentials and couplings.
This is usually a non-serviceable OEM component but can be replaced with mixed performance results due to variances in effectiveness caused by refill weights or non-standard pressurisations.


-Treats Diaper Rash:
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is popularly used to reduce skin irritation and inflammation.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can also be used to heal diaper rashes and skin burns as well.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) exhibits Humectants and active ingredients that prevent dryness and irritation in the skin.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a non-volatile silicone oil so DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is safe for babies as well.


-Relieve Dry Skin:
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can also be used in creams and ointments that are used to treat scaly, dry, and itchy skin.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is also used to make the final products more malleable and viscous in nature, which ultimately results in better performance of the cosmetic products.


-Preservatives:
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can be utilized in cosmetic products for benefitting from its preservative properties as DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) naturally forms a protective film over your skin cells and shields them from pollutants, chemicals, and external toxins.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is also used to increase the shelf life of products making it an even better conservatory product.


-Emollient Skin:
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) are used at limited concentration levels and to make the skin soft and supple.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can penetrate deep into the layers of the skin cells which makes the skin smoother and softer.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) also locks the moisture into the skin making it even better at conditioning the skin and hair.


-Surfactants and antifoaming agents:
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a common component of defoamers, which are used to suppress the formation of foams. DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) in a modified form is used as a herbicidal penetrant, and is a critical ingredient in water-repelling coatings, such as Rain-X.


-Some of the possible applications of DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) are as follows:
*Car Polishes
*Release Agents
*Textile Lubricants
*Vinyl Fabric Protectant
*Cosmetic Applications
*Internal Lubricant
*Rubber and Plastic Lubricant
*Defoamers
*Processing and Safety Guidelines


-Applications of DM 350 (Dimethicone 350):
. Mechanical silicone oil
. Textile agent
. Sewing thread using silicone oil
. Dielectric coolant.
. Insulation and damping fluid for electrical and electronic equipment
. Release agent
. Foam control
. Surfactant
. lubricant
. Ingredients for cosmetics and personal care preparations, polishes and specialty chemicals
. Plastic additives


-Domestic and niche uses:
Many people are indirectly familiar with DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) because DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is an important component in Silly Putty, to which DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) imparts its characteristic viscoelastic properties.
The rubbery, vinegary-smelling silicone caulks, adhesives, and aquarium sealants are also well-known.


-High Viscosity:
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) has high viscosity which makes it better at water-resisting and spreadability function. DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) also reduces surface tension of the formulation which makes the spreadability effect preferable over other chemical compounds.
Another factor that makes it even better spreading is its potent lubricant property.


-Cosmetics:
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used variously in the cosmetic and consumer product industry as well. For example, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can be used in the treatment ofhead lice, and DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is used widely in skin-moisturizing lotions where it is listed as an active ingredient whose purpose is "skin protection." Some cosmetic formulations use DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) and related siloxane polymers in concentrations of use up to 15%.


-Application Industry of DM 350 (Dimethicone 350):
1. Dimethyl Fluid for Daily Chemicals: skin creams, baths, shampoo and other cosmetic formulations.
2. Rubber & Plastic: release agent, brightener
3. Machinery & Electronics: lubricating oil, damping oil, shock-proof oil
4. Methyl Silicone Oil for Textile & Leather: softener, water repellent, hand modifier
5. Dimethyl Silicone Fluid for Aerospace: surface protection coating
6. Human body filling: breast filling;
7. Nano components: micro channel, micro mixer, micro pump, micro valve, etc;
8. Dimethicone in Skin Care Shampoo: personal beauties;
9. Dimethicone in Cosmetics.



PROPERTIES of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
*High water repellency
*Low surface energy
*High spreadability and compatibility
*Ease of application and rubout
*Fungi and bacteria resistant
*Non-sensitizing
*Good heat stability
*Oxidation- resistant, chemical- resistant



PERFORMANCE PROPERTIES of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
*High and low-temperature stability
*Low pour point
*Low temperature and pressure dependence of viscosity
*Good dielectric characteristics
*Low interfacial energy
*High surface activity
*High compressibility
*Chemical inertness



FEATURES OF DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
*Confers skin feel
*Excellent spreadability
*Conditioning strength
*Shine
*Good pigment dispersant



CLAIMS OF DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
*Protective Agents
*Silicones > Silicone Fluids
*Waterproofing Agents
*protections
*shine / radiance
*softness
*spreading
*water-resistant / waterproof



BENEFITS of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) fluids reduce the surface tension of a formulating allowing it to spread easily across the skin or hair.
They can form a barrier on the skin to prevent moisture loss, act as lubricants or as skin-feel modifiers bringing a silky, invisible feel to emulsions.

Finally they can be used in colour cosmetics to enable 'oil free' claims.
These medium viscosity DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) fluids help achieve a more substantive and moisturising finish to formulations while still remaining light and oil-free.
They can assist in making a formulation less tacky and are effective conditioning actives.



FEATURES of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
*350 centistoke viscosity
*Very low surface tension
*Very chemically inert
*Water repellent
*Shear stress resistant compared to petroleum-type oils
*Typical Applications
*General purpose and industrial lubricant
*Water-resistant products
*Cosmetics and household products



HOW TO WORK WITH DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
Include DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) in the oil phase of your products; DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) can be hot or cold processed.

1. Smoothness & softness & hydrophobicity & good chemical stability & insulation property.
2. High and low temperature resistance & high flash point.
3. Low freezing point (it can be chronically used in the temperature from -50℃ to +200 ℃).
4. Small viscosity-temperature coefficicent & big compression ratio & low surface tension.



ALTERNATIVES & SUBSTITUTIONS of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
In products where you are using DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) at 5% or less, you could try a higher viscosity version, like DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) or Dimethicone 1000.
With that low of a usage rate, DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) will be diluted so much that the thicker version is unlikely to impact the end product much (if a very low viscosity is important to the final product [i.e. if it’s supposed to mist] then swapping in a higher viscosity of dimethicone probably isn’t the best idea).

You could also try rich, slippy oils as an alternative (something like oat oil), though these will not offer the same level of de-tack-ifying and skin smoothing.
The importance of this is very formula dependent, and I also find perceptions of stickiness/tackiness are very personal.

If you’re not very sensitive to stickiness (or just plain ol’ don’t mind it) you are less likely to notice the loss of silicone in a formulation.
Dimethicone 1.5 is not a good alternative for DM 350 (Dimethicone 350); the 1.5 version is ultra-thin and lightweight, and evaporates quickly.
It is much closer to Cyclomethicone and Cyclopentasiloxane than Dimethicone 350.



STRENGTHS of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is a very versatile ingredient that improves the skin feel of anything I’ve ever tried it in.
DM 350 (Dimethicone 350) is non-irritating (suitable for those with sensitive skin) and will not aggravate conditions like Pityrosporum Folliculitis (a.k.a. fungal acne).



WHAT IS HIGH VISCOSITY PURE SILICONE FLUID?
High Viscosity Pure Silicone Fluids are clear, colorless and odorless linear Polydimethylsiloxane oils (Polydimethylsiloxanes) that range in viscosities from 5,000cSt, 10,000cSt, 12,500cSt, 30,000, 60,000cSt, & 100,000cSt.
They are characterized by their high damping action, excellent lubricity, inertness to plastics, rubbers and metals, high dielectric strength, high resistance to shear, thermal stability, wide service temperature range and low viscosity change at temperature.
Due to their high viscosity, inertness and lubricity, High Viscosity Silicone Fluids are widely used as lubricant for o-rings, gaskets, valves and seals.
Polydimethylsilicone liquids are blend of polymers with linear and branched structure.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
Features: Base Oil
Finish: High Gloss
Form of Paint: Liquid
Viscosity: 350 mm2/s
Melting Point: -55 oC
Autoignition Point: >400 oC
Flash Point: 315 oC
Dielectric strength: 16 kV/mm
Density: 0.98 g/cm3 at 20oC
Solubility: insoluble in water
Physical state: viscous
Color colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point: -55 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: > 140 °C at 0,003 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 101,1 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: > 400 °C
Decomposition temperature: > 200 °C -
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 0,003 Pas at 25 °C
Water solubility: slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 7 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 0,968 g/mL at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Molecular Weight: 236.53 g/mol
Specific Gravity: 0.978
Boiling Point: 200 °C
Flash Point: 121 °C
Odor: Mild Odour
PH Level: 5.5–8.5
HLB Value: 9 or 10
Color: Colorless
Grade Standard: Industrial Grade
Shelf Life: 24 months
Molecular Weight: 236.53
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 236.10840961
Monoisotopic Mass: 236.10840961
Topological Polar Surface Area: 18.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13

Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 149
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Colour: colourless
Melting point: −59 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 101 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.963 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density: >1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.377(lit.)
Flash point: >270 °C (518 °F)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
form: Oily Liquid
color: Clear colorless
Specific Gravity: 0.853
Odor: Odorless

Water: Solubility
Merck: 14,8495
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.96300 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index: 1.40400 @ 20.00 °C.
Flash Point: 600.00 °F. TCC ( 315.56 °C. )
Soluble in: water, 0.002918 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Pour Point: –100 °C ~ –50 °C(closed cup)
Flash Point: 160°C ~ 320°C(open cup)
Surface tension: 20.3 - 21.5 mN/m.
Refraction index: 1.398-1.406
Physiological property: no toxic.
Solvent free
Thermal Conductivity at 25°C W/m-k: 0.14~0.16
Dielectric Constant 50Hz: 2.65~2.75
Specific heat at 25°C (cal/g.c): 0.40~0.35



FIRST AID MEASURES of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses.
*Respiratory protection
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DM 350 (DIMETHICONE 350):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
J-001906
Poly(dimethylsiloxane), viscosity 1.0 cSt (25 C)
Q2013799
XIAMETER(R) PMX-200 Silicone Fluid 20 CS
Polydimethylsiloxane, 20,000 cSt. trimethoxysilyl terminated
Polydimethylsiloxane, extreme low volatility, viscosity 1000 cSt.
Intermediate viscosity polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion, 20% active, viscosity 1500cst
Intermediate viscosity polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion, 30% active, viscosity 1500cst
Polydimethylsiloxane, trimethylsiloxy terminated, reduced volatility, viscosity 20 cSt.
Intermediate viscosity polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion, 10% active, viscosity 1000-2000cst
Intermediate viscosity polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion, 10% active, viscosity 800-2000cst
Intermediate viscosity polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion, 20% active, viscosity 1000-2000cst
Intermediate viscosity polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion, 30% active, viscosity 1000-2000cst
Polydimethylsiloxane, trimethylsiloxy terminated, extreme low volatility, viscosity 12.500 cSt.
Belsil DM 1 Plus
Belsil DM 100
Belsil DM 1000
Belsil DM 200
Belsil DM 35
Clearocast 100
DC 100-350CS
DC 1428
DC 1664
DC 200-100cS
DC 200-10cS
DC 5-2117
Gransurf 50C
OCTAMETHYLTRISILOXANE
Trisiloxane, octamethyl-
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)
Dimeticone
1,1,1,3,3,5,5,5-Octamethyltrisiloxane
dimethyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silane
Dimethicone 350
Pentamethyl(trimethylsilyloxy)disiloxane
9G1ZW13R0G
CHEBI:9147
Dimethylbis(trimethylsilyloxy)silane
Dimethicones
Poly(dimethylsiloxane), hydroxy terminated
MFCD00084411
MFCD00134211
MFCD00148360
CCRIS 3198
Poly(dimethylsiloxane), trimethylsiloxy terminated
dimeticonum
UNII-9G1ZW13R0G
Dimeticona
Dimethylbis(trimethylsiloxy)silane
Ctamethyltrisiloxane
Dimethicone 1000
MFCD00008264
octamethyl-trisiloxane
PDMS
dimethicone macromolecule
Silicon Oil for Oil Bath
Octamethyltrisiloxane, 98%
Trisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3,5,5,5-octamethyl-
DSSTox_CID_20710
DSSTox_RID_79558
DSSTox_GSID_40710
SCHEMBL23459
Siliconoil Pharma 100 cSt.
Dimethyl polysiloxane, bis(trimethylsilyl)-terminated
Dow Corning High-Vacuum Grease
Dimethicone 245
Dimethicone 350
Dimeticone
Dow Corning 100-350CS
Dow Corning 1413
Dow Corning 1664
Dow Corning 200 Fluid 350 c/s
Dow Corning 200 Fluid 5cSt
Dow Corning 200/100 cSt Fluid
Dow Corning 200/10CST
Dow Corning 200/5 cst
Dow Corning 365
Dow Corning 365 Dimethicone NF Emulsion
Dow Corning 5-2117
Dow Corning 5-7137
Dow Corning 5-7139
E 1049
EY 22-067
HL 88
HL 999
Hedrin
KF 96A50CS
KHS 7
KM 910
M 620
Mirasil DM 20
Mirasil DM 350
Mirasil DME 2
Mirasil DME 30
NYDA sensitiv
Silicone Fluid 350
Silkonoel AK 500
TSF 451-1MA
Viscasil 330000
Viscasil 330M
Viscasil 5M
Visosal 330M
Xiameter PMX 200
Polydimethylsiloxane trimethylsiloxy-terminated
pdms
Silicone
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)
siloxane
HMDO
SILICONE FLUID
Silicone emulsion
DIETHYL ETHER RECTIFIE
alpha-Methyl-omega-methoxypolydi­methylsiloxane, PDMS
Belsil DM 1 Plus
Belsil DM 100
Belsil DM 1000
Belsil DM 200
Belsil DM 35
Clearocast 100
DC 100-350CS
DC 1428
DC 1664
DC 200-100cS
DC 200-10cS
DC 5-2117
Dimethicone 245
Dimethicone 350
Dimeticone
Dow Corning 100-350CS
Dow Corning 1413
Dow Corning 1664
Dow Corning 200 Fluid 350 c/s
Dow Corning 200 Fluid 5cSt
Dow Corning 200/100 cSt Fluid
Dow Corning 200/10CST
Dow Corning 200/5 cst
Dow Corning 365
Dow Corning 365 Dimethicone NF Emulsion
Dow Corning 5-2117
Dow Corning 5-7137
Dow Corning 5-7139
E 1049
EY 22-067
HL 88
HL 999
Hedrin
KF 96A50CS
KHS 7
KM 910
M 620
Mirasil DM 20
Mirasil DM 350
Mirasil DME 2
Mirasil DME 30
NYDA sensitiv
Silicone Fluid 350
Silkonoel AK 500
TSF 451-1MA
Viscasil 330000
Viscasil 330M
Viscasil 5M
Visosal 330M
Xiameter PMX 2
POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE 16'000
a-(Trimethylsilyl)-w-methylpoly [oxy (dimethylsilylene)]
REDUCED VOLATILITY POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE
SILICONE FLUID
Dimethicone
Dimethyl silicone
POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE 1'850
Polydimethylsiloxane Poly (oxy (dimethylsilylene)), a-(trimethylsilyl)-w-methyl-
Dimethicones
Dimethylpolysiloxane
SILICONE OIL DC 200
POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE 158'000
SILCOREL(R) ADP1000 ANTIFOAM COMPOUND
POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE 173'000
Dimeticone
Poly(oxy(dimethylsilylene)) alpha-(trimethylsilyl)-omega-methyl-
Belsil DM 1000
DC 1664
Dimethicones
Dimethyl polysiloxane
Dimethyl polysiloxane, bis(trimethylsilyl)-terminated
Dimethyl polysiloxane, dimethyl-terminated
Dimethylpolysiloxane
Dimeticone
Dow Corning 1664
Mirasil DM 20; Ophtasiloxane
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)
Polydimethylsiloxane
Polysilane
Sentry Dimethicone
Sentry Dimethicone Dispension
Viscasil 5M
alpha-(Trimethylsilyl)-omega-methylpoly(oxy(dimethylsilylene))
Dimethicone 350
Dimeticon
Dimethylsilicone fluid
Dimethylsiloxane
E900
Methyl polysiloxane
Methylsilicon oil
Methyl-silicone
Polydimethylsiloxane silicone oil
Dimethyl silicone fluids
Dimethyl silicone oil
Silicone fluids

CHEMBL2142985
DTXSID9040710
CHEBI:31498
CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-
dimethylbis(trimethylsiloxy)siliane
Polydimethylsiloxane, 1000 cSt.
alpha-(Trimethylsilyl)-omega-methylpoly(oxy(dimethylsilylene))
[(CH3)3SiO]2Si(CH3)2
Tox21_301002
CO9816
MFCD00165850
Silane, dimethylbis(trimethylsiloxy)-
AKOS015840180
ZINC169747808
Antifoam compound for anhydrous systems
FS-4459
NCGC00164100-01
NCGC00164100-02
NCGC00254904-01
CAS-107-51-7
DB-040764
FT-0631598
FT-0696355
O0257
O9816
C07261
D91850
S12475
A801717
dimethylsilicone fluid
polydimethylsiloxanes

DM HYDANTOIN
DIMETHYLOL-5,5-DIMETHYLHYDANTOIN; Dimethyloldimethyl hydantoin; 1,3-bis (hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione; Glydant; DMDMH; Dantion DMDMH; 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin; Dantoguard; Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione; Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5- dimethylhydantoin CAS NO:6440-58-0
D-MALIC ACID
D-Malic acid is an inhibitor that binds to the dinucleotide phosphate and inhibits enzyme activities.
D-Malic acid has been used in analytical methods for determining the concentration of malonic acid and other related compounds by measuring the change in chemical stability of the inhibitor.
D-Malic acid is a chiral compound with a high degree of chemical stability, which makes it useful for microbial metabolism studies.

CAS: 636-61-3
MF: C4H6O5
MW: 134.09
EINECS: 211-262-2

Synonyms
Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, (R)-;hydroxy-,(R)-Butanedioicacid;l(+)-malicaci;(R)-(+)-MALIC ACID;(R)-MALIC ACID;Malic Acid Impurity 3;(2R)-2-hydroxybutanedioate;(+)-D-MALIC ACID;D-(+)-malic acid;636-61-3;D-malic acid;D(+)-Malic acid;(R)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid;(R)-malic acid;D-malate;(2R)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid;Malic acid, D-;Malic acid D-(+)-form;(+)-D-malic acid;D-Hydroxybutanedioic acid;MFCD00004245;R-Malic acid;(R)-malate;MLS000069520;(r)-(+)-hydroxysuccinic acid;CHEBI:30796;P750Y95K96;SMR000058580;L(+)-Malic acid;Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, (2R)-;D-(+)-Apple Acid;(R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid;Malic acid, L(+)-;EINECS 211-262-2;UNII-P750Y95K96;(R)-(+)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid;ApfelsA currencyure;(+)-Malic acid;Opera_ID_1814;(R)-2-Hydroxysuccinicacid;SCHEMBL98496;Hydroxy-(R)-Butanedioic acid;(R)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid;CHEMBL225986;DTXSID90892496;BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UWTATZPHSA-N;D-Malic acid, analytical standard;HMS2234D08;CS-B0824;AKOS016842807;AC-1885;DB03499;MALIC ACID D-(+)-FORM [MI];AS-14126;HY-20558;M0021;NS00068397;EN300-96989;BUTANEDIOIC ACID, 2-HYDROXY-, (2R)-;C00497;M-0800;AAF7D69B-7713-4E35-92ED-EA50BA0FCDCE;D-(+)-Malic acid, unnatural form, >=97.0% (T);Q27104149;Z1205493568;(2R)-2-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID; 2-HYDROXY-SUCCINIC ACID

D-Malic acid also has a high kinetic constant, making it useful for studying cell lysis in E. coli K-12.
An optically active form of malic acid having (R)-configuration.
D-Malic acid, an active isomer of Malic acid, is a competitive inhibitor of L(--)malic acid transport.
Some bacteria belonging to Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Acinetobacter produced D-(+)-Malic acid (D-Malic acid) from Maleic acid when the cells grown in a medium containing citraconic acid are reacted aerobically with Maleic acid in the pH 7.0 phosphate buffer containing 0.1% sodium chloride.
D-Malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive.
D-Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally.
The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates.
The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.

D-Malic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 98-102 °C (lit.)
Alpha: 2.2 º (c=3, H2O)
Boiling point: 167.16°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.60
Refractive index: 6.5 ° (C=10, Acetone)
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: Soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether.
Form: Crystalline Powder
Pka: 3.61±0.23(Predicted)
Color: White
PH: 2.2 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Optical activity: [α]20/D +28.0±2°, c = 5.5% in pyridine
Water Solubility: soluble
Merck: 14,5707
BRN: 1723540
LogP: -1.370 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 636-61-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: D-Malic acid(636-61-3)

Uses
The naturally occuring isomer is the L-form which has been found in apples and many other fruits and plants.
Selective α-amino protecting reagent for amino acid derivatives.
D-Malic acid used as an acidulant and flavoring agent, food additive.
And D-Malic acid is also used in the place of the less sour citric acid in sour sweets.

D-Malic acid can be used:
As a starting material for the enantioselective total synthesis of -erinapyrone B.
As a chiral organocatalyst in the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates from various aldehydes, aniline, and diethyl phosphite.

Synthesis
D-Malic acid is isolated from immature apples; industrially prepared is obtained by catalytic oxidation of benzene, then reacting with water at high temperature and high pressure to generate maleic anhydride.
DMAPA – Dimethylaminopropylamine
SYNONYMS 1-Amino-3-dimethylaminopropane ;3-DIMETHYLAMINO-1-PROPYLAMINE; 3-DIMETHYLAMINO-N-PROPYLAMINE; 3-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYLAMINE; DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYLAMINE; DMAPA; N,N-DIMETHYL-1,3-DIAMINOPROPANE; N,N-DIMETHYL-1,3-PROPANEDIAMINE; N,N-DIMETHYL PROPANE-1,3-DIAMINE; N,N-DIMETHYLTRIMETHYLENEDIAMINE; RARECHEM AL BW 0072; 1-(Dimethylamino)-3-aminopropane; 1,3-propanediamine,N,N-dimethyl CAS NO:109-55-7
DMCHA – N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine
SYNONYMS Cyclohexyldimethylamine, Dimethylaminocyclohexane. CAS NO:98-94-2