N,N-Dimethylformamide; N-Formyldimethylamine; Dimethylamid kyseliny mravenci; Dimethylformamid; Dimetilformamide; N,N-Dimetilformamida; DMF; Dwumetyloformamid; N,N-Dimethylmethanamide; Formic acid, amide, N,N-dimethyl-; amide,n,n-dimethyl-formicaci; Dimethylamid kyseliny mravenci; dimethylamidkyselinymravenci; dimethylamidkyselinymravenci(czech); Dimethylforamide; Dimethylformamid; Dimetilformamide; Dimetylformamidu; dimetylformamidu(czech); dlmethylformamide; DMF (Amide) CAS NO:68-12-2

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a colorless to yellowish liquid with an amine-like odor, miscible with water, and is particularly suitable for one-component polyurethane rigid foam sealant systems.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a strong foaming tertiary amine catalyst used for the catalytic reaction of isocyanates (NCO) and water in polyurethane systems, including TDI, MDI, and IPDI.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine provides excellent stability and a long storage life for NCO-containing components due to the steric hindrance effect of its amino groups, making it ideal for use in moisture-cured polyurethane applications and flexible slabstock foams.

CAS Number: 6425-39-4
EC Number: 229-194-7
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular weight: 244.33

Synonyms: Niax, 4,4′-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Lupragen N 106, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a colorless to yellowish liquid ,with an amine -like odor .
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is also miscibie with water.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine particularly suitable for one component polyurethane rigid foam sealant systems.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a tertiary amine catalyst for the production of polyurethane foam

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is suitable for water curing systems and is a strong foaming catalyst.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is suitable for the catalytic reaction of NCO and water in systems such as TDI, MDI, and IPDI.

The addition amount of Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine accounts for 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is an amine catalyst that is isocyanate stable.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is suitable for processing by extrusion blow molding.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a good blowing catalyst that does not cause cross-linking.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a straw yellow viscous liquid.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is colorless to yellowish liquid with an odor of amines.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine has a fishy odor.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a tertiary amine catalyst for the production of polyurethane foam, especially suitable for the manufacturing of polyester polyurethane foams or for the preparation of one component foams (OCF)
For many years Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine has been known in the polyurethane foaming industry as a well approved catalyst, specially supporting the water / isocyanate reaction.

Due to the almost not existing gelling / cross-linking activity, Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine provides a very long shelf life when used in prepolymers.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine accounts for 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is an amine catalyst suitable for curing systems.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a strong blowing catalyst.

Due to the steric hindrance of the amino group, the NCO-containing components have a long storage period.
Since one-component polyurethane prepolymer requires long-term storage stability, Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine plays a key role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymer.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a strong foaming catalyst.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature, soluble in water.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine are chemicals that reduce the energy of activation, allowing reactions to occur faster and at lower temperatures than otherwise possible.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine do not directly participate in the reaction, and remain unchanged in the system once the reaction is complete.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is an amine catalyst suitable for water curing systems.
Single-component waterproof coating catalyst Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a strong foaming catalyst that allows for a long storage period for NCO-containing components due to the site blocking effect of the amine.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a specialty amine catalyst used in the production of flexible foam, high-resilient (HR) molded foam, and in coatings and adhesives.
The primary source of exposure to Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine would be expected to occur in the workplace during the manufacture of slabstock flexible foam, HR molded foam, hot melt adhesives, and possibly other products.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is miscible with water, freezes at -280 ℃, boils above 320 ℃, and has a low vapor pressure (0.578 mm Hg at 123 ℃).
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine has a pH = 10.4.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a high production volume chemical with wide use in the manufacture of a number of products and significant potential for occupational exposure.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is an amine blowing catalyst particularly suitable for one- and two-component rigid foam sealant systems as well as flexible slabstock foams.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine provides system tability in moisture cured polyurethane.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is suitable for water curing system.

As a strong foaming catalyst, Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine can extend the storage life of NCO components due to the resistance effect of amino group, and is suitable for NCO and water catalytic reaction in TDI, MDI, IPDI and other systems.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is also used in hot melt adhesives.
Polymer add-Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine improves the storage stability.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a strong blowing catalyst for polyether foam.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a clear, colourless to slightly yellow liquid of low viscosity and ismiscible with water at room temperature.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a catalyst system useful in the production of polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate foams using hydrohaloolefin blowing agents.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is an amine blowing catalyst particularly suitable for one- and two-component rigid foam sealant systems as well as flexible slabstock foams.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine provides system stability in moisture cured polyurethane systems.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is an amine blowing catalyst particularly suitable for one- and two-component rigid foam sealant systems as well as flexible slabstock foams.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a colorless to yellowish liquid, with an amine-like odor.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is also miscible with water.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine particularly suitable for one component polyurethane rigid foam sealant systems.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is an amine blowing catalyst particularly suitable for one- and two-component rigid foam sealant systems as well as for flexible slabstock foams.

Uses of Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine:
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is used in rigid foam sealant systems as well as for flexible slabstock foams.
When Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is used in moisture-cured systems, Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine provides a stable prepolymer with a rapid cure.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine can be used in flexible polyester-based urethane foams, as well as semiflexible foams and HR molded foams.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a high-boiling amine that can be used in flexible polyester foams, HR molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a high boilng catalyst for use in flexible polyester-based foams, semiflexible foams and HR moulded foams.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine can be used in one component moisture- cured system to provide a stable prepolymer that can undergo rapid cure.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is mainly used In one-component rigid polyurethane foam system.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine can be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-rigid foam, CASE material, etc.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is used in one component moisture cured applications
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is mainly used in the production of foams, e.g. polyester polyurethane foams or one component foams where on one hand the so-called "gas reaction" is promoted, but on the other hand the influence on the so-called "cross-linking reaction" is minor.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine curing system suitable for use in water due to the steric effect of the amino group.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine mainly used for one-component rigid polyurethane foam system, can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane foam, semi-rigid, CASE materials, adding an amount of polyether / ester component of 0.3-0.55% .
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is used as a blowing agent in the production of flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is also used in hot melt adhesives.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is suitable for use in water curing systems.

Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is used as a one-component polyurethane system (such as one-component polyurethane sealant, one-component polyurethane foam, one-component polyurethane The catalyst (or curing agent) in grouting materials, etc.).

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is suitable for water curing systems, A strong blowing catalyst, due to the steric hindrance of amino groups, can extend the storage period of NCO components, suitable for the catalytic reaction of NCO and water in systems such as TDI, MDI, and IPDI.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and also used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-rigid foam, CASE material, etc.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is mainly used for one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, but also for polyether-type and polyester-type polyurethane flexible foam, semi-rigid foam, CASE materials, etc.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is used as a catalyst in polyurethane insulating foams released under pressure or from pressurized cans, in hot melt urethane adhesives, in the formation of flexible orthopedic casts, and in warm melt adhesives used in book binding applications.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine are primarily used in furniture seat cushions and bedding materials; molded foam is used in automotive seats, packaging, and a wide range of specialty products.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine provides system tability in moisture cured polyurethane
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine can be used in one- and two-component sealant foams as well as flexible slabstock foams.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine provides solutions to a wide range of urethane applications including polyether and polyester foams, coatings, elastomers, and high-modulus urethane plastics.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a highly selective blowing catalyst and mainly used in onecomponent applications, like 1-K Spray foam or 1-K Adhesives
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is suitable for one and two component rigid foam sealant as well as for flexible slab-stock foams.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is used as catalysts for reactive hot-melt adhesives.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a specialty amine catalyst / blowing agent used in the production of flexible foam, high-resilient (HR) molded foam, and in coatings and adhesives.

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is mainly used in single-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and can also be used in polyether type and polyester type polyurethane soft foam, semi-hard foam, CASE materials, etc., with the added amount accounting for 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine can be used in one- and two-component sealant foams as well as flexible slabstock foams.
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is a high-production volume chemical used in the production of flexible foam, high-resilient molded foam, and in coatings and adhesives.

Manufacture of Dimethyl Diethyl Ethanolamine:

Overview of Production Process:

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is produced through a chemical synthesis process that typically involves the following key steps:

Raw Materials:

Diethylamine:
A key starting material, often used in excess to drive the reaction.

Dimethylamine:
Another starting material that reacts with diethylamine.

Ethanol:
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is used as a reactant in the process.

Catalysts:
Acid or base catalysts may be employed to facilitate the reaction.

Synthesis Process:

Amination Reaction:

Reaction Type:
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is typically synthesized via a reaction between dimethylamine, diethylamine, and ethanol.

Reaction Conditions:
The reaction usually occurs in a solvent at elevated temperatures.
Acidic or basic catalysts may be used to control the reaction conditions.

Equation:

The general reaction can be represented as:
2 CH3NH2+2 C2H5NH2+2 CH3CH2OH→DMDEE+By-products

​Separation and Purification:

Distillation:
Following the reaction, the mixture is often distilled to separate Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine from by-products and unreacted materials.

Filtration:
If needed, filtration can be employed to remove any solid impurities.

Crystallization:
Crystallization might be used to purify the product further.

Quality Control:

Analysis:
Various analytical methods such as gas chromatography (GC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are used to verify the purity and composition of the final product.

Testing:
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is tested to ensure it meets the required specifications and standards for its intended use.

Safety and Environmental Considerations:

Handling:
Care should be taken to handle raw materials and intermediates safely, as they can be hazardous.
Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilation systems should be used.

Waste Management:
By-products and waste materials must be managed according to environmental regulations.
This may involve neutralization, recycling, or proper disposal.

Storage:
Store Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine and raw materials in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances such as strong acids and oxidizers.

Applications:

Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is used in various applications including:

Catalysis:
As a catalyst in chemical reactions, particularly in polymerization processes.

Chemical Intermediates:
In the production of other chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Industrial Uses:
In processes such as oil refining or as a stabilizer in industrial formulations.

The manufacture of Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine requires careful control of reaction conditions, purification processes, and adherence to safety protocols to ensure high-quality and safe production.

Handling and Storage of Dimethyl Diethyl Ethanolamine:

Handling:
Use in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure.
Avoid direct skin and eye contact.

Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats.
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practices.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry place away from heat sources and direct sunlight.
Keep container tightly closed when not in use.

Store in a well-ventilated area to prevent accumulation of vapors.
Ensure compatibility with other stored materials to avoid dangerous reactions.

Stability and Reactivity of Dimethyl Diethyl Ethanolamine:

Stability:
Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is generally stable under normal conditions of use and storage.
Avoid exposure to excessive heat, light, and air.

Reactivity:
Reacts with acids and strong oxidizing agents.
Avoid contact with incompatible substances to prevent hazardous reactions.

First Aid Measures of Dimethyl Diethyl Ethanolamine:

Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Eye Contact:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Ingestion:

Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention.

Fire Fighting Measures of Dimethyl Diethyl Ethanolamine:

Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide (CO2) to extinguish fires.
Water can be used to cool containers involved in the fire.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and protective clothing.
Use water spray to cool exposed containers and prevent re-ignition.
Avoid inhaling fumes and vapors.

Hazardous Combustion Products:
Combustion may produce toxic fumes such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.

Accidental Release Measures of Dimethyl Diethyl Ethanolamine:

Personal Precautions:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapors and contact with skin and eyes.

Environmental Precautions:
Prevent the product from entering drains, water courses, or soil.
Contain the spill to prevent environmental contamination.

Cleanup Methods:
Absorb with inert material such as sand or earth.
Collect and dispose of the material according to local regulations.
Clean the affected area with water and detergent.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of Dimethyl Diethyl Ethanolamine:

Exposure Limits:
Follow established exposure limits for Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine as per local regulations.

Engineering Controls:
Ensure adequate ventilation in areas where Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is used or stored.
Use fume hoods or local exhaust systems to control exposure.

Personal Protective Equipment:

Eye Protection:
Safety goggles or face shield.

Skin Protection:
Chemical-resistant gloves and protective clothing.

Respiratory Protection:
Use a respirator with an appropriate filter if ventilation is insufficient or exposure limits are exceeded.

Hygiene Measures:
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where Dimethyl diethyl ethanolamine is handled.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Identifiers of Dimethyl Diethyl Ethanolamine:
Chemical Name: Dimethyl-diethyl-ethanolamine
Other Names: DMDEE
Chemical Formula: C₇H₁₇NO
CAS Number: 100-97-0
EC Number: 202-802-4
IUPAC Name: N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethylaminoethanol
SMILES: CCN(C)CCO
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H17NO/c1-4-8(2)6-7-5-9/h8-9H,4-7H2,1-3H3
InChIKey: FKOQTYVPSKTQCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Number: 6425-39-4
EC Number: 229-194-7
MDL number: MFCD00072740
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3

Properties of Dimethyl Diethyl Ethanolamine:
Molecular weight: 244.33
Density: 1.06
Boiling point: 309℃
Flash point: 146℃
Moisture content: ≤0.5
Appearance Form: liquid
Colour: yellow
Odour: No data available
Odour Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available

Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 309 °C - lit.
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapour pressure: No data available
Vapour density: No data available
Relative density: 1,06 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Water solubility: No data available

Dimethyl Ethanol Amine IUPAC Name 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol Dimethyl Ethanol Amine InChI 1S/C4H11NO/c1-5(2)3-4-6/h6H,3-4H2,1-2H3 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine InChI Key UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Canonical SMILES CN(C)CCO Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Molecular Formula C4H11NO Dimethyl Ethanol Amine CAS 108-01-0 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Deprecated CAS 116134-09-9, 156681-25-3 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine European Community (EC) Number 203-542-8 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine ICSC Number 0654 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine NSC Number 2652 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine RTECS Number KK6125000 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine UN Number 2051 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine UNII 2N6K9DRA24 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID2020505 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Physical Description Liquid Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Color/Form Colorless liquid Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Odor Amine odor Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Boiling Point 275 °F at 758 mm Hg Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Melting Point -74 °F Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Flash Point 105 °F Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Solubility greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 73° F Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Density 0.887 at 68 °F Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Vapor Density 3.03 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Vapor Pressure 7.8 mm Hg at 72 °F ; 18.8 mm Hg at 103.1° F; 77.5 mm Hg at 155.3° F Dimethyl Ethanol Amine LogP log Kow = -0.55 at 23 °C Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Atmospheric OH Rate Constant 9.00e-11 cm3/molecule*sec Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Stability/Shelf Life Stable under recommended storage conditions. Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Autoignition Temperature 563 °F Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Decomposition When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Viscosity 3.5839 mPa.s at 21.6 °C Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Heat of Vaporization 42.7-43.2 kJ/mol Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Surface Tension 28.2 mN/m at 20 °C Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Refractive Index Index of refraction: 1.4300 at 20 °C Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Dissociation Constants pKa = 9.3 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Other Experimental Properties Bulk density wt/gal at 20 °C: 7.4 lb/gal Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Molecular Weight 89.14 g/mol Dimethyl Ethanol Amine XLogP3-AA -0.4 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Rotatable Bond Count 2 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Exact Mass 89.084064 g/mol Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Monoisotopic Mass 89.084064 g/mol Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Topological Polar Surface Are 23.5 Ų Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Heavy Atom Count 6 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Formal Charge 0 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Complexity 28.7 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Isotope Atom Count 0 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 Dimethyl Ethanol Amine Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Dimethyl Ethanol Amine is commonly referred to as 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) or dimethylethanolamine (DMEA). It holds tertiary amine and primary alcohol groups as functional groups. Dimethyl Ethanol Amine has been used in the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease, autism, and tardive dyskinesia. It has been also used as an ingredient in skin care, and in cognitive function- and mood-enhancing products.No beneficial effects were obtained when Dimethyl Ethanol Amine was administered to 11 patients with tardive dyskinesia of long duration. Doses of Dimethyl Ethanol Amine were increased gradually over a period of 9 days until a level of 400 mg 4 times a day was reached; this dose level was then maintained for an additional 9 days.Two case reports are presented in which Dimethyl Ethanol Amine (I) was used unsuccessfully to treat tardive dyskinesia. The first case report involved an 89-yr-old male with a 50 yr history of chronic paranoid schizophrenia and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia. I was administered in doses ranging from 450 to 600 mg daily for 5 months but had to be discontinued due to the development of marked sialism, bronchospasm, and parkinson rigidity. No change in the patient's tardive dyskinesia was noted. A second patient with tardive dyskinesia and a 30 yr history of schizophrenia received up to 800 mg daily of I for 5 months with no improvement noted.Dimethyl Ethanol Amine therapy proved successful in 4 patients with tardive dyskinesia due to psychotherapeutic agents; the effect of Dimethyl Ethanol Amine was apparent while the offending agent was still being used.Poor results were reported when dimethylaminoethanol (Dimethyl Ethanol Amine) was used to treat 17 patients with Huntington's chorea. Dimethyl Ethanol Amine was started at a dosage of 50 to 300 mg/day, which was increased slowly in the more fragile patients to 200 mg to 300 mg/day as tolerated, and more rapidly in the vigorous patients to 400 to 1200 mg/day over the course of a few weeks. Of the 17 patients, Dimethyl Ethanol Amine therapy was stopped in 11 after 2 to 9 months because of increased petulance, insomnia and resentment of treatment failure. It is not clear whether these were positive side effects of the pharmacologic agent, merely a re-emergence of symptoms as the effect of prior treatment with major tranquilizers diminished, or the natural progression of the disease. Six patients experienced either some subjective benefit or minor observable improvement in either mood or movements. None changed as much as a half-interval on the 10-point disability scale used. No serious behavioral, medical or biochemical side effects occurred.Dimethyl Ethanol Amine (I) therapy in 4 patients with tardive dyskinesia is reported. Three patients, who had stable bucco-lingual masticatory movement for 6 to 12 months, received up to 1.6-2 g a day of Dimethyl Ethanol Amine for 21 to 56 days with no improvement. One patient with tardive dyskinesia of 2 weeks' duration experienced a complete disappearance of all movements shortly after beginning treatment in a dose of 1 g daily. Discontinuation of Dimethyl Ethanol Amine resulted in no recurrence of symptoms. Dimethyl Ethanol Amine is not effective for well established cases of tardive dyskinesia.Cholinergic drugs have been used to treat tardive dyskinesia. /The objective of the study was/ to determine the effects of cholinergic drugs (arecoline, choline, Dimethyl Ethanol Amine, lecithin, meclofenoxate, physostigmine, RS 86, tacrine, metoxytacrine, galantamine, ipidacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, eptastigmine, metrifonate, xanomeline, cevimeline) for treating neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia in people with schizophrenia or other chronic mental illness. Dimethyl Ethanol Amine may cause gastric adverse effects (5 RCTs, 61 people, RR 9.00 CI 0.55-148) and other adverse effects such as sedation and peripheral cholinergic effects (6 RCTs, 94 people, RR 6.83 CI 0.99-47). One study reported on global outcome.10 Chronic psychotic pt with symptoms of tardive dyskinesia; 7 given Dimethyl Ethanol Amine & 3 placebos for 8 wk. Improvement occurred in all pt regardless of treatment. Dimethyl Ethanol Amine may have contributed to decline but effect was not dramatic.Serious cholinergic side effects were reported in a 37-yr-old woman with tardive dyskinesia who had been taking Dimethyl Ethanol Amine. Dimethyl Ethanol Amine was given for 19 days in increasing doses. After 17 days, while receiving 1.5 g/day, the patient began to experience symptoms.Dimethyl Ethanol Amine (400-6000 mg/day for 1-4 mo) admin to pt with involuntary movement disorders produced mood changes (depression or hypomania) only in those pt with tardive dyskinesia with a past history of psychiatric disorders.Daily oral exposures (Dimethyl Ethanol Amine acetamidobenzoate, DMAE, or Deaner) of chinchilla rabbits or humans produced measurable plasma and cerebrospinal concentrations of the parent compound. The drugs were cleared from the plasma by 36 hours post-treatment.Specific methods utilizing combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry were used to measure the metabolism of [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine and its effects on acetylcholine concentration in vitro and in vivo. In vitro [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine was rapidly taken up by rat brain synaptosomes, but was neither methylated nor acetylated. [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine was a weak competitive inhibitor of the high affinity transport of [(2)H4]choline, thus reducing the synthesis of [(2)H4]acetylcholine. In vivo [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine was present in the brain after i.p. or p.o. administration, but was not methylated or acetylated. Treatment of rats with [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine significantly increased the concentration of choline in the plasma and brain but did not alter the concentration of acetylcholine in the brain. Treatment of rats with atropine (to stimulate acetylcholine turnover) or with hemicholinium-3 (to inhibit the high affinity transport of choline) did not reveal any effect of [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine on acetylcholine synthesis in vivo. However, since [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine did increase brain choline, it may prove therapeutically useful when the production of choline is reduced or when the utilization of choline for the synthesis of acetylcholine is impaired.Specific methods utilizing combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry were used to measure the metabolism of [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine and its effects on acetylcholine concentration in vitro and in vivo. In vitro [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine was rapidly taken up by rat brain synaptosomes, but was neither methylated nor acetylated. [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine was a weak competitive inhibitor of the high affinity transport of [(2)H4]choline, thus reducing the synthesis of [(2)H4]acetylcholine. In vivo [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine was present in the brain after i.p. or p.o. administration, but was not methylated or acetylated. Treatment of rats with [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine significantly increased the concentration of choline in the plasma and brain but did not alter the concentration of acetylcholine in the brain. Treatment of rats with atropine (to stimulate acetylcholine turnover) or with hemicholinium-3 (to inhibit the high affinity transport of choline) did not reveal any effect of [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine on acetylcholine synthesis in vivo. However, since [(2)H6]Dimethyl Ethanol Amine did increase brain choline, it may prove therapeutically useful when the production of choline is reduced or when the utilization of choline for the synthesis of acetylcholine is impaired.2-Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) (also known as Dimethyl Ethanol Amine) has been used as an ingredient in skin care, and in cognitive function- and mood-enhancing products.Dimethyl Ethanol Amine ACETAMIDOBENZOATE /WHICH/ IS THE P-ACETAMIDOBENZOIC ACID SALT OF 2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL (Dimethyl Ethanol Amine). /Dimethyl Ethanol Amine ACETAMIDOBENZOATE/2-Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) (also known as Dimethyl Ethanol Amine) has been used as an ingredient in skin care, and in cognitive function- and mood-enhancing products. It is marketed as a free base or salt, and in theory, the two forms should be equally effective and able to substitute for each other in pharmaceutical formulations.A method is described for the simultaneous determination of Dimethyl Ethanol Amine & choline in biological samples. The compd were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a silanized glass column packed with 5% ddts, 5% ov-101 on GC 22, 100/200 mesh at 100 °C.Dimethyl Ethanol Amine determination in tissue by gas chromatography.Dithiocarb and (+)-cyanidanol-3-prevented paracetamol-induced liver injury in rats in vivo. Both, as well as two other antihepatotoxic agents, Dimethyl Ethanol Amine and DMSO, inhibited covalent binding of [(3)H]-paracetamol to rat liver microsomal proteins in vitro. Dithiocarb and (+)-cyanidanol-3 were the most effective inhibitors. The concentrations of the antidotes yielding 50% inhibition (I50) valued 1.8 x 10(-5) M for dithiocarb and 2.1 x 10(-5) M for (+)-cyanidanol-3.Larger doses produced insomnia, muscle tenseness, and spontaneous muscle twitches. Serious cholinergic side effects were reported in a 37-yr-old woman with tardive dyskinesia who had been taking Dimethyl Ethanol Amine. The present 2-phase randomized double-blind split face study was designed to compare the effect of a gel containing 3% 2-dimethylaminoethanol (Dimethyl Ethanol Amine, DMAE) with the same formulation without DMAE. Skincare formulations for the improvement of aging skin are increasingly important consumer products. Here, we review available data on one such agent - 2-dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) or Dimethyl Ethanol Amine - that has recently been evaluated in a placebo-controlled trial.Seventy-four children referred for problems with learning, including many with hyperactivity, were screened for neurological or psychiatric illness, then given Dimethyl Ethanol Amine, methylphenidate, or placebo in a double-blind fashion for 3 months. Maintenance dose for methylphenidate was 40 mg daily; for Dimethyl Ethanol Amine, 500 mg. Behavior rating forms, reaction time, and a series of standard psychometric tests were given before and after treatment. Both drugs showed significant improvement on a number of tests; the pattern and degree of change differed slightly for the 2. In this paradigm, Dimethyl Ethanol Amine thus appeared to improve performance in children with learning and behavior disorders. The mechanism of action remains speculative; proof that Dimethyl Ethanol Amine increases acetylcholine is scanty, and there is a theoretical basis for actually assuming an anticholinergic effect.2-Dimethylaminoethanol (deanol, DMAE) is a precursor of acetylcholine. Microwave spectral studies on DMAE have reported the following values; the rotational constants (MHz) A = 5814.0(2), B = 2214.54(2), and C = 2037.96(2) and a dipole moment of 2.56 D, with a, b, and c components (D) of 2.27(2), 0.3(1), and 1.16(5), respectively.2-Dimethylaminoethanol (deanol, DMAE) may be employed as a ligand in the copper-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides and iodides.Dimethylethanolamine (DMAE or DMEA) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH. It is bifunctional, containing both a tertiary amine and primary alcohol functional groups. It is a colorless viscous liquid. It is used in skin care products. It is prepared by the ethoxylation of dimethylamine.It is a precursor to other chemicals, such as the nitrogen mustard 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride.The acrylate ester is used as a flocculating agent.The bitartrate salt of DMAE, i.e. 2-dimethylaminoethanol (+)-bitartrate, is sold as a dietary supplement.It is a white powder providing 37% DMAE.Related compounds are used in gas purification, e.g. removal of hydrogen sulfide from sour gas streams.DMAE is a novel ingredient initially used in the treatment of hyperkinetic disorders and to improve memory. It is now being used in cosmeceutical products, gaining popularity from its activity as a precursor to acetylcholine. Initially utilized as a firming and anti-aging product, new functions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, have now been elucidated. In vitro, DMAE inhibits IL-2 and IL-6 secretion in addition to its actions as a free radical scavenger. Although the exact mechanism of action of DMAE is unclear, its acetylcholine-like functions increase contractility and cell adhesion in the epidermis and dermis, resulting in the appearance of firmer skin.Double-blind trials of 3% DMAE facial gel showed improved facial skin firmness and increased muscle tone as evidenced by decreased neck sagging. Topical formulations are also now available, with a low irritancy profile. Few well controlled studies exist documenting its long-term efficacy and toxicity.Centrophenoxine has been synthesized in France from dimethylaminoethanol and p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (Thuillier et al., 1960) and displays many properties of natural growth factors. It is a metabolic regulator that influences cellular respiration and glucidic metabolism in the vegetable cell (Nandy, 1968). It has been sold as Lucidril (Bourne, 1973), ANP 235, and Helfergin. The French Pharmaceutical Codex calls it Centrophenoxine, the World Health Organization list of drugs, Clofenoxine. The drug has been shown to prevent the falling of leaves from trees (Hallaway, 1960). In medical practice, it is used to ameliorate senility in the geriatric population. The most striking effect of the administration of centrophenoxine is a diminution of the lipofuscin content of nerve cells. The activity of succinic and lactic dehydrogenase activity is enhanced. The drug also acts on lysosomes, since it reduces simple esterase and acid phosphatase (Nandy, 1978a). Spoerri and Glees (1974) described vacuolation of the lipid droplets of pigment granules and disintegration of larger accumulations. The lipofuscin was passed to the periphery of nerve cells and out, to be removed by phagocytes and endothelial cells. Centrophenoxine not only reduces lipofuscin accumulation but also slows its deposition. Nandy et al. (1978) observed that neuroblastoma cells in tissue cultures treated with centrophenoxine developed less pigment and retained more rough endoplasmic reticulum. Nerve cells of old guinea pigs and monkeys treated for several weeks with centrophenoxine showed diminished lipofuscin storage (Nandy, 1968). The effect was specific for the brain since pigment content of heart, liver, adrenal, and kidney was unaltered (Bourne, 1973). In rats, the drug not only reduced lipofuscin by 25 to 42.3%, but reverted the distribution in cell groups and the histochemical and autofluorescent properties of the pigment to the more juvenile type (Riga and Riga, 1974). When given to young mice, pigment deposition still occurred but at a slower rate (Nandy, 1978a). Learning and memory was improved in 11- to 12-month-old mice after a 3-month course with the drug (Nandy, 1978c). Despite these promising animal experiments, senile dementia has not declined in the population since the introduction of Centrophenoxine. It might be interesting to try this drug in the “ceroid lipofuscinoses,” although treatment with vitamin E has proved disappointing.Tappel et al. (1973), feeding older mice a diet supplemented with antioxidant compounds and related nutrients (including vitamin E, butylated hydroxytoluene, selenium, ascorbic acid, and methionine) lessened lipofuscin deposition in heart and testis, without, however, affecting mortality and other aging phenomena.TD may include a central cholinergic deficiency. Therefore, cholinergic drugs (arecoline, choline, deanol, lecithin, meclofenoxate, physostigmine, RS 86, tacrine, metoxytacrine, galantamine, ipidacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, eptastigmine, metrifonate, xanomeline, cevimeline) have been used to treat TD. None of the RCTs with cholinergic drugs have shown a significant beneficial effect on TD. However, the sample size of most studies was small (5–20) and the new cholinergic Alzheimer drugs have not been tested yet (Tammenmaa et al., 2004).Yaffe and Kennedy (1983) measured the rate of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl-N-propyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine (PDME), and phosphatidylethanolamine transport from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria in BHK cells and in a reconstituted system. In cells, phosphatidylcholine and PDME were transported rapidly (t1/2 = 5 min), whereas phosphatidylethanolamine was moved 20–80 times slower. Because transport of the lipids occurred at different rates in the reconstituted system, these investigators concluded that phospholipid exchange proteins may not have moved the lipids in vivo. However, the intracellular transport rates of phosphatidylcholine and PDME are consistent with other studies attempting to measure phospholipid exchange protein-mediated movement.Paltauf and co-workers have measured the kinetics of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in yeast (Daum et al., 1986). Phosphatidylethanolamine is transported from mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum by an energy-dependent process, whereas energy-dependent and energy-independent transport of phosphatidylcholine from the endoplasmic retieulum to mitochondria occurs. Phospholipid exchange protein activities, specific for phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol but not phosphatidylethanolamine, have been identified in yeast (Daum and Paltauf, 1984). Thus, the energy-independent transport observed in vivo may represent protein-mediated monomer transport.Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy with about 30% of patients developing pharmacoresistance. These patients continue to suffer from seizures despite polytherapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and have an increased risk for premature death, thus requiring further efforts for the development of new antiepileptic therapies. The molecule dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) has been tested as a potential treatment in various neurological diseases, albeit the functional mechanism of action was never fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of DMEA on neuronal activity in single-cell recordings of primary neuronal cultures. DMEA decreased the frequency of spontaneous synaptic events in a concentration-dependent manner with no apparent effect on resting membrane potential (RMP) or action potential (AP) threshold. We further tested whether DMEA can exert antiepileptic effects in human brain tissue ex vivo. We analyzed the effect of DMEA on epileptiform activity in the CA1 region of the resected hippocampus of TLE patients in vitro by recording extracellular field potentials in the pyramidal cell layer. Epileptiform burst activity in resected hippocampal tissue from TLE patients remained stable over several hours and was pharmacologically suppressed by lacosamide, demonstrating the applicability of our platform to test antiepileptic efficacy. Similar to lacosamide, DMEA also suppressed epileptiform activity in the majority of samples, albeit with variable interindividual effects. In conclusion, DMEA might present a new approach for treatment in pharmacoresistant TLE and further studies will be required to identify its exact mechanism of action and the involved molecular targets.Epilepsy is a major neurological disorder affecting up to 65 million people worldwide (Hirtz et al., 2007; Ngugi et al., 2010). The need for adequate treatment is not only given by seizures itself along with associated risks of injury and premature death but also by comorbidities and social stigmatization. Specifically in focal epilepsy, 30%–40% of patients do not respond to currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), resulting in pharmacoresistance with ongoing seizures despite treatments with multiple AEDs at high dosages (Stephen et al., 2001). Alternative therapies such as ketogenic diet or brain stimulation have been suggested to reduce seizure burden in pharmacoresistant patients (Giordano et al., 2014; Kowski et al., 2015; Dibué-Adjei et al., 2019). However, ketogenic diet has been shown to be effective in children and with modification in adults but is still rarely considered as treatment in adults (Hallböök et al., 2015; Falco-Walter et al., 2019). Ongoing investigations show promising seizure reduction in pharmacoresistant patients by deep brain stimulation (Zangiabadi et al., 2019). However, this approach requires optimal selection of targeted brain regions and prospective trials are lacking. Finally, surgical removal of the epileptic focus remains often the only treatment option for pharmacoresistant patients (Wiebe et al., 2001; Engel et al., 2007). Yet, only in a minority of patients, epilepsy is amenable to surgery, and only 60%–70% of resected patients have a positive outcome with substantial reduction of the seizure burden (International League Against Epilepsy Outcome Scale 1–2; Mohan et al., 2018). Thus, identification of new antiepileptic treatment options in focal pharmacoresistant epilepsy is of paramount importance.Dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) has previously been investigated as a stimulant and treatment for several neurological diseases, including tardive dyskinesia (TD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and senile dementia (Ferris et al., 1977; Penovich et al., 1978; de Montigny et al., 1979; Fisman et al., 1981; George et al., 1981). First, application of DMEA to human healthy volunteers dates back to the 1960s when DMEA was reported to exert stimulating effects comparable to amphetamine (Murphree et al., 1960; Pfeiffer et al., 1963). Murphree et al. (1960) described improved concentration, increased muscle tone and changed sleeping habits in healthy males (21–26 years) with an intake of 10–20 mg DMEA (or Deanol) daily for 2–3 weeks compared to a placebo group. In later studies, DMEA was hypothesized as an acetylcholine (ACh) precursor and therefore tested in diseases that are considered to be linked to the cholinergic system. However, results of several studies were inconclusive and a systematic review could not confirm the positive effects of DMEA or other cholinergic compounds in patients with TD (Tammenmaa et al., 2004). In addition, in vivo experiments showed that DMEA is not methylated to choline and does not alter brain ACh levels (Millington et al., 1978; Jope and Jenden, 1979).Interestingly, in both acute and chronic seizure models in rats, a conjugate of DMEA and valproate (DEVA) was shown to be more potent than valproate alone, potentially by facilitation of valproate transport via the blood brain barrier (Shekh-Ahmad et al., 2012). In this study, however, the effects of DMEA alone were not tested. To our knowledge, effects of DMEA on pathological neuronal network activity have never been investigated before.In principle, resected human tissue of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients carries the potential to bridge the translational gap between preclinical and clinical drug development. Animal models have been instrumental in the discovery and preclinical development of novel AEDs (Löscher, 2011). However, animal models cannot represent all aspects of complex neurological disorders and sometimes produce misleading results as exemplified by the neuropeptide galanin. Galanin showed robust antiepileptic effects in a mouse model of epilepsy, however, the effect could not be reproduced in resected human tissue (Ledri et al., 2015).Here, we decided to investigate the effects of DMEA on epileptiform activity directly in ex vivo human tissue resected from epilepsy patients.DMAE is hypothesized to increase the production of acetylcholine (a chemical that helps nerve cells transmit signals). Since acetylcholine plays a key role in many brain functions, such as learning and memory, proponents claim that taking DMAE in supplement form may boost brain health by raising acetylcholine levels.1Drugs that raise acetylcholine levels have been used to treat Alzheimer's disease, so some studies have looked at DMAE as a potential Alzheimer's treatment. So far, however, they've failed to show any promising results.DMAE has been used somewhat to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but this use has only weak evidence behind it. A 2011 study on nutritional treatments stated that it "probably has a small effect."In addition, DMAE has been looked at to boost athletic performance, elevate mood, and address symptoms of depression.Currently, the effects of DMAE aren't scientifically well documented.DMAE cream, lotion, and other skin-care products are said to offer anti-aging benefits by reducing the appearance of wrinkles, dark under-eye circles, and sagging neck skin. While research on DMAE's effectiveness is very limited, there's some evidence that using DMAE-based products may help improve skin.For instance, a review published in the American Journal of Clinical Dermatology states that DMAE may help to increase skin firmness and curb inflammation in the skin. In their analysis of previously published research, the review's authors found that DMAE may help to lessen fine wrinkles on the forehead and around the eyes and improve the overall appearance of aging skin. What's more, the review's authors noted that DMAE did not appear to cause common side effects such as redness, peeling, and dryness.In a preliminary study published in Pharmazie in 2009, topically applied DMAE led to increased thickness of the epidermal and dermal skin layers (in contrast, application of formulations without DMAE increased thickness of the epidermal layer only).For a study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease in 2012, 242 people (all of whom were diagnosed with early-stage Alzheimer's disease) took either a placebo or an oral DMAE extract known as V0191 every day for 24 weeks. At the study's end, there was no significant difference in cognitive function between the two groups.The studies noted that there may have been several issues in the study design, including a relatively short treatment period, a lack of valid measures to assess the study participants, and issues with assessing changes in cognitive function over time.There's also no evidence that oral DMAE supplements can treat depression or improve sports performance.Very little is known about the safety of DMAE supplements. However, there's some concern that DMAE may trigger certain side effects, including increased blood pressure, stomach upset, headaches, muscle tension, drowsiness, confusion, and irritability.Pregnant and nursing women and women who are trying to conceive should not take DMAE, due to concerns that it may cause neural tube defects. Also, people with bipolar disorder or epilepsy shouldn't use DMAE. You can get tips on using supplements here.When used topically, DMAE may cause skin irritation.There is not enough scientific evidence to establish a safe or effective dose of DMAE.There have been doses used in scientific studies. For example, in a study examining the athletic performance benefits of DMAE, study participants took 300 to 2000 mg of Deanol per day.The safe and effective dose for you may depend on variables including your age, gender, and medical history. Speak with your healthcare provider to get personalized advice.There currently isn't enough evidence to support the use of DMAE. If you're still considering trying it, be sure to follow guidelines provided by health experts to buy the best product for you.Also, the organization suggests that you look for a product that contains a seal of approval from a third party organization that provides quality testing. These organizations include U.S. Pharmacopeia, ConsumerLab.com, and NSF International. A seal of approval from one of these organizations does not guarantee the product's safety or effectiveness but it does provide assurance that the product was properly manufactured, contains the ingredients listed on the label, and does not contain harmful levels of contaminants.For more help in protecting your skin, consider using products that contain argan oil, shea butter, or green tea. It's also essential to wear sunscreen to shield your skin from sun-related damage and reduce your risk of skin cancer.

Isophthalic acid dimethyl ester; Dimethyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate; Isophthalic acid, dimethyl ester; Dimethyl m-phthalate; Methyl isophthalate; Methyl 3-(carbomethoxy)benzoate; Dimethylester kyseliny tereftalove CAS NO:1459-93-4

DIMETHYL LAURAMINE, N° CAS : 112-18-5, Nom INCI : DIMETHYL LAURAMINE, Nom chimique : Dodecyldimethylamine, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-943-8, Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance

DIMETHYL MYRISTAMINE, N° CAS : 112-75-4, Nom INCI : DIMETHYL MYRISTAMINE, Nom chimique : Dimethyl(tetradecyl)amine, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-002-4, Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance

Dimethyl lauryl amine, also known as dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO), is an amine oxide–based zwitterionic surfactant, with a C12 (dodecyl) alkyl tail.
Dimethyl lauryl amine is one of the most frequently-used surfactants of this type.
Like other amine oxide–based surfactants Dimethyl lauryl amine is antimicrobial, being effective against common bacteria such as S. aureus and E. coli, however, it is also non-denaturing and may be used to solubilize proteins.

CAS: 1643-20-5
MF: C14H31NO
MW: 229.4
EINECS: 216-700-6

At high concentrations, Dimethyl lauryl amine forms liquid crystalline phases.
Despite having only one polar atom that is able to interact with water – the oxygen atom (the quaternary nitrogen atom is hidden from intermolecular interactions), DDAO is a strongly amphiphilic surfactant: Dimethyl lauryl amine forms normal micelles and normal liquid crystalline phases.
High amphiphilicity of this surfactant can be explained by the fact that Dimethyl lauryl amine forms not only very strong hydrogen bonds with water: the energy of Dimethyl lauryl amine – water hydrogen bond is about 50 kJ/mol, but it also has high experimental partition coefficient in non-polar medium, as characterized by experimental logP 5.284.

Dimethyl lauryl amine is a tertiary amine oxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the amino group of dodecyldimethylamine.
Dimethyl lauryl amine has a role as a plant metabolite and a detergent.
Dimethyl lauryl amine derives from a hydride of a dodecane.
A 30% aqueous solution of Dimethyl lauryl amine which is based on a tertiary amine derived from natural alcohols.
Dimethyl lauryl amine is a strongly hydrophilic surfactant and is a colourless, viscous and foamy water based surfactant with a mild odour.
When mixed with acids, Dimethyl lauryl amine can behave as a cationic surfactant but in neutral or alkaline conditions, Dimethyl lauryl amine acts as a non-ionic surfactant.

When blended with anionic surfactants, Dimethyl lauryl amine is an excellent foam booster.
Dimethyl lauryl amine is commonly used in washing up liquids, shampoos, bubble baths, thickened bleach cleaners, vehicle cleaners and a wide range of other cleaners.
Compatible with bleach and hypochlorite.
Dimethyl lauryl amine is often added to them to produce foaming, allowing hypochlorite solutions to cling to surfaces and increase contact time.
Dimethyl lauryl amine also allows bleach stable fragrances to be added to hypochlorite to help reduce the odours associated with bleach.

Dimethyl lauryl amine appears as a clear yellow liquid with a fishlike odor.
Insoluble in water and less dense than water.
Hence floats on water.
Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
May be toxic by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption.
Used to make other chemicals.
N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide, also known as Dimethyl lauryl amine, is an amine oxide nonionic surfactant with a C12 alkyl chain used widely in cosmetics, washing, cleaning and personal care products.
Dimethyl lauryl amine has antimicrobial properties and is effective against common bacteria such as S. aureus and E. coli.

Dimethyl lauryl amine Chemical Properties
Melting point: 132-133 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 371.32°C (rough estimate)
Density: 0.996 g/mL at 20 °C
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.378
Fp: 113°C (closed cup)(235
Storage temp.: -20°C
Solubility Ethanol:15.0(Max Conc. mg/mL);65.38(Max Conc. mM)
SMF:3.0(Max Conc. mg/mL);1.31(Max Conc. mM)
DMSO:0.1(Max Conc. mg/mL);0.44(Max Conc. mM)
PBS (pH 7.2):0.1(Max Conc. mg/mL);0.44(Max Conc. mM)
Form: A crystalline solid
Pka: 4.79±0.40(Predicted)
Specific Gravity: 0.97
Water Solubility: Insoluble in water.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1769927
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.
LogP: 1.85 at 20℃
EPA Substance Registry System: Dimethyl lauryl amine (1643-20-5)

Dimethyl lauryl amine is a cocoamine oxide surfactant.
This high foaming surfactant can be used in a broad number of industrial applications where coupling, detergency and compatibility are important.
Among amine oxides, Dimethyl lauryl amine produces the most foam.
Dimethyl lauryl amine is the main raw material for the production of cationic quaternary ammonium salt.
Dimethyl lauryl amine can be reacted with benzyl chloride to produce benzyl quaternary ammonium salt 1227, which is widely used in fungicide and textile leveling agent industry.
Dimethyl lauryl amine can react with quaternary ammonium raw materials such as methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate and so on to form cationic quaternary ammonium salt.
Dimethyl lauryl amine can also be reacted with sodium chloroacetate to produce amphoteric surfactant betaine BS-12.
Dimethyl lauryl amine reacts with hydrogen peroxide to produce amine oxide as a foaming agent.

Uses
Dimethyl lauryl amine is a concentrated cocoamine oxide surfactant.
Dimethyl lauryl amine can be used in a broad number of industriual cleaning applications where coupling, high foaming, detergency and compatibility are important.
Dimethyl lauryl amine is suitable to use in crystallization of membrane proteins.
Dimethyl lauryl amine is also suitable to enhance the detection of high molecular weight proteins.
Dimethyl lauryl amine is a concentrated cocoamine oxide surfactant.

Can be used in a broad number of industrial cleaning applications where coupling, high foaming, detergency and compatibility are important.
Dimethyl lauryl amine is majorly used in cosmetics and personal-care product formulation, especially in a hair-care products as foam builders, fragrance ingredient, viscosity enhancers, stabilizers, conditioners, emulsifiers, wetting agents and antistatic agents.

Reactivity Profile
Dimethyl lauryl amine is less basic than the tertiary amine from which LDAO is derived, but still reacts with strong acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
Dimethyl lauryl amine can be used to disrupt phospholipid bilayer of cells.

Production method
Ten diol and dimethylamine in atmospheric pressure, 180-120 ° C Liquid Phase Catalytic Amination, remove a minute of water, that is, the crude tertiary amine, after vacuum distillation to obtain high purity of twelve tertiary amine products.

Synonyms
N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine
112-18-5
N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine
Dodecyldimethylamine
Dimethyl lauramine
Lauryldimethylamine
Antioxidant DDA
N,N-Dimethyl-n-dodecylamine
N,N-Dimethyllaurylamine
DDA (antioxidant)
Barlene 125
N-Lauryldimethylamine
N-Dodecyldimethylamine
1-Dodecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-
Dimethyl-n-dodecylamine
Empigen AB
Monolauryl dimethylamine
DDA (corrosion inhibitor)
Armeen DM-12D
Farmin DM 20
Genamin LA 302D
Dodecylamine, N,N-dimethyl-
Farmin DM 2098
Dimethyldodecylamine
ADMA 2
Lauryl dimethyl amine
Armeen DM 12D
RC 5629
1-(Dimethylamino)dodecane
N,N-DIMETHYL-1-DODECANAMINE
NSC 7332
NSC-7332
Dimethyl laurylamine
Barlene 12S
HSDB 5568
Adma 12
EINECS 203-943-8
UNII-6V2OM30I1Z
AI3-16726
6V2OM30I1Z
CHEMBL109737
DTXSID1026906
EINECS 269-923-6
68391-04-8
SDA 16-040-00
EC 203-943-8
EC 269-923-6
IPL
Dodecyl dimethyl amine
Lauryldimthylamine
dodecildimetilamina
C14H31N
lauril dimetilamina
lauryl dimethylamine
Onamine 12
dimethyldodecyl amine
dodecyl dimethylamine
dodecyldimethyl amine
N-dodecildimetilamina
MFCD00008970
Toyocat D 60
N-lauril dimetilamina
dimetilamina Monolauril
Dodecyl-dimethyl-amine
Kemamine T-6902
(Dimethylamino)dodecane
1-Dimethylaminododecane
(dimetilamino) dodecano
N N-Dimethyllaurylamine
N, N-Dimetillaurilamina
N N-Dimethyldodecylamine
Dodecylamine,N-dimethyl-
N, N-Dimetildodecilamina
N,N-dimethyl-dodecylamine
Nissan Tertiary Amine BB
dimethylmono-n-dodecylamine
N,N-dimethyl-1-dodecamine
1,1-Dimethyl-aminododecane
1-Dodecanamine,N-dimethyl-
N,N-dimetil-1-dodecanamina
N N-Dimethyl-n-dodecylamine
N-Dodecyl-N N-dimethylamine
N-Dodecyl-N,N-dimethylamine
N N-Dimethyl-1-dodecanamine
N, N-dimetil-N-dodecilamina
N-dodecil-N, N-dimetilamina
Dodecilamina, N, N-dimetil-
SCHEMBL107058
1-dodecanamina, N,N-dimetil-
DTXCID806906
IPL 12
N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine, 97%
DIMETHYL LAURAMINE [INCI]
NSC7332
Dodecylamine NN-dimethyl-(6CI8CI)
EINECS 269-915-2
Tox21_303073
BBL011370
BDBM50147570
STL146467
AKOS005720939
WLN: 12N1 & 1
Dodecylamine N N-dimethyl-(6CI 8CI)
DODECAN-1-AMINE, N,N-DIMETHYL-
NCGC00164121-01
NCGC00257196-01
CAS-112-18-5
LS-63562
VS-02931
N,N-DIMETHYL-1-DODECANAMINE [HSDB]
CS-0297531
D0002
FT-0629557
FT-0653316
EC 269-915-2
EN300-248170
W-108655
Q24736495

DIMETHYL PALMITAMINE, N° CAS : 112-69-6, Nom INCI : DIMETHYL PALMITAMINE, Nom chimique : Hexadecyldimethylamine, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-997-2. Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance

cas no 131-11-3 Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester; DMP; 1,2-dimethyl phthalate; Dimethyl 1,2-benzendicarboxylate; Dimethyl 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylate; Dimethyl benzeneorthodicarboxylate; DMP; Phthalic acid dimethyl ester;

CAS Number:
63148-62-9

DEFINITION of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
Dimethyl Silicone Oil Consists of fully methylated linear siloxane polymers containing repeating units of the formula (CH3)2SiO, with trimethylsiloxy end-blocking units of the formula (CH3)3SiOThe article of commerce used as an antifoaming agent can be further specified as to total silicon

Dimethyl Silicone Oil is a clear, colorless and odorless Dimethyl Silicone Oil with a viscosity of 400cSt @ 25°C.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil replaces methyl groups found in conventional PDMS Silicone oils with a high percentage of Diphenyl groups.
In doing so, thermal stability and resistance to oxidation are significantly increased.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil provides long term stability at 250°C (open to air) and 300°C (closed to air). The fluid is further characterized by its high flash point, high dielectric strength, stability at extreme pressures, good heat capacity values, excellent lubricity and inertness to virtually all substrates.
Chemical inertness, non-corrosivity, thermal stability, lubricity and low levels of toxicity make dimethyl silicone fluids the product of choice for many diverse applications.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil are among the most versatile, cost-effective silicones used for release agents, lubricants and polishes.

Dimethyl Silicone Oil is any liquid polymerized siloxane with organic side chains.
The most important member is polydimethylsiloxane.
These polymers are of commercial interest because of their relatively high thermal stability, lubricating, and dielectric properties.

Structure of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
Like all siloxanes (e.g., hexamethyldisiloxane), the polymer backbone consists of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms (...Si−O−Si−O−Si...).
Many groups can be attached to the tetravalent silicon centres, but the dominant substituent is methyl or sometimes phenyl.
Many silicone liquids are linear polymers end-capped with trimethylsilyl groups. Other silicone liquids are cyclosiloxanes.

Applications of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
Dimethyl Silicone Oil are primarily used as lubricants, thermic fluid oils or hydraulic fluids. They are excellent electrical insulators and, unlike their carbon analogues, are non-flammable.
Their temperature stability and good heat-transfer characteristics make them widely used in laboratories for heating baths ("oil baths") placed on top of hotplate stirrers, as well as in freeze-dryers as refrigerants. Silicone oil is also commonly used as the working fluid in dashpots, wet-type transformers, diffusion pumps and in oil-filled heaters.
Aerospace use includes the external coolant loop and radiators of the International Space Station Zvezda module, which rejects heat in the vacuum of space.
The class of silicone oils known as cyclosiloxanes has many of the same properties as other non-cyclic siloxane liquids but also has a relatively high volatility, making it useful in a number of cosmetic products such as antiperspirant.
Some silicone oils, such as simethicone, are potent anti-foaming agents due to their low surface tension.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil are used in industrial applications such as distillation or fermentation, where excessive amounts of foam can be problematic.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil are sometimes added to cooking oils to prevent excessive foaming during deep frying.
Silicone oils used as lubricants can be inadvertent defoamers (contaminants) in processes where foam is desired, such as in the manufacture of polyurethane foam.
Silicone oil is also one of the two main ingredients in Silly Putty, along with boric acid.

Medical uses of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
Consumer products to control flatulence often contain silicone oil.
Silicone oils have been used as a vitreous fluid substitute to treat difficult cases of retinal detachment, such as those complicated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy, large retinal tears, and penetrating ocular trauma.
Additionally, silicone oil is used in general medicine and surgery. Because of silicone oil's water repellent and lubricating properties, it is considered an appropriate material to maintain surgical instruments.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil are also used in digital rectal examinations (DRE).

Automotive use
Dimethyl Silicone Oil has been commonly used as the fluid in the automobile cooling fan clutch assemblies, and is still being used in the newer electronic fan clutches.

Applications of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
RELEASE MATERIAL: Used alone or as part of a compounded formula,
Dimethyl Silicone Oil provides a non-carbonizing mold release for rubber, plastics, and metal die castings.

FOAM PREVENTATIVE: Minimal amounts of fluid effectively control foam in many processing operations, especially in non-aqueous systems.
MECHANICALFLUID: Excellent viscosity-temperature characteristics
SURFACE-ACTIVE MATERIAL: Added to vinyl plastisols, INVELY-201 silicone oil Fluid improves the flow characteristics, de-aerates and lubricates the surface of the completed part.
LUBRICANT: The fluid provides excellent lubrication for most plastic and elastomeric surfaces. Lubricity with metals depends upon the combination involved.
Care should be taken to select suitable metals for pumps and other items with moving parts.
COSMETICS AND SKIN PREPARATIONS: IVNELY-201 silicone oil Fluid is an important ingredient in hand creams, skin protectants, suntan lotions, and hair grooming aids because it forms a non-greasy, protective film that resists water and waterborne irritants, yet allows the skin to breathe. Literature is available that details the use of the fluid in cosmetics.
POLISHES AND CHEMICAL SPECIALITIES: INVELY-201 Fluid is used in most automobile and furniture polishes for its ease of application, high gloss with minimum rubbing, and durable water-repel-lant film. It is also used in other specialty formulations, including aerosol starches and fabric conditioners.
Additional literature is available.
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT: With excellent dielectric properties, Dimethyl Silicone Oil can be used for both insulating and damping applications.

Applications include:
Damping Fluids Aircraft Instruments, Dashpots, Gyros, Meters, Shock Absorbers, Time Delay Relays, Timing Devices, Torsional Vibration Dampers, Diff Oils for motorized cars
Thermal Bath Fluids (open and closed systems) High temperature baths, Low temperature baths, Heaters/Chillers
Power Transmission Controlled Speed Devices, Fluid Clutches, Hydraulic Systems
Heat Transfer CBD Processing, Heating Baths, Heat Exchangers, Low Temperature Baths, Thermostats
Liquid Springs and Shock Absorbers Missile Suspension Systems, Railroad Cars, Trucks
Polishes Boat Polish, Car Polish, Furniture Polish, Metal Cleaners, Vinyl Polish, Window Cleaners
Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals Anti Perspirants, Deodorants, Hand Creams and Lotions, Hair Sprays, Lipstick, Make‐up or Color Cosmetics, Process Aids for Anti- biotic Preparations, Shampoos and Conditioners, Shaving Creams, Sterilization Baths, Treatment of Vials and Syringes
Rust Prevention Decorative Ware, Gun Oils, Metal Cleaners
Calibration Fluids Flow tests, Calibration tests, Process flow modeling
High Shear Applications
Hydraulic Fluids Constant Speed Devices, Engine Controls, High Temperature Plastic Forming, Missile and Space, Vehicles Systems, Naval Hydraulics Systems, Supersonic Aircraft
Dielectric Fluid Capacitors, Klystrons, Magnetrons, Microwave Tubes, Power Rectifiers, Radar Equipment, Transformers (STO‐50)
Release Agents Automobile and Truck Tires, Fan Belts. Molding, Ingot Mold Wash, Plastics, Rubber Mats, Shell Mold and Core Molding, Shoe Heels and Soles, Wire and Cable Slip Agent
Water Repellents Textile, Underarm Dress Shield
Antifoams Aromatic Scrubbing, Asphalt High Detergent Motor Oils, Petroleum Defoamers
Paint and Coating Additives Defoaming Natural Gum and Synthetic Resin, Varnishes, Elimination of Blocking High Gloss Paints, Improved Pigment, Dispersion, Improved Slip or Release Characteristics
Lubricants Base Fluids for Greases, O‐Ring lubricant, Rubber and Plastic Parts, Plastic‐to‐plastic, Plastic‐to‐metal, Plastic‐to‐foam, Lubrication, Gasket lubricant, Valve lubricant
Textile Finishing Thread Lubes, Softeners, Water Repellants
Anti‐blocking Agents Paper Sheet, Plastic Sheet, Rubber, Wax Cartons for Foods
Food Packaging Anti‐blocking, Dry Foods Meats, Paper Plates, Lubricant for foam and saran, Prevents material build‐up
Food Processing Antifoaming, Dry Food Release
Particle Treatments Dyes, Fillers, Fire Extinguisher, Particles, Pigments
Rubber and Plastic Additives Elimination of Blocking, Extrusion Aids, Internal Release Agents, Plasticizers
Gas Chromatography Stationary Phase

General Applications of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
Application in electromechanical industry.
Dimethyl silicone oil is widely used in motors, electrical appliances, and electronic instruments as an insulating medium for temperature resistance, arc corona resistance, corrosion resistance, moisture resistance, and dust resistance. It is also used as an impregnating agent for transformers, capacitors, and scanning transformers for TV sets and etc.
In various precision machinery, instruments and meters, Dimethyl Silicone Oil is used as a liquid shockproof and damping material.
The shock absorption performance of simethicone oil is less affected by temperature, and Dimethyl Silicone Oil is mostly used in the occasions with strong mechanical vibration and large changes in ambient temperature such as instruments used in aircraft and automobiles.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil is used for anti-shock, damping, and stabilizing instrument readings.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil can also be used as a liquid spring.

As a defoamer.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil is because simethicone oil has a small surface tension and is insoluble in water, animal and vegetable oils, and high-boiling mineral oils, it has good chemical stability and is non-toxic.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil has been widely used as a defoamer in petroleum, chemical, and medical industries. In industries such as pharmaceuticals, food processing, textiles, printing and dyeing, and papermaking, as long as 10-100PPM of silicone oil is added, Dimethyl Silicone Oil will have a good defoaming effect.

As a release agent.
As a release agent, due to the non-stickiness between dimethyl silicone oil and silicone rubber, plastic, metal, etc.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil is also used as a release agent for molding and processing of various rubber and plastic products, and for precision casting as well.
Using Dimethyl Silicone Oil as a release agent is not only convenient for demolding, but also makes the surface of the product clean, smooth and clear in texture.

Used as insulation, dustproof and anti-mildew coating.
As an insulating, dustproof and mildew-proof coating, dip-coat a layer of dimethyl silicone oil on the surface of glass and ceramics, and after heat treatment at 250-300 ° C, a layer of semi-permanent waterproof, mildew-proof and insulating properties can be formed film.
Using Dimethyl Silicone Oil to treat insulating devices can improve the insulation performance of the device.
Using Dimethyl Silicone Oil to treat optical instruments can prevent lenses and prisms from becoming moldy; using Dimethyl Silicone Oil to treat medicine bottles can prolong the shelf life of medicines and prevent the loss of preparations due to sticking to the wall; The treatment of the surface of the movie film can lubricate, reduce friction and prolong the life of the film.

As a lubricant Oil.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil is suitable as a lubricant oil for rubber, plastic bearings and gears. It can also be used as a lubricant oil for the rolling friction of steel against steel at high temperature, or the friction between steel and other metals.
However, Dimethyl Silicone Oil is since the lubricating performance of methyl silicone oil is not particularly good at room temperature, Dimethyl Silicone Oil is not recommended as a normal temperature lubricant under normal circumstances.

As an additive.
Dimethyl silicone oil can be used as an additive for many materials, such as a brightening agent for paints.
Adding a small amount of silicone oil to the paint can prevent the paint from floating or wrinkling and improve the brightness of the paint film.
Adding a small amount of silicone oil to the ink will Dimethyl Silicone Oil can improve the printing quality, adding a small amount of silicone oil to the polishing oil (such as car varnish), can increase the brightness, protect the paint film, and have excellent waterproof effect.

Application in medical and health.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil is non-toxic to the human body and is not decomposed by body fluids, so Dimethyl Silicone Oil is also widely used in medical and health services.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil is taking advantage of its defoaming effect, Dimethyl Silicone Oil has been made into oral gastrointestinal anti-bloating tablets, pulmonary edema defoaming aerosol and other medicinal products.
Adding silicone oil to the ointment can improve the penetration ability of the drug to the skin and improve the efficiency of the drug.
Some ointments based on silicone oil have good curative effects on burns, dermatitis, bedsores, etc. Using the anticoagulant effect of silicone oil, it can be used to treat the surface of blood storage containers and prolong the storage time of blood samples.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil can also be used as a wet lubricant for condoms, and Dimethyl Silicone Oil does not kill sperm.

Other aspects.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil has many uses in other ways.
For example: by making full use of its high flash point, odorless, colorless, transparent and non-toxic to the human body, Dimethyl Silicone Oil can be used as a heat carrier in oil baths or thermostats in steel, glass, ceramics and other industries and scientific research.
Utilizing its good shear resistance performance, Dimethyl Silicone Oil can be used as hydraulic oil, especially aviation hydraulic oil.
Using it to treat rayon spinning head can eliminate static electricity and improve spinning quality.
Adding silicone oil to cosmetics can improve the moisturizing and protective effects on the skin and so on.

Description of Dimethyl Silicone Oil:
Dimethyl silicone oil is a non-polar liquid and immiscible with polar solvents such as water or shortchain alcohols in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons,chlorohydrocarbons,ethers,esters,ketones and higher alcohols.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil can be soluble in any proportion.

Typical physical properties of Dimethyl Silicone Oil:
Appearance: Colorless,limpid liquid
Viscosity at 25℃,mm2/s,approx: 50
Specific gravity at 25℃,approx: 0.959
Flass point (Open cup),℃,approx: 280
Freezing point,℃,approx: -55
Refractive index at 25℃,approx: 1.402
Surface tension at 25℃,mN/m,approx: 20.7
Vapor pressure at 200℃,Pa,approx: 1.33
Specific heat capacity between 40℃ and 200℃，J/(g.K): 1.46
Thermal conductivity,W/(m.K),approx: 0.16
Viscosity/temperature coeff,approx: 0.59
Viscosity/temperature coefficient = 1-(viscosity at 99℃/Viscosity at 38℃)

Potential Applications of Dimethyl Silicone Oil:
Dimethyl silicone oil are used as:
Thermostatic fluids (-50℃ to +200℃)
Anti-blotting products for photocopying machines
Thinning and plastifying agents for RTV’s and silicone sealants
Raw material for Antifoam
Lubricating in maintenance products (polishes,wax polishes,floor and furniture polishes,etc.)
Paint additives (anti-cratering,anti-floating/flooding and anti-scratching effects,etc.)
Water repellent trestment: of powders (for paints and plastics) / of fibres: glass fibres
Release agents (mould release of plastics and metal castings)
Lubricants (lubrication of elastomers or plastics on metal)
Surfactants for styrene-butadiene foam
HCR application to reduce hardness

Packing & storage of Dimethyl Silicone Oil:
pack as 25kgs and 200kgs drums,in 1000kgs containers or in 20 tonnes tank
When stored in Dimethyl Silicone Oil's orginal unopened packaging at a temperature or between -20 and +50℃,Dimethyl Silicone Oil may be stored for up to 36month from its date of manufacture (expiry date).
Past this date,silicones no longer guarantees that the product meets the sales specifications.

Physico-chemical Properties of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
Molecular Formula: (C2H6OSi)n
Molar Mass: 236.534
Density: 0.971
Melting Point: -35°C
Boling Point: 155-220°C
Water Solubility: INSOLUBLE
Storage Condition: Room Temprature
MDL: MFCD00148360
Physical and Chemical Properties
Appearance: colorless transparent liquid
The main characteristics of dimethyl silicone oil is non-toxic and tasteless, with physiological inertia, good chemical stability, electrical insulation and weather resistance, good hydrophobicity, and has high shear resistance, Dimethyl Silicone Oil can be used at -50 °c to 200 °c for a long time.

Uses of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
Industrial sector used as lubricating oil, anti-vibration oil, insulating oil, defoaming agent, mold release agent, etc.;
And uses; Widely used as insulation, lubrication, anti-vibration, anti-dust oil, dielectric fluid and heat carrier, and used as defoaming, additives for film stripping, paint and cosmetics for daily use, etc.

Risk Codes: 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Safety Description: S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

Features of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
Heat resistance
Silicone fluids have outstanding stability against thermal oxidation.

Cold resistance
Silicone fluids withstand low temperatures well. Methylphenyl silicone fluid, formulated for low temperature applications, maintains flowability even at -65°C.

Viscosity stability
There is little change in viscosity over a wide temperature range.

Chemical stability
Silicone fluids are almost totally chemically inactive. At room temperature, they show almost no effects from alkali solutions (up to 10%) or acidic solutions (up to 30%).

Non-corrosive and little effect on other materials
Silicone fluids have almost no adverse effects on metals and many other materials.

Low surface tension
Silicone fluids have much lower surface tension than water and other common synthetic oils.

Product Details of Dimethyl Silicone Oil:
Form: Liquid
Packing Type: HDPE Drum
Purity: 99 %
Active emulsions: 35%

Computed Properties of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
Molecular Weight: 74.15
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 74.018791345
Monoisotopic Mass: 74.018791345
Topological Polar Surface Area: 17.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 29
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Typical Properties OF Dimethyl Silicone Oil
Dimethyl Silicone Fluids
Visco(cs): 100
p_point: -50 max.
Specific Gravity @ 25°C: 0.965
RI: 1.403
Surface Tension 25°C (mN/m): 20.9
Volume Resistivity (TΩ·m): 1 min.

Usage of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
Dimethyl Silicone Oil can be used alone and has good solubility in anhydrous alcohol and most solvents.
Safety & Storage
Be careful when handling volatile silicone oil at the flash point temperature.
Keep away from fire and direct sunlight. Keep in dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in a clean, airtight plastic or coated iron drum with a shelf life of 36 months.
At higher temperatures, organosilicon oil is sensitive to contamination by strong acids, strongbases, and some metal compounds and oxidants.
The oxidizer may also increase the viscosity of the silicone oil. It is recommended to check theflash point of the silicone oil regularly to monitor the safety of operation.
Flammability conditions may exist if silicone oil smokes.
This product is not expressly stated to be applicable to medical or pharmaceutical applications.Do not use for human injection.

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS
SWALLOWED
Although ingestion is not thought to produce harmful effects, the material may still be damaging to the health of the individual following ingestion, especially where pre-existing organ (e.g. liver, kidney) damage is evident.
Present definitions of harmful or toxic substances are generally based on doses producing mortality (death) rather than those producing morbidity (disease, ill-health).
Gastrointestinal tract discomfort may produce nausea and vomiting. In an occupational setting however, ingestion of insignificant quantities is not thought to be cause for concern.
Silicone fluids do not have a high acute toxicity. They may have a laxative effect and produce central nervous system depression.
They have been known to reduce bloating and gas. Aspiration of silicone fluids can produce inflammation of the lungs.
High molecular weight material; on single acute exposure would be expected to pass through gastrointestinal tract with little change / absorption.
Occasionally accumulation of the solid material within the alimentary tract may result in formation of a bezoar (concretion), producing discomfort.

EYE
Limited evidence or practical experience suggests, that the material may cause eye irritation in a substantial number of individuals.
Prolonged eye contact may cause inflammation characterized by a temporary redness of the conjunctiva (similar to windburn).
Eye exposure to silicone fluids causes temporary irritation of the conjunctiva. Injection into the specific structures of the eye, however,
causes corneal scarring, permanent eye damage, allergic reactions and cataract, and may lead to blindness.
SKIN
The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects or skin irritation following contact (as classified using animal models).
Nevertheless, good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an occupational
setting.
Skin contact is not thought to have harmful health effects, however the material may still produce health damage following entry through
wounds, lesions or abrasions.
There is some evidence to suggest that this material can cause inflammation of the skin on contact in some persons.
Low molecular weight silicone fluids may exhibit solvent action andmay produce skin irritation.
Excessive use or prolonged contact may lead to defatting, dryingand irritation of sensitive skin.
INHALED
The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects or irritation of the respiratory tract (as classified using animal models).
Nevertheless, good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable control measures be used in an
occupational setting.
Vapors of silicones are generally fairly well tolerated, however very high concentrations can cause death within minutes due to respiratory
failure. At high temperatures, the fumes and oxidation products can be irritating and toxic and can cause depression leading to death in very
high doses.
Not normally a hazard due to non-volatile nature of product.

FIRST AID MEASURES
SWALLOWED
Immediately give a glass of water.
First aid is not generally required. If in doubt, contact a Poisons Information Center or a doctor.
EYE
If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
Wash out immediately with fresh running water.
Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the
upper and lower lids.
If pain persists or recurs seek medical attention.
Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.
SKIN
If skin contact occurs:
Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear
Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).
Seek medical attention in event of irritation.
INHALED
If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.
Other measures are usually unnecessary.
NOTES TO PHYSICIAN
Treat symptomatically.

Advantages of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
Excellent lubricating property, soft property, levelling property, gloss property. It has good waterproof effect.
Dry and no oily feel.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil is good skin-protect agent.
Emulsified into steady and transparent latex by high speed stirrer or homogenizer.

Silicone fluids / Dimethicones are a series of silicone fluids with various viscosities and of excellent purity.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil are chemically known as dimethyl polysiloxane and useful due to their many benefits:
Thermal stability
Resistance to change with changes in temperature
Completely soluble in all viscosities of dimethyl polysiloxane fluids
Heat stable
Resistant to oxidation
Inert, non-corrosive, nontoxic
Clear and colorless
Excellent water repellency
Good dielectric properties
Low surface tension
Very low vapor pressure
High flash point

Description of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
Chemical name : Dimethy Silicone Oil
Other names ：PDMS, Polydimethylsiloxane, Simethicone, Silicone Fluid
Dimethyl Silicone Oil is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-sticky, non-toxic, non-irritating and transparent liquids.

Applications of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
release agent
lubricant
antifoam agent
liquid dielectric for electrical and electronic equipment
polish additive
additive for textile and fiber auxiliaries
chemical auxiliary material
glass vial and lens coating
surface active agent

Storage
Store in a dry and cool place.
Maximum temperature allowed during storage and transportation at 50 °C.

Synonyms of Dimethyl Silicone Oil
dimethylsilanone
Dimethyloxosilane
47956-45-6
dimethyl(oxo)silane
Silane, dimethyloxo-
9016-00-6
Akvastop
Aeropax
Silane,dimethyloxo- (9CI)
EINECS 256-344-9
Silyloxy, dimethyl-
Silane,dimethyloxo-(9ci)
DSSTox_CID_3833
DSSTox_RID_77201
KQ8X4B6MN9
DSSTox_GSID_23833
CHEMBL3182512
DTXSID40274001
DTXSID001349043
Tox21_302437
ZINC169746144
NCGC00255308-01
CAS-9016-00-6
FT-0696318
EN300-1688905
113540-54-8

Dimethyl silicone oil, also known as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is a silicone-based polymer composed of repeating units of dimethylsiloxane monomers.
Dimethyl silicone oil is a transparent, odorless, and inert liquid with a wide range of applications due to its unique combination of physical and chemical properties.
Dimethyl silicone oil is highly stable, non-reactive, and resistant to moisture, heat, and chemicals, making it useful in a variety of industrial, medical, and cosmetic applications.

CAS Number: 63148-62-9
EC Number: 276-317-1



APPLICATIONS


Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a lubricant in various mechanical systems due to its excellent lubricating properties and low viscosity.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a heat transfer fluid in high-temperature applications due to its high thermal stability and low volatility.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a damping fluid in shock absorbers to reduce vibrations and noise.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a release agent in molding processes to prevent sticking of the mold and the molded product.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a defoaming agent in various industrial processes, such as paper production, chemical manufacturing, and food processing.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a dielectric fluid in high-voltage transformers, capacitors, and other electrical equipment due to its high dielectric strength and low electrical conductivity.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as an additive in personal care and cosmetic products, such as shampoos, conditioners, and skin creams, to improve their spreadability and smoothness.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a coating for electronic components to protect them from moisture and contaminants.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a surfactant in textile production to improve dyeing and finishing processes.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as an additive in paints, coatings, and sealants to improve their water resistance and durability.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a water-repellent agent in outdoor gear and fabrics, such as tents, backpacks, and raincoats.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a stabilizer in rubber and plastic production to improve their thermal stability and durability.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a polishing agent in the production of optical lenses and other precision components.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a viscosity modifier in motor oils and other lubricants to improve their performance under extreme conditions.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a fluid in hydraulic systems and other high-pressure applications due to its excellent lubrication and stability properties.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a carrier oil in the production of fragrances and essential oils.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a coolant in various industrial processes, such as metalworking and machining.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a solvent in the production of specialty chemicals, such as silicones and silanes.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a lubricant in the production of metal powders and other powdered materials.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a mold release agent in the production of molded rubber products.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a lubricant in the food processing industry, particularly in the production of bakery goods and confectionery products.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as an anti-foaming agent in the production of beer and other carbonated beverages.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a carrier fluid in inkjet printing and other printing processes.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a lubricant in the production of pharmaceuticals and medical devices.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a flame retardant in various applications, such as plastics, textiles, and construction materials.


Dimethyl silicone oil has a wide range of applications due to its excellent properties such as thermal stability, high compressibility, low surface tension, and chemical inertness.
Some of its applications include:

Lubricant for machinery and equipment.
Release agent for plastic and rubber molding.
Defoaming agent in various industries.
Insulating fluid in electrical equipment.
Heat transfer fluid in heating and cooling systems.
Anti-foaming agent in the food and beverage industry.
Additive in personal care products such as shampoos and lotions.
Textile softener and water repellent.
Printing ink additive.
Coating material for electronic components.
Hydraulic fluid in aircraft and automotive industries.
Damping fluid for shock absorbers and dampers.
Fuel additive to improve combustion efficiency.
Adhesive and sealant component.
Mold release agent for fiberglass and composites.
Hydrophobic agent for porous materials.
Emulsifying agent for cosmetic products.
Carrier fluid for pesticide formulations.
Protective coating for metal surfaces.
Corrosion inhibitor.
Additive for specialty chemicals and coatings.
Gloss and surface enhancer for paints and coatings.
Component in cleaning agents for electronic equipment.
Ingredient in rubber and plastic manufacturing.
Component in inkjet printer inks.
Release agent for mold making and casting
Lubricant for various industrial machinery
Water-repellent coating for fabrics, paper, and other materials
Anti-foaming agent for industrial processes
Ingredient in personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and skin creams
Damping fluid in vibration control systems
Additive in coatings to improve scratch resistance and surface hardness
Heat transfer fluid in high-temperature applications
Insulator in electrical and electronic equipment
Processing aid in plastics manufacturing
Hydraulic fluid in aerospace and aviation applications
Coating for automotive components to protect against corrosion and wear
Ingredient in food processing and packaging as a release agent and anti-foaming agent
Additive in paints and coatings to improve flow and leveling properties
Sealant and adhesive in construction and building applications
Anti-blocking agent in plastic film manufacturing
Ingredient in ink and toner formulations for improved print quality and performance
Carrier fluid in laboratory and analytical equipment
Additive in metalworking fluids to improve lubricity and corrosion resistance
Foam control agent in the production of synthetic rubber and latex products
Humectant in agricultural products to prevent dehydration
Component in specialty chemical synthesis reactions
Additive in drilling fluids for improved lubrication and viscosity control
Dye and pigment dispersant in the printing industry
Ingredient in adjuvants and surfactants for agrochemical formulations.


Dimethyl silicone oil is used in the manufacture of silicone rubber products.
Dimethyl silicone oil is commonly used as a release agent for plastics and elastomers.

Dimethyl silicone oil is also used as a lubricant for metal surfaces.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a coolant in electronics and other high-temperature applications.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a defoamer in the production of paints, coatings, and adhesives.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a damping fluid in shock absorbers and vibration dampers.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a hydraulic fluid in some applications.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a base fluid in some personal care and cosmetic products.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a surfactant in some cleaning products.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a conditioning agent in some hair care products.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used in some industrial applications as a heat transfer fluid.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a coating agent for optical fibers.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used in the production of silicone emulsions and other silicone-based products.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a foam stabilizer in some food and beverage applications.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used in the production of silicone grease and other lubricants.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a carrier fluid for some pharmaceutical and biotech applications.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a mold release agent in the production of rubber and plastic products.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a dielectric fluid in some electrical equipment.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used in the production of silicone resins and other silicone-based materials.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a sealant in some industrial applications.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a solvent in some chemical reactions.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a processing aid in the production of some food and beverage products.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a defrosting agent in some refrigeration systems.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a damping fluid in some automotive suspension systems.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a lubricant and protectant for some firearms and other weapons.



DESCRIPTION


Dimethyl silicone oil, also known as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is a silicone-based polymer composed of repeating units of dimethylsiloxane monomers.
Dimethyl silicone oil is a transparent, odorless, and inert liquid with a wide range of applications due to its unique combination of physical and chemical properties.

Dimethyl silicone oil is highly stable, non-reactive, and resistant to moisture, heat, and chemicals, making it useful in a variety of industrial, medical, and cosmetic applications.
Dimethyl silicone oil is a commonly used lubricant and release agent due to its low surface tension, high spreading coefficient, and low viscosity.

Dimethyl silicone oil is also used as a surfactant, antifoaming agent, and defoamer due to its ability to reduce surface tension.
Dimethyl silicone oil is often used in the production of plastics, rubbers, and other materials as an additive to improve processing and performance.

In the medical field, Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a coating for medical devices, such as catheters and implants, due to its biocompatibility and ability to reduce friction.
Dimethyl silicone oil is also used in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering applications.

Dimethyl silicone oil is commonly used in the cosmetics industry as a hair and skin conditioning agent due to its ability to form a protective film on the surface of the hair or skin.
Dimethyl silicone oil is also used in the production of personal care products, such as shampoos, lotions, and sunscreens.

Dimethyl silicone oil is also used in the electronics industry as a dielectric fluid, insulating material, and mold release agent. It is used in the production of electronic components, such as semiconductors, LCD displays, and optical fibers.

Dimethyl silicone oil is often used as a research tool in the fields of microfluidics and soft matter physics due to its unique rheological and surface properties.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used in the production of microfluidic devices, such as lab-on-a-chip systems, and as a model system for studying the behavior of soft materials.

In summary, Dimethyl silicone oil is a versatile and widely used polymer with applications ranging from industrial lubricants and release agents to medical coatings and cosmetic ingredients.

Dimethyl Silicone Oil is a colorless and odorless liquid that is composed of a mixture of linear and cyclic siloxanes.
Dimethyl silicone oil is a non-reactive fluid with excellent thermal stability and a high flash point.

Dimethyl silicone oil is a type of silicone oil that has been widely used in various industrial applications.
Dimethyl silicone oil has a low surface tension and can be easily spread across surfaces to provide lubrication.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil is compatible with a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, and elastomers.

Dimethyl silicone oil exhibits high shear stability, which makes it ideal for use in high-stress applications.
Dimethyl silicone oil has a low viscosity and can easily flow through small gaps and channels, making it useful as a lubricant in precision mechanisms.

Dimethyl silicone oil is resistant to oxidation, moisture, and most chemicals, which makes it ideal for use in harsh environments.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil has a wide temperature range and can be used in both high and low-temperature applications.
Dimethyl silicone oil is often used as a heat transfer fluid due to its excellent thermal conductivity and stability.

Dimethyl silicone oil is often used as a mold release agent due to its non-stick properties.
Dimethyl silicone oil can be used as a defoaming agent due to its ability to break down and prevent the formation of foam.

Dimethyl Silicone Oil is commonly used as a hydraulic fluid due to its excellent lubricating properties.
Dimethyl silicone oil is often used as a base fluid for silicone greases and pastes.

Dimethyl silicone oil has excellent dielectric properties, which make it useful in the electronics industry.
Dimethyl silicone oil is often used as a damping fluid to reduce vibrations and noise in mechanical systems.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil is commonly used as a component in personal care products, such as skin creams and hair conditioners.

Dimethyl silicone oil is also used as an ingredient in food-grade lubricants and release agents.
Dimethyl silicone oil is used as an ingredient in paints and coatings to improve their durability and water repellency.

Dimethyl silicone oil is often used in the textile industry as a softener and waterproofing agent.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil is commonly used as a component in adhesives and sealants.
Dimethyl silicone oil is often used as a lubricant in the manufacturing of plastics and rubber products.

Dimethyl silicone oil is used as a component in automotive fluids, such as brake fluids and power steering fluids.
Dimethyl silicone oil can be used as a coolant in electrical transformers and other high-voltage equipment.
Dimethyl Silicone Oil is often used in the production of medical devices and pharmaceuticals due to its inert and biocompatible nature.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: (CH3)3SiO[(CH3)2SiO]nSi(CH3)3
Molecular weight: varies depending on the degree of polymerization (usually between 500 and 50,000 g/mol)
Appearance: clear, colorless liquid
Odor: odorless or slightly musty
Density: 0.96 - 0.98 g/cm3 at 20°C
Melting point: -50 to -60°C
Boiling point: 150 - 220°C (depending on molecular weight)
Flash point: >200°C (closed cup)
Viscosity: varies depending on the degree of polymerization (usually between 5 and 10,000 cSt at 25°C)
Solubility: insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as hexane, heptane, toluene, and benzene
Surface tension: 21.2 - 21.8 mN/m at 25°C
Dielectric constant: 2.4 - 2.6 at 25°C
Refractive index: 1.395 - 1.410 at 25°C
Thermal stability: stable at high temperatures (up to 300°C) in air or inert atmosphere
Chemical stability: chemically stable under normal conditions, resistant to acids, bases, and oxidizing agents
Flammability: non-flammable
Toxicity: low toxicity, no harmful effects reported in humans at typical exposure levels
Biodegradability: not readily biodegradable, persistent in the environment
pH: neutral
Oxidation stability: good, resistant to oxidative degradation
Lubricity: excellent lubricating properties, reduces friction and wear in mechanical systems
Hydrophobicity: highly hydrophobic, repels water and other polar liquids
Emulsifying properties: can be used to stabilize emulsions of oil and water
Foaming properties: can be used as a foam suppressant in various applications
Rheological properties: can be used to control the flow behavior of various materials, such as paints and coatings.



FIRST AID


In case of inhalation:

Move the person to a well-ventilated area and provide fresh air.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen or seek medical attention immediately.
In case of unconsciousness, place the person in a recovery position and seek medical attention immediately.
If breathing has stopped, provide artificial respiration or seek medical attention immediately.


In case of skin contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected skin area with plenty of water.
If skin irritation occurs, seek medical attention.
Do not attempt to remove the substance from the skin with solvents or thinners.


In case of eye contact:

Rinse eyes thoroughly with water, holding the eyelids apart, for at least 15 minutes.
Seek immediate medical attention.


In case of ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.


Other first aid measures:

Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Seek medical attention immediately if any unusual symptoms occur.
Always bring the container or label with you when seeking medical attention.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Avoid skin and eye contact.
Use only in well-ventilated areas.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety goggles, and a respirator if needed.
Keep away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames.

Do not smoke or eat while handling the product.
Do not breathe vapors or mists.
Avoid releasing the product into the environment.


Storage:

Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep the container tightly closed when not in use.

Do not store with oxidizing agents or materials that may cause a chemical reaction.
Keep away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames.
Store away from incompatible materials such as strong acids or bases.

Do not store with food, beverages, or feed.
Store in a secure area away from children, animals, and unauthorized personnel.
Follow all local and national regulations for storage and transportation of the product.



SYNONYMS


Polydimethylsiloxane
PDMS
Silicone Fluid
Dimethylpolysiloxane
Silicone Oil
Dimethicone
Methyl Silicone Oil
Siloxane
Simethicone
Methicone
Cyclomethicone
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
D4
D5
D6
Trimethylsilyl End-Capped PDMS
Methylhydrogenpolysiloxane
Silicone Rubber
Vinylmethylpolysiloxane
Dimethylsilyl End-Capped PDMS
Polymeric Silicone
Organopolysiloxane
Methylphenylpolysiloxane
Fluorosilicone Oil
Polydimethylsiloxane
PDMS
Dimethylpolysiloxane
Siloxane fluid
Silicone fluid
Silicone oil
Dimethicone
Methyl polysiloxane
Methyl silicone oil
Siloxane
Dimethylsilicone fluid
Silicone elastomer
Silicone rubber
Liquid silicone rubber
Dimethylsiloxane
Organosilicon
Alkyl siloxane
Phenylmethylsiloxane
Fluorosilicone
Vinylmethylsiloxane
Methylphenylsiloxane
Alkylphenylsiloxane
Hydrogenated silicone oil
High-viscosity silicone oil
Low-viscosity silicone oil

Methyl Sulfate; Sulfuric acid dimethyl ester; Dimethyl Sulphate; Dimethylsulfaat; Dimetilsolfato; Dms; Dwumetylowy Siarczan; Methyle (Sulfate De); Sulfate De Dimethyle; Sulfate De Methyle; Sulfate Dimethylique; Sulfato De Dimetilo; Dimethylester Kyseliny Sirove; Dimethylsulfat CAS NO:77-78-1

Dimethyl Sulfate Dimethyl sulfate is a chemical compound with formula (CH3O)2SO2. As the diester of methanol and sulfuric acid, its formula is often written as (CH3)2SO4 or Me2SO4, where CH3 or Me is methyl. Me2SO4 is mainly used as a methylating agent in organic synthesis. Me2SO4 is a colourless oily liquid with a slight onion-like odour (although smelling it would represent significant exposure). Like all strong alkylating agents, Me2SO4 is extremely toxic. Its use as a laboratory reagent has been superseded to some extent by methyl triflate, CF3SO3CH3, the methyl ester of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. History of Dimethyl sulfate Dimethyl sulfate was discovered in the early 19th century in an impure form. P. Claesson later extensively studied its preparation. It was used in chemical warfare in WWI. Production of Dimethyl sulfate Dimethyl sulfate can be synthesized in the laboratory by many different methods, the simplest being the esterification of sulfuric acid with methanol 2 CH3OH + H2SO4 → (CH3)2SO4 + 2 H2O Another possible synthesis involves distillation of methyl hydrogen sulfate: 2 CH3HSO4 → H2SO4 + (CH3)2SO4 Methyl nitrite and methyl chlorosulfonate also result in dimethyl sulfate: CH3ONO + (CH3)OSO2Cl → (CH3)2SO4 + NOCl Dimethyl sulfate has been produced commercially since the 1920s. A common process is the continuous reaction of dimethyl ether with sulfur trioxide. (CH3)2O + SO3 → (CH3)2SO4 Uses of Dimethyl sulfate Dimethyl sulfate is best known as a reagent for the methylation of phenols, amines, and thiols. One methyl group is transferred more quickly than the second. Methyl transfer is assumed to occur via an SN2 reaction. Compared to other methylating agents, dimethyl sulfate is preferred by the industry because of its low cost and high reactivity. Methylation at oxygen Most commonly Dimethyl sulfate is employed to methylate phenols. Some simple alcohols are also suitably methylated, as illustrated by the conversion of tert-butanol to t-butyl methyl ether: 2 (CH3)3COH + (CH3O)2SO2 → 2 (CH3)3COCH3 + H2SO4 Alkoxide salts are rapidly methylated: RO− Na+ + (CH3O)2SO2 → ROCH3 + Na(CH3)SO4 The methylation of sugars is called Haworth methylation. Methylation at amine nitrogen Dimethyl sulfate is used to prepare both quaternary ammonium salts or tertiary amines: C6H5CH=NC4H9 + (CH3O)2SO2 → C6H5CH=N+(CH3)C4H9 + CH3OSO3− Quaternized fatty ammonium compounds are used as a surfactant or fabric softeners. Methylation to create a tertiary amine is illustrated as: CH3(C6H4)NH2 + (CH3O)2SO2 (in NaHCO3 aq.) → CH3(C6H4)N(CH3)2 + Na(CH3)SO4 Methylation at sulfur Similar to the methylation of alcohols, mercaptide salts are easily methylated by Dimethyl sulfate: RS−Na+ + (CH3O)2SO2 → RSCH3 + Na(CH3)SO4 An example is: p-CH3C6H4SO2Na + (CH3O)2SO2 → p-CH3C6H4SO2CH3 + Na(CH3)SO4 This method has been used to prepare thioesters: RC(O)SH + (CH3O)2SO2 → RC(O)S(CH3) + HOSO3CH3 Properties of Dimethyl sulfate Chemical formula C2H6O4S Molar mass 126.13 g/mol Appearance Colorless, oily liquid Odor faint, onion-like Density 1.33 g/ml, liquid Melting point −32 °C (−26 °F; 241 K) Boiling point 188 °C (370 °F; 461 K) (decomposes) Solubility in water Reacts Solubility Methanol, dichloromethane, acetone Vapor pressure 0.1 mmHg (20°C) Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -62.2·10−6 cm3/mol Reactions with nucleic acids Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used to determine the secondary structure of RNA. At neutral pH, DMS methylates unpaired adenine and cytosine residues at their canonical Watson-Crick faces, but it cannot methylate base-paired nucleotides. Using the method known as DMS-MaPseq, RNA is incubated with DMS to methylate unpaired bases. Then the RNA is reverse-transcribed; the reverse transcriptase frequently adds an incorrect DNA base when it encounters a methylated RNA base. These mutations can be detected via sequencing, and the RNA is inferred to be single-stranded at bases with above-background mutation rates. Dimethyl sulfate can effect the base-specific cleavage of DNA by attacking the imidazole rings present in guanine. Dimethyl sulfate also methylates adenine in single-stranded portions of DNA (e.g., those with proteins like RNA polymerase progressively melting and re-annealing the DNA). Upon re-annealing, these methyl groups interfere with adenine-guanine base-pairing. Nuclease S1 can then be used to cut the DNA in single-stranded regions (anywhere with a methylated adenine). This is an important technique for analyzing protein-DNA interactions. Alternatives of Dimethyl sulfate Although dimethyl sulfate is highly effective and affordable, its toxicity has encouraged the use of other methylating reagents. Methyl iodide is a reagent used for O-methylation, like dimethyl sulfate, but is less hazardous and more expensive. Dimethyl carbonate, which is less reactive, has far lower toxicity compared to both dimethyl sulfate and methyl iodide. High pressure can be used to accelerate methylation by dimethyl carbonate. In general, the toxicity of methylating agents is correlated with their efficiency as methyl transfer reagents. Safety of Dimethyl sulfate Dimethyl sulfate is carcinogenic and mutagenic, highly poisonous, corrosive, and environmentally hazardous. Dimethyl sulfate is absorbed through the skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract, and can cause a fatal delayed respiratory tract reaction. An ocular reaction is also common. There is no strong odor or immediate irritation to warn of lethal concentration in the air. The LD50 (acute, oral) is 205 mg/kg (rat) and 140 mg/kg (mouse), and LC50 (acute) is 45 ppm / 4 hours (rat). The vapor pressure of 65 Pa is sufficiently large to produce a lethal concentration in air by evaporation at 20 °C. Delayed toxicity allows potentially fatal exposures to occur prior to development of any warning symptoms. Symptoms may be delayed 6–24 hours. Concentrated solutions of bases (ammonia, alkalis) can be used to hydrolyze minor spills and residues on contaminated equipment, but the reaction may become violent with larger amounts of dimethyl sulfate (see ICSC). Although the compound hydrolyses, treatment with water cannot be assumed to decontaminate dimethyl sulfate. Dimethyl sulfate is a colorless oily liquid, odorless to a faint onion-like odor. Dimethyl sulfate is very toxic by inhalation. It is a combustible liquid and has a flash point of 182°F. It is slightly soluble in water and decomposed by water to give sulfuric acid with evolution of heat. It is corrosive to metals and tissue. It is a potent methylating agent. Dimethyl Sulfate is an odorless, corrosive, oily liquid with an onion-like odor that emits toxic fumes upon heating. Dimethyl sulfate is used in industry as a methylating agent in the manufacture of many organic chemicals. Inhalation exposure to its vapors is highly irritating to the eyes and lungs and may cause damage to the liver, kidney, heart and central nervous system, while dermal contact causes severe blistering. It is a possible mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. Following a single iv injection of 75 mg/kg body weight in 0.5 ml of 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer (pH 7.4), there was a rapid fall in the concentration of dimethyl sulfate in the blood of the rat to 1/6 of the amount that would be expected if the compound had been evenly distributed ... No detectable dimethyl sulfate was found, 5 min after the injection. Dimethyl sulfate is absorbed readily through mucous membranes, the intestinal tract, and the skin. It is rapidly metabolized in mammalian tissues and when injected intravenously into rats is undetectable in the plasma after 3 minutes. It is possible that the hydrolysis of dimethyl sulfate and the subsequent methylation of component molecules of the cells and tissues, including DNA, are responsible for its local effects, systemic toxic effects, and possible carcinogenicity. On the eye, dimethyl sulfate produces toxic effects similar to those of methanol and it is probable that its toxicity is in part a direct result of the dissolved methanol moiety of the molecule as well as being a result of alkylation reactions. The ultimate metabolites in the human body are sulfate and carbon dioxide, and these are excreted by the kidneys and released by the lungs, respectively. Investigators found a maximum level of methanol of 18.7 mg/L in blood samples taken from 5 guinea pigs, at intervals, following an 18 min inhalation exposure to air containing dimethyl sulfate at a concentration of 393 mg/cu m (75 ppm). During the first 2 days following exposure, 0.064 to 0.156 mg methanol per day was excreted in the urine; if all the dimethyl sulfate inhaled had been absorbed and hydrolyzed, a maximum of 0.9 mg methanol would have been found. Maximum concentration /of methanol/ found was 1.87 mg % in Guinea pig urine 18 min after inhalation of air containing 76 ppm of dimethyl sulfate. 7-Methylguanine and small quantities of 1-methyladenine and 3-methyladenine could be detected in the urine of mice exposed to dimethyl sulfate via inhalation. In two separate studies, 4 male NMRI mice were exposed to average H-dimethyl sulfate concentrations of 16.3 mg/cu m or 0.32 mg/cu m for 135 min and 60 min, respectively (maximum concentration approximately 4 times higher). The total amount of methyl purines found in the urine in 2 consecutive 24 hr periods was about 0.15-0.3% of the total dose, and, in each case, the major product isolated was 7-methylguanine. Uses of Dimethyl sulfate Dimethyl sulfate is used as a methylating agent in the manufacture of many organic chemicals. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes and perfumes, for the separation of mineral oils, and for the analysis of auto fluids. Formerly, dimethyl sulfate was used as a war gas. Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used both as a methylating agent in industrial chemical synthesis and in medical laboratories for chemical cleavage of DNA. The addition of sulfur trioxide to dimethyl ether is used industrially for the production of dimethyl sulfate. Technical grade dimethyl sulfate contains small amounts of dimethyl ether. Analytical techniques have been developed for the collection and determination of gas phase dimethyl sulfate and monomethyl sulfuric acid based on collection of the alkyl sulfate compounds with both denuder tubes and resin sorption beds and analysis of the collected material by ion chromatography. Analyte: Dimethyl sulfate; Matrix: air; Procedure: Gas chromatography, electron capture detector; Desorption: 1 ml diethyl ether, 30 min; Range: 1 to 120 ug per sample; Est limit of detection: 0.25 ug/sample; Precision: 0.06 at 1.1 to 39 ug per sample. Dimethyl sulfate is detected in air by gas chromatography with N-P detection of methyl cyanide produced in the reaction of dimethyl sulfate with KCN. Silica gel tubes are used for sampling dimethyl sulfate and triethylene glycol for desorption of the cmpd from the adsorbents. The charged silica gel tubes can be stored at -20 °For 3 days. The recovery is 65% for 1-50 ug dimethyl sulfate and is not dependent on air humidity. The relative deviation of single values is + or - 10% at 95% statistical accuracy. Dimethyl sulfate can be detected with certainty to 0.5 ug in 20 l air. Exposure to dimethyl sulfate is primarily occupational. Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to the vapors of dimethyl sulfate may cause severe inflammation and necrosis of the eyes, mouth, and respiratory tract. Acute oral or inhalation exposure to dimethyl sulfate primarily damages the lungs but also injures the liver, kidneys, heart, and central nervous system (CNS), while dermal contact with dimethyl sulfate may produce severe blistering in humans. Human data on the carcinogenic effects of dimethyl sulfate are inadequate. Tumors have been observed in the nasal passages, lungs, and thorax of animals exposed to dimethyl sulfate by inhalation. EPA has classified dimethyl sulfate as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen. NIOSH considers dimethyl sulfate to be a potential occupational carcinogen. Warning: Symptoms may be delayed up to 12 hours. Signs and Symptoms of Dimethyl Sulfate Exposure: Dimethyl sulfate is irritating to the eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract. Severe dermal burns may be seen. Headache and giddiness are early signs of acute exposure which may be followed by changes in vision, lacrimation (tearing), photophobia, cough, difficulty in breathing, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, seizures, paralysis, delirium, and coma may occur. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to dimethyl sulfate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to dimethyl sulfate. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to dimethyl sulfate. Complete destruction of undiluted dimethyl sulfate in water miscible solvents (methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, and N,N-dimethylformamide), and dimethyl sulfate in immiscible or partially water miscible solvents (toluene, p-xylene, benzene, 1-pentanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and acetonitrile) was obtained using sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and ammonium hydroxide solutions. Reaction times for degradation were 15 minutes (after homogeneity) for undiluted dimethyl sulfate; 15 minutes for solutions in methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide; 1 hour for acetone; 33 hours for acetonitrile; and 1 day for other solvents. Absorption by diatomite is the best way to clean up spilled dimethyl sulfate; 1 kg of diatomite binds 5 - 6 kg of dimethyl sulfate to form a doughlike mass. For the treatment and disposal of waste, the recommended methods are alkaline hydrolysis, incineration, and landfill. Do not use open burning (e.g., as a boiler fuel) or evaporation for waste disposal. For incineration, dimethyl sulfate should be dissolved in a combustible solvent and sprayed into a furnace with an afterburner and an alkali scrubber. Dimethyl sulfate may be decomposed by adding a dilute alkaline solution; the mixture should be stirred and then allowed to settle. The resulting solution is then neutralized by acid or alkali as appropriate and drained into a sewer. When rapid decomposition is needed the waste may be warmed. It may also be adsorbed on vermiculite, packed in drums, buried and covered immediately. Showers and bubbler eye fountains must be available where dimethyl sulfate is used. A violent reaction occurred which shattered the flask when liter quantities of dimethyl sulfate and conc aqueous ammonia were accidentally mixed. Use dilute ammonia in small quantities to destroy dimethyl sulfate. Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Dimethyl sulfate is included on this list. Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity in humans of dimethyl sulfate. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity in experimental animals of dimethyl sulfate. Overall evaluation: Dimethyl sulfate is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). In making the overall evaluation, the Working Group took into consideration that dimethyl sulfate is a potent genotoxic chemical which can directly alkylate DNA both in vitro and in vivo. Dimethyl Sulfate: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. Because of its delayed effects, early clinical monitoring and treatment during the first 24 to 72 hours are important. Patients exposed to dimethyl sulfate should be treated as a medical emergency. Induced emesis can be dangerous because of re-exposure of the esophagus to corrosive material and because of the danger of aspiration pneumonia and respiratory tract damage. Gastric lavage can be performed, preferably within 1 hour of ingestion with appropriate tracheal protection. Endoscopy determines the extent of esophageal and gastric injury. Oral exposure is managed as a corrosive acid ingestion. Eye exposure is treated with copious irrigation with water or normal saline for at least 20 to 30 minutes. For skin exposure, all contaminated clothing should be removed and exposed skin washed thoroughly with water or saline. Acute Exposure/ Adult male CrlCD:BR rats were exposed nose-only to several concentrations of dimethyl sulfate (DMS) vapors to determine the relationships between vapor uptake and DNA methylation. Following DMS exposure, nasal respiratory and olfactory mucosa and lung tissue were removed and DNA was isolated for the analysis of methylated purines. DMS vapor uptake was complex and related to exposure concentration; clearance appeared to increase with increasing DMS concentrations between 0.5 and 8 ppm. Plethysmorgraphic measurements correlated with the time-dependent disappearance of dimethyl sulfate from a closed exposure apparatus. Above an initial DMS concentration of 8 ppm, sensory irritancy apparently altered normal respiratory parameters, clearance, and regional DNA methylation. DMS-dependent N7-methylguanine formation in DNA isolated from nasal respiratory mucosa was detectable 30 min following a 20-min exposure to an initial DMS concentration of 1 ppm. DMS-dependent methylation of DNA, as evidenced by N7-methylguanine and N3-methyladenine formation, showed concentration-response relationships in all tissues examined and was correlated with vapor uptake. DNA adduct formation showed regional differences characteristic of the absorption of a water-soluble vapor; methylation was greatest in DNA isolated from respiratory mucosa, less in olfactory, and little in lung. Repair of N7-methylguanine did not appear to be significantly different between nasal respiratory and olfactory tissues Dimethyl sulfate's production and use as a methylating agent, stabilizer and chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.677 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dimethyl sulfate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase dimethyl sulfate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 82 days. Vapor-phase dimethyl sulfate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with water (estimated atmospheric lifetime of >2 days). Dimethyl sulfate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, dimethyl sulfate is expected to hydrolyze in moist soils. Adsorption and volatilization from soil are not expected to be important fate processes because of hydrolysis. If released into water, dimethyl sulfate is expected to hydrolyze with a half-life of 1.15 hours; methanol and sulfuric acid have been identified as hydrolysis products. Volatilization, adsorption to suspended solids and sediments, biodegradation, and bioconcentration are not expected to be important fate processes in aquatic systems because of hydrolysis. Occupational exposure to dimethyl sulfate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dimethyl sulfate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dimethyl sulfate via inhalation of ambient air. Dimethyl sulfate's production and use as a methylating agent for amines and phenols, used with boron compounds to stabilize liquid sulfur trioxide and in the preparation of a wide variety of intermediates and products, especially in the fields of dyes, agricultural chemicals, drugs, and other specialties may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to moist soil, dimethyl sulfate is expected to hydrolyze rapidly as indicated by a measured rate constant in water of 1.66X10-4/sec at 25 °C, corresponding to a half-life of 1.15 hours at pH 7. Volatilization from water surfaces, adsorption to suspended solids and sediments, biodegradation, and bioconcentration are not expected to be important fate processes in moist terrestrial systems because of hydrolysis. Dimethyl sulfate may volatilize slightly from dry soil surfaces based upon a vapor pressure of 0.677 mm Hg. According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, dimethyl sulfate, which has a vapor pressure of 0.677 mm Hg at 25 °C, is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dimethyl sulfate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 84 days, calculated from its rate constant of 5.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C. Vapor-phase dimethyl sulfate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with water (estimated atmospheric lifetime of >2 days). Dimethyl sulfate is likely to become incorporated into fog and cloudwater, in which case it will hydrolyze to monomethyl hydrogen sulfate (and finally sulfuric acid) and methanol, with a half-life on the order of 30 to 60 min. Dimethyl sulfate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dimethyl sulfate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 5.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 84 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. Experimental rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of dimethyl sulfate with ozone, <1.4X10-21 cu cm/molecule-sec; ammonia, <1.5X10-21 cu cm/molecule-sec; and water, <1.1X10-23 cu cm/molecule-sec translate to atmospheric lifetimes of >33 yr, >8 yr, and >2 days, respectively. A measured hydrolysis rate constant of 1.66X10-4/sec for dimethyl sulfate in water at 25 °C corresponding to a half-life of 1.1 hrs at pH 7. The reaction is catalyzed under both acidic and basic conditions forming sulfuric acid and free methanol at pHs <7. The first methyl group is removed much more rapidly than the second with hydrolysis of the dimethyl sulfate being complete in a 24 hr period in water, dilute acid, or dilute base; the monomethyl species persists over a period of several weeks. The compound is hydrolyzed slowly in cold water. Dimethyl sulfate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. Based upon the hydrolysis of dimethyl sulfate in aqueous environments, bioconcentration is not expected to be a primary removal process in aquatic systems. Dimethyl sulfate was detected in airborne particulate matter from a coal-fired power plant (125 m from the stack and 30 m below the top of the stack) using low sulfur (0.5%), high ash (14%) coal - 0.07 to 0.34 umol/g, upper limit because of hydrolysis loss during extraction. Dimethyl sulfate was detected in emissions from a coal-fired and an oil-fired power plant at concentrations of 0.28, 0.21 and 0.95 mmol dimethyl sulfate/mol of total sulfur in the stack, at the top of the stack and in the plume of the coal-fired power plant, respectively, and 0.07, 0.08, and 3.1 mmol dimethyl sulfate/mol of total sulfur in the flue line, at the top of the stack, and in the plume of the oil-fired power plant, respectively. Based upon the hydrolysis of dimethyl sulfate in aqueous environments, volatilization from water and moist soil surfaces is not expected to be important process. Dimethyl sulfate may volatilize slightly from dry soil surfaces based upon a vapor pressure of 0.677 mm Hg. Using ion chromatography, dimethyl sulfate was found in both particles and in the gas phase. The concentration of gas-phase methyl sulfates was several mg/cu m. These species thus account for a significant fraction of the total sulfur budget in the Los Angeles Basin during the 3-day sample period in August 1983. Dimethyl sulfate was qualitatively detected in the atmosphere of the Netherlands. NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 10,481 workers (2,455 of these are female) are potentially exposed to dimethyl sulfate in the US. Occupational exposure to dimethyl sulfate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dimethyl sulfate is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dimethyl sulfate via inhalation of ambient air. History of Dimethyl sulfate Dimethyl sulfate was studied contemporaneously with ether by German alchemist August Siegmund Frobenius in 1730, subsequently by French chemists Fourcroy in 1797 and Gay-Lussac in 1815. Swiss scientist Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure also studied it in 1807. In 1827, French chemist and pharmacist Félix-Polydore Boullay (1806-1835) along with Jean-Baptiste André Dumas noted the role of Dimethyl sulfate in the preparation of diethyl ether from sulfuric acid and ethanol. Further studies by the German chemist Eilhard Mitscherlich and the Swedish chemist Jöns Berzelius suggested sulfuric acid was acting as a catalyst, this eventually led to the discovery of sulfovinic acid as an intermediate in the process. The advent of electrochemistry by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta and English chemist Humphry Davy in the 1800s confirmed ether and water were formed by the reaction of sub-stoichiometric amounts of sulfuric acid on ethanol and that sulfovinic acid was formed as an intermediate in the reaction. Production of Dimethyl sulfate Ethanol was produced primarily by the sulfuric acid hydration process in which ethylene is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce Dimethyl sulfate followed by hydrolysis, but this method has been mostly replaced by direct hydration of ethylene. Dimethyl sulfate can be produced in a laboratory setting by reacting ethanol with sulfuric acid under a gentle boil, while keeping the reaction below 140 °C. The sulfuric acid must be added dropwise or the reaction must be actively cooled because the reaction itself is highly exothermic. CH3CH2OH + H2SO4 → CH3-CH2-O-SO3H + H2O If the temperature exceeds 140 °C, the Dimethyl sulfate product tends to react with residual ethanol starting material, producing diethyl ether. If the temperature exceeds 170 °C in a considerable excess of sulfuric acid, the Dimethyl sulfate breaks down into ethylene and sulfuric acid. Reactions of Dimethyl sulfate The mechanism of the formation of Dimethyl sulfate, diethyl ether, and ethylene is based on the reaction between ethanol and sulfuric acid, which involves protonation of the ethanolic oxygen to form the[vague] oxonium ion. Dimethyl sulfate accumulates in hair after chronic alcohol consumption and its detection can be used as a biomarker for alcohol consumption. Salts Dimethyl sulfate can exist in salt forms, such as sodium Dimethyl sulfate, potassium Dimethyl sulfate, and calcium Dimethyl sulfate. The salt can be formed by adding the according carbonate, or bicarbonate salt. As an example, Dimethyl sulfate and potassium carbonate forms potassium Dimethyl sulfate and potassium bicarbonate. Ethyl glucuronide and Dimethyl sulfate are minor metabolites of alcohol that are found in various body fluids and also in human hair. Ethyl glucuronide is formed by the direct conjugation of ethanol and glucuronic acid through the action of a liver enzyme. Dimethyl sulfate is formed directly by the conjugation of ethanol with a sulfate group. These compounds are water soluble and can be used as direct alcohol biomarkers. Fatty acid ethyl esters are also direct markers of alcohol abuse because they are formed due to the chemical reaction between fatty acids and alcohol. Fatty acid ethyl esters are formed primarily in the liver and pancreas and then are released into the circulation. These compounds are also incorporated into hair follicles through sebum and can be used as a biomarker of alcohol abuse. Application of Dimethyl sulfate Dimethyl sulfate may be used along with alumina for preparation of monomethylated derivatives of alcohols, phenols and carboxylic acids. It may also be used in combination with dimethylformamide (DMF) to form methoxy-methylene-N,N-dimethyliminium salt, that can be utilized for the preparation of β-lactams. About Dimethyl sulfate Dimethyl sulfate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 tonnes per annum. Dimethyl sulfate is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing. Consumer Uses of Dimethyl sulfate ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Dimethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. Article service life ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Dimethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed. Widespread uses by professional workers of Dimethyl sulfate ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the types of manufacture using Dimethyl sulfate. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Dimethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. Formulation or re-packing of Dimethyl sulfate ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Dimethyl sulfate is most likely to be released to the environment. Uses at industrial sites of Dimethyl sulfate Dimethyl sulfate is used in the following products: polymers. Dimethyl sulfate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates). Dimethyl sulfate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals. Release to the environment of Dimethyl sulfate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates). Manufacture of Dimethyl sulfate Release to the environment of Dimethyl sulfate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS), also known by its IUPAC name dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid, is a highly reactive and toxic chemical compound.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is chemical formula is (CH3)2SO4.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is an odorless, corrosive, oily liquid which can release toxic fumes during heating.

CAS Number: 77-78-1
Molecular Formula: C2H6O4S
Molecular Weight: 126.13
EINECS Number: 201-058-1

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS), 77-78-1, Dimethyl sulphate, dimethylsulfate, Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester, Dimethyl monosulfate, Dimethylsulfat, Sulfate dimethylique, Sulfuric acid dimethyl ester, Dimethylsulfaat, Dimetilsolfato, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) (methyl sulfate), Dwumetylowy siarczan, Sulfato de dimetilo, Dimethoxysulfone, Methyle (sulfate de), Sulfate de dimethyle, RCRA waste number U103, DimethylSulphate, Dimethylester kyseliny sirove, CCRIS 265, NSC 56194, HSDB 932, EINECS 201-058-1, Sulfate de methyle, UNII-JW5CW40Z50, BRN 0635994, JW5CW40Z50, DTXSID5024055, CHEBI:59050, AI3-52118, Methyl sulfate, Me2SO4, NSC-56194, DTXCID904055, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) (13C2), EC 201-058-1, NSC56194, MFCD00008416, 1216599-58-4, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) (IARC), Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) [IARC], Dimethylsulfat [Czech], Methyl sulfate (VAN), Dimethylsulfaat [Dutch], Dimetilsolfato [Italian], CAS-77-78-1, Dwumetylowy siarczan [Polish], Sulfate dimethylique [French], Sulfate de dimethyle [French], Sulfato de dimetilo [Spanish], Methyle (sulfate de) [French], Me2SO4, UN1595, Dimethylester kyseliny sirove [Czech], RCRA waste no. U103, dimethlysulfate, dimethysulfate, dimetylsulphate, dimethyl-sulfate, dirnethyl sulfate, dimethylsulfuric acid, dimethyl sulfuric acid, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS)(METHYL SULFATE), SCHEMBL1249, WLN: 1OSWO1, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS), >=99%, Sulphuric acid dimethyl ester, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) [MI], CHEMBL162150, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS), >=99.8%, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) [HSDB], (CH3)2SO4, AMY40210, Tox21_202032, Tox21_300636, AKOS000119929, UN 1595, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) [UN1595] [Poison], NCGC00248118-01, NCGC00248118-02, NCGC00254411-01, NCGC00259581-01, BP-21324, VS-12630, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS), purum, >=95.0% (GC), D0797, NS00006257, EN300-19226, C19177, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS), SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, E78998, Q413421, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS), puriss. p.a., >=99.0% (GC), InChI=1/C2H6O4S/c1-5-7(3,4)6-2/h1-2H, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS), for GC derivatization, >=99.0% (GC), 139443-72-4, 62086-97-9, 98478-67-2

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can be synthesized through the esterification of sulfuric acid with methanol, and alternatively by the distillation of methyl hydrogen sulfate.
In industry, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used as a methylating agent for the manufacture of many organic chemicals.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can be used for methylation of phenols, amines, and thiol.

Moreover, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can be used for base sequencing and DNA chain cleavage since it can rupture the imidazole rings present in guanine.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can also be used for protein-DNA interaction analysis.
However, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is vapor is toxic to eyes and lungs, can do harm to our body.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a potential carcinogen based on known experimental data.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used to create surfactants, fabric softeners, water treatment chemicals, agricultural chemicals, drugs, and dyes.
As a methylating agent, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can introduce a methyl group to oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorous, and some metals.

While Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is most often used as a methylating agent, it can sometimes be utilized in other contexts including in sulfonation, as a catalyst, as a solvent, and as a stabilizer.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a colorless, oily liquid that is slightly soluble in water.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has a faint, onion-like odor; the odor threshold has not been established.

The vapor pressure for Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is 0.5 mm Hg at 20 °C, and it has a log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow ) of 0.032.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a colorless, oily liquid with a faint, onionlike odor.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is soluble in water, ether, dioxane, acetone, benzene, and other aromatic hydrocarbons, miscible with ethanol, and sparingly soluble in carbon disulfide.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is stable under normal temperatures and pressures, but hydrolyzes rapidly in water at or above 18 ℃.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been produced commercially since at least the 1920s.
One production method is continuous reaction of dimethyl ether with sulfur trioxide.

In 2009, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) was produced by 33 manufacturers worldwide, including 1 in the United States, 14 in China, 5 in India, 5 in Europe, 6 in East Asia, and 2 in Mexico, and was available from 44 suppliers, including 16 US suppliers.
There are no data on US imports or exports of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS).
Reports filed from 1986 through 2002 under the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory Update Rule indicate that US production plus imports of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) totaled 10–50 million pounds.

The simplest way of synthesizing Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is by esterification of sulfuric acid with methanol as follows:2CH3OH+ H2SO4→(CH3)2SO4 + 2H2O
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is essentially odorless.
The specific gravity of this colorless, corrosive, oily liquid is 1.3322 g/cm3.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is soluble in ether, dioxane, acetone, benzene, and other aromatic hydrocarbons.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is sparingly soluble in carbon disulfide and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and only slightly soluble in water (28 g/l at 18 °C) (O'Neil, 2006).
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is the dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid. It has a role as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is prepared by distillation of an oleum/methanol mixture; technical production using dimethyl ether and SO3 has also been reported (NLM, 2013).
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a colorless oily liquid, odorless to a faint onion-like odor.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is very toxic by inhalation.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a combustible liquid and has a flash point of 182°F.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is slightly soluble in water and decomposed by water to give sulfuric acid with evolution of heat.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is corrosive to metals and tissue.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a chemical compound with formula (CH3O)2SO2.
As the diester of methanol and sulfuric acid, its formula is often written as (CH3)2SO4 or Me2SO4, where CH3 or Me is methyl.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is mainly used as a methylating agent in organic synthesis.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a colourless oily liquid with a slight onion-like odour (although smelling it would represent significant exposure).
Like all strong alkylating agents, Me2SO4 is extremely toxic.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is use as a laboratory reagent has been superseded to some extent by methyl triflate, CF3SO3CH3, the methyl ester of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) was discovered in the early 19th century in an impure form.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) was investigated as a candidate for possible use in chemical warfare in 1.World War in 75% to 25% mixture with methyl chlorosulfonate (CH3ClO3S) called "C-stoff" in Germany, or with chlorosulfonic acid called "Rationite" in France.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is highly reactive due to the presence of the electrophilic sulfuric acid ester group.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) reacts readily with nucleophiles, making it a strong alkylating agent.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is extremely toxic and poses serious health hazards.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can cause severe burns upon contact with the skin and mucous membranes.

Inhalation or ingestion can lead to harmful health effects, including damage to the respiratory and central nervous systems.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is primarily used as an alkylating agent in organic synthesis.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can alkylate a variety of nucleophiles, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and other cellular components.

Due to its high reactivity, it has been employed in laboratory settings to introduce methyl groups into organic compounds.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals.
In laboratory settings, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been used to methylate nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) for research purposes, facilitating the study of genetic material.

Despite its usefulness in chemical synthesis, the industrial use of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is limited due to its extreme toxicity and safety concerns.
Safer alternatives are often preferred when possible.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can be synthesized in the laboratory by several methods, the simplest being the esterification of sulfuric acid with methanol:
2 CH3OH + H2SO4 → (CH3)2SO4 + 2 H2O
At higher temperatures, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) decomposes.

The reaction of methyl nitrite and methyl chlorosulfonate also results in Dimethyl sulfate (DMS):
CH3ONO + (CH3)OSO2Cl → (CH3)2SO4 + NOCl
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been produced commercially since the 1920s.

A common process is the continuous reaction of dimethyl ether with sulfur trioxide.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a reagent for the methylation of phenols, amines, and thiols.
One methyl group is transferred more quickly than the second.

Methyl transfer is assumed to occur via an SN2 reaction.
Compared to other methylating agents, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is preferred by the industry because of its low cost and high reactivity.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a strong methylating agent with superior reaction rates and higher yields than competitive products.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a versatile chemical used to produce household and commercial chemicals in a variety of processes.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a strong methylating agent that reacts with active hydrogen and alkali metal salts to form substituted oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a colorless oily liquid, odorless to a faint onion-like odor.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is very toxic by inhalation.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a combustible liquid and has a flash point of 182°F.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is slightly soluble in water and decomposed by water to give sulfuric acid with evolution of heat.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is corrosive to metals and tissue.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a potent methylating agent.
Dimethyl sulphate is a colourless to light yellow liquid.

Due to Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) special properties, particular safety measures have to be taken when Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is manufactured, transported and handled.
The product may not be released and must always be kept in closed systems.
The chemical formula of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is C2H6O4S, and Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has a molecular weight of 126.13 g/mol.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a colorless, oily liquid that is slightly soluble in water.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has a faint, onion-like odor; the odor threshold has not been established.
The vapor pressure for Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is 0.5 mm Hg at 20 °C, and Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has a log octanol/water partitioncoefficient (log Kow) of 0.032.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is rapidly absorbed by ingestion, by inhalation, and through intact skin.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is slowly metabolized to methanol and sulfuric acid.
Studies with Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) have shown that the lungs and brain exhibit a much higher degree of nucleic acid alkylation than the liver and kidneys.

Since the lungs and brain receive a relatively larger proportion of the cardiac output, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been proposed that dimethyl sulfate does not equilibrate throughout the body but breaks down in the organs that Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) penetrates first, owing to Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) alkylating abilities.
The associated kidney damage suggests that Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) may be eliminated by the renal route.

Chemical Properties Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a colorless, oily liquid that is slightly soluble in water.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has a faint, onion-like odor; the odor threshold has not been established.
The vapor pressure for Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is 0.5 mm Hg at 20 °C, and Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has a log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow ) of 0.032.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is essentially odorless.
The specific gravity of this colorless, corrosive, oily liquid is 1.3322 g/cm3.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is soluble in ether, dioxane, acetone, benzene, and other aromatic hydrocarbons.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is sparingly soluble in carbon disulfide and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and only slightly soluble in water (28 g/l at 18 °C).
For the treatment and disposal of waste, the recommended methods are alkaline hydrolysis, incineration, and landfill.
For incineration, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) should be dissolved in a combustible solvent and sprayed into a furnace with an afterburner and an alkali scrubber.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) may be decomposed by adding a dilute alkaline solution; the mixture should be stirred and then allowed to settle.
The resulting solution is then neutralized by acid or alkali as appropriate and drained into a sewer.
When rapid decomposition is needed the waste may be warmed.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) may also be adsorbed on vermiculite, packed in drums, buried and covered immediately.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been reported that Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can be degraded with sodium hydroxide solution (1 mol/L), sodium carbonate solution (1 mol/L), or ammonium hydroxide solution (1.5 mol/L).
Complete destruction of undiluted Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in solvents miscible with water (methanol, ethanol, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS)O, DMF, acetone) or solvents partially miscible or immiscible with water (toluene, p-xylene, benzene,

Dimethyl Sulphate is a versatile chemical and is one of the most efficient methylating agent for many organic chemicals and an important raw material for the dyestuff, pharmaceuticals and aromatics industry. We are the pioneer manufacturers on Dimethyl Sulphate in India and are one of the largest suppliers of this product to various industries in many countries.. Every stage of manufacturing, packing and quality are strictly controlled by skilled and experienced technical staff.
Despite Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) qualities, dimethyl sulphate (CAS: 77-78-1) is a threat to human health.
Indeed, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a toxic, mutagenic and corrosive Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) that can be carcinogenic.

The volatility of dimethyl sulphate (CAS: 77-78-1) makes this chemical easily inhaled, but Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can also be absorbed through the skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract.
Dimethyl sulphate has a very low odour and is not easily noticeable in the air breathed.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is therefore advisable to check for the presence of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in the working environment.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, for intermediate use only.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a colourless oily liquid with a slight onion-like odour (although smelling Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) would represent significant exposure).

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a colorless oily liquid, odorless to a faint onion-like odor.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is very toxic by inhalation.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a combustible liquid and has a flash point of 182°F.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is slightly soluble in water and decomposed by water to give sulfuric acid with evolution of heat.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is corrosive to metals and tissue.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a potent methylating agent.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a strong methylating agent with superior reaction rates and higher yields than competitive products.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a versatile chemical used to produce household and commercial chemicals in a variety of processes.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a strong methylating agent that reacts with active hydrogen and alkali metal salts to form substituted oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a diester of methanol and sulfuric acid.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is commonly used as a reagent for the methylation of phenols, amines, and thiols.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a potent genotoxic chemical.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can directly alkylate DNA both in vitro and in vivo.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) have been shown to induce mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and other genetic alterations in a diversity of organisms.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can cause severe burns to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.

Systemic effects of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) include damage to the liver and kidneys.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a chemical compound with formula (CH3O)2SO2.
As the dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) formula is often written as (CH3)2SO4 or even Me2SO4; where CH3 or Me is methyl.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is mainly used as a methylating agent in organic synthesis.
Under standard conditions, Me2SO4 is a colourless oily liquid with a slight onion-like odour (although smelling Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) would represent significant exposure).

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) use as a laboratory reagent has been superseded to some extent by methyl triflate, CF3SO3CH3, the methyl ester of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.
The use of methanol as an alternative fuel could increase public exposure to Dimethyl sulfate (DMS).
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is readily absorbed through mucous membranes, the intestinal tract, and skin.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is highly toxic for man, particularly for the respiratory tract.
Relatively short-term exposure (10 min) to 500 mg/m3 may be fatal.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) causes severe inflammation of the eye, respiratory epithelium, and skin that starts minutes or hours after exposure.

There is little initial discomfort but severe functional disturbances follow.
In addition, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is readily absorbed and produces systemic toxic effects, principally on the nervous system, heart, liver, and kidneys.
On the eye, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) produces toxic effects similar to those of methanol.

None of the reproductive parameters was altered and no statistically significant fetal effects were detected in the rats exposed up to 7.9 mg/m3 during gestation.
Existing data are insufficient to determine complete dose-response relationships with LOAEL and/or NOAEL for Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in human or animal studies.
The evidence for Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) carcinogenicity in animals is sufficient, but in humans is inadequate.

Data are insufficient to calculate a carcinogenic potency factor for Dimethyl sulfate (DMS).
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can effect the base-specific cleavage of DNA by attacking the imidazole rings present in guanine.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) also methylates adenine in single-stranded portions of DNA (e.g., those with proteins like RNA polymerase progressively melting and re-annealing the DNA).

Upon re-annealing, these Dimethyl sulfates (DMS) interfere with adenine-guanine base-pairing.
Nuclease S1 can then be used to cut the DNA in single-stranded regions (anywhere with a methylated adenine).
This is an important technique for analyzing protein-DNA interactions.

Melting point: -32 °C
Boiling point: 188 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.333 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 4.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.7 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.386(lit.)
Flash point: 182 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: ethanol: 0.26 g/mL, clear, colorless
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless
Odor: Almost odorless
Water Solubility: 2.8 g/100 mL (18 ºC)
Merck: 13,3282
BRN: 635994
Exposure limits TLV/PEL-TWA skin 0.1 ppm (0.52 mg/m3 ) (ACGIH, OSHA, NIOSH) IDLH 10 ppm (NIOSH).
Dielectric constant: 55.0（20℃）

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is widely employed as a reagent for introducing methyl groups into organic compounds through a process known as methylation.
This can be important in the synthesis of various chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been used in the synthesis of certain pesticides and herbicides, contributing to the agricultural industry.

Historically, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been considered as a chemical warfare agent due to its extreme toxicity.
However, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is use as a chemical weapon is highly restricted and regulated by international conventions such as the Chemical Weapons Convention.
While its use has diminished due to safety concerns, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been employed in the past for specific research applications in molecular biology, particularly in methylation studies involving nucleic acids.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) serves as a methylating agent for a range of nucleophiles, including alcohols, amines, and phenols, in various organic synthesis reactions.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can react with alcohols in the presence of a base to form dimethyl ethers.
This reaction is often used in laboratory and industrial settings for ether synthesis.

Pure Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) and concentrated aqueous ammonia react extremely violently with one another, as is the case for tertiary organic bases.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) ignites in contact with unheated barium chlorite, due to the rapid formation of unstable methyl chlorite.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) of methylating an unnamed material at 110°C was alloyed to remain in a reactor for 80 min.

This involved a sulfur ester such as Dimethyl sulfate (DMS).
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) hydrolyzes slowly in cold water but rapidly in warm water and acidic solutions.
The hydrolysis occurs stepwise, initially forming methyl sulfuric acid, then sulfuric acid and methanol.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can be calculated that Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) hydrolyzes to methyl sulfuric acid with 99.9% completion as follows:
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used as chemical intermediate, hence the global Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) market is anticipated to experience strong growth over the foreseeable future, owing to Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) numerous applications in different chemicals.
Furthermore, the fabric softeners market is expected to experience strong growth during the forecast period, which would boost the demand for Dimethyl sulfate (DMS), as the latter is used to manufacture fabric softeners.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a colorless, oily liquid with a faint, onionlike odor.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is soluble in water, ether, dioxane, acetone, benzene, and other aromatic hydrocarbons, miscible with ethanol, and sparingly soluble in carbon disulfide.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is stable under normal temperatures and pressures, but hydrolyzes rapidly in water at or above 18 ℃.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been produced commercially since at least the 1920s.
One production method is continuous reaction of dimethyl ether with sulfur trioxide.
In 2009, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) was produced by 33 manufacturers worldwide, including 1 in the United States, 14 in China, 5 in India, 5 in Europe, 6 in East Asia, and 2 in Mexico, and was available from 44 suppliers, including 16 US suppliers.

There are no data on US imports or exports of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS).
Reports filed from 1986 through 2002 under the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory Update
Rule indicate that US production plus imports of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) totaled 10–50 million pounds.

The simplest way of synthesizing Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is by esterification of sulfuric acid with methanol as follows:2CH3OH+ H2SO4→(CH3)2SO4 + 2H2O
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been reported that Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can be degraded with sodium hydroxide solution (1 mol/L), sodium carbonate solution (1 mol/L), or ammonium hydroxide solution (1.5 mol/L).
Complete destruction of undiluted Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) or Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in solvents miscible with water (methanol, ethanol, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS)O, DMF, acetone) or solvents partially miscible or immiscible with water (toluene, p-xylene, benzene, 1-pentanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, acetonitrile) could be obtained using any of the above methods.

Reaction times were 15 min after homogeneity was obtained for undiluted Dimethyl sulfate (DMS), 15 min for solutions in methanol, ethanol, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS)O, and
DMF, one hour for solutions in acetone, three hours for acetonitrile, and one day for the other solvents listed above.
The final reaction mixtures were tested for mutagenicity, and when the solutions were not cytotoxic, no mutagenic response was obtained.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in solution was determined by a colorimetric method.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS)s of the reactions were found to be methanol when NaOH and Na/sub 2/ CO/sub 3/ were used and methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, and methanol when ammonium hydroxide was used.
The stability of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in various solvents was also determined.
Global dimethyl sulphate demand is projected to grow at a healthy CAGR of 4.35%.

Dimethyl sulphate is an ester compound which is produced by the reaction of sulphuric acid and methanol.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a colourless oily liquid with an onion like odour.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is soluble in aromatic solvents, water and alcohol.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is available in both liquid and vapour form.
Various applications of dimethyl sulphate are dyes, perfumes, agrochemicals, water treatment chemicals, surfactants, fabric softener, cosmetics, personal care, and others.
Demand growth in application areas including water treatment chemicals, surfactants, personal care etc. is expected to drive the demand of dimethyl sulphate during the forecast period.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a combustible liquid (NFPA rating = 2).
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) vapors are produced in a fire.
Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used to fight Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) fires.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can react violently with ammonium hydroxide, sodium azide, and strong oxidizers.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can effect the base-specific cleavage of DNA by attacking the imidazole rings present in guanine.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) also methylates adenine in single-stranded portions of DNA (for example, those with proteins like RNA polymerase progressively melting and re-annealing the DNA).

Upon re-annealing, these methyl groups interfere with adenine-guanine base-pairing.
Nuclease S1 can then be used to cut the DNA in single-stranded regions (anywhere with a methylated adenine).
This is an important technique for analyzing protein-DNA interactions.

Although Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is highly effective and affordable, its toxicity has encouraged the use of other methylating reagents.
Methyl iodide is a reagent used for O-methylation, like Dimethyl sulfate (DMS), but is less hazardous and more expensive.
Dimethyl carbonate, which is less reactive, has far lower toxicity compared to both Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) and methyl iodide.

High pressure can be used to accelerate methylation by dimethyl carbonate.
In general, the toxicity of methylating agents is correlated with their efficiency as methyl transfer reagents.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is an odorless, corrosive, oily liquid with an onion-like odor that emits toxic fumes upon heating.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used in industry as a methylating agent in the manufacture of many organic chemicals.
Inhalation exposure to Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) vapors is highly irritating to the eyes and lungs and may cause damage to the liver, kidney, heart and central nervous system, while dermal contact causes severe blistering.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a possible mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals

Uses:
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been used since the beginning of the century as a methylating agent in the preparation of organic chemical products and colouring agents, in the perfume industry, and in other processes.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a colourless or yellowish liquid of oily consistency which vaporizes at 50℃ and has a slight piquant smell.
Both the liquid and the vapour are vesicants and by virtue of this property may be used in warfare.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a strong alkylating agent and might also react with the carboxylic acid substrate, further reducing the Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) concentration in the mixture.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used as a methylating agent in themanufacture of many organic compounds,such as, phenols and thiols.
Also, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used inthe manufacture of dyes and perfumes, andas an intermediate for quaternary ammoniumsalts.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) was used in the past as a militarypoison.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a diester of methanol and sulfuric acid.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is commonly used as a reagent for the methylation of phenols, amines, and thiols.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is an effective and widely used probe for sequence-specific protein-DNA interactions.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used to determine the secondary structure of RNA.
At neutral pH, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) methylates unpaired adenine and cytosine residues at their canonical Watson–Crick faces, but it cannot methylate base-paired nucleotides.

Using the method known as Dimethyl sulfate (DMS)-MaPseq, RNA is incubated with Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) to methylate unpaired bases. Then the RNA is reverse-transcribed; the reverse transcriptase frequently adds an incorrect DNA base when it encounters a methylated RNA base.
These mutations can be detected via sequencing, and the RNA is inferred to be single-stranded at bases with above-background mutation rates.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) may be used along with alumina for preparation of monomethylated derivatives of alcohols, phenols and carboxylic acids.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) may also be used in combination with dimethylformamide (DMF) to form methoxy-methylene-N,N-dimethyliminium salt, that can be utilized for the preparation of β-lactams.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used to create surfactants, fabric softeners, water treatment chemicals, agricultural chemicals, drugs, and dyes.
As a methylating agent, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can introduce a methyl group to oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorous, and some metals.

While Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is most often used as a methylating agent, it can sometimes be utilized in other contexts including in sulfonation, as a catalyst, as a solvent, and as a stabilizer.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used in the following products: polymers.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is employed as a methylating agent in organic synthesis reactions.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can introduce methyl groups to a variety of nucleophiles, including alcohols, amines, and phenols, leading to the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used in the production of certain chemicals, including pharmaceutical intermediates, dyes, and agrochemicals.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been historically used in laboratory settings for methylation reactions, particularly in molecular biology research.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been applied in studies involving the methylation of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) for experimental purposes.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can react with alcohols in the presence of a base to form dimethyl ethers.
This reaction is utilized for the synthesis of ethers in both laboratory and industrial contexts.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been used in the synthesis of certain pesticides and herbicides, contributing to the agricultural sector.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is role as a strong methylating agent is crucial in modifying the properties of specific molecules in chemical processes, including those involved in drug development and manufacturing.

In some cases, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is involved in the synthesis of catalysts used in various chemical reactions.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is best known as a reagent for the methylation of phenols, amines, and thiols.
One methyl group is transferred more quickly than the second.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is assumed to occur via an SN2 reaction.
Compared to other methylating agents, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is preferred by the industry because of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) low cost and high reactivity.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used as a methylating agent in the manufacture of many organic chemicals.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is also used in the manufacture of dyes and perfumes, for the separation of mineral oils, and for the analysis of auto fluids.
Formerly, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) was used as a war gas.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been produced commercially since at least the 1920s.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used mainly as a methylating agent for converting active-hydrogen compounds such as phenols, amines and thiols to the corresponding methyl derivatives.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a diester of methanol and sulfuric acid.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is commonly used as a reagent for the methylation of phenols, amines, and thiols.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is an effective and widely used probe for sequence-specific protein-DNA interactions
Diethyl sulfate is used as an ethylating agentin many organic syntheses.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is also usedas an accelerator in the sulfation of ethyleneand as an intermediate in certain sulfonationreactions.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used as a methylating agent in themanufacture of many organic compounds,such as, phenols and thiols.
Also, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used inthe manufacture of dyes and perfumes, andas an intermediate for quaternary ammoniumsalts.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) was used in the past as a militarypoison.

Dimethyl sulphate has been used since the beginning of the century as a methylating agent in the preparation of organic chemical products and colouring agents, in the perfume industry, and in other processes.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a colourless or yellowish liquid of oily consistency which vaporizes at 50℃. and has a slight piquant smell.
Both the liquid and the vapour are vesicants and by virtue of this property may be used in warfare.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is used in the following products: polymers.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been used in the textile industry for certain dyeing processes, contributing to the production of colored textiles.
In the past, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) found use in the production of certain photographic chemicals, although its use in this context has diminished over time.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been utilized in the synthesis of methyl cellulose, a derivative of cellulose used in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
In some applications within the leather industry, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been used as a tanning agent.
In analytical chemistry, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been employed as a reagent for the determination of certain functional groups in organic compounds.

There have been limited uses of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) as a component in fuel additives, although this application is not widespread.
In certain formulations, Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has been used as a solvent for gums and resins.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Health Hazard:
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is extremely hazardous because of its lack of warning properties and delayed toxic effects.
The vapor of this compound is extremely irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, and contact with the liquid can cause very severe burns to the eyes and skin.
Ingestion of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) causes burns to the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract.

The effects of overexposure to Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) vapor may be delayed. After a latent period of 10 hours or more, headache and severe pain to the eyes upon exposure to light may occur, followed by cough, tightness of the chest, shortness of breath, difficulty in swallowing and speaking, vomiting, diarrhea, and painful urination.
Fatal pulmonary edema may develop. Systemic effects of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) include damage to the liver and kidneys.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is listed by IARC in Group 2A ("probable human carcinogen") and is classified as a "select carcinogen" under the criteria of the OSHA Laboratory Standard.
Data indicate that Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) does not specifically harm unborn animals; Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is not a developmental toxin.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a strong alkylating agent and does produce genetic damage in animals and in bacterial and mammalian cell cultures.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is carcinogenic and mutagenic, highly poisonous, corrosive, and environmentally hazardous.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is absorbed through the skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract, and can cause a fatal delayed respiratory tract reaction.
Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is carcinogenic and mutagenic, highly poisonous, corrosive, and environmentally hazardous.

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is absorbed through the skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract, and can cause a fatal delayed respiratory tract reaction.
There is no strong odor or immediate irritation to warn of lethal concentration in the air.
Delayed toxicity allows potentially fatal exposures to occur prior to development of any warning symptoms.

Symptoms may be delayed 6–24 hours. Concentrated solutions of bases (ammonia, alkalis) can be used to hydrolyze minor spills and residues on contaminated equipment, but the reaction may become violent with larger amounts of Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) (see ICSC).
Although the compound hydrolyses, treatment with water cannot be assumed to decontaminate it.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2SO. This colorless liquid is an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water. It has a relatively high boiling point. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has the unusual property that many individuals perceive a garlic-like taste in the mouth after contact with the skin.
In terms of chemical structure, the molecule has idealized Cs symmetry. It has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry consistent with other three-coordinate S(IV) compounds, with a nonbonded electron pair on the approximately tetrahedral sulfur atom.

CAS NO: 67-68-5
EC Number: 200-664-3

IUPAC NAMES: 

Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl sulphoxide, anhydrous
Dimethylsulfoxid
Dimethylsulfoxide
DMSO, Methyl Sulfoxide
methanesulfinylmethane
Methylsulfinidemethane
methylsulfinylmethan
methylsulfinylmethane

SYNONYMS
dimethyl sulfoxide;DMSO;67-68-5;Methyl sulfoxide;Methylsulfinylmethane;Dimethylsulfoxide;Dimethyl sulphoxide;Methane, sulfinylbis-;Demsodrox;Demasorb;Demavet;Dimexide;Domoso;Dromisol;Durasorb;Infiltrina;Somipront;Syntexan;Deltan;Demeso;Dolicur;Hyadur;sulfinylbismethane;Dimethyl sulfur oxide;Dermasorb;Dipirartril-tropico;Doligur;Kemsol;Topsym;Gamasol 90;Sulfinylbis(methane);Dimethylsulphoxid;Sclerosol;Rimso-50;Dimethylsulfoxid;Dimethylsulfoxyde;Rimso 50;SQ 9453;NSC-763;Caswell No. 381;Dimetil sulfoxido;Dimethyli sulfoxidum;CCRIS 943;Methane;1,1'-sulfinylbis-;(methylsulfinyl)methane;methylsulfoxide;(CH3)2SO;DMS-90;NSC 763;A 10846;Methyl sulphoxide;dimethyl-sulfoxide;S(O)Me2;M 176;UNII-YOW8V9698H;MFCD00002089;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000177;DMS 70;DMS 90;AI3-26477;CHEMBL504;NSC763;YOW8V9698H;Dimethyl sulfoxide, HPLC Grade;CHEBI:28262;SQ-9453;Dimethyl sulfoxide, 99%;Sulfinylbis-methane;Topsym (rescinded);Rimso-5;Domoso (Veterinary);Methyl sulfoxide, 99.7%, pure;Dimexidum;sulfinyldimethane;Dimetilsolfossido;Dimetilsolfossido [DCIT];Dimethyl sulpoxide;Methyl sulfoxide, 99.8+%, for HPLC;Methyl sulfoxide, 99.8+%, extra pure;HSDB 80;Methyl sulfoxide, 99.5+%, for analysis;Methyl sulfoxide, 99.9+%, ACS reagent;Sulfoxide, dimethyl;methanesulfinylmethane;DMS-70;Dimethylsulfoxyde [INN-French];Dimetil sulfoxido [INN-Spanish];(methanesulfinyl)methane;Dimethyli sulfoxidum [INN-Latin];Methyl sulfoxide, 99.8+%, for peptide synthesis;EINECS 200-664-3;Methyl sulfoxide, 99.7+%, Extra Dry, AcroSeal(R);C2H6OS;Diluent;dimethysulfoxide;dimethvlsulfoxide;dimethyisulfoxide;dimethylsulphoxid;dimethy sulfoxide;dimetyl sulfoxide;dimethyisulphoxide;Methyl sulfoxide, 99.7+%, Extra Dry over Molecular Sieve, AcroSeal(R);dimethyl sulfoxyde;dimethyl-sulfoxyde;dimethyl suiphoxide;dimethyl-sulphoxide;dirnethyl sulfoxide;Dimethyl sulfoxixde;methylsulfmylmethane;dimethyl sulf oxide;Sulfinyl bis(methane);2-Thiapropane2-oxide;Dimethyl sulfoxide [USAN:USP:INN:BAN];DMSO, sterile filtered;dimethylsulfoxide solution;Methyl sulfoxide (8CI);Rimso-50 (TN);Dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO);DMSO (Sterile-filtered);DMSO, Dimethyl Sulfoxide;DSSTox_CID_1735;Dimethyl sulfoxide solution;(DMSO);DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide);EC 200-664-3;Sulfinylbis-methane (9CI);ACMC-1BH88;DSSTox_RID_76298;H3C-SO-CH3;BIDD:PXR0182;DSSTox_GSID_21735;Dimethyl sulfoxide, >=99%;Dimethyl sulfoxide, anhydrous;Dimethyl sulfoxide, for HPLC;Methane, sulfinylbis- (9CI);WLN: OS1&1;Dimethyl sulfoxide, >=99.5%;Dimethyl sulfoxide, PCR Reagent;DTXSID2021735;Dimethyl sulfoxide, ACS reagent;Methyl sulfoxide, >=99%, FG;Dimethyl sulfoxide, p.a., 99%;Dimethyl sulfoxide, LR, >=99%;Pharmakon1600-01506122;Dimethyl sulfoxide (JAN/USP/INN);ZINC5224188;Tox21_300957;ANW-42740;BDBM50026472;NSC760436;STL264194;Dimethyl sulfoxide, AR, >=99.5%;AKOS000121107;CCG-213615;DB01093;Dimethyl sulfoxide, analytical standard;MCULE-2005841258;NSC-760436;CAS-67-68-5;MRF-0000764;(methanesulfinyl)methanedimethyl sulfoxide;Dimethyl sulfoxide, for molecular biology;NCGC00163958-01;NCGC00163958-02;NCGC00163958-03;NCGC00254859-01;Dimethyl sulfoxide, anhydrous, >=99.9%;Dimethyl sulfoxide, HPLC grade, 99.9%;SC-16101;Dimethyl Sulfoxide [for Spectrophotometry],Dimethyl sulfoxide, for HPLC, >=99.5%;Dimethyl sulfoxide, for HPLC, >=99.7%;DS-015031;D0798;D1159;D5293;Dimethyl sulfoxide, ACS reagent, >=99.9%;Dimethyl sulfoxide, AldraSORB(TM), 99.8%;FT-0625099;FT-0625100;Dimethyl sulfoxide, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.9%;Dimethyl sulfoxide, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%;Dimethyl sulfoxide, JIS special grade, >=99.0%;Dimethyl sulfoxide, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%;Q407927;Dimethyl sulfoxide, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.9%;Dimethyl sulfoxide, anhydrous, ZerO2(TM), >=99.9%
spectrophotometric grade, >=99.9%;Dimethyl sulfoxide, puriss. p.a., dried, <=0.02% water;4H-1,3-oxazine,2-cyclopentyl-5,6-dihydro-4,4,7-trimethyl-;Dimethyl sulfoxide, >=99.5% (GC),

Synthesis and production
It was first synthesized in 1866 by the Russian scientist Alexander Zaytsev, who reported his findings in 1867. Dimethyl sulfoxide is produced industrially from dimethyl sulfide, a by-product of the Kraft process, by oxidation with oxygen or nitrogen dioxide.

Reactions
Reactions with electrophiles
The sulfur center in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is nucleophilic toward soft electrophiles and the oxygen is nucleophilic toward hard electrophiles. With methyl iodide it forms trimethylsulfoxonium iodide,
This salt can be deprotonated with sodium hydride to form the sulfur yield
Acidity
The methyl groups of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are only weakly acidic, with a pKa = 35. For this reason, the basicities of many weakly basic organic compounds have been examined in this solvent.

Deprotonation of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) requires strong bases like lithium diisopropylamide and sodium hydride. Stabilization of the resultant carbanion is provided by the S(O)R group. The sodium derivative of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) formed in this way is referred to as dimsyl sodium. It is a base, e.g., for the deprotonation of ketones to form sodium enolates, phosphonium salts to form Wittig reagents, and formamidinium salts to form diaminocarbenes. It is also a potent nucleophile.

Oxidant
In organic synthesis, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used as a mild oxidant, as illustrated by the Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation and the Swern oxidation.

Ligand and Lewis base
Related to its ability to dissolve many salts, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a common ligand in coordination chemistry. Illustrative is the complex dichlorotetrakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)ruthenium(II) (RuCl2(dmso)4). In this complex, three Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) ligands are bonded to ruthenium through sulfur. The fourth Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is bonded through oxygen. In general, the oxygen-bonded mode is more common.

In carbon tetrachloride solutions Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) functions as a Lewis base with a variety Lewis acids such as I2, phenols, trimethyltin chloride, metalloporphyrins, and the dimer Rh2Cl2(CO)4. The donor properties are discussed in the ECW model. The relative donor strength of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) toward a series of acids, versus other Lewis bases, can be illustrated by C-B plots.

Applications

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a polar aprotic solvent and is less toxic than other members of this class, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and HMPA. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is frequently used as a solvent for chemical reactions involving salts, most notably Finkelstein reactions and other nucleophilic substitutions. It is also extensively used as an extractant in biochemistry and cell biology. Because Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is only weakly acidic, it tolerates relatively strong bases and as such has been extensively used in the study of carbanions. A set of non-aqueous pKa values (C-H, O-H, S-H and N-H acidities) for thousands of organic compounds have been determined in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution.

Because of its high boiling point, 189 °C (372 °F), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) evaporates slowly at normal atmospheric pressure. Samples dissolved in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cannot be as easily recovered compared to other solvents, as it is very difficult to remove all traces of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by conventional rotary evaporation. One technique to fully recover samples is the removal of the organic solvent by evaporation followed by the addition of water (to dissolve Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) and cryodesiccation to remove both Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water. Reactions conducted in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are often diluted with water to precipitate or phase-separate products. The relatively high freezing point ofDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 18.5 °C (65.3 °F), means that at, or just below, room temperature it is a solid, which can limit its utility in some chemical processes (e.g. crystallization with cooling).

In its deuterated form (DMSO-d6), it is a useful solvent for NMR spectroscopy, again due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of analytes, the simplicity of its own spectrum, and its suitability for high-temperature NMR spectroscopic studies. Disadvantages to the use of DMSO-d6 are its high viscosity, which broadens signals, and its hygroscopicity, which leads to an overwhelming H2O resonance in the 1H-NMR spectrum. It is often mixed with CDCl3 or CD2Cl2 for lower viscosity and melting points.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is also used to dissolve test compounds in vitro drug discovery and drug design screening programs (including high-throughput screening programs). This is because it is able to dissolve both polar and nonpolar compounds, can be used to maintain stock solutions of test compounds (important when working with a large chemical library), is readily miscible with water and cell culture media, and has a high boiling point (this improves the accuracy of test compound concentrations by reducing room temperature evaporation). One limitation with Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is that it can affect cell line growth and viability (with low Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations sometimes stimulating cell growth, and high Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations sometimes inhibiting or killing cells).

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used as a vehicle in vivo studies of test compounds too. It has. As with its use in in vitro studies, Pleiotropic effects can occur.

In addition to the above, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is finding increased use in manufacturing processes to produce microelectronic devices. It is widely used to strip photoresist in TFT-LCD 'flat panel' displays and advanced packaging applications (such as wafer-level packaging/solder bump patterning). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an effective paint stripper too, being safer than many of the others such as nitromethane and dichloromethane.

Biology
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to inhibit secondary structures in the DNA template or the DNA primers. It is added to the PCR mix before reacting, where it interferes with the self-complementarity of the DNA, minimizing interfering reactions.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in a PCR reaction is applicable for supercoiled plasmids (to relax before amplification) or DNA templates with high GC content (to decrease thermostability). For example, 10% final concentration of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the PCR mixture with Phusion decreases primer annealing temperature (i.e. primer melting temperature) by 5.5–6.0 °C (9.9–10.8 °F).

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) may also be used as a cryoprotectant, added to cell media to reduce ice formation and thereby prevent cell death during the freezing process. Approximately 10% may be used with a slow-freeze method, and the cells may be frozen at −80 °C (−112 °F) or stored in liquid nitrogen safely.

In cell culture, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used to induce differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells into cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells.

Medicine
Use of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in medicine dates from around 1963, when an Oregon Health & Science University Medical School team, headed by Stanley Jacob, discovered it could penetrate the skin and other membranes without damaging them and could carry other compounds into a biological system. In medicine, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is predominantly used as a topical analgesic, a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals, as an anti-inflammatory, and an antioxidant. Because Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) increases the rate of absorption of some compounds through biological tissues, including skin, it is used in some transdermal drug delivery systems. Its effect may be enhanced with the addition of EDTA. It is frequently compounded with antifungal medications, enabling them to penetrate not just skin but also toenails and fingernails.

In interventional radiology, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used as a solvent for ethylene-vinyl alcohol in the Onyx liquid embolic agent, which is used in embolization, the therapeutic occlusion of blood vessels.

In cryobiology, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used as a cryoprotectant and is still an important constituent of cryoprotectant vitrification mixtures used to preserve organs, tissues, and cell suspensions. Without it, up to 90% of frozen cells will become inactive. It is particularly important in the freezing and long-term storage of embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, which are often frozen in a mixture of 10% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a freezing medium, and 30% fetal bovine serum. In the cryogenic freezing of heteroploid cell lines (MDCK, VERO, etc.) a mixture of 10% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with 90% EMEM (70% EMEM + 30% fetal bovine serum + antibiotic mixture) is used. As part of an autologous bone marrow transplant, the Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is re-infused along with the patient's own hematopoietic stem cells.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is metabolized by disproportionation to dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl sulfone. It is subject to renal and pulmonary excretion. A possible side effect of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is therefore elevated blood dimethyl sulfide, which may cause a blood-borne halitosis symptom.

The use of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an alternative treatment for cancer is of particular concern, as it has been shown to interfere with a variety of chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin. There is insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has any effect, and most sources agree that its history of side effects when tested warrants caution when using it as a dietary supplement, for which it is marketed heavily with the usual disclaimer.

Taste
The perceived garlic taste upon skin contact with Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) may be due to the nonolfactory activation of TRPA1 receptors in trigeminal ganglia. Unlike dimethyl and diallyl disulfide (also with odors resembling garlic), the mono- and tri- sulfides (typically with foul odors), and other similar structures, the pure chemical Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is odorless.

Dimethyl sulfoxide appears as a clear liquid, essentially odorless. Closed cup flash point 192°F. Vapors are heavier than air. Contact with the skin may cause stinging and burning and lead to an odor of garlic on the breath. An excellent solvent that can transport toxic solutes through the skin. High vapor concentrations may cause headache, dizziness, and sedation.

Industry Uses
-Cleaning Solution
-Functional fluids (closed systems)
-Intermediates
-Laboratory chemicals
-Lubricants and lubricant additives
-Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
-Plating agents and surface treating agents
-Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
-Propellants and blowing agents
-Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
-Viscosity adjustors

Consumer Uses 
-Electrical and electronic products
-Lubricants and greases
-Metal products not covered elsewhere

General Manufacturing Information 
Industry Processing Sectors
-All other chemical products and preparation manufacturing.
-Computer and electronic product manufacturing.
-Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing.
-Fabricated metal product manufacturing.
-Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing.
-Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing.
-Plastics product manufacturing.
-Services.
-Wholesale and retail trade.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a colorless, very hygroscopic, liquid. It is a molecule with a long history in pharmaceutics and is now well established as a penetration enhancer in topical pharmaceutical formulations. It is currently prescribed as medication for this purpose in diclofenac sodium topical solution (approved in the United States to treat signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis) and idoxuridine topical solution (approved in Europe for the treatment of herpes zoster). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used as a medication for symptomatic relief of interstitial cystitis. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is not a nutritional supplement, it is metabolized to methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), which is available as a nutritional supplement. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used in the cryopreservation of cell populations including stem cells, embryos, and various cell cultures. It is also used as an industrial solvent and as antifreeze or hydraulic fluid when mixed with water.

Dimethyl sulfoxide's production and use as a reagent in organic synthesis, as an industrial solvent, in industrial cleaners and paint strippers and in medicine may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Dimethyl sulfoxide is part of the global atmospheric sulfur cycle and is produced when dimethyl sulfide is photo oxidized. It has been isolated from many plants, is a common constituent of natural waters, and it occurs in seawater in the zone of light penetration where it may represent a product of algal metabolism. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.60 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dimethyl sulfoxide will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase dimethyl sulfoxide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.3 hours. Vapor-phase dimethyl sulfoxide will also be degraded in the night-time atmosphere by reaction with nitrate radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.4 hours. Dimethyl sulfoxide does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. Dimethyl sulfoxide has been detected in rainwater indicating that it may be removed from the air by wet deposition. If released to soil, dimethyl sulfoxide is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.03X10-8 atm-cu m/mole. Dimethyl sulfoxide is expected to slowly volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. The available biodegradation screening tests have conflicting results, but based on available data and weight-of-evidence approach, dimethyl sulfoxide is expected to be inherently biodegradable in soil and water. 
Dimethyl sulfoxide occurs widely at levels of 3 ppm or less. It has been isolated from spearmint oil, corn, barley, malt, alfalfa, beets, cabbage, cucumbers, oats, onion, Swiss chard, tomatoes, raspberries, beer, coffee, milk, and tea. Dimethyl sulfoxide is a common constituent of natural waters, and it occurs in seawater in the zone of light penetration where it may represent a product of algal metabolism. Its occurrence in rainwater may result from the oxidation of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide, which occurs as part of the natural transfer of sulfur of biological origin.

DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH₃)₂SO. It is a colorless liquid and is a powerful solvent. It dissolves both polar and non-polar compounds. This property makes the Dimethyl sulfoxide miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water.

Sigma Aldrich Dimethyl Sulfoxide Lewis Structure
Dimethyl sulfoxide is a potent solvent because of its highly polar nature. Dimethyl sulfoxide works with ionic compounds, certain salts, and non-ionic compounds. 

General description
Dimethyl Sulfoxide is an apolar protic solvent that is generally used as a reaction medium and reagent in organic reactions.

Application
Dimethyl Sulfoxide may be used as an oxidant for the conversion of isonitriles into isocyanates. Dimethyl sulfoxide activated by oxalyl chloride can be used in the oxidation of long-chain alcohols to carbonyls.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide, or dimethyl sulfoxide, is a by-product of papermaking. It comes from a substance found in wood.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide has been used as an industrial solvent since the mid-1800s. From about the mid-20th century, researchers have explored its use as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide is easily absorbed by the skin. It's sometimes used to increase the body's absorption of other medications.

Dimethylsulfoxide is an agent with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, including membrane penetration, anti-inflammatory effects, local analgesia, and weak bacteriostasis. The principal use of dimethylsulfoxide is as a vehicle for other drugs, thereby enhancing the effect of the drug, and aiding the penetration of other drugs into the skin. Dimethylsulfoxide has been given orally, intravenously, or topically for a wide range of indications. It is also given by bladder installation in the symptomatic relief of interstitial cystitis and is used as a cryoprotectant for various human tissues.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an organic solvent in which some secondary metabolites may be dissolved. Unlike most other organic solvents, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) does not evaporate rapidly at ambient temperature. This is convenient for analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in which the analyte must be in the liquid phase. IR spectroscopy, however, is often performed on a sample in which the solvent has been allowed to evaporate. Although it is best to dissolve the metabolite of interest in a solvent that is volatile at ambient temperature, there may be metabolites for which Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the only practical solvent. To properly interpret IR data for a metabolite in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a spectrum of the solvent without metabolite must also be recorded. A data-analysis program may then be used to subtract the spectrum of the solvent from the spectrum of the metabolite dissolved in the solvent.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide is a prescription medicine and dietary supplement. It can be taken by mouth, applied to the skin (used topically), or injected into the veins.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide is taken by mouth, used topically, or given intravenously for the management of amyloidosis and related symptoms. Amyloidosis is a condition in which certain proteins are deposited abnormally in organs and tissues.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide is used topically to decrease pain and speed the healing of wounds, burns, and muscle and skeletal injuries. Dimethyl Sulfoxide is also used topically to treat painful conditions such as headache, inflammation, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and severe facial pain called tic douloureux. It is used topically for eye conditions including cataracts, glaucoma, and problems with the retina; for foot conditions including bunions, calluses, and fungus on toenails; and for skin conditions including keloid scars and scleroderma. It is sometimes used topically to treat skin and tissue damage caused by chemotherapy when it leaks from the IV that is used to deliver it. Dimethyl Sulfoxide is used either alone or in combination with a drug called idoxuridine to treat pain associated with shingles (herpes zoster infection).

Intravenously, Dimethyl Sulfoxide is used to lower abnormally high blood pressure in the brain. It is also given intravenously to treat bladder infections (interstitial cystitis) and chronic inflammatory bladder disease. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved certain Dimethyl Sulfoxide products for placement inside the bladder to treat symptoms of chronic inflammatory bladder disease. Dimethyl Sulfoxide is sometimes placed inside bile ducts with other medications to treat bile duct stones.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a small molecule with polar, aprotic and amphiphilic properties. It serves as a solvent for many polar and nonpolar molecules and continues to be one of the most used solvents (vehicle) in medical applications and scientific research. 

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); C2H6OS) is a small amphipathic organic molecule with a hydrophilic sulfoxide group and two hydrophobic methyl groups. Being also aprotic, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) tends to accept rather than donate protons. It can solubilize a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds at high concentrations. This, as well as its apparent low toxicity, has made Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to be accepted as a “universal solvent” that is widely used as a vehicle in scientific research, drug screening settings and biomedical applications. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is also a commonly used cryoprotectant to protect cells from ice crystal-induced mechanical injury

Roles Classification 

Chemical Roles: 
Polar aprotic solvent: A solvent with a comparatively high relative permittivity (or dielectric constant), greater than ca. 15, and a sizable permanent dipole moment, that cannot donate suitably labile hydrogen atoms to form strong hydrogen bonds.
Radical scavenger: A role played by a substance that can react readily with, and thereby eliminate, radicals.

Biological Roles:
Alkylating agent: Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases.

Application
polar aprotic solvent: A solvent with a comparatively high relative permittivity (or dielectric constant), greater than ca. 15, and a sizable permanent dipole moment, that cannot donate suitably labile hydrogen atoms to form strong hydrogen bonds.
non-narcotic analgesic: A drug that has principally analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Non-narcotic analgesics do not bind to opioid receptors.
antidote: Any protective agent counteracting or neutralizing the action of poisons.
MRI contrast agent

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used topically to decrease pain and speed the healing of wounds, burns, and muscle and skeletal injuries. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is also used topically to treat painful conditions such as headache, inflammation, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and severe facial pain called tic douloureux. It is used topically for eye conditions including cataracts, glaucoma, and problems with the retina; for foot conditions including bunions, calluses, and fungus on toenails; and for skin conditions including keloid scars and scleroderma. It is sometimes used topically to treat skin and tissue damage caused by chemotherapy when it leaks from the IV that is used to deliver it.

Intravenously, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used to lower abnormally high blood pressure in the brain. It is also given intravenously to treat bladder infections (interstitial cystitis) and chronic inflammatory bladder disease. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved certain Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) products for placement inside the bladder to treat symptoms of chronic inflammatory bladder disease. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is sometimes placed inside bile ducts with other medications to treat bile duct stones.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (abbreviated DMSO) is a sulfur-containing organic compound; molecule formula: (CH3) 2SO; It exhibits as colorless, odorless, hygroscopic, and flammable transparent liquid at room temperature. It has both high polarities as well as a high-boiling point. It also has aprotic and water-miscible characteristics. It has low toxicity, good thermal stability, and is not miscible with paraffin. It is soluble in water, ethanol, propanol, ether, benzene and chloroform and many other kinds of organic substance and is called the "universal solvent." It is a common organic solvent that has the strongest dissolving ability. It can dissolve most organic compounds including carbohydrates, polymers, peptides, as well as many inorganic salts and gases. It can dissolve a certain amount of solute whose weight equals to 50-60% of itself (other common solvents usually only dissolve 10-20%), so it is very important in the sample management as well as high-speed screening of drugs. Under certain conditions, contact between dimethyl sulfoxide and chloride can even lead to explosive reaction.
dimethyl sulfoxide is widely used as solvents and reagents, particularly as the processing reagent and spinning solvent at the reaction of acrylonitrile polymerization used for polyurethane synthesis and the spinning solvent. It can also be used as the synthetic solvent for polyamide, polyimide and polysulfone resin as well as the extraction solvents for aromatic hydrocarbon and butadiene extraction solvents and solvents for synthesizing chlorofluoroaniline. 

Uses
1. It can be used for the extraction of arene, also as the reaction medium used for resins and dyes, and applied to acrylic polymerization and spinning solvent.
2. It can be used as an organic solvent, reaction medium and the intermediates of organic synthesis. It is highly versatile. This product has a highly selective extraction capacity and can be used as the polymerization and condensation solvent of acrylic resin and polysulfone resin, as the polymerization and spinning solvent of polyacrylonitrile and cellulose acetate, as the extraction solvent for separating alkanes and arenes, and as the reaction medium for the arenes, butadiene extraction, acrylic fiber, plastic solvents, organic and synthetic dyes, and pharmaceuticals industries. In the field of medicine, dimethyl sulfoxide has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects with a strong capability of penetration through the skin, and thus being able to dissolve certain drugs and boost their penetration into the human body to achieve therapeutic purposes. Taking this carrier property of dimethyl sulfoxide can make it be used as pesticide additives. Adding a small amount of dimethyl sulfoxide in some pesticides can facilitate the penetration of pesticides into the plant in order to improve the efficacy. dimethyl sulfoxide can also be used as the dye solvent, dye removing agent, and dye carrier for the synthetic fibers. It can also be used as the absorbent of recycling acetylene and sulfur dioxide and also the modifiers of synthetic fiber, antifreeze agent and the capacitor dielectric, brake oil, and extractant of the rare metals.
3. It can be used as analytic solvents and fixing agent of gas chromatography as well as the solvent for analyzing UV spectra.

Production method
Dimethyl sulfoxide is generally made by using the dimethyl sulfide oxidation method. They have different production processes due to the different oxidants and oxidation types. 
1. Methanol carbon disulfide method; take carbon disulfide and methanol as raw materials and use γ-Al2O3 as the catalyst; first synthesize the dimethyl sulfide, then have oxidation reaction with nitrogen dioxide (or nitrate) to obtain dimethyl sulfoxide. 
2. The hydrogen peroxide method: take acetone as the buffer medium to have dimethyl sulfide be reacted with hydrogen peroxide. This method of dimethyl sulfoxide synthesis has a relatively high cost and thus is suitable for large-scale production. 
3. The method of nitrogen dioxide: have methanol and hydrogen sulfide dimethyl sulfide reacted in the catalysis of γ-alumina to obtain dimethyl sulfide; have sulfate reacted with sodium nitrite to generate nitrogen dioxide; dimethyl sulfide has gas-liquid phase reaction with nitrogen dioxide at 60-80 °C to produce crude dimethyl sulfoxide. Sometimes people also use oxygen for direct oxidation which also generates the crude dimethyl sulfoxide. Then after vacuum distillation, refine to get the finished product of dimethyl sulfoxide. This method is a relatively advanced production method. 
4. Dimethyl sulfate method: apply dimethyl sulfate to react with sodium sulfide to obtain dimethyl sulfide; sulfate has a reaction with sodium nitrite to generate nitrogen dioxide; dimethyl sulfide is oxidized with nitrogen dioxide to generate the crude dimethyl sulfoxide, and then undergo neutralization and distillation to obtain refined dimethyl sulfoxide product. In addition, the anodic oxidation method can also produce dimethyl sulfoxide via dimethyl sulfide.

Reported found in apple, raspberry, cabbage, cucumber, onion, tomato, peppermint, spearmint oils, milk, pork liver, beer, rum, cocoa, coffee, black tea, oatmeal, soybean, beetroot, parsnip root.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a polar aprotic solvent used in chemical reactions, in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and as a cryoprotectant vitrification agent for the preservation of cells, tissues and organs. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used in cell freezing media to protect cells from ice-crystal-induced mechanical injury. It is used for frozen storage of primary, sub-cultured, and recombinant heteroploid and hybridoma cell lines; embryonic stem cells (ESC), and hematopoietic stem cells. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is frequently used in combinations with BSA or fetal bovine serum (FBS).

Dimethyl sulfoxide (1-10%) has been shown to accelerate strand renaturation and is believed to give the nucleic acid thermal stability against depurination. As a PCR cosolvent, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) may help improve yields, especially in long PCR.

A polar aprotic solvent used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and as a cryoprotectant vitrification agent for the preservation of cells, tissues and organs.

Solvent for many organic compounds including fats, carbohydrates, dyes, resins, and polymers. In organic reactions. As antifreeze or hydraulic fluid when mixed with water. To cryopreserve and store cultured cells.

Chemical Properties
Dimethyl sulfoxide occurs as a colorless, viscous liquid, or as colorless crystals that are miscible with water, alcohol, and ether. The material has a slightly bitter taste with a sweet aftertaste, and is odorless, or has a slight odor characteristic of dimethyl sulfoxide. Dimethyl sulfoxide is extremely hygroscopic, absorbing up to 70% of its own weight in water with the evolution of heat.

Industrial uses
Dimethyl sulfoxide, a product of an oxidation reaction on dimethyl sulfide, contains a very polar sulfoxide functional group. This highly polar functional group enables Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to form complexes with many metal ions, to act as a reaction medium for synthetic reactions, and to dissolve a large number of organic resins and polymers.
Dimethyl sulfoxide is more viscous than many organic solvents and has a rather high surface tension value of 42.3 dynes/cm. The most outstanding property of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is its very high polarity character.
Dimethyl sulfoxide is used as a reaction solvent in the polymerization of acrylonitrile with a vinyl monomer (e.g., styrene). The reaction of diisocyanates and polyols or polyamines dissolved in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) yield solutions of the polyurethanes. Mixtures of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water are used as a spinning solvent for polymer fibers. Polyaryl ether polymers are formed from Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions containing the reactants bis(4,4-chlorophenyl sulfone) and the disodium salt of dihydroxyphenol.
Dimethyl sulfoxide is a favored solvent for displacement reactions in synthetic chemistry. The rates of reaction in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are many times faster than in alcohol or aqueous medium. Dimethyl sulfoxide is the solvent of choice in reactions where proton (hydrogen atom) removal is the rate-determining step. Reactions of this type include olefin isomerizations and reactions where an elimination process produces an olefin. Another application that uses Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is its use as an extraction solvent to separate olefins from saturated paraffin. Several binary and ternary solvent systems containing Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an amine (e.g., methylamine), sulfur trioxide, carbon disulfide/amine, or sulfur trioxide/ammonia are used to dissolve cellulose and act as spinning baths for the production of cellulose fibers. 

Dimethyl urea is derived from urea by replacing one of the hydrogen atoms with a methyl group (-CH3).
Dimethyl urea is soluble in water and organic solvents like ethanol and acetone.
Dimethyl urea is primarily used as a reagent in organic synthesis and as a starting material for the production of various chemicals.

CAS Number: 96-31-1



APPLICATIONS


Dimethyl urea is widely used as a reagent and intermediate in organic synthesis.
Dimethyl urea finds application in the pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis of various drug compounds.
Dimethyl urea is employed in the production of agrochemicals such as herbicides and fungicides.

Dimethyl urea is used as a cross-linking agent in the formulation of resins and coatings.
Dimethyl urea is utilized as a curing agent in adhesives and sealants.

Dimethyl urea can be incorporated as an additive in polymers to enhance their properties.
Dimethyl urea is used in the textile industry to improve dye absorption and color fastness.
Dimethyl urea finds application in personal care products as a moisturizer and conditioning agent.

Dimethyl urea is employed in the formulation of paints and pigments for desired color properties.
Dimethyl urea can be used as an additive in fuel formulations to improve combustion efficiency.

Dimethyl urea is utilized in adhesive removers to dissolve adhesive residues.
Dimethyl urea acts as a humectant in skincare products to retain moisture.

Dimethyl urea is used as an additive in electrolytes for batteries and supercapacitors.
Dimethyl urea finds application as a softening agent in textile finishing processes.

Dimethyl urea is employed as a biocide in water treatment applications to control microbial growth.
Dimethyl urea can be incorporated into anti-corrosion coatings to protect metal surfaces.

Dimethyl urea acts as a solvent or reaction medium in certain chemical reactions.
Dimethyl urea is used in the modification of resins to improve their properties.

Dimethyl urea is employed in the formulation of waterborne coatings as an eco-friendly alternative.
Dimethyl urea has been studied for its potential use in gas storage materials.

Dimethyl urea finds application in the production of specialty chemicals and fine chemicals.
Dimethyl urea is used in the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
Dimethyl urea is employed in the formulation of printing inks and dyes.

Dimethyl urea is utilized in the production of polyurethane foams and elastomers.
Dimethyl urea finds application in the manufacturing of analytical reagents and laboratory chemicals.

Dimethyl urea is used in the production of specialty resins and adhesives.
Dimethyl urea finds application in the synthesis of polymeric materials for the construction industry.
Dimethyl urea is utilized in the formulation of water-based paints and varnishes.

Dimethyl urea is employed in the production of textile printing pastes and dyes.
Dimethyl urea is used as a chemical additive in the formulation of concrete and cementitious materials.

Dimethyl urea finds application as a stabilizer in the formulation of agricultural fertilizers.
Dimethyl urea can be used as a catalyst or co-catalyst in certain chemical reactions.

Dimethyl urea is employed as a corrosion inhibitor in metal surface treatment processes.
Dimethyl urea is used in the formulation of heat transfer fluids and antifreeze solutions.

Dimethyl urea finds application as a plasticizer in the production of flexible PVC products.
Dimethyl urea is employed as a reducing agent in certain chemical processes.

Dimethyl urea can be used as a solvent or extractant in various industrial applications.
Dimethyl urea is utilized as a preservative in personal care products and cosmetics.

Dimethyl urea finds application as a cleaning agent in certain industrial processes.
Dimethyl urea is employed in the synthesis of specialty polymers and copolymers.
Dimethyl urea is used as a flame retardant in the production of fire-resistant materials.

Dimethyl urea finds application in the formulation of printing inks for various substrates.
Dimethyl urea can be utilized as a stabilizer or anti-aging agent in rubber products.

Dimethyl urea is employed as a cross-linking agent in the production of water-based coatings.
Dimethyl urea finds application in the formulation of inkjet inks and toners.

Dimethyl urea is used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates and fine chemicals.
Dimethyl urea can be employed as a component in heat transfer fluids for thermal management.
Dimethyl urea finds application in the production of specialty polymers for electronics.

Dimethyl urea is utilized in the formulation of specialty solvents and cleaning agents.
Dimethyl urea finds application in the production of catalysts and catalytic systems for chemical processes.


Dimethyl urea finds various applications across different industries.
Here are some common applications of dimethyl urea:

Organic Synthesis:
Dimethyl urea is used as a reagent and building block in organic synthesis reactions.
Dimethyl urea can participate in various chemical transformations to produce a wide range of compounds.

Pharmaceutical Industry:
Dimethyl urea is employed as a starting material or intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds.
Dimethyl urea can be used in the production of drugs, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and other pharmaceutical products.

Agrochemicals:
Dimethyl urea is utilized in the manufacturing of agrochemicals such as herbicides, fungicides, and plant growth regulators.
Dimethyl urea can contribute to the development of effective and environmentally friendly agricultural products.

Resins and Coatings:
Dimethyl urea is employed as a cross-linking agent or curing agent in the production of resins and coatings.
Dimethyl urea enhances the durability, adhesion, and chemical resistance of these materials.

Polymer Additives:
Dimethyl urea can be used as an additive in polymers and plastics to improve their properties.
Dimethyl urea can enhance the thermal stability, flame retardancy, and processing characteristics of the materials.

Adhesives and Sealants:
Dimethyl urea is utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to provide improved bonding strength and adhesion.
Dimethyl urea contributes to the performance and longevity of these products.

Textile Chemicals:
Dimethyl urea finds application in the textile industry as a chemical additive.
Dimethyl urea can be used in textile processing to enhance dye absorption, improve color fastness, and provide other desired textile properties.

Personal Care Products:
Dimethyl urea is sometimes incorporated into personal care products such as hair care formulations, skin creams, and cosmetics.
Dimethyl urea can act as a conditioning agent, moisturizer, or preservative in these products.

Paints and Pigments:
Dimethyl urea can be used in the formulation of paints, coatings, and pigments.
Dimethyl urea helps in achieving desired color properties, stability, and performance of these products.

Fuel Additives:
Dimethyl urea is employed as an additive in certain fuels to improve their combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and enhance fuel stability.

Adhesive Removers:
Dimethyl urea can be utilized as an active ingredient in adhesive removers.
Dimethyl urea helps dissolve and remove adhesive residues from various surfaces.

Humectant:
Dimethyl urea can act as a humectant, which means it helps to retain moisture in certain products.
Dimethyl urea is used in skincare and cosmetic formulations to provide hydration and prevent dryness.

Electrolyte Additive:
Dimethyl urea is employed as an additive in electrolytes for electrochemical devices such as batteries and supercapacitors.
Dimethyl urea helps improve electrolyte conductivity and stability.

Textile Softeners:
Dimethyl urea finds application as a softening agent in textile finishing processes.
Dimethyl urea can impart a soft and smooth feel to fabrics, enhancing their comfort and touch.

Water Treatment:
Dimethyl urea is used in water treatment applications as a biocide or algicide.
Dimethyl urea helps control the growth of algae, bacteria, and other microorganisms in water systems.

Anti-corrosion Coatings:
Dimethyl urea can be incorporated into anti-corrosion coatings to provide protection against the degradation of metal surfaces caused by environmental factors.

Solvent for Chemical Reactions:
Dimethyl urea can act as a solvent or reaction medium in certain chemical reactions.
Dimethyl urea helps facilitate the reaction process and solubilize reactants.

Resin Modification:
Dimethyl urea is employed in the modification of resins to improve their properties such as flexibility, adhesion, and curing characteristics.

Waterborne Coatings:
Dimethyl urea is used in the formulation of waterborne coatings, which are environmentally friendly alternatives to solvent-based coatings.
Dimethyl urea helps stabilize the coating system and enhance its performance.

Gas Storage Materials:
Dimethyl urea has been investigated for its potential use in gas storage materials, particularly in capturing and releasing gases like carbon dioxide and hydrogen.



DESCRIPTION


Dimethyl urea is a chemical compound with the molecular formula (CH3)2NCONH2.
Dimethyl urea is also known by its systematic name N,N-dimethylurea.
Dimethyl urea is a white crystalline solid that belongs to the class of urea derivatives.

Dimethyl urea is derived from urea by replacing one of the hydrogen atoms with a methyl group (-CH3).
Dimethyl urea is soluble in water and organic solvents like ethanol and acetone.
Dimethyl urea is primarily used as a reagent in organic synthesis and as a starting material for the production of various chemicals.

Dimethyl urea is a white crystalline solid with a faint odor.
Dimethyl urea has a chemical formula of (CH3)2NCONH2.

Dimethyl urea is derived from urea by substituting one of the hydrogen atoms with a methyl group.
Dimethyl urea has a molecular weight of approximately 90.1 grams per mole.
Dimethyl urea has a melting point of around 103-104 degrees Celsius.

Dimethyl urea is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone.
Dimethyl urea exhibits a moderate level of stability under normal conditions.

Dimethyl urea is relatively non-toxic and has low environmental impact.
Dimethyl urea is used as a reagent in organic synthesis and various chemical reactions.

Dimethyl urea can act as a methylating agent in certain reactions.
Dimethyl urea is often employed as a precursor for the synthesis of other chemicals.

Dimethyl urea can undergo reactions such as hydrolysis and condensation.
Dimethyl urea finds applications in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
Dimethyl urea can be used as a stabilizer or additive in polymer formulations.

Dimethyl urea exhibits good compatibility with various organic solvents and resins.
Dimethyl urea may act as a formaldehyde scavenger in certain formulations.

Dimethyl urea is a versatile compound that can participate in a wide range of chemical transformations.
Dimethyl urea has been studied for its potential as a corrosion inhibitor in certain systems.

Dimethyl urea can contribute to the improvement of product properties in certain applications.
Dimethyl urea is important to handle dimethyl urea with appropriate safety precautions and follow good laboratory practices.

Dimethyl urea should be stored in a cool, dry place away from sources of heat and ignition.
Dimethyl urea should be kept away from strong oxidizing agents and incompatible materials.
Proper ventilation is necessary when working with dimethyl urea to prevent inhalation of vapors.

In case of skin or eye contact, immediate rinsing with water is recommended, and medical attention should be sought if necessary.
Dimethyl urea should be used and disposed of in accordance with local regulations and guidelines.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: (CH3)2NCONH2
Molecular Weight: 90.1 grams per mole
Physical State: Solid
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Odor: Faint odor
Melting Point: Approximately 103-104 degrees Celsius
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: 1.08 grams per cubic centimeter
Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone
pH Level: Typically neutral
Flash Point: Not applicable (solid form)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Autoignition Temperature: Not determined
Stability: Relatively stable under normal conditions
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases
Flammability: Non-flammable
Explosion Hazard: Not considered explosive
Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur
Heat of Combustion: Not determined
Toxicity: Relatively low toxicity; considered to have low environmental impact
Biodegradability: Biodegradable under certain conditions
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive
Viscosity: Not applicable (solid form)
Electrical Conductivity: Insulator
Hygroscopicity: Low hygroscopicity



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen and seek medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration and seek immediate medical help.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected area gently with mild soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist.
Wash contaminated clothing thoroughly before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with plenty of water, ensuring to remove any contact lenses if possible.
Keep the affected person's eyelids open during rinsing to ensure thorough irrigation.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if initial discomfort or irritation subsides.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and spit out the solution.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical professionals.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide the details of the product ingested.

Additional First Aid Measures:

If symptoms of exposure persist or worsen, seek medical attention.
Provide supportive care as necessary, treating symptoms individually.
Do not administer any medication unless instructed by medical professionals.
Be prepared to provide information to medical personnel regarding the exact product, its composition, and the nature of the exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:

Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling dimethyl urea, including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.
Ensure that PPE is resistant to chemicals and is in good condition.

Ventilation:

Use the substance in well-ventilated areas or under local exhaust ventilation to maintain air quality and prevent the buildup of vapors or dust.
Avoid inhalation of dust or vapors by using respiratory protection if necessary.

Avoid Direct Contact:

Minimize skin contact with dimethyl urea. In case of contact, promptly wash the affected area with water and soap.
Avoid eye contact.
In case of accidental splashes, immediately flush the eyes with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.

Safe Handling Practices:

Follow good industrial hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing, avoiding ingestion or smoking while handling the substance, and maintaining cleanliness in the work area.
Prevent the generation of dust by using appropriate containment measures, such as dust collection systems or wet sweeping methods.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store dimethyl urea in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Keep the substance in tightly sealed containers or original packaging to prevent moisture absorption or contamination.

Temperature and Humidity:
Maintain storage temperature within the specified range, typically at ambient temperature.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures and humidity, as it may affect the stability and quality of the substance.

Compatibility:
Store dimethyl urea away from incompatible substances, including strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases.
Follow appropriate segregation measures to prevent accidental mixing or reactions.

Labeling and Identification:
Clearly label storage containers with the name of the substance, hazard warnings, and relevant safety information.
Store dimethyl urea away from food, beverages, and animal feed to prevent accidental ingestion.

Handling of Bulk Quantities:
Follow local regulations and guidelines for the storage and handling of bulk quantities of dimethyl urea.
Implement appropriate safety measures, such as fire suppression systems, spill containment measures, and emergency response procedures.



SYNONYMS


N,N'-Dimethylurea
Urea, N,N'-dimethyl-
Dimethylcarbamide
Dimethylurea
N,N'-Dimethylcarbamide
Dimethyl carbamide
Dimethyl ureide
N,N'-Dimethyloxalamide
NSC 15340
UNII-HIE24C0Z1D
AI3-52212
AC1L1HH4
10237-26-0
BRN 0625332
CCRIS 5649
ZINC2168033
EINECS 202-902-1
MFCD00007912
AKOS BBS-00004324
NSC15340
U-1930
UN 3077
UNII-HIE24C0Z1D
BRN 0625332
FEMA No. 3625
N,N'-Dimethylurea
Urea, dimethyl-
Urea, 1,3-dimethyl-
Dimethylcarbamoylamine
Dimethylamidocarbamide
Dimethylamidourea
Dimethylcarbamide
N,N'-Dimethylcarbamide
Carbamide, N,N'-dimethyl-
Dimethyl ureide
Dimethylisourea
Dimethyl-urea
NSC 15340
UNII: HIE24C0Z1D
AI3-52212
AC1L1HH4
10237-26-0
BRN 0625332
CCRIS 5649
ZINC2168033
EINECS 202-902-1
MFCD00007912
AKOS BBS-00004324
NSC15340
U-1930

DIMETHYLAMINO METHYLPROPANOL, N° CAS : 7005-47-2, Nom INCI : DIMETHYLAMINO METHYLPROPANOL, Nom chimique : 2-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-1-ol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 230-279-6, Ses fonctions (INCI). Anticorrosif : Empêche la corrosion de l'emballage

DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL TARTRATE, N° CAS : 29870-28-8; 5988-51-2, Nom INCI : DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL TARTRATE. Nom chimique : Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate . Ses fonctions (INCI) : Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

EC / List no.: 203-542-8
CAS no.: 108-01-0
Mol. formula: C4H11NO
Molar mass: 89.14 g·mol−1

Dimethylaminoethanol = Dimethylethanolamine = DMAE = DMEEA = N,N-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL = 2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL = DMEOA
Chemical synonyms: N,N-Dimethylethanolamine; Dimethylethanolamine; Deanol; DMEA; N,N-Dimethyl-2-Hydroxyethylamine; N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethanolamine


2-DIMETHYLAMINO-ETHANOL
2-dimethylaminoethanol
2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL
2-dimethylaminoethanol
2-dimethylaminoethanol
N,N-dimethylethanolamine
Deanol
dimethylaminoethanol
DMEA
DMAE
2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol


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Main Applications: flocculating agent, ion-exchange resin, urethane catalyst


Dimethylaminoethanol is a clear to pale-yellow liquid used as a curing agent for polyurethanes and epoxy resins, in water treatment, and in the synthesis of various products.
Dimethylethanolamine (DMAE or DMEA) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH. It is bifunctional, containing both a tertiary amine and primary alcohol functional groups. It is a colorless viscous liquid. It is used in skin care products for improving skin tone and also taken orally as a nootropic. It is prepared by the ethoxylation of dimethylamine.

Dimethylaminoethanol, also known as dimethylethanolamine (DMAE and DMEA respectively), is a primary alcohol.
This compound also goes by the names of N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoethanol, beta-dimethylaminoethyl alcohol, beta-hydroxyethyldimethylamine and Deanol.
Dimethylaminoethanol is a transparent, pale-yellow liquid.

Dimethylaminoethanol is used as a curing agent for polyurethanes and epoxy resins; used as a chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, and emulsifiers; also used as an additive to boiler water, paint removers, and amino resins; [HSDB] Has been used therapeutically as a CNS stimulant; [Merck Index # 2843]
Dimethylethanolamine, also known as Dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA and DMAE respectively), is an organic compound which is industrially produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide with dimethylamine.
Dimethylaminoethanol contains both an amine group and a hydroxyl group, and can therefore react as as an amine or an alcohol. It is a transparent, pale-yellow liquid

Dimethylaminoethanol is used as a catalyst, corrosion inhibitor, additive to paint removers/boiler, water/amino resins and it is used in cosmetic and biomedical products.


N,N-dimethylethanolamine is a tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.
N,N-dimethylethanolamine has a role as a curing agent and a radical scavenger.
N,N-dimethylethanolamine is a tertiary amine and a member of ethanolamines.

Dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) is an amino alcohol, organic compound. It is obtained in industry by synthesis of ethylene oxide and dimethylamine.

Dimethylethanolamine is a transparent, slightly yellow liquid. It is miscible with water, acetone, ether, and benzene.

Dimethylethanolamine is used as a curing agent for epoxy resins and polyurethanes.
It is also used in the intermediate synthesis of dyestuffs, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and corrosion inhibitors. Another application is an emulsifier in paints and coatings.



The main areas for dimethylethanolamine application are: the production of initial monomers for water treatment, as a catalyst for polyurethane foam and ion exchange resins. In addition, DMEA is used in the chemical, paint and varnish, pharmaceutical and textile industries.



USES of Dimethylaminoethanol:
Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) is commonly used substance in the formulation of cosmetics related to skin care application.
Its chemical formula is (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH.
Dimethylaminoethanol is prepared by the ethoxylation of dimethylamine.
Rising population and urbanization has boosted the demand for cosmetics products, thus driving the dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) market.
Dimethylethanolamine is a precursor to other chemicals, such as the nitrogen mustard 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride.
It ranges from colorless to slightly yellow liquid with an amine-like odor.
Dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA) is extensively utilized in the water treatment industry.
Dimethylaminoethanol is also used as a polyurethane catalyst in coatings applications and as an intermediate in textile chemicals, ion exchange resins, and emulsifying agents.
DMEA is also employed in the pharmaceutical industry as a supplement form to boost brain health by raising acetylcholine levels.




INDUSTRIAL USES of Dimethylaminoethanol :
Dimethylaminoethanol is used as a curing agent for polyurethanes and epoxy resins.
Dimethylaminoethanol is also used in mass quantities for water treatment, and to some extent in the coatings industry.
Dimethylaminoethanol is used in the synthesis of dyestuffs, textile auxiliaries, pharmaceuticals, emulsifiers, and corrosion inhibitors.
Dimethylaminoethanol is also an additive to paint removers, boiler water and amino resins.
Dimethylaminoethanol forms a number of salts with melting points below room temperature (ionic liquids) such as N,N-dimethylethanolammonium acetate and N,N-dimethylethanolammonium octanoate, which have been used as alternatives to conventional solvents.



Dimethylaminoethanol in Water Treatment Industry:
Dimethylaminoethanol is a neutralizing amine.
Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) effectively neutralizes the condensate without resulting in appreciable deposit formation.
Organic amines are corrosion control agents that increase pH and scavenge corrosive contaminants.
Dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), for example, is a common corrosion inhibitor that eliminates dissolved CO2 and helps control pH in industrial boilers and nuclear power plants.
Amines are also effective as hydrogen sulfide scavengers in oil and gas production and processing.
On-site monitoring for amines can help maintain appropriate corrosion protection, extending system lifetime and avoiding costly corrosion-induced shutdowns and failures.


N,N-dimethylethanolamine has role curing agent
N,N-dimethylethanolamine has role radical scavenger
N,N-dimethylethanolamine is a ethanolamines
N,N-dimethylethanolamine is a tertiary amine


2-Dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride is an intermediate made from dimethylaminoethanol that is widely used for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.

Flocculants: DMAE is a key intermediate in the production of dimethylaminoethyl-(meth)acrylate. The water-soluble polymers produced from this ester, mostly by copolymerisation with acrylamide, are useful as flocculents.
Pulp and paper chemicals: The dry strength or wet strength of paper is increased by adding a homopolymer of dimethylaminoethyl(meth)acrylate to the unbleached kraft paper.
Ion exchange resins: Anion exchange resins can be prepared by reacting tertiary amines like DMAE or trimethylamine with the chloromethylated vinyl or styrene resin.
Increased exchange capacity is obtained by reacting a cross-linked polymer, containing haloalkyl functions, with an amine.
The anion exchange membranes are aminated with DMAE.

Polyurethane: In the production of PU foam for insulating purposes, the use of DMAE is a practical and effective way of reducing the total formula cost.



Resins

Epoxy
DMAE is an effective and versatile curing agent for epoxy resins. It also acts as viscosity reducing agent for resinous polyamides and other viscous hardeners.
DMAE is also an extremely good wetting agent for various filters in epoxy formulations.
DMAE, also known as dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), is a curing agent for epoxy resins.

2-Dimethylaminoethanol is miscible with water, alcohols, ether, and aromatic solvents. It undergoes reactions typical of amines and alcohols. It is used in the preparation of waterborne (WB) coatings formulations.
Acrylic
DMAE improves the acid-dyeing properties of acrylonitrile polymers by copolymerisation of DMAE esters.



Water-soluble DMAE salts are used to improve the behaviour of coatings and films to make them water-resistant or provide specific desired sensitivity to water.
Textiles – leather: The acid-dyeing capability of polyacrylonitrile is improved by copolymerisation of the acrylonitrile with DMAE esters, such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate.
Cellulose modified with the homopolymer of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate can be dyed with ester salts of a leuco vat dye.
The impregnation of cellulose with polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate also improves the gas-fading resistance of the fabric.
Long-chain alkylphosphates of DMAE form anti-static agents for non-cellulosic hydrophobic textile materials.

Paints, coatings and inks: DMAE is excellent for neutralising free acidity in water-soluble coating resins. The resin can be acrylic, alkyd or styrene-maleic. DMAE is often preferred to triethylamine when lower volatility is required, as in electrodeposition. It also improves pigment wettability.
Some synthetic enamels with a metallic appearance can be prepared from dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate polymers.
In flexographic inks DMAE can be used to solubilize resins and inoxes.
The adhesion of latex coatings can be improved by copolymerisation of the acrylic monomers with dimethylaminoethyl acrylate.

Surfactants – detergents: Alkylethanolamine salts of anionic surfactants are generally much more soluble than the corresponding sodium salts, both in water and oil systems. DMAE can be an excellent starting material in the production of shampoos from fatty acids. The fatty acid soaps are especially effective as wax emulsifiers for water-resistant floor polishes.
DMAE titanates, zirconates and other group IV-A metal esters are useful as dispersing agents for polymers, hydrocarbons and waxes in aqueous or organic solvent systems.

Applications/uses
Paints & coatings




Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE): Application Segment
In terms of application, the global dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) market can be segmented into cleansing agent, antibacterial agent, flocculating agent, urethane catalyst, ion-exchange resin, emulsifying agent, and others
The cleansing agent segment is expected to account for a significant share of the global dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) market.
It is anticipated to be followed by the flocculating agent segment.
The ion-exchange resin segment is likely to expand at a rapid pace, due to the expansion of polymer industry around the globe

Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE): End-use Segment
In terms of end-use, the global dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) market can be segmented into pharmaceutical, chemical, cosmetics, and others
The cosmetics segment is estimated to expand at a rapid pace.
It is projected to be followed by the pharmaceutical industry segment.


Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE)
DMAE is a novel ingredient initially used in the treatment of hyperkinetic disorders and to improve memory.
It is now being used in cosmeceutical products, gaining popularity from its activity as a precursor to acetylcholine.
Initially utilized as a firming and anti-aging product, new functions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, have now been elucidated.
In vitro, DMAE inhibits IL-2 and IL-6 secretion in addition to its actions as a free radical scavenger.
Although the exact mechanism of action of DMAE is unclear, its acetylcholine-like functions increase contractility and cell adhesion in the epidermis and dermis, resulting in the appearance of firmer skin.




PHARMA USE OF DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
DMAE is also known as Dimethylethanolamine, 2-Dimethylaminoethanol or Deanol, is an analog of the vitamin B choline (N,N,N-trimethylethanolamine) and is a precursor of acetylcholine 1).
DMAE was thought to be a precursor for acetylcholine, has been tested for its efficacy in treating a variety of diseases possibly related to deficiencies of acetylcholine, including tardive dyskinesia, Alzheimer’s disease, amnesic disorders, age-related cognitive impairment, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette’s syndrome, autism and tardive dyskinesia with mixed results.
Three reported no benefit from DMAE treatment (tardive dyskinesia; cognitive dysfunction; Alzheimer’s disease).
Treatment with DMAE for tardive dyskinesia, a side effect of neuroleptic medications, was associated with serious cholinergic side effects: nasal and oral secretions, dyspnea, and respiratory failure 3).
DMAE was used in the treatment of one patient for a low-frequency action tremor.
This treatment was successful for ten years, until side effects of increasing neck pain and orofacial and respiratory dyskinesia occurred.
Treatment was discontinued, and it was concluded that the dyskinesia could be attributed to the effects of DMAE.
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials indicated that DMAE was no more effective than placebo in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.
Rather, there was a significantly increased risk of adverse events associated with the DMAE treatment.
Benefits from DMAE treatment were found in other studies evaluating DMAE’s ability to increase theta power or concentration.
DMAE has been also used as an ingredient in skin care, and in cognitive function- and mood-enhancing products.
Riker Laboratories’ prescription drug Deaner (Deanol p-acetamidobenzoate) was a U.S. prescription drug for more than 20 years until 1983 when it was withdrawn from the market.
Deaner (deanol p-acetamidobenzoate) was used to treat children with learning and behavior problems.
However, evidence of efficacy was insufficient (Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 2002).

In 1959, an Italian article described the use of Deaner in 50 children.
The brief review by CVS Pharmacy (undated) listed the indications for use of Deaner while it was FDA-approved as possibly effective.
The Merck Index, 13th edition, deanol monograph states that Riker’s preparation was patented in 1957.
Remington’s Practice of Pharmacy, 1961 edition 7) listed Deaner as an unofficial (i.e., not listed in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia or the National Formulary) psychomotor stimulant.
Doses of up to 900 mg/day had not been associated with any serious side effects. Oral doses for children with behavior problems were 75 mg/day to start with 75- to 150-mg/day maintenance doses.
Twenty-five years ago, the suggested average daily dose of deanol for adults with Huntington’s chorea was 1.0 to 1.5 g (3.7 to 5.6 mmol) 8).
The anti-inflammatory, analgesic composition Diclofenac-deanol is apparently available in dosages of 75 mg diclofenac and 15 mg deanol (Gerot Pharmazeutica, undated).

DMAE is hypothesized to increase the production of acetylcholine (a chemical that helps nerve cells transmit signals).
Since acetylcholine plays a key role in many brain functions, such as learning and memory, proponents claim that taking DMAE in supplement form may boost brain health by raising acetylcholine levels.1


Recently, a number of synthetic drugs used in a variety of therapeutic indications have been reported to have antiaging effects.
Among them, Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), an anologue of dietylaminoethanol, is a precursor of choline, which in turn allows the brain to optimize the production of acetylcholine that is a primary neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory.


Biochemical significance
Dimethylaminoethanol is related to choline and may be a biochemical precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, although this conclusion has been disputed based on a 1977 rat experiment.
It is commonly believed that dimethylaminoethanol is methylated to produce choline in the brain, but this has been shown not to be the case (in a rat experiment).
It is known that dimethylaminoethanol is processed by the liver into choline; however, in a rat experiment the choline molecule is charged and cannot pass the blood–brain barrier.
In the brain, DMAE is instead bound to phospholipids in place of choline to produce phosphatidyl-dimethylaminoethanol.
This is then incorporated into nerve membranes, increasing fluidity and permeability, and acting as an antioxidant.


Biomedical research
Short-term studies have shown an increase in vigilance and alertness with a positive influence on mood following administration of DMAE, vitamins, and minerals in individuals suffering from borderline emotional disturbance.
Research for ADHD has been promising, though inconclusive.
A study showed dimethylaminoethanol to decrease the average life span of aged quail.
Three other studies showed an increase in lifespan of mice

The bitartrate salt of DMAE, i.e. 2-dimethylaminoethanol (+)-bitartrate, is sold as a dietary supplement.
It is a white powder providing 37% DMAE.

The dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) market has been expanding significantly for the last few years. This can be primarily ascribed to a rise in the demand for ion exchange resins, emulsifying agents, and flocculating agent in end-use industries. DMAE acts as a good ingredient and plays an important role in addressing several issues associated with the cleansing and antibacterial properties in the cosmetic industry; hence, it is widely used in skin care products. Demand for urethane catalyst has been rising consistently for the last few years, which in turn is anticipated to boost the demand for DMAE.
Rise in demand for polyurethane is expected to create significant opportunities for urethane catalyst industries. Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) is an effective, economical amine catalyst for flexible and rigid polyurethane foams. Increase in demand for DMAE as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foam is expected to create lucrative opportunities for the dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) market



Translated names
2-(dimethylamino)ethan-1-ol (cs)
2-(dimetylamino)etanol (sk)
2-(dimetyloamino)etanol (pl)
2-dimethylaminoethanol (da)
2-Dimethylaminoethanol (de)
2-dimethylaminoethanol (nl)
2-dimetil-aminoetanol (hr)
2-dimetilaminoetanol (es)
2-dimetilaminoetanol (hu)
2-dimetilaminoetanol (pt)
2-dimetilaminoetanol (ro)
2-dimetilaminoetanol (sl)
2-dimetilaminoetanolis (lt)
2-dimetilaminoetanolo (it)
2-dimetilaminoetanols (lv)
2-dimetylaminoetanol (no)
2-dimetylaminoetanol (sv)
2-dimetyyliaminoetanoli (fi)
2-dimetüülaminoetanool (et)
2-diméthylaminoéthanol N,N-diméthyléthanolamine (fr)
2-διμεθυλαμινοαιθανόλ (el)
2-диметиламиноетанол (bg)
N,N-dimetil-etanolamin (hr)
N,N-dimethylethanolamin (cs)
N,N-Dimethylethanolamin (de)
N,N-dimetiletanolamin (hu)
N,N-dimetiletanolamin (sl)
N,N-dimetiletanolamina (ro)
N,N-dimetiletanolaminas (lt)
N,N-dimetiletanolamīns (lv)
N,N-dimetyletanolamín (sk)
N,N-dimetyloetanoloamina (pl)
N,N-dimetüületanoolamiin (et)
N,N-диметилетаноламин (bg)

CAS names
Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-



IUPAC names
2- Dimethylaminoethanol
2-(Dimethylamino) ethanol
2-(dimethylamino)-ethanol
2-(dimethylamino)ethan-1-ol
2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol
2-Dimethylaminoethanol
2-dimethylaminoethanol
2-Dimethylaminoethanol
2-dimethylaminoethanol
2-dimethylaminoethanol, DMAE
2-dimethylaminoethanol;
2-dimethylaminoethanol; N,N-dimethylethanolamine
Dimethylaminoethanol
DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL
Dimethylaminoethanol
Dimethylethanolamine
DMAE
DMAE - CM0564B
N,N-Dimethylethanolamine
N,N-dimethylethanolamine


Trade names
(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine
(Dimethylamino)ethanol
(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethanol
.beta.-(Dimethylamino)ethanol
.beta.-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol
.beta.-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine
2-(Dimethylamino)-1-ethanol
2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol
2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethanol
2-Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE)
Amietol M 21
Amietol M21
Bimanol
Deanol
Dimethol
Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
Dimethyl(hydroxyethyl)amine
Dimethylethanolamin
Dimethylethanolamine
Dimethylmonoethanolamine
DMAE
DMEA
Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)- (8CI, 9CI)
Kalpur P
Liparon
N,N-Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Dimethyl-.beta.-hydroxyethylamine
N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Dimethylethanolamine
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine
Norcholine
Propamine A
Texacat DME



AMIETOL M 21
B-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL ALCOHOL
BETA-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL
BETA-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL
BETA-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL ALCOHOL
BETA-HYDROXYETHYLDIMETHYLAMINE
BIMANOL
DEANOL
DIMETHOL
DIMETHYL(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE
DIMETHYL(HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE
(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL
2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL
2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHYL ALCOHOL
DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL
DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL, [CORROSIVE LIQUID]
2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL
DIMETHYLETHANOLAMINE
DIMETHYLMONOETHANOLAMINE
DMAE
(2-HYDROXYETHYL)DIMETHYLAMINE
KALPUR P
LIPARON
N,N-DIMETHYL(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE
N,N-DIMETHYL-2-AMINOETHANOL
N,N-DIMETHYL-2-HYDROXYETHYLAMINE
N,N-DIMETHYL-BETA-HYDROXYETHYLAMINE
N,N-DIMETHYL-N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE
N,N-DIMETHYL-N-(BETA-HYDROXYETHYL)AMINE
(N,N-DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL
2-(N,N-DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL
N,N-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL
N,N-DIMETHYLETHANOLAMINE
N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)DIMETHYLAMINE
N-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL
NORCHOLINE
PROPAMINE A
REXOLIN
TEXACAT DME
THANCAT DME


Global Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) Market, by Application

Cleansing Agent
Antibacterial Agent
Flocculating Agent
Emulsifying Agent
Ion-Exchange Resin
Epoxy Resin Hardener Ingredient



Global Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) Market, by End-use

Pharmaceutical
Chemical
Cosmetics
Construction


According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Screening Information Data Set estimates, 50% of the DMAE produced is used to make flocculants for wastewater treatment, 20% is used in the manufacture of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams and polyurethane lacquers, 20% is used in the manufacture of water-based paints and surface coatings, and the remaining 10% is used for ion exchange resins, pharmaceuticals, and corrosion inhibitor formulations.
DMAE is used for solubilization of water-insoluble resin components for water-based coatings, a process achieved by reaction of DMAE with the resins.
A 2001 article states that DMAE hemisuccinate is used with other chemicals to analyze blood for cholesterol and dehydrocholesterol

DMAE is released into water as a result of its use in the production of polyurethane, acrylates, ion exchange resins and flocculants, and pharmaceuticals.
Based on European estimates, approximately 75% of total DMAE is used in the production of polyurethane, acrylates, ion exchange resins and flocculants, and pharmaceuticals.
While DMAE is cross-linked in the production of polyurethane, resulting in minimal releases to water, up to 50% of the DMAE used in the preparation of ion exchange resins or flocculants may be released to water.
DMAE is also released into the environment as a component of corrosion inhibitor formulations, paints, and surface coatings.
Sealants, architectural coatings, coatings on furniture and cabinets, polyurethane foam cushions, and carpets may emit DMAE in homes, commercial buildings, and vehicles



Industrial uses
Coatings Dimethylaminoethanol is used for solubilization of water-insoluble resin components for water-based coatings (ATOFINA Chemicals, Inc., 2000), a process achieved by reaction of Dimethylaminoethanol with the resins (Huntsman Corp., 1997).
Water-based Dimethylaminoethanol coatings are used on aluminum cans (Dow, 2001a).
In an extensive survey of architectural coatings by the California Air Resources Board (CARB, 1999), Dimethylaminoethanol was ranked 77th by weight in a list of 88 ingredients commonly found in waterborne coatings.
It ranked 165th by weight among 186 ingredients used in waterborne or organic-solvent-based coatings.
A recent French study of about 30 water-based paint formulations available to vehiclemanufacturers all contained glycol ethers, N-methylpyrrolidone, [N-methylpyrrolidinone], andalkanolamines (Dimethylaminoethanol was mentioned as an example) (Jargot et al., 1999).
Dimethylaminoethanol hemisuccinate is named in a patent for organic polymers made from isocyanates to makecathodic electrocoating [Desoto, Inc., U.S.A.] (Lin, 1982), and Dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate was part of anaqueous cathodic coating composition to which maleic acid was added to reduce discoloration bymetal ions [PPG Industries, Inc., U.S.A.] (Lucas, 1983).
Dimethylaminoethanol is used to produce methacrylatemonomers for polymers as antistatic agents, electrically conducting materials (Huntsman Corp.,1997).


Emulsifying and dispersing agents
Dimethylaminoethanol is used as an amino resin stabilizer and as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes,textiles, and auxiliaries (HSDB, 1996).
Dimethylaminoethanol fatty acid soaps are used as emulsifying and dispersing agents for waxes and polishes resistant to water that are used on metal, leather, glass, wood, ceramic ware, floors, furniture, and automobiles, and Dimethylaminoethanol esters are common emulsifying agents in the textile industry (Dow, 2001a).
Dimethylaminoethanol hydrochloride is used in manufacturing Procter & Gamble detergent compositions (Kandasamy et al., 2000).
Dimethylaminoethanol hemisuccinate has been used to make amphoteric surfactants (Nieh and Naylor, 1984).

Gas treating
Alkyl alkanolamines are used to eliminate hydrogen sulfide from natural gas and refinery off­gasses (Dow, 2001a). Two out of 73 titles resulting from a CAPLUS search linking Dimethylaminoethanol to environmental pollution indicated that Dimethylaminoethanol is used to remove hydrogen sulfide from gas mixtures.

Urethane catalysts
Dimethylaminoethanol is one of at least 60 amine compounds used as catalysts in the manufacture of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.
Polyurethane formulations require about 0.1 to 5.0% amine catalyst (API, 2000).
Dimethylaminoethanol reacts with isocyanates, limiting the amount of Dimethylaminoethanol emissions during the foaming reaction (Dow, 2001a).
One study evaluated amine catalyst use in polyurethane production in the United Kingdom.
At afactory making polyether slabstock, the “typical total throughput” of chemicals was 300 kg perminute: 200 kg polyol per minute, 100 kg per minute 80:20 diisocyanates, and 0.6 kg/minuteamine.
At a typical factory for making polyester slabstock, with a throughput of 300 kg perminute, 0.5 to 1.5 kg per minute would be used.
At a typical factory for making a molding, theestimated throughput was 12 kg per minute and the rate of amine use was 0.02 kg per minute(Bugler et al., 1992).
Dimethylaminoethanol in vapor phase is also used to catalyze polyurethane-based inks(Huntsman Corp., 1997) to catalyze coatings (U.S. EPA ORD, 1994), and for curing epoxyresins (HSDB, 1996). API (2000) lists 55 other amine catalysts used in polyurethane manufacture.
The di-Dimethylaminoethanolether, that is, bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether [CAS RN 3033-62-3] may be the most widelyused amine catalyst in polyurethane manufacture.

Water treatment
Dimethylaminoethanol is used to make flocculants for wastewater treatment (Dow, 2001a; Huntsman Corp.,1997), to inhibit corrosion in return-condensate boiler and steam systems by controlling pH (Dow, 2001a; HSDB, 1996), and to synthesize Type II resins for anion exchange (Dow, 2001a).

Other industrial uses
Other uses of Dimethylaminoethanol include as a chemical intermediate (HSDB, 1996), as a corrosion inhibitorin steel-reinforced concrete (CCIA, undated; FHWA DOT, 2000), and as “paper auxiliaries”(Huntsman Corp., 1997).


N,N-Dimethylethanolamine S
N,N-Dimethylethanolamine S (DMEOA, DMAE) belongs to the class of N-alkylated aminoalcohols.
DMEOA is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a amine-like odor.

Coatings

DMEOA is used as an intermediate + buffering agent in the synthesis of coatings.

Other

DMEOA is used as a building block for the synthesis of cationic flocculants and ion exchange resins.


Dimethylaminoethanol toxicology
Dimethylaminoethanol is absorbed and rapidly transported to the liver where much of it is metabolized 33).
Approximately 280 nmol (25.2 μg) Dimethylaminoethanol/gram plasma was observed in male mice about ten minutes after receiving 300 mg (3.30 mmol) Dimethylaminoethanol/kg, intraperitoneally. Approximately 2.41, 1.30, and 0.20% of an administered dose of 30 mg/kg (0.13 mmol/kg) (with 100 μCi) of 14C­cyprodenate was found in the liver, brain, and plasma, respectively, five minutes after intravenous dosing in male rats. After transport to the liver, a portion of centrophenoxine was converted to its constituent moieties, Dimethylaminoethanol and p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, while the unmetabolized form was transported throughout the body by the circulatory system.

Daily Dimethylaminoethanol oral exposures of chinchilla rabbits or humans produced measurable plasma and cerebrospinal concentrations of the parent compound.
The drugs were cleared from the plasma by 36 hours post-treatment.
In male Wistar rats, Dimethylaminoethanol was oxidized rapidly to the N-oxide of Dimethylaminoethanol, representing the primary urinary metabolite.
However, only 13.5 % of the administered dose was eliminated by the 24 hour time point, suggesting that most of the Dimethylaminoethanol was routed toward phospholipid biosynthetic pathways.
In humans, 33% of an injected 1 g (10 mmol) dose of Dimethylaminoethanol was excreted unchanged.
It was suggested that the remaining dose might have been demethylated to ethanolamine directed toward normal metabolic pathways.
It is unclear to what extent Dimethylaminoethanol is methylated and substituted into acetylcholine.
Some reports indicated that the Dimethylaminoethanol that crossed the blood-brain barrier was methylated to form choline and then incorporated into acetylcholine.
Other investigators found that neither acute (in vitro) nor chronic (in vivo) treatments with [2H6] Dimethylaminoethanol had the capacity to alter levels of acetylcholine in the brain tissues.
Choline may be formed by methylation of Dimethylaminoethanol. De novo synthesis of choline typically involves conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine.
lthough small amounts may be synthesized, choline must be supplemented through the diet to maintain adequate physiological concentrations for optimal health.
Most of the body’s choline is found as a component of phospholipids.
Choline-containing phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, are structural components of cell membranes and precursors for intracellular messenger molecules.
Phosphatidylcholine is a required component of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, necessary for the transportation of cholesterol and fat from the liver to other sites in the body. Finally, choline is a precursor for the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine.
As a possible precursor of choline, Dimethylaminoethanol has been studied as a potential modulator of many of the above-mentioned biological processes 34).

Dimethylaminoethanol acute exposures
Lethal concentration 50 (LC50) is the concentration of the chemical in the air or water that will kill 50% of the test animals with a single exposure.
Dimethylaminoethanol inhalation studies resulted in lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values in the mouse of 36.14 mmol/m³.
The upper range for the rat was reported at 70 mmol/m³.
Lethal dose 50 (LD50) is a single dose of a chemical that, when fed, injected or applied to the skin test animals, will kill 50% of the animals.
The LD50 is one way to measure the short-term poisoning potential (acute toxicity) of a material.
Oral Dimethylaminoethanol LD50s ranged from 6.790 to 14.60 mmol/kg (mouse) to 2.94 to 67.31 mmol/kg (rat).
Skin Dimethylaminoethanol LD50s were derived only for rabbits and ranged from 13.5 to 34.86 mmol/kg.
Signs of toxicity from inhalation exposures included irritation to the mucous membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract and incoordination; abnormal contraction of the eyelid muscles and excessive secretion of tears; excessive salivation; ocular, oral, and nasal discharge and encrustation; respiratory difficulties; decreased motor activity; coordination loss, and swelling and bleeding of extremities from excessive preening (high-dose only); and a substantial body-weight loss 35). Discolored lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen were observed in rats that died and in two high-dose survivors.
Dimethylaminoethanol, classified as corrosive (occlusive or semi-occlusive dressings), was moderately lethal in rabbits after acute percutaneous exposures.
Moderate to severe erythema and edema with ecchymoses, necrosis, and ulceration occurred after Dimethylaminoethanol application for 24 hours, and progressed to local desquamation, alopecia, and scarring.
Application of 0.75 mg (0.0083 mmol) Dimethylaminoethanol to the eyes of rabbits produced severe irritation.
Moderate to severe corneal injury, iritis, and severe conjunctival irritation (with necrosis) was observed in all rabbits treated with 0.005 mL (4 mg; 0.05 mmol) Dimethylaminoethanol.

Dimethylaminoethanol short-term exposures
All Dimethylaminoethanol high-dose (586 ppm; 24 mmol/m³) rats died between days four through eight, and four of fifteen mid-dose (288 ppm; 11.8 mmol/m³) males died on days eight through twelve after inhalation exposure to Dimethylaminoethanol (six hours/day, five days/week, nine exposures in eleven days) 36).
Signs of toxicity included respiratory distress, ocular and nasal irritation, and corneal opacity.
Male and female New Zealand White rabbits treated dermally with Dimethylaminoethanol (up to 2.0 mL/kg/day (1800 mg/kg/day; 20 mmol/kg/day) developed severe skin irritation.
Microscopic examination revealed no treatment­related effects in regions other than treated skin.
Male Wistar rats (24-month-old) dosed orally with centrophenoxine (100 mg/kg body weight [0.640 mmol/kg]) once a day for four weeks had significant differences in malondialdehyde, phospholipid content, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione and protein thiol relative to tissue levels from untreated young and old rats.

Dimethylaminoethanol subchronic and chronic exposures
Male and female rats exposed to Dimethylaminoethanol (8 to 76 ppm; 0.3 to 3.1 mmol/m³, six hours/day, five days/week, thirteen weeks) produced corneal opacity in mid- and high-dose rats; an increase in audible respiration was demonstrated in the high-dose group 37).
Histopathologic changes in nasal tissue were observed, including rhinitis, squamous metaplasia, degeneration of respiratory epithelium, atrophy of olfactory epithelium, and microcysts in respiratory epithelium. Nasal lesions were limited to the anterior nasal cavity.
Chronic exposures of mice to emissions from freshly foamed polyurethane insulation [6.7 mg/m³ Dimethylaminoethanol (0.075 mmol/m³)] produced disturbances in blood composition including increased leukocyte count and decrease in erythrocytes and hemoglobin content.

A decrease in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol was observed in rats receiving 10 mg/kg (0.10 mmol/kg) per day Dimethylaminoethanol orotate for six months, without any signs of fatty acid infiltration of the liver.
A four-month continuous inhalation exposure of rats to high concentrations of Dimethylaminoethanol (2.76 mg/m3; 0.031 mmol/m³) resulted in a disturbance in the “dynamic equilibrium between processes of inhibition and excitation” with “prevalence for excitation.”
No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) denotes the level of exposure of an organism, found by experiment or observation, at which there is no biologically or statistically significant increase in the frequency or severity of any adverse effects of the tested protocol.
A 90-day Dimethylaminoethanol feeding study resulted in a NOAEL 180 mg (2 mmol) Dimethylaminoethanol/kg.
The Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (LOAEL) is the lowest concentration or amount of a substance found by experiment or observation that causes an adverse alteration of morphology, function, capacity, growth, development, or lifespan of a target organism distinguished from normal organisms of the same species.
The LOAEL of Dimethylaminoethanol is 890 mg (10 mmol) Dimethylaminoethanol/kg 38).

Dimethylaminoethanol reproductive and teratological effects
No histopathological changes in the gonads were observed after repeated exposure to Dimethylaminoethanol in a 90­ day inhalation study in rats 39).
Dimethylaminoethanol induced maternal toxicity as demonstrated by changes in body weight gain in the mid- and high-dose (30 and 100 ppm; 1.20 and 4.10 mmol/m³) groups and ocular changes in the mid- and low ­dose groups (30 and 10 ppm; 1.20 and 0.41 mmol/m³).
Sporadic, inconsistent alterations in gestational parameters included significant decreases in viable implants per litter, percentage live fetuses/litter, and litter size in rats exposed to 10 ppm (40mg/m³; 41 mmol/m³).
A significant decrease in the percentage of male fetuses in rats exposed to 30 ppm (1.20 mmol/m³) was reported.
Inhaled Dimethylaminoethanol induced an inconsistent pattern of skeletal variations reported as poorly ossified cervical centrum, bilobed thoracic centrum, bilobed sternebrae, unossified proximal phalanges of the forelimb, and increased incidences of split cervical centra, and bilobed thoracic centrum.
A NOAEL (No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level) of 100 ppm (4.10 mmol/m³) or greater was established for embryofetal toxicity and teratogenicity.
A NOAEL for maternal toxicity was estimated at 10 ppm (0.41 mmol/m³).
Pups derived from pregnant rats dosed with Dimethylaminoethanol (gestation day 12 through postnatal day 10) demonstrated diminished behavioral decrements (motor activity in the pups; striatal dopamine release in adults) induced by postnatal hypoxia.

Dimethylaminoethanol and immunotoxicity
Immunotoxicity is defined as adverse effects on the functioning of both local and systemic immune systems that result from exposure to toxic substances.
Dimethylaminoethanol has been classified as a potential skin sensitizer, although this classification has not been supported by human experiences with Dimethylaminoethanol under normal handling procedures.
A sensitizer is defined as “a chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical.” Dimethylaminoethanol, evaluated in the guinea pig maximation test was without any clear evidence of skin sensitization 40).

Dimethylaminoethanol and the formation of cancer
There was no statistically significant increase, or morphological difference, in the incidence of neoplasms in any organ in female mice given drinking water with 10 mM (900 μg/mL) Dimethylaminoethanol for 105 weeks, or in female mice given 15 mM (1300 μg/mL) Dimethylaminoethanol for 123 weeks 41).

Dimethylaminoethanol and genotoxicity
In genetics, genotoxicity describes the property of chemical agents that damages the genetic information within a cell causing mutations, which may lead to cancer.
Dimethylaminoethanol failed to demonstrate genotoxicity in the Salmonella typhimurium assay, Drosophila melanogaster sex-linked recessive lethal assay, sister chromatid exchange assays, or hypoxanthine­guanine phosphoribosyl transferase forward gene mutation tests.
No significant increases in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were observed in Swiss-Webster mice at Dimethylaminoethanol dose levels ranging from 270 to 860 mg/kg body weight (3.00 to 9.60 mmol/kg) 42).

Dimethylaminoethanol and choline
Choline has recently been identified as an essential human nutrient, used in the biosynthesis of the phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin and as a precursor of intracellular messenger molecules.
Perturbations in choline metabolism will affect a range of cellular structures and functions.
Dimethylaminoethanol (200 μM for 20 minutes) was found to be a potent inhibitor of choline uptake in vitro.
Dimethylaminoethanol acted as a choline oxidase inhibitor 43).
In isolated perfused kidney studies, Dimethylaminoethanol significantly decreased both the rate of [14C] choline removal and the rate of [14C] betaine addition to the perfusate. Dimethylaminoethanol also significantly inhibited [14C] betaine production in cortical, outer, and inner medullary regions of rat kidney in tissue slice experiments.

Although pregnancies progressed equally well for all treatment groups and litters of similar sizes were delivered, only 18/253 offspring derived from pregnant rats maintained on a choline-deficient diet supplemented with 1% Dimethylaminoethanol survived for more than 36 hours postpartum.
The pups demonstrated moderate degrees of glycogen and fatty infiltrations in their livers.
Measurable amounts of Dimethylaminoethanol (72.2 ± 12.7 nmol/g) were observed in their brains.
In addition, levels of choline and acetylcholine in the brains were elevated 53% and 36%, respectively.
One study reported that the Dimethylaminoethanol-induced perturbations of choline uptake and metabolism causedneural tube defects and craniofacial hypoplasia in neurulating mouse embryos in vitro.
Incubation ofmouse embryos for 26 hours in Dimethylaminoethanol-containing medium resulted in a statistically significant, dose­dependent increase in malformation rate and severity.
Dimethylaminoethanol-treatment reduced choline uptake by70% in the 375 μM group (33.7 μg/mL).
Follow-on studies conducted in gastrulation/neurulationstage mouse embryos suggested that Dimethylaminoethanol decreased [14C] choline incorporation intophosphocholine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin to 25%, 35%, and 50% of control values,respectively, and increased the levels of labeled betaine was threefold.
Dimethylaminoethanol treatment produced a15% increase in embryonic ceramide, an important cell-signaling molecule.

Dimethylaminoethanol supplement
Dimethylaminoethanol salts such as p-acetamidobenzoate (Deanol, Deaner or Pabenol) have been used in humans to treat central nervous system disorders believed to be associated with hypofunction of cholinergic neurons; in the treatment of learning and behavioral problems; hyperkinetic behavior 44); Huntington’s chorea, tardive and levodopa-induced dyskinesias 45); chronic fatigue; and neurasthenia 46).
Dimethylaminoethanol salts (Deaner) was recommended for treating schizoid and schizophrenic patients in a 1958 article in the American Journal of Psychiatry 47). Salomon et al. 48) described a clinical trial of Dimethylaminoethanol monophosphate (Panclar), described as a psychostimulant, in a neuropsychiatric clinic.
Meclofenoxate hydrochloride (centrophenoxine hydrochloride) is used to enhance cognition in the elderly in Europe, Japan, Mexico and Australia 49). Dimethylaminoethanol p-chlorophenoxyacetate and its hydrochlorides (centrofenoxine, meclofenoxate) were named in a review article as showing some efficacy in treating brain injuries, including cerebral atrophy, brain injury, postapopletic disorder, chronic alcoholism, and barbituate intoxications 50), 51).
The Life Extension Foundation Web site (2002a, 2002b) states that in Europe, centrofenoxine in combination with piracetam may improve memory and mental energy.
The article states that the drug is not available in the United States but may be ordered from pharmacies in Europe.
The Giampapa Institute (2001) Web site lists health claims for centrofenoxine that include improving memory, increasing mental energy, removing lipofuscin and potassium from the skin, heart, and brain, and protecting the brain against free radical damage, stroke, and injury.

Dimethylaminoethanol and related compounds are found in drug formulations for various purposes.
Dimethylaminoethanol was probably one of the basic amines for self-emulsifying oral preparations of antiretroviral pyranones containing 0.1 to 10% basic amines to enhance bioavailability in a World patent assigned to Pharmacia and Upjohn Co., U.S.A 52).
Meclofenoxate was in formulations in a German patent for “transdermal or transmucosal dosage forms containing nicotine for smoking cessation” [LTS Lohmann Therapie-Systeme A.-G., Germany] 53).


Deanol is commonly referred to as 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) or dimethylethanolamine (DMEA).
Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) holds tertiary amine and primary alcohol groups as functional groups.
Deanol has been used in the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease, autism, and tardive dyskinesia.
Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) has been also used as an ingredient in skin care, and in cognitive function- and mood-enhancing products.

2-dimethylaminoethanol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a fishlike odor. Flash point 105°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion. Used to make other chemicals.



Deanol is commonly referred to as 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) or dimethylethanolamine (DMEA). It holds tertiary amine and primary alcohol groups as functional groups. Deanol has been used in the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease, autism, and tardive dyskinesia. It has been also used as an ingredient in skin care, and in cognitive function- and mood-enhancing products.

DrugBank
2-dimethylaminoethanol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a fishlike odor. Flash point 105°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion. Used to make other chemicals.

CAMEO Chemicals
N,N-dimethylethanolamine is a tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents. It has a role as a curing agent and a radical scavenger. It is a tertiary amine and a member of ethanolamines.


Astyl

Bisorcate, Deanol

Deanol

Deanol Bisorcate

Demanol

Demanyl

Dimethylaminoethanol

Dimethylethanolamine

N,N Dimethyl 2 hydroxyethylamine

N,N-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine

N,N-Dimethylethanolamine

Tonibral

Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
3.4.2Depositor-Supplied Synonyms HelpNew Window
2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol

Deanol

N,N-Dimethylethanolamine

108-01-0

Dimethylaminoethanol

Dimethylethanolamine

Norcholine

2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL

DMAE

DMEA

Bimanol

Liparon

N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol

Varesal

Propamine A

Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-

(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine

Kalpur P

Dimethylmonoethanolamine

Dimethylaminoaethanol

N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol

Amietol M 21

N,N-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine

N,N-Dimethyl ethanolamine

N-Dimethylaminoethanol

2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethanol

Dimethyl(hydroxyethyl)amine

Texacat DME

Dimethylaethanolamin

Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine

2-(Dimethylamino)-1-ethanol

N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine

N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine

2-(Dimethylamino) ethanol

(Dimethylamino)ethanol

beta-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine

2-(dimethylamino)ethan-1-ol

2-Dimethylamino-ethanol

beta-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol

2-Dwumetyloaminoetanolu

N-(Dimethylamino)ethanol

N,N-Dimethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine

Tegoamin DMEA

NSC 2652

Dabco DMEA

UNII-2N6K9DRA24

Deanol [BAN]

2-Dimethylamino ethanol

N,N-Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine

N,N'-Dimethylethanolamine

2-(dimethylamino)-ethanol

(CH3)2NCH2CH2OH

CHEMBL1135

.beta.-(Dimethylamino)ethanol

2N6K9DRA24

.beta.-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine

CHEBI:271436

Phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine

Deanol (BAN)

MFCD00002846

N,N-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL (DMAE)

NCGC00159413-02
Demanol
Demanyl
Tonibral
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)amine
DSSTox_CID_505
DSSTox_RID_75628
DSSTox_GSID_20505
N,N-Dimethylethanolamine (2-Dimethylaminoethanol)
Deanol (N,N-Dimethylethanolamine)
CAS-108-01-0
Dimethylaethanolamin [German]
Dimethylamino ethanol
Dimethylaminoaethanol [German]
CCRIS 4802
2-Dwumetyloaminoetanolu [Polish]
HSDB 1329
EINECS 203-542-8
UN2051
BRN 1209235
N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethanolamine
AI3-09209
Jeffcat DMEA
Dimethylethanoiamine
Toyocat -DMA
dimethyl ethanolamine
dimethyl-ethanolamine
Paresan (Salt/Mix)
dimethyl ethanol amine
2-dimethyamino-ethanol
n,n-dimethylethanolamin
Biocoline (Salt/Mix)
N,N dimethylaminoethanol
N,N-dimethyl-ethanolamine
N,N-dimethylamino ethanol
N,N-dimethylethanol amine
N,N-dimethylethanol-amine
ACMC-1C0DD
2-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine
2-Dimethylaminoethanol [UN2051] [Corrosive]
EC 203-542-8
beta -(dimethylamino)ethanol
Dimethylaminoaethanol(german)
Choline chloride (Salt/Mix)
Luridin chloride (Salt/Mix)
beta -hydroxyethyldimethylamine
N,N-Dimethylethanolamine/DMEA
beta -dimethylaminoethyl alcohol
2-(N,N-dimethyl amino)ethanol
2-(N,N-dimethylamino) ethanol
DTXSID2020505
N-hydroxyethyl-N,N-dimethylamine
.beta.-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol
2-(N,N-dimethyl amino) ethanol
Ni(1/4)OEN-Dimethylethanolamine
NSC2652

beta -(dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol
2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylethanaminium
WLN: Q2N1 & 1
2-Dimethylaminoethanol, >=99.5%
BCP22017
CS-M3462
NSC-2652
ZINC1641058
.beta.-(Dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol
N, N-Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
BDBM50060526
N,N-Dimethyl-beta -hydroxyethylamine
STL282730
Dimethylaminopropylamine Reagent Grade
AKOS000118738
N,N-Dimethyl-.beta.-hydroxyethylamine
DB13352
MCULE-7567469160
UN 2051
N, N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine


IUPAC Name
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol

Synonyms
(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine
2-(Dimethylamino)-1-ethanol
2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethanol
2-Dimethylaminoethanol
beta-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol
beta-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine
Deanol
Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
Dimethyl(hydroxyethyl)amine
Dimethylaminoäthanol Deutsch
Dimethyläthanolamin Deutsch
Dimethylethanolamine
Dimethylmonoethanolamine
DMAE
DMEA
N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol
N,N-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol
N,N-Dimethylethanolamine
N,N-dimethylethanolamine
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine
N-Dimethylaminoethanol
Norcholine
Propamine A


Synonyms
Deanol; (2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine; 2-(Dimethylamino)-1-ethanol; 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethanol; 2-Dimethylaminoethanol; 2-Dwumetyloaminoetanolu [Polish]; Amietol M 21; Bimanol; DMAE; DMEA; Deanol; Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Dimethyl(hydroxyethyl)amine; Dimethylaethanolamin [German]; Dimethylaminoaethanol [German]; Dimethylaminoethanol; Dimethylethanolamine; Dimethylmonoethanolamine; Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-; Kalpur P; Liparon; N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol; N,N-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine; N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; N,N-Dimethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine; N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol; N,N-Dimethylethanolamine; N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine; N-Dimethylaminoethanol; Norcholine; Propamine A; Texacat DME; Varesal; beta-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol; beta-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine; [ChemIDplus] UN2051; UN2920

108-01-0 [RN]
1209235 [Beilstein]
2-(Dimethylamino)-1-ethanol
2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-(Diméthylamino)éthanol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
203-542-8 [EINECS]
2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL
2-Dwumetyloaminoetanolu [Polish]
2N6K9DRA24
4-11-00-00122 [Beilstein]
Deanol [Wiki]
Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
Dimethyl(hydroxyethyl)amine
Dimethylaethanolamin [German]
Dimethylaminoaethanol [German]
DMAE
DMEA
Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)- [ACD/Index Name]
KK6125000
MFCD00002846 [MDL number]
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine
N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol
N,N-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine
N,N-Dimethylethanolamine
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amine
UNII-2N6K9DRA24
β-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol
β-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine
(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine
(CH3)2NCH2CH2OH
(Dimethylamino)ethanol
116134-09-9 alternate RN [RN]
2-(Dimethylamino) ethanol
2-(dimethylamino)ethan-1-ol
2-(Dimethylamino)-ethanol
2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethanol
2-Dimethylamino ethanol
2-Dimethylamino-ethanol
Amietol M 21 [Trade name]
Bimanol [Trade name]
Demanol [Trade name]
Dimethylaminoethanol [Wiki]
Dimethylethanoiamine
Dimethylethanolamine [Wiki]
Dimethylmonoethanolamine
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:271436
Kalpur P [Trade name]
Liparon [Trade name]
N-(Dimethylamino)ethanol
N, N-Dimethylethanolamine
N,N-Dimethyl ethanolamine
N,N-Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-dimethylaminoethanol
N,N'-Dimethylethanolamine
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(β -hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethanolamine
N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethanolamine.
N,N-Dimethyl-β -hydroxyethylamine
N,N-Dimethyl-β-hydroxyethylamine
N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-tyrosine
N-dimethyl aminoethanol
N-Dimethylaminoethanol
Norcholine [Trade name]
Propamine A [Trade name]
Q2N1 & 1 [WLN]
Texacat DME [Trade name]
UN 2051
Varesal [Trade name]
β -(dimethylamino)ethanol
β -(dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol
β -dimethylaminoethyl alcohol
β -hydroxyethyldimethylamine
β-(Dimethylamino)ethanol
β-(Dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol
β-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol
β-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine


Other names: N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol; Deanol; Varesal; Bimanol; Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-; β-(Dimethylamino)ethanol; β-(Dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol; β-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine; (Dimethylamino)ethanol; (2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine; Dimethyl(hydroxyethyl)amine; Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; Dimethylethanolamine; Dimethylmonoethanolamine; DMAE; Kalpur P; Liparon; N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine; N,N-Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; N,N-Dimethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amine; N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; N,N-Dimethylethanolamine; Norcholine; Propamine A; 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol; 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethanol; (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH; Amietol M 21; Dimethylaminoaethanol; N-(Dimethylamino)ethanol; 2-(Dimethylamino)-1-ethanol; Dimethylaethanolamin; UN 2051; N,N-Dimethyl-β-hydroxyethylamine; Dabco DMEA; N,N'-Dimethylethanolamine; Tegoamin DMEA; Texacat DME; DMEA; NSC 2652; 67-48-1


Dimethylaminoethanol, 2-
2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, amietol M 21, Bimanol, Deanol, Liparon, Kalpur B, Norchlorine, Propamine A, Texacat DME, N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoethanol, Varesal, ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-, ß-(dimethylamino)ethanol, ß-(dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol, ß-hydroxyethyldimethylamine, (dimethylamino)ethanol, (2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine, dimethyl(hydroxyethyl)amine, dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, dimethylethanolamine, dimethylmonoethanolamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine, DMAE, N,N-dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, N,N-dimethyl-N-(ß-hydroxyethyl)amine, N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, Norcholine, Propamine A, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanol, dimethylaminoaethanol, N-(dimethylamino)ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-1-ethanol, N,N-dimethyl-ß-hydroxyethylamine, N,N'-dimethylethanolamine

Uses
dimethyl MEA (DMAE) is also known as dimethylaminoethanol. Studies indicate skin-firming properties, and an ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles as well as dark circles under the eyes. It is considered anti-aging, and antiinflammatory, and has exhibited free-radical scavenging activity.

Uses
2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol is used as corrosion inhibitor, anti-scaling agent, paint additive, coating additive and solids separation agent. It is also used as an intermediate for active pharmaceutical ingredients and dyes. It serves as a curing agent for polyurethanes and epoxy resins. Further, it is used as an additive to boiler water. In addition to this, it is used therapeutically as a CNS stimulant.

Definition
ChEBI: A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.

Production Methods
Synthesis of dimethylaminoethanol can be accomplished from equimolar amounts of ethylene oxide and dimethylamine (HSDB 1988).

General Description
A clear colorless liquid with a fishlike odor. Flash point 105°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion. Used to make other chemicals.

Air & Water Reactions
Flammable. Partially soluble in water and less dense than water.

Reactivity Profile
DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL is an aminoalcohol. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water.
These acid-base reactions are exothermic.
The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base.
Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
N,N-Dimethylethanolamine may react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

Health Hazard
Inhalation of the vapor or mist can cause irritation to the upper respiratory tract. Asthmatic symptoms have been reported.
Extremely irritating; may cause permanent eye injury. Corrosive; will cause severe skin damage with burns and blistering.
Ingestion may cause damage to the mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract.

Health Hazard
Dimethylaminoethanol is classified as a mild skin irritant and a severe eye irritant (HSDB 1988).
Doses as high as 1200 mg daily produce no serious side effects and a single dose of 2500 mg taken in a suicide attempt had no adverse effects (Gosselin et al 1976).
Reported side effects for the acetamidobenzoate salt of dimethylaminoethanol include occipital headache, constipation, muscle tenseness, restlessness, increased irritability, insomnia, pruritus, skin rash, postural hypotension, and weight loss (HSDB 1988).
Under laboratory conditions, asthmatic responses resulted after exposure to a 2% dimethylaminoethanol solution to a spray painter who earlier was exposed to a similar concentration of dimethylaminoethanol via a particular paint (Vallieres et al 1977).
Serious cholinergic side effects were reported in a 37 yr-old woman with tardive dyskinesia who had been taking dimethylaminoethanol (Nesse and Carroll 1976).
After chronic treatment (5 months) with dimethylaminoethanol, marked sialism, bronchospasm, and parkinson rigidity was observed in an 89 yr-old male with a 50 yr history of chronic paranoid schizophrenia and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia (Mathew et al 1976).
Dimethylaminoethanol appears to have a relatively low order of toxicity (HSDB 1988).
Upon chronic administration in humans, plasma choline concentrations were found to be increased (Ceder et al 1978).
No reports were found in the literature regarding carcinogenic or mutagenic potential.

Industrial uses
Dimethylaminoethanol is used as a chemical intermediate for antihistamines and local anesthetics; as a catalyst for curing epoxy resins and polyurethanes; and as a pH control agent for boiler water treatment.
However, dimethylaminoethanol in the salt form, (i.e. dimethylaminoethanol acetamidobenzoate) is primarily utilized therapeutically as an antidepressant (HSDB 1988).

Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes.
A skin and severe eye irritant. Used medically as a central nervous system stimulant.
Flammable liquid when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidzing materials.
Ignites spontaneously in contact with cellulose nitrate of high surface area. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, foam, CO2, dry chemical.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx

Metabolism
When administered orally, dimethylaminoethanol acetamidobenzoate (the therapeutic salt formulation) has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier (HSDB 1988).
Two other studies have examined the pharmacokinetics of dimethylaminoethanol in rats (Dormand et al 1975) and healthy adults (Bismut et al 1986).
It has been postulated that dimethylaminoethanol undergoes endogenous methylation (LaDu et al 1971).
After intravenous treatment of mice with [14C]-labeled dimethylaminoethanol in the brain, dimethylaminoethanol yielded phosphoryldimethylaminoethanol and phosphatidyldimethylaminoethanol. Acid-soluble and lipid cholines derived from dimethylaminoethanol also were found in brain (Miyazaki et al 1976).
While examining the pharmacokinetics of the maleate acid of [14C]-dimethylaminoethanol in rats, Dormand et al (1975) observed that dimethylaminoethanol was metabolized in the phospholipid cycle and produced metabolites such as phosphoryldimethylaminoethanolamine, and glycerophosphatidylcholine.
In kainic-acid lesioned rats, dimethylaminoethanol was converted to a substance which cross-reacted in the radioenzymatic assay for acetylcholine (London et al 1978).
Ansell and Spanner (1979) demonstrated that [14C]-dimethylaminoethanol rapidly disappeared from brain; after 0.5, 1, and 7 h, only 30, 27, and 16% of the administered radioactivity, respectively, remained in the brain after intracerebral injection.
They also showed that brain levels of phosphodimethylaminoethanol increased to a maximum at 1-2 h and decreased afterwards, whereas concentrations of phosphatidylethanolamine increased continuously throughout the 7 h observation period.
This study further found that after i.p. injections of labeled dimethylaminoethanol, the brain content of phosphatidylethanolamine increased through the 7 h period and the levels were 10-40 fold higher than those of phosphodimethylaminoethanol.

Purification Methods
Dry the amine with anhydrous K2CO3 or KOH, and fractionally distil it. [Beilstein 4 IV 1424.]
2-Dimethylaminoethanol Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials
ETHYLENE OXIDE 2-Chloroethanol Dimethylamine
Preparation Products
5-FLUORO-2-PICOLINIC ACID PROPIONYLTHIOCHOLINE IODIDE 1-[6-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine polyurethane adhesive 691 ACETYLTHIOCHOLINE IODIDE 2-Dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride 4-(2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHOXY)-3,5-DICHLOROBENZENAMINE 2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANETHIOL HYDROCHLORIDE 2-Chloro-6-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid N,N-Dimethylethylenediamine DOWEX(R) 1X8 S-BUTYRYLTHIOCHOLINE IODIDE 1-(2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL)PIPERAZINE 2-Trifluoromethyl-6-pyridinecarboxylic acid N,N-Dimethyltryptamine Meclofenoxate hydrochloride 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl (4-chlorphenoxy)acetate 2-bromoethyldimethylamine 2-Chloro-3,6-dimethylpyridine


OTHER PRODUCTS OF ATAMAN KIMYA THAT MIGHT BE OF INTEREST:

DMIPA
DMAE
DEAE
MOPA
Cyclohexylamine
Ethylenediamine
Morpholine


Please check www.atamankimya.com for more products.

DMAPA; DMPDA; NSC 1067; U-CAT 2000; -Dimethylamino; FENTAMINE DMAPA; amino)-1-propyL; H2N(CH2)3N(CH3)2; RARECHEM AL BW 0072; imethylaminopropylamine; 1-(Dimethylamino)-3-aminopropane; 1,3-propanediamine,N,N-dimethyl-; 1-dimethylamino-3-aminopropane; 3-(Dimethylamino)-1-propanamine; 3-(n,n-dimethylamino)-propylamin; 3-Amino-1-(dimethylamino)propane; 3-Propanediamine,N,N-dimethyl-1; -Dimethylamino CAS NO:109-55-7

DIMETHYLANILINE = N,N-DIMETHYLANILINE = DMA = DIMETHYLAMINOBENZENE


CAS Number: 121-69-7
EC-Number: 204-493-5
MDL number: MFCD00008304
Chemical formula: C8H11N / C6H5N(CH3)2


Dimethylaniline, also known as dimethylaminobenzene or dimethylphenylamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylarylamines.
These are aliphatic aromatic amines in which the amino group is linked to two aliphatic chains and one aromatic group.
Dimethylaniline is a tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.


Dimethylaniline is a tertiary amine and a dimethylaniline.
Dimethylaniline appears as a yellow to brown colored oily liquid with a fishlike odor.
Dimethylaniline is less dense than water and insoluble in water.
Dimethylaniline's flash point is 150 °F.


Dimethylaniline (DMA) is an organic chemical compound, a substituted derivative of aniline.
Dimethylaniline consists of a tertiary amine, featuring dimethylamino group attached to a phenyl group.
The chemical formula for dimethylaniline is C8H11N, and it's molecular weight is 121.18 g/mol.
Dimethylaniline occurs as a yellow oily liquid that is insoluble in water.


The odor threshold for dimethylaniline is 0.013 parts per million (ppm).
The vapor pressure for dimethylaniline is 0.52 mm Hg at 25 °C, and its log octanol/water partition coefficient (log K ow) is 2.31.
Dimethylaniline is less dense than water and insoluble in water.
Dimethylaniline's flash point is 150 °F.


Dimethylaniline (DMA) is an organic chemical compound, a substituted derivative of aniline.
Dimethylaniline consists of a tertiary amine, featuring dimethylamino group attached to a phenyl group.
Dimethylaniline is colourless when pure, but commercial samples are often yellow.
Dimethylaniline, also known as dimethylaminobenzene or dimethylphenylamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylarylamines.


Dimethylaniline is a tertiary amine and a dimethylaniline.
Dimethylaniline belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylarylamines.
Dimethylaniline is a tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.
Dimethylaniline (DMA, CAS No. 121-69-7) belongs to the N-dialkylaminoaromatics, a chemical class structurally alerting to DNA reactivity.


Dimethylaniline (DMA) CAS NO. 121-69-7 also known as N,N-dimethylaniline, dimethylaminobenzene.
Dimethylaniline molecule contains a total of 20 bonds.
Dimethylaniline is a yellow oily liquid, insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether.
Dimethylaniline is a nearly quantitative yield of benzoic acid, N-methyl aniline and formaldehyde .


Outside of the human body, Dimethylaniline has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common mushrooms, strawberries, feijoa, limes, and black-eyed pea.
No information is available on the reproductive, developmental effects of N,N-dimethylaniline in humans.
Dimethylaniline is colourless when pure, but commercial samples are often yellow.


Dimethylaniline is a tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.
Dimethylaniline is also written as DMA.
Dimethylaniline appears as a yellow to brown colored oily liquid with a fishlike odor.
Dimethylaniline is an important precursor to dyes such as crystal violet.
Less dense than water and insoluble in water.


Dimethylaniline is a tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.
Dimethylaniline appears as a yellow to brown colored oily liquid with a fishlike odor.
Dimethylaniline is less dense than water and insoluble in water.
Outside of the human body, Dimethylaniline has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common mushrooms, strawberries, feijoa, limes, and black-eyed pea.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIMETHYLANILINE:
Dimethylaniline is a tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.
Dimethylaniline is a tertiary amine and a dimethylaniline.
Dimethylaniline is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes and other substances.
Dimethylaniline is one of the basic raw materials for the production of basic dyes (triphenylmethane dyes, etc.) and basic dyes.


The main varieties of Dimethylaniline are basic bright yellow, basic purple 5BN, basic green, basic lake blue, and brilliant red 5GN , Bright Blue, etc.
Dimethylaniline is used in the pharmaceutical industry to manufacture cephalosporin V, sulfonamide-b-methoxypyrimidine, sulfa-o-dimethoxypyrim, fluorosporine, etc., and in the perfume industry for the manufacture of vanillin Wait.


Dimethylaniline is used as analytical reagent.
Dimethylaniline is used in the manufacture of spices, pesticides, dyes, explosives, etc.
Dimethylaniline is an important dye intermediate.
Dimethylaniline can be used to prepare basic bright yellow, basic violet 5BN, basic magenta green, basic lake blue BB, basic brilliant blue R, cationic red 2BL, brilliant red 5GN, violet 3BL, brilliant blue, etc.


In the pharmaceutical industry, Dimethylaniline can be used to manufacture cephalosporin V, sulfa-b-methoxypyrimidine, sulfa-o-dimethoxypyrimidine, flucytosine, etc.
Dimethylaniline can be used to produce vanillin in the fragrance industry.
Dimethylaniline can also be used as a solvent, rubber vulcanization accelerator, explosives and raw materials for some organic intermediates.


Dimethylaniline is used determination of methanol, methyl furan formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, nitrate, ethanol, formaldehyde and tertiary amines, colorimetric determination of nitrite, etc., solvents, manufacture of vanillin, methyl violet, Michler's ketone and other dyes.
Dimethylaniline is also used in new processes for symmetrical and asymmetrical light conductors.
Dimethylaniline is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of vanillin, Michler's ketone, methyl violet, and other dyes and also as a solvent, an alkylating agent, and a stabilizer.


Dimethylaniline was used to make dyes and as a solvent.
Dimethylaniline is an important precursor to dyes such as crystal violet.
Dimethylaniline was originally developed for use in conjunction with the manufacture of basic dyes, vanillin and Michler's ketone.
Dimethylaniline's applications may be industrial (dye and pesticide intermediates, polymerizing agents) and surgical (polymerization accelerations for the manufacture of bone cements and prosthetic devices), thus implying heterogeneous types of human exposure.


Dimethylaniline is a key precursor to commercially important triarylmethane dyes such as malachite green and crystal violet.
Dimethylaniline is used as curing agent for epoxy resin, as intermediate for organic synthesis, used in the preparation of quatemary amine, dehydrogenation catalyst, preservative and neutralizing agent.
Dimethylaniline is used in the synthesis of vanillin, methyl violet, and Michler's ketone; also used as a hardener for plastic resins and a acid scavenger in the manufacture of semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins.


Dimethylaniline serves as a promoter in the curing of polyester and vinyl ester resins.
Dimethylaniline is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of vanillin, Michler's ketone, methyl violet, and other dyes and also as a solvent, an alkylating agent, and a stabilizer.
The Dimethylaniline helps the catalyst to start the chemical reaction between the resin and styrene monomer and form a cured solid.


Dimethylaniline is a promoter used in the curing of polyester and vinyl ester resins.
Dimethylaniline is used in various embedding resin systems such as SPI Chem Low Acid HPMA for Light Microscopy.
Dimethylaniline is mainly used as dye intermediates, solvents, stabilizers, analytical reagents.
Dimethylaniline is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes and other substances.


Dimethylaniline was used to make dyes and as a solvent.
Dimethylaniline has a number of other varied uses, such as with MBTH in a colorimetric peroxidase determination.
Dimethylaniline is also used as a precursor to other organic compounds.
Dimethylaniline is used to make dyes and as a solvent.


Dimethylaniline is a tertiary amine used in the synthesis of several triarylmethane dyes, such as peacock green.
Dimethylaniline is used in Manufacture of Michler's ketone, as reagent for methanol, methyl furfural, hydrogen peroxide, nitrate, alcohol, formaldehyde.
Dimethylaniline can be used on its own with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) type catalysts or in combination with cobalt 6% promoters with methyl ethyl ketone (MEKP) type catalysts.


A study of the in vitro metabolism of Dimethylaniline has confirmed N-demethylation and N-oxidation as metabolic pathways, and has also established ring hydroxylation as a metabolic route.
Dimethylaniline is used in dyes, a rubber vulcanising agent and as a catalyst.
Dimethylaniline is used as a reagent in a sensitive procedure using p-anisidene-N, N-dimethylaniline for the catalytic determination of micro-amounts of ferric and ferrous ions in as little as 10-7 mole.


The purpose of Dimethylaniline is to speed up the curing reaction of polyester and vinyl ester resins and allow them to cure at room temperature.
Dimethylaniline is widely used in manufacturing as a solvent, an intermediate and reagent for.
Dimethylaniline's derivative 2,4-dimethylaniline is a recalcitrant degradant of the pesticide amitraz.


Dimethylaniline is mainly used as dye intermediates, solvents, stabilizers, analytical reagents.
Dimethylaniline is also used in the synthesis of magnetic Gram stains for the detection of bacteria.
Dimethylaniline is a yellowish to brownish oily liquid compound C6H5N(CH3)2 made by methylating aniline and used chiefly as an intermediate in dye manufacture.



SUBSTITUENTS of DIMETHYLANILINE:
*Aniline or substituted anilines
*Dialkylarylamine
*Benzenoid
*Monocyclic benzene moiety
*Organopnictogen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of DIMETHYLANILINE:
*Aniline and substituted anilines
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



PREPARATION and REACTIONS of DIMETHYLANILINE:
Dimethylaniline was first reported in 1850 by the German chemist A. W. Hofmann, who prepared Dimethylaniline by heating aniline and iodomethane:
C6H5NH2 + 2 CH3I → C6H5N(CH3)2 + 2 HI
Dimethylaniline is produced industrially by alkylation of aniline with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst:
C6H5NH2 + 2 CH3OH → C6H5N(CH3)2 + 2 H2O
Similarly, Dimethylaniline is also prepared using dimethyl ether as the methylating agent.

Dimethylaniline undergoes many of the reactions expected for an aniline, being weakly basic and reactive toward electrophiles.
For example, Dimethylaniline is nitrated to produce tetryl, a derivative with four nitro groups which was once used as explosive.
Dimethylaniline is lithiated with butyllithium.
Methylating agents attack the amine to give the quaternary ammonium salt:
C6H5N(CH3)2 + (CH3O)2SO2 → C6H5N(CH3)3CH3OSO3



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIMETHYLANILINE:
Molar mass: 121.183 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: amine-like
Density: 0.956 g/mL
Melting point: 2 °C (36 °F; 275 K)
Boiling point: 194 °C (381 °F; 467 K)
Solubility in water: 2% (20°C)[1]
Vapor pressure: 1 mmHg (20°C)[1]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -89.66·10−6 cm3/mol
Appearance Form: liquid
Color: light yellow
pH: 7,4 at 1,2 g/l at 20 °C
Melting point/freezing point Melting point/range: 1,5 - 2,5 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 193 - 194 °C - lit.

Flash point: 75 °C - closed cup
Evaporation rate No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Vapor pressure: 13 hPa at 70 °C
Vapor density: 4,18 - (Air = 1.0)
Relative density: 0,956 g/cm³ at 25 °C
Water solubility: ca.1 g/l
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 2,62
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 1,2 mPa.s at 30 °C
Water Solubility: 14.4 g/L
logP: 2.05
logP: 2.08
logS: -0.92

pKa (Strongest Basic): 5.02
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 3.24 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Refractivity: 40.49 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 14.31 ų
Number of Rings: 1
Molecular Weight: 121.18
XLogP3: 2.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1

Exact Mass: 121.089149355
Monoisotopic Mass: 121.089149355
Topological Polar Surface Area: 3.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 72.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): colourless to pale yellow
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (GC): min. 99.5%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 0.955-0.956
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.557-1.559
Boiling Range: 192-194°C
Iron (Fe): max. 0.0005%
Heavy Metals (Pb): max. 0.0005%
Aniline (GC): max. 0.1%
N-Methyl Aniline (GC): max. 0.1%
Water (KF): max. 0.1%



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIMETHYLANILINE:
-General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
-If inhaled:
*After inhalation:
fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
-In case of eye contact:
*After eye contact:
rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIMETHYLANILINE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIMETHYLANILINE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIMETHYLANILINE:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Latex gloves
Minimum layer thickness: 0,6 mm
Break through time: 60 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIMETHYLANILINE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIMETHYLANILINE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
N,N-Dimethylbenzeneamine
Dimethylaminobenzene
Dimethylphenylamine
N,N-Dimethyl-N-phenylamine
N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine
N,N-Dimethylbenzeneamine
N,N-Dimethylphenylamine
N,N-(Dimethylamino)benzene
N,N-Dimethyl-benzenamine
N,N-Dimethylaniline sulfate (1:1)
N,N-Dimethylaniline hydrochloride
N,N-Dimethylaniline hydroiodide
N,N-dimethylaniline
121-69-7
Dimethylphenylamine
Dimethylaniline
N,N-Dimethylbenzenamin
Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-
(Dimethylamino)benzene
N,N-Dimethylphenylamine
N,N-Dimethylbenzeneamine
Dimethylaminobenzene
Dwumetyloanilina
Dimethyl-phenyl-amine
N,N-(Dimethylamino)benzene
Aniline, N,N-dimethyl-
Versneller NL 63/10
NCI-C56428
Dimethylaniline, N,N-
NSC 7195
NL 63-10P
N,N-Dimethylaniline sulfate
N,N-Dimethyl-N-phenylamine
N,N-DIMETHYL-ANILINE
CHEBI:16269
NSC-7195
DSSTox_CID_507
DSSTox_RID_75629
DSSTox_GSID_20507
dimethyl aniline
86362-18-7
CAS-121-69-7
N-N-Dimethylaniline
CCRIS 2381
N, N-Dimethylaniline
HSDB 1179
N,N-dimethylaminobenzene
EINECS 204-493-5
UN2253
dimethyl-anilin
AI3-17284
n-dimethylaniline
N,N-dimethyaniline
N,N-dimethylamline
N,N dimethylaniline
N,N-dimethylaniiine
PhNMe2
n,n,-dimethylaniline
N,N-dirnethylaniline
N,N-dimethyl aniline
UNII-7426719369
N,N-dimethyl-Benzenamine
EC 204-493-5
PhN(CH3)2
SCHEMBL8277
N,N-Dimethylaniline, 99%
MLS002222341
BIDD:ER0332
N,N-Dimethyl-N-phenylamine #
CHEMBL371654
DTXSID2020507
N,N-DIMETHYLANILINE
N,N-Dimethylaniline
N,N-dimethylaniline,sulfuric acid
NSC7195
WLN: 1N1 & R
N,N-DIMETHYLANILINE
N,N-Dimethylaniline, LR, >=99%
Tox21_201813
Tox21_300036
MFCD00008304
STL268843
ZINC12358697
AKOS000119088
UN 2253
NCGC00090724-01
NCGC00090724-02
NCGC00090724-03
NCGC00254056-01
NCGC00259362-01
LS-13434
N,N-DIMETHYLANILINE
SMR001252235
N,N-Dimethylaniline
N,N-Dimethylaniline, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
D0665
D3866
N,N-Dimethylaniline, for synthesis, 99.5%
EN300-18960
C02846
D95371
N,N-Dimethylaniline, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
Q310473
J-004597
J-523266
F0001-0348
N,N-Dimethylaniline, purified by redistillation, >=99.5%
Benzenamine,N,N-dimethyl-,oxidized,molybdatetungstatephosphates
1000538-06-6
101357-19-1
N,N-Dimethylbenzeneamine
Aniline,N,N-dimethyl
phenyldimethylamine
N,N-Dimethylaniline
N,N-dimethyl-aniline
Benzenamine,N,N-dimethyl
Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-
N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine
dimethylphenylamine
N,N-Dimethylphenylamine
Dimethylaminobenzene
Dimethylaniline
Dimethylphenylamine
N,N-Dimethyl-N-phenylamine
N,N-Dimethylbenzenamine
N,N-Dimethylbenzeneamine
N,N-Dimethylphenylamine
N,N-(Dimethylamino)benzene
N,N-Dimethyl-benzenamine
N,N-Dimethylaniline sulfate (1:1)
N,N-Dimethylaniline hydrochloride
N,N-Dimethylaniline hydroiodide

DESCRIPTION:
Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride (DADMAC) is a viscous, colourless to pale yellow liquid with slight odour. mainly used as cationic monomer in resins production.

Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride is a quaternary ammonium salt with high density charge and can be dissolved in water very easily.
Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride is non-flammable, non-explosive and stable at room temperature.


Formula: C8H16N.Cl
CAS No.: 7398-69-8
EC No.: 230-993-8
IUPAC Name: dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;chloride


Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride solution (DADMAC) is a hydrophilic quaternary ammonium compound that can be dissolved in an aqueous solution as a positively charged colloid.

The polymers occurring by DADMAC reaction is also known as poly-DADMAC and finds its application in a wide range of industrial application.

Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride is a water-soluble monomer of cationic quaternary ammonium salt with high efficiency.
There is an alkenyl double bond in the molecular structure, and it can form linear homopolymers and all kinds of copolymers by various polymerization reactions.






APPLICATIONS OF DIMETHYLDIALLYLAMMONIUMCHLORIDE (DIMDAC/DADMAC):
Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride is used as a cationic monomer solution for the fabrication of ion-selective polyelectrolytic anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes which can be used for the development of electrical power generation systems.
Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride may be grafted on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for use as an absorbent for cationic dyes.

Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride is mainly used to produce polymers, to synthesize all kinds of macromolecular water treating agents whose functions are neutralization, absorption, flocculation, purification, and decoloring, showing excellent effect in decoloring, killing algae, and removing organic compounds in wastewater treatment, paper making and textile printing&dyeing industry.

Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride is also used as a modifier of synthetic resin to bring products electrical conductivity and antistatic properties.
Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride is often used as an additive in daily chemicals to improve and modify product performances. As to petroleum chemicals, DADMAC can be used as a flocculant and blocking agent.

USES OF DIMETHYLDIALLYLAMMONIUMCHLORIDE:

Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride can be used as a cationic monomer to form copolymer and homopolymer.
Its polymer can be used in dyeing and finishing auxiliaries as advanced formaldehyde-free color fixing agent, it can foam film in the fabric and improve color fastness.
Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride can be used in papermaking, coating and antistatic agent, AKD sizing promoter as retention and drainage agent.

Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride can also be used to decolor, flocculate, and purity effectively and non-toxic in water treatment.
In daily chemical, Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride can be used as in shampoo carding agent, wetting agent and antistatic agent.
In oilfield chemical, Dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride can be used in clay stabilizer, acid fracturing cation additive and etc.
Its funcstions are neutralization, absorption, flocculation, purification and decoloration, especially showing the excellent conductivity and antistatic as modifier of a synthetic resin.




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIMETHYLDIALLYLAMMONIUMCHLORIDE (DIMDAC/DADMAC):

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OFDIMETHYLDIALLYLAMMONIUMCHLORIDE (DIMDAC/DADMAC):
Molecular Weight 161.67 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1
Rotatable Bond Count 4
Exact Mass 161.0971272 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 161.0971272 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 0Ų
Heavy Atom Count 10
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 91.1
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Appearance Colorless to slight-yellow liquid
Effective content ≥60% ≥65%
pH 5.0~7.0 5.0~7.0
Chroma ≤50hazen ≤50hazen
Sodium chloride ≤1.0% ≤1.0%






SYNONYMS OF DIMETHYLDIALLYLAMMONIUMCHLORIDE (DIMDAC/DADMAC):

DADMAC compound
diallyldimethylammonium chloride
Diallyldimethylammonium chloride
7398-69-8
Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride
N-allyl-N,N-dimethylprop-2-en-1-aminium chloride
Lectrapel
26062-79-3
Diallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Cat-floc
Quaternium 40
Agefloc WT 20
Merquat 100
Calgon 261LV
Calgon 261
2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride
Merck 261
Percol 1697
diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride
dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride
dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;chloride
Quaternium-40
PBK 1
CCRIS 8977
CP 261LV
PAS-H 10
HSDB 7258
VPK 402
261LV
Ammonium, diallyldimethyl-, chloride
EINECS 230-993-8
CP 261
NSC 59284
UNII-YFL33X52PX
UNII-163BBM0B4X
UNII-8MC08B895B
DTXSID4027650
E 261
8MC08B895B
COL 1620
NSC-59284
N,N-Dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-aminium chloride
DiallyldimethylammoniumChloride(60%inWater)
COL-1620
EC 230-993-8
Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride (60% in Water)
DTXCID407650
2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride,homopolymer
MFCD00192409
(C8-H16-N.Cl)x-
CAS-7398-69-8
DADMAC
starbld0003664
dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium chloride
C8H16N.Cl
YFL33X52PX
SCHEMBL20731
UNISENCE FPA 1002L
163BBM0B4X
NALCO 7544
NEW FRONTIER C 1615
CHEMBL3185104
N,N-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride
NSC59284
Tox21_201695
Tox21_303355
MFCD00043200
AKOS015902051
HY-W106486
NCGC00257309-01
NCGC00259244-01
LS-17297
dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)ammonium chloride
LS-123443
CS-0167991
D2003
FT-0624610
FT-0689120
DIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE [HSDB]
C-1615
DIALLYLDIMETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE [INCI]
F71242
Ammonium, diallyldimethyl-, chloride (7CI,8CI)
A837990
DIMETHYLBIS(PROP-2-EN-1-YL)AZANIUM CHLORIDE
W-104440
Q27270755
2-Propen-1-aminium,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride
N,N-dimethyl-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-aminium chloride
2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propen-1-yl-, chloride (1:1)
230-993-8 [EINECS]
2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propen-1-yl-, chloride (1:1) [ACD/Index Name]
2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride
7398-69-8 [RN]
Chlorure de N-allyl-N,N-diméthyl-2-propén-1-aminium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
diallyldimethylammonium chloride
DIMETHYL DIALLYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
dimethyldiallylammonium chloride
MFCD00043200 [MDL number]
N,N-dimethyl-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-aminium chloride
N,N-dimethyl-N-prop-2-en-1-ylprop-2-en-1-aminium chloride
N-Allyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-propen-1-aminium chloride [ACD/IUPAC Name]
N-Allyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-propen-1-aminiumchlorid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
N-Allyl-N,N-dimethylprop-2-en-1-aminium chloride
104814-50-8 [RN]
114355-07-6 [RN]
116811-08-6 [RN]
118338-80-0 [RN]
119310-15-5 [RN]
128665-21-4 [RN]
141092-78-6 [RN]
143477-08-1 [RN]
144306-62-7 [RN]
147025-96-5 [RN]
149611-39-2 [RN]
175716-65-1 [RN]
182893-02-3 [RN]
192799-01-2 [RN]
26062-79-3 [RN]
26189-16-2 [RN]
28301-34-0 [RN]
2-propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl, chloride
37293-23-5 [RN]
37317-00-3 [RN]
37353-76-7 [RN]
54398-19-5 [RN]
58829-43-9 [RN]
58829-44-0 [RN]
63661-21-2 [RN]
76484-84-9 [RN]
88353-41-7 [RN]
9072-48-4 [RN]
91315-75-2 [RN]
93357-85-8 [RN]
Agefloc WT 20
Ammonium, diallyldimethyl-, chloride
Ammonium, diallyldimethyl-, chloride (7CI,8CI)
Calgon 261
Calgon 261LV
Cat-floc
CP 261LV
DADMAC/DMDAAC
Diallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride
diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride
diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride
diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride
diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride
Diallyldimethylammonium chloridemissing
dimethylbis(prop-2-en-1-yl)azanium chloride
dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)ammonium chloride
dimethyl-di(prop-2-enyl)azanium chloride
EINECS 230-993-8
Lectrapel
Merquat 100
N,N-Dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-aminium chloride
PAS-H 10
PBK 1
Percol 1697
POLYDADMAC
Quaternium 40
Quaternium-40

Dimethylethanolamine is composed of a central nitrogen atom with two methyl groups (-CH3) attached to it and an ethyl group (-CH2CH3) attached to an oxygen atom.
Dimethylethanolamine is used in the production of polyurethane foams, coatings, adhesives, and sealants as a catalyst or catalyst precursor.
Dimethylethanolamine is a colorless liquid with a fishy or ammonia-like odor.

EINECS/ List number: 203-542-8
CAS number: 108-01-0
Molecular formula: C4H11NO
Molecular Weight: 89.14

Dimethylethanolamine is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH.
Dimethylethanolamine is a tertiary amine and an alcohol, and it is also known by other names such as N,N-dimethylethanolamine, Dimethylethanolamine, and DMAE.
Dimethylethanolamine (DMAE or Dimethylethanolamine) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH.

Dimethylethanolamines is bifunctional, containing both a tertiary amine and primary alcohol functional groups.
Dimethylethanolamine is a colorless viscous liquid.
Dimethylethanolamine is used in skin care products for improving skin tone and also taken orally as a nootropic.

Dimethylethanolamine is prepared by the ethoxylation of dimethylamine.
Dimethylethanolamine, also known as Dimethylaminoethanol (Dimethylethanolamine and DMAE respectively), Dimethylethanolamine is an organic compound which is industrially produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide with dimethylamine.
Dimethylethanolamine contains both an amine group and a hydroxyl group, and can therefore react as as an amine or an alcohol.

Dimethylethanolamine is a transparent, pale-yellow liquid.
Dimethylaminoethanol is used as a catalyst, corrosion inhibitor, addative to paint removers/boiler water/amino resins and it is used in cosmetic and biomedical products.
Dimethylethanolamine titanates, zirconates and other group IV-A metal esters are useful as dispersing agents for polymers, hydrocarbons and waxes in aqueous or organic solvent systems.

Dimethylethanolamine (often abbreviated as Dimethylethanolamine), is an organic compound which is industrially produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide with dimethylamine.
Dimethylethanolamine contains both an amine group and a hydroxyl group, and can therefore react as as an amine or an alcohol.
Dimethylethanolamine is a tertiary amine compound with the chemical formula C4H11NO.

Dimethylethanolamine is miscible with water, ethanol, and many organic solvents.
Dimethylethanolamine is primarily produced by the reaction of dimethylamine (DMA) with ethylene oxide (EO) under controlled conditions.
The reaction yields Dimethylethanolamine along with ethanolamine as a byproduct, which can be separated and purified.

Dimethylethanolamine finds applications in various industries.
Dimethylethanolamine is also utilized in the electronics industry for the synthesis of chemicals used in semiconductor manufacturing processes.
Dimethylethanolamine is employed as an emulsifier, surfactant, or pH regulator in the formulation of paints, coatings, detergents, and personal care products.

Dimethylethanolamine is utilized as a corrosion inhibitor, gas treatment agent, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds and chemical intermediates.
Dimethylethanolamine is important to handle Dimethylethanolamine with caution as it can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

Adequate ventilation and proper personal protective equipment should be used when working with Dimethylethanolamine.
Dimethylethanolamine, compliance with regulations and guidelines set by regulatory authorities is essential.

Boiling Point at 1 atm: 274.3°F = 134.6°C = 407.8°K
Freezing Point: –73.5°F = –58.6°C = 214.6°K
Critical Temperature: 572°F = 300°C = 573°K (est.)
Critical Pressure: 600 psia = 40.8 atm = 4.13 MN/m2
Specific Gravity: 0.8870 at 20°C
Liquid Surface Tension: 27.1 dynes/cm = 0.0271 N/m at 24.5°C
Liquid Water Interfacial Tension: Not pertinent
Vapor (Gas) Specific Gravity: 3.2
Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas): Currently not available
Latent Heat of Vaporization: 170.6 Btu/lb = 94.8 cal/g = 3.97 X 105 J/Kg
Heat of Combustion: 15508 Btu/lb = 8616 cal/g = 360 X 105 J/Kg
Melting point −70 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.886 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 3.03 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 100 mm Hg ( 55 °C)
refractive index. n20/D 1.4294(lit.)
Flash point: 105 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility alcohol: miscible(lit.)
form: Liquid
pka: pK1:9.26(+1) (25°C)
color: Clear colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Amine like
PH Range: 10.5 - 11.0 at 100 g/l at 20 °C
PH: 10.5-11 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit: 1.4-12.2%(V)
Water Solubilit: miscible
FreezingPoint: -59.0℃
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,2843
LogP: -0.55 at 23℃

Dimethylethanolamine can be synthesized through the reaction of dimethylamine with ethylene oxide.
The process typically involves the controlled addition of ethylene oxide to dimethylamine while maintaining specific reaction conditions.
Dimethylethanolamine should be handled with care as it is a flammable liquid and can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

Dimethylethanolamine is important to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working with Dimethylethanolamine and to follow proper safety protocols and guidelines.
Dimethylethanolamine has been studied for its potential biological effects and has been reported to have various physiological activities, however, Dimethylethanolamine is important to note that further research is needed to fully understand its effects.

Dimethylethanolamine has been found to possess cholinergic activity, meaning it affects the cholinergic neurotransmitter system.
Dimethylethanolamine has led to investigations into its potential role in cognitive function and memory enhancement.
Dimethylethanolamine has demonstrated antioxidant activity in some studies, which may contribute to its potential protective effects against oxidative stress-related damage.

Dimethylethanolamine is believed to have skin-firming properties and may promote increased skin elasticity.
Dimethylethanolamine has been used in some cosmetic formulations for its potential anti-aging effects.
Preliminary studies have suggested that Dimethylethanolamine may exhibit neuroprotective properties, which could have implications for conditions involving neuronal damage or degeneration.

Dimethylethanolamine is considered to be moderately toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
Dimethylethanolamine should be handled and disposed of responsibly, following local environmental regulations.
Dimethylethanolamine should be handled with caution, Dimethylethanolamine can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

Inhalation of high concentrations of Dimethylethanolamine vapor or mist should be avoided, and adequate ventilation should be provided in work areas where Dimethylethanolamine is used.
Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn when working with Dimethylethanolamine, including gloves, goggles, and a respirator if necessary.
Spills should be cleaned up promptly, and appropriate measures should be taken to prevent Dimethylethanolamine is release into the environment.

Different countries and regions may have specific regulations and restrictions regarding the production, handling, and use of Dimethylethanolamine.
Dimethylethanolamine is essential to comply with the applicable laws and guidelines in your location.
Inhalation of high concentrations of Dimethylethanolamine vapor or mist should be avoided, and adequate ventilation should be provided in work areas where it is used.

Dimethylethanolamine is an aminoalcohol, amines are chemical bases.
Dimethylethanolamine neutralize acids to form salts plus water.
Dimethylethanolamine, these acid-base reactions are exothermic.

Dimethylethanolamine, heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base.
Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

Dimethylethanolamine may react vigorously with oxidizing materials.
Dimethylethanolamine is a key intermediate in the production of dimethylaminoethyl-(meth)acrylate.
The water-soluble polymers produced from this ester, mostly by copolymerisation with acrylamide, are useful as flocculents.

Dimethylethanolamine is a clear hygroscopic liquid with an amine-like odor.
Dimethylethanolamine, freshly distilled product is colorless, but prolonged storage may cause a yellowish discoloration.

Dimethylethanolamine is believed to have skin-firming properties.
Dimethylethanolamine is used in certain anti-aging creams, lotions, and serums to help improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Dimethylethanolamine can act as a humectant, helping to attract and retain moisture in the skin.
Dimethylethanolamine is used in moisturizers and hydrating products to provide hydration and improve skin texture.
Dimethylethanolamine is sometimes included in formulations designed to brighten the skin and reduce the appearance of dark spots or hyperpigmentation.

Dimethylethanolamine can be used as a pH adjuster in cosmetic formulations to help maintain the desired pH level.
Dimethylethanolamine can react with acids to form esters, when Dimethylethanolamine reacts with acetic acid, it forms dimethylethanolamine acetate.

Dimethylethanolamine can be alkylated with alkyl halides or alkyl sulfates to produce quaternary ammonium salts.
These salts are commonly used as surfactants and cationic additives.
Dimethylethanolamine can undergo oxidation reactions, leading to the formation of compounds such as dimethylaminoethanal and dimethylaminoacetaldehyde.

Dimethylethanolamine is hygroscopic, which means it has a tendency to absorb moisture from the air.
Dimethylethanolamine, stored in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption, which can affect its stability and purity.

Dimethylethanolamine reacts with strong acids to form salts.
These salts are often used as catalysts, surfactants, and pH regulators in various industrial processes.
Dimethylethanolamine belongs to a group of compounds known as alkanolamines, which are organic compounds that contain both amine and alcohol functional groups, other common alkanolamines include monoethanolamine (MEA) and diethanolamine (DEA).

Dimethylethanolamine can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Prolonged or repeated exposure to high concentrations of Dimethylethanolamine vapor may lead to respiratory sensitization.
Dimethylethanolamine is important to handle Dimethylethanolamine in well-ventilated areas and to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure.

Dimethylethanolamine is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
Dimethylethanolamine is important to prevent its release into waterways and to follow proper disposal methods in accordance with local environmental regulations.
Dimethylethanolamine is commercially available from chemical suppliers and distributors.

Dimethylethanolamine is typically sold as a liquid in various quantities, ranging from small containers to bulk shipments.
Dimethylethanolamine continues to be a subject of research and development in various fields.
Scientists and researchers explore its potential applications, including its use as a catalyst, additive, or intermediate in the synthesis of new compounds and materials.

As always, it is crucial to refer to specific technical data sheets, safety data sheets (SDS), and regulatory information when working with Dimethylethanolamine, as the information may vary depending on the specific product and supplier.

Uses
Dimethylethanolamine is used as a catalyst, corrosion inhibitor, additive to paint removers/boiler water/amino resins and it is used in cosmetic and biomedical products.
The dry strength or wet strength of paper is increased by adding a homopolymer of Dimethylethanolaminee to the unbleached kraft paper.
Anion exchange resins can be prepared by reacting tertiary amines like Dimethylethanolamine or trimethylamine with the chloromethylated vinyl or styrene resin.

Increased exchange capacity is obtained by reacting a cross-linked polymer, containing haloalkyl functions, with an amine.
The anion exchange membranes are aminated with Dimethylethanolamine.
Dimethylethanolamine of PU foam for insulating purposes, the use of Dimethylethanolamine is a practical and effective way of reducing the total formula cost.

Dimethylethanolamine titanates, zirconates and other group IV-A metal esters are useful as dispersing agents for polymers, hydrocarbons and waxes in aqueous or organic solvent systems.
Dimethylethanolamine is an effective and versatile curing agent for epoxy resins.
Dimethylethanolamine also acts as viscosity reducing agent for resinous polyamides and other viscous hardeners.

Dimethylethanolamine is also an extremely good wetting agent for various filters in epoxy formulations.
Dimethylethanolamine can be utilized as a curing agent for epoxy resins, improving their performance and enhancing adhesion.
Dimethylethanolamine is employed as an emulsifier in the production of various products, such as paints, coatings, and detergents.

Dimethylethanolamine is also used in the production of certain pesticides and herbicides.
Dimethylethanolamine has applications as a pH adjuster in some household and industrial cleaning products.
Dimethylethanolamine improves the acid-dyeing properties of acrylonitrile polymers by copolymerisation of DMAE esters.

Dimethylethanolamine is used as a precursor in the synthesis of certain drugs and pharmaceutical compounds.
Dimethylethanolamine is used as a starting material or intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds, such as drugs, pharmaceutical intermediates, and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
Dimethylethanolamine can be used to introduce the dimethylaminoethyl group into molecules, which can affect their properties and biological activity.

Dimethylethanolamine is utilized as a catalyst or catalyst precursor in the production of polyurethane foams, coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
Dimethylethanolamine helps regulate the reaction and improve the properties of the final products.
In the electronics industry, Dimethylethanolamine is used as a precursor in the production of chemicals employed in semiconductor manufacturing processes, such as photoresists, etchants, and cleaning agents.

Dimethylethanolamine is used as an emulsifier, surfactant, or pH regulator in various industrial applications, including the production of paints, coatings, detergents, and personal care products.
Dimethylethanolamine can be employed as a corrosion inhibitor or as a component in metalworking fluids to enhance lubricity and reduce friction.
Dimethylethanolamine is sometimes used in gas treatment processes, such as the removal of acid gases (e.g., carbon dioxide) from natural gas streams.

Dimethylethanolamine is also utilized in research and development as a reagent in various chemical reactions and as a building block for the synthesis of new compounds.
Dimethylethanolamine is utilized in various industrial processes. It is used as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foam, where it helps regulate the reaction and improve the properties of the foam.
Dimethylethanolamine can also be employed as a corrosion inhibitor, surfactant, or pH regulator in certain industrial applications.

Dimethylethanolamine is used as a catalyst and curing agent in the production of certain adhesives and sealants.
Dimethylethanolamine is used in the formulation of skincare, haircare, and personal care products.
Dimethylethanolamine is known for its potential skin-firming and moisturizing properties.

Dimethylethanolamine is often found in anti-aging creams, serums, lotions, and brightening products.
Dimethylethanolamine is employed as a catalyst or catalyst precursor in the production of polyurethane foams, coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
Dimethylethanolamine helps regulate the reaction and improve the properties of the final products.

Dimethylethanolamine is used in gas treatment processes, such as gas sweetening, to remove acidic impurities like carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from natural gas and refinery streams.
Dimethylethanolamine is employed as an additive in paint and coating formulations to improve their flow, leveling, and film-forming properties.
Dimethylethanolamine can also act as a pH regulator and coalescing agent.

Dimethylethanolamine is used in water treatment processes as a pH adjuster and corrosion inhibitor.
Dimethylethanolamine helps control the pH of water and prevents corrosion in water systems.

Dimethylethanolamine is used in the production of certain agrochemicals, including herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.
Dimethylethanolamine can serve as a component or intermediate in the synthesis of these agricultural chemicals.
Dimethylethanolamine is sometimes utilized as an additive in gasoline to improve its octane rating and combustion characteristics.

Dimethylethanolamine can contribute to better fuel performance and engine efficiency.
Dimethylethanolamine is used in the production of photographic chemicals, such as developers and fixing agents.
Dimethylethanolamine can assist in the development and processing of photographic films and papers.

Dimethylethanolamine is employed as an adjuvant in various formulations, including agricultural products and vaccines.
Dimethylethanolamine helps enhance the effectiveness and stability of the active ingredients.
Dimethylethanolamine is utilized in waterborne coating systems as an additive to improve the dispersion of pigments and enhance the overall performance of the coating.

Dimethylethanolamine can be used as an additive in metalworking fluids, such as cutting fluids and coolants.
Dimethylethanolamine can improve lubricity, inhibit corrosion, and enhance the overall performance of metalworking processes.
Dimethylethanolamine is employed in the production of construction chemicals, including concrete admixtures and sealants.

Dimethylethanolamine can contribute to improved workability, strength, and durability of construction materials.
Dimethylethanolamine is used as a monomer in the synthesis of ion exchange resins.
Dimethylethanolamine resins are employed in various applications, such as water treatment, separation processes, and chemical purification.

Dimethylethanolamine is utilized in analytical chemistry techniques, such as gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), as a derivatizing agent for the analysis of certain compounds.
Dimethylethanolamine is used in the textile industry as a catalyst in the production of certain dyes and textile auxiliaries.
Dimethylethanolamine is occasionally used as a fuel additive to enhance combustion efficiency and reduce emissions in certain applications.

Dimethylethanolamine is employed as a solvent and cleaning agent in industrial applications.
Dimethylethanolamine can help dissolve and remove certain contaminants, oils, and residues.
Dimethylethanolamine is utilized as a solvent and reagent in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds and APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients).

Dimethylethanolamine can serve as a building block in the creation of specific molecular structures.
Dimethylethanolamine is utilized in research and development laboratories as a reagent or starting material for various chemical reactions.
Dimethylethanolamine can be used in the synthesis of new compounds, catalysts, or materials.

Dimethylethanolamine is utilized as a catalyst and curing agent in the production of certain adhesives and sealants.
Dimethylethanolamine contributes to the hardening and bonding properties of these products.
Dimethylethanolamine is used as a precursor in the production of chemicals employed in semiconductor manufacturing processes, such as photoresists, etchants, and cleaning agents.

Dimethylethanolamine serves as a component in the production of certain herbicides and pesticides used in agriculture and horticulture.
Dimethylethanolamine acts as an intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds used in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and chemical industries.
Dimethylethanolamine is used as a building block for the production of other chemicals and compounds.

Dimethylethanolamine can be used as a pH adjuster in various formulations to help maintain the desired pH level.
Dimethylethanolamine is employed in gas treatment processes, such as gas sweetening, to remove acidic impurities like carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from natural gas and refinery streams.
Dimethylethanolamine is a component in the production of certain herbicides and pesticides used in agriculture and horticulture.

Dimethylethanolamine can be used as a polymer additive to improve the performance and properties of polymers such as polyurethane.
Dimethylethanolamine serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various compounds used in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and chemical industries.
Dimethylethanolamine is used in some cosmetic and personal care products, Dimethylethanolamine is believed to have skin-firming properties and is used in certain anti-aging creams and lotions.

Dimethylethanolamine is employed in the electronics industry as a precursor in the production of certain chemicals used in the manufacturing of semiconductors and other electronic components.
Dimethylethanolamine is sometimes used in gas treatment processes to remove acid gases, such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, from natural gas and refinery streams.
Water-soluble Dimethylethanolamine salts are used to improve the behaviour of coatings and films to make them water-resistant or provide specific desired sensitivity to water.

The acid-dyeing capability of polyacrylonitrile is improved by copolymerisation of the acrylonitrile with Dimethylethanolamine esters, such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate.
Cellulose modified with the homopolymer of Dimethylethanolamine methacrylate can be dyed with ester salts of a leuco vat dye.
The impregnation of cellulose with polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate also improves the gas-fading resistance of the fabric.

Long-chain alkylphosphates of Dimethylethanolamine form anti-static agents for non-cellulosic hydrophobic textile materials.
Dimethylethanolamine is excellent for neutralising free acidity in water-soluble coating resins.
Dimethylethanolamine is often preferred to triethylamine when lower volatility is required, as in electrodeposition also improves pigment wettability.

Some synthetic enamels with a metallic appearance can be prepared from dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate polymers.
In flexographic inks Dimethylethanolamine can be used to solubilize resins and inoxes.
The adhesion of latex coatings can be improved by copolymerisation of the acrylic monomers with Dimethylethanolamine acrylate.

Alkylethanolamine salts of anionic surfactants are generally much more soluble than the corresponding sodium salts, both in water and oil systems.
Dimethylethanolamine can be an excellent starting material in the production of shampoos from fatty acids.
Dimethylethanolamine fatty acid soaps are especially effective as wax emulsifiers for water-resistant floor polishes.

Dimethylethanolamine serves as a curing agent for polyurethanes and epoxy resins, Dimethylethanolamineis used as an additive to boiler water.
Dimethylethanolamine is used therapeutically as a CNS stimulant.
Dimethylethanolamine used in the following products: coating products, adhesives and sealants, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, anti-freeze products, leather treatment products, lubricants and greases, polishes and waxes and textile treatment products and dyes.

Other release to the environment of Dimethylethanolamine is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

Dimethylethanolamine can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, Vehicles (e.g. personal vehicles, delivery vans, boats, trains, metro or planes)) and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products e.g. refrigerators, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, computers, telephones, drills, saws, smoke detectors, thermostats, radiators, large-scale stationary industrial tools).2-Dimethylaminoethanol (deanol, DMAE) may be employed as a ligand in the copper-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides and iodides.

Dimethylethanolamine is used as corrosion inhibitor, anti-scaling agent, paint additive, coating additive and solids separation agent.
Dimethylethanolamine is also used as an intermediate for active pharmaceutical ingredients and dyes.
Studies indicate skin-firming properties, and an ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles as well as dark circles under the eyes.

Dimethylethanolamine is considered anti-aging, and antiinflammatory, and has exhibited free-radical scavenging activity.
Dimethylethanolamine can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys) and metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery).
Dimethylethanolamine is used as a building block for the synthesis of cationic flocculants and ion exchange resins.

Dimethylethanolamine is used as an intermediate + buffering agent in the synthesis of coatings.
Dimethylethanolamine is used in the following products: coating products, lubricants and greases, inks and toners, laboratory chemicals, heat transfer fluids, paper chemicals and dyes, polymers, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and adhesives and sealants.
Dimethylethanolamine is used as a chemical intermediate for antihistamines and local anesthetics; as a catalyst for curing epoxy resins and polyurethanes; and as a pH control agent for boiler water treatment.

Dimethylethanolaminein the salt form, (i.e. dimethylaminoethanol acetamidobenzoate) is primarily utilized therapeutically as an antidepressant.
Dimethylethanolamine is used in the following areas: scientific research and development, building & construction work, offshore mining and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.

Dimethylethanolamine is used as a curing agent for polyurethanes and epoxy resins.
Dimethylethanolamine is a precursor to other chemicals, such as the nitrogen mustard 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride.[3] The acrylate ester is used as a flocculating agent.
Related compounds are used in gas purification, e.g. removal of hydrogen sulfide from sour gas streams.

Dimethylethanolamine is used for the manufacture of: , fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and metals.
Dimethylethanolamine is used in the following products: polymers, coating products, paper chemicals and dyes, lubricants and greases, inks and toners and heat transfer fluids.
Dimethylethanolamine is used in the following areas: building & construction work.

Dimethylethanolamine is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, , plastic products, rubber products, pulp, paper and paper products and fabricated metal products.
Release to the environment of Dimethylethanolamine can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in the production of articles, as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Production:
Dimethylethanolamine is primarily produced through the reaction of dimethylamine (DMA) with ethylene oxide (EO) under controlled conditions.
The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as an acid or a base.
The reaction between DMA and EO produces Dimethylethanolamine and ethanolamine as byproducts, which can be separated and purified.

Dimethylethanolamine is used in the following products: coating products, polymers, inks and toners, heat transfer fluids, lubricants and greases, paper chemicals and dyes and fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
Release to the environment of Dimethylethanolamine can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, formulation in materials, in the production of articles and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Hazard Statement(s)
H226: Dimethylethanolamine, flammable liquid and vapour.
H302 + H312: Dimethylethanolamine, harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin.

H314: Dimethylethanolamine, causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
H331: Dimethylethanolamine, toxic if inhaled.
H335: Dimethylethanolamine, may cause respiratory irritation.

Synonyms
2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol
Deanol
N,N-Dimethylethanolamine
108-01-0
Dimethylethanolamine
Dimethylaminoethanol
2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL
Norcholine
DMAE
Dimethylethanolamine
Bimanol
Liparon
N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol
Varesal
Propamine A
(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine
Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-
Kalpur P
Dimethylmonoethanolamine
Dimethylaminoaethanol
N,N-Dimethyl-2-aminoethanol
Amietol M 21
N,N-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine
N,N-Dimethyl ethanolamine
N-Dimethylaminoethanol
2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethanol
Dimethyl(hydroxyethyl)amine
Texacat DME
Dimethylaethanolamin
Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
2-(Dimethylamino)-1-ethanol
N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)dimethylamine
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
2-(Dimethylamino) ethanol
(Dimethylamino)ethanol
beta-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine
2-Dimethylamino-ethanol
beta-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol
2-Dwumetyloaminoetanolu
N-(Dimethylamino)ethanol
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine
Tegoamin Dimethylethanolamine
NSC 2652
Dabco Dimethylethanolamine
2-(dimethylamino)ethan-1-ol
Deanol [BAN]
2-Dimethylamino ethanol
N,N-Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
N,N'-Dimethylethanolamine
2-(dimethylamino)-ethanol
(CH3)2NCH2CH2OH
CHEMBL1135
.beta.-(Dimethylamino)ethanol
2N6K9DRA24
.beta.-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine
DTXSID2020505
.beta.-Dimethylaminoethyl alcohol
CHEBI:271436
Phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine
NSC-2652
Deanol (BAN)
N,N-DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL (DMAE)
NCGC00159413-02
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)amine
DTXCID00505
Deanol (N,N-Dimethylethanolamine)
Demanol
Demanyl
Tonibral
CAS-108-01-0
Dimethylaethanolamin
Dimethylamino ethanol
Dimethylaminoaethanol
CCRIS 4802
2-Dwumetyloaminoetanolu [Polish]
HSDB 1329
EINECS 203-542-8
UN2051
BRN 1209235
N,N-Dimethyl-N-ethanolamine
UNII-2N6K9DRA24
AI3-09209
Dimethylethanoiamine
Toyocat -DMA
dimethyl ethanolamine
dimethyl-ethanolamine
MFCD00002846
Paresan (Salt/Mix)
dimethyl ethanol amine
2-dimethyamino-ethanol
n,n-dimethylethanolamin
Biocoline (Salt/Mix)
N,N dimethylaminoethanol
DEANOL [WHO-DD]
DEANOL [MI]
N,N-dimethyl-ethanolamine
N,N-dimethylamino ethanol
N,N-dimethylethanol amine
N,N-dimethylethanol-amine
DEANOL [MART.]
2-Hydroxyethyldimethylamine
2-Dimethylaminoethanol [UN2051] [Corrosive]
EC 203-542-8
beta -(dimethylamino)ethanol
DIMETHYL MEA [INCI]
Dimethylaminoaethanol(german)
Choline chloride (Salt/Mix)
Luridin chloride (Salt/Mix)
beta -hydroxyethyldimethylamine
N,N-Dimethylethanolamine/Dimethylethanolamine
beta -dimethylaminoethyl alcohol
2-(N,N-dimethyl amino)ethanol
2-(N,N-dimethylamino) ethanol
N-hydroxyethyl-N,N-dimethylamine
2-(N,N-dimethyl amino) ethanol
Ni(1/4)OEN-Dimethylethanolamine
NSC2652
beta -(dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol
2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylethanaminium
WLN: Q2N1 & 1
2-Dimethylaminoethanol, >=99.5%
BCP22017
CS-M3462
.beta.-(Dimethylamino)ethyl alcohol
N, N-Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
Tox21_113163
Tox21_201821
Tox21_302844
BDBM50060526
N,N-Dimethyl-beta -hydroxyethylamine
STL282730
Dimethylaminopropylamine Reagent Grade
n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-n,n-dimethylamine
AKOS000118738
N,N-Dimethyl-.beta.-hydroxyethylamine
DB13352
N,N-DIMETHYLETHANOLAMINE [HSDB]
UN 2051
N, N-Dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine
NCGC00159413-03
NCGC00256454-01
NCGC00259370-01
BP-13447
N,N-Dimethyl-N-(beta -hydroxyethyl)amine
DB-002821
N, N-Dimethyl-N-(beta -hydroxyethyl)amine
D0649
D07777
2-Dimethylaminoethanol [UN2051] [Corrosive]
2-Dimethylaminoethanol, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
Q241049
2-Dimethylaminoethanol, analytical reference material
2-Dimethylaminoethanol, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
W-108727
Z104473552
2-Dimethylaminoethanol, purified by redistillation, >=99.5%
N,N-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, N,N-Dimethylethanolamine, Dimethylethanolamine

DESCRIPTION:
Dimethylformamide is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NC(O)H.
Commonly abbreviated as DMF (although this initialism is sometimes used for dimethylfuran, or dimethyl fumarate), this colourless liquid is miscible with water and the majority of organic liquids.
Dimethylformamide is a common solvent for chemical reactions.


CAS Number: 68-12-2
EC Number: 200-679-5


Dimethylformamide is odorless, but technical-grade or degraded samples often have a fishy smell due to impurity of dimethylamine.
Dimethylamine degradation impurities can be removed by sparging samples with an inert gas such as argon or by sonicating the samples under reduced pressure.
As its name indicates, Dimethylformamide is structurally related to formamide, having two methyl groups in the place of the two hydrogens.

Dimethylformamide is a polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent with a high boiling point.
Dimethylformamide facilitates reactions that follow polar mechanisms, such as SN2 reactions.

N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is the commonly employed solvent for chemical reactions.
Dimethylformamide is a useful solvent employed for the isolation of chlorophyll from plant tissues.
Dimethylformamide is widely employed reagent in organic synthesis.

Dimethylformamide plays multiple roles in various reactions such as solvent, dehydrating agent, reducing agent as well as catalyst.
Dimethylformamide is a multipurpose building block for the synthesis of compounds containing O, -CO, -NMe2, -CONMe2, -Me, -CHO as functional groups.

N,N-Dimethylformamide is a polar solvent commonly used in organic synthesis.
Dimethylformamide also acts as a multipurpose precursor for formylation, amination, aminocarbonylation, amidation and cyanation reactions

Dimethylformamide appears as a water-white liquid with a faint fishy odor.
Dimethylformamide is a member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.
Dimethylformamide has a role as a polar aprotic solvent, a hepatotoxic agent and a geroprotector.

Dimethylformamide is a volatile organic compound and a member of formamides.
Dimethylformamide is functionally related to a formamide.
Dimethylformamide is used as an industrial solvent and in the production of fibers, films, and surface coatings.

Acute (short-term) exposure to dimethylformamide has been observed to damage the liver in animals and in humans.
Symptoms of acute exposure in humans include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, alcohol intolerance, and rashes.

Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure to dimethylformamide by inhalation has resulted in effects on the liver and digestive disturbances in workers.
Human studies suggested a possible association between dimethylformamide exposure and testicular cancer, but further studies failed to confirm this relationship.
EPA has not classified dimethylformamide with respect to its carcinogenicity.


STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE:
As for most amides, the spectroscopic evidence indicates partial double bond character for the C-N and C-O bonds.
Thus, the infrared spectrum shows a C=O stretching frequency at only 1675 cm−1, whereas a ketone would absorb near 1700 cm−1.
Dimethylformamide is a classic example of a fluxional molecule.

The ambient temperature 1H NMR spectrum shows two methyl signals, indicative of hindered rotation about the (O)C-N bond.
At temperatures near 100 °C, the 500 MHz NMR spectrum of this compound shows only one signal for the methyl groups.

Dimethylformamide is miscible with water.
The vapour pressure at 20 °C is 3.5 hPa.
A Henry's law constant of 7.47 × 10−5 hPa m3 mol−1 can be deduced from an experimentally determined equilibrium constant at 25 °C.
The partition coefficient log POW is measured to −0.85
Since the density of Dimethylformamide (0.95 g cm−3 at 20 °C) is similar to that of water, significant flotation or stratification in surface waters in case of accidental losses is not expected.


REACTIONS OF DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE:
Dimethylformamide is hydrolyzed by strong acids and bases, especially at elevated temperatures.
With sodium hydroxide, Dimethylformamide converts to formate and dimethylamine.
Dimethylformamide undergoes decarbonylation near its boiling point to give dimethylamine.
Distillation is therefore conducted under reduced pressure at lower temperatures.

In one of its main uses in organic synthesis, Dimethylformamide was a reagent in the Vilsmeier–Haack reaction, which is used to formylate aromatic compounds.
The process involves initial conversion of Dimethylformamide to a chloroiminium ion, [(CH3)2N=CH(Cl)]+, known as a Vilsmeier reagent, which attacks arenes.

Organolithium compounds and Grignard reagents react with Dimethylformamide to give aldehydes after hydrolysis in a reaction named after Bouveault.
Dimethylformamide forms 1:1 adducts with a variety of Lewis acids such as the soft acid I2, and the hard acid phenol.
It is classified as a hard Lewis base and its ECW model base parameters are EB= 2.19 and CB= 1.31.
Its relative donor strength toward a series of acids, versus other Lewis bases, can be illustrated by C-B plots.

PRODUCTION OF DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE:
Dimethylformamide was first prepared in 1893 by the French chemist Albert Verley (8 January 1867 – 27 November 1959), by distilling a mixture of dimethylamine hydrochloride and potassium formate.

Dimethylformamide is prepared by combining methyl formate and dimethylamine or by reaction of dimethylamine with carbon monoxide.
Although currently impractical, Dimethylformamide can be prepared from supercritical carbon dioxide using ruthenium-based catalysts.

APPLICATIONS OF DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE:
The primary use of Dimethylformamide is as a solvent with low evaporation rate.
Dimethylformamide is used in the production of acrylic fibers and plastics.
Dimethylformamide is also used as a solvent in peptide coupling for pharmaceuticals, in the development and production of pesticides, and in the manufacture of adhesives, synthetic leathers, fibers, films, and surface coatings.

Dimethylformamide is used as a reagent in the Bouveault aldehyde synthesis and in the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, another useful method of forming aldehydes.
Dimethylformamide is a common solvent in the Heck reaction.
Dimethylformamide is also a common catalyst used in the synthesis of acyl halides, in particular the synthesis of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids using oxalyl or thionyl chloride.

The catalytic mechanism entails reversible formation of an imidoyl chloride (also known as the 'Vilsmeier reagent'):
Dimethylformamide penetrates most plastics and makes them swell.
Because of this property Dimethylformamide is suitable for solid phase peptide synthesis and as a component of paint strippers.

Dimethylformamide is used as a solvent to recover olefins such as 1,3-butadiene via extractive distillation.
Dimethylformamide is also used in the manufacturing of solvent dyes as an important raw material.
Dimethylformamide is consumed during reaction.

Pure acetylene gas cannot be compressed and stored without the danger of explosion.
Industrial acetylene is safely compressed in the presence of dimethylformamide, which forms a safe, concentrated solution.
The casing is also filled with agamassan, which renders it safe to transport and use.
As a cheap and common reagent, Dimethylformamide has many uses in a research laboratory.

Dimethylformamide is effective at separating and suspending carbon nanotubes, and is recommended by the NIST for use in near infrared spectroscopy of such.
Dimethylformamide can be utilized as a standard in proton NMR spectroscopy allowing for a quantitative determination of an unknown compound.
In the synthesis of organometallic compounds, it is used as a source of carbon monoxide ligands.

Dimethylformamide is a common solvent used in electrospinning.
Dimethylformamide is commonly used in the solvothermal synthesis of metal–organic frameworks.
Dimethylformamide -d7 in the presence of a catalytic amount of KOt-Bu under microwave heating is a reagent for deuteration of polyaromatic hydrocarbons.


N,N-Dimethylformamide (anhydrous) has been used as solvent for the synthesis of cytotoxic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) conjugate AN-152 (a chemotherapeutic drug) and fluorophore C625 [4-(N,N-diphenylamino)-4′-(6-O-hemiglutarate)hexylsulfinyl stilbene].
Dimethylformamide may be employed as solvent medium for the various organic reduction reactions.

Dimethylformamide has been used as a solvent in the following processes:
Multi-step synthesis of L-azidohomoalanine (L-Aha) during the substitution of the mesylate by sodium azide.
Synthesis of phosphine-FLAG, a detection reagent for metabolic labeling of glycans.
Synthesis of per-O-acetylated 6-azidofucose, a per-O-acetylated azido sugar.

Dimethylformamide is used as a solvent that has low ratio of evaporation in acrylic fibre and plastic production.
Dimethylformamide’s main advantage in this area is its ability to dissolve solid in high amounts.
Therefore, Dimethylformamide is more economic compared to many other solvents.

Dimethylformamide is also used in pesticide production.
Dimethylformamide is preferred in synthetic leather, glue and surface coating films.
Dimethylformamide is commonly used in dye and dye remover productions.
Dimethylformamide is used as byproduct and catalyst in many industrial reactions.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


SAFETY MEASURES AND TOXIC VALUES:
Dimethylformamide is a flammable chemical and it can yield exothermic reactions by itelf.
Therefore, Dimethylformamide must be kept away from direct fire.
Dimethylformamide is also toxic for humans.

Dimethylformamide is extremely irritant for skin and eyes.
Dimethylformamide is easily absorbed through skin and it may cause serious damage to liver.
Dimethylformamide may cause stomach ache, constipation, nausea and vomiting, head ache, weakness, vertigo, skin problems and alcohol intolerance.





CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE:
Chemical formula C3H7NO
Molar mass 73.095 g•mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor Odorless, fishy if impure
Density 0.948 g/mL
Melting point −61 °C (−78 °F; 212 K)
Boiling point 153 °C (307 °F; 426 K)
Solubility in water Miscible
log P −0.829
Vapor pressure 516 Pa
Acidity (pKa) -0.3 (for the conjugate acid) (H2O)
UV-vis (λmax) 270 nm
Absorbance 1.00
Refractive index (nD) 1.4305 (at 20 °C)
Viscosity 0.92 mPa s (at 20 °C)
Structure:
Dipole moment 3.86 D
Thermochemistry:
Heat capacity (C) 146.05 J/(K•mol)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) −239.4 ± 1.2 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) −1.9416 ± 0.0012 MJ/mol
CAS #: 68-12-2
EC Number: 200-679-5
Molar Mass: 73.09 g/mol
Chemical Formula: HCON(CH₃)₂
Hill Formula: C₃H₇NO
CAS number 68-12-2
EC index number 616-001-00-X
EC number 200-679-5
Hill Formula C₃H₇NO
Chemical formula HCON(CH₃)₂
Molar Mass 73.09 g/mol
HS Code 2924 19 00
Boiling point 153 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 0.944 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Explosion limit 2.2 - 16 %(V)
Flash point 57.5 °C
Ignition temperature 410 °C
Melting Point -61 °C (External MSDS)
pH value 7 (200 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 3.77 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility 1000 g/l soluble
Molecular Weight 73.09 g/mol
XLogP3 -1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1
Rotatable Bond Count 0
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
Exact Mass 73.052763847 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 73.052763847 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 20.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count 5
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 33.9
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Boiling point 153 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 0.944 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Explosion limit 2.2 - 16 %(V)
Flash point 57.5 °C
Ignition temperature 410 °C
Melting Point -61 °C (External MSDS)
pH value 7 (200 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 3.77 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility 1000 g/l soluble
Purity (GC) ≥ 99.8 %
Identity (IR) conforms
Appearance clear
Color ≤ 10 Hazen
Titrable acid ≤ 0.0005 meq/g
Titrable base ≤ 0.003 meq/g
Density (d 20 °C/20 °C) 0.949 - 0.952
Refractive index (n 20/D) 1.429 - 1.431
Boiling point 152 - 154 °C
Al (Aluminium) ≤ 0.00005 %
B (Boron) ≤ 0.000002 %
Ba (Barium) ≤ 0.00001 %
Ca (Calcium) ≤ 0.00005 %
Cd (Cadmium) ≤ 0.000005 %
Co (Cobalt) ≤ 0.000002 %
Cr (Chromium) ≤ 0.000002 %
Cu (Copper) ≤ 0.000002 %
Fe (Iron) ≤ 0.00001 %
Mg (Magnesium) ≤ 0.00001 %
Mn (Manganese) ≤ 0.000002 %
Ni (Nickel) ≤ 0.000002 %
Pb (Lead) ≤ 0.00001 %
Sn (Tin) ≤ 0.00001 %
Zn (Zinc) ≤ 0.00001 %
Evaporation residue ≤ 0.001 %
Water ≤ 0.10 %


SYNONYMS OF DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE:
14869-EP2272846A1
14869-EP2277868A1
14869-EP2277869A1
14869-EP2277870A1
14869-EP2284178A2
14869-EP2284179A2
14869-EP2287164A1
14869-EP2292608A1
14869-EP2298305A1
14869-EP2305033A1
14869-EP2308866A1
14869-EP2308878A2
14869-EP2314580A1
14869-EP2316830A2
191-EP1441224A2
191-EP2269610A2
191-EP2269975A2
191-EP2269977A2
191-EP2269978A2
191-EP2269979A1
191-EP2269985A2
191-EP2269988A2
191-EP2269989A1
191-EP2269990A1
191-EP2269991A2
191-EP2269992A1
191-EP2269993A1
191-EP2269994A1
191-EP2269997A2
191-EP2270001A1
191-EP2270003A1
191-EP2270004A1
191-EP2270005A1
191-EP2270006A1
191-EP2270008A1
191-EP2270009A1
191-EP2270010A1
191-EP2270011A1
191-EP2270012A1
191-EP2270013A1
191-EP2270014A1
191-EP2270015A1
191-EP2270018A1
191-EP2272509A1
191-EP2272516A2
191-EP2272517A1
191-EP2272537A2
191-EP2272813A2
191-EP2272822A1
191-EP2272825A2
191-EP2272826A1
191-EP2272827A1
191-EP2272828A1
191-EP2272832A1
191-EP2272834A1
191-EP2272835A1
191-EP2272838A1
191-EP2272839A1
191-EP2272840A1
191-EP2272841A1
191-EP2272843A1
191-EP2272845A2
191-EP2272848A1
191-EP2272972A1
191-EP2272973A1
191-EP2274983A1
191-EP2275102A1
191-EP2275105A1
191-EP2275401A1
191-EP2275409A1
191-EP2275410A1
191-EP2275411A2
191-EP2275412A1
191-EP2275413A1
191-EP2275414A1
191-EP2275415A2
191-EP2275416A1
191-EP2275420A1
191-EP2275422A1
191-EP2275423A1
191-EP2275425A1
191-EP2275469A1
191-EP2277848A1
191-EP2277858A1
191-EP2277861A1
191-EP2277865A1
191-EP2277866A1
191-EP2277867A2
191-EP2277868A1
191-EP2277869A1
191-EP2277870A1
191-EP2277872A1
191-EP2277874A1
191-EP2277875A2
191-EP2277877A1
191-EP2277878A1
191-EP2277882A1
191-EP2277945A1
191-EP2279741A2
191-EP2279750A1
191-EP2280001A1
191-EP2280003A2
191-EP2280006A1
191-EP2280008A2
191-EP2280009A1
191-EP2280010A2
191-EP2280012A2
191-EP2280014A2
191-EP2281563A1
191-EP2281810A1
191-EP2281812A1
191-EP2281813A1
191-EP2281815A1
191-EP2281819A1
191-EP2281822A1
191-EP2281823A2
191-EP2281861A2
191-EP2284148A1
191-EP2284149A1
191-EP2284150A2
191-EP2284151A2
191-EP2284152A2
191-EP2284153A2
191-EP2284154A1
191-EP2284155A2
191-EP2284156A2
191-EP2284157A1
191-EP2284160A1
191-EP2284164A2
191-EP2284166A1
191-EP2284169A1
191-EP2284171A1
191-EP2284172A1
191-EP2284174A1
191-EP2284178A2
191-EP2284179A2
191-EP2286811A1
191-EP2286812A1
191-EP2286915A2
191-EP2287140A2
191-EP2287148A2
191-EP2287150A2
191-EP2287156A1
191-EP2287161A1
191-EP2287162A1
191-EP2287164A1
191-EP2287165A2
191-EP2287166A2
191-EP2287167A1
191-EP2287168A2
191-EP2289483A1
191-EP2289510A1
191-EP2289871A1
191-EP2289876A1
191-EP2289881A1
191-EP2289883A1
191-EP2289886A1
191-EP2289890A1
191-EP2289891A2
191-EP2289892A1
191-EP2289893A1
191-EP2289894A2
191-EP2292088A1
191-EP2292228A1
191-EP2292589A1
191-EP2292590A2
191-EP2292593A2
191-EP2292595A1
191-EP2292597A1
191-EP2292606A1
191-EP2292611A1
191-EP2292613A1
191-EP2292615A1
191-EP2292617A1
191-EP2292619A1
191-EP2292620A2
191-EP2292621A1
191-EP2292625A1
191-EP2292628A2
191-EP2295053A1
191-EP2295401A2
191-EP2295402A2
191-EP2295406A1
191-EP2295407A1
191-EP2295409A1
191-EP2295410A1
191-EP2295411A1
191-EP2295412A1
191-EP2295413A1
191-EP2295414A1
191-EP2295415A1
191-EP2295416A2
191-EP2295417A1
191-EP2295418A1
191-EP2295419A2
191-EP2295426A1
191-EP2295427A1
191-EP2295428A2
191-EP2295429A1
191-EP2295432A1
191-EP2295433A2
191-EP2295434A2
191-EP2295435A1
191-EP2295437A1
191-EP2295439A1
191-EP2295503A1
191-EP2298312A1
191-EP2298728A1
191-EP2298731A1
191-EP2298734A2
191-EP2298735A1
191-EP2298736A1
191-EP2298742A1
191-EP2298743A1
191-EP2298744A2
191-EP2298745A1
191-EP2298747A1
191-EP2298748A2
191-EP2298749A1
191-EP2298750A1
191-EP2298755A1
191-EP2298758A1
191-EP2298759A1
191-EP2298761A1
191-EP2298762A2
191-EP2298764A1
191-EP2298765A1
191-EP2298768A1
191-EP2298770A1
191-EP2298774A1
191-EP2298775A1
191-EP2298776A1
191-EP2298779A1
191-EP2298780A1
191-EP2298783A1
191-EP2301534A1
191-EP2301536A1
191-EP2301538A1
191-EP2301544A1
191-EP2301909A1
191-EP2301912A2
191-EP2301916A2
191-EP2301918A1
191-EP2301921A1
191-EP2301922A1
191-EP2301923A1
191-EP2301925A1
191-EP2301926A1
191-EP2301928A1
191-EP2301929A1
191-EP2301930A1
191-EP2301931A1
191-EP2301932A1
191-EP2301933A1
191-EP2301935A1
191-EP2301936A1
191-EP2301937A1
191-EP2301939A1
191-EP2301940A1
191-EP2301983A1
191-EP2305250A1
191-EP2305254A1
191-EP2305627A1
191-EP2305636A1
191-EP2305637A2
191-EP2305640A2
191-EP2305641A1
191-EP2305643A1
191-EP2305644A1
191-EP2305647A1
191-EP2305648A1
191-EP2305652A2
191-EP2305658A1
191-EP2305659A1
191-EP2305660A1
191-EP2305664A1
191-EP2305666A1
191-EP2305667A2
191-EP2305668A1
191-EP2305671A1
191-EP2305672A1
191-EP2305674A1
191-EP2305675A1
191-EP2305676A1
191-EP2305677A1
191-EP2305679A1
191-EP2305681A1
191-EP2305682A1
191-EP2305684A1
191-EP2305687A1
191-EP2305688A1
191-EP2305689A1
191-EP2305695A2
191-EP2305696A2
191-EP2305697A2
191-EP2305698A2
191-EP2305769A2
191-EP2305808A1
191-EP2308479A2
191-EP2308812A2
191-EP2308832A1
191-EP2308833A2
191-EP2308838A1
191-EP2308840A1
191-EP2308841A2
191-EP2308844A2
191-EP2308845A2
191-EP2308846A2
191-EP2308848A1
191-EP2308849A1
191-EP2308851A1
191-EP2308855A1
191-EP2308857A1
191-EP2308861A1
191-EP2308866A1
191-EP2308867A2
191-EP2308869A1
191-EP2308870A2
191-EP2308872A1
191-EP2308873A1
191-EP2308874A1
191-EP2308875A1
191-EP2308876A1
191-EP2308879A1
191-EP2308880A1
191-EP2308882A1
191-EP2308883A1
191-EP2308960A1
191-EP2311451A1
191-EP2311455A1
191-EP2311464A1
191-EP2311494A1
191-EP2311796A1
191-EP2311797A1
191-EP2311798A1
191-EP2311799A1
191-EP2311805A1
191-EP2311806A2
191-EP2311807A1
191-EP2311808A1
191-EP2311810A1
191-EP2311815A1
191-EP2311818A1
191-EP2311824A1
191-EP2311825A1
191-EP2311826A2
191-EP2311827A1
191-EP2311829A1
191-EP2311830A1
191-EP2311831A1
191-EP2311837A1
191-EP2311838A1
191-EP2311840A1
191-EP2311842A2
191-EP2311850A1
191-EP2314295A1
191-EP2314575A1
191-EP2314576A1
191-EP2314577A1
191-EP2314580A1
191-EP2314581A1
191-EP2314582A1
191-EP2314583A1
191-EP2314584A1
191-EP2314586A1
191-EP2314590A1
191-EP2314593A1
191-EP2315303A1
191-EP2315502A1
191-EP2316450A1
191-EP2316452A1
191-EP2316457A1
191-EP2316458A1
191-EP2316470A2
191-EP2316824A1
191-EP2316825A1
191-EP2316827A1
191-EP2316828A1
191-EP2316829A1
191-EP2316830A2
191-EP2316831A1
191-EP2316832A1
191-EP2316833A1
191-EP2316834A1
191-EP2316835A1
191-EP2316836A1
191-EP2316905A1
191-EP2316906A2
191-EP2371797A1
191-EP2371798A1
191-EP2371800A1
191-EP2371804A1
191-EP2371808A1
191-EP2371812A1
191-EP2371814A1
191-EP2374454A1
191-EP2374790A1
191-EP2374791A1
191-EP2374895A1
191-EP2380873A1
192-EP2275418A1
192-EP2275420A1
192-EP2277565A2
192-EP2277566A2
192-EP2277567A1
192-EP2277568A2
192-EP2277569A2
192-EP2277570A2
192-EP2277875A2
192-EP2277945A1
192-EP2279741A2
192-EP2280008A2
192-EP2280012A2
192-EP2281815A1
192-EP2284172A1
192-EP2286811A1
192-EP2289894A2
192-EP2292280A1
192-EP2292600A1
192-EP2292624A1
192-EP2292628A2
192-EP2295055A2
192-EP2295408A1
192-EP2295416A2
192-EP2295426A1
192-EP2295427A1
192-EP2295437A1
192-EP2298738A1
192-EP2298743A1
192-EP2298748A2
192-EP2298770A1
192-EP2298775A1
192-EP2298776A1
192-EP2301911A1
192-EP2301924A1
192-EP2301926A1
192-EP2305250A1
192-EP2305642A2
192-EP2305658A1
192-EP2305667A2
192-EP2308479A2
192-EP2308833A2
192-EP2308842A1
192-EP2308874A1
192-EP2311453A1
192-EP2311815A1
192-EP2311818A1
192-EP2311820A1
192-EP2314295A1
192-EP2314581A1
192-EP2380874A2
68-12-2
70936-EP2269990A1
70936-EP2277945A1
70936-EP2281815A1
70936-EP2295425A1
70936-EP2295426A1
70936-EP2295427A1
70936-EP2298743A1
70936-EP2308833A2
70936-EP2374788A1
8696NH0Y2X
A836012
AI3-03311
AKOS000121096
BIDD:ER0600
bmse000709
C03134
CAS-68-12-2
Caswell No. 366A
CCRIS 1638
CHEBI:17741
CHEMBL268291
CS-CZ-00065
D.M.F
D.M.F.
D0722
D0939
D0E1KX
DB01844
di-methylformamide
dimehtylformamide
dimehtylformarnide
dimethlforamide
dimethlformamide
dimethlyformamide
dimethy formamide
dimethy1formamide
dimethyformamide
dimethyiformamide
dimethyl foramide
dimethyl form-amide
dimethyl formamid
Dimethyl formamide
Dimethyl Fornamide,(S)
dimethyl- formamide
dimethyl-Formamide
Dimethylamid kyseliny mravenci
Dimethylamid kyseliny mravenci [Czech]
dimethylf ormamide
dimethylfor- mamide
Dimethylforamide
dimethylform amide
dimethylform-amide
Dimethylformamid
Dimethylformamid [German]
dimethylformamid e
Dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide (DMFA)
DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE (MART.)
Dimethylformamide (N,N-)
DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE [MART.]
Dimethylformamide Reagent Grade ACS
Dimethylformamide, DMF
Dimethylformamide, N,N-
Dimethylformamide, n,n- Reagent Grade ACS
Dimethylformamide, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
dimethylformamide-
dimethylformarnide
dimethylforrnamide
Dimetilformamide
Dimetilformamide [Italian]
dimetylformamide
Dimetylformamidu
Dimetylformamidu [Czech]
dirnethylformamide
dirnethylformarnide
DMF
DMF (amide)
DMF (CHRIS Code)
DMF (dimethylformamide)
DMF, Dimethylformamide
DMF,SP Grade
DMFA
DTXCID20515
DTXSID6020515
Dwumetyloformamid
Dwumetyloformamid [Polish]
Dynasolve 100 (Salt/Mix)
EC 200-679-5
EINECS 200-679-5
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 366200
Formamida, n, n-dimetil-
formamide, dimethyl-
Formamide, N, N-dimethyl-
Formamide, N,N-dimethyl-
Formamide,N-dimethyl-
Formic acid, amide, N,N-dimethyl-
FORMIN ACID,AMIDE,N,N-DIMETHYL
Formyldimethylamine
FT-0629532
FT-0629533
FT-0639029
FT-0696040
HCON(CH3)2
HCONMe2
HSDB 78
LS-1577
MFCD00003284
N, N dimethylformamide
N, N'-dimethylformamide
N, N- dimethylformamide
N, N-di-methylformamide
N, N-dimethyl formamide
N, N-dimethyl-formamide
N, N-dimethylforamide
N, N-dimethylformaldehyde
N, N-dimethylformamide
N,N -dimethylformamide
N,N dimethyl formamide
N,N Dimethylformamide
N,N' dimethylformamide
N,N'-dimethylforamide
N,N'-Dimethylformamide
N,N'dimethylformamide
n,n,-dimethyl formamide
n,n,-dimethylformamide
n,n,dimethylformamide
N,N- dimethyl formamide
N,N- Dimethylformamide
N,N-di methylformamide
N,N-di-methyl formamide
N,N-di-methyl-formamide
N,N-di-methylformamide
N,N-di-methylforrnamide
N,N-dime-thylformamide
N,N-dimehtyl formamide
N,N-dimethl formamide
N,N-dimethlformamide
N,N-dimethvlformamide
N,N-dimethy formamide
N,N-dimethyformamide
N,N-dimethyl -formamide
N,N-dimethyl foramide
N,N-dimethyl formamid
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
N,N-dimethyl- formamide
n,n-dimethyl-Formamide
N,N-dimethylfor mamide
N,N-dimethylfor-mamide
N,n-dimethylforamide
N,N-dimethylform-amide
N,N-Dimethylformaldehyde
N,N-Dimethylformamid
N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE (IARC)
N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE [HSDB]
N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE [IARC]
N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE [MI]
N,N-Dimethylformamide [UN2265] [Flammable liquid]
N,N-Dimethylformamide [UN2265] [Flammable liquid]
N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE [USP-RS]
N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE [WHO-DD]
N,N-Dimethylformamide HPLC grade
N,N-Dimethylformamide HPLC, UV-IR min. 99.9%, isocratic grade
N,N-Dimethylformamide, 99.8%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, ACS grade
N,N-Dimethylformamide, ACS reagent, >=99.8%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, ACS spectrophotometric grade, >=99.8%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, AldraSORB(TM), 99.8%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, analytical standard
N,N-Dimethylformamide, anhydrous
N,N-Dimethylformamide, anhydrous, 99.8%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, anhydrous, amine free
N,N-Dimethylformamide, anhydrous, ZerO2(TM), 99.8%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, AR, >=99.5%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, biotech grade
N,N-Dimethylformamide, biotech. grade, >=99.9%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, for HPLC, >=99.5%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, for HPLC, >=99.9%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, for molecular biology, >=99%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, HPLC Grade
N,N-Dimethylformamide, JIS special grade, >=99.5%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, LR, >=99%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, p.a., 99.8%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.8%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.8%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.8% (GC)
N,N-Dimethylformamide, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, Spectrophotometric Grade
N,N-Dimethylformamide, suitable for neutral marker for measuring electroosmotic flow (EOF), ~99%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.7%
N,N-Dimethylformamide, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, anhydrous, >=99.8%
N,N-dimethylformamide-
n,n-dimethylformamide-1-d
N,N-dimethylformamide; dimethyl formamide
N,N-dimethylformarnide
N,N-dimethylforrnamide
N,N-Dimethylmethanamide
N,N-Dimetilformamida
N,N-Dimetilformamida [Spanish]
N,N-dimetyl formamide
N,N-dimetylformamide
N,N-dirnethylformamide
n,n.dimethylformamide
n-dimethylformamide
N-Formyldimethylamine
N.N-dimethylformamide
NA2265
NCGC00090785-01
NCGC00090785-02
NCGC00090785-03
NCGC00090785-04
NCGC00090785-05
NCGC00254093-01
NCGC00258811-01
NCI-C60913
NSC 5356
NSC-5356
NSC5356
Q409298
s6192
STL264197
Tox21_201259
Tox21_300039
U-4224
UN 2265
UN2265
UNII-8696NH0Y2X
USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 366200
WLN: VHN1&1
Z220615596

DIMETHYLOL GLYCOL, N° CAS : 3586-55-8, Nom INCI : DIMETHYLOL GLYCOL, Nom chimique : (ethylenedioxy)dimethanol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 222-720-6, Classification : Glycol, Ses fonctions (INCI). Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes

DIMETHYLOL UREA, N° CAS : 140-95-4, Nom INCI : DIMETHYLOL UREA, Nom chimique : 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)urea, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-444-0. Ses fonctions (INCI): Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes

DIMETHYLTOLYLAMINE, N° CAS : 99-97-8. Nom INCI : DIMETHYLTOLYLAMINE. Nom chimique : N,N-Dimethyl-p-Tolylamine; N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine; Dimethyl-4-toluidine; N,N-Dimethyl-4-methylaniline. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 202-805-4. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'entretien des ongles : Améliore les caractéristiques esthétiques des ongles

CAS number: 9006-65-9
Chemical formula: CH3)3-Si-[O-Si(CH3)2]n-O-Si(CH3)3
Molecular weight: 6,800 to 30,000 (average and approximate)
E number: E900

Dimethylpolysiloxane, also known as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is a form of silicone used as an antifoaming agent in food with the European food additive number E900.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is commonly used in frying oil due to its good defoaming effectiveness at high temperatures.

Dimethylpolysiloxane (PDMS), also known as dimethylpolysiloxane or dimethicone, belongs to a group of polymeric organosilicon compounds that are commonly referred to as silicones.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is the most widely used silicon-based organic polymer, as its versatility and properties lead to many applications.

Dimethylpolysiloxane is particularly known for its unusual rheological (or flow) properties.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is optically clear and, in general, inert, non-toxic, and non-flammable.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is one of several types of silicone oil (polymerized siloxane).
Dimethylpolysiloxane's applications range from contact lenses and medical devices to elastomers; Dimethylpolysiloxane is also present in shampoos (as it makes hair shiny and slippery), food (antifoaming agent), caulking, lubricants and heat-resistant tiles.

What is dimethylpolysiloxane?
Dimethylpolysiloxane also called E900, polymethylsiloxane or dimethicone, is a silicon-based polymer used as a lubricant and conditioning agent.
Dimethylpolysiloxane functions as an anti-foaming agent, skin conditioning agent, occlusive and skin protectant.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is found in many cosmetic and hygiene products like nail polish, conditioners, make-up, contact lens solutions, sunscreens, deodorants, and shampoo.
Examples of products that contain dimethicone include Lotion and Baby Cream.

Definition of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
Dimethylpolysiloxane is made of two parts:
(CH3)2 SiO: fully methylated linear siloxane polymers composed of repeating units of the formula (CH3)2 SiO
(CH3)3 SiO: end-blocking trimethylsiloxy (CH3)3 SiO, with the stabilization function.

What’s the Application of Dimethylpolysiloxane?
Dimethylpolysiloxane's applications are widely such as in aerospace, aviation, food, chemical, metallurgy, medical and healthcare fields as most of the silicone products (such as silicone oil, silicone rubber, silicone resin) are obtained by the reaction of polydimethylsiloxanes with regulators, cross-linking agents, capping agents, etc.
PDMS has many excellent physical and chemical properties, such as high and low-temperature resistance, radiation resistance, oxidation resistance, high air permeability, weather resistance, mold release, hydrophobicity, and physiological inertness.

Food applications of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
PDMS is commonly used as an antifoaming agent in cooking oils, processed foods, and fast food as it prevents the formation of foam on the surface of liquids by reducing the surface tension.
Usually, Dimethylpolysiloxane's applied viscosity varies from 300 to 1,050 centistokes at 25 ºC in food.

Cosmetics applications of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
Per the “European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients”, Dimethylpolysiloxane functions as an antifoaming, emollient, skin conditioning and skin protecting agent in cosmetic and personal care products.
We can find Dimethylpolysiloxane in shampoos, conditioners and skin care products.
Dimethylpolysiloxanes common viscosity is 100 and 350 centistokes at 25 ºC.

What is Dimethylpolysiloxane Used for?
PDMS is a silicon-based organic polymer that can be used as an antifoaming agent in fruit and vegetable juices, also it is an anticaking agent in confectionery and flour products, and meanwhile an emulsifier in edible oils essentially free of water.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is a food-grade additive acts as an anti-foaming agent to protect their crew from excessive foaming, splashing or bubbling, which occurs when food is added to very hot oil.

Authorised Uses of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
The following foods may contain Dimethylpolysiloxane:
-Oils and fats for frying
-Chewing gum
-Batters
-Soups and broths
-Pineapple juice
-Flavoured drinks
-Cider and perry
-Fruit or vegetable spreads
-Decorations, coatings and fillings
-Canned or bottled fruit and vegetables
-Food supplements in effervescent tablet form
-Confectionery including breath freshening microsweets
-Jam, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut purée

Also, Dimethylpolysiloxane can be used:
-as a carrier in glazing agents for fruit
-in all flavourings
-In preparations of beta-carotene and lycopene

Currently, dimethylpolysiloxane (E 900) is an authorized food additive, used as an antifoaming agent in foods:
-Fats and oils essentially free from water (excluding anhydrous milk fat)
-Other fat and oil emulsions including spreads and liquid emulsions
-Canned or bottled fruit and vegetables
-Jam, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut purée.
-Other similar fruit or vegetable spreads
-Other confectionery including breath freshening microsweets
-Chewing gum
-Decorations, coatings and fillings, except fruit‐based fillings
-Batters
-Soups and broths
-Fruit juices and vegetable juices
-Flavored drinks
-Cider and perry

Structure of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
The chemical formula for Dimethylpolysiloxane is CH3[Si(CH3)2O]nSi(CH3)3, where n is the number of repeating monomer [SiO(CH3)2] units.

Branching and capping:
Hydrolysis of Si(CH3)2Cl2 generates a polymer that is terminated with silanol groups (−Si(CH3)2OH]).
These reactive centers are typically "capped" by reaction with trimethylsilyl chloride:

2 Si(CH3)3Cl + [Si(CH3)2O]n−2[Si(CH3)2OH]2 → [Si(CH3)2O]n−2[Si(CH3)2O Si(CH3)3]2 + 2 HCl
Silane precursors with more acid-forming groups and fewer methyl groups, such as methyltrichlorosilane, can be used to introduce branches or cross-links in the polymer chain.
Under ideal conditions, each molecule of such a compound becomes a branch point.
Dimethylpolysiloxane can be used to produce hard silicone resins.
In a similar manner, precursors with three methyl groups can be used to limit molecular weight, since each such molecule has only one reactive site and so forms the end of a siloxane chain.

Well-defined PDMS with a low polydispersity index and high homogeneity is produced by controlled anionic ring-opening polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane.
Using this methodology it is possible to synthesize linear block copolymers, heteroarm star-shaped block copolymers and many other macromolecular architectures.

The polymer is manufactured in multiple viscosities, ranging from a thin pourable liquid (when n is very low), to a thick rubbery semi-solid (when n is very high).
Dimethylpolysiloxane molecules have quite flexible polymer backbones (or chains) due to their siloxane linkages, which are analogous to the ether linkages used to impart rubberiness to polyurethanes.
Such flexible chains become loosely entangled when molecular weight is high, which results in Dimethylpolysiloxane unusually high level of viscoelasticity.

Mechanical properties of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
PDMS is viscoelastic, meaning that at long flow times (or high temperatures), Dimethylpolysiloxane acts like a viscous liquid, similar to honey.
However, at short flow times (or low temperatures), Dimethylpolysiloxane acts like an elastic solid, similar to rubber.
Viscoelasticity is a form of nonlinear elasticity that is common amongst noncrystalline polymers.
The loading and unloading of a stress-strain curve for Dimethylpolysiloxane do not coincide; rather, the amount of stress will vary based on the degree of strain, and the general rule is that increasing strain will result in greater stiffness.

When the load itself is removed, the strain is slowly recovered (rather than instantaneously).
This time-dependent elastic deformation results from the long-chains of the polymer.
But the process that is described above is only relevant when cross-linking is present; when it is not, the polymer PDMS cannot shift back to the original state even when the load is removed, resulting in a permanent deformation.
However, permanent deformation is rarely seen in PDMS, since Dimethylpolysiloxane is almost always cured with a cross-linking agent.

If some PDMS is left on a surface overnight (long flow time), it will flow to cover the surface and mold to any surface imperfections.
However, if the same PDMS is poured into a spherical mold and allowed to cure (short flow time), it will bounce like a rubber ball.
The mechanical properties of PDMS enable this polymer to conform to a diverse variety of surfaces.
Since these properties are affected by a variety of factors, this unique polymer is relatively easy to tune.

This enables Dimethylpolysiloxane to become a good substrate that can easily be integrated into a variety of microfluidic and microelectromechanical systems.
Specifically, the determination of mechanical properties can be decided before PDMS is cured; the uncured version allows the user to capitalize on myriad opportunities for achieving a desirable elastomer.
Generally, the cross-linked cured version of Dimethylpolysiloxane resembles rubber in a solidified form.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is widely known to be easily stretched, bent, compressed in all directions.
Depending on the application and field, the user is able to tune the properties based on what is demanded.

Dimethylpolysiloxane has a low elastic modulus which enables it to be easily deformed and results in the behavior of a rubber.
Viscoelastic properties of Dimethylpolysiloxane can be more precisely measured using dynamic mechanical analysis.
This method requires determination of the material's flow characteristics over a wide range of temperatures, flow rates, and deformations.
Because of Dimethylpolysiloxane's chemical stability, it is often used as a calibration fluid for this type of experiment.

The shear modulus of Dimethylpolysiloxane varies with preparation conditions, and consequently dramatically varies in the range of 100 kPa to 3 MPa.
The loss tangent is very low (tan δ ≪ 0.001).

Chemical compatibility:
Dimethylpolysiloxane is hydrophobic.
Plasma oxidation can be used to alter the surface chemistry, adding silanol (SiOH) groups to the surface.
Atmospheric air plasma and argon plasma will work for this application.
This treatment renders the Dimethylpolysiloxane surface hydrophilic, allowing water to wet it.

The oxidized surface can be further functionalized by reaction with trichlorosilanes.
After a certain amount of time, recovery of the surface's hydrophobicity is inevitable, regardless of whether the surrounding medium is vacuum, air, or water; the oxidized surface is stable in air for about 30 minutes.
Alternatively, for applications where long-term hydrophilicity is a requirement, techniques such as hydrophilic polymer grafting, surface nanostructuring, and dynamic surface modification with embedded surfactants can be of use.

Solid Dimethylpolysiloxane samples (whether surface-oxidized or not) will not allow aqueous solvents to infiltrate and swell the material.
Thus Dimethylpolysiloxane structures can be used in combination with water and alcohol solvents without material deformation.
However most organic solvents will diffuse into the material and cause it to swell.
Despite this, some organic solvents lead to sufficiently small swelling that they can be used with Dimethylpolysiloxane, for instance within the channels of PDMS microfluidic devices.

The swelling ratio is roughly inversely related to the solubility parameter of the solvent.
Diisopropylamine swells Dimethylpolysiloxane to the greatest extent; solvents such as chloroform, ether, and THF swell the material to a large extent.
Solvents such as acetone, 1-propanol, and pyridine swell the material to a small extent.
Alcohols and polar solvents such as methanol, glycerol and water do not swell the material appreciably.

Applications of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
Dimethylpolysiloxane is a common surfactant and is a component of defoamers.
Dimethylpolysiloxane, in a modified form, is used as an herbicide penetrant and is a critical ingredient in water-repelling coatings, such as Rain-X.

Hydraulic fluids and related applications of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
Dimethicone is used in the active silicone fluid in automotive viscous limited slip differentials and couplings.

Soft lithography:
Dimethylpolysiloxane is commonly used as a stamp resin in the procedure of soft lithography, making it one of the most common materials used for flow delivery in microfluidics chips.
The process of soft lithography consists of creating an elastic stamp, which enables the transfer of patterns of only a few nanometers in size onto glass, silicon or polymer surfaces.
With this type of technique, it is possible to produce devices that can be used in the areas of optic telecommunications or biomedical research.
The stamp is produced from the normal techniques of photolithography or electron-beam lithography.
The resolution depends on the mask used and can reach 6 nm.

The popularity of Dimethylpolysiloxane in microfluidics area is due to its excellent mechanical properties.
Moreover, compared to other materials, it possesses superior optical properties, allowing for minimal background and autofluorescence during for fluorescent imaging.

In biomedical (or biological) microelectromechanical systems (bio-MEMS), soft lithography is used extensively for microfluidics in both organic and inorganic contexts.
Silicon wafers are used to design channels, and PDMS is then poured over these wafers and left to harden.
When removed, even the smallest of details is left imprinted in the Dimethylpolysiloxane.
With this particular Dimethylpolysiloxane block, hydrophilic surface modification is conducted using plasma etching techniques.

Plasma treatment disrupts surface silicon-oxygen bonds, and a plasma-treated glass slide is usually placed on the activated side of the Dimethylpolysiloxane (the plasma-treated, now hydrophilic side with imprints).
Once activation wears off and bonds begin to reform, silicon-oxygen bonds are formed between the surface atoms of the glass and the surface atoms of the PDMS, and the slide becomes permanently sealed to the PDMS, thus creating a waterproof channel.
With these devices, researchers can utilize various surface chemistry techniques for different functions creating unique lab-on-a-chip devices for rapid parallel testing.
Dimethylpolysiloxane can be cross-linked into networks and is a commonly used system for studying the elasticity of polymer networks.

Dimethylpolysiloxane can be directly patterned by surface-charge lithography.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is being used in the making of synthetic gecko adhesion dry adhesive materials, to date only in laboratory test quantities.

Some flexible electronics researchers use Dimethylpolysiloxane because of its low cost, easy fabrication, flexibility, and optical transparency.
Yet, for fluorescence imaging at different wavelengths, Dimethylpolysiloxane shows least autofluorescence and is comparable to BoroFloat glass.

In stereo lithography (SLA) 3D printing, light is projected onto photocuring resin to selectively cure it.
Some types of SLA printer are cured from the bottom of the tank of resin and therefore require the growing model to be peeled away from the base in order for each printed layer to be supplied with a fresh film of uncured resin.
A Dimethylpolysiloxane layer at the bottom of the tank assists this process by absorbing oxygen : the presence of oxygen adjacent to the resin prevents it adhering to the Dimethylpolysiloxane, and the optically clear PDMS permits the projected image to pass through to the resin undistorted.

Medicine and cosmetic applications of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
Activated dimethicone, a mixture of polydimethylsiloxanes and silicon dioxide (sometimes called simethicone), is often used in over-the-counter drugs as an antifoaming agent and carminative.
Dimethylpolysiloxane has also been at least proposed for use in contact lenses.

Silicone breast implants are made out of a Dimethylpolysiloxane elastomer shell, to which fumed amorphous silica is added, encasing PDMS gel or saline solution.
In addition, Dimethylpolysiloxane is useful as a lice or flea treatment because of its ability to trap insects.
Dimethylpolysiloxane also works as a moisturizer that is lighter and more breathable than typical oils.

Skin applications of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
Dimethylpolysiloxane is used variously in the cosmetic and consumer product industry as well.
For example, Dimethylpolysiloxane can be used in the treatment of head lice on the scalp and dimethicone is used widely in skin-moisturizing lotions where it is listed as an active ingredient whose purpose is "skin protection."
Some cosmetic formulations use dimethicone and related siloxane polymers in concentrations of use up to 15%.

Hair applications of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
Dimethylpolysiloxane compounds such as amodimethicone, are effective conditioners when formulated to consist of small particles and be soluble in water or alcohol/act as surfactants (especially for damaged hair), and are even more conditioning to the hair than common dimethicone and/or dimethicone copolyols.

A proposed use of Dimethylpolysiloxane is contact lens cleaning.
Dimethylpolysiloxanes physical properties of low elastic modulus and hydrophobicity have been used to clean micro and nano pollutants from contact lens surfaces more effectively than multipurpose solution and finger rubbing; the researchers involved call the technique PoPPR (polymer on polymer pollution removal) and note that it is highly effective at removing nanoplastic that has adhered to lenses.

Flea treatment for pets:
Dimethicone is the active ingredient in a liquid applied to the back of the neck of a cat or dog from a small one time use dose disposable pipette.
The parasite becomes trapped and immoblised in the substance and thus breaks the life cycle of the insect.

Foods:
Dimethylpolysiloxane is added to many cooking oils (as an antifoaming agent) to prevent oil splatter during the cooking process.
As a result of this, Dimethylpolysiloxane can be found in trace quantities in many fast food items such as McDonald's Chicken McNuggets, french fries, hash browns, milkshakes and smoothies and Wendy's french fries.
Under European food additive regulations, Dimethylpolysiloxane is listed as E900.

Dimethylpolysiloxane is an anti-foaming agent derived from silicone found in a variety of foods, including cooking oil, vinegar, chewing gum, and chocolate.
Dimethylpolysiloxane's added to oil to prevent it from bubbling up when frozen ingredients are added, so it improves the safety and life of the product.
While the risk of toxicity is considered low, Dimethylpolysiloxane's not a chemical you'd ordinarily consider to be "food."
Dimethylpolysiloxane's also found in putty, shampoo, and caulk, which are products you certainly wouldn't want to eat.

One ingredient that particularly caught my attention is dimethylpolysiloxane, also known as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
Dimethylpolysiloxane is a compound known as a silicone.
Dimethylpolysiloxane’s a polymer – a large molecule made up of multiple smaller parts – that contains alternating silicon and oxygen atoms.
Dimethylpolysiloxane has a wide range of applications, such as skincare, shampoos, and lubricants.

Dimethylpolysiloxane is also found in food, where is it used an anti-foaming agent to prevent oil splatters during the cooking process.
Thus, Dimethylpolysiloxane is present in numerous fast food items, including those beloved McDonald’s French fries.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is more commonly known as a component of Silly Putty, a popular children’s toy with elastic properties.

Applications of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
Dimethylpolysiloxane is a clear, colorless fluid polymer useful as a stationary phase in gas chromatography and as an anti-foaming agent.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is used in protein chromatography and affininty chromatography.
Dimethylpolysiloxane was used to determine that postprandial inflammatory response after ingestion of heated oils in obese persons is reduced by the presence of phenol compounds.

Condom lubricant:
Dimethylpolysiloxane is widely used as a condom lubricant.

InChI key: SEUDSDUUJXTXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
viscosity: 500 cSt(25 °C)(lit.)
InChI: 1S/C2H6OSi/c1-4(2)3/h1-2H3
mol wt: ~17,250
Quality Level: 100

CAS Number: 9006-65-9
ECHA InfoCard: 100.126.442
E number: E900 (glazing agents, ...)
UNII: 92RU3N3Y1O
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID0049573
Chemical formula: (C2H6OSi)n
Density: 965 kg/m3

Description of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
Polydimethylsiloxane belongs to a group of polymeric organosilicon compounds that are commonly referred to as silicones.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is the most widely used silicon-based organic polymer, and is particularly known for its unusual rheological properties.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is optically clear, and, in general, is considered to be inert, non-toxic and non-flammable.
Dimethylpolysiloxanes applications range from contact lenses and medical devices to elastomers.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is present, also, in shampoos, caulking, lubricating oils, and heat-resistant tiles.

Chemical Properties of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
Appearance : Colourless liquid
Boiling Point: 155-220°C
CAS Number: 9016-00-6
HS Code: 39100000
IUPAC Name: Poly(dimethylsiloxane)
Melting Point: -35°C
Molecular Formula: (C2H6OSi)n
RTECS Number: TQ2690000
Refractive: n20/D 1.4035
Solubility: Insoluble
Synonyms: Polydimethylsiloxane, Trimethylsiloxy Term;Polydimethylsiloxane, Trimethylsiloxy Terminated, Blend;Polydimethylsiloxanes, Trimethylsiloxy Terminated;Silicone Fluid;Silicone Fluid, 100;Silicone Fluid 1,000;Silicone Fluid 500;Aeropax; E900;PDMS;Dimethicone

What is Dimethylpolysiloxane made of?
Dimethylpolysiloxane is an anti-foaming agent derived from silicone found in a variety of foods, including cooking oil, vinegar, chewing gum, and chocolate.
Dimethylpolysiloxane’s added to oil to prevent it from bubbling up when frozen ingredients are added, so it improves the safety and life of the product.

What is Dimethylpolysiloxane used in?
Dimethylpolysiloxane functions as an anti-foaming agent, skin conditioning agent, occlusive and skin protectant.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is found in many cosmetic and hygiene products like nail polish, conditioners, make-up, contact lens solutions, sunscreens, deodorants, and shampoo.

Is Dimethylpolysiloxane natural?
More commonly known as Dimethylpolysiloxane, dimethylpolysiloxane is a silicon-based synthetic polymer (so plastic, basically) that’s used as an anti-foaming and anti-caking agent and emulsifier in processed foods.

What is polydimethylsiloxane in food?
Dimethylpolysiloxane, also known as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is a form of silicone used as an antifoaming agent in food with the European food additive number E900.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is commonly used in frying oil due to its good defoaming effectiveness at high temperatures.

How do you make polysiloxane?
Linear polysiloxane can be synthesized by both anionic and cationic polymerizations of cyclic siloxanes such as hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (n = 3) and octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane (n = 4).
Anionic polymerization is initiated by hydroxide, alkoxides, phenolates, silanolates and siloxoanolates.

How is polysiloxane made?
Silicone synthesis typically involves the hydrolysis of chlorosilanes into linear or cyclic siloxane oligomers, which are then polymerized into polysiloxanes by polycondensation or polymerization, respectively.
The most common polysiloxane is linear poly(dimethylsiloxane).

What is polysiloxane paint?
The secret to the performance of polysiloxane coatings can be found in their chemistry — a string of powerful silicone-oxygen bonds.
When polysiloxane polymers are created, each silicone atom is bonded to two or three oxygen atoms, causing the silicone to be 50 to 75% oxidized when the coating is formulated.

What is the chemical formula for PDMS?
The chemical formula for Dimethylpolysiloxane is CH 3[Si(CH 3) 2O] nSi(CH 3) 3, where n is the number of repeating monomer [SiO(CH 3) 2] units.

What is dimethylpolysiloxane (E 900)?
Currently, dimethylpolysiloxane (E 900) is an authorized food additive, used as an antifoaming agent in foods: Fats and oils essentially free from water (excluding anhydrous milk fat) Other fat and oil emulsions including spreads and liquid emulsions

What is the chemical formula for Sugar Sugar?
C12H22O11 is the chemical or molecular formula for sucrose, meaning each sugar molecule contains 12 atoms of carbon, 22 atoms of hydrogen and 11 atoms of oxygen.
What are the 3 elements in the formula for sugar?
Therefore, all carbohydrates, including sugar, contain the same three elements: carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.

Domestic and niche uses of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
Many people are indirectly familiar with Dimethylpolysiloxane because it is an important component in Silly Putty, to which PDMS imparts its characteristic viscoelastic properties.
Another toy Dimethylpolysiloxane is used in is Kinetic Sand.
The rubbery, vinegary-smelling silicone caulks, adhesives, and aquarium sealants are also well-known.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is also used as a component in silicone grease and other silicone based lubricants, as well as in defoaming agents, mold release agents, damping fluids, heat transfer fluids, polishes, cosmetics, hair conditioners and other applications.
Dimethylpolysiloxane can be used as a sorbent for the analysis of headspace (dissolved gas analysis) of food.

Safety and environmental considerations:
According to Ullmann's Encyclopedia, no "marked harmful effects on organisms in the environment" have been noted for siloxanes.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is nonbiodegradable, but is absorbed in waste water treatment facilities.
Dimethylpolysiloxanes degradation is catalyzed by various clays.

How is Dimethylpolysiloxane Made?
Dimethylpolysiloxane is produced by hydrolysis of a mixture of dimethyldichlorosilane and a small quantity of trimethylchlorosilane.

Synonym(s): Polydimethylsiloxane
CAS Number: 9016-00-6
MDL number: MFCD00084411
PubChem Substance ID: 24894362
NACRES: NA.25

Applications of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
Dimethylpolysiloxane is used in protein chromatography and affininty chromatography.
Dimethylpolysiloxane was used to determine that postprandial inflammatory response after ingestion of heated oils in obese persons is reduced by the presence of phenol compounds.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is commonly used in vinegary-smelling silicone caulks, adhesives, and aquarium sealants, a component in silicone grease and other silicone based lubricants, as well as in defoaming agents, mold release agents, damping fluids, heat transfer fluids, polishes, cosmetics, hair conditioners and in food.

IUPAC name:
poly(dimethylsiloxane)

Other names:
PDMS
dimethicone
dimethylpolysiloxane
E900

Dimethylpolysiloxane can be used to treat inflammatory conditions of the esophagus as well as inflammatory and ulcerative conditions of the digestive tract.

Appearance:
Dimethylpolysiloxane is a clear, colourless, viscous liquid.

Solubility:
As Dimethylpolysiloxanes no polarity, it is insoluble in polar substances, such as water and in ethanol while soluble in non-polar materials, like in carbon tetrachloride, benzene, chloroform, diethyl ether, toluene and other organic solvents.

Is Dimethylpolysiloxane Halal?
Yes, Dimethylpolysiloxane is recognised as halal.

Is Dimethylpolysiloxane Kosher?
Yes, Dimethylpolysiloxane is kosher pareve. It has met all the “kashruth” requirements.

Is Dimethylpolysiloxane Gluten free?
Yes, Dimethylpolysiloxane is gluten free according to FDA that it does not contain wheat, rye, barley, or crossbreeds of these grains.

Is Dimethylpolysiloxane Vegan?
Generally, Dimethylpolysiloxane is vegan as the manufacturing process without the use of animal matter or products derived from animal origin.
So Dimethylpolysiloxane is considered vegan and vegetarians can eat the food with it.

Conclusion:
Now you may have a knowledge of the antifoaming agent – Dimethylpolysiloxane (E900), from the following aspects:
-Manufacturing process
-Uses and functions in food
-Safety and possible side effects
-FAQs

Dimethylpolysiloxane Can Contain Formaldehyde
The FDA allows dimethylpolysiloxane to be preserved by several different chemicals that don’t have to be listed on the label either, including formaldehyde! Formaldehyde is one of the most highly toxic substances on earth.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is linked to allergies, brain damage, cancer, and auto-immune disorders.

Food Category and Maximum Level
Ready-for-consumption Food: 10 mg/kg
Milk: 0
dry gelatin dessert mixes: 110 mg/kg
ready-to-serve dessert: 16 mg/kg
salt for cooking purposes: 250 mg/kg
Cooked food: 10 mg/kg

Functions of Dimethylpolysiloxane:
1. Anti-caking Agent - Prevents lumps from forming in food due to excess water.
They usually function as a water repellent or by absorbing excess moisture.

2. Anti-foaming Agent / Defoamer - Reduces or hinders the formation of foam.

3. Drug / Medicine - Treats, alleviate, cure, or prevents sickness.
As officially declared by a governmental drug/medicine regulatory body

4. Emollient - Softens and soothes the skin.
Prevents water (moisture) loss from the skin.

5. Lubricant - Prevents or reduces friction

6. Surfactant - Reduces the surface tension to allow mixtures to be formed evenly.
Emulsifier is a specific type of surfactant which allows two liquids to mix together evenly

Dimethicone (also called polymethylsiloxane) is a silicon-based polymer used as a lubricant and conditioning agent.
Dimethylpolysiloxanes applications range from contact lenses and medical devices to elastomers; it is also present in shampoos (as dimethicone makes hair shiny and slippery), food (antifoaming agent), caulking, lubricants and heat-resistant tiles.
Activated dimethicone, a mixture of polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) and silicon dioxide (sometimes called simethicone), is often used in over-the-counter drugs as an antifoaming agent.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is used variously in the cosmetic and consumer product industry as well.

For example, Dimethylpolysiloxane can be used in the treatment of head lice on the scalp and dimethicone is used widely in skin-moisturizing lotions where it is listed as an active ingredient whose purpose is "skin protection."
Some cosmetic formulations use dimethicone and related siloxane polymers in concentrations of use up to 15%.
Dimethylpolysiloxane compounds such as amodimethicone, are effective conditioners when formulated to consist of small particles and be soluble in water or alcohol/act as surfactants (especially for damaged hair), and are even more conditioning to the hair than common dimethicone and/or dimethicone copolyols.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is approved to use as food additive in EU (E900A).

Chemical Name: Poly(dimethylsiloxane)
Synonyms: Dimethylpolysiloxane
CAS Number: 63148-62-9
Molecular Formula: (C₂H₆OSi)n
Appearance: Colourless Oil
Storage: Refrigerator
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Toluene (Sparingly)
Category: Building Blocks; Monomers;
Applications: Poly(dimethylsiloxane) is a polymeric organosilicon compound with application in cooking, medicine and bioengineering.

Recent Findings:
- Short-term dermal dosing of dimethicone on rabbits in concentrations ranging from 6-79% resulted in no adverse effects.
Dimethicone was also given orally/dermally to rats, rabbits and monkeys and other than a minor decrease in body weight, no adverse effects were detected.
Dimethicone was negative for all reproductive and developmental toxicity studies and in all genotoxicity assays.
Even an oral dose of 91% given to mice showed no signs of carcinogenicity.

- Dimethicone is also used to improve gastrointestinal tolerability of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ketoprofen.
Dimethicone prevents gastric lesions and does not alter the bioavailability (the % of drug absorbed) of the drug.

- 4% Dimethicone solutions is also used to cure head louse infections in 89 out of 127 (70%) participants.
In a similar study, 141 out of 145 (97%) of children aged 5-15 were cleared of head louse infections after application of a dimethicone solution for 9 days.

- Environmentally, >99% of dimethicone is removed via sewage sludge, which is then incinerated to produce inorganic silica, water and carbon dioxide.
Biological degradation involves dimethicone coming in contact with "clay minerals" in the soil which also results in silica, water and carbon dioxide.
Overall, dimethicone is generally safe even in high doses.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is an effective pediculicide (substance used to treat lice) and it alleviates the side-effects of NSAIDs.
Lastly, Dimethylpolysiloxane decomposes easily to mild substances.

Dimethylpolysiloxane (or polydimethylsiloxane) is a product of an industrial chemical process that is partially derived from silicone.
Dimethylpolysiloxane may be found by most people to have a vinegar-like smell and is most associated with its presence in such commercial products as grease, silicone lubricants, mold expulsion agents, polishes, bathroom caulk / sealants, de-foaming agents and cosmetic products.
Additionally, dimethylpolysiloxane can be found in small amounts in the food we eat.

These silicone polymers are well-known for being non-biodegradable.
To put into perspective, Dimethylpolysiloxane could take dimethylpolysiloxane as much as one hundred years to fully decompose.
Thus, the non-biodegradable characteristic of dimethylpolysiloxane serves as a good food preservative.

The production process that yields dimethylpolysiloxane has a combination of many chemicals that are considered “less than safe” for human consumption.
However, these potential precursors are quantitatively insignificant and have not been proven to cause any adverse effects to the human body.

The truth is that the foods in which dimethylpolysiloxane are contained, as a whole, are terrible for the wellness of the body when consumed excessively.
Dimethylpolysiloxane is most often lurking in the fast-food joints, inside your made to order ‘heart attack in a bag’.
In other words, dimethylpolysiloxane is the least of all the dreadful ingredients in foods “ready-for-consumption”.

Other names:
Polydimethyl siloxane
Silicone fluid
Silicone oil
Dimethyl silicone
Dimethyloxosilane
dimethylsilanone
dimethyl(oxo)silane
47956-45-6
9016-00-6
Silane, dimethyloxo-
Silane,dimethyloxo- (9CI)
EINECS 256-344-9
Dimethyl polysiloxane
DSSTox_CID_3833
DSSTox_RID_77201
DSSTox_GSID_23833
Polydimethylsiloxane (silicone)
CHEMBL3182512
DTXSID40274001
Tox21_302437
ZINC169746144
NCGC00255308-01
CAS-9016-00-6
FT-0696318
(6-7% Diphenylsiloxane)-(0.1-0.2% vinylmethylsiloxane)-(dimethylsiloxane) copolymer@CRLFMFCD00284853
Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me, hydroxy-terminated
Dimethylpolysiloxane
Polydimethylsiloxane fluid
63148-60-7
70131-67-8
polydimethylsiloxane (Mw > 6800 Da)
Polydimethylsiloxanes
Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me
Baysilon
Dimethicone
DiMethyl Polysiloxane
dimethyl polysiloxane
DIMETHYL POLYSILOXANE (ME TERM)
dimethyl silicone
dimethyl silicone oil
DIMETHYL SILICONES AND SILOXANES
Dimethyl siloxane
dimethyl siloxane
Dimethyl siloxanes and silicones
dimethyl(oxo)silane
dimethyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silane
Dimethylepolysiloxane
Dimethylpolysiloxane
Dimethylsilicone
dimethylsiloxane
Dimethylsiloxane trimethylsiloxane terminated
Dimethylsiloxane, trymethylsilyloxy terminated
Monomers of Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Methyl
Polidimetylosiloksan
Poly dimethyl siloxanes
poly(dimethylsilooxane)
POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE)
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)
poly(dimethylsiloxane)
Polydimethyisiloxane
polydimethyl siloxane
Polydimethylsiloxan
POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE
Polydimethylsiloxane
Polydimethylsiloxane,linear
Polydimethylsiloxanes
Polydimetylsiloxan
Polysiloxanes, di-Me
Silicon oil
Silicone antifoam 1430
Silicone Oil
Siloxane
Siloxane, dimethyl
Siloxanes
siloxanes and other silicones (polydimethylsiloxane)
SILOXANES AND SILICONES, DI-ME
Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me
Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me (CTS) (MAN)
Siloxanes and Silicones, di-Me(Polydimethylsiloxanes(PDMS))
Siloxanes and silicones, dimethyl
α,ω-trimethylsilyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane
Dimethylpolysiloxane
MED-360
Dimethicone
Dimethylpolysiloxane
Dimethylpolysiloxane Hydrolyzate (Silicone Oil)
KF96
Poly[oxy(dimethylsilylene)], α-[trimethylsilyl]-ω-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]
Polydimethyisiloxane
Polydimethylsiloxan
Polydimethylsiloxane
Polydimethylsiloxane "Silicone Silbione fluids
Polydimethysiloxane Polymer
Polydimetylsiloxan
Silicone oil
12648-49-6
12684-12-7
1471301-69-5
1669409-87-3
1669410-33-6
167748-54-1
2028348-45-8
2161362-23-6
37221-45-7
39476-41-0
53125-20-5
63148-62-9
83047-13-6
9049-10-9
9076-36-2

Dimethyl-p-toluidine form a group of substances in the chemical and aromatic compounds with a dimethylamino group [-N (CH3)2] and a methyl group (CH3) as a substituent on the benzene ring.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is colorless or lightyellow liquid, with the rotten egg smell.


CAS Number: 99-97-8
EC Number: 202-805-4
MDL number: MFCD00008316
Linear Formula: 4-(CH3)C6H4N(CH3)2
Molecular Formula: C9H13N / CH3C6H4N(CH3)2



N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine, 99-97-8, N,N,4-TRIMETHYLANILINE, Dimethyl-p-toluidine, Benzenamine, N,N,4-trimethyl-, Dimethyl-4-toluidine, N,N-Dimethyl-4-methylaniline, N,N,4-Trimethylbenzenamine, p-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline, p-(Dimethylamino)toluene, N,N-Dimethyl-p-tolylamine, 4-Dimethylaminotoluene, N,N-Dimethyl-para-toluidine, p-Toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-, NSC 1785, p,N,N-Trimethylaniline, Dimetil-p-toluidina, N,N-Dimethyl-4-toluidine, 1-(Dimethylamino)-4-methylbenzene, 4,N,N-Trimethylaniline, S8XC5939VU, DTXSID0021832, NSC-1785, NL 65-100, DTXCID401832, p-N,N-Trimethylaniline, CAS-99-97-8, CCRIS 1001, EINECS 202-805-4, UNII-S8XC5939VU, Benzeneamine,N,N,4-trimethyl-, Dimethyltolylamine, HSDB 8202, MFCD00008316, N,4-Trimethylaniline, dimethyl-(p-tolyl)-amine, EC 202-805-4, Benzenamine,N,4-trimethyl-, SCHEMBL28378, MLS001050174, 4-dimethylamino-1-methylbenzene, 4,N,N-Trimethylaniline, 99%, CHEMBL1462714, DIMETHYLTOLYLAMINE [INCI], N,N-Dimethyl-p-methylphenylamine, NSC1785, Tox21_201370, Tox21_300062, AC-368, AKOS015915159, N,N-DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE [IARC], NCGC00091397-01, NCGC00091397-02, NCGC00091397-03, NCGC00254201-01, NCGC00258922-01, SMR001216586, D0807, FT-0629511, FT-0636092, FT-0656134, E75885, EN300-7266829, 4,N,N-Trimethylaniline, purum, >=98.0% (GC), Q2051705, W-100002, Z1002998236, N,N-DIBENZYL-1,4,10,13-TETRAOXA-7,16-DIAZACYCLOOCTADECANE, N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine, 4-Dimethylaminotoluene, 4-Dimethylaminotoluene, N,N-dimethyl-4-methylaniline, p,N,Ntrimethylaniline, N,N,4-trimethylbenzenamine, N,N,4-Trimethylaniline, Dimethyl-p-toluidine, dimethyltoluidine, n,n-dimethyl-p-toluidin, N,N-DIMETHYL-4-TOLUIDINE, N,N-Dimethyl-p-tolylamine, N,N-DIMETHYL-4-METHYLANILINE, 4,N,N-TrimethyL, N,N,4-trimethyl-, DIMETHYLTOLYLAMINE, N,N,4-Trimethylaniline, 4-Dimethylaminotoluene, n,n-dimethyl-p-toluidine, dimethyl-p-toluidine, benzenamine, n,n,4-trimethyl, n,n-dimethyl-4-methylaniline, n,n-dimethyl-para-toluidine, 4,n,n-trimethylaniline, dimethyl-4-toluidine, p-dimethylamino toluene, n,n-dimethyl-p-tolylamine, n,n,4-trimethylbenzenamine, 4-Dimethylaminotoluene, Dimethyltolylamine, 4-Dimethylaminotoluene, N,N, 4-trimethylaniline, N,N,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENAMINE, N,N-DIMETHYL-4-METHYLANILINE, N,N-DIMETHYL-4-TOLUIDINE, N,N-DIMETHYL-PARA-TOLUIDINE, Benzenamine, N,N,4-trimethyl-, Dimethyl-4-toluidine, N,N,4-Trimethylaniline, N,N-Dimethyl-4-methylaniline, N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine, N,N-Dimethyl-p-tolylamine, p,N,N-Trimethylaniline, p-(Dimethylamino)toluene, p-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline, p-Toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-, N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine, N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine, DMPT, Dimethyl-p-toluidine, N,N-DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE 99%, N,N-DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE 99%, DMPT, AcryliCon Low Temp Additive, Accelerator 101, Accelerator 101, N,N-DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE (DMPT), N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine, 4-Dimethylaminotoluene, N,N,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENAMINE, N,N-DIMETHYL-4-METHYLANILINE, N,N-DIMETHYL-4-TOLUIDINE, N,N-DIMETHYL-PARA-TChemicalbookOLUIDINE, N,N-DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE, Benzeneamine,N,N,4-trimethyl-, dimethyl-4-toluidine, Dimethyl-p-toluidine, N,N,4-Trimethylaniline；4,N,N-TrimethyL, N,N,4-trimethyl-, dimethyltoluidine, DIMETHYLTOLYLAMINE, Dimetil-p-toluidina, p-Toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-, p-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline, p,N,N-trimethylaniline, Dimethyl-p-toluidine, N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine, N,N-Dimethyl-p-tolylamine, N,N-Dimethyl-4-methylaniline, N,N,4-Trimethylbenzenamine, N,N-Dimethyl-4-toluidine, N,N,4-Trimethylaniline, Dimetil-p-toluidina, Benzeneamine,N,N,4-trimethyl-, 1-(Dimethylamino)-4-methylbenzene, NSC 1785, p-(Dimethylamino)toluene, Benzenamine, N,N,4-trimethyl-p-Toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-, N,N,4-Trimethylbenzenamine, N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine, p-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline, Dimethyl-p-toluidine, N,N-Dimethyl-p-tolylamine, N,N-Dimethyl-4-methylaniline, p,N,N-Trimethylaniline, N,N,4-Trimethylaniline, p-(Dimethylamino)toluene, N,N-Dimethyl-p-methylphenylamine, N,N-Dimethyl-1,4-toluidine, N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidene, 1-(Dimethylamino)-4-methylbenzene, NSC 1785, NL 65-100, 4-Dimethylamino-1-methylbenzene, N,N-Dimethyl-p-methylaniline, 4-(Dimethylamino)toluene, FirstCure DMPT, AC 103 (amine), AC 103, Benzenamine, N,N,4-trimethyl-, 4-Dimethylaminotoluene, Dimethyl-p-toluidine, DMPT, p-Toluidine, N,N-dimethyl- N,N,4-Trimethylaniline, p,N,N-Trimethylaniline, Benzenamine, N,N,4-trimethyl-, N,N-Dimethyl-p-Tolylamine, N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, Dimethyl-4-toluidine, N,N-Dimethyl-4-methylaniline, Dimethyl-p-toluidine, dimethyl-4-toluidine, N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine, N,N-DIMETHYL-4-TOLUIDINE, N,N-DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE, N,N,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENAMINE, N,N-DIMETHYL-PARA-TOLUIDINE, N,N-DIMETHYL-4-METHYLANILINE, Benzeneamine,N,N,4-trimethyl-,



Dimethyl-p-toluidine otherwise known as p,N,N-Trimethylaniline is an aromatic compound that is a member of the aniline family.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is supplied by Actylis in the form of a clear yellow liquid that is immiscible in water that has an aromatic odour.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is a clear colorless liquid with an aromatic odor. Density 0.937 g / cm3 and insoluble in water.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine exists in clear colorless liquid with an aromatic odor.
Density of Dimethyl-p-toluidine is 0.937 g / cm3 (Lancaster) and is insoluble in water.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is colorless or lightyellow liquid, with the rotten egg smell.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is a high-reactive amine accelerator used for curing unsaturated polyesters at ambient temperatures.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is immiscible with water.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used in pultrusion, resin transfer molding, filament winding, hand lay-up and spray-up applications.
The radical formation, which is necessary to start the polymerization reaction, is at ambient temperatures with most generally applied organic peroxides too slow.


The shelf life of Dimethyl-p-toluidine is 9 months.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is listed in TSCA.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is a high-reactive amine accelerator used for curing unsaturated polyesters at ambient temperatures.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is insoluble in water, soluble in some organic solvents, will decomposition when exposure under the sun.
Dimethyl-p-toluidineappears as a clear colorless liquid with an aromatic odor.
Density of Dimethyl-p-toluidine is 0.937 g / cm3 (Lancaster) and insoluble in water.


The curing of unsaturated polyester resins at ambient temperatures can in general not be performed by an organic peroxide alone.
The radical formation, which is necessary to start the polymerisation reaction, is at ambient temperatures with most generally applied organic peroxides too slow.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is a high-reactive amine accelerator used for curing unsaturated polyesters at ambient temperatures.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is a versatile organic compound extensively utilized in scientific research.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine's applications span across the synthesis of numerous compounds, including,agrochemicals, pesticides, amino acids, peptides, and nucleotides.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is a colorless or light yellow oily liquid with rotten egg smell, melting point 130.31℃, boiling point 211.5-212.5℃, weight 0.9287~0.9366g/mL at normal Chemicalbook temperature, refractive index 1.5360~1.5470, insoluble in water, soluble in some organic solvents, decomposing when exposed to light.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is immiscible with water.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine hence floats on water.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is a light yellow liquid
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform.


Store Dimethyl-p-toluidine in a cool place.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is a high-reactive amine accelerator used for curing unsaturated polyesters at ambient temperatures.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is an organic compound that is commonly used in organic synthesis and as a reagent in laboratory experiments.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is a colorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in most organic solvents.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine appears as a clear colorless liquid with an aromatic odor.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is soluble in some organic solvents and is decomposed by light as an effective photoinitiator for acrylonitrile (AN) polymerization.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine can also be used to make self-coagulation tooth tray water.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is immiscible with water.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Store Dimethyl-p-toluidine in a cool place.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used for synthesis is a high-quality compound that offers exceptional performance in diverse applications.
Its unique composition and excellent results make Dimethyl-p-toluidine an ideal choice for scientific research and industrial processes.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used for self-condensation.


Pharmaceutical Research uses of Dimethyl-p-toluidine: Dimethyl-p-toluidine plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical research, serving as a catalyst or intermediate in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and other drug-related compounds.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used for synthesis and is a high-quality, effective compound used in various applications.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used engineered Stone, Pultrusion, Resin Transfer Molding, Filament winding, Chemical anchors & mine bolts, Hand lay-up & spray-up
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used curing accelerator for unsaturated polyester resins.
To speed up the radical formation in a controllable way, organic peroxides must therefore be used in combination with a so-called accelerator.


To speed up the radical formation in a controllable way, organic
peroxides must therefore be used in combination with a so-called accelerator.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is an amine accelerator for curing UP resins.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as a polymerization catalyst for polyesters, acrylate and epoxy resins.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is also used as a hardener for dental cements and in adhesives.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine serves as an intermediate for photographic chemicals, in industrial glues, in artificial fingernail preparations, colorants, pharmaceuticals.


With its unique composition and excellent performance, Dimethyl-p-toluidine is ideal for scientific research and industrial purposes.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as a polymerization catalyst for Intermediate for primarily polyesters and acrylate and epoxy resins.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine can be used as a hardner for dental cements and for adhesives.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine reacts with vinyl ether in the presence of copper(II) chloride gives tetrahydroquinolines.
Further, Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used to accelerate polymerization of ethyl methacrylate.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as a polymerization catalyst for polyesters, acrylate and epoxy resins.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is also used as a hardener for dental cements and in adhesives.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine serves as an intermediate for photographic chemicals, in industrial glues, in artificial fingernail preparations, colorants, pharmaceuticals.


Further, Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used to accelerate polymerization of ethyl methacrylate.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is soluble in some organic solvents, decomposed by light, as an effective photoinitiator for acrylonitrile (AN) polymerization; it can also be used to make self-consolidating dental tray water.


Aromatic tertiary amines, especially Dimethyl-p-toluidine, are effective photoinitiators for the polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN).
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is usually considered as a retarder for alkene polymerization rather than a photoinitiator for acrylonitrile (AN) polymerization.
As an effective photoinitiator for acrylonitrile (AN) polymerization, its polymerization rate is proportional to 1.62 times the AN concentration and 0.62 times the Dimethyl-p-toluidine concentration.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is commonly used as an accelerator, in addition to the synthesis of unsaturated polyesters and as an additive for adhesives, etc.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine was synthesized by using dimethyl sulfate as a methylating agent at low temperature and atmospheric pressure. It is used to make self-consolidating dental tray water.


A tertiary amine that can be iron-catalyzed oxidative C-C coupled with phenylethynyl and benzamide in the presence of di-tert-butyl peroxide to form N,4-dimethyl-N-(3-phenyl prop-2-only)benzylamine, and N-((methyl(p-tolyl)amino)methyl)benzamide, respectively.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine finds utility in the creation of polymers, dyes, and catalysts.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as an intermediate for photographic chemicals, colorants and pharmaceuticals.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is an effective photoinitiator for the polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN).
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used for synthesis has found extensive use in various applications.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used to make acrylic resins and denture materials.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.


As a colorless, crystalline solid, Dimethyl-p-toluidine easily dissolves in most organic solvents.
As a nucleophilic reagent capable of reacting with both electrophiles like carbonyl compounds and halides, as well as nucleophiles such as amines and alcohols.


With its wide range of applications, Dimethyl-p-toluidine serves as a crucial reagent for the synthesis of various compounds in laboratory settings.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used to make self-curing dental tray water; glue accelerator, marble glue; production of anchoring agent. Used in dyes, medicine and other organic synthesis.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is also used in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and pesticides.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine has a wide range of applications in the laboratory and is an important reagent for the synthesis of a variety of compounds.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used for the preparation of self-curing dental water


As an effective photoinitiator for acrylonitrile (AN) polymerization, its polymerization speed is proportional to the 1.62 power of AN concentration and the 0.62 power of Dimethyl-p-toluidine concentration.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is usually used as an accelerator, and can also be used as an additive for the synthesis of unsaturated polyester, adhesive, etc.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used to make self-setting tooth tray water.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as a chemical bond for polyesters, acrylate, and epoxy resins.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is also used as a hardener for dental cements and in adhesives.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine can be found in dental products, photographic materials, colorants, and pharmaceuticals.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine reacts with vinyl ether in the presence of copper(II) chloride gives tetrahydroquinolines.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as a polymerization catalyst for polyesters, acrylate and epoxy resins.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as an effective photoinitiator for polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN)


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used a tertiary amine, which can be coupled with phenylacetylene and benzamide in the presence of Di tert butyl peroxides by iron catalyzed oxidation C-C, respectively to form n, 4-dimethyl-n - (3-phenylpropyl-2-alkynyl) benzoylamine and N - ((methyl (p-tolyl)amino) methyl) benzoylamine.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as a hardener for dental cements and in adhesives.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine serves as an intermediate for photographic chemicals, in industrial glues, in artificial fingernail preparations, colorants, pharmaceuticals.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used to accelerate polymerization of ethyl methacrylate.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as an effective photo initiator for the polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN), its polymerization rate is proportional to the 1.62 power of AN concentration and the 0.62 power of DMT concentration.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is usually used as an accelerator, and can also be used as an additive for the synthesis of unsaturated polyesters and adhesives.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as a polymerization catalyst and intermediate in preparing polyesters and acrylate and epoxy resins.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine can be used as a hardner for dental cements and for adhesives.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as an intermediate for photographic chemicals, colorants and pharmaceuticals.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is an amine accelerator for the polymerization of e.g. dental methacrylic restorative materials
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as a polymerization catalyst for polyesters, acrylate and epoxy resins.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is also used as a hardener for dental cements and in adhesives.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine serves as an intermediate for photographic chemicals, in industrial glues, in artificial fingernail preparations, colorants, pharmaceuticals. It reacts with vinyl ether in the presence of copper(II) chloride gives tetrahydroquinolines.


Further, Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used to accelerate polymerization of ethyl methacrylate.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is often used as a catalyst for the polymerization of polyesters and epoxy resins.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine has also been used as a chemical hardener in dentistry adhesives.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine has also been used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical products, colorants and artificial fingernail preparations as well as a raw material in the synthesis of industrial adhesives.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as a polymerization catalyst for polyesters, acrylate and epoxy resins.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine is also used as a hardener for dental cements and in adhesives.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine serves as an intermediate for photographic chemicals, in industrial glues, in artificial fingernail preparations, colorants, pharmaceuticals.


Dimethyl-p-toluidine reacts with vinyl ether in the presence of copper(II) chloride gives tetrahydroquinolines.
Further, Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used to accelerate polymerization of ethyl methacrylate.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine reacts with vinyl ether in the presence of copper(II) chloride gives tetrahydroquinolines.


-Chemical Synthesis uses of Dimethyl-p-toluidine:
Dimethyl-p-toluidine serves as a valuable reagent in chemical synthesis, especially in the production of dyes, polymers, and specialty chemicals.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine's versatile nature allows for numerous transformations and reactions.


-Electrochemical Processes uses of Dimethyl-p-toluidine:
Dimethyl-p-toluidine finds application in electrochemical processes, such as the synthesis of conductive polymers and batteries.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine's unique properties contribute to enhanced performance in these applications.


-Material Science uses of Dimethyl-p-toluidine:
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is utilized in various material science research, including the production of coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine contributes to the development of advanced materials with improved properties.



OVERVIEW OF DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is a crucial compound used in synthesis processes.
With its highly specific composition and exceptional purity, Dimethyl-p-toluidine offers reliable and precise results that meet the demands of various scientific and industrial applications.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine has a molecular formula of 4-(CH3)C6H4N(CH3)2 and a CAS number of 99-97-8, allowing for easy identification and traceability.



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
*High Quality:
Dimethyl-p-toluidine for synthesis is manufactured to meet the highest quality standards.
Each batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure purity, consistency, and reliability.

*Effective Performance:
With its unique composition, Dimethyl-p-toluidine offers exceptional performance in various synthesis processes.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine's effectiveness has been demonstrated through extensive research and application.

*Wide Range of Applications:
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is versatile and finds application in several industries such as pharmaceutical, chemical, and material science.
Its properties make Dimethyl-p-toluidine suitable for diverse synthesis processes.

*Easy to Use:
Dimethyl-p-toluidine for synthesis is formulated to be user-friendly, allowing for convenient handling and integration into existing protocols.

*Reliable Results:
The consistent quality of Dimethyl-p-toluidine ensures reliable and reproducible results, crucial for scientific research and industrial processes.



DETAILS OF DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine, also known as 4-Dimethylaminotoluene, is composed of a linear formula of 4-(CH3)C6H4N(CH3)2. This formula represents the arrangement of atoms in the compound, providing essential information about its structure and properties.



AIR AND WATER REACTIONS OF DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
Dimethyl-p-toluidine tends to darken upon exposure to air.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is insoluble in water.



FUNCTIONS OF DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
*Accelerator



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is a colorless or light yellow oily liquid with rotten egg flavor, melting point 130.31 ℃, boiling point 211.5-212.5 ℃, severe 0.9287~0.9366 g/mL at normal temperature, refractive index 1.5360~1.5470, insoluble in water, soluble in some organic solvents, and decomposed in light.



POLYMERIZATION REACTION OF DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
Aromatic tertiary amines, especially Dimethyl-p-toluidine, are effective photoinitiators for acrylonitrile (AN) polymerization.
The influence of the medium on the polymerization speed is large in polarity, and the polymerization speed is fast.
Oxygen has obvious influence on the polymerization.
With the increase of oxygen content, the polymerization induction period increases and the speed decreases.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is generally considered as a retarder for alkene polymerization, rather than a photopolymerization initiator for acrylonitrile (AN).



AGGREGATION FEATURES OF DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
Dimethyl-p-toluidine cannot initiate acrylonitrile (AN) polymerization in the dark, but the polymerization is extremely fast under light.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine initiated acrylonitrile (AN) photopolymerization is carried out according to a free radical mechanism.
When a trace amount of free radical capture agent is added, the polymerization is completely stopped.



SYNTHESIS METHOD OF DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
Using dimethyl sulfate as a methylating agent, Dimethyl-p-toluidine was synthesized at low temperature and normal pressure.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
Dimethyl-p-toluidine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine may generate hydrogen, a flammable gas, in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides.



SYNTHESIS OF DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
Dimethyl-p-toluidine was prepared by reacting p-toluidine with methanol and POCl3 in autoclave heated up to 280° C for 3h.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
Reflux for 3hours with 2 molar equivalents of Ac2O, then fractionally distil Dimethyl-p-toluidine under reduced pressure.
Alternatively, dry Dimethyl-p-toluidine over BaO, distil and store it over KOH.
The picrate has m 128o (from EtOH).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
Molecular Weight: 135.21 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 135.104799419 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 135.104799419 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 3.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 90.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS Number: 99-97-8
Molecular Weight: 135.21
MDL number: MFCD00008316
EC Index Number: 202-805-4
Molecular Formula: C9H13N
CH3C6H4N(CH3)2
CBNumber:CB4196682
Molecular Formula:C9H13N
Molecular Weight:135.21
MDL Number:MFCD00008316
MOL File:99-97-8.mol
Melting point: -25°C
Boiling point: 211 °C(lit.)

Density: 0.937 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: >1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.1 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.546(lit.)
Flash point: 182 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 0.65g/l
form: Liquid
pka: pK1:7.24(+1) (25°C)
color: Clear yellow
explosive limit: 7%
Water Solubility: Miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform.
Immiscible with water.
BRN: 774409

Dielectric constant: 3.3（20℃）
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: GYVGXEWAOAAJEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.729-2.81 at 35℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 99-97-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: S8XC5939VU
Proposition 65 List: N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine
IARC: 2B (Vol. 115) 2018
EPA Substance Registry System: N,N,4-Trimethylaniline (99-97-8)
Physical state: oily
Color: beige
Odor: unpleasant

Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: -15 °C - (ECHA)
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 90 - 92 °C at 13 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 7 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,2 %(V)
Flash point: 76 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 7,44 at 25 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 14,4 mPa.s at 35 °C

Water solubility: 0,65 g/l at 37 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,73 at 35 °C
Vapor pressure: 0,099 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,936 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 5,42
CAS number: 99-97-8
EC index number: 612-056-00-9

EC number: 202-805-4
Hill Formula: C₉H₁₃N
Chemical formula: 4-(CH₃)C₆H₄N(CH₃)₂
Molar Mass: 135.21 g/mol
HS Code: 2921 43 00
Boiling point: 215 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.88 g/cm3 (35 °C)
Flash point: 76 °C
Ignition temperature: 425 °C
Melting Point: -15 °C
pH value: 7.44 (H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.099 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 0.65 g/l
CAS: 99-97-8

Molecular Formula: C9H13N
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 135.21
MDL Number: MFCD00008316
InChI Key: GYVGXEWAOAAJEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Melting Point: -25°C
Density: 0.937
Boiling Point: 210°C to 211°C
Flash Point: 83°C (181°F)
Refractive Index: 1.546
UN Number: UN1708
Beilstein: 774409

Solubility Information: Miscible with alcohol,ether and chloroform.
Immiscible with water.
Formula Weight: 135.21
Chemical Name or Material: N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine
Molecular Formula: C9H13N
Molecular Weight: 135.21
Description: A light yellow coloured oily liquid.
Assay: 99.0% (min).
Specific Gravity: 0.936 to 0.940 at 200/200C.
Other Organic Impurities: 0.5% (max)
Other Toluidines: 1.0% (max)
Moisture content by KF: 0.1% (max)

Appearance: Clear light yellow to light
Assay: ≥ 98.5 %
Viscosity, 20°C: 2 mPa.s
Boiling point: 211 °C
Density: 20 °C 0.935 g/cm³
Melting point: -25 °C
CAS number: 99-97-8
Physical form: Liquid
Chemical name: N,N-Dimethyl p-toluidine
Physical State :Liquid
Solubility :Soluble in water (0.65 mg/ml at 37° C), alcohol, ether, and chloroform.
Storage :Store at room temperature
Melting Point :-25° C
Boiling Point :211° C (lit.)
Density :0.94 g/mL at 25° C (lit.)
Refractive Index :n20D 1.55 (lit.)

pK Values :
pKa: 5.63 at 25 C
CAS No.: 99-97-8
Molecular Formula: C9H13N
InChIKeys: InChIKey=GYVGXEWAOAAJEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 135.20600
Exact Mass: 135.21
EC Number: 202-805-4
PSA: 3.24000
XLogP3: 2.06100
Density: 0.9 g/cm3
Melting Point: 113-115 °C @ Solvent: Acetic acid
Boiling Point: 215 °C
Flash Point: 83ºC
Refractive Index: 1.545-1.547
Water Solubility: Solubility in water: none
Storage Conditions: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Vapor Pressure: 0.1 hPa (20 °C)

Vapor Density: >1 (vs air)
Explosive limit: Upper explosion limit: 7 %(V); Lower explosion limit: 1.2 %(V)
Odor: Aromatic
Density: 0.936 (204 c)
Insolubility: in water
Refractive Index: 1.546 (20 c)
Molecular weight: 135.23
Flash Point: 7 c
Solubility: oxygenated solvs.
Boiling Point: 210-211 c (760 mm)
CAS: 99-97-8
EINECS: 202-805-4
InChI: InChI=1/C9H13N/c1-8-4-6-9(7-5-8)10(2)3/h4-7H,1-3H3
Molecular Formula: C9H13N
Molar Mass: 135.21
Density: 0.937
Melting Point: -25°C

Boling Point: 211℃
Flash Point: 83℃
Water Solubility: Miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform.
Immiscible with water.
Vapor Presure: 0.1 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive Index: 1.545
vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.1 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.546(lit.)
flash point: 182 °F
storage conditions: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 0.65g/l
acidity coefficient (pKa): pK1:7.24(+1) (25°C)
morphology: Liquid
color: Clear yellow
explosion limit value (explosive limit) 7%
water solubility: Miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform.
Immiscible with water.
BRN: 774409

stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: GYVGXEWAOAAJEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Color: Yellow
Density: 0.9300g/mL
Boiling Point: 211.0°C
Flash Point: 83°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (GC)
Linear Formula: CH3C6H4N(CH3)2
Refractive Index: 1.5450 to 1.5470
Beilstein: 12, 902
Specific Gravity: 0.93
Solubility Information:
Solubility in water: immiscible
Formula Weight: 135.21
Percent Purity: 99%
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: N, N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine, 99%



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181) for vapours of organic
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions
Protected from light.
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

Dimethyl-p-toluidine is a chemical compound from the group of aminobenzenes.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is a flammable, difficult to ignite, oily, light yellow to brown liquid with a characteristic odor that is very sparingly soluble in water.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine turns reddish brown when exposed to light and air.

CAS: 99-97-8
MF: C9H13N
MW: 135.21
EINECS: 202-805-4

Synonyms
N,N,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENAMINE;N,N-DIMETHYL-4-METHYLANILINE;N,N-DIMETHYL-4-TOLUIDINE;N,N-DIMETHYL-PARA-TOLUIDINE;N,N-DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE;Benzeneamine,N,N,4-trimethyl-;dimethyl-4-toluidine;Dimethyl-p-toluidine;N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine;99-97-8;N,N,4-TRIMETHYLANILIN;Dimethyl-p-toluidine;Benzenamine, N,N,4-trimethyl-;Dimethyl-4-toluidine;N,N-Dimethyl-4-methylaniline;N,N,4-Trimethylbenzenamine;p-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline;p-(Dimethylamino)toluene;N,N-Dimethyl-p-tolylamine;4-Dimethylaminotoluene;N,N-Dimethyl-para-toluidine;p-Toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-;NSC 1785;p,N,N-Trimethylaniline;Dimetil-p-toluidina;N,N-Dimethyl-4-toluidine;dimethyltolylamine;1-(Dimethylamino)-4-methylbenzene;4,N,N-Trimethylaniline;S8XC5939VU;DTXSID0021832;NSC-1785;NL 65-100;DTXCID401832;p-N,N-Trimethylaniline;CAS-99-97-8;Dimetil-p-toluidina [Italian];CCRIS 1001;EINECS 202-805-4;UNII-S8XC5939VU;Benzeneamine,N,N,4-trimethyl-;HSDB 8202;MFCD00008316;N,4-Trimethylaniline;dimethyl-(p-tolyl)-amine;EC 202-805-4;Benzenamine,N,4-trimethyl-;SCHEMBL28378;MLS001050174;4-dimethylamino-1-methylbenzene;4,N,N-Trimethylaniline, 99%;CHEMBL1462714;N,N-Dimethyl-p-methylphenylamine;NSC1785;Tox21_201370;Tox21_300062;AC-368;AKOS015915159;N,N-DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE [IARC];NCGC00091397-01;NCGC00091397-02;NCGC00091397-03;NCGC00254201-01;NCGC00258922-01;SMR001216586;D0807;NS00002247;E75885;EN300-7266829;4,N,N-Trimethylaniline, purum, >=98.0% (GC);Q2051705;W-100002;Z1002998236

Dimethyl-p-toluidine Chemical Properties
Melting point: -25°C
Boiling point: 211 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.937 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.1 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.546(lit.)
Fp: 182 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: 0.65g/l
Form: Liquid
pka: pK1:7.24(+1) (25°C)
Color: Clear yellow
Explosive limit: 7%
Water Solubility: Miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform. Immiscible with water.
BRN: 774409
Dielectric constant: 3.3（20℃）
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: GYVGXEWAOAAJEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.729-2.81 at 35℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 99-97-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC: 2B (Vol. 115) 2018
EPA Substance Registry System: Dimethyl-p-toluidine (99-97-8)

Extraction and presentation
Dimethyl-p-toluidine can be obtained by reacting p -toluidine , methyl iodide and sodium carbonate.
In general, there are several methods for the preparation of N -alkyltoluidines, including Dimethyl-p-toluidine, such as acid-catalyzed alkylation of unalkylated toluidines with lower unbranched alcohols or ethers.
Another method is reductive alkylation with lower aldehydes or ketones using metal catalysts under hydrogen pressure.

Uses
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as a polymerization catalyst for polyesters, acrylate and epoxy resins.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is also used as a hardener for dental cements and in adhesives.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine serves as an intermediate for photographic chemicals, in industrial glues, in artificial fingernail preparations, colorants, pharmaceuticals.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine reacts with vinyl ether in the presence of copper(II) chloride gives tetrahydroquinolines.
Further, Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used to accelerate polymerization of ethyl methacrylate.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is an amine accelerator for the polymerization of e.g. dental methacrylic restorative materials

Dimethyl-p-toluidine is used as a polymerization catalyst for polyester , acrylate and epoxy resins.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is also used as a hardener for dental cements and in adhesives.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine serves as an intermediate for photochemicals, in industrial adhesives, in artificial fingernail preparations, dyes and pharmaceuticals.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine reacts with vinyl ethers in the presence of copper(II) chloride to form tetrahydroquinolines.
Dimethyl-p-toluidine is also sold commercially in solutions of plasticizers or styrene.

Reactivity Profile
Dimethyl-p-toluidine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
May generate hydrogen, a flammable gas, in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides.
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
Containers may explode when heated.
Runoff may pollute waterways.
Substance may be transported in a molten form.

Synthesis
Dimethyl-p-toluidine was prepared by reacting p-toluidine with methanol and POCl3 in autoclave heated up to 280° C for 3h.
Reflux for 3hours with 2 molar equivalents of Ac2O, then fractionally distil it under reduced pressure.
Alternatively, dry Dimethyl-p-toluidine over BaO, distil and store it over KOH.
The picrate has m 128o (from EtOH).
Methods described for N,N-dimethylaniline are applicable here.

Dimethyltolylamine is an amine accelerator for the polymerization of e.g. dental methacrylic restorative materials
Dimethyltolylamine is a colorless liquid to brown oil.
Dimethyltolylamine has an aromatic odor.

CAS: 99-97-8
MF: C9H13N
MW: 135.21
EINECS: 202-805-4

Synonyms
N,N,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENAMINE;N,N-DIMETHYL-4-METHYLANILINE;N,N-DIMETHYL-4-TOLUIDINE;N,N-DIMETHYL-PARA-TOLUIDINE;N,N-DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE;Benzeneamine,N,N,4-trimethyl-;dimethyl-4-toluidine;Dimethyl-p-toluidine;N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine;99-97-8;N,N,4-TRIMETHYLANILINE;Dimethyl-p-toluidine;Benzenamine, N,N,4-trimethyl-;Dimethyl-4-toluidine;N,N-Dimethyl-4-methylaniline;N,N,4-Trimethylbenzenamine;p-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline;p-(Dimethylamino)toluene;N,N-Dimethyl-p-tolylamine;4-Dimethylaminotoluene;N,N-Dimethyl-para-toluidine;p-Toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-;NSC 1785;p,N,N-Trimethylaniline;Dimetil-p-toluidina;N,N-Dimethyl-4-toluidine;1-(Dimethylamino)-4-methylbenzene;4,N,N-Trimethylaniline;S8XC5939VU;DTXSID0021832;NSC-1785;NL 65-100;DTXCID401832;p-N,N-Trimethylaniline;CAS-99-97-8;Dimetil-p-toluidina [Italian];CCRIS 1001;EINECS 202-805-4;UNII-S8XC5939VU;Benzeneamine,N,N,4-trimethyl-;dimethyltolylamine;HSDB 8202;MFCD00008316;N,4-Trimethylaniline;dimethyl-(p-tolyl)-amine;EC 202-805-4;Benzenamine,N,4-trimethyl-;SCHEMBL28378;MLS001050174;4-dimethylamino-1-methylbenzene;4,N,N-Trimethylaniline, 99%;CHEMBL1462714;DIMETHYLTOLYLAMINE [INCI];N,N-Dimethyl-p-methylphenylamine;NSC1785;Tox21_201370;Tox21_300062;AC-368;AKOS015915159;N,N-DIMETHYL-P-TOLUIDINE [IARC];NCGC00091397-01;NCGC00091397-02;NCGC00091397-03;NCGC00254201-01;NCGC00258922-01;SMR001216586;D0807;FT-0629511;FT-0636092;FT-0656134;E75885;EN300-7266829;4,N,N-Trimethylaniline, purum, >=98.0% (GC);Q2051705;W-100002;Z1002998236;N,N-DIBENZYL-1,4,10,13-TETRAOXA-7,16-DIAZACYCLOOCTADECANE

Dimethyltolylamine is used to make acrylic resins and denture materials.
Dimethyltolylamine is used in the cement in most hip and bone replacements.
Dimethyltolylamine is also used to make dyes and pesticides, industrial glues, and artificial fingernail preparations.
Dimethyltolylamine does not dissolve in water.
Dimethyltolylamine was prepared by reacting p-toluidine with methanol and POCl3 in autoclave heated up to 280° C for 3h.

A clear colorless liquid with an aromatic odor.
Density 0.937 g / cm3 (Lancaster) and insoluble in water.
Hence floats on water.
Toxic by skin absorption and inhalation.
Flash point 181°F.
May release toxic vapors when burned.
Dimethyltolylamine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C9H13N.
The substance occurs as a yellow-brown viscous liquid , which is insoluble in water.

Dimethyltolylamine is an organic compound that is commonly used in organic synthesis and as a reagent in laboratory experiments.
Dimethyltolylamine is a colorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in most organic solvents.
Dimethyltolylamine is also used in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and pesticides.
Dimethyltolylamine has a wide range of applications in the laboratory and is an important reagent for the synthesis of a variety of compounds.

Dimethyltolylamine Chemical Properties
Melting point :-25°C
Boiling point: 211 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.937 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.1 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.546(lit.)
Fp: 182 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: 0.65g/l
Form: Liquid
pka: pK1:7.24(+1) (25°C)
Color: Clear yellow
Explosive limit: 7%
Water Solubility: Miscible with alcohol, ether and chloroform. Immiscible with water.
BRN: 774409
Dielectric constant: 3.3（20℃）
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: GYVGXEWAOAAJEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.729-2.81 at 35℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 99-97-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC: 2B (Vol. 115) 2018
EPA Substance Registry System: Dimethyltolylamine (99-97-8)

Uses
Dimethyltolylamine is used as a polymerization catalyst for polyesters, acrylate and epoxy resins.
Dimethyltolylamine is also used as a hardener for dental cements and in adhesives.
Dimethyltolylamine serves as an intermediate for photographic chemicals, in industrial glues, in artificial fingernail preparations, colorants, pharmaceuticals.
Dimethyltolylamine reacts with vinyl ether in the presence of copper(II) chloride gives tetrahydroquinolines.
Further, Dimethyltolylamine is used to accelerate polymerization of ethyl methacrylate.
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.

Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
Containers may explode when heated.
Runoff may pollute waterways.
Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Dimethyltolylamine is used as a polymerization catalyst in the production of polyesters , polyacrylates and epoxy resins.
Dimethyltolylamine can also be used as a hardening agent in dental fillings and adhesives.
Furthermore, Dimethyltolylamine is used as a transition agent in photographic chemicals, dyes and pharmaceuticals.

Dimethyltolylamine is a widely used reagent in scientific research.
Dimethyltolylamine is used in the synthesis of a variety of compounds, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and pesticides.
Dimethyltolylamine is also used in the synthesis of a variety of other compounds, such as amino acids, peptides, and nucleotides.
Dimethyltolylamine has also been used in the synthesis of polymers, dyes, and catalysts.

Reactivity Profile
Dimethyltolylamine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
May generate hydrogen, a flammable gas, in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides.

When burned, the substance produces toxic and corrosive gases, including nitrogen oxides.
Dimethyltolylamine reacts violently with strong oxidants and attacks many plastics.
Dimethyltolylamine is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.
Dimethyltolylamine can have effects on red blood cells, resulting in the formation of methemoglobin.

Health Hazard
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

DIMYRISTYL PHOSPHATE, N° CAS : 6640-03-5, Nom INCI : DIMYRISTYL PHOSPHATE, Nom chimique : Ditetradecyl hydrogen phosphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 229-651-0, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

cas no 61788-89-4 Fatty acids C18 -unsatd.; dimers, hydrogenated; Hydrogenated C36 dimer fatty acid; C36 DIMER ACID; Fatty acid, C-18-unsaturated, dimers; 9-[(3Z)-non-3-en-1-yl]-10-octylnonadecanedioic acid;

Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is one of the important polyurethane catalysts.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is an amine-based catalyst.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.


CAS Number: 6425-39-4
EC Number: 229-194-7
MDL number: MFCD00072740
Chemical name: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3



SYNONYMS:
2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, [ChemIDplus] Lupragen N 106, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether, DMDEE, [BASF MSDS] DABCO DMDEE catalyst, [Air Products MSDS] JCDMDEE, JEFFCAT DMDEE, [Huntsman Petrochemical, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, 2,2′-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, .BETA., .BETA.'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)BIS(MORPHOLINE), 4,4'- (OXYDIETHYLENE)DIMORPHOLINE, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS(MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2, 1-ETHANEDIYL)BIS-, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)DI-, NSC-28749, 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Niax« Catalyst DMDEE, 4,4′-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, Morpholone 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- 4,4’-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholone], Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether



Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is an acronym for dimorpholinodiethyl ether but is almost always referred to as DMDEE (pronounced dumdee) in the polyurethane industry.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is an organic chemical, specifically a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle with tertiary amine functionality.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a catalyst used mainly to produce polyurethane foam.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether has the CAS number 6425-39-4 and is TSCA and REACH registered and on EINECS with the number 229-194-7.
The IUPAC name of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine and the chemical formula C12H24N2O3.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is an amine-based catalyst .
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a strong foaming catalyst.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a colorless to pale yellow liquid and is soluble in water.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is an amine catalyst suitable for water curing systems.


Due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups, NCO-containing components can have a long storage period.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is one of the important polyurethane catalysts.


There are two methods for the synthesis of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether: diethylene glycol and ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and metal catalysts, reacting at high temperature and high pressure to obtain bismorpholinyl diethyl ether; or diethylene glycol and morpholine in hydrogen and metal catalyst copper or cobalt.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a strong blowing catalyst with low gelling activity.
Therefore, Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a preferred catalyst for one-component polyurethane systems (OCF and prepolymers) with long shelf life.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is an amine blowing catalyst particularly suitable for one- and two-component rigid foam sealant systems as well as flexible slabstock foams.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether provides system tability in moisture cured polyurethane
Stored Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether in a cool dry place out of direct sunlight.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is an amine catalyst suitable for curing system.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a strong foaming catalyst, which can make NCO containing components have a long storage life due to the steric effect of amino group.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, with the chemical formula C10H20N2O2 and CAS registry number 6425-39-4, is a compound known for its use as a solvent and a reagent in various chemical reactions.


This colorless liquid, Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, also referred to as DME, is characterized by its two morpholine rings attached to the diethyl ether backbone.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a straw yellow viscous liquid.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a colorless to yellowish liquid with an odor of amines.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether has fishy odor.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether acts as a very selective blowing catalyst.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether provides a stable prepolymer system.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a liquid, tertiary amine catalyst used in the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams and
adhesives.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a reactive chemical agent that has been used as a sealant for the insulation and maintenance of joints.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether reacts with water vapor or moisture in the air, which causes it to harden.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is also known as DMDE and has been used in analytical chemistry as an optimal reagent for reactions with high resistance.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a divalent hydrocarbon molecule with two hydroxy groups on its backbone.
The reaction products of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether are viscosity and reaction solution.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can be used in coatings due to its reactivity.


In polyol formulations, Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether has shown good blowing efficiency and mild gel activity, and is excellent for consideration where storage stability is critical due to the acidity coming from HFO, formic acid or polyesters.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is suitable for water curing systems, A strong blowing catalyst, due to the steric hindrance of amino groups, can extend the storage period of NCO components, suitable for the catalytic reaction of NCO and water in systems such as TDI, MDI, and IPDI.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether accounts for 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is an amine catalyst suitable for curing systems.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a strong blowing catalyst.


Due to the steric hindrance of the amino group, the NCO-containing components have a long storage period.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, with the chemical formula C10H24N2O2, has the CAS number 6425-39-4.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a chemical compound that appears as a colorless liquid with a faint odor.


The basic structure of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether consists of two morpholine rings attached to an ethyl group.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is soluble in water.
In terms of safety information, Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether may cause irritation to the skin and eyes.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is important to avoid direct contact with this chemical.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an amine-like odor.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is also miscible with water.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether molecule contains a total of 41 atom(s).
There are 24 Hydrogen atom(s), 12 Carbon atom(s), 2 Nitrogen atom(s), and 3 Oxygen atom(s).
A chemical formula of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can therefore be written as: C12H24N2O3


The chemical formula of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether shown above is based on the molecular formula indicating the numbers of each type of atom in a molecule without structural information, which is different from the empirical formula which provides the numerical proportions of atoms of each type.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is an amine based catalyst that is also known as dimorpholino-diethyl ether.



USES and APPLICATIONS of DIMORPHOLINO DIETHYL ETHER:
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a strong foaming catalyst .
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.


Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used catalyst particularly suitable for one component polyurethane rigid foam sealant systems.


Important While the descriptions, designs, data and information contained herein are presented in good faith and believed to be accurate, Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is provided for your guidance only.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used as a blowing agent in the production of flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is also used in hot melt adhesives.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether has been studied for its potential applications in organic synthesis and as a solvent for various reactions.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is an important compound in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering, contributing to the development of new materials and processes.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is mainly used for single-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-hard foam, CASE materials, etc.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is suitable for use in water curing systems.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a strong foaming catalyst .


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.
Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.


The CASE material or the like is added in an amount of 0.3 to 0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used as a one-component polyurethane system (such as one-component polyurethane sealant, one-component polyurethane foam, one-component polyurethane


The catalyst (or curing agent) in grouting materials, etc.).
Since one-component polyurethane prepolymer requires long-term storage stability, Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether plays a key role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymer.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether quality puts forward extremely high requirements.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used in one-component coating systems.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used intermediate used in Polyurethane catalysts and Initial product for chemical syntheses.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used as a catalyst (or curing agent) in one-component polyurethane systems (eg, one-component polyurethane caulk, one-component polyurethane foam adhesive, one-component polyurethane grouting material, etc.) .
Since single-component polyurethane prepolymers require long-term storage stability, Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether plays an important role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymers, which also puts forward very high requirements for the quality of bismorpholine diethyl ether products.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and also used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-rigid foam, CASE material, etc.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV).
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and polymers.


Other release to the environment of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used for the manufacture of: .


Other release to the environment of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and building & construction work.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used for the manufacture of: furniture.


Release to the environment of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used as a polyurethane catalyst.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether tends to be used in one-component rather than 2-component polyurethane systems.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether's use has been investigated in polyurethanes for controlled drug release and also adhesives for medical applications.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether's use as a catalyst including the kinetics and thermodynamics have been studied and reported on extensively.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a popular catalyst along with DABCO.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is mainly used for one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft and semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can be used in one- and two-component sealant foams as well as flexible slabstock foams.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is suitable for use in water curing systems.


Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used good blowing catalyst that does not cause cross-linking.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can also be used as catalyst for formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica.


-Scientific Research Applications of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
*Catalyst in Polyurethane Foam Production:
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether: acts as an effective catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams .

Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether facilitates the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, which are the key components in creating these foams.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether’s ability to accelerate the gelling process without promoting cross-linking makes it valuable in manufacturing flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams.


-Property Modifier for Analytical Techniques:
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) , which is utilized in Matrix Assisted Ionization Vacuum (MAIV) analysis .

This application is significant in the field of mass spectrometry, where Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether aids in the ionization process of analytes, thus enhancing the detection and analysis of various substances.


-Adhesive Formulation uses of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is also used in formulating adhesives .
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether's chemical properties contribute to the adhesive’s performance, particularly in terms of flexibility, curing time, and bonding strength.


-Modifier in Polypropylene Glycol (PPG) Silica:
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether serves as a modifier in the incorporation of fumed silica into polypropylene glycol .
This modification is crucial in enhancing the properties of PPG, such as viscosity and thermal stability, which are important in various industrial applications.


-Catalyst for Blowing Reactions:
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether: is a good blowing catalyst that is used in reactions to create foams .
This application of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is particularly relevant in the production of insulation materials, where controlled foam expansion is necessary.


-Research on Amine-Based Catalysts use of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
Lastly, Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is subject to research as an amine-based catalyst .
Scientists are investigating Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether's catalytic properties in various chemical reactions, which could lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly processes in the chemical industry.



FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is already used in a variety of applications, including as a catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings .

Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can also be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV) .
Future research and development may explore new uses and applications for Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether.



MODE OF ACTION OF Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether interacts with its targets by accelerating the reaction rate of the polymeric curing process .
This interaction results in a more efficient and faster curing process, which is crucial in the production of various polymeric materials .



BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
The biochemical pathways affected by Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether involve the reactions of polymeric curing .
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether facilitates these reactions, leading to the formation of stable polymeric structures.
The downstream effects include the production of materials with desired properties such as flexibility, durability, and resistance to environmental factors.



RESULT OF ACTION OF Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
The molecular and cellular effects of the action of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether are observed in the formation of polymeric materials .
By acting as a catalyst in the curing process, Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether enables the creation of materials with specific physical and chemical properties.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
Target of Action
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, primarily targets the process of polymeric curing .
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether acts as a catalyst for this process, facilitating the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol incorporated fumed silica .



SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS OF Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether belongs to the group of morpholine derivatives which have been developed as corrosion inhibitors for various applications.



MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
The molecular formula of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is C12H24N2O3 .
The IUPAC name of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine .
The molecular weight of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is 244.33 g/mol .



CHEMICAL REACTIONS ANALYSIS OF Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing .
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is used in the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether has a refractive index of 1.484 (lit.) and a boiling point of 309 °C (lit.) .
The density of Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature, soluble in water;
Viscosity (25 ° C, mPa.s): 18
Density (25 ° C, g / cm 3): 1.06
Water soluble: soluble in water
Flash point (TCC, °C): 146
Amine value (mmol/g): 7.9-8.1 mmol/g



KEY FEATURES AND TYPICAL BENEFITS OF Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
• Virtually no impact on shelf life when mixed in isocyanate and isocyanate prepolymers, for ease of use in one-component foam formulations
• Low odor
• High purity



SYNTHESIS ROUTES AND METHODS I OF Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether:
Procedure details:
The pressure was set to a constant 16 bar absolute, the fresh gas flow was set to a constant 300 standard l/h of hydrogen and the circulating gas was set to a constant approx. 300 pressure liters/(lcat•h).

Ammonia and diethylene glycol were vaporized separately and preheated diethylene glycol was then introduced into the hot circulating gas stream, after which hot ammonia was fed into the reactor via a pressurized gas pump.
The laden circulating gas stream was reacted isothermally at 210° C. (+/−2° C.) and 16 bar over the catalyst in the tube reactor.

The synthesis was carried out at a space velocity over the catalyst of 0.30 lalcohol/lcat•h, a molar ratio of ammonia/alcohol of 3:1 and an amount of fresh gas/H2 of 300 standard liters/lcat•h.
90% of the alcohol was reacted in the reaction end a selectivity of 50% based on the diol used was achieved.
Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether was condensed in a pressure gas separator and collected for purification by distillation.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of DIMORPHOLINO DIETHYL ETHER:
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Presure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66 Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Viscosity: 216.6mm2/s
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Physical state: liquid
Color: yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 309 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,06 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Molecular Weight：244.33
Exact Mass：244.33
EC Number：229-194-7
UNII：5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number：28749
DSSTox ID：DTXSID9042170
HScode：2934999090
PSA：34.2
XLogP3：-0.6
Appearance：Liquid
Density：1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point：176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point：295 °F
Refractive Index：1.482

Density: 1.061g/cm3
Boiling point: 333.9°C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash point: 96.7°C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5

Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area :34.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers;
Polymer Additives; Organics; Polymer Science
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 333.9±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: -28 °C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.331
Flash Point: 96.7±23.7 °C
Exact Mass: 244.178696
PSA: 34.17000
LogP: -1.09
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.482
Product name: 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether

Synonyms: DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.06 g/ml
Melting point: -28 degrees
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.061g/cm3

Boiling Point: 333.9 °C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash Point: 96.7 °C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
CAS NO:6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Organics;Polymer Additives;Polymer Science;
Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 295 °F
Appearance: STRAW YELLOW

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
PKA: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid

Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F

Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry, 2-8°C
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃

Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4

NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid
Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
Molecular Weight: 244.33
XLogP3: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6

Exact Mass: 244.17869263
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Complexity: 172
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Name: 4,4-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular formula: C₁₂H₂₄N₂O₃
Molecular weight: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25°C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28°C
Boiling Point: 309°C (lit.)

Flash Point: 295 °F
Preservation conditions: 2-8°C, Dry
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS: 6425-39-4
Category: Plastic Additives
Description: Liquid
IUPAC Name: 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Canonical SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChI Key: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Complexity: 172

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
EC Number: 229-194-7
Exact Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
Formal Charge: 0
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
NSC Number: 28749
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
XLogP3: -0.6
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
Unique Ingredient Identifier: 5BH27U8GG4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3

International Chemical Identifier (InChI): ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Additional Physical Properties:
Viscosity (25℃): 18 mPa•s
Relative Density (25℃): 1.06
Boiling Point: Greater than 225℃
Melting Point: Less than -28℃
Flash Point (TCC): 146℃
Amine Value: 7.9–8.1 mmol/g



FIRST AID MEASURES of DIMORPHOLINO DIETHYL ETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of DIMORPHOLINO DIETHYL ETHER:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of DIMORPHOLINO DIETHYL ETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of DIMORPHOLINO DIETHYL ETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of DIMORPHOLINO DIETHYL ETHER:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of DIMORPHOLINO DIETHYL ETHER:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available